@article {pmid40654067,
year = {2026},
author = {Veneziano, FA and Frecentese, F and Mistrulli, R and Veneziano, R},
title = {ST-elevation myocardial infarction late-presenting patients: time for a new paradigm?.},
journal = {Monaldi archives for chest disease = Archivio Monaldi per le malattie del torace},
volume = {96},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.4081/monaldi.2025.3372},
pmid = {40654067},
issn = {2532-5264},
mesh = {Humans ; *ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction/surgery/diagnosis/diagnostic imaging/therapy/mortality ; *Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/methods ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Hospital Mortality ; Time Factors ; *Time-to-Treatment ; },
abstract = {Timely performed percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PCI) remains the most critical factor predicting favorable outcomes in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Guidelines have traditionally identified the first 12 hours from symptom onset as the "golden window" for PCI. However, recommendations for patients presenting beyond this timeframe remain inconsistent. Late presenters are associated with worse outcomes and significantly higher rates of in-hospital mortality. Notably, the recent COVID-19 pandemic has further increased the prevalence of late presentations. Emerging imaging techniques now offer new opportunities to better characterize both patients and the pathological consequences of late-presented STEMI. Despite this progress, evidence supporting the adoption of imaging-guided strategies remains mixed. These advancements hold the potential to pave the way for personalized management approaches for this heterogeneous patient population soon. In this review, we explore the current evidence regarding the treatment of late presenters and discuss how emerging imaging techniques may transform clinical strategies in this challenging subset of STEMI patients.},
}

Humans
*ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction/surgery/diagnosis/diagnostic imaging/therapy/mortality
*Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/methods
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Hospital Mortality
Time Factors
*Time-to-Treatment

@article {pmid42752904,
year = {2026},
author = {Tazrin, S and Niyarepola, T and Stevelink, SAM and Bhundia, R and Lamb, D and Greenberg, N and Croak, B},
title = {Reflective practice to reduce moral injury in healthcare workers.},
journal = {Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)},
volume = {76},
number = {6},
pages = {435-441},
doi = {10.1093/occmed/kqag060},
pmid = {42752904},
issn = {1471-8405},
support = {M952//Rosetrees Trust/ ; PGL22/100103//Rosetrees Trust/ ; ISSF3/H17RCO/C3//UCL/Wellcome/ ; M952//Rosetrees/ ; ES/V009931/1//Economic and Social Research Council/ ; //NHS England and NHS/ ; //Manolo Blahnik Foundation/ ; //National Institute for Health Research Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre/ ; //King's College London/ ; //National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit/ ; //National Institute for Health and Care Research ARC North Thames/ ; //National Institute for Health and Care Research or the Department of Health and Social Care/ ; MR/V034405/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; //King's College London, National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response at King's College London/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Health Personnel/psychology ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; *Cognitive Reflection ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Morals ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Moral injury (MI) can arise when individuals experience events that violate their moral beliefs. During the COVID-19 pandemic, MI gained attention among healthcare workers (HCWs). Reflective practice (RP) may help prevent or mitigate MI but remains underexplored. This narrative review examines existing literature on RP interventions addressing MI in HCWs.

AIMS: To synthesize existing literature on RP interventions to prevent or mitigate MI in HCWs.

METHODS: A semi-structured literature search was conducted in July 2024 and updated in August 2025 across four databases. Twelve studies evaluating RP interventions, including three studies identifying barriers to RP, were included. Across the 12 studies, the sample size was n = 793, involving nurses and other HCWs.

RESULTS: Most studies implemented structured workshops combining RP with psychoeducation and group discussion. Of the studies, 11 studies lacked control groups, three used pre-/post-test designs, while others relied on self-reported helpfulness. These studies provided preliminary evidence for the feasibility and perceived value of RP in addressing MI. The only study with a control group was limited by a small sample size, and the results were non-significant. Reported barriers to implementing RP included individual-level factors (e.g. lack of experience) and institutional obstacles (e.g. limited managerial support).

CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest RP holds promise as an intervention for MI in HCWs. However, the evidence base is limited by small samples and weak study designs. Further research using robust methodologies, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and longitudinal studies, is needed to evaluate RP across diverse HCW roles, including administrative staff.},
}

Humans
*Health Personnel/psychology
*COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology
*Cognitive Reflection
SARS-CoV-2
*Morals

@article {pmid42865799,
year = {2026},
author = {Luo, X and Li, Z and Ye, F},
title = {Clinical research advances in pulmonary infections in 2025: a narrative review of multipathogen assessment, precision diagnosis, and integrated management.},
journal = {Journal of thoracic disease},
volume = {18},
number = {9},
pages = {1062},
pmid = {42865799},
issn = {2072-1439},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary infections have become increasingly complex owing to antimicrobial resistance, the growing population of immunocompromised patients, and the ongoing circulation of respiratory viruses. In this narrative review, the major clinical advances reported in 2025 are summarised, and evidence-based support for multipathogen assessment, precision diagnosis, individualized treatment, and integrated management of pulmonary infections is provided.

METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, and the Chinese Medical Association Journal Database were searched for relevant English-language and Chinese-language publications. The search primarily focused on studies published in 2025 and was supplemented by the manual retrieval of relevant clinical studies and guidelines. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and free-text terms were used in PubMed, with corresponding free-text terms applied in the other databases. Clinically relevant publications were screened according to predefined criteria by two independent reviewers, and expert adjudication was used in the event of disagreements.

KEY CONTENT AND FINDINGS: Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), integrated biomarker assessment, and artificial intelligence (AI) have exhibited increasing clinical value in pathogen identification, differential diagnosis, and prognostic assessment. Therapeutic advances have been reported for drug-resistant bacterial and fungal infections, as well as for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza, supporting more precise and individualized treatment. Studies on the gut-lung axis and immune modulation have further clarified the potential role of host-directed approaches, although clinical evidence for microbiota-targeted interventions remains limited. The risks associated with coinfection received increasing attention, while improved identification of risk factors and stratified management supported more individualized care for high-risk populations.

CONCLUSIONS: In 2025, the clinical management of pulmonary infections continued to transition towards precision-oriented and host-directed models. However, because a quantitative evidence synthesis was not included in this narrative review, pooled effect size estimates or formally graded clinical recommendations are not provided. The heterogeneity of the available studies also limits the overall strength and generalisability of the evidence. Future high-quality, multicentre studies are needed to further standardise clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies.},
}

@article {pmid42866046,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, M and Chu, R and Zhang, S and Li, X and Ren, X},
title = {Flipped classroom and technology-enhanced learning in dermatology education: evidence, implementation, and future directions.},
journal = {Frontiers in medicine},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {1955942},
pmid = {42866046},
issn = {2296-858X},
abstract = {Dermatology education faces limited curriculum time, a visually demanding specialty, and the need to develop both clinical reasoning and procedural competence. The flipped classroom (FC) delivers didactic content before class and reserves class time for active learning. This mini review synthesizes evidence on FC in dermatology education, distinguishes true FC from broader blended or active-learning approaches, and examines how newer image-based technologies such as teledermatology, gamified education, and artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted tools can complement FC. PubMed, Scopus, ERIC, and Google Scholar were searched through August 2026 for studies on FC, blended learning, or technology-enhanced learning in dermatology. Across the reviewed studies, FC and closely related blended approaches were associated with short-term gains in knowledge and satisfaction relative to traditional teaching, with particular promise when combined with case-based or problem-based learning. COVID-19 accelerated adoption and demonstrated adaptability to remote formats. However, most dermatology studies are single-institution, quasi-experimental, small, and short-term, and only two dermatology-specific studies used randomized designs. Evidence on long-term retention, patient-related outcomes, and clinical competence remains lacking, and gains in satisfaction or confidence should not be equated with objective gains in knowledge or skills. Based on the currently limited evidence, FC appears at least comparable to, and sometimes better than, traditional teaching for short-term knowledge and skills. Educators can reasonably adopt FC as part of blended curricula, while researchers should prioritize multicenter randomized trials with standardized objective outcomes, longer follow-up, and patient-level endpoints.},
}

@article {pmid42866397,
year = {2026},
author = {Azarashkan, S and Charati, JY and Abdollahi, F},
title = {Body Weight Changes and their Determinants During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research},
volume = {31},
number = {5},
pages = {742-761},
pmid = {42866397},
issn = {1735-9066},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has been recognized as a significant public health concern. This systematic review examines the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on weight changes and their determinants, particularly within the contexts of physical activity and nutrition.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Literature search was conducted using the Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PSYCHINFO, and SCIENCE DIRECT databases (2020-2021). Search terms included obesity, weight changes, body mass index (BMI), diet, physical activity, weight-related behaviors, pandemic, lockdown, coronavirus, and COVID-19. The search was limited to articles published in English.

RESULTS: A total of 35 studies were included in this review. The majority of the studies were cross-sectional in design and employed online, self-reported sampling methods. Weight gain was reported in most of individuals (19.5-50.0%), although some studies documented weight loss (13.8-50.7%). An increase in food consumption was observed among 39-65% of participants. A greater proportion adhered to healthy dietary patterns (6.1-41%) compared to unhealthy diets (26.7-50.0%). Conversely, a decline in physical activity levels was reported (6.5-69.0%). Sedentary behaviors increased, with screen time and sitting time rising (36.2-74.4% and 54.4-63.0%, respectively).

CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with increased weight gain, largely attributable to lifestyle changes, including dietary habits and reduced physical activity. Individual characteristics and pre-pandemic lifestyle factors appear to be predictive of weight-related outcomes during the pandemic. Healthcare professionals should consider individual differences, psychological coping mechanisms, and socioeconomic factors when designing effective weight management programs during a public health crisis.},
}

@article {pmid42866673,
year = {2026},
author = {Nahid-Samiei, R and Ebrahimi, D and Samiei, MN and Nahand, JS and Donyavi, T and Bokharaei-Salim, F},
title = {Host-response biomarker panels for distinguishing selected acute respiratory viral-bacterial co-infections from mono-infections.},
journal = {iScience},
volume = {29},
number = {10},
pages = {117388},
pmid = {42866673},
issn = {2589-0042},
abstract = {Acute respiratory viral-bacterial co-infections complicate antimicrobial decisions because pathogen detection may not establish whether both organisms are clinically contributing to disease. We synthesized evidence from adult and pediatric acute respiratory infection cohorts, including influenza, SARS-CoV-2, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, and selected mixed-detection febrile illness studies, to evaluate host-response biomarkers for distinguishing co-infection from mono-infection. Conventional C-reactive protein and procalcitonin were most useful as supportive or rule-out markers of bacterial involvement, but lacked sufficient specificity when used alone. Dual-axis strategies that combine antiviral and bacterial-response signals, including MxA/CRP, TRAIL/IP-10/CRP, CD169/CD64, IFI44L/FAM89A, and targeted transcriptomic or proteomic signatures, provided more biologically coherent discrimination of mixed infection states. These findings support prospective validation of integrated host-response panels as rapid decision-support tools for antimicrobial stewardship and clinically meaningful co-infection diagnosis.},
}

@article {pmid42867253,
year = {2026},
author = {Keramidas, P and Pitou, M and Aggeli, A and Varlamis, S and Choli-Papadopoulou, T},
title = {A comparative analysis of cell death signalling in RNA and DNA virus infections and potential inhibitory strategies.},
journal = {The FEBS journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/febs.70763},
pmid = {42867253},
issn = {1742-4658},
support = {//Hellenic Academic Libraries Link/ ; 21051//Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation/ ; },
abstract = {The recent COVID-19 pandemic and the epidemic outbreak of Mpox have demonstrated that viruses, despite their apparently simple structure, are sophisticated microorganisms that have evolved complicated pro-survival mechanisms. Their potential to manipulate cell death pathways can affect and determine the outcome of the infection cycle and the host's immune response. RNA viruses typically display a more acute and aggressive nature, as they often promote cell death. In this way, they proliferate and release their virions to infect adjacent cells and perpetuate their life cycle. Common consequences of RNA virus infection include hyperinflammatory responses in hosts, typically leading in damage to the epithelial barrier. Conversely, DNA viruses modulate these pathways to sustain a balance between the lytic cycle, during which they replicate, and latency, wherein they remain inactive until an appropriate stimulus triggers reactivation. Achieving this balance and transitioning between stages of infection requires the inhibition of cellular death processes. In both instances, the viruses seem to respond to the cellular context, enhancing their adaptability through mutations, so to deceive host defenses and therefore secure their survival. This highlights the necessity to comprehend the processes via which these biological threats induce cell death, thereby facilitating the development of broad-spectrum or targeted antiviral treatments.},
}

@article {pmid42867590,
year = {2026},
author = {Yadav, P and Balkhy, HH and Gundeti, MS},
title = {From the operating room to the cloud: the evolving continuum from live surgical broadcasting to remote tele-surgery.},
journal = {Journal of robotic surgery},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42867590},
issn = {1863-2491},
mesh = {Humans ; *Robotic Surgical Procedures/education/methods ; *Telemedicine ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Education, Distance ; Pandemics ; *Operating Rooms ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {In the last four decades, the transmission of a live surgical operation to a remote audience has evolved from closed-circuit educational broadcast into a fully remote, robot-assisted surgery performed across different continents. This review maps that journey systematically, defining a six-rung Digital Surgical Spectrum - from passive live broadcast to artificial-intelligence-augmented autonomous surgery - grounding each stage in published clinical evidence across multiple surgical domains. We demonstrate that each rung of this spectrum is no longer theoretical. Live broadcasts have reached audiences across multiple countries. Tele-proctoring was validated at scale during the COVID-19 pandemic, and tele-mentoring has been shown in systematic review to produce a safety and efficacy profile broadly comparable to on-site supervision. True remote tele-surgery has been accomplished over distances exceeding 8,000 km with latencies well within established procedure specific safety thresholds. We also present a case timeline and an Institutional Readiness Framework specifying the technical, regulatory, and other prerequisites for each rung, organized visually as a Digital Surgical Spectrum. Importantly, nuances such as the performance paradox of observed surgery, consent frameworks, cybersecurity risk, regulatory fragmentation, and the threat of entrenching rather than correcting global surgical inequity are examined. As the field advances, the growth of tele-surgical technologies will depend on international regulatory harmonization and equity-centered deployment, supported by prospective multi-specialty outcome registries.},
}

Humans
*Robotic Surgical Procedures/education/methods
*Telemedicine
COVID-19/epidemiology
*Education, Distance
Pandemics
*Operating Rooms
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid42871188,
year = {2026},
author = {Montoya Monsalve, R and Campuzano Cortina, S and Jiménez Cárdenas, M},
title = {Methodological quality and clinical applicability of long COVID guidelines and scientific statements: a systematic review using AGREE II and AGREE-REX.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1930005},
pmid = {42871188},
issn = {2296-2565},
mesh = {*COVID-19/therapy ; Humans ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; *Practice Guidelines as Topic/standards ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Long COVID is projected to affect 0.6 to 1.0% of the population between 2025 and 2030. This study reviewed the methodological quality, clinical applicability and content of the care recommendations issued for adults ≥18 years with long COVID in clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and scientific statements (SSs).

METHODS: Registered in PROSPERO (CRD420261324906). PubMed, Scopus, trip, five guideline repositories and national health portals were searched between February and April 2026, and PubMed and Scopus were updated on 2 September 2026. Eligible documents were CPGs and SSs on adults with suspected or confirmed long COVID, published in English or Spanish. Screening and full-text review were duplicated independently; data were extracted by one reviewer and verified by a second. Methodological quality was appraised with AGREE II, reporting the six standardised domain scores separately, each rescaled within its domain and never summed into an overall score; applicability was appraised with AGREE-REX. A narrative synthesis covered five predefined care domains.

RESULTS: Twenty documents were appraised, 19 from the initial search and one from the update. From the 19 initial documents, 510 recommendations were extracted across five NICE-derived domains, mostly clinical management (63.3%) and care planning (29.6%). Quality was uneven (rigor of development 16.7-97.9%; applicability 0.0-95.8%; editorial Independence median 100%), and only one document reported a GRADE-compatible evidence-to-decision framework. Four documents were prioritised and contributed 99 recommendations; they scored higher than the remaining corpus in all six domains, yet applicability remained their weakest (68%). AGREE-REX showed recommendations directed far more clearly at clinicians than at patients or decision-makers. Content converged on shared decision-making, multidisciplinary rehabilitation, patient-centered care and return-to-work support.

DISCUSSION: Guidance on long COVID is abundant but methodologically uneven, and the unevenness is concentrated in how evidence is linked to recommendations and in applicability. The corpus offers well-formulated clinical content whose evidence-to-decision reasoning and implementation requirements are seldom reported, and it therefore requires formal contextual adaptation, for example through GRADE-ADOLOPMENT, before use. Key limitations are the scarcity of guidance from low- and middle-income countries and the diversity of development methods.

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD420261324906, Identifier CRD420261324906.},
}

*COVID-19/therapy
Humans
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
*Practice Guidelines as Topic/standards
SARS-CoV-2
Pandemics

@article {pmid42872004,
year = {2026},
author = {Khatuni, M and Varaminian, B and Ghoreyshi, M and Ghalamkari, M},
title = {Coagulation Disorders and Thrombotic Events in Patients with COVID-19: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran},
volume = {40},
number = {},
pages = {80},
pmid = {42872004},
issn = {1016-1430},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: This review explores the coagulation disorders and thrombotic events observed in COVID-19 patients, highlighting the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and current management strategies.

Important mechanisms contributing to thrombosis include cytokine storm-induced thrombosis, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, macrophage activation syndrome, complement cascade activation, and renin-angiotensin system dysregulation. Thrombotic complications significantly impact mortality and morbidity, with pulmonary emboli frequently observed in autopsy studies. Notably, this prothrombotic state may persist for weeks post-hospitalization.

MANAGEMENT: Effective management of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy requires prompt treatment of underlying infections and comprehensive assessment of co-infections in critically ill patients. While heparin and its derivatives remain the cornerstone for managing venous thromboembolism, their efficacy for COVID-19-associated coagulopathy remains to be a subject of investigation.

CONCLUSION: Understanding the complex interplay between inflammation and thrombosis in COVID-19 is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic strategies that address coagulation disorders and the underlying infection.},
}

@article {pmid42859595,
year = {2026},
author = {Chatwitchanon, W and Kongutsa, K and Supharattanasitthi, W and Audshasai, T},
title = {SARS-CoV-2-Streptococcus pneumoniae Coinfection: A Narrative Review of Pathogenesis, Synergy, and Clinical Impact.},
journal = {International journal of microbiology},
volume = {2026},
number = {},
pages = {3388334},
pmid = {42859595},
issn = {1687-918X},
abstract = {Bacterial coinfection following a respiratory viral infection is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality during viral pandemics. However, the specific interaction between S. pneumoniae and SARS-CoV-2 remains scattered and poorly understood. In this narrative review, current evidence regarding the pathogenesis, synergistic effects, and clinical impact of this coinfection was collected and reviewed. Peer-reviewed literature published between January 2020 and January 2026 was retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, and the evidence is presented separately according to its source, namely, experimental animal-model data, clinical observations, antimicrobial-resistance surveillance, and vaccine-related observational findings. From experimental studies in human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) mouse models, direct SARS-CoV-2 with S. pneumoniae coinfection caused lethal synergy via alveolar macrophage depletion, cytokine storm, and increased mortality. From clinical observations, coinfection was associated with poor outcomes, especially in the elderly and patients with comorbidities, although reported coinfection rates and effect sizes vary considerably between cohorts. Although global nonpharmacologic interventions (NPIs) temporarily reduced pneumococcal transmission, a concerning rise in antimicrobial resistance due to empiric antibiotic use during the pandemic had been observed. Additionally, several observational studies suggest that the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) may be associated with more favorable COVID-19 outcomes, potentially through the reduction of pneumococcal carriage, although this evidence remains susceptible to residual confounding. Despite evidence of synergism in animal models, clinical mechanisms remain inconclusive. Therefore, future research is required to validate these findings in clinical settings and to provide stronger evidence regarding cross-protection of the PCV to support valid recommendations.},
}

@article {pmid42859644,
year = {2026},
author = {Zelenski, KN and Christensen, GK and Hart, J and Speth, JC and Harris, ZM and Zelenski, KJ and Gupta, B and Ogunleye, TD},
title = {Orthopedic Risks and Recovery Considerations in Long COVID: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {18},
number = {9},
pages = {e116021},
pmid = {42859644},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic left a lasting imprint on orthopedic surgery, initially through widespread reductions in care delivery and subsequently through the complex challenges posed by Long COVID syndrome. Emerging literature describes Long COVID-related alterations in bone mineral density, delayed wound healing, prolonged inflammation, persistent chronic pain, and increased perioperative risks. Long COVID may adversely affect skeletal integrity through inflammatory, hypoxic, and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-mediated pathways, potentially leading to bone loss and increased fracture susceptibility. Persistent inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, thrombotic tendency, and neurocognitive impairment may also increase perioperative vulnerability, while chronic musculoskeletal pain, reduced exercise capacity, and post-exertional malaise may complicate rehabilitation and functional recovery. Although orthopedic-specific evidence remains limited, the available findings suggest that Long COVID may represent an underrecognized risk modifier relevant to surgical planning and postoperative management. Greater awareness of these mechanisms may improve patient counseling, risk stratification, and rehabilitation strategies.},
}

@article {pmid42861273,
year = {2026},
author = {Jain, S},
title = {Facial Nerve Palsy With Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction Following COVID-19 Infection: An Illustrative Case-Based Narrative Review.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {18},
number = {9},
pages = {e116106},
pmid = {42861273},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {COVID-19 infection has been recognized to induce a wide range of neurological manifestations, ranging in severity from transient, benign manifestations to severe neurological deficits. Cranial nerve involvement, particularly facial, olfactory, and gustatory nerve dysfunction, has emerged as a notable clinical feature in affected individuals. This review article aims to present and analyze three confirmed COVID-19 diagnoses that exhibited facial nerve palsy (FNP), olfactory disturbances (OD), and/or gustatory disturbances (GD), while also exploring the potential underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of these symptoms. This article presents three cases of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in which patients developed FNP along with OD and/or GD, and discusses their potential pathophysiological mechanisms. All three patients had hallmark signs and symptoms of FNP, with dysgeusia present in three and anosmia present in two. COVID-19 was confirmed with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. Neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis ruled out other differential diagnostic possibilities. Treatment strategies varied from case to case and included steroids, antivirals, and traditional medicine. Outcomes ranged from partial to complete recovery of FNP within four weeks. The three presented cases suggest a temporal association between COVID-19 and FNP, though case reports alone cannot establish causation. While direct neural invasion, immune response, or ischemic injury are potential mechanisms, a definitive cause has not yet been established. OD and GD in the presented cases were short-lived, which may suggest, but cannot confirm, a mechanism different from direct cranial nerve involvement. This remains speculative given the small sample size. Further research is warranted to elucidate the pathophysiology of cranial nerve involvement, thereby guiding diagnosis and treatment strategies.},
}

@article {pmid42862067,
year = {2026},
author = {Schwaar, A and Selvam, P and Etter, G and Kuratli, A and Küchenhoff, A and Gruber, J and Giacchetto, L and Gallmann, C and Busche, P and Béguelin, C and Tarr, P},
title = {[Autumn vaccinations for older adults: Influenza, Covid-19 and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)].},
journal = {Praxis},
volume = {115},
number = {9},
pages = {249-255},
doi = {10.23785/PRAXIS.2026.09.002},
pmid = {42862067},
issn = {1661-8157},
mesh = {Humans ; *Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage/adverse effects ; Aged ; *Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/prevention & control ; *Influenza, Human/prevention & control ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage/adverse effects ; *Seasons ; *Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines/administration & dosage/adverse effects ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; Vaccine Efficacy ; Aged, 80 and over ; Middle Aged ; },
abstract = {Today, the Federal Commission on Vaccination (EKIF) recommends two vaccinations for people aged 65 and over in the autumn: one against flu and one against Covid-19. The new RSV vaccines are recommended for people aged 75 and over and for people aged 60-74 with relevant underlying conditions, but basic health insurance does not yet cover the costs. These vaccines each reduce the risk of illness and hospitalisation to varying degrees, and the risk of serious side effects is very low. The flu vaccine reduces the risk of heart attack, at least in terms of secondary prevention. However, the high Number Needed to Vaccinate (NNV) to prevent respiratory infection- or pneumonia-related hospitalisation (over 1000 for covid vaccines and well over 3000 for flu vaccines) may lead doctors to question the effectiveness of vaccination. For the new RSV vaccines, the NNV is lower at approximately 250 for individuals aged over 75. Additionally, the protective effect lasts for at least two seasons. Although the EKIF strongly recommends the high-dose flu vaccine, it is 50 % more expensive and, in a randomised head-to-head comparison involving 466 000 participants, only slightly more effective than standard-dose vaccines (NNV = approx. 1832).},
}

Humans
*Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage/adverse effects
Aged
*Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/prevention & control
*Influenza, Human/prevention & control
*COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage/adverse effects
*Seasons
*Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines/administration & dosage/adverse effects
*COVID-19/prevention & control
Vaccine Efficacy
Aged, 80 and over
Middle Aged

@article {pmid42863337,
year = {2026},
author = {Lo Buglio, G and Iyer, SN and Husain, MO and Boldrini, T and Chen, C and Corbeil, O and Curtis, L and de Geus, G and Katyal, S and Lingiardi, V and McGorry, PD and Nassisi, N and Nelson, B and Shah, JL and Tanzilli, A and Zein, J and Correll, CU and Sabé, M and Solmi, M},
title = {On the research on youth mental health: A scientometric analysis across mental disorders.},
journal = {European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology},
volume = {114},
number = {},
pages = {113884},
doi = {10.1016/j.euroneuro.2026.113884},
pmid = {42863337},
issn = {1873-7862},
abstract = {In youth-i.e., adolescents and young adults-mental disorders represent a major burden on well-being and quality of life. This scientometric study aimed to map research trends concerning any mental disorder in youth. We searched the Web of Science Core Collection for studies published between 01/01/1985 and 28/08/2025, using keywords on mental disorders and youth. Co-citation reference networks were extracted. R-bibliometrix/CiteSpace were used. 65,684 studies were included, forming a well-structured co-reference network. A trend in the 1980s concerned the prevalence/outcomes of specific mental disorders such as depressive and anxiety disorders. In the 1990s/2000s, research trends concerned assessment tools, pharmacotherapy (e.g., antidepressants, antipsychotics), bipolar disorders and schizophrenia. In the 2010s, early intervention for psychosis was a dominant focus, influencing prevention in mental health. The 2010s also focused on ADHD, eating disorders, gaming disorder, autism, depression and suicide, fMRI, and transgender health, beyond gender dysphoria. In the 2020s, a recent trend has increasingly focused on global evidence on the age at onset and burden across mental disorders, access to care, network analysis, and COVID-19. Over time, research has broadened the focus from adolescence to youth across mental health problems. Both disorder-specific and transdiagnostic research trends were observed. Novel trends in 2023-2025 included substance use, lifestyle psychiatry, evidence synthesis and non-suicidal self-injury. Most studies were conducted in Western countries. Underrepresented research areas included the involvement of youth with lived/living experience in identifying meaningful outcomes, open science, implementation research, economic evaluations, machine-learning approaches, and social determinants of mental health.},
}

@article {pmid42864881,
year = {2026},
author = {Asham, H and Kouchari, K and Bannazadeh Baghi, H and Dousti, S and Mehrpooya, M and Entezari-Maleki, T},
title = {Effectiveness of Remdesivir in individuals with confirmed Omicron variant: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.},
journal = {Expert review of anti-infective therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1080/14787210.2026.2749496},
pmid = {42864881},
issn = {1744-8336},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The emergence of the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) of SARS-CoV-2 represents a new challenge due to its high transmissibility and potential resistance to existing treatments. While Remdesivir, an FDA-approved antiviral, has been widely used in managing COVID-19 cases, its efficacy against the Omicron variant remains uncertain and warrants further investigation. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the effectiveness of remdesivir in individuals infected with the Omicron variant.

METHOD: A systematic search of MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov identified relevant cohort studies. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment followed PRISMA guidelines, with statistical analysis conducted by random-effects model using the RevMan. In addition, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were applied as necessary.

RESULTS: Fourteen cohort studies with 964,156 participants were included. Remdesivir significantly reduced all-cause death among hospitalized individuals (OR: 0.70, 95% CI [0.60-0.81]), all-cause hospitalization (OR: 0.27, 95% CI [0.14-0.54]), and COVID-19-related death (OR: 0.13, 95% CI [0.03-0.58]). However, its effect on oxygen supplementation was not significant (OR: 0.52, 95% CI [0.08-3.52]).

CONCLUSION: These findings reinforce the role of Remdesivir in preventing severe COVID-19 outcomes among patients infected with the Omicron variant.},
}

@article {pmid41780984,
year = {2026},
author = {Kudeken, N},
title = {Long COVID and Sex Differences: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)},
volume = {65},
number = {20},
pages = {2652-2657},
doi = {10.2169/internalmedicine.6969-25},
pmid = {41780984},
issn = {1349-7235},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/diagnosis/immunology ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Female ; Sex Factors ; Male ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Sex Characteristics ; },
abstract = {Long COVID (post-COVID-19 condition) is a heterogeneous syndrome of persistent or new symptoms after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. While men have higher risks of severe acute COVID-19 and mortality, epidemiological studies consistently show a female predominance in Long COVID, especially among middle-aged women. Interpretation is complicated by variable case definitions (World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) and variant-era differences; however, sex disparities persist across both pre-Omicron and Omicron periods. We review evidence on sex differences in epidemiology, symptom clusters, and longitudinal trajectories, incorporating recent RECOVER findings and emerging data from Japanese cohorts. Potential mechanisms include sexually dimorphic antiviral immunity, hormonal and X-chromosome-linked immunoregulation, autoimmunity, autonomic dysfunction, and gender-related social exposures and health-care access. Recognizing sex- and gender-related determinants can improve differential diagnosis, risk stratification, and individualized management, and should be embedded as core variables in future mechanistic studies and clinical trials.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/diagnosis/immunology
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
Female
Sex Factors
Male
SARS-CoV-2
*Sex Characteristics

@article {pmid42858306,
year = {2026},
author = {Menter, T and Mertz, K and Tzankov, A},
title = {Insights into the pathophysiology of post-COVID lung disease from the perspective of histopathology.},
journal = {Pathobiology : journal of immunopathology, molecular and cellular biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1},
doi = {10.1159/pat/aehag004},
pmid = {42858306},
issn = {1423-0291},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a broad range of respiratory complications. Among the spectrum of COVID-associated pulmonary conditions, severe bilateral pneumonitis that might progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) represents the most critical manifestation. A substantial proportion of survivors of severe COVID-19 continue to experience persistent respiratory symptoms and functional limitations. These findings are referred to as post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). These residual post-COVID lung abnormalities are mechanistically linked to the structural changes of acute lung injury, but also to persistent systemic inflammatory signatures, and are reflected in a range of histopathological patterns, including pulmonary fibrosis, hyperinflammation, angiopathic and immunothrombotic tissue responses. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of post-COVID lung disease. We also schematically delineate the broad spectrum of post-COVID lung disease and explain the underlying pathomechanisms.},
}

@article {pmid42858449,
year = {2026},
author = {Maria, LFBS and Naves, MCX and Duarte, EC and Carvalho, IPSF and Peixoto, HM},
title = {Does COVID-19 Vaccination Protect Against Post-COVID Cardiovascular Conditions?.},
journal = {Reviews in medical virology},
volume = {36},
number = {6},
pages = {e70219},
pmid = {42858449},
issn = {1099-1654},
support = {Process: 445276/2023-1;//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/ ; Process: 445276/2023-1//Department of Science and Technology under the Secretariat of Science, Technology, Innovation, and Health Complex of the Ministry of Health/ ; //Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage/immunology ; *COVID-19/complications/prevention & control/immunology ; *Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control/etiology/epidemiology/virology ; Vaccination ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology/pathogenicity ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; },
abstract = {Cardiovascular diseases, such as acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and arrhythmias, have been associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, representing an important cause of long-term morbidity and mortality. In addition to preventing primary infection, COVID-19 vaccination has emerged as a protective factor against post-COVID cardiovascular outcomes. This study aims to analyse the evidence supporting a causal relationship between COVID-19 vaccination and the prevention of post-COVID cardiovascular conditions, based on classical and contemporary epidemiological criteria, including the Bradford Hill criteria (BHC) and the sufficient component cause (SCC) model. A qualitative synthesis of the evidence was performed according to the nine BHC and the SCC model. Scientific evidence indicates that COVID-19 vaccination meets four of the nine BHC as a protective factor against post-COVID cardiovascular conditions, namely strength of association, consistency, temporality, and biological gradient. Three criteria, biological plausibility, coherence, and analogy, were partially met. Specificity and experimental evidence were not supported by the available literature. The SCC model highlights the fundamental role of vaccination as a preventive causal component. It also contributes to two criteria, strength of association and temporality, while emphasising the limitation of specificity in causal inference. COVID-19 vaccination has proven effective beyond the acute phase of the disease, with protection extending to a reduced risk of post-COVID cardiovascular conditions. Comprehensive immunisation strategies and reinfection prevention are essential to mitigate the burden of post-COVID conditions. Additional studies are needed to explore the underlying biological mechanisms, interactions, and the role of COVID-19 vaccination in preventing post-COVID complications.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage/immunology
*COVID-19/complications/prevention & control/immunology
*Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control/etiology/epidemiology/virology
Vaccination
SARS-CoV-2/immunology/pathogenicity
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome

@article {pmid42858831,
year = {2026},
author = {Ghimire, B and Anil, A and Bhandari, M and Yadav, KK},
title = {Turkey Coronavirus: Current Knowledge, Critical Gaps, and Future Directions in Transmission Biology and Pathogenesis.},
journal = {Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {106927},
doi = {10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106927},
pmid = {42858831},
issn = {1532-2971},
abstract = {Turkey coronavirus (TCoV) is an enteric gammacoronavirus that has become a re-emerging pathogen of major economic importance in commercial turkey production. First identified in the 1970s, TCoV continues to circulate endemically and periodically resurges as a primary viral contributor to poult enteritis complex (PEC) and poult enteritis mortality syndrome (PEMS). The continuous need to understand TCoV is highlighted by its severe enterotropism, quick fecal-oral transmission and capacity to propagate covertly among older turkeys and spillover hosts like chickens. Despite more than fifty years of research, key aspects of TCoV pathogenesis and ecology remain unresolved, including receptor usage, host-range determinants, age-dependent susceptibility, environmental persistence and the evolutionary origins of its highly recombinant genome. These persistent gaps are mostly caused by TCoV's absence of a reliable in vitro culture system, which restricts the use of recent advances in virology, glycomics, whole genome sequencing, and reverse genetics techniques that have revolutionized research on other coronaviruses. With current technological advancements, and after nearly a decade-long gap in research publications, the field is now regaining momentum and is positioned to revisit fundamental questions that were previously inaccessible. The USPOULTRY Research Initiative recently designated TCoV as a top research priority because of its influence on flock performance, production costs and supply-chain stability. Hence, this review summarizes current knowledge on TCoV epidemiology, evolution, transmission biology, pathogenesis, diagnostics, industry impact and outlines the critical research gaps necessary to be addressed for the long-term sustainability of the turkey industry.},
}

@article {pmid42859407,
year = {2026},
author = {Špelić, M and Krajinović, V},
title = {Antimicrobial stewardship challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic: implications of antibiotic overuse and antimicrobial resistance.},
journal = {Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju},
volume = {77},
number = {3},
pages = {160-168},
pmid = {42859407},
issn = {1848-6312},
mesh = {Humans ; *Antimicrobial Stewardship ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Inappropriate Prescribing/statistics & numerical data/prevention & control ; Pandemics ; *Bacterial Infections/drug therapy ; Coinfection/drug therapy ; *Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Drug Resistance, Microbial ; },
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic significantly influenced antimicrobial prescribing practices worldwide, raising concerns about antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This narrative review assesses the relationship between COVID-19 and antibiotic use, focusing on bacterial co-infections, prescribing patterns, long-term implications for AMR, and the role of multidisciplinary antimicrobial and diagnostic stewardship, preventive strategies, and the One Health approach in reducing disproportionate antibiotic exposure. To this end we ran a subject search across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Ovid, and Google Scholar for studies selected according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Despite relatively low rates of confirmed bacterial co-infections, antibiotic use remained disproportionately high, particularly during the early stages of the pandemic, highlighting challenges in clinical decision-making under diagnostic uncertainty. Excessive and inappropriate antibiotic prescribing may have contributed to the global AMR burden. Strengthening antimicrobial stewardship programmes, improving diagnostic accuracy and promoting evidence-based prescribing are therefore essential. Multidisciplinary antimicrobial stewardship interventions, rapid molecular diagnostics and vaccination-associated reductions in antibiotic prescribing emerge as complementary strategies for limiting unnecessary antimicrobial exposure, while the environmental consequences of antibiotic use further emphasise the relevance of the One Health approach. Continued surveillance and research are needed to better understand the long-term impact of the pandemic on AMR.},
}

Humans
*Antimicrobial Stewardship
*Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Inappropriate Prescribing/statistics & numerical data/prevention & control
Pandemics
*Bacterial Infections/drug therapy
Coinfection/drug therapy
*Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data
Drug Resistance, Bacterial
SARS-CoV-2
*Drug Resistance, Microbial

@article {pmid42859504,
year = {2026},
author = {Addamo, AP and D'Angeli, F and Genovese, C},
title = {Molecular biophysics of viral proteins: From mechanistic insights to microbiological and clinical applications.},
journal = {AIMS microbiology},
volume = {12},
number = {3},
pages = {682-717},
pmid = {42859504},
issn = {2471-1888},
abstract = {Viral proteins are dynamic molecular machines that couple molecular-scale events to microbiological phenotypes, including host-cell tropism, entry efficiency, environmental persistence, strain-specific immune escape, and antiviral resistance. In this review, we critically evaluated how experimental, computational, and biochemical approaches define these links and support clinical translation. We organized the evidence around four key observables: Structure, dynamics, mechanics, and thermodynamics. We then assessed which conclusions remained robust across methods and viral families. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, cryogenic electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, calorimetry, all-atom molecular dynamics (MD), coarse-grained MD, structural bioinformatics, artificial intelligence, and biochemical reconstitution were compared in terms of resolution, sampling, assumptions, and validation requirements. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 were used as data-rich exemplars, but the resulting conclusions were tested against influenza virus, hepatitis B virus (HBV), human papillomavirus (HPV), Ebola virus, adenovirus, bacteriophages, and other systems. Particular attention was given to force-field selection, enhanced sampling, free-energy calculations, convergence, experimentally restrained modeling, and the multiscale relationship between all-atom and coarse-grained simulations. We also examined integrative workflows, the licensed HBV and HPV virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines, emerging dengue and coronavirus VLP platforms, and clinically validated structure-guided antivirals and prefusion-stabilized antigens. The analysis identified where evidence converges, where method-specific biases or limited taxonomic sampling constrain generalization, and which measurements are required to connect a molecular mechanism to infection, transmission-relevant traits, surveillance, or therapeutic performance. This critical, experimentally anchored framework defines the distinctive contribution of the review.},
}

@article {pmid42859537,
year = {2026},
author = {García-de-Santiago, E and García-Lledó, A},
title = {Vaccination as a Strategy for Cardiovascular Prevention: Closing a Gap in Clinical Practice.},
journal = {Reviews in cardiovascular medicine},
volume = {27},
number = {9},
pages = {54010},
pmid = {42859537},
issn = {2153-8174},
abstract = {Prevention of the consequences of atherosclerotic disease has traditionally focused on controlling individual risk factors such as dyslipidaemia, hypertension and diabetes. In recent years, the term residual risk has been used to describe the persistence of cardiovascular events despite the optimal management of these classical risk factors, with particular attention given to inflammation. Far less attention, however, has been paid to environmental risk factors, which affect entire populations and may account for a substantial proportion of temporal variations in event incidence, as well as the marked seasonal fluctuations in hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease that periodically place considerable pressure on healthcare systems. Temperature, air pollution and infectious diseases-particularly respiratory infections-may help explain why an individual with a given baseline risk experiences an event in one month rather than another. Some environmental factors may promote the development of classical risk factors, whereas others may contribute directly to atherosclerosis. All of them may act either as triggers for acute ischemic events or as destabilising factors in previously stable patients, for example those with heart failure. Infections, especially those of respiratory tract, play a key role in the natural history of cardiovascular disease. Growing evidence indicates that preventing infections through vaccination can reduce the risk of acute ischemic events, hospitalisation and death. Nevertheless, vaccination coverage for many infections, including influenza and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), remains low. In addition, pseudo-scientific campaigns continue to spread misinformation about vaccines, thereby reducing patient adherence. Leading cardiology societies now recognise vaccination against certain infections as an evidence-based strategy for cardiovascular prevention. It is therefore essential that this information be widely disseminated among healthcare professionals, patients and the general public. Of all the available measures to control environmental risk factors, vaccination is the only intervention that clinicians can directly implement in routine clinical practice. Vaccination recommendations should therefore be regarded with the same importance as advice on diet, exercise and smoking cessation.},
}

@article {pmid42851730,
year = {2026},
author = {Gao, Z and Wang, S and Zhang, Y and Wang, S and Qiu, D and Yao, L and Ma, T and Cao, W and Deng, W and Wei, X and Li, M and Xie, Y},
title = {Strengthening patient safety through biosafety and infection prevention measures during COVID-19: a policy and practice review.},
journal = {Frontiers in health services},
volume = {6},
number = {},
pages = {1914377},
pmid = {42851730},
issn = {2813-0146},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) placed substantial pressure on global healthcare systems, biosafety management, and the delivery of safe clinical services. As a critical component of infection prevention and control (IPC), biosafety contributes not only to limiting pathogen exposure but also to protecting healthcare workers, maintaining reliable diagnostic pathways, and supporting patient safety and health-service continuity. This Policy and Practice Review presents a structured narrative synthesis of a sample of literature published primarily between January 2020 and August 2026, supplemented by selected earlier foundational studies and relevant public-health guidance. The review focuses on respiratory exposure control, appropriate use and oversight of personal protective equipment (PPE), airway-management safety, emergency respirator decontamination and reuse strategies including ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI), specimen collection and transport, laboratory biosafety, and emerging diagnostic technologies. The evidence indicates that safe practice requires layered, risk-based measures adapted to the exposure context and specific clinical or laboratory activity. During severe PPE shortages, UVGI was investigated as a contingency strategy for respirator decontamination, but microbial inactivation, preservation of filtration performance, and maintenance of fit or seal integrity represent distinct outcomes and require separate validation. Safe specimen pathways similarly depend on validated collection, transport, storage, and laboratory procedures that preserve both worker safety and diagnostic reliability. Emerging CRISPR- and nanomaterial-enabled technologies may improve diagnostic accessibility or turnaround time, but their contribution to patient safety depends on clinical validation, quality assurance, regulatory oversight, and successful integration into healthcare workflows. Overall, lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic support a multilayered, activity-specific approach to biosafety that integrates occupational protection, diagnostic safety, patient safety, and health-system resilience.},
}

@article {pmid42852104,
year = {2026},
author = {Grossi, C and Spahiu, O and Riva, G and Crupi, A and Arduino, PG and Pecorari, G and Ricardi, U and Iorio, GC},
title = {Hypofractionated radiotherapy in head and neck cancer: current evidence and future directions, with a focus on laryngeal cancer.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1953291},
pmid = {42852104},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {Radiotherapy (RT) remains a cornerstone in the management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) across both definitive and multimodality treatment settings. While hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) has become an established standard of care for several solid tumors, including prostate, breast, lung, and rectal cancers, its adoption in HNSCC has been more cautious owing to the complex anatomy of the head and neck region, the proximity of numerous critical organs at risk, and concerns regarding severe late toxicity. However, major advances in intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), image guidance, adaptive radiotherapy, and radiobiological understanding have renewed interest in HFRT as a strategy to maintain oncological efficacy while reducing overall treatment time. Additional drivers include the need to optimize healthcare resource utilization, improve access to radiotherapy in low- and middle-income countries, and minimize hospital visits, as highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent prospective evidence has further strengthened the rationale for carefully selected hypofractionated approaches in HNSCC. In elderly and frail patients, the phase III ELAN-RT trial has also provided prospective evidence regarding a tailored hypofractionated approach for patients unable to undergo standard treatment. Among head and neck subsites, laryngeal cancer-particularly early-stage glottic carcinoma-represents the most mature clinical model for HFRT and therefore constitutes the principal focus of this review, while evidence from other HNSCC subsites is examined to assess the broader applicability of hypofractionated treatment strategies. This review critically summarizes the radiobiological rationale, current clinical evidence, technological advances, and ongoing challenges surrounding radical HFRT in HNSCC, with particular emphasis on laryngeal cancer, and discusses future directions for its broader implementation in clinical practice.},
}

@article {pmid42852841,
year = {2026},
author = {Wannachalee, T and Charoensri, S and Plongla, R and Snabboon, T and Sunthornyothin, S and Parksook, WW},
title = {Adrenal Infections: An Underrecognized Cause of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency.},
journal = {Clinical endocrinology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/cen.70222},
pmid = {42852841},
issn = {1365-2265},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Adrenal infections are an underrecognized but clinically significant cause of primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI).

OBJECTIVES: This review proposes a diagnostic algorithm for the evaluation of suspected cases.

RESULTS: The most common causative pathogens are Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Histoplasma capsulatum; however, bacterial infections and viral pathogens such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) have also been reported. These infections, particularly in tuberculosis and histoplasmosis, can induce granulomatous inflammation, tissue necrosis, and destruction of the adrenal glands, leading to systemic symptoms and hormonal deficiency. The prevalence of adrenal insufficiency varies widely, ranging from 14% to 100%, depending on the study population and diagnostic criteria. Affected patients may present across a broad clinical spectrum, from chronic adrenal insufficiency to adrenal crisis, and some patients may be identified incidentally through imaging performed for unrelated indications. Computed tomography is the primary imaging modality for diagnosing adrenal infection, typically demonstrating bilateral adrenal lesions characterized by hypodensity with central necrosis, peripheral rim enhancement, and calcification. In contrast, during the late phase, the adrenal glands progressively decrease in size and may become atrophic, particularly in tuberculosis, and often with persistent calcifications. Tissue biopsy with histopathological examination and culture remains the definitive diagnostic tool to confirm the infectious etiology.

CONCLUSIONS: Early recognition is essential, as management requires two complementary approaches: 1. antimicrobial therapy directed at the causative pathogen, and 2. hormonal replacement in patients with established adrenal insufficiency and longitudinal hormonal surveillance in those with preserved adrenal reserve at initial presentation.},
}

@article {pmid42855617,
year = {2026},
author = {Chopra, A and Bonilla, HF and Cheng, AL},
title = {Long COVID in Primary Care: A Practical Approach to Evaluation and Management.},
journal = {Journal of general internal medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42855617},
issn = {1525-1497},
support = {U18HS029911/HS/AHRQ HHS/United States ; U18HS029930/HS/AHRQ HHS/United States ; U18HS029904/HS/AHRQ HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Long COVID is a multi-system, heterogeneous condition that manifests as new or worsened symptoms lasting at least 3 months following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, often despite normal results on routine diagnostic testing. Common manifestations include fatigue, post-exertional malaise, cognitive impairment, and orthostatic intolerance. Primary care clinicians are uniquely positioned to identify and manage Long COVID due to their longitudinal relationships with patients and holistic understanding of their patients' health. However, diagnostic uncertainty, time constraints, and limited access to specialty care present significant challenges, and sometimes hesitation, to addressing Long COVID in the primary care setting. This focused narrative review provides a pragmatic, primary care-focused approach for the evaluation and management of Long COVID. Using patient-centered vignettes, we first describe common clinical presentations. Next, we provide a framework for the pathophysiological mechanisms suspected to contribute to persistent symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection. We then present a simple approach to Long COVID diagnosis and management that leverages primary care clinicians' skillset and highlights unique aspects of Long COVID care (e.g., diagnostic workup to evaluate for competing or coexisting diagnoses; management strategies focused on validation and supportive care, including activity pacing, multidisciplinary rehabilitation, and consideration of symptom-based medication trials). We offer practical strategies to effectively, yet efficiently, address a possible Long COVID diagnosis within the context of brief primary care visits (e.g., prioritize the most bothersome or addressable symptom(s) first, focus on one or two symptoms each visit, leverage longitudinal follow-up). We conclude with evidence-based strategies for prevention counseling, including infection prevention and early outpatient treatment during acute infection. While we remain optimistic that reliable diagnostic biomarkers and curative treatments will one day be available, until then, this primer supports primary care clinicians in recognizing Long COVID and supporting their patients who are living with it, despite the constraints of our current healthcare environment.},
}

@article {pmid42856052,
year = {2026},
author = {Chua, CE and Low, SY and Peh, AL and Fitria, N and Tan, RH and Ko, SQ},
title = {Perioperative Hospital-at-Home Program: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {World journal of surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/wjs.70589},
pmid = {42856052},
issn = {1432-2323},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hospital-at-Home (HaH) is an established model of care for medical patients, particularly following rapid expansion during the COVID-19 pandemic. In contrast, perioperative HaH remains in its early stages, with limited understanding of appropriate care delivery models, staffing, feasibility, cost-effectiveness, and relevant clinical outcomes. Surgical-specific demands limit the operational transferability of HaH from nonsurgical care. This scoping review synthesizes existing evidence on perioperative HaH to clarify current practices and identify key domains for future research and implementation.

METHODS: A systematic search strategy was developed for MEDLINE (via PubMed) and adapted for Embase and Scopus to identify studies involving adults undergoing surgery who received HaH care. After data extraction, a narrative synthesis was conducted to map care delivery and staffing models and the domains of reported clinical outcome measures.

RESULTS: The search identified 5612 records, of which 18 studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies were published between 1991 and 2024 and originated mainly from the United Kingdom, Spain, and the United States. Care-delivery models and clinical outcome measures were heterogeneous, particularly those relating to patient safety. Orthopedic procedures were most common, followed by bariatric surgery and other general surgical specialties. Most studies evaluated postoperative HaH pathways, with only two examining preoperative models. Surgical admissions were predominantly elective, although some included emergency populations.

CONCLUSION: Perioperative HaH shows promise as a rapidly evolving model of perioperative care, but the current evidence base is limited by small, largely noncomparative studies and a lack of standardized outcome measures. This is the first scoping review to systematically map perioperative-specific HaH models across pre- and postoperative phases and surgical specialties. Strengthening the quality of evidence is essential to inform policy, guide best practices, and support the safe and scalable adoption of perioperative HaH programs.},
}

@article {pmid42856812,
year = {2026},
author = {Eisa, N and Khoury, M},
title = {Multisystem effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors beyond glycaemic control: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.},
journal = {Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders},
volume = {25},
number = {2},
pages = {283},
pmid = {42856812},
issn = {2251-6581},
abstract = {PURPOSE: To map benefits and harms of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors beyond glucose lowering and assess evidence certainty.

METHODS: We searched PubMed/MEDLINE through 24 April 2026 and checked references. Two reviewers screened records and verified extracted data. Review methods were appraised with AMSTAR-2, and outcome certainty was judged using GRADE domains. Overlapping, non-interchangeable review estimates were not re-pooled. PROSPERO registration occurred after review initiation (CRD420261378845; 25 April 2026; retrospectively registered).

RESULTS: Twelve PubMed-indexed reviews were included. Representative estimates showed fewer cardiovascular death or first heart-failure hospitalisation events (hazard ratio [HR] 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72-0.82), major adverse cardiovascular events (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.87-0.96), and kidney disease progression (risk ratio [RR] 0.63, 95% CI 0.58-0.69). Liver fat decreased by 2.05% points (95% CI 1.48-2.61), but this was an imaging outcome, predominantly in type 2 diabetes. The RCT-only subgroup of a mixed-design gout review reported HR 0.74 (95% CI 0.55-0.98). Genital infection increased (RR 3.30, 95% CI 2.74-3.99); urinary tract infection and diabetic ketoacidosis estimates were imprecise or compatible with no difference. SGLT2 inhibition did not clearly reduce 28-day mortality in hospitalised COVID-19 (odds ratio 0.93, 95% CI 0.79-1.08). All reviews had critically low AMSTAR-2 confidence.

CONCLUSION: Cardiorenal benefits are supported in the studied heart-failure and chronic-kidney-disease populations, including prespecified non-diabetic subgroups. Evidence for liver fat and gout is narrower and does not establish universal multisystem benefit.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: Outcome-specific summary of the strongest cardiorenal evidence, narrower extra-cardiorenal findings, and principal safety signal.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-026-02097-x.},
}

@article {pmid42857654,
year = {2026},
author = {Kusmiati, M and Gaffar, S and Kusuma, SAF},
title = {Immunoglobulin-Y in Infectious Disease Diagnostics: The Ethical, Sustainability and Conditions Does It Outperform Conventional Antibodies.},
journal = {Infection and drug resistance},
volume = {19},
number = {},
pages = {644269},
pmid = {42857654},
issn = {1178-6973},
abstract = {Infectious diseases remain a major global health challenge, and effective control depends on early and accurate diagnosis. However, conventional immunodiagnostic platforms rely heavily on mammalian antibodies, which may present limitations related to animal welfare, production, and nonspecific immunological interactions. Immunoglobulin Y (IgY), isolated from the yolk of eggs collected non-invasively from immunized hens, has emerged as a potential alternative, although its advantages over conventional mammalian antibodies appear to be context-dependent rather than universal. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on IgY production, diagnostic performance, comparative advantages and limitations, and ethical and sustainability considerations. A structured literature search of PubMed and Scopus covering January 2016 to February 2026 identified 66 records. Of these, 25 articles underwent full-text eligibility assessment, and 17 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. Additional supporting literature identified through hand-searching was used for mechanistic and contextual interpretation but was not counted among the 17 included studies. Across the diagnostic studies, IgY demonstrated favorable performance in selected immunoassay platforms, particularly where reduced interaction with mammalian Fc receptors, rheumatoid factor, or complement may decrease nonspecific interference. High diagnostic performance was reported for applications including bovine coronavirus detection (97.7% sensitivity and 98.2% specificity) and SARS-CoV-2 detection (>90% sensitivity and specificity). However, IgY did not consistently outperform mammalian antibodies across all applications, with limitations observed in free-solution turbidimetric assays, selected in vivo models, and certain engineered antibody formats. Two included studies addressed ethical and sustainability considerations, with quantitative sustainability assessment indicating advantages for IgY-based approaches, although the evidence remains limited. Overall, IgY represents a promising but context-dependent alternative to conventional antibodies. Further head-to-head comparative studies, standardized production and validation protocols, and larger-scale clinical evaluation are required to define the diagnostic settings in which IgY provides a meaningful advantage.},
}

@article {pmid42849730,
year = {2026},
author = {Mansur, DS and Trowbridge, B and Oliveira, JHM and Guabiraba, R and Ferguson, BJ},
title = {Pattern recognition receptors and divergent disease severity in zoonotic viral infections.},
journal = {The Journal of biological chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {113618},
doi = {10.1016/j.jbc.2026.113618},
pmid = {42849730},
issn = {1083-351X},
abstract = {Zoonotic viruses continue to emerge unpredictably, cross species barriers, and inflict major health, economic, and ecological burdens. Recent outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2, H5N1 avian influenza virus (AIV), monkeypox, and Zika virus underscore the unpredictability of viral emergence and the urgent need to understand host/pathogen interactions. This review focuses on how innate immune sensing via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) shapes disease severity across different species. While PRRs initiate antiviral defenses (interferons, ISGs), inflammatory cytokines, and programmed cell death, host outcomes diverge widely, shaped by genetic variation in PRR pathways and their regulators. Dysregulated inflammatory responses and inflammatory cell death can contribute substantially to severe disease independently of viral load, as demonstrated in influenza and coronavirus infections. Viral effectors that suppress or alter PRR signaling can show species-specific efficacy, and these mismatches can be critical determinants of disease when viruses jump hosts. Using avian influenza as an example, we highlight how disease outcomes vary with viral strain, host species, response timing, and tissue context. Overall, we propose that differential disease severity across host species reflects the balance among PRR-mediated resistance, the efficiency of viral immune evasion in the relevant host, and innate disease-tolerance mechanisms that limit tissue damage. Understanding these dynamics could enhance our ability to predict zoonotic emergence and mitigate the impact of viral pandemics.},
}

@article {pmid42850372,
year = {2026},
author = {Goonaratne, E and Bhinder, J and McGrath, K and Astray, D and Sharma, K and Sferrazza, D and Botea, A and Tse, SSW and Lee, SF and Chan, AW and Jefford, M and Chan, RJ and Chow, E and Alkhaifi, M and Wong, HCY},
title = {The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on breast cancer survivorship: a scoping review.},
journal = {Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer},
volume = {34},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {42850372},
issn = {1433-7339},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; *Quality of Life ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/psychology/therapy ; *Cancer Survivors/psychology ; Survivorship ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected how cancer care is delivered globally. This scoping review aimed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on breast cancer survivors (BCS), specifically regarding their quality of life (QoL), follow-up care, and interventions to address their supportive care needs.

METHODS: This review was prepared following PRISMA guidelines. Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched from January 2020 to February 2025. Primary studies in English that specifically commented on the impact of COVID-19 on the above outcomes were included.

RESULTS: Of the 40 studies included in this review, the most common designs were cross-sectional (n = 14), prospective cohort (n = 10), and qualitative (n = 7), with four randomized controlled trials. Thirty-five studies examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of life (QoL) of breast cancer survivors (BCS). Twenty studies reported worsened psychological well-being, with increased stress, anxiety, depression, and loneliness. Stressors included fear of COVID-19 exposure during in-person care and concern over service disruptions. Fifteen studies described interruptions to follow-up care, including appointment cancellations and reduced access to surveillance. Eighteen studies noted broader changes to the care model, including virtual interventions and telemedicine, with five evaluating at-home programs and two reporting positive experiences with phone-based follow-up. Five studies addressed concerns about cancer recurrence, with no observed increases but heightened fear. Notably, three studies published after 2023 reported longer-term impacts, such as persistent anxiety, reduced healthcare access, and declines in functional well-being.

CONCLUSION: COVID-19 has negatively impacted the QoL and the care delivery of BCS. Virtual follow-up and interventions were well-received by BCS, and may be recommended as an alternative to in-person care.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology
*Quality of Life
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/psychology/therapy
*Cancer Survivors/psychology
Survivorship

@article {pmid42851058,
year = {2026},
author = {Du, Y and Yu, M},
title = {[The role of TMPRSS2 in tumor development and viral infection].},
journal = {Xi bao yu fen zi mian yi xue za zhi = Chinese journal of cellular and molecular immunology},
volume = {42},
number = {10},
pages = {938-942},
pmid = {42851058},
issn = {1007-8738},
mesh = {Humans ; *Serine Endopeptidases/chemistry/metabolism/genetics/physiology ; *Neoplasms/enzymology ; *SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; Animals ; *COVID-19/virology ; Virus Internalization ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism ; },
abstract = {TMPRSS2 is a member of a family of proteins localized to the cell membrane and characterized by a conserved serine protease domain. Previous studies have demonstrated its involvement in the initiation and progression of various cancers in the human body. Its serine protease activity can degrade extracellular matrix components, disrupt the integrity of the basement membrane, and promote tumor cell invasion and metastasis. In addition, its expression level is closely related to the degree of immune cell infiltration and may affect tumor immune escape by regulating local inflammatory responses. In terms of viral infection, TMPRSS2 also plays a critical role, especially in the process of coronavirus infection, where it can stimulate the activation of viral particles and enhance infection. Recent studies on COVID-19 have further shown that TMPRSS2-mediated cleavage of the viral spike protein is essential for the activation and entry of the SARS-CoV-2 into the host cells. This review summarizes the current understanding of the structure and function of TMPRSS2, as well as its role in SARS-CoV-2 infection, with the aim of elucidating the underlying mechanisms by which TMPRSS2 facilitates viral entry and propagation within the host. These insights may contribute to the development of targeted therapeutics and vaccines.},
}

Humans
*Serine Endopeptidases/chemistry/metabolism/genetics/physiology
*Neoplasms/enzymology
*SARS-CoV-2/physiology
Animals
*COVID-19/virology
Virus Internalization
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism

@article {pmid42841343,
year = {2026},
author = {Chen, N and Zhang, B and Yu, Z and Tong, G and Jin, J and Jiang, Q and Chen, X},
title = {Non-coding RNA-mediated tug-of-war between emerging viruses and host antiviral defense: lessons from animal viruses.},
journal = {Emerging microbes & infections},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {2746261},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2026.2746261},
pmid = {42841343},
issn = {2222-1751},
abstract = {Emerging animal viruses pose persistent threats to livestock breeding and public health, underscoring the need for a deeper understanding of virus-host interactions. Nevertheless, the regulatory roles and conserved mechanisms of host non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) during animal virus infections remain fragmented, and ncRNA-mediated mechanisms for emerging animal viruses are particularly poorly characterized, with no systematic collation or theoretical summarization available. Studies indicate that ncRNAs, including miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, have emerged as important regulators of the interplay between animal viruses and their hosts. This review synthesizes evidence from eleven animal viruses covering swine, poultry, ruminant, feline, canine, and mink hosts, with emphasis on virus-induced changes in ncRNA expression and their antiviral or proviral functions. Across diverse virus-host systems, three recurring regulatory paradigms are identified: host antiviral defense, viral hijacking, and viral antagonism. Host cells can dynamically reshape their ncRNA expression to regulate host restriction factors, proviral host factors, and other ncRNAs, thereby influencing innate immune signaling, viral replication cycles, autophagy, apoptosis, and metabolic reprogramming. Conversely, animal viruses, including PEDV, PRRSV, PRV, SVA, AIV, ALV-J, NDV, BVDV, FHV-1, CIV, and MEV, have evolved sophisticated strategies to hijack host ncRNA networks or antagonize ncRNA-mediated antiviral immunity, and remodel the intracellular microenvironment to facilitate viral replication. These paradigms provide a unified theoretical system for understanding and predicting ncRNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms in emerging animal viruses. They also offer references for dissecting the pathogenic patterns of ASFV, SADS-CoV, and future unknown emerging viruses, as well as, for mining, screening, and identifying potential antiviral drug targets.},
}

@article {pmid42842033,
year = {2026},
author = {Singh, A and Kumari, S and Dujawara, A and Kulshrestha, A and Shandilya, G and Sharma, A},
title = {Smartphone addiction and metabolic health risk in pediatrics.},
journal = {European journal of pediatrics},
volume = {185},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {42842033},
issn = {1432-1076},
mesh = {Humans ; Adolescent ; Child ; *Smartphone/statistics & numerical data ; *Behavior, Addictive/epidemiology ; Screen Time ; *Internet Addiction Disorder/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology ; *Metabolic Diseases/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Smartphone ownership among children and adolescents has risen sharply over the past decade, coinciding with a parallel rise in pediatric metabolic disorders, including obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, and early markers of metabolic syndrome. Whether these two trends are mechanistically related has become a question of growing clinical and public health relevance. This study synthesizes evidence on the association between problematic smartphone use in children and adolescents and metabolic health outcomes, with attention to the behavioral, neurobiological, and psychiatric pathways that may connect the two. Peer-reviewed studies published between 2019 and 2026 were identified through structured searches of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and IEEE Xplore, using combinations of terms related to smartphone addiction, problematic smartphone use, screen time, and pediatric metabolic outcomes. Fourteen studies meeting predefined eligibility criteria (original research; participants aged 5-18 years; a quantitatively examined association between smartphone use and a metabolic or closely related outcome) constituted the primary evidence base. This base was supplemented with additional targeted literature on diagnostic classification, neurobiology, psychiatric comorbidity, and intervention, cited separately, to address conceptual and clinical gaps identified during peer review. Across the included studies, the prevalence of problematic smartphone use ranged from approximately 22% to 53%, varying by instrument, cutoff score, and cultural context. Problematic use was consistently associated with obesity, hypertension, unfavorable dietary patterns, sleep disruption, and reduced physical activity; evidence for a direct association with insulin resistance was more limited and inconsistent. The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a marked, temporary increase in both screen time and addiction prevalence. Proposed mechanisms include displacement of physical activity, altered dietary behavior, circadian disruption via melatonin suppression, and dysregulation of reward and stress-response circuitry, occurring within an apparently bidirectional relationship with psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

CONCLUSION:  Problematic smartphone use appears to be a plausible, modifiable contributor to pediatric metabolic risk, operating through overlapping behavioral, neurobiological, and psychosocial pathways. Because most available evidence is cross-sectional and drawn from a limited number of heterogeneous studies, causal inference is not currently possible, and the associations reported here should be interpreted as correlational rather than confirmed pathogenic relationships. Longitudinal and mechanistic research, alongside coordinated clinical screening and family-centered intervention, is needed to clarify and act on this relationship.

WHAT IS KNOWN: • Previous studies have investigated the role of how excessive use of smartphones has progressively become common among children and adolescents worldwide. • The researches also demonstrated how excessive smartphone use may negatively affect overall well-being in pediatric populations.

WHAT IS NEW: • In this review, all the recent studies on smartphone addiction and metabolic health risk in pediatrics are highlighted. • Unlike previous studies that have focused on individual outcomes, this review combines evidence on sleep disturbances, sedentary behavior, psychological factors, dietary pattern, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and other health consequences within a single framework. • The review highlights the diverse impact of smartphone addiction and identifies important gaps for future research.},
}

Humans
Adolescent
Child
*Smartphone/statistics & numerical data
*Behavior, Addictive/epidemiology
Screen Time
*Internet Addiction Disorder/epidemiology
COVID-19/epidemiology
Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology
Risk Factors
Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology
*Metabolic Diseases/epidemiology

@article {pmid42842561,
year = {2026},
author = {Rolling, T and Brehm, TT and Krammer, F and Addo, M and Schmiedel, S and Salzer, H},
title = {Emerging respiratory infectious diseases: Clinical aspects for rapid identification and management.},
journal = {Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1},
doi = {10.1159/res/aepag021},
pmid = {42842561},
issn = {1423-0356},
abstract = {Emerging respiratory infectious diseases increasingly arise at the human-animal-environment interface and challenge clinicians with rapidly evolving diagnostic, therapeutic, and infection-control decisions. This narrative review summarizes clinically relevant viral and bacterial pathogens that may present as severe respiratory disease, but are easily mistaken for common community-acquired infections during early illness. We focus on zoonotic influenza A viruses, including contemporary H5N1, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), hantaviruses, Nipah virus, and inhalational bacterial threats such as anthrax, pneumonic plague, tularemia, and melioidosis. These infections may progress from non-specific symptoms to severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock, neurological complications, disseminated infection, or death. Timely recognition depends on careful assessment of travel, occupational and recreational exposures, animal contact, outbreak signals, and pathogen-specific syndromic clues. Multiplex molecular diagnostics can support early triage and exclusion of common pathogens, but targeted PCR, culture, serology, sequencing, and reference laboratory confirmation remain essential. Management requires prompt supportive care, appropriate isolation, public health notification, and pathogen-directed antimicrobial, antiviral, antitoxin, or prophylactic strategies where available. By integrating clinical presentation, diagnostics, treatment, vaccines, and One Health considerations, this review aims to translate knowledge on emerging infections into practical bedside preparedness.},
}

@article {pmid42842819,
year = {2026},
author = {Paccalin, M and Loubet, P},
title = {[Vaccination against respiratory infections in older adults: Covid-19, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza and pneumococcus].},
journal = {Geriatrie et psychologie neuropsychiatrie du vieillissement},
volume = {24},
number = {3},
pages = {261-270},
doi = {10.1684/pnv.2026.1300},
pmid = {42842819},
issn = {2115-7863},
mesh = {Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; France ; *Influenza Vaccines ; *Influenza, Human/prevention & control/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; *Pneumococcal Infections/prevention & control/epidemiology ; *Pneumococcal Vaccines ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; *Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/prevention & control/epidemiology ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control ; *Vaccination ; },
abstract = {Population aging increases the risk of severe respiratory infections and their complications in older adults, largely because of immunosenescence. Beyond pneumonia, these infections can lead to cardiac and respiratory decompensation, acute cardiovascular events, loss of functional independence, and institutionalization. Vaccination remains the cornerstone of prevention. This review provides an update on four vaccine-preventable respiratory infections that are particularly common or severe in older adults: coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, seasonal influenza, and pneumococcal disease. For each infection, we review the epidemiological burden, associated complications-particularly cardiovascular and functional outcomes-as well as recent real-world evidence on vaccine effectiveness and the 2026 French recommendations. The evidence is consistent: safe and effective vaccines are available for all four infections, yet vaccination coverage remains far below target among older adults and is even lower among healthcare workers, a situation that has worsened since the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has durably reshaped attitudes towards vaccination, shifting from initial acceptance to growing hesitancy. Improving information and education for both the public and healthcare professionals, particularly those working in geriatric care settings, appears to be the most effective strategy for reducing this preventable burden. Clear, consistent communication and the integration of vaccination into personalized care plans are essential to translate well-established recommendations into effective protection.},
}

Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Humans
*COVID-19/prevention & control
COVID-19 Vaccines
France
*Influenza Vaccines
*Influenza, Human/prevention & control/epidemiology
Pandemics
*Pneumococcal Infections/prevention & control/epidemiology
*Pneumococcal Vaccines
Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control
*Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/prevention & control/epidemiology
*Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control
*Vaccination

@article {pmid42843467,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, B and Zhao, L},
title = {Mechanisms of accelerated biological aging and premature cardiovascular events in young and middle-aged post-COVID-19 survivors.},
journal = {Ageing research reviews},
volume = {123},
number = {},
pages = {103396},
doi = {10.1016/j.arr.2026.103396},
pmid = {42843467},
issn = {1872-9649},
abstract = {This review evaluates the impact of Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 on adults aged 25-55, focusing on the potential for accelerated biological aging and an increased incidence of acute cardiovascular events. By synthesizing evidence from 110 epidemiological and mechanistic studies, we examine the interplay between viral-induced immune dysregulation, endothelial injury, and systemic physiological decline in a demographic previously considered low-risk for severe outcomes. Our analysis indicates that chronic systemic inflammation, potentially maintained by persistent viral reservoirs in immune-privileged sites, may drive aging-associated molecular changes. While accelerated telomere attrition and altered DNA methylation patterns are reported, applying validated epigenetic clocks (e.g., Horvath's, PhenoAge) yields divergent results, ranging from no disparity to slight but significant epigenetic age acceleration. Alongside these evolving metrics, elevated neurofilament light chain and GDF-15 may indicate ongoing neuronal injury and cellular stress. Concurrently, the findings highlight an elevation in cardiovascular relative risks, where sustained endothelial dysfunction and microthrombi formation appear to contribute to a higher frequency of acute events, including myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke, within these younger cohorts. The review concludes that Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 may represent an emerging driver of premature biological aging and heightened vascular vulnerability. We propose an exploratory clinical framework that prioritizes targeted, symptom-driven care pathways. While early pharmacological interventions remain strictly hypothesis-generating and confined to clinical trials to prevent iatrogenic harm, utilizing advanced biomarkers to evaluate high-risk phenotypes in symptomatic patients may guide future multidisciplinary research to mitigate the long-term societal burden of post-viral decline.},
}

@article {pmid42843657,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, M and Tan, C and Tang, Y and Cao, J and Li, W and Liu, P},
title = {Respiratory viruses and pulmonary diseases: Mechanisms, therapies, and metabolic reprogramming.},
journal = {Microbial pathogenesis},
volume = {221},
number = {},
pages = {108866},
doi = {10.1016/j.micpath.2026.108866},
pmid = {42843657},
issn = {1096-1208},
abstract = {Respiratory viral infections constitute a substantial global health challenge, extending their impact beyond acute inflammation to encompass long-term pulmonary sequelae. Recent evidence highlights that respiratory viruses such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS-CoV-2 reprogram host metabolism to facilitate their replication, with significant alterations in glucose metabolism playing a critical role. This metabolic reprogramming augments glucose metabolism via activation of core signaling pathways including PI3K/Akt/mTOR, HIF-1α, and c-Myc. Beyond facilitating viral proliferation, these metabolic changes crosstalk with oncogenic signaling. By triggering chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and genomic damage, they disrupt the pulmonary immune microenvironment and ultimately promote the pathogenesis of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The pathogenesis of these symptoms is multifactorial and is influenced by genetic susceptibility, environmental exposure, and key interactions between persistent viral infection and the host's immune system. In this review, we synthesize recent advancements on the molecular mechanisms linking virus-induced metabolic alterations to the progression of pulmonary diseases. Furthermore, we discuss novel therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting these metabolic vulnerabilities to mitigate the long-term risks associated with respiratory infections.},
}

@article {pmid42845066,
year = {2026},
author = {Tadesse, TM and Wakjira, OG},
title = {Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Corticosteroids: Reconciling Conflicting Evidence.},
journal = {Acta medica Indonesiana},
volume = {58},
number = {3},
pages = {470-478},
pmid = {42845066},
issn = {2338-2732},
mesh = {Humans ; *Respiratory Distress Syndrome/drug therapy/therapy/physiopathology/diagnosis ; *Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/complications ; *Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Respiration, Artificial ; Dexamethasone/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening form of acute inflammatory lung injury in which loss of alveolar-capillary membrane integrity produces protein-rich pulmonary edema, refractory hypoxemia, and reduced lung compliance, typically within 6-72 hours of a precipitating insult. The 2012 Berlin criteria defined ARDS by acute onset within one week of a known insult, bilateral opacities not fully explained by effusion, atelectasis, or cardiac failure, and a PaO2/FiO2 ratio of 300 mmHg or less with a minimum PEEP of 5 cmH2O. The 2023 global definition expands this framework by accepting SpO2/FiO2 of 315 or less when SpO2 is 97% or below, including patients supported with high-flow nasal oxygen at 30 L/min or more, permitting thoracic ultrasonography as an alternative imaging modality, and waiving the PEEP requirement in resource-limited settings. These revisions are particularly relevant to practice in low- and middle-income countries, where arterial blood gas analysis and mechanical ventilation may be unavailable. Management remains anchored in lung-protective ventilation, conservative fluid strategy, and prone positioning. Glucocorticoids remain the most contested pharmacological intervention: evidence from dexamethasone trials in ARDS and in COVID-19 suggests benefit in selected populations, yet questions persist regarding optimal agent, dose, timing relative to symptom onset, duration, the influence of ARDS subphenotypes, and the risk of secondary infection and neuromuscular weakness. This narrative review summarizes the pathophysiology, evolving diagnostic criteria, imaging findings, and current evidence on corticosteroid therapy, and considers how hyperinflammatory and hypoinflammatory subphenotypes may guide future trial design and individualized treatment.},
}

Humans
*Respiratory Distress Syndrome/drug therapy/therapy/physiopathology/diagnosis
*Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use
COVID-19/complications
*Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use
SARS-CoV-2
Respiration, Artificial
Dexamethasone/therapeutic use

@article {pmid42846789,
year = {2026},
author = {Ma, X and Wu, D and Lv, S},
title = {Carrageenan-induced immunothrombotic models in rodents (Review).},
journal = {Experimental and therapeutic medicine},
volume = {32},
number = {5},
pages = {305},
pmid = {42846789},
issn = {1792-1015},
abstract = {Carrageenan (CGN)-induced immunothrombotic models are used in rodent thrombosis research. They enable both mechanistic dissection of inflammation-coagulation crosstalk and high-throughput screening of antithrombotic agents. The present narrative review summarizes current knowledge on modeling approaches, thrombotic mechanisms, quality determinants and translational relevance of the CGN model. CGN is a sulfated linear galactan that can be administered by intraperitoneal injection, tail vein injection or subcutaneous injection. Amongst these, intraperitoneal injection of κ-CGN (20-100 mg/kg in mice) is the most widely used due to its simplicity and superior reproducibility. Tail vein injection of CGN (1 mg/kg in rats) combined with ligation results in rapid model formation and is suitable for studying the intrinsic pathway of coagulation, whereas subcutaneous injection is mainly used for exploring mechanisms of local inflammatory thrombosis. By contrast, CGN combined with lipopolysaccharides can be used to establish a disseminated intravascular coagulation model, replicating consumptive coagulopathy and multi-organ microthrombosis. The thrombotic mechanisms of CGN involve Toll-like receptor 4/NF-κB pathway-mediated inflammatory cytokine release, upregulation of tissue factor and endothelial injury caused by the release of neutrophil extracellular traps following intraperitoneal CGN administration, direct activation of coagulation factor XII (which initiates the intrinsic coagulation pathway following tail vein administration) and direct activation of the platelet C-type lectin-like receptor 2 pathway. Model quality is influenced by multiple factors, including the subtype and molecular weight of CGN, animal strain (Kunming mice have the highest sensitivity), sex, age, administration parameters and observation time window (24-72 h). This model simulates the pathological process of sterile inflammation-driven thrombosis and shares similar mechanisms with clinical conditions, such as antiphospholipid syndrome and severe Coronavirus disease-19 coagulopathy. However, limitations exist in terms of anatomical site, hemodynamics, chronic etiology and species differences, which restrict its direct extrapolation to clinical settings. The adoption of a multi-model validation strategy and screening of target patient populations based on inflammatory markers are recommended to improve clinical translation.},
}

@article {pmid42847395,
year = {2026},
author = {Chen, YC and Yang, HT and Wu, CF and Kuo, CC},
title = {Exercise effectiveness on fatigue in Long-COVID: systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine},
volume = {60},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/abm/kaag048},
pmid = {42847395},
issn = {1532-4796},
mesh = {Humans ; *Exercise Therapy/methods ; *Fatigue/therapy/etiology ; *Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome/complications/therapy ; Quality of Life ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Patients with Long COVID commonly experience fatigue-related distress, often leading to low energy, reduced activity endurance, and exertional dyspnea, all of which negatively impact quality of life. Although studies have increasingly explored the effects of exercise on Long COVID-related fatigue, a comprehensive synthesis of the evidence is lacking.

PURPOSE: To examine the effectiveness of exercise in improving fatigue among patients with Long COVID through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

METHODS: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for systematic reviews of effectiveness. Airiti Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, ProQuest, and Index of the Taiwan Periodical Literature System databases were searched before July 2025. Two reviewers used the JBI randomized controlled trial checklist to assess the methodological quality of included studies. Extracted data were entered and analyzed using RevMan 5.4 software. Inverse variance and Mantel-Haenzel random effect model was used to estimate effect sizes. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis were performed.

RESULTS: Fourteen randomized controlled trials were reviewed. Meta-analysis reveals that the exercise training group significantly improved fatigue severity (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.59, P = .002) and dyspnea severity (SMD = -0.89, P = .005) compared to the usual care group. Improvements were also observed in muscle strength and endurance.

CONCLUSIONS: Exercise training may help reduce physiological and psychological fatigue in patients with Long COVID. The available evidence suggests that individualized single-modality and multimodal exercise programs may be beneficial for patients experiencing fatigue symptoms. The included interventions generally consisted of 30-60 min sessions, performed 3-6 times per week over at least 8-12 weeks. However, given the moderate-to-very-low certainty of the evidence, exercise programs should be individualized based on patient response and tolerance. Particular attention should be paid to preventing postexertional malaise, with the goal of reducing fatigue and supporting the recovery of daily functioning in patients with Long COVID.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO: CRD420251113419 https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251113419.},
}

Humans
*Exercise Therapy/methods
*Fatigue/therapy/etiology
*Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome/complications/therapy
Quality of Life
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid42847604,
year = {2026},
author = {Lee, EA and Park, JH and Kwack, SJ and Lee, SK and Lee, BM and Kim, HS},
title = {Toxicological insights and health risks of Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride (DDAC): an integrative review.},
journal = {Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-34},
doi = {10.1080/10937404.2026.2740461},
pmid = {42847604},
issn = {1521-6950},
abstract = {Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is a broad-spectrum quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) extensively utilized as a disinfectant and biocide. Widespread use of DDAC, significantly amplified during COVID-19 pandemic, increased human and environmental exposures, indicating need for updated, quantitative risk assessments. To comprehensively evaluate toxicological profile, exposure pathways, and risk characterization of DDAC, this integrative review synthesized regulatory databases (EPA, ECHA), peer-reviewed literature, and large-scale European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) monitoring data (>200,000 samples). Data demonstrated that DDAC exhibited low systemic absorption (<10%) and rapid fecal excretion, with no apparent evidence of carcinogenic, genotoxic or reproductive toxicity. Reported no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) varied depending upon species, study design, exposure route, and toxicological endpoint, with regulatory studies reporting values ranging from approximately 10 to 93.1 mg/kg/day. Quantitative margin of exposure (MOE) analyses confirm both (1)dietary intake, despite sporadic high residues in specific animal products, and (2) routine occupational dermal exposures maintained large safety margins. Conversely, aerosol-generating applications, such as fogging and humidifier use, present narrower margins, emphasizing critical role of ventilation parameters. Overall, DDAC exhibited low systemic toxicity under typical exposure conditions due to limited absorption and rapid elimination. However, accumulating mechanistic evidence indicates that DDAC might initiate portal-of-entry toxicity, including dermal, ocular, and respiratory irritation related to membrane disruption, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses. Integrating regulatory evaluations with recent mechanistic findings provides a more comprehensive understanding of DDAC-induced toxicity, identifies important uncertainties regarding chronic aerosol exposure and environmental persistence, supporting continued refinement of human health and environmental risk assessments.},
}

@article {pmid42841057,
year = {2026},
author = {Patrick, T and John, OB and Dominique, BB and Raoul, RZ},
title = {Adverse Events Following Immunization: Mechanisms, Clinical Manifestations, Surveillance, and Public Health Management-A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Infection and drug resistance},
volume = {19},
number = {},
pages = {642114},
pmid = {42841057},
issn = {1178-6973},
abstract = {Immunization is a cornerstone of global public health, preventing substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, the long-term success of immunization programs depends not only on vaccine effectiveness but also on robust systems for monitoring and managing vaccine safety. Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFIs), defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as any untoward medical occurrence that follows immunization and does not necessarily have a causal relationship with vaccine use, remain an important challenge for vaccine safety surveillance and public confidence. This narrative review synthesizes evidence on the classification, biological and immunological mechanisms, clinical manifestations, surveillance, causality assessment, and public health management of AEFIs. Literature was identified through searches of PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus, complemented by relevant grey literature from authoritative organizations, including WHO and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The review considers evidence from both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 vaccination programs, with emphasis on vaccine safety surveillance, pharmacovigilance, clinical assessment, and public health response. AEFIs were examined according to the WHO classification framework, comprising vaccine product-related, vaccine quality defect-related, immunization error-related, immunization anxiety-related, and coincidental events. Biological and immunological mechanisms range from expected innate inflammatory responses to rare immune-mediated and hypersensitivity reactions. Although most AEFIs are mild and self-limiting, rare serious events require timely recognition, investigation, and appropriate clinical management. Global vaccine safety monitoring capacity remains uneven, with substantial differences in reporting, surveillance infrastructure, diagnostic capacity, and health-system resources across settings. Strengthening pharmacovigilance, active and passive surveillance, healthcare worker training, causality assessment, and transparent risk communication is essential to ensure vaccine safety, sustain public confidence, and support the continued success of immunization programs worldwide.},
}

@article {pmid42841133,
year = {2026},
author = {da Silva, LG and Oliveira, JCM and Fini, BCD and Porto, AA and Costa, DS and de Miranda, DM and Romano-Silva, MA and de Paula, JJ},
title = {Prior COVID-19 vaccination and cognitive outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a mini-review.},
journal = {Dementia & neuropsychologia},
volume = {20},
number = {},
pages = {e20260494},
pmid = {42841133},
issn = {1980-5764},
abstract = {COVID-19 infection has been frequently associated with cognitive deficits that persist for months after the acute phase, but the impact of vaccination on preventing these deficits remains uncertain. Evidence suggests that immunization reduces the incidence and severity of post-COVID symptoms, yet few studies have evaluated its influence on cognition using objective measures. To address this gap, a mini-review was conducted using a systematic search strategy, following PRISMA recommendations where applicable, with a protocol registered in PROSPERO (CRD42025636772). Searches were carried out in the PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus databases, and eligible studies were those that assessed cognition using objective measures and compared vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals at the time of infection. A total of 1,796 records were identified, of which only five met the inclusion criteria. The included studies varied considerably in cognitive assessment tools, study designs, and sample sizes. Four of the five studies found no association between prior vaccination and cognitive deficits, whereas the only study that identified a subtle difference among individuals who had received at least two doses of the vaccine had a substantially larger sample than all the others combined. Methodological inconsistencies in cognitive assessment, variability in the definitions of vaccination status, and the lack of stratification by specific cognitive domains limit the interpretation of the current findings. Although vaccination may play a role in protecting against cognitive deficits following COVID-19 infection, the evidence remains limited and inconclusive. Further studies with standardized definitions of vaccination status and comprehensive objective assessments are needed to clarify this relationship.},
}

@article {pmid42831545,
year = {2026},
author = {Klika, JB and Lee, JY and Chang, OD and Kirsch, J and Lee, SJ},
title = {Child Maltreatment During COVID-19: Triangulating Data Across Reporting Sources.},
journal = {Child maltreatment},
volume = {31},
number = {4},
pages = {793-815},
doi = {10.1177/10775595251370230},
pmid = {42831545},
issn = {1552-6119},
mesh = {Child ; Humans ; *Child Abuse/statistics & numerical data ; *Child Welfare/statistics & numerical data ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; United States/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic created enormous challenges for families across the United States. Economic concerns related to job loss and unemployment, social isolation and school closures were just some of the stressors facing families and children. Because many of these factors are known correlates of child abuse and neglect, some were concerned that child abuse and neglect would significantly increase during the COVID-19 pandemic. A rigorous and comprehensive systematic review of scientific literature was conducted to triangulate hospital, child welfare, and self-report data on child maltreatment rates during COVID-19. Using PRISMA criteria for conducting systematic reviews, the current study reviewed scientific literature on changes in child maltreatment rates during COVID-19. Of the 4,193 unique studies identified, 73 studies met eligibility criteria. Data from child welfare sources suggested declining child maltreatment immediately after COVID-19 onset, while self-report studies document an increasing trend. Hospital data findings were largely mixed with more studies reporting decreased child maltreatment during COVID-19. Interpretation of child maltreatment surveillance data from COVID-19 must account for evidence from multiple data sources which could affect resulting conclusions.},
}

Child
Humans
*Child Abuse/statistics & numerical data
*Child Welfare/statistics & numerical data
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Pandemics
United States/epidemiology

@article {pmid42832903,
year = {2026},
author = {Valentine Gunasari, LF and Chuang, TW and Wiratama, BS and Rahmanti, AR and Nurmansyah, D and Tunggul Satoto, TB},
title = {Machine learning for risk prediction of infectious diseases: a scoping review of application, predictive performance, and reporting gaps.},
journal = {International journal of medical informatics},
volume = {223},
number = {},
pages = {106720},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106720},
pmid = {42832903},
issn = {1872-8243},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Infectious diseases remain a major cause of global morbidity and mortality, with machine learning (ML) emerging as a promising approach for risk prediction. However, the heterogeneity of ML applications across diseases, algorithms, and validation practices impedes evidence synthesis and identification of best practices.

OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aims to systematically map the application of ML algorithms for infectious disease risk prediction, describe disease targets, study populations, data sources, performance metrics, and identify methodological strengths, limitations, and research gaps.

METHOD: We conducted a scoping review following JBI methodology and PRISMAScR guidelines. Four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, IEEE Xplore) were searched from inception to 31 May 2026. Two reviewers independently screened records, extracted data, and assessed quality using PROBAST + AI.

RESULTS: From 168 included studies, ML prediction spanned individual (13.7%), population (56.0%), and spatial (30.4%) levels. Respiratory infections (44.6%) and COVID-19 (23.8%) dominated, while neglected tropical diseases comprised 19.1%. XGBoost, Random Forest and LSTM variants showed high performance, with spatial models yielding the highest median AUC (∼0.90), followed by population (0.84) and individual (0.82) models. Critical gaps included rare calibration reporting (3.0%), limited external validation (10.7%), and severe geographic skew-43.5% from China/USA, only 8 from low-income countries.

CONCLUSION: ML demonstrates substantial potential for infectious disease risk prediction. However, methodological improvements-especially calibration assessment, external validation, and standardized reporting-are urgently needed. Future research should prioritize multi-level modeling approaches and contextually adapted models for high-burden regions.},
}

@article {pmid42833395,
year = {2026},
author = {Kashyap, R and Kar, RK},
title = {Plasmonic biosensor platforms for next-generation personalized medical diagnostics.},
journal = {Drug discovery today},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {104825},
doi = {10.1016/j.drudis.2026.104825},
pmid = {42833395},
issn = {1878-5832},
abstract = {The increasing healthcare burden demands precise diagnostics for early detection and longitudinal disease monitoring. Although conventional assays such as ELISA and PCR offer precision, they require intensive sample preparation, bulkier instrumentation and prolonged assay times. This review examines plasmonic biosensors as a transformative alternative for personalized and point-of-care diagnostics. We comprehensively examine recent advancements, such as the integration of nanomaterials, microfabrication strategies, advanced surface chemistry and prototype miniaturization, and consider examples for the detection of cancer biomarkers (microRNA-21 and alpha-fetoprotein), viral proteins (respiratory syncytial virus and SARS-CoV-2), and inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein). Furthermore, we address the critical aspects that hinder the clinical translation of plasmonic biosensors. The review concludes that, despite significant laboratory-scale progress, standardized manufacturing, scalable nanofabrication and the inclusion of artificial intelligence/machine learning frameworks remain essential for the widespread utilization of plasmonic technology in personalized medicine and diagnostics.},
}

@article {pmid42835826,
year = {2026},
author = {Asadipooya, K and Sriramula, S},
title = {Endocrine complications of COVID-19: diabetes, musculoskeletal, thyroid, pituitary, adrenal, and gonadal disorders.},
journal = {Journal of the Endocrine Society},
volume = {10},
number = {10},
pages = {bvag219},
pmid = {42835826},
issn = {2472-1972},
abstract = {COVID-19 is generally associated with both short- and long-term complications. It can affect multiple organ systems and lead to severe or prolonged organ dysfunction, including the endocrine system. It also places a substantial burden on individuals and the health-care system. Therefore, providing up-to-date information for health-care providers is valuable. In this review, we aim to consolidate the current literature regarding the endocrine complications of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a particular focus on diabetes, calcium homeostasis, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, and gonadal disorders. Although current therapeutic approaches for COVID-19 are mainly limited to antivirals, symptomatic therapies, and supportive care, advances in understanding the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry and immune responses may support a more effective and personalized approach to clinical care.},
}

@article {pmid42836613,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, M and Wang, W and Chen, Z and Lu, L and Liu, Z and Jiang, S},
title = {Toward broad-spectrum coronavirus vaccines: navigating viral evolution from past epidemics to future resilience.},
journal = {Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0010025},
doi = {10.1128/mmbr.00100-25},
pmid = {42836613},
issn = {1098-5557},
abstract = {SUMMARYNewly emerged highly pathogenic coronavirus species, including SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, have successively triggered outbreaks worldwide over the past 25 years. Recently, several MERS-related coronaviruses have been identified from bats or pangolins. These viruses, along with previously found SARS-related coronaviruses, pose significant potential to infect humans and trigger pandemics. Therefore, it is necessary to develop broad-spectrum vaccines that can combat both currently circulating coronaviruses and those that may emerge in the future. Currently, approved COVID-19 vaccines provide strong protection against pre-Omicron variants, while their effectiveness against post-Omicron variants is reduced, and cross-protection against other potential coronaviruses remains limited. In the present review, we discuss vaccine research on SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV prior to the COVID-19 outbreak, as well as vaccine development following the outbreak. We also focus on strategies for developing broad-spectrum coronavirus vaccines and provide a perspective on future directions for coronavirus vaccine development.},
}

@article {pmid41847737,
year = {2026},
author = {Vanderauwera, J and Vanden Bempt, F and D'haenens, W and Leysen, H and Leclercq, AL and Van Eerdenbrugh, S},
title = {The effectiveness of telepractice for speech-language pathology intervention with children younger than 12 years: A meta-analysis.},
journal = {Journal of telemedicine and telecare},
volume = {32},
number = {9},
pages = {743-756},
doi = {10.1177/1357633X261426068},
pmid = {41847737},
issn = {1758-1109},
mesh = {Humans ; *Speech-Language Pathology/methods ; Child ; *Telemedicine ; Child, Preschool ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {BackgroundSince Coronavirus disease 2019, telepractice delivery has become increasingly integrated in the standard practice of speech-language pathologists and audiologists. It is therefore important to synthesize existing knowledge on this intervention modality. However, limited evidence exists regarding its use in children. This meta-analysis evaluated evidence on the effectiveness of telepractice compared to in-person intervention for children aged ≤ 12 years.MethodA systematic search was conducted for systematic reviews, meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials comparing telepractice and in-person intervention for children ≤12 years. Eight databases were searched: PsychINFO, Linguistics and Language Behaviour Abstracts, Education Resources Information Centre, Web of Sciences, PubMed, Embase, the Joanna Briggs Institute database, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature.ResultsSeven studies on speech-language pathology intervention met the inclusion criteria; no audiology studies could be included. Effect sizes were calculated for 31 outcomes reported across both conditions (telepractice and in-person intervention). Eight effect sizes were inverted, allowing all positive values to indicate favourable intervention outcomes. Overall, interventions resulted in moderate to high effects, with telepractice intervention resulting in equal or larger effect sizes compared to in-person intervention.ConclusionTelepractice intervention demonstrated outcomes comparable or better than in-person intervention across speech-language pathology subdomains. This applies to both child-related and caregiver-related outcomes, as well as for child-directed (typically for children ≥ 4 years) and caregiver-mediated approaches, where caregivers are trained to implement the strategies at home with their child. These findings suggest that telepractice intervention is an effective alternative to in-person intervention.},
}

Humans
*Speech-Language Pathology/methods
Child
*Telemedicine
Child, Preschool
COVID-19/epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid42432685,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhou, Z and Luo, B and Zhang, X and Li, Q and Huang, Y and Yang, Y and Qiu, H and Xue, M and Xie, J},
title = {Incidence, mortality and risk factors of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients during the COVID-19 era: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42432685},
issn = {1476-0711},
support = {2023ZD0506500//Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project/ ; 2024ZD0522700//Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project/ ; 82272210//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis/mortality/epidemiology ; *Critical Illness/mortality ; Risk Factors ; *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology/mortality ; Incidence ; Intensive Care Units ; Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Male ; Female ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) represents a growing threat to critically ill patients, with mortality rates exceeding 50%. The burden of IPA has been exacerbated during the COVID-19 era due to prolonged ICU stays and widespread use of immunosuppressive therapies. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize global evidence on the incidence, mortality, and risk factors of IPA in ICU patients.

METHODS: Observational studies reporting IPA incidence, mortality, or risk factors in ICU settings from their inception between November 1, 2019 to October 11, 2024 for eligible studies were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Meta-analyses were performed using R software to calculate pooled estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Multiple subgroup analysis was conducted.

RESULTS: Fifty-six studies involving 15,385 ICU patients (2,381 IPA cases) were included. The pooled incidence of IPA was 11.9% (95% CI: 9.7-14.6%). Subgroup analyses revealed higher incidence in mechanically ventilated patients (15.0%, 95% CI: 11.7-19.0%). Factors associated with an increased risk of IPA included male sex (OR = 1.29), smoking history (OR = 1.52), chronic lung diseases (OR = 1.30), chronic kidney disease (OR = 1.70), chronic liver disease (OR = 1.79), heart disease (OR = 1.20), malignant tumor (OR = 1.75), hematological malignancy (OR = 2.65), glucocorticoids use before ICU (OR = 2.13), immunosuppression (OR = 2.26), EORTC host factors (OR = 2.13), vasopressor use (OR = 3.28), mechanical ventilation (OR = 3.69), and renal replacement therapy (OR = 2.31). The overall mortality rate was 59.6% (95% CI: 55.0-64.0%), escalating to 61.9% in mechanically ventilated patients. Mortality-associated factors included age ≥ 65 years (OR = 2.85), ICU-administered glucocorticoids (OR = 1.95) and mechanical ventilation (OR = 1.93).

CONCLUSIONS: During the COVID-19 era, IPA remains a life-threatening complication in critically ill patients, particularly those with COVID-19, and is associated with immunosuppression, organ dysfunction, and invasive therapies. Our findings, predominantly reflecting CAPA epidemiology, generate the hypothesis that early screening in high-risk populations and tailored antifungal strategies warrant prospective evaluation to determine whether they improve outcomes.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: Ethical approval and patient consent were not required for this meta-analysis, as it was based on previously published studies. The protocol for this meta-analysis was registered on PROSPERO: International prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42025631579).},
}

Humans
*Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis/mortality/epidemiology
*Critical Illness/mortality
Risk Factors
*COVID-19/complications/epidemiology/mortality
Incidence
Intensive Care Units
Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects
SARS-CoV-2
Male
Female

@article {pmid42535313,
year = {2026},
author = {Farkouh, A and Seibly, E and Buell, MI and Jhang, D and Amasyali, AS and Okhunov, Z and Baldwin, DD},
title = {The Effect of Vitamin C Supplements on Urinary Stone Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Journal of endourology},
volume = {40},
number = {11},
pages = {1242-1253},
doi = {10.1177/08927790261471733},
pmid = {42535313},
issn = {1557-900X},
mesh = {*Ascorbic Acid/adverse effects/administration & dosage ; Humans ; *Dietary Supplements/adverse effects ; *Urinary Calculi/urine/epidemiology ; Calcium/urine ; Oxalates/urine ; COVID-19 ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: With the increased intake of vitamin C supplements during the COVID pandemic, physicians have reported an increase in stone incidence and complexity. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to study the effect of vitamin C supplements on urine parameters associated with stone formation.

METHODS: A comprehensive review was performed to retrieve relevant articles published from 1965 until February 2023. Studies were included if they were interventional studies investigating the effect of vitamin C supplements on 24-hour urinary parameters (oxalate, citrate, and calcium) in both stone formers (SFs) and nonstone formers (NSFs), compared with either baseline values or a placebo group. Meta-analyses were performed to calculate the mean difference (MD) measuring the effect of vitamin C supplements on these parameters.

RESULTS: The initial database search yielded 808 titles and after rigorous screening, nine studies were included. Pooled analysis revealed a significant increase in urinary oxalate after vitamin C supplementation compared with baseline (MD = 9.72 mg/24 h; p < 0.001). When compared with placebo, vitamin C also significantly increases urinary oxalate excretion (MD = 6.45 mg/24 h; p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses of both comparisons showed that vitamin C increases urinary oxalate in both SFs and NSFs (p < 0.05 for all). Analyses of studies reporting on 24-hour urinary citrate or calcium revealed no significant effect of vitamin C on either parameter.

CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin C supplements significantly increase urinary oxalate excretion in both SFs and NSFs. This may contribute to stone formation and may worsen stone presentation among those who consume these supplements.},
}

*Ascorbic Acid/adverse effects/administration & dosage
Humans
*Dietary Supplements/adverse effects
*Urinary Calculi/urine/epidemiology
Calcium/urine
Oxalates/urine
COVID-19

@article {pmid42830086,
year = {2026},
author = {Veretova, N and Samigullina, A and Baialieva, A and Abdyldaev, R and Muratbekova, B},
title = {PSYCHONEUROLOGICAL THERAPY FOR POST-COVID SYNDROME: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF METHODS AND CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS.},
journal = {Georgian medical news},
volume = {},
number = {376-377},
pages = {445-451},
pmid = {42830086},
issn = {1512-0112},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/psychology ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; *Depression/therapy/etiology ; *Anxiety/therapy/etiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Cognitive Dysfunction/therapy/etiology ; *Psychotherapy/methods ; Fatigue/therapy/etiology ; Sleep Wake Disorders/therapy/etiology ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Post-COVID syndrome has emerged as a major global health issue characterized by long-lasting psychoneurological symptoms, including cognitive impairment, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, and fatigue. These symptoms can persist regardless of the severity of the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection and often result in long-term functional limitations. The purpose of this review was to summarize current evidence on psychoneurological therapeutic approaches used to manage post-COVID syndrome and evaluate their clinical effectiveness.

METHODS: A structured literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and clinical reports published up to 2024 that examined pharmacological, psychotherapeutic, physical, complementary, or neuromodulation-based treatments for adults with persistent psychoneurological symptoms after COVID-19. The review followed standard ethical practices for narrative reviews; no new human or animal data were collected, and therefore ethical approval or CTRI registration was not required. Findings were synthesized narratively by therapy category.

RESULTS: The review identified consistent evidence supporting the efficacy of multiple therapeutic modalities. Pharmacological agents including SSRIs, SNRIs, anxiolytics, and nootropics reduced anxiety, depression, and cognitive dysfunction. Psychotherapeutic methods such as cognitive behavioral therapy, psychodynamic therapy, and mindfulness-based interventions improved emotional regulation and coping. Physical rehabilitation, aerobic exercise, and breathing practices enhanced endurance and reduced fatigue. Complementary approaches (e.g., acupuncture, massage) provided additional symptom relief. Neuromodulation techniques, including transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroconvulsive therapy, demonstrated benefits in treatment-resistant cases.

CONCLUSION: Psychoneurological therapy for post-COVID syndrome requires a multimodal approach that integrates pharmacological, psychological, physical, and neuromodulatory interventions. Current evidence suggests that individualized, combined strategies are most effective for improving cognitive, emotional, and functional outcomes. Further research is needed to optimize treatment protocols and evaluate long-term effectiveness.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications/psychology
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
*Depression/therapy/etiology
*Anxiety/therapy/etiology
SARS-CoV-2
*Cognitive Dysfunction/therapy/etiology
*Psychotherapy/methods
Fatigue/therapy/etiology
Sleep Wake Disorders/therapy/etiology
Treatment Outcome

@article {pmid42830637,
year = {2026},
author = {Plavina, S and Malakovska, D and Kalnina, J and Trapina, I and Leonova, E and Habib, M and Schifmann, S and Paramonovs, J and Sjakste, N and Vassetzky, Y and Drouet, E and Paramonova, N},
title = {Multiple Sclerosis and Viruses: « Liaisons Dangereuses ».},
journal = {Reviews in medical virology},
volume = {36},
number = {6},
pages = {e70212},
pmid = {42830637},
issn = {1099-1654},
support = {SARSTUBVAR//Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les Hépatites Virales/ ; 0088-2025-0010//IDB RAS Government basic research program/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Multiple Sclerosis/virology/immunology/etiology ; *Virus Diseases/complications/virology/immunology ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/pathogenicity/immunology ; Herpesviridae/pathogenicity/immunology ; Endogenous Retroviruses/pathogenicity/immunology ; Animals ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity/immunology ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; },
abstract = {Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex, multifactorial neurodegenerative disease with an aetiology that is still partially elusive. Several risk factors are associated with MS development including genetic predisposition and various environmental stressors; however, recently, viral infections have gained significant attention as a crucial environmental trigger. Despite the well-established link between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and MS susceptibility, a single-pathogen model fails to clearly characterise the molecular cascades driving the disease, suggesting that the transition from infection to autoimmune response involves more than one viral agent. In this review we examine the speculation that the interactions among different neurotropic viruses could serve a collective causative role in MS, which is under-researched in the literature at present. We summarise contradictory evidence on the role of different viral agents, including the Herpesviridae family (Human Cytomegalovirus, EBV, Herpes Simplex Viruses HSV-1 and HSV-2, and Varicella Zoster Virus), Paramyxoviridae family (Measles Virus and Rubella Virus), Influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, and Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs). Through interplay within shared molecular pathways, immune modulation, and activation of latent infections, these viruses may collectively influence the inflammatory and demyelinating processes that characterise MS. This review evaluates the etiological role of viral interplay in MS through the cumulative and interactive effects of these pathogens. The available epidemiological, immunological, and experimental data converge on the concept that viral co-exposures act synergistically to shape MS susceptibility in genetically predisposed individuals. Characterising these viral interactions presents a new research direction for the identification of novel biomarkers and the development of preventative strategies through the targeted control of viral networks.},
}

Humans
*Multiple Sclerosis/virology/immunology/etiology
*Virus Diseases/complications/virology/immunology
Herpesvirus 4, Human/pathogenicity/immunology
Herpesviridae/pathogenicity/immunology
Endogenous Retroviruses/pathogenicity/immunology
Animals
SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity/immunology
Genetic Predisposition to Disease

@article {pmid42831296,
year = {2026},
author = {Satkunam, S and Dimitriou, I and Shaikh, M},
title = {Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) for ICU-related psychological distress among adult intensive care survivors: a scoping review.},
journal = {European journal of psychotraumatology},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {2732465},
pmid = {42831296},
issn = {2000-8066},
mesh = {Humans ; *Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing/methods ; *Intensive Care Units ; *Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/therapy ; *Survivors/psychology ; *Critical Care/psychology ; *COVID-19/psychology ; *Psychological Distress ; Adult ; Depression/therapy ; Anxiety/therapy ; },
abstract = {Background: Psychological morbidity is common following admission to adult intensive care units (ICUs), with many patients experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression as part of post-intensive care syndrome. Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an established trauma-focused psychological therapy; however, its evidence base within critical care populations remains emerging.Objectives: This scoping review aimed to map the extent, characteristics, and findings of the available literature on the use of EMDR for ICU-related psychological distress.Methods: A scoping review was conducted in accordance with Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and reported following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The review aimed to systematically identify and synthesise evidence relating to the application and reported outcomes of EMDR in ICU survivors.Results: Seven publications representing six independent study populations were included. Participants included adult ICU patients experiencing PTSD symptoms, delirium-related psychological disturbances, and COVID-19-related distress. EMDR was delivered using either standard protocols or the Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol (R-TEP). Across the evidence base, EMDR was associated with reductions in trauma-related distress, although evidence for improvements in anxiety and depression was less consistent. Where qualitative data were available, participants additionally reported improved integration and processing of ICU experiences. Overall, methodological heterogeneity, overlapping samples, small sample sizes, and limited controlled evidence restrict the strength of conclusions that can be drawn.Conclusions: This review highlights growing but preliminary evidence supporting the feasibility and potential utility of EMDR, including R-TEP, for ICU-related psychological distress. While findings are promising, the current evidence base remains insufficient to determine effectiveness. Future research should prioritise adequately powered controlled studies, standardised outcome measures, longer-term follow-up, and more diverse ICU populations to strengthen the evidence base and inform clinical implementation.},
}

Humans
*Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing/methods
*Intensive Care Units
*Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/therapy
*Survivors/psychology
*Critical Care/psychology
*COVID-19/psychology
*Psychological Distress
Adult
Depression/therapy
Anxiety/therapy

@article {pmid39871573,
year = {2026},
author = {Thai, KM and Duong, CQ and Mai, TT and Le, MT and Tran, VT and Nguyen, PV and Tuong, LT},
title = {Achievements and Approaches in the Search for Small-Molecule Dengue NS2B/NS3 Inhibitors.},
journal = {Current medicinal chemistry},
volume = {33},
number = {14},
pages = {2721-2757},
pmid = {39871573},
issn = {1875-533X},
mesh = {*Viral Nonstructural Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; *Dengue Virus/drug effects/enzymology ; Humans ; Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism/chemistry ; Viral Proteases ; *Antiviral Agents/chemistry/pharmacology ; *Small Molecule Libraries/chemistry/pharmacology ; Dengue/drug therapy ; Nucleoside-Triphosphatase ; *Protease Inhibitors/chemistry/pharmacology ; RNA Helicases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases ; Animals ; Drug Discovery ; },
abstract = {With the escalation of viral infections in recent decades, including the COVID- 19 pandemic, viral infectious diseases have increasingly become a global concern, attracting significant attention. Among many viral epidemics, the dengue virus, an RNA virus from the Flaviviridae family, has been reported by the WHO as one of the most prevalent mosquito-borne diseases, infecting roughly 400 million people yearly and spreading across all continents worldwide. In the last two decades, researchers from academia and industry have diligently studied many aspects of the virus, including its structure, life cycle, potential therapeutic agents, and vaccines. Dengvaxia[®] and Qdenga[®], approved vaccines for DENV-4, have been a milestone in dengue prevention and treatment. However, these vaccines have some noticeable drawbacks, including Dengvaxia[®] being a monovalent vaccine against DENV-4 with a risk of severe dengue infection following the first use, Qdenga[®] being mainly effective for all 4 serotypes only in the cases of previously infected patients while being effective against only DENV-1 and DENV-2 in dengue-naïve patients. Additionally, no drug against dengue has been approved. Thus, numerous screening campaigns have been conducted on both natural and synthesized substances to search for anti-dengue agents, especially those targeting the virus's key protease (NS2B/NS3), to mitigate the dengue fever epidemic. As hit screening is only the first step in the drug discovery and development cycle, subsequent in-depth analyses (using a wide range of approaches from computational simulations to protein-ligand co-crystallization) have been conducted to provide more insights into the characteristics of optimal DENV NS2B/NS3 protease inhibitors. This review discusses recent discoveries in the search for novel inhibitors and highlights the importance of understanding the structural relationship between hits and the NS2B/NS3 protease for effective lead optimization.},
}

*Viral Nonstructural Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
*Dengue Virus/drug effects/enzymology
Humans
Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism/chemistry
Viral Proteases
*Antiviral Agents/chemistry/pharmacology
*Small Molecule Libraries/chemistry/pharmacology
Dengue/drug therapy
Nucleoside-Triphosphatase
*Protease Inhibitors/chemistry/pharmacology
RNA Helicases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
DEAD-box RNA Helicases
Animals
Drug Discovery

@article {pmid40910289,
year = {2026},
author = {Kumar, D and Gupta, V and Tanwar, R and Gupta, S},
title = {Needle-Free Future: Revolutionizing Immunization with Vaccine Creams.},
journal = {Recent advances in drug delivery and formulation},
volume = {20},
number = {3},
pages = {203-206},
pmid = {40910289},
issn = {2667-3886},
mesh = {Humans ; Animals ; Staphylococcus epidermidis/immunology/genetics ; *Vaccines/administration & dosage/immunology ; *Vaccination/methods ; *Skin Cream/administration & dosage ; Administration, Cutaneous ; },
abstract = {For centuries, injections have been the primary method for vaccination; however, these traditional approaches present challenges due to pain, fear, and difficulties in administration. Scientists from Stanford University have developed vaccine creams, representing a revolutionary approach to the field of vaccination. Genetically modified Staphylococcus epidermidis forms the basis of these cream products, which support skin-based, painless vaccination without invasive procedures, while playing an essential role in the immune response. Scientists using tetanus as a test subject have obtained positive data from animal studies demonstrating effective immune responses to vaccination, indicating potential future applications for treating diseases, such as influenza, COVID-19, and cancer. Vaccination creams outperform classic injections in several ways, as they eliminate needle-related concerns while reducing adverse reactions, streamlining mass vaccination programs, and making the delivery of immunizations simpler, especially for populations that lack regular access to healthcare. Several key barriers continue to hinder the development of vaccine creams, including regulatory hurdles, stability concerns, production scalability, and public acceptance. Research discusses how vaccine creams revolutionize immunization processes by improving treatment accessibility, affordability, and broader acceptance rates.},
}

Humans
Animals
Staphylococcus epidermidis/immunology/genetics
*Vaccines/administration & dosage/immunology
*Vaccination/methods
*Skin Cream/administration & dosage
Administration, Cutaneous

@article {pmid41220262,
year = {2026},
author = {Maideen, NMP and Jumale, AH and Albasti, AK and Abdul Kadir, DA and Alkhawalda, MY and Canani, M and Shokr, AF},
title = {Potential Benefits of Nigella sativa (Black Seeds) in the Management of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19)-Associated New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus (NODM): An Overview.},
journal = {Infectious disorders drug targets},
volume = {26},
number = {4},
pages = {e18715265400793},
doi = {10.2174/0118715265400793251021092651},
pmid = {41220262},
issn = {2212-3989},
mesh = {Humans ; *Nigella sativa/chemistry ; COVID-19/complications ; *Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy/etiology/virology ; *Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Seeds/chemistry ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Plant Extracts/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Blood Glucose/drug effects ; Phytotherapy ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; },
abstract = {After recovering from COVID-19, several patients experienced beta-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, pancreatic dysfunction, reduced insulin production, and New Onset Diabetes Mellitus (NODM). The purpose of this review was to examine the potential advantages of black seeds (Nigella sativa or N. sativa) in the treatment of post-COVID NODM. With a focus on pertinent publications, the literature search was carried out utilizing electronic databases such as Medline, PubMed, PMC, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and reference lists. Numerous RCTs, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses have established N. sativa's antidiabetic potential as well as its other pleiotropic effects, such as its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-COVID properties. Through a variety of possible mechanisms, N. sativa may reduce glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c), Postprandial Blood Glucose (PPBG), Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), and other indices. The longterm effects of N. sativa in the treatment of COVID-associated NODM should be investigated in future studies.},
}

Humans
*Nigella sativa/chemistry
COVID-19/complications
*Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy/etiology/virology
*Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology
Seeds/chemistry
SARS-CoV-2
*Plant Extracts/therapeutic use/pharmacology
Blood Glucose/drug effects
Phytotherapy
*COVID-19 Drug Treatment

@article {pmid41664366,
year = {2026},
author = {Macedo, BVS and Macedo, ES and Diniz, MC and Mendes, RL},
title = {Hydrazones as Potential Antimelanoma Prototypes: A Systematic and Patent Review.},
journal = {Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry},
volume = {26},
number = {14},
pages = {1312-1328},
pmid = {41664366},
issn = {1875-5992},
mesh = {Humans ; *Hydrazones/pharmacology/chemistry/therapeutic use ; *Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology/chemistry/therapeutic use ; *Melanoma/drug therapy/pathology ; Patents as Topic ; Animals ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; Molecular Structure ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Hydrazones are chemical compounds with the potential to inhibit various neoplasms, including melanoma, a highly metastatic and multidrug-resistant cancer. This study aimed to systematically review the literature and analyze patents to assess the potential of hydrazones as prototype anti-melanoma agents.

METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines (OSF registration: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/3AWR9), a systematic search was conducted in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Scopus for studies published from January 2019 to February 2024 using the terms "hydrazone" and "melanoma". Only original Englishlanguage studies with experimental evaluation of anti-melanoma activity, in vitro and/or in vivo, were included. Patent searches were also carried out in ESPACENET, WIPO, LENS, and Google Patents using the IPC code A61P35/00.

RESULTS: From 1,072 records, 35 articles met eligibility criteria. All studies reported in vitro anti-melanoma activity of hydrazones; however, none included in vivo assays. N-acylhydrazones were the most frequently investigated subclass, featured in 19 studies. The patent analysis identified 41 filings using the combined terms "hydrazone AND melanoma", with Google Patents accounting for the majority (29 filings).

DISCUSSION: Hydrazones, particularly N-acylhydrazones, showed significant in vitro activity and selectivity, surpassing traditional drugs like cisplatin in some cases. The limited number of patent filings might indicate difficulties with protecting intellectual property, including effects from the COVID-19 pandemic. However, methodological differences and the lack of in vivo data are still major challenges. This emphasizes the need for more consistent and applicable research.

CONCLUSION: Despite their potential, further studies are needed to validate hydrazones as a distinct class of antineoplastic agents.},
}

Humans
*Hydrazones/pharmacology/chemistry/therapeutic use
*Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology/chemistry/therapeutic use
*Melanoma/drug therapy/pathology
Patents as Topic
Animals
Cell Proliferation/drug effects
Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
Molecular Structure

@article {pmid42441796,
year = {2026},
author = {da Costa, ECR and Santana, RF and Rembold, SM and Sales, FM and Cavalcante, RB},
title = {Nursing Diagnosis "Maladaptive Coping with Infodemic": A Concept Analysis.},
journal = {International journal of nursing knowledge},
volume = {37},
number = {3},
pages = {466-479},
doi = {10.1177/20473087261443259},
pmid = {42441796},
issn = {2047-3095},
mesh = {*Adaptation, Psychological ; Humans ; Coping Skills ; *Nursing Diagnosis ; COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {ObjectivesTo analyze the concept of infodemic in health as a theoretical basis for proposing the nursing diagnosis "Maladaptive Coping with the Infodemic".MethodsA conceptual analysis guided by the Walker and Avant method was conducted, following the steps of identifying the uses of the concept, attributes, antecedents, consequences, empirical referents, and model and contrary cases. To construct the definitions, an integrative literature review was carried out in June 2024.ResultsThirty-three studies addressing the concept of infodemic in individual health were identified. The core elements of the concept include information overload, disinformation, misinformation, fake news. The antecedents include the pandemic, low educational level, low income, and low health literacy with depression identified as an associated condition. The consequences include incorrect health actions (e.g., refusal to vaccinate), risk-prone behaviors (e.g., lack of protective measures), anxiety, stress, fear, social isolation, and insomnia, substance abuse.ConclusionsThe proposed nursing diagnosis, "Maladaptive Coping with the Infodemic," provides a theoretical framework to support nurses in identifying behaviors and psychological impacts associated with misinformation and to guide targeted nursing interventions.},
}

*Adaptation, Psychological
Humans
Coping Skills
*Nursing Diagnosis
COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology

@article {pmid42546559,
year = {2026},
author = {Barone, MTU and Prates, EJS and Gomide, MHM and da Silva, TMR},
title = {Integrating vaccination into strategies to protect people living with noncommunicable diseases.},
journal = {Public health},
volume = {259},
number = {},
pages = {106430},
doi = {10.1016/j.puhe.2026.106430},
pmid = {42546559},
issn = {1476-5616},
mesh = {Humans ; *Noncommunicable Diseases/prevention & control/mortality ; *Vaccination ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Reducing premature mortality from noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is a global priority under Sustainable Development Goal target 3.4. Individuals with NCDs face increased risks of severe outcomes from common infections.

STUDY DESIGN: Short communication examining the role of vaccination as an underutilized strategy to protect people living with NCDs.

METHODS: We reviewed evidence on the interactions between infectious diseases and NCDs and examined the potential contribution of vaccination to reducing adverse health outcomes among high-risk populations.

RESULTS: Vaccination against influenza, pneumococcal disease, COVID-19, and other pathogens reduces hospitalizations, complications, and mortality among people living with NCDs. However, vaccination remains insufficiently integrated into NCD prevention and management frameworks.

CONCLUSIONS: Strengthening the integration of vaccination into NCD strategies could reduce avoidable morbidity and mortality and support progress toward global NCD targets.},
}

Humans
*Noncommunicable Diseases/prevention & control/mortality
*Vaccination
COVID-19/prevention & control
Influenza, Human/prevention & control

@article {pmid42649099,
year = {2026},
author = {, and Kassardjian, CD and Desai, U and Živković, SA and Simmons, Z and Narayanaswami, P},
title = {It's Virtually Here: Telemedicine, Virtual Care, and Neuromuscular Disease.},
journal = {Muscle & nerve},
volume = {74},
number = {5},
pages = {1318-1327},
doi = {10.1002/mus.70382},
pmid = {42649099},
issn = {1097-4598},
mesh = {Humans ; *Neuromuscular Diseases/therapy/diagnosis ; *Telemedicine/trends ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Digital Health ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic forced a partial shift in neuromuscular clinical practice away from in-person care to remote means. However, this shift was unexpected, abrupt, reactive to the emergency of a pandemic, and disruptive to the usual manner of care, without adequate time to adapt or study the optimal manner to provide care remotely. While traditionally associated with hub-and-spoke telemedicine models, the pandemic popularized direct-to-home virtual care, mostly unsupported by on-site examiners or standardized platforms. In chronic neuromuscular disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and myasthenia gravis (MG), virtual care has demonstrated feasibility, patient satisfaction, and potential cost savings, particularly for geographically or functionally disadvantaged populations. Disease-specific adaptations such as the Myasthenia Gravis Core Exam and wearable-based assessments (e.g., home spirometry, grip strength monitoring, and digital outcome measures) have enabled more structured remote evaluations. However, diagnostic accuracy may be compromised by the inability to perform detailed neurological examinations or electrodiagnostic studies. Equity concerns persist due to variability in digital literacy, internet and digital device access, and socioeconomic status. Post-pandemic, patients with disabilities may continue to benefit in a combined virtual/in-person paradigm of care. More evidence is required to evaluate the impact of virtual care on neuromuscular practice quality of care and outcomes. We outline some of the questions that require further study, hoping to spur research and quality improvement investigations of these new care models.},
}

Humans
*Neuromuscular Diseases/therapy/diagnosis
*Telemedicine/trends
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Digital Health
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid42827462,
year = {2026},
author = {Huang, P and Sun, X and Peng, J and Tian, W},
title = {ADAMTS13 as a thromboinflammatory brake at the vascular-immune interface: from viral immunothrombosis to the tumor microenvironment.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1922929},
pmid = {42827462},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *ADAMTS13 Protein/metabolism/immunology ; *Tumor Microenvironment/immunology ; *Neoplasms/immunology ; von Willebrand Factor/metabolism/immunology ; Animals ; *COVID-19/immunology ; *Thromboinflammation/immunology ; Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic/immunology ; *Thrombosis/immunology ; },
abstract = {ADAMTS13 is conventionally regarded as the protease whose severe deficiency causes thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). By cleaving shear-unfolded ultra-large and high-molecular-weight von Willebrand factor (VWF), ADAMTS13 limits a platelet- and leukocyte-adhesive vascular scaffold. We propose a narrower and testable extension of this biology to cancer: an imbalance between VWF burden and ADAMTS13 processing capacity may act as a context-dependent modifier or amplifier of thromboinflammation in selected VWF-rich, shear-exposed tumor vascular niches, but is not established as an initiating or universally rate-limiting cause of cancer-associated thrombosis. We define "relative ADAMTS13 insufficiency" as a research phenotype rather than a diagnosis or evidence of causality. It refers to ADAMTS13 activity outside the severe-deficiency range, typically ≥10%, together with increased VWF burden and a disproportionately low ADAMTS13 activity/VWF antigen ratio (ADAMTS13:Act/VWF: Ag). This phenotype is mechanistically nonspecific and may reflect increased VWF release, impaired whole-molecule VWF clearance, reduced ADAMTS13 production, stability, or availability, functional inhibition of proteolysis, reduced VWF susceptibility to cleavage, or shared upstream inflammation. Human evidence from COVID-19 and cancer remains predominantly associative, whereas tumor-relevant perturbation studies provide preclinical causal support in defined models. The causal importance of the VWF-ADAMTS13 axis in human tumors nevertheless remains unproven. We therefore position this module within a broader thromboinflammatory network that includes complement activation, neutrophil extracellular traps, platelet activation, and tissue factor-thrombin-fibrin pathways. ICI-associated endothelial phenotypes are distinguished from rare ICI-associated immune TTP with categorical severe ADAMTS13 deficiency. Candidate interventions are accordingly presented as mechanistic research nodes requiring staged validation rather than as established oncology therapies.},
}

Humans
*ADAMTS13 Protein/metabolism/immunology
*Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
*Neoplasms/immunology
von Willebrand Factor/metabolism/immunology
Animals
*COVID-19/immunology
*Thromboinflammation/immunology
Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic/immunology
*Thrombosis/immunology

@article {pmid42827737,
year = {2026},
author = {Mansur, MA and Oddo, VM},
title = {The Triple Burden of Malnutrition among Children and Adolescents in Indonesia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Current developments in nutrition},
volume = {10},
number = {9},
pages = {109515},
pmid = {42827737},
issn = {2475-2991},
abstract = {Children and adolescents in Indonesia are experiencing the triple burden of malnutrition (TBM), resulting from an increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity paired with persistent undernutrition and anemia. The extent to which the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) further exacerbated TBM within this group, because of lifestyle changes and increased food insecurity, has not been well documented. This narrative review aimed to fill that gap by exploring components of TBM (i.e., undernutrition, anemia, and overweight and obesity), its determinants (e.g., diet), and related nutrition policies and programs among school-aged children and adolescents in Indonesia during the pandemic. We reviewed a total of 10 peer-reviewed articles published between 2021 and 2025 on children and adolescents' nutrition status and TBM-related determinants. Results suggested that during COVID-19, children and adolescents in Indonesia experienced a high prevalence of undernutrition, overweight and obesity, and anemia. Most children and adolescents also faced higher levels of food insecurity and lower physical activity. The implementation of online learning halted several school-based nutrition programs, including iron‒folic acid supplementation. Nutrition-sensitive programs, such as conditional cash transfers and food assistance, were poorly distributed and contained processed foods, respectively. Nevertheless, some positive changes were also observed, including innovations in the delivery of nutrition education. Dietary changes were mixed. Although some reported a higher consumption of deep-fried foods and snacks, more frequent vegetable consumption and less frequent consumption of sugary drinks were also reported. Future research is needed to understand the mixed findings related to dietary changes and how this contributes to TBM in Indonesia at the national level. Additionally, it is crucial to strengthen children and adolescent nutrition policies and programs that target TBM simultaneously.},
}

@article {pmid42828219,
year = {2026},
author = {Amsalu, E and Yeshambaw, M and Jirata, D},
title = {Impact of COVID-19 on TB and HIV/AIDS severity in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.},
journal = {Dialogues in health},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {100349},
pmid = {42828219},
issn = {2772-6533},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Beyond its profound health, social, and economic consequences, COVID-19 poses a serious threat to the management of tuberculosis (TB) and HIV/AIDS. However, empirical evidence remains limited. This study evaluates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on TB and HIV/AIDS service delivery across low- and middle-income countries.

METHODS: This systematic review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021266242). Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched databases-including PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, and CINAHL-for studies on TB and HIV/AIDS services published between January 1, 2019, and January 8, 2024. A random-effects model calculated pooled relative risks to evaluate overall TB/HIV outcome severity, and subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate regional risk variations.

RESULTS: In low- and middle-income countries, non-TB patients with COVID-19 had a lower risk of severe outcomes compared to those with TB (pooled OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.60-0.83). Conversely, HIV patients with COVID-19 faced an increased risk of severe disease (pooled RR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.45-2.19). By region, the pooled OR for severe COVID-19 in patients with TB was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.63-1.08) in Asia and 0.64 (95% CI: 0.51-0.79) in Africa. For HIV patients with COVID-19, the risk of severe disease was 1.73 (95% CI: 1.38-2.18) in Asia and 1.98 (95% CI: 1.26-3.10) in Africa.

CONCLUSION: In low- and middle-income countries, COVID-19 patients with underlying conditions were significantly more likely to experience severe outcomes than those without comorbidities. Furthermore, the pandemic severely disrupted fragile health systems in these regions, exacerbating the burden of tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS.},
}

@article {pmid42828225,
year = {2026},
author = {Kłodnicka, K and Januszewski, J and Tyczyńska, M and Teresińska, B and Trzaskacz, P and Forma, A and Flieger, J and Baj, J},
title = {Viral triggers of Guillain-Barré syndrome: implications for laboratory diagnostics.},
journal = {Biochemia medica},
volume = {36},
number = {3},
pages = {030502},
pmid = {42828225},
issn = {1846-7482},
mesh = {Humans ; *Guillain-Barre Syndrome/virology/diagnosis/etiology/immunology ; COVID-19/complications ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; *Virus Diseases/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Biomarkers/blood ; Autoantibodies/immunology ; },
abstract = {Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a leading cause of acquired acute neuromuscular paralysis and is an immune-mediated disorder of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Accumulating evidence indi-cates that GBS is often preceded by infectious events that trigger autoimmune responses through mechanisms such as molecular mimicry and autoantibody production. Campylobacter jejuni remains the most common bacterial agent, but viral pathogens also contribute to the development of GBS. This review summarizes the current evidence regarding viruses as triggers of GBS, including herpes-viruses, hepatotropic viruses (A, B, C, and E), human immunodeficiency virus, Zika virus, influenza virus, varicella-zoster virus, and the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Emphasis is placed on laboratory test results related to viral GBS, including antiganglioside antibodies, serological markers of recent in-fection, molecular diagnostic methods, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. From the standpoint of la-boratory medicine, both the clinical diagnosis and the distinction of GBS subtypes can be supported by the identification of recent viral infections and the detection of immunological biomarkers. How-ever, cross-reactivity, extended antibody persistence, and inadequate assay standardization frequently make it difficult to interpret laboratory test results. In patients with probable viral GBS, this review shows the diagnostic significance and limitations of routine laboratory testing. It also highlights the significance of close coordination between laboratory professionals and clinicians.},
}

Humans
*Guillain-Barre Syndrome/virology/diagnosis/etiology/immunology
COVID-19/complications
Clinical Laboratory Techniques
*Virus Diseases/complications
SARS-CoV-2
Biomarkers/blood
Autoantibodies/immunology

@article {pmid42828520,
year = {2026},
author = {Modesto, HC and Modesto, LC and Castanho, LC and Pereira, LJM and Norte, RSG and Pereira, JAC and Andriolo, RB},
title = {Noninvasive Neuromodulation Techniques in the Recovery of Olfactory Dysfunction in Long COVID: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.neurom.2026.08.006},
pmid = {42828520},
issn = {1525-1403},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Long COVID is a multisystemic condition in which olfactory disorders are among the most prevalent manifestations. Noninvasive neuromodulation has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for post-COVID sequelae. This systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the available evidence on neuromodulation for olfactory improvement in patients with Long COVID.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and/or MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception through January 22, 2026, in accordance with Preferred Reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines. Studies were eligible if they included patients with Long COVID undergoing any noninvasive neuromodulation modality for olfactory disturbances and had a control group. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane risk of bias 2 tool for randomized controlled trials and the risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions tool for nonrandomized intervention studies. A Bayesian random-effects meta-analysis was performed using the brms package in R, with risk ratios (RRs) and 95% credible intervals (CrIs) as effect measures.

RESULTS: A total of four studies were included, using heterogeneous neuromodulation modalities. The pooled RR for complete olfactory recovery (normosmia) was 1.59 (95% CrI, 0.41-6.28), with a 73.9% posterior probability of benefit (RR > 1); however, the CrI included the null value. For clinically meaningful olfactory improvement, the pooled RR was 2.20 (95% CrI, 0.63-7.52), with an 88.8% posterior probability of benefit, although the interval marginally included the null value. Sensitivity analyses using wider priors yielded substantially different estimates, indicating that the results were prior-dependent. No serious adverse events were reported across the studies.

CONCLUSIONS: The available evidence suggests a possible favorable direction of effect of noninvasive neuromodulation on olfactory dysfunction in Long COVID, but the certainty is very low. These findings should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating. Larger trials using standardized olfactory testing and prespecified stimulation protocols are warranted before any clinical recommendations can be made.},
}

@article {pmid42828827,
year = {2026},
author = {Austin, AE and Hergenrother, LC and Honaker, SJ and Shanahan, ME and Chandler, CE},
title = {The impact of social safety net policies on mental health and suicide outcomes in the United States: A scoping review.},
journal = {Social science & medicine (1982)},
volume = {409},
number = {},
pages = {119895},
doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2026.119895},
pmid = {42828827},
issn = {1873-5347},
abstract = {Existing evidence indicates that there are reciprocal relationships between economic insecurity and poor mental health and suicidal behavior. In the United States, prior research shows that state and federal policies that increase social safety net program benefits or eligibility contribute to improved economic security. Thus, these policies may affect mental health and suicide outcomes. The aim of this scoping review was to synthesize the state of the evidence on the impact of state and federal social safety net policies on mental health, suicidal behavior, and suicide death. Of 64 identified studies, state or federal social safety net policies examined included those specific Earned Income Tax Credits (EITC; N = 14), minimum wage (N = 11), paid family or sick leave (N = 9), the 2021 Child Tax Credit (CTC; N = 8), the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP; N = 6), unemployment insurance benefits (N = 5), Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF; N = 3), economic stimulus payments (N = 2) and eviction moratoriums (N = 2) during the COVID-19 pandemic, and multiple programs (N = 4). Most studies examined a single policy (N = 60), and more studies examined mental health outcomes (N = 53) than suicide outcomes (N = 15). Most studies that examined state or federal EITC, paid family or medical leave, the 2021 CTC, SNAP, TANF, unemployment insurance benefit, COVID-19 economic impact payment, and COVID-19 eviction moratorium policies found decreases in at least one measure of poor mental health, suicidal behavior, or suicide death. Studies that examined state minimum wage policies had mixed results. This body of research can be used to inform current policy debates and advance evidence-driven policymaking.},
}

@article {pmid42829141,
year = {2026},
author = {Lu, D and Liao, H and Hannan, AJ},
title = {Paternal infections and immune activation program offspring neurobehavior in a sex-dependent manner.},
journal = {Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews},
volume = {191},
number = {},
pages = {107018},
doi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.107018},
pmid = {42829141},
issn = {1873-7528},
abstract = {Preconception immune challenges in fathers are increasingly recognized as biologically meaningful determinants of offspring neurodevelopment, behavior, and immunity. However, the field still lacks a unifying framework to explain the recurrent sex dependence of these inherited outcomes. Here, we synthesize evidence across paternal infection and immune activation paradigms, including SARS-CoV-2 infection, parasitic infection, fungal infection, polymicrobial sepsis, and pathogen mimic-induced models of immune activation. We treat offspring sex as a central organizing variable rather than a secondary feature. Across models, inherited effects may be male biased, female biased, or shared but expressed in different physiological domains, arguing against a single narrative of male vulnerability or female resilience. Causal sperm RNA studies after paternal viral and parasitic infection support a transmission-versus-decoding framework in which germline signals can be shared while developmental interpretation diverges between male and female offspring. Evidence from paternal stress, metabolic disturbance, and toxicant exposure reveals related patterns of sperm epigenetic remodeling and sex-biased offspring outcomes, suggesting that similar transmission and developmental decoding mechanisms may operate across diverse paternal exposures. We further integrate evidence that paternal immune challenges differ in immune polarity, producing offspring immune priming in some models and tolerization in others, often with sex-dependent strength and direction. Finally, we discuss candidate mechanisms of sex-specific decoding, including placental dimorphism, hormone-immune interactions, and sex chromosome biology, and outline priorities for future studies combining longitudinal sperm profiling with sex-stratified embryonic, placental, behavioral and immune phenotyping.},
}

@article {pmid42829647,
year = {2026},
author = {Sica, R and Catamerò, F and Foti Randazzese, S and Galletta, F and Licari, A and Marseglia, GL and Mori, F and Poto, R and Pulvirenti, F and Ricci, S and Giovannini, M and Manti, S},
title = {Exploring the Potential Benefits of Biologic Therapies Beyond Respiratory Allergy.},
journal = {ImmunoTargets and therapy},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {624173},
pmid = {42829647},
issn = {2253-1556},
abstract = {Severe pediatric asthma is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease that is most commonly driven by type 2 (T2) inflammation. Because respiratory viral infections are the leading triggers of asthma exacerbations in children, this review examines the effects of biologic therapies on infection-related outcomes and antiviral immune function, beyond their established role in asthma control. We conducted a structured narrative review of literature published from January 2000 through February 2026 using PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library databases. Studies evaluating infection-related outcomes and immune effects of biologic therapies in pediatric asthma were analyzed. Available evidence consistently indicates that biologics have favorable infectious safety profiles without increasing the risk of serious or opportunistic infections. Anti-IgE therapy (omalizumab) showed the strongest evidence of direct immunomodulatory effects, including restoration of interferon-mediated antiviral responses and reduction of virus-triggered asthma exacerbations. Anti-IL-5 and anti-IL-5 receptor therapies have corticosteroid-sparing effects and preserve immune competence despite eosinophil depletion. Dupilumab and tezepelumab similarly provide sustained efficacy and stable safety profiles without increasing infectious burden. Real-world evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic further indicates that biologic-treated children do not have greater susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection or more severe disease. Overall, biologic therapies appear to provide targeted immunomodulation rather than broad immunosuppression, preserving host defense while controlling severe pediatric asthma. These findings suggest that biologic therapies may positively influence immune competence beyond asthma control, with implications for infection susceptibility and antiviral defense. Further prospective pediatric studies with standardized endpoints and long-term follow-up are needed to define their immunological impact and optimize precision-medicine strategies.},
}

@article {pmid41140075,
year = {2026},
author = {Adhikary, K and Barman, S and Chowdhury, SR and Ganguly, K and Mohanty, S and Gupta, M and Mukherjee, T and Dhua, R and Banerjee, P and Maiti, R},
title = {Emerging Vector-Borne Nipah Virus Infection: Unexplored Hazards, Diagnostic Challenges, and the Potential of Phytomedicine-Based Therapeutics.},
journal = {Current pharmaceutical design},
volume = {32},
number = {32},
pages = {2662-2688},
pmid = {41140075},
issn = {1873-4286},
mesh = {Humans ; *Nipah Virus/drug effects/genetics ; Animals ; *Henipavirus Infections/drug therapy/diagnosis/epidemiology ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; *Phytochemicals/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; *Phytotherapy ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Millions of people have died from zoonotic illnesses, like COVID-19 and Nipah virus infection (NiV), throughout history. Fruit bats (Pteropus sp.) are the main reservoir host for NiV, an RNA virus belonging to the Henipavirus group, which causes extremely infectious illnesses, such as COVID- 19. NiV outbreaks have posed significant public health concerns, especially in South and Southeast Asia. The Nipah virus (NiV) infection is caused by a virus that belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family's Henipavirus genus. It is the source of zoonosis, which causes respiratory and neurological symptoms.

METHODS: This study has reviewed the epidemiology, pathophysiology, genetic diversity, and phylogenetics of NiV. It has explored NiV's clinical features, cellular monitoring, infection factors, and the virus' reservoir host.

RESULTS: Phylogenetic analysis has identified two circulating NiV lineages. Additionally, the study has examined the role of phytochemicals in combating viral infections. Despite the absence of a focused therapy for COVID-19, phytochemicals have been investigated for their potential antiviral properties. Evidence suggests that plants and their components may possess resistance against NiV by modulating the immune system and inhibiting viral replication.

DISCUSSION: The investigation into plant-derived compounds has offered a novel direction for NiV treatment, potentially enhancing viral resistance through immune modulation. Continued research on natural antivirals could bridge current gaps in therapeutic options for emerging zoonotic diseases.

CONCLUSION: The study has highlighted the transmission risk, detection challenges, and the potential of phytochemicals in managing NiV infections. The therapeutic potential of plants and their antiviral properties offer promising insights into future treatments for serious viral diseases, like NiV.},
}

Humans
*Nipah Virus/drug effects/genetics
Animals
*Henipavirus Infections/drug therapy/diagnosis/epidemiology
*Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology
*Phytochemicals/therapeutic use/pharmacology
COVID-19/diagnosis
*Phytotherapy

@article {pmid42635998,
year = {2026},
author = {Chung, TH and Raj, SR},
title = {Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS): A Review.},
journal = {JAMA},
volume = {336},
number = {13},
pages = {1149-1164},
doi = {10.1001/jama.2026.14809},
pmid = {42635998},
issn = {1538-3598},
mesh = {Humans ; *Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome/diagnosis/therapy/epidemiology/physiopathology/complications/drug therapy ; Adolescent ; Female ; Prevalence ; Young Adult ; Quality of Life ; Male ; Child ; },
abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a chronic autonomic disorder characterized by excessive orthostatic tachycardia and multisystem symptoms that affects an estimated 0.1% to 1% of the US population. POTS can substantially impair daily functioning and quality of life.

OBSERVATIONS: Consensus criteria define POTS by chronic symptoms of orthostatic intolerance accompanied by a sustained heart rate increase of at least 30 beats/min (≥40 beats/min in adolescents aged 12-19 years) within 10 minutes of standing or head-up tilt from a supine position in the absence of orthostatic hypotension, defined as a decrease in either systolic blood pressure of at least 20 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure of at least 10 mm Hg with positional change. POTS symptoms may include palpitations, lightheadedness, nausea, vomiting, gastroparesis, anorexia, generalized weakness, and muscle pain, despite absence of structural pathology within cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and neurological organs. POTS predominantly affects females (approximately 90% of cases), with peak incidence from ages 13 to 29 years. However, the true prevalence remains uncertain partly due to underrecognition and lack of a specific diagnostic code for POTS until 2022. Common symptoms include lightheadedness, palpitations, fatigue, cognitive dysfunction ("brain fog"), exercise intolerance, nausea, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, and sleep disturbance. In a survey of 4835 patients, approximately 70% reported substantial functional impairment and loss of school or work participation, and median diagnostic delay was 24 months. In 30% to 40% of cases, symptoms began within 3 months after infections, such as SARS-CoV-2, Epstein-Barr virus, and influenza. Initial evaluation should exclude other conditions that cause sinus tachycardia, including thyroid disease, adrenal insufficiency, pheochromocytoma, cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease, chronic lung disease, medication effects (eg, stimulants, norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and diuretics), anemia, and dehydration. First-line treatment includes nonpharmacological strategies to improve cardiac preload, including increased fluid and sodium intake, lower-body compression garments; avoidance of heat exposure, dehydration, and prolonged standing; and structured supervised aerobic training. Pharmacological therapies should be individualized and may include β-blockers, ivabradine, midodrine, fludrocortisone, and pyridostigmine, although evidence supporting many therapeutic interventions is limited by small studies and lack of large, randomized trials.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: POTS is a chronic autonomic disorder associated with functional impairment and reduced quality of life that is diagnosed based on characteristic orthostatic symptoms in the absence of orthostatic hypotension after excluding alternative causes of sinus tachycardia. Treatment involves nonpharmacological measures (such as increased fluid and sodium intake), lower-body compression garments, structured exercise training, and individualized pharmacological therapy.},
}

Humans
*Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome/diagnosis/therapy/epidemiology/physiopathology/complications/drug therapy
Adolescent
Female
Prevalence
Young Adult
Quality of Life
Male
Child

@article {pmid42826220,
year = {2026},
author = {Bhuiya, S and Shuvo, TA and Hassan, MZ and Aleem, MA and Mamun, GMS and Zakaria, AFM and Rahman, M and Chowdhury, F},
title = {The Impermanence of Public Health Gains-Lessons Learned from Measles Resurgence, Bangladesh, 2026.},
journal = {Emerging infectious diseases},
volume = {32},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3201/eid3211.261019},
pmid = {42826220},
issn = {1080-6059},
abstract = {The global resurgence of measles is a major public health concern. After the success of its Expanded Programme on Immunization, Bangladesh experienced a measles resurgence in 2026. The country faced major setbacks after measles vaccination coverage declined because of political instability, discontent among field-level staff, change in procurement policy, COVID-19-related service disruptions, and delayed supplementary immunization campaigns. During March 15-September 13, 2026, Bangladesh reported 170,638 suspected and 20,006 confirmed measles cases, including 919 deaths among suspected and 100 deaths among laboratory-confirmed cases. The outbreak disproportionately affected unvaccinated and underimmunized children. Political turmoil during 2024-2025 disrupted vaccine procurement, delayed mass vaccination campaigns, weakened the health workforce, and compromised financial and logistic continuity. Simultaneously, disruptions in vitamin A supplementation and worsening child malnutrition amplified disease severity. To prevent future resurgence, immunization programs must be depoliticized, supported by buffer vaccine stocks, strengthened through microlevel surveillance, and integrated with nutrition and primary healthcare services.},
}

@article {pmid42827170,
year = {2026},
author = {Fazekas, A and Grasmuk-Siegl, E and Moser, D},
title = {Serum cholinesterase as a prognostic marker in respiratory critical illness: a narrative review.},
journal = {Wiener klinische Wochenschrift},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42827170},
issn = {1613-7671},
abstract = {Prognostication in respiratory critical care rests largely on composite severity scores derived from mixed medical, surgical or sepsis populations. Serum butyrylcholinesterase (pseudocholinesterase) is a liver-synthesized plasma enzyme, a negative acute-phase reactant and an established index of hepatic synthesis and nutrition, and has re-emerged as a candidate prognostic biomarker in critical illness. A direct cytokine-driven mechanism is inferred, not demonstrated, and whether the circulating enzyme modulates the cholinergic anti-inflammatory axis is unproven. This narrative review synthesizes the evidence across community-acquired pneumonia, acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute respiratory failure including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A reproducible inverse association between enzyme activity and mortality or disease severity emerges, but it rests on small, mostly retrospective single-center studies with heterogeneous assays and data-derived thresholds. The review therefore asks one decisive question, almost never addressed in respiratory cohorts: whether the enzyme adds information beyond albumin and established severity scores, judged by incremental discrimination and reclassification. On that test it is a consistent signal in search of methodological rigour rather than an established independent marker. Prospective, setting-specific and adequately adjusted validation is required before clinical adoption, capturing the activity nadir and the slope of any recovery, whose prognostic role is untested. Mislabelling could influence decisions on escalation and limitation of treatment.},
}

@article {pmid42432664,
year = {2026},
author = {Chandak, A and Chandak, P and Patil, A and Varma, R},
title = {Digital health literacy among university students: a systematic review of global trends, determinants, measurement, and the literacy-to-intervention gap.},
journal = {BMC public health},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42432664},
issn = {1471-2458},
mesh = {Humans ; *Health Literacy/trends/statistics & numerical data ; *Students/statistics & numerical data/psychology ; Universities ; Digital Health ; Evidence Gaps ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: University students interact with the complexities of public health knowledge in digital environments. Digital health literacy (DHL), in this regard, is crucial as an upstream skill for ensuring safe, inclusive, and knowledgeable health care engagement among university students where mis-information, algorithm amplification, and AI-based content exist.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review synthesizes global evidence on DHL among university students. It examines measurement approaches, socio-demographic determinants, online health information-seeking behaviours, mental health and well-being correlates, and the gap between literacy assessment and tested university-based interventions.

METHODS: This systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 guidance. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for peer-reviewed studies indexed up to March 31, 2024; backward and forward citation tracking was updated to January 2025 to capture directly related empirical papers. Two reviewers independently performed screening, data extraction, and quality appraisal using design-appropriate tools: JBI for analytical cross-sectional studies, CASP for qualitative evidence, and AMSTAR 2-informed criteria for review-derived or pilot evidence. Because of heterogeneity in design, instruments, and outcomes, findings were synthesized narratively and thematically.

RESULTS: Twenty-one studies met the eligibility criteria. Most were cross-sectional studies conducted during or after the COVID-19 pandemic. Five themes were identified: DHL as a competence for appraising online health information; socioeconomic, gender, health-status, and contextual determinants of DHL; associations with mental health, well-being, fear, and sense of coherence; measurement heterogeneity and psychometric maturation; and a persistent literacy-to-intervention gap.

CONCLUSION: DHL is a relevant competency for Health Promoting Universities, but the current evidence base remains dominated by descriptive self-report and cross-sectional designs. Future research should prioritize longitudinal studies, objective task-based competence assessment, and theory-driven intervention trials embedded within campus health systems, library infrastructures, and digital mental health pathways. The future research must focus on conducting longitudinal research, assessing task-based competency objectively, and testing theory-based interventions that operate through campus health systems, library infrastructure, and pathways for digital mental health.},
}

Humans
*Health Literacy/trends/statistics & numerical data
*Students/statistics & numerical data/psychology
Universities
Digital Health
Evidence Gaps

@article {pmid42545025,
year = {2026},
author = {Portaccio, I and Piastra, M and Spadaro, S and Ferrone, G and Zito Marinosci, G and Moggia, S and Chidini, G and Bitondo, MM and Bonanomi, E and Visconti, F and Tipo, V and Maglione, M and Giannattasio, A and Morena, TC and Picconi, E and Tosi, F and Mensi, S and Chioffi, M and Lecci, F and Genovese, O and Conti, G and Spinazzola, G},
title = {Necrotizing pneumonia in children: a comprehensive narrative review of current challenges and future perspectives.},
journal = {Minerva anestesiologica},
volume = {92},
number = {9},
pages = {890-903},
doi = {10.23736/S0375-9393.26.19635-7},
pmid = {42545025},
issn = {1827-1596},
mesh = {Humans ; Child ; *Pneumonia, Necrotizing/diagnosis/therapy/epidemiology/etiology ; Community-Acquired Pneumonia ; COVID-19/complications/epidemiology ; Forecasting ; },
abstract = {Necrotizing pneumonia (NP) represents an uncommon but severe complication of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children, characterized by the destruction of lung parenchyma and formation of multiple thin-walled cavities. Despite its rarity, the incidence of pediatric NP has increased substantially over the past two decades, creating major diagnostic and treatment challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic has further altered the epidemiological landscape, with unique patterns of respiratory pathogen circulation. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on pediatric necrotizing pneumonia through a comprehensive literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for articles published between January 1994 and January 2025. Search terms included "necrotizing pneumonia," "necrotising pneumonia," and "cavitary pneumonia" paired with "child," "pediatric," or "paediatric," along with specific terms for etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. We included English-language original research articles, systematic reviews, and case series with at least 10 patients. Streptococcus pneumoniae continues to dominate as the primary pathogen, accounting for 30-60% of cases, though the emergence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae as a major cause in Asia, with macrolide resistance exceeding 85%, presents new therapeutic challenges. Diagnostic approaches have evolved significantly, with lung ultrasound demonstrating comparable accuracy to CT (κ=0.85) while avoiding radiation exposure. Novel biomarkers including presepsin, copeptin, and fetuin-A show promise for early detection and prognostication. Treatment outcomes remain encouraging, with most cases (80%) successfully managed conservatively using prolonged antibiotics for a median duration of 28 days. Surgery is reserved for specific complications, and long-term outcomes are favorable with normal pulmonary function in 80-90% of children at one-year follow-up. While pediatric necrotizing pneumonia remains a serious condition, recent advances in non-invasive diagnostics, biomarker development, and understanding of post-pandemic epidemiology offer opportunities for improved outcomes. Future research should focus on validating AI-powered diagnostic tools, optimizing antimicrobial therapy in the era of resistance, and establishing evidence-based surgical intervention criteria. The integration of lung ultrasound as a radiation-free diagnostic modality represents a paradigm shift in pediatric pneumonia management.},
}

Humans
Child
*Pneumonia, Necrotizing/diagnosis/therapy/epidemiology/etiology
Community-Acquired Pneumonia
COVID-19/complications/epidemiology
Forecasting

@article {pmid42824475,
year = {2026},
author = {Ibrahim, MA and Zaib, A and Asif, T and Dengel, A and Posma, J and Ruf, W and Asim, MN},
title = {Computational identification of B- and T-cell epitopes: a unified task taxonomy and review of databases, datasets, predictive pipelines, and gaps.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1873135},
pmid = {42824475},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {*Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology ; Humans ; *Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/immunology ; Immunoinformatics ; Artificial Intelligence ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; COVID-19/immunology ; Computational Biology/methods ; Epitope Mapping ; Prediction Algorithms ; },
abstract = {The immune system leverages B and T cells to recognize specific molecular patterns, known as epitopes, on pathogens and cancer cells to effectively combat infections and diseases. The critical success of immunotherapies in cancer treatment and COVID-19 vaccine development has established precise epitope identification as a central and rapidly growing priority in therapeutic design. Because traditional wet-lab based identification of B- and T-cell epitopes is expensive and timeconsuming, our systematic literature search (2015-2026) identified 148 Artificial Intelligence (AI) based linear B-cell, conformational B-cell, and T-cell epitope prediction models within the stated search scope. However, the true potential of these models remains unclear due to fragmented evaluation practices, with models rarely tested across a comprehensive range of datasets, insufficient comparison with existing predictors, systematic under-utilization of available public databases, and other methodological inconsistencies across five different stages of the predictive pipeline. Moreover, the 7 existing review papers fail to adequately highlight these research gaps or to support the development of robust AI models. This review paper consolidates the computational landscape of B-cell and T-cell epitope recognition and introduces a unified taxonomy that organises the field into twelve prediction tasks: linear and conformational B-cell prediction together with ten T-cell subtasks (T1-T10) that span the antigen-recognition cascade from human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing to vaccine design. It analyses these twelve tasks across five major stages of a shared predictive pipeline. Within this taxonomy, the recognition sub-tasks (T1-T7) apply to the epitopes of any antigen, whereas neoantigen identification (T8) and tumor T-cell antigen (TTCA) classification (T9) are oncology-specific translational applications and multi-epitope vaccine design (T10) spans infectious-disease and cancer targets. It systematically examines 155 studies published from 2015 to 2026 to perform comprehensive categorization of 43 dedicated epitope/immunology databases, 144 benchmark datasets, 272 representation learning approaches, 148 classifiers, 54 evaluation and optimization approaches, and 148 predictive models accessibility status across all twelve prediction tasks. Additionally, it highlights persistent challenges across each stage of the predictive pipeline and offers key directions for improvement. This comprehensive analysis provides actionable recommendations for developing more robust, generalizable epitope predictors, and it ultimately accelerates the translation of computational predictions into effective immunotherapies against diverse diseases.},
}

*Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
Humans
*Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
Immunoinformatics
Artificial Intelligence
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
T-Lymphocytes/immunology
COVID-19/immunology
Computational Biology/methods
Epitope Mapping
Prediction Algorithms

@article {pmid42824498,
year = {2026},
author = {Bansal, S and Jakhetiya, A and Managutti, A and Rai, M},
title = {Understanding the Interplay: A Descriptive Synthesis of COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis in Diabetic Patients.},
journal = {Journal of maxillofacial and oral surgery},
volume = {25},
number = {5},
pages = {1622-1632},
pmid = {42824498},
issn = {0972-8279},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) emerged as a severe and often fatal complication, particularly among patients with diabetes mellitus. The increase in invasive fungal infections has been strongly linked to diabetes, COVID-19-related immune dysregulation, hyperglycaemia, and widespread corticosteroid use. This systematic review provides a descriptive synthesis of the relationship between COVID-19, mucormycosis, and diabetes, focusing on epidemiology, clinical features, management, and outcomes.

METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library was conducted for studies published between 1 April 2020 and 30 November 2025. Studies reporting CAM in diabetic patients were included. Eligible designs comprised case reports, case series, and observational studies. Study selection followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and findings were synthesized qualitatively, with stratification by evidence level (case reports/series vs. cohort and cross-sectional studies).

RESULTS: Thirty-six studies met the inclusion criteria. Diabetes was present in most CAM cases, with poor glycaemic control and diabetic ketoacidosis frequently reported. Corticosteroid therapy was identified as a major contributing factor. Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis was the most common presentation. Early antifungal treatment, surgical debridement, and strict glycaemic control were associated with improved outcomes, whereas delayed diagnosis and cerebral involvement were linked to increased mortality. Approximately 40% of the included studies were case reports or case series (Level 4 evidence), necessitating cautious interpretation of findings.

CONCLUSION: Diabetes significantly influences the development and outcomes of CAM. Judicious corticosteroid use, optimal glycaemic control, early diagnosis, and multidisciplinary management are essential to reduce morbidity and mortality. Although conclusions are limited by the predominance of lower-level evidence, consistent patterns highlight diabetes and corticosteroid exposure as major risk factors.},
}

@article {pmid42824842,
year = {2026},
author = {Chen, N and Zhang, B and Chen, X and Zhang, H and Yu, Z},
title = {Non-coding RNAs: master regulators in the battle between host antiviral defense and viral replication.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1908472},
pmid = {42824842},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *Virus Replication/genetics/immunology ; *RNA, Untranslated/genetics/immunology ; *Virus Diseases/immunology/genetics/virology ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology/genetics ; Immunity, Innate ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Viral infectious diseases pose serious threats to global public health. Host non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, and vtRNAs, act as master regulators of host antiviral defense and viral replication. Current studies on ncRNA-virus interactions are generally fragmented, and most reviews focus on a single virus or a single class of ncRNAs, without combining ncRNA expression dynamics with their biological functions for systematic collation. Herein, we establish a novel four-category classification framework based on ncRNA expression patterns and functional characteristics upon viral infection. To counteract viral infections, the host dynamically modulates the expression of distinct ncRNAs to target proviral host factors, host restriction factors, other ncRNAs, micropeptides, and lipids, thereby orchestrating antiviral innate immune signaling pathways, viral replication cycles, autophagy, apoptosis, metabolic reprogramming, and stress granule formation to establish a multilayered antiviral defense system. Concurrently, representative viruses posing severe threats to global public health, including IAV, DENV, HCV, ZIKV, HIV-1, and SARS-CoV-2, have evolved sophisticated strategies to hijack host ncRNA networks and antagonize host antiviral defenses. This review systematically summarizes and elaborates the conserved regulatory principles of various ncRNAs in the host antiviral response, clarifies the molecular mechanisms by which viruses hijack and antagonize host ncRNAs, further refines the theoretical framework of host ncRNA-virus interactions centered on viral replication regulation, discusses the future research directions under this system, and thus provides a theoretical basis for the development of host ncRNA-based antiviral drugs.},
}

Humans
*Virus Replication/genetics/immunology
*RNA, Untranslated/genetics/immunology
*Virus Diseases/immunology/genetics/virology
*Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology/genetics
Immunity, Innate
Animals

@article {pmid42825909,
year = {2026},
author = {Eslami, Z and Mirghani, SJ and Eghbal Moghanlou, A and Ghaderi, M},
title = {The Role of Circulating Therapeutic MicroRNAs in Pulmonary and Muscular Function in Post-COVID-19 Athletes.},
journal = {Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology},
volume = {25},
number = {Sup 11},
pages = {21-27},
doi = {10.18502/ijaai.v25is11.22480},
pmid = {42825909},
issn = {1735-5249},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/physiopathology/genetics ; *Athletes ; *Circulating MicroRNA/blood ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; *Exercise/physiology ; *Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism/physiopathology ; *Lung/physiopathology/metabolism ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; *MicroRNAs/blood ; },
abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 infection causes significant acute and long-term morbidity, including persistent pulmonary and muscular dysfunction in athletes. Physical exercise alters circulating microRNA (miR) profiles, and specific microRNAs have documented roles in inflammation, immune regulation, muscle metabolism, and regeneration. This study characterizes circulating microRNAs relevant to COVID-19 pathogenesis and post-viral recovery, including miR-155, miR-146a, the let-7 family, miR-21, miR-424, miR-1, miR-133, miR-499, miR-208, miR-486, and miR-22, and examines how different exercise modalities may modulate these microRNAs to support pulmonary and muscular function in post-COVID-19 athletes. miR-155 and miR-146a are highlighted as modulators of innate and adaptive inflammatory signaling and as mediators of cytokine responses implicated in severe COVID-19. Moreover, several microRNAs, such as miR-21, miR-155, miR-146a, and the let-7 family, converge on NF-κB and related pathways, linking altered miR expression to immune dysregulation and cytokine-driven tissue injury. Additionally, muscle-enriched and metabolism-associated microRNAs regulate myogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, and key metabolic pathways (PGC-1α, AMPK, mTOR)-processes essential for muscle repair, endurance recovery, and respiratory muscle support after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Different types of exercise produce distinct miR signatures; notably, moderate-intensity exercise consistently promotes anti-inflammatory and pro-repair miR patterns. We emphasize the therapeutic potential of moderate-intensity exercise as a non-pharmacological strategy to regulate miR expression, reduce cytokine-mediated damage, and support functional recovery in post-COVID-19 athletes. To our knowledge, this is the first study to link exercise-driven miR changes with functional pulmonary and muscular recovery in athletic populations recovering from COVID-19, supporting moderate-intensity exercise as a promising strategy for rehabilitation and performance restoration.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/physiopathology/genetics
*Athletes
*Circulating MicroRNA/blood
*SARS-CoV-2
*Exercise/physiology
*Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism/physiopathology
*Lung/physiopathology/metabolism
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
*MicroRNAs/blood

@article {pmid42825912,
year = {2026},
author = {Sowti, R and Najafipour, F and Ghaffarzadeh Rad, S and Ghorbani, H and Amirazad, H},
title = {Associations between Inflammatory Markers, Micronutrients, and Disease Severity in COVID-19 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.},
journal = {Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology},
volume = {25},
number = {Sup 11},
pages = {28-43},
doi = {10.18502/ijaai.v25is11.22481},
pmid = {42825912},
issn = {1735-5249},
mesh = {Humans ; *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology/blood/complications ; *COVID-19/immunology ; *Micronutrients/blood ; Biomarkers/blood ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severity of Illness Index ; Cytokines/blood ; *Inflammation/immunology ; Zinc/blood ; C-Reactive Protein ; },
abstract = {The management of treatment strategies in COVID-19 is critical, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes. Non-enzymatic glycation of transmembrane protease serine 2 and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 during COVID-19 in patients with diabetes may exacerbate immune dysregulation and inflammation. Elevated inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, and IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 have been observed in COVID-19 patients. This review aims to assess the relationship between inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein, and micronutrients (vitamins D and C, zinc, and copper) with the severity of COVID-19 infection in patients with type 2 diabetes. A narrative review was conducted through a comprehensive literature search of English-language articles published between 2000 and 2025. The databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, the ISI Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase. Search terms included COVID-19, infections, type 2 diabetes mellitus, interleukins, and micronutrients. English-language scientific articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses were included, while studies lacking sufficient information, letters, comments, and editorials were excluded. Evidence suggests that immune-boosting components such as proteins, vitamins, and minerals can enhance immunity to infections. Vitamins D and C, zinc, and copper play supportive roles in immune function, potentially modulating the inflammatory response in COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes. High levels of inflammatory cytokines correlate with increased disease severity in this population. Understanding the interplay between inflammatory markers and micronutrients may guide improved therapeutic strategies for managing COVID-19 in diabetic patients. Further research is warranted to clarify these relationships and optimize clinical outcomes.},
}

Humans
*Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology/blood/complications
*COVID-19/immunology
*Micronutrients/blood
Biomarkers/blood
SARS-CoV-2
Severity of Illness Index
Cytokines/blood
*Inflammation/immunology
Zinc/blood
C-Reactive Protein

@article {pmid42824280,
year = {2026},
author = {Lal, B and Naik, D and Alagarsamy, R and Sharma, S},
title = {Custom-Made Subperiosteal Implant-Assisted Rehabilitation in Post COVID-19 Rhino-orbital Mucormycosis Defects: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Journal of maxillofacial and oral surgery},
volume = {25},
number = {5},
pages = {1539-1548},
pmid = {42824280},
issn = {0972-8279},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Custom-made subperiosteal dental implants (CMSDIs) have shown potential as a reconstructive solution for rehabilitating maxillary defects following post-COVID-19 rhino-orbital mucormycosis (PCROM). This systematic review evaluates the clinical outcomes of CMSDIs in such defects.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, and the Cochrane Library for studies published through March 2025. Data regarding patient demographics, implant materials, design techniques, surgical approaches, prosthetic rehabilitation, and postoperative complications were extracted. A descriptive analysis of the included studies was performed.

RESULTS: A total of seven studies (two case series and five case reports) were published between 2022 and 2024, involving 46 patients (aged 30-67 years). All studies were from India. The software used for planning and designing included Mimics[®](n = 2), Exocad(n = 1), and Geomagic(n = 1). Titanium implants were used, milled(N = 1), and 3D printed(N = 6). CMSDI placement was performed between 6 and 12 months post-surgery in 93.47% (43/46). Abutments were cement retained(n = 41) and screw-retained(n = 5). Rehabilitation was performed immediately(n = 20), < 1 month(n = 2), 1 to 4 months(n = 22), and after 4 months(n = 1). The overall complication rate was 26.08%(12/46), and complications were prosthetic-related (66.66%,8/12), surgical (25%, n = 3), and implant-related (8.33%, n = 1). Follow-up duration ranged from three to 12 months.

CONCLUSION: CMSDIs demonstrate potential as a reconstructive option for PCROM defects, with a complication rate of 26.08%, predominantly prosthetic-related. However, the evidence remains preliminary, derived exclusively from case reports and case series with short follow-up and restricted to Indian populations, limiting generalizability. Well-designed multi-center prospective trials are urgently required to validate long-term effectiveness and comparative advantages of CMSDIs.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: Prospero No: CRD420251022490.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-026-03111-8.},
}

@article {pmid42824417,
year = {2026},
author = {Akbarzadeh, A and Razeghian, M and Hajiabadi, F and Dehghan, P and Ahmadi-Mazhin, S and Eshaghzadeh, M and Poursadeqiyan, M and Shabestan, R},
title = {Effectiveness and Safety of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (Paxlovid) Versus Remdesivir in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Retrospective Studies.},
journal = {Health science reports},
volume = {9},
number = {10},
pages = {e73316},
pmid = {42824417},
issn = {2398-8835},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIM: Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) and remdesivir are antiviral agents that have been widely used in the management of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to compare the clinical effectiveness and safety outcomes of Paxlovid and remdesivir among patients with COVID-19.

METHODS: A systematic search was performed across the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, and medRxiv from inception to July 2024. Data from the identified studies were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software.

RESULTS: Thirteen studies involving 4583 patients were included in the final analysis. Compared with remdesivir, Paxlovid was associated with a significant reduction in mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.18-0.73), time to SARS-CoV-2 negative conversion (standardized mean differences [SMD] = -1.44, 95% CI: -1.54 to -1.33), hospitalization (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.16-0.74), intensive care unit admission (OR = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.01-0.53), and the need for oxygen therapy (OR = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.02-0.16). No statistically significant difference was observed between the two treatments regarding polymerase chain reaction negativity rate (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 0.73-2.86). However, adverse events were higher among patients receiving Paxlovid (OR = 6.60, 95% CI: 3.24-13.42). The certainty of evidence for the evaluated outcomes ranged from low to moderate.

CONCLUSION: In patients with COVID-19, Paxlovid may offer potential benefits over remdesivir for certain clinical outcomes, though it may also be accompanied by a higher rate of adverse events. These findings are based on retrospective studies, which carry risks of selection bias, confounding, and heterogeneity.},
}

@article {pmid42594440,
year = {2027},
author = {Li, L and Liu, F and He, X and Yuan, D and Hao, S and Wang, L and Li, X and Mao, B},
title = {Recent advances in lateral flow immunoassay for virus detection: current achievements, challenges and future prospects.},
journal = {Talanta},
volume = {312},
number = {Pt B},
pages = {130402},
doi = {10.1016/j.talanta.2026.130402},
pmid = {42594440},
issn = {1873-3573},
mesh = {Immunoassay/methods/trends ; Humans ; Rapid Diagnostic Tests ; Point-of-Care Testing ; *Viruses/isolation & purification ; *COVID-19/diagnosis ; },
abstract = {Infectious diseases continue to pose significant global public health challenges, highlighting the urgent need for rapid, accessible, and scalable diagnostic strategies. Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), characterized by its rapid response, low cost, and instrument-free operation, has been widely adopted for infectious disease detection. However, it is still predominantly regarded as a point-of-care testing (POCT) tool, while its broader role in public health systems remains underappreciated. In this review, LFIA is repositioned as a point-of-need (PoN) self-testing platform with the potential to enable large-scale screening, which is critical for epidemic surveillance and pandemic preparedness. We systematically summarize recent advances in LFIA from three key perspectives: (i) signal generation and transduction strategies based on diverse nanomaterials, including colorimetric, fluorescent, magnetic, SERS, and photothermal systems; (ii) multimodal and multiplex detection approaches for improving sensitivity, accuracy, and throughput; and (iii) the integration of machine learning (ML) for signal interpretation and system optimization. In addition, we comprehensively review the applications of LFIA in detecting viral antigens, antibodies, and nucleic acids. Finally, the current limitations of LFIA, including sensitivity constraints, target specificity, and practical challenges related to cost, usability, and stability, are critically discussed. Future development directions are proposed, emphasizing advanced nanomaterials, intelligent data processing, and multi-target detection strategies. Overall, this review highlights the transformative potential of LFIA, particularly colorimetric LFIA, as an emergency pandemic screening tool, as well as its growing significance in routine decentralized testing and strengthening global public health preparedness.},
}

Immunoassay/methods/trends
Humans
Rapid Diagnostic Tests
Point-of-Care Testing
*Viruses/isolation & purification
*COVID-19/diagnosis

@article {pmid42816812,
year = {2026},
author = {Krishnan, H and Gadikota, P and Gue, S and Wallen, M},
title = {Global research trends in violence against emergency department healthcare workers.},
journal = {International journal of emergency medicine},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42816812},
issn = {1865-1372},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Violence in emergency departments (EDs) threatens healthcare worker safety, workforce well-being, and the quality of patient care. This study characterized the growth, geographic distribution, influential contributors, and thematic evolution of research addressing violence in ED settings, with particular emphasis on healthcare workers.

METHODS: A bibliometric analysis was conducted using the Web of Science Core Collection. The search was performed on June 16, 2026, and included publications from 1984 to 2026. Records were analyzed descriptively and mapped with VOSviewer to examine publication output, subject categories, journals, authors, countries, co-authorship patterns, keyword co-occurrence, and highly cited publications. Reporting was guided by the BIBLIO recommendations.

RESULTS: The search identified 1,074 publications. Annual output increased substantially after 2020 and peaked at 113 publications in 2025. Nursing and emergency medicine were the leading subject categories, and the Journal of Emergency Nursing was the most productive journal. The United States contributed 498 publications, followed by Australia and China. Gloria Gillespie was the most productive author. Network analyses demonstrated a dense workplace-violence and healthcare-worker-safety core alongside partially distinct clusters related to behavioral health, substance use, intimate partner violence, agitation management, and COVID-19. Collaboration between major thematic communities appeared limited.

CONCLUSIONS: Research on violence in ED settings has expanded rapidly, particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic. The literature remains concentrated in high-income countries and is dominated by descriptive and prevalence-focused work. Future research should prioritize multicenter intervention studies, implementation science, cross-disciplinary collaboration, and greater representation of low- and middle-income settings.},
}

@article {pmid42819314,
year = {2026},
author = {Penberthy, WT and Vorwaller, CE},
title = {The importance of power in photobiomodulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of high-intensity laser therapy.},
journal = {Frontiers in integrative neuroscience},
volume = {20},
number = {},
pages = {1914223},
pmid = {42819314},
issn = {1662-5145},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT; ≤ 0.5 W) is guideline-recommended in the United States for shallow-tissue oral mucositis and other superficial pathologies but has generally failed in trials for deeper tissue conditions due to limited penetration and subtherapeutic dosing. By contrast, Class IV high-intensity laser therapy (HILT; ≥ 0.5-80 W), typically at ∼100-fold higher power, has proven successful for many of these deeper tissue indications.

METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Database for Class IV HILT trials published from 2018 to April 2026, classifying interventions as effective when they showed large effect sizes (Cohen's d > 0.8).

RESULTS: Across 105 included studies (n = 2,710 HILT; n = 2,925 controls), no serious adverse events were reported. HILT reduced pain in all randomized trials of knee (k = 27), spine/neuromuscular (k = 20), shoulder/arm (k = 20), and wounds (k = 2), with > 90% showing large effect sizes. Additional benefits were observed in disorders of the feet (k = 13), hand/wrist (k = 8), face/jaw (k = 7), osteoporosis (k = 2), endometriosis, coronary artery disease, cognitive impairment, fibromyalgia, COVID-19, and obesity. HILT yielded durable analgesia, with large VAS pain reductions at end of treatment, < 3-month, and ≥ 3-month follow-ups (SMD -0.98, -1.18, and -1.01; k = 50, 19, and 21, respectively). Functional outcomes improved consistently, including range of motion (92%; k = 26), functional performance (84%; k = 57), and quality of life (85%; k = 25). Structural and physiological changes were observed, including increased knee cartilage thickness, reduced rotator cuff tear size, weight loss, and improved nerve conduction. Comparative trials showed HILT produced greater pain reduction than LLLT in 13/13 studies, all with large effect sizes. Mean HILT power was 9.3 W (median 10.0; range 0.5-30), and mean power density was 19.5 W/cm[2] (median 10; range 0.1-52.5).

CONCLUSION: Class IV high-intensity laser therapy appears effective and safe for durable pain reduction across deep-tissue musculoskeletal pathologies, supporting its recognition in clinical practice and coverage by payers as a valuable therapeutic option. Further multicenter trials are needed to refine treatment protocols.

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251021772, identifier CRD420251021772.},
}

@article {pmid42819921,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, N and Lan, X and Zhong, J and Fan, X and Xing, Y and Dang, S and Wang, Z},
title = {Persistent socio-demographic inequalities in depression among older adults in China during and after COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1929179},
pmid = {42819921},
issn = {2296-2565},
mesh = {Humans ; China/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; *Depression/epidemiology ; Socioeconomic Disparities in Health ; Aged ; Female ; Prevalence ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Middle Aged ; Male ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine socio-demographic inequalities in depressive symptoms among older adults in China during and after the COVID-19 pandemic and assess whether these inequalities remained stable or changed over time.

METHODOLOGY: This systematic review and meta-analysis followed PRISMA guidelines. Nine English and Chinese databases were searched from 1 January 2020 to 15 June 2026. Eligible studies were conducted among community-dwelling adults aged ≥60 years in mainland China, used probability sampling and standardized measures of depressive symptoms, and reported cross-sectional data. Study quality was assessed using the 11-item Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality checklist. Potential publication bias was assessed using Begg's and Egger's tests and trim-and-fill analysis. Year-stratified prevalence and pooled odds ratios (ORs) were estimated for disparities by gender, marital status, urban-rural residence, living arrangement and educational attainment.

RESULTS: Seventy-nine studies involving 199,116 older adults from 21 provincial-level regions were included; 52 studies were rated as high quality and 27 as moderate quality, with none rated as low quality. Pooled prevalence fluctuated across investigation years, from 16.6% (95% CI 12.1-22.4) in 2022 to 22.9% (95% CI 18.3-28.3) in 2024-2025, with substantial between-study heterogeneity (overall I[2] = 99.55%). Higher odds of depressive symptoms were observed among women, unmarried older adults, rural residents, those living alone and those with lower educational attainment. The largest disparities were related to education (OR 1.693, 95% CI 1.388-2.060), living arrangement (OR 1.671, 95% CI 1.437-1.945) and marital status (OR 1.652, 95% CI 1.467-1.860). Year-level analyses suggested limited temporal variation overall: marital-status-related inequality showed a small upward trend, whereas living-arrangement-related inequality showed a non-significant tendency toward attenuation. No broad systematic restructuring was observed.

CONCLUSION: Depressive symptoms among older adults in China fluctuated across the pandemic and post-pandemic periods, while socio-demographic inequalities remained broadly stable. Major public health disruption appeared more likely to expose and prolong pre-existing inequalities than fundamentally reshape them in the short term. These findings provide a useful comparative reference for understanding mental health vulnerability in aging societies facing public health emergencies.

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42025642200; identifier: CRD42025642200.},
}

Humans
China/epidemiology
*COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology
*Depression/epidemiology
Socioeconomic Disparities in Health
Aged
Female
Prevalence
Socioeconomic Factors
Middle Aged
Male

@article {pmid42820600,
year = {2026},
author = {Costa, ARD and Pedrotti, CHS and Accorsi, TAD},
title = {Artificial Intelligence in Telemedicine: philosophical, ethical, and epistemological dimensions of a transforming practice.},
journal = {Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil)},
volume = {24},
number = {spe1},
pages = {eAE2371},
doi = {10.31744/einstein_journal/2026AE2371},
pmid = {42820600},
issn = {2317-6385},
mesh = {Humans ; *Artificial Intelligence/ethics ; *Telemedicine/ethics ; COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; *Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Algorithms ; Betacoronavirus ; Generative Artificial Intelligence ; },
abstract = {In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine has evolved from a contingency-based alternative into a structural pillar of healthcare delivery, increasingly being integrated with artificial intelligence. Algorithms for triage, clinical decision support, remote monitoring, and generative language models now actively participate in medical care. This integration is more than just functional; it reorganizes the foundational aspects of medicine-ontological, ethical, and epistemological-by redefining what qualifies as valid knowledge, who has legitimate authority, and how care is organized when an algorithmic agent facilitates the clinical interaction. This article critically examines the emergence of the patient-clinician-algorithm triad in telemedicine, and analyzes its implications for autonomy, informed consent, epistemic trust, privacy, justice, responsibility, and the phenomenology of care. It argues that the future of medicine will not be human or algorithmic but human-algorithmic, provided clinical judgment, explainability, and moral responsibility remain central.},
}

Humans
*Artificial Intelligence/ethics
*Telemedicine/ethics
COVID-19
Pandemics
SARS-CoV-2
*Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology
*Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology
Algorithms
Betacoronavirus
Generative Artificial Intelligence

@article {pmid42820844,
year = {2026},
author = {Tunney, E and Kane, D and Geary, M},
title = {When doctors falter: Resilience in modern obstetrics and gynecology, a narrative review.},
journal = {International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics},
volume = {175},
number = {1},
pages = {86-92},
pmid = {42820844},
issn = {1879-3479},
support = {//NA/ ; },
mesh = {Obstetrics/trends ; Gynecology/trends ; Humans ; *Burnout, Professional/epidemiology/psychology ; *Gynecologists/psychology/supply & distribution ; *Obstetricians/psychology/supply & distribution ; *Resilience, Psychological ; Working Conditions/psychology ; },
abstract = {The practice of obstetrics and gynecology (O&G) is frequently regarded as one of the most demanding medical specialties, with physicians being called to duty at any hour of the day or night, with acute patient demands requiring prompt management. Consequently, high levels of physician burnout and psychological distress have been reported among O&G healthcare professionals, with these challenges further compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the prevalence of mental health difficulties, many healthcare professionals do not seek out professional intervention and support. Within O&G, trainees appear vulnerable, with studies reporting significant rates of stress, anxiety, depression, and burnout. These mental health challenges contribute to reduced job satisfaction, increased intentions to leave specialist training programs, and growing concerns regarding physician attrition and workforce retention. In this context, physician resilience (i.e., the ability to excel in the face of adversity) emerges as an area worthy of exploration. This narrative review explores the multifaceted emotional and practical elements of physician resilience and grit in contemporary obstetrics and gynecology practice. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland library database, employing terms related to physician wellbeing, burnout and interventions specifically related to obstetrics and gynecology. Inclusion criteria were limited to full text, English-language articles published within the past 10 years to ensure relevance to contemporary practice. The review examines the interrelationship between physician burnout, mental health challenges among O&G trainees, and their impact on attrition rates. We aim to highlight the need for practical interventions at institutional levels with consideration of environmental/workplace factors, which might improve physician wellbeing and grit, strengthen workforce retention, and ultimately optimize patient care.},
}

Obstetrics/trends
Gynecology/trends
Humans
*Burnout, Professional/epidemiology/psychology
*Gynecologists/psychology/supply & distribution
*Obstetricians/psychology/supply & distribution
*Resilience, Psychological
Working Conditions/psychology

@article {pmid42822767,
year = {2026},
author = {Jana, S and Hoogenboom, R},
title = {Poly(2-oxazoline)s and poly(2-oxazine)s: An overview of stealth properties, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity.},
journal = {Advanced drug delivery reviews},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {115975},
doi = {10.1016/j.addr.2026.115975},
pmid = {42822767},
issn = {1872-8294},
abstract = {For over four decades, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) has been the undisputed gold standard for conferring stealth properties to nanomedicines and polymer therapeutics. However, the widespread presence of pre-existing anti-PEG antibodies in the general population, which was intensified by recent mRNA COVID-19 vaccination campaigns, has exposed critical immunological liabilities, including accelerated blood clearance, hypersensitivity reactions and reduced therapeutic efficacy. Poly(2-oxazoline)s, particularly poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (PMeOx) and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx), have emerged as promising PEG alternatives. Their hydrolytically stable amide backbone, absence of ether oxygens (key recognition motifs for anti-PEG antibodies), tunable hydrophilicity, chemical versatility, tailor-made properties and excellent antifouling characteristics position them as ideal stealth candidates. This review discusses the progress that has been made on poly(2-oxazoline)s as alternative to PEG by discussing the state-of-the-art in poly(2-oxazoline) stealth/antifouling properties, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity, structured by polymer type, namely PMeOx, PEtOx, and other polymers, such as chiral poly(2-oxazoline)s and poly(2-oxazine)s. This review aims to give an overview of the current status, which can be used as starting point for getting acquainted with poly(2-oxazoline)s as PEG-alternatives for those new to the field and as source of inspiration for future research in the area.},
}

@article {pmid42823699,
year = {2026},
author = {Lewandrowski, LS and Klingelhöfer, D and Brüggmann, D and Groneberg, DA},
title = {Post-traumatic stress disorder: outline and updated insights focusing on occupational factors.},
journal = {Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England)},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42823699},
issn = {1745-6673},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a stress-related disorder associated with substantial psychological distress and functional impairment, and it carries major relevance for occupational health because it frequently follows traumatic exposure in both high-risk professions and occupations not traditionally classified as high risk. This narrative review focuses on occupational risk factors, prevalence, work capacity, and implications for workers' compensation and return to work.

METHODS: A non-systematic (narrative) literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar for English- and German-language articles, with supplementary hand-searching of reference lists and institutional/guideline sources (e.g., WHO, AWMF). No protocol was registered, consistent with conventions for narrative reviews. Reporting follows the general principles of the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA), the checklist commonly used to appraise this review type, rather than PRISMA, which applies to systematic reviews.

RESULTS: Occupational risk is particularly elevated in military service (including soldiers and veterans), public safety and disaster management, and occupations with structurally frequent severe incidents (e.g., transport, construction, industrial production), while unpredictable bystander events can also trigger PTSD in occupations not traditionally classified as high risk settings. Risk is shaped by trauma type, severity, and recurrence, as well as pre-traumatic, peri-traumatic, and post-traumatic factors. Prevalence varies substantially by context and is not directly comparable across studies, which differ markedly in population, exposure severity, diagnostic method, and assessment period. With this caveat, particularly high burden is reported in conflict-affected populations, healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, and trauma-exposed occupational groups such as military personnel, police officers, paramedics, train drivers, construction workers and industrial workers. Established treatments (trauma-focused psychotherapy, with pharmacotherapy as an adjunct) are distinct from early post-event interventions such as screening and Psychological First Aid, which aim to prevent chronicity rather than treat established illness. Routine single-session debriefing is not supported by the evidence. Occupational medicine must also address work capacity, return to work, compensation, and rehabilitation, since symptomatic improvement does not necessarily restore functional ability.

CONCLUSION: Stronger workplace prevention, early screening after traumatic exposure, organizational support, and clearer compensation and return-to-work pathways are needed to reduce the long-term occupational consequences of PTSD. Evidence specifically comparing treatment of occupational versus non-occupational PTSD remains limited, and prevalence estimates should be interpreted in light of substantial heterogeneity across the underlying studies.},
}

@article {pmid42823741,
year = {2026},
author = {Siebner, AS and Rubio-Casillas, A and Raszek, M and Cowley, D and Fabrowski, M and Piscopo, M and Brogna, C and Uversky, VN and Redwan, EM and Genova, SN},
title = {Beyond correlation and causation: epistemic caution, anomalous findings, and COVID-19 vaccine safety.},
journal = {Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42823741},
issn = {1747-5341},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; *Causality ; BNT162 Vaccine/adverse effects ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic exposed science's adaptive strengths and epistemic limits. In fact, in the pandemic, mRNA vaccines are attributed to have saved millions of lives. The maxim "correlation does not imply causation" is an essential safeguard against premature causal inference. However, its use may become epistemically restrictive when the absence of established causality is treated as sufficient reason not to investigate (severe) vaccine adverse events. This article examines the conditions under which a valid cautionary principle may have contributed to premature epistemic closure. Thomas Kuhn's theory of scientific paradigms is used as one interpretative lens rather than as an empirical explanation of institutional behaviour. We argue that the correlation-causation distinction can shift from a heuristic of caution to an instrument of epistemic conservatism, reinforcing prevailing frameworks and discouraging exploration of anomalies. A published autopsy case report involving multifocal necrotizing encephalitis and myocarditis after BNT162b2 vaccination is examined as an illustrative and hypothesis-generating case, not as representative evidence of systematic institutional conduct. A qualitative approach using Bradford Hill's criteria provides partial, inconclusive evidence of a causal relationship while also exposing the methodological limits of the tool employed. The results of the analysis showed that one of the nine criteria demonstrated support of causality, seven were partially supported, and one did not support causality. The analysis suggests, but does not prove, a causal relationship between the BNT162b2 vaccine and multifocal necrotizing encephalitis. The absence of the nucleocapsid protein does not provide definitive evidence to demonstrate a vaccine origin. Analytical methods are described which can distinguish between the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the recombinant spike protein expressed following mRNA vaccination. The absence of evidence does not mean evidence of absence and we must keep an open mind to this when reviewing such evidence on causality.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects
*COVID-19/prevention & control
*Causality
BNT162 Vaccine/adverse effects

@article {pmid42748381,
year = {2026},
author = {Philips, EA and Stream, S and Pillinger, MH and Samuels, J},
title = {Cytokine panels in the treatment and diagnosis of rheumatic diseases: current practices and future promise.},
journal = {Bulletin of the Hospital for Joint Disease (2013)},
volume = {84},
number = {3},
pages = {117-120},
pmid = {42748381},
issn = {2328-5273},
mesh = {Humans ; *Cytokines/blood ; COVID-19 ; *Rheumatic Diseases/diagnosis/blood/immunology/therapy ; Biomarkers/blood ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology/immunology/diagnosis/blood ; *Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology/immunology/diagnosis/blood ; *Betacoronavirus ; Predictive Value of Tests ; },
abstract = {Cytokine panels measure plasma levels of a set of soluble cell-effector biomarkers and are designed to provide a snapshot of the inflammatory milieu present in a patient at the time of sampling. During the uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic, patients demonstrated an inflammatory response with unequivocal marked cytokine storm. Thus, physicians and investigators ordered a superfluity of cytokine panels to gain mechanistic understanding of the pathology driven by the deadly viral infection. Although cases of COVID-19 have since waned, physicians continue to send cytokine panels with evolving evidence-based indications to evaluate other inflammatory syndromes. Cytokine panels hold diagnostic utility and promise, but more research is needed to determine the extent to which these panels can be used and the clinical contexts in which they can improve diagnostic and management capabilities.},
}

Humans
*Cytokines/blood
COVID-19
*Rheumatic Diseases/diagnosis/blood/immunology/therapy
Biomarkers/blood
Pandemics
SARS-CoV-2
*Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology/immunology/diagnosis/blood
*Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology/immunology/diagnosis/blood
*Betacoronavirus
Predictive Value of Tests

@article {pmid42811620,
year = {2026},
author = {de la Cruz-Potenciano, Á and Maldonado, M and Camarasa, MJ and de Castro, S},
title = {Hitting Coronaviruses Where It Hurts: Antiviral Strategies Targeting Viral Proteins.},
journal = {ChemMedChem},
volume = {21},
number = {19},
pages = {e70507},
pmid = {42811620},
issn = {1860-7187},
support = {SAF2015-64629-C2-1R//Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación/ ; PID2019-104070RB-C21//Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación/ ; SAF2009-13914-C02//Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad/ ; SAF2012-39760-C02//Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad/ ; PID2022-136307OB-C21//MICIU/ ; PLATESA2-CM S2018/BAA-4370//Comunidad de Madrid/ ; BIPPED-CM S-BIO-0214-2006//Comunidad de Madrid/ ; BIPPED-2 S2010/BMD-2457//Comunidad de Madrid/ ; PIE 201280E093//Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/ ; PIE-201980E028//Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/ ; PIE201980E028//Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/ ; },
mesh = {*Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/chemistry ; Humans ; *Coronavirus/drug effects ; *Viral Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Human coronaviruses include both endemic respiratory pathogens and highly pathogenic viruses with pandemic potential, underscoring the need for antiviral agents with activity beyond single viral species. This review focuses on selected, representative antiviral inhibitors directed against viral proteins of human coronaviruses. Accordingly, the review examines representative inhibitors targeting viral proteins essential for coronavirus infection and propagation. The discussion includes inhibitors acting at different functional levels of the viral life cycle, such as entry, genome replication, RNA processing and particle assembly, and reflects the range of molecular entities reported to date. By organizing known inhibitors according to their viral protein targets, this review provides an integrated overview of current antiviral candidates and illustrates the central role of viral proteins as points of intervention. Overall, the review aims to consolidate existing knowledge on antiviral inhibitors across human coronaviruses, offering a coherent framework for appreciating their scope and diversity.},
}

*Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/chemistry
Humans
*Coronavirus/drug effects
*Viral Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism

@article {pmid42811656,
year = {2026},
author = {Tao, P and Zang, YA and Wang, J and Cong, F and Liao, M},
title = {Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Emerging Viral Zoonotic Diseases, 2016-2026.},
journal = {Transboundary and emerging diseases},
volume = {2026},
number = {1},
pages = {e9884191},
pmid = {42811656},
issn = {1865-1682},
support = {2025A04J0379//Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project/ ; KA26YY15030//Guangdong Provincial Special Project in Key Fields for General Higher Education Institutions/ ; KA26YY00106-2026//Zhongkai Scholars Program/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; *Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology/virology/veterinary ; *Viral Zoonoses/epidemiology/virology ; *Zoonoses/epidemiology/virology ; },
abstract = {Emerging viral zoonoses-infections caused by viruses that cross the species barrier from animal reservoirs into human populations-account for the majority of emerging infectious disease (EID) events and now constitute a defining threat to global health security. Over the past decade the tempo of these spillovers has increased, propelled by land-use change, agricultural intensification, wildlife trade, and climate change, while reverse zoonosis-the transmission of human pathogens back into animal populations-has created novel animal reservoirs capable of seeding future outbreaks. Against this backdrop, we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed epidemiological evidence on emerging viral zoonoses from January 2016 through June 2026, searching five bibliographic databases and synthesizing 312 included studies. Annual high-consequence spillover events increased by 4.98% (95% CI 3.22%-6.76%), and the decade saw five Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) declarations, alongside other high-consequence spillovers such as the 2026 Bundibugyo virus outbreak (case fatality rate [CFR] 30.9%) and the expansion of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza into dairy cattle. Bat-origin viruses exhibited the highest pooled CFR (29.86%), whereas primate-origin viruses demonstrated greater transmissibility, supporting a virulence-transmissibility trade-off. Land-use change emerged as the dominant anthropogenic driver, increasing zoonotic host diversity by 18%-72%. White-tailed deer SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence reached 32.7% (95% CI 21.4%-46.1%), with confirmed deer-to-human spillback. Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) collectively reduced the effective reproduction number by up to 82%, and prevention-oriented One Health strategies yielded returns exceeding 1100% on investment. Viral zoonoses are accelerating under anthropogenic pressure, and upstream prevention with integrated One Health surveillance represents the most cost-effective pandemic preparedness strategy.},
}

Animals
Humans
*Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology/virology/veterinary
*Viral Zoonoses/epidemiology/virology
*Zoonoses/epidemiology/virology

@article {pmid42811997,
year = {2026},
author = {Ma, J and Wang, K and Li, G and Wang, F},
title = {Mechanisms of Complement Activation and NETosis Interplay in Early Pregnancy Loss: From Autoimmunity to Thrombogenesis.},
journal = {Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition)},
volume = {31},
number = {9},
pages = {49518},
doi = {10.31083/FBL49518},
pmid = {42811997},
issn = {2768-6698},
support = {YJS-BD-19//Science Foundation of Lanzhou University Second Hospital/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Extracellular Traps/immunology ; Female ; *Complement Activation/immunology ; Pregnancy ; *Autoimmunity/immunology ; *Abortion, Spontaneous/immunology ; *Thrombosis/immunology ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Early Pregnancy Loss (EPL) represents a formidable challenge in reproductive medicine. Its complex pathophysiology is primarily characterized by dysregulation of both the immune and coagulation systems. In recent years, abnormal activation of the complement system and neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis) have received increasing scientific attention as key molecular events underlying EPL. This interest is fueled significantly by compelling evidence from non-pregnant models, such as antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and severe infections (e.g., COVID-19), which demonstrate a pathogenic synergy between complement and NETosis in thrombo-inflammatory pathways. Dysregulation of the complement system can trigger strong inflammatory responses and promote a prothrombotic state. Similarly, excessive NETosis acts as a significant driver of tissue damage and thrombosis. This review aims to systematically delineate the complex crosstalk between complement activation and NETosis in EPL, with particular emphasis on their bidirectional regulatory relationship within autoimmune and thrombo-inflammatory pathways. By thoroughly analyzing the critical pathological role of this "complement-NETosis axis" in disrupting uteroplacental interface homeostasis and ultimately causing pregnancy failure, this review not only presents an integrative conceptual framework for comprehensively understanding the molecular mechanisms of EPL, but, more importantly, proposes a novel hypothesis, based on mechanistic insights derived from non-pregnant models, that this axis may play acentral role in EPL. This perspective provides a framework for future research, encompassing the validation of associated potential biomarkers and the exploration of targeted intervention strategies, thereby holding promise for advancing precise clinical intervention paradigms for specific EPL subtypes.},
}

Humans
*Extracellular Traps/immunology
Female
*Complement Activation/immunology
Pregnancy
*Autoimmunity/immunology
*Abortion, Spontaneous/immunology
*Thrombosis/immunology
Animals

@article {pmid42812460,
year = {2026},
author = {Korkmaz, MF and Terzi, HZ and Özdel, ZGE and Özay, HB and Boran, P},
title = {Prevalence of sleep disorders in Turkish children and adolescents: a national systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Sleep and biological rhythms},
volume = {24},
number = {4},
pages = {439-450},
pmid = {42812460},
issn = {1446-9235},
abstract = {PURPOSE: The prevalence of sleep disturbances in children is recognized as far higher than previously estimated. Furthermore, data previously collected in Türkiye have not been thoroughly consolidated, and there are notable variations across research reporting prevalence rates. This meta-analysis seeks to assess the general prevalence of sleep disturbances among children and adolescents in Türkiye and to identify factors that may contribute to potential heterogeneity.

METHODS: The meta-analysis was performed as a systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines and PROSPERO registration. Studies were performed in international platforms (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) and local academic portals (TR Index, Türkiye Atıf Endeksi) including research published till September 2025. The study included all relevant observational studies performed in Türkiye that involved children or adolescents and evaluated sleep disorders utilizing validated scales.

RESULTS: Fourteen studies that satisfied the inclusion criteria for the systematic review were analyzed, and ten studies including a total of 11,665 participants were included in the final meta-analysis. The combined prevalence of sleep disorders was 51.6% (95% CI: 34.8-68.3). Significant heterogeneity was observed among the studies (I[2] = 99.3%, p < 0.001). In subgroup analyzes, differences in prevalence estimates were observed according to age group, study period, and type of measurement tool; however, these variables did not fully explain the heterogeneity in the meta-regression model. Higher prevalence estimates were observed particularly in adolescent populations, during the COVID-19/post-pandemic period, and in studies using self-report instruments.

CONCLUSION: Sleep-related problems among Turkish children and adolescents may represent an important and underrecognized public health concern. Prevalence estimates varied across age groups, assessment methods, and study periods, although these factors did not fully explain the observed heterogeneity. These findings highlight the importance of integrating culturally appropriate screening tools into routine pediatric practice to facilitate early identification and intervention.

REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (CRD420251129775).},
}

@article {pmid42812549,
year = {2026},
author = {Yao, Y},
title = {Teacher resilience and adaptation in digital teaching contexts: a systematic review of research trends, psychological constructs, and evidence gaps.},
journal = {Frontiers in psychology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1950412},
pmid = {42812549},
issn = {1664-1078},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Digital teaching expanded rapidly during the COVID-19 emergency and continues through hybrid, robot-mediated, metaverse, and artificial-intelligence-supported education. Yet evidence about teacher resilience and adaptation remains conceptually and methodologically dispersed. This PRISMA 2020-guided systematic review mapped how resilience and adaptation are conceptualized, which psychological constructs and indirect statistical pathways have been studied, and where important evidence gaps remain. Web of Science and Scopus records exported on 21 and 23 February 2026 yielded 4,465 records; 27 English-language empirical studies were included after duplicate removal, screening, retrieval, and full-text eligibility assessment. Data were extracted into a structured matrix, synthesized descriptively and thematically, and appraised with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) 2018. The corpus comprised 11 qualitative, 9 quantitative non-randomized, 5 mixed-methods, and 2 quantitative descriptive studies, involving at least 11,199 teachers or teacher educators. Twenty-one studies concerned COVID-19/emergency remote teaching and six examined emerging technologies. Six non-mutually-exclusive themes were identified: personal psychological resources and coping (22/27), pedagogical adaptation, agency, and innovation (21/27), digital competence, self-efficacy, and readiness (19/27), contextual and structural constraints (18/27), wellbeing-related outcomes (16/27), and social or institutional support (13/27). Seven studies tested indirect effects, but all used cross-sectional quantitative components; none formally tested contextual moderation or evaluated an intervention. MMAT findings supported qualitative coherence while highlighting confounding, representativeness, nonresponse, and weakest-component limitations in quantitative and mixed-methods evidence. The evidence therefore supports a context-embedded descriptive account of resilience and adaptation. Future research should prioritize longitudinal, intervention, and explicitly technology-specific designs.

https://osf.io/xf2ve/overview, xf2ve.},
}

@article {pmid42812866,
year = {2026},
author = {Price, I and Smith, PK and Tan, A and Suarez-Rocha, A and Baig, M and Athouriste, Z and Aziz, C and Razzaque, N and Sadik, S and Breeland, S and Gilbert, B and De Gaetano, JS},
title = {Measles Vaccine Boosters in Immunocompromised Adults to Reduce Morbidity and Mortality From Acute Measles Infection: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {18},
number = {8},
pages = {e115440},
pmid = {42812866},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Measles is a highly contagious viral illness associated with significant global mortality, despite the availability of an effective vaccine. As vaccine hesitancy continues to increase following the COVID-19 pandemic, combined with a lack of measles-specific antiviral agents, the risk of outbreaks and epidemics remains elevated. Immunocompromised individuals have a higher risk of serious complications from measles, especially because the live-attenuated measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine may be contraindicated in severely immunocompromised patients. As such, these individuals depend on herd immunity. This scoping review aims to identify the potential need for a measles booster dose among immunocompromised adults in the United States by providing an overview of current vaccine indications and outcomes. EMBASE, Web of Science, and Ovid MEDLINE were searched using search terms specific to measles booster doses and immunocompromised adults. In total, 2,335 articles were imported to Rayyan, and after a two-tiered review, seven articles met the full inclusion criteria. The results revealed that individuals with chronic immunocompromising illnesses were often not fully protected against measles, leaving them vulnerable to infection. The findings from this review suggest that clinicians may consider a booster dose of vaccine for immunocompromised individuals to help restore their protection against measles. Meanwhile, further research utilizing larger sample sizes and diverse patient populations is warranted based on these findings. We believe that additional studies should aim to clarify current guidelines to improve the care of immunocompromised patients who may be exposed to measles.},
}