@article {pmid40246344,
year = {2025},
author = {Aljabali, AAA and El-Tanani, M and Barh, D and Tambuwala, MM},
title = {COVID-19: Perspectives on innate immune evasion.},
journal = {Progress in molecular biology and translational science},
volume = {213},
number = {},
pages = {171-214},
doi = {10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.03.002},
pmid = {40246344},
issn = {1878-0814},
mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/immunology ; *Immunity, Innate ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Immune Evasion/immunology ; Pandemics ; Toll-Like Receptors/immunology/metabolism ; *Pneumonia, Viral/immunology/virology ; *Coronavirus Infections/immunology/virology ; *Betacoronavirus/immunology ; Receptors, Pattern Recognition/immunology/metabolism ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology/metabolism ; Animals ; },
abstract = {The ongoing global health challenges posed by the SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, necessitate a deep understanding of its intricate strategies to evade the innate immune system. This chapter aims to provide insights into the sophisticated mechanisms employed by SARS-CoV-2 in its interaction with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), with particular emphasis on Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs). By skillfully circumventing these pivotal components, the virus manages to elude detection and impairs the initiation of crucial antiviral immune responses. A notable aspect of SARS-CoV-2's immune evasion tactics lies in its strategic manipulation of cytokine production. This orchestrated modulation disrupts the delicate balance of inflammation, potentially leading to severe complications, including the notorious cytokine storm. In this regard, key viral proteins, such as the spike protein and nucleocapsid protein, emerge as pivotal players in the immune evasion process, further highlighting their significance in the context of COVID-19 pathogenesis. Acquiring a comprehensive understanding of these intricate immune evasion mechanisms holds immense promise for the development of effective treatments against COVID-19. Moreover, it is imperative for vaccine development to consider these evasion strategies to maximize vaccine efficacy. Future therapeutic interventions may involve targeting alternative pathways or augmenting the antiviral immune responses, thereby mitigating the impact of immune evasion, and fostering successful outcomes. By unraveling the underlying mechanisms of innate immune evasion, we advance our comprehension of COVID-19 pathogenesis and pave the way for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. This comprehensive understanding catalyzes progress, enabling researchers and clinicians to devise novel approaches that combat the challenges posed by SARS-CoV-2 and ultimately improve patient outcomes.},
}

Humans
COVID-19/immunology
*Immunity, Innate
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Immune Evasion/immunology
Pandemics
Toll-Like Receptors/immunology/metabolism
*Pneumonia, Viral/immunology/virology
*Coronavirus Infections/immunology/virology
*Betacoronavirus/immunology
Receptors, Pattern Recognition/immunology/metabolism
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology/metabolism
Animals

@article {pmid40246343,
year = {2025},
author = {Aljabali, AAA and Obeid, M and Gammoh, O and El-Tanani, M and Tambuwala, MM},
title = {Guardians at the gate: Unraveling Type I interferon's role and challenges posed by anti-interferon antibodies in COVID-19.},
journal = {Progress in molecular biology and translational science},
volume = {213},
number = {},
pages = {135-169},
doi = {10.1016/bs.pmbts.2025.01.005},
pmid = {40246343},
issn = {1878-0814},
mesh = {Humans ; *Interferon Type I/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology/diagnosis ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Antibodies/immunology ; Signal Transduction ; },
abstract = {The intricate interplay involving Type I interferon (IFN), anti-interferon antibodies, and COVID-19 elucidates a complex symphony within the immune system. This chapter thoroughly explores the dynamic landscape of Type I IFN, delineating its pivotal role as the guardian of the immune response. As SARS-CoV-2 engages the host, the delicate balance of IFN induction and signaling pathways is disrupted, resulting in a nuanced impact on the severity and pathogenesis of COVID-19. Clinical studies illuminate a critical link between impaired IFN response and severe outcomes, uncovering genetic factors contributing to susceptibility. Furthermore, the emergence of anti-interferon antibodies proves to be a disruptive force, compromising the immune arsenal and correlating with disease severity. Our chapter encompasses diagnostic and prognostic implications, highlighting the importance of assays in identifying levels of IFN and anti-interferon antibodies. This chapter examines the possible incorporation of interferon-related biomarkers in COVID-19 diagnostics, offering predictive insights into disease progression. On the therapeutic front, efforts to manipulate the IFN pathway undergo scrutiny, encountering complexities in light of anti-interferon antibodies. This chapter concludes by outlining prospective avenues for precision medicine, emphasizing the imperative need for a comprehensive comprehension of the IFN landscape and its intricate interaction with COVID-19.},
}

Humans
*Interferon Type I/immunology
*COVID-19/immunology/diagnosis
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Antibodies/immunology
Signal Transduction

@article {pmid40246342,
year = {2025},
author = {Eltayeb, A and Redwan, EM},
title = {T-cell immunobiology and cytokine storm of COVID-19.},
journal = {Progress in molecular biology and translational science},
volume = {213},
number = {},
pages = {1-30},
doi = {10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.10.003},
pmid = {40246342},
issn = {1878-0814},
mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; *Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology ; Pandemics ; Cytokines/immunology/metabolism ; *Coronavirus Infections/immunology/therapy ; *Pneumonia, Viral/immunology/therapy ; *Betacoronavirus/immunology ; },
abstract = {The 2019 coronavirus illness (COVID 2019) first manifests as a newly identified pneumonia and may quickly escalate to acute respiratory distress syndrome, which has caused a global pandemic. Except for individualized supportive care, no curative therapy has been steadfastly advised for COVID-19 up until this point. T cells and virus-specific T lymphocytes are required to guard against viral infection, particularly COVID-19. Delayed immunological reconstitution (IR) and cytokine storm (CS) continue to be significant barriers to COVID-19 cure. While severe COVID-19 patients who survived the disease had considerable lymphopenia and increased neutrophils, especially in the elderly, their T cell numbers gradually recovered. Exhausted T lymphocytes and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL6, IL10, IL2, and IL17, are observed in peripheral blood and the lungs. It implies that while convalescent plasma, IL-6 blocking, mesenchymal stem cells, and corticosteroids might decrease CS, Thymosin α1 and adaptive COVID-19-specific T cells could enhance IR. There is an urgent need for more clinical research in this area throughout the world to open the door to COVID-19 treatment in the future.},
}

Humans
COVID-19/immunology
SARS-CoV-2
*T-Lymphocytes/immunology
*Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology
Pandemics
Cytokines/immunology/metabolism
*Coronavirus Infections/immunology/therapy
*Pneumonia, Viral/immunology/therapy
*Betacoronavirus/immunology

@article {pmid40245664,
year = {2025},
author = {Kalagy, T and Braun-Lewensohn, O and Abu-Kaf, S},
title = {Psychological distress among Israelis during crisis: A comparison between COVID-19 and the Iron Swords War.},
journal = {Psychiatry research},
volume = {348},
number = {},
pages = {116491},
doi = {10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116491},
pmid = {40245664},
issn = {1872-7123},
abstract = {This study aimed to compare stress reactions and coping resources among the Jewish population in Israel during two different crises: the COVID-19 pandemic and the current Iron Swords War. The study included 421 respondents during the COVID-19 period and 604 respondents during the Iron Swords War. Participants completed self-report questionnaires designed to evaluate sense of coherence, hope, and Community resilience as indicators of coping resources and the Brief Symptom Inventory as a measure of psychological distress. Overall, the mental state of the entire population was more severe during the Iron Swords War than it was during the COVID-19 period (p0.001> (. Sense of coherence and hope were both strongly negatively correlated with psychological distress (p<.001). Moreover, hope, sense of coherence, gender, and age were significant predictors of psychological distress (p< .01). These findings indicate the importance of personal coping resources, such as sense of coherence, during times of crisis. This is particularly important for vulnerable groups. Policymakers should prioritize mental-health services and targeted interventions in emergency response plans.},
}

@article {pmid40245580,
year = {2025},
author = {Nakajima, M and Yamazaki, H and Yoshinari, K and Kobayashi, K and Ishii, Y and Nakai, D and Kamimura, H and Kume, T and Saito, Y and Maeda, K and Kusuhara, H and Tamai, I},
title = {Contribution of Japanese scientists to drug metabolism and disposition.},
journal = {Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals},
volume = {53},
number = {5},
pages = {100071},
doi = {10.1016/j.dmd.2025.100071},
pmid = {40245580},
issn = {1521-009X},
abstract = {Japanese researchers have played a pivotal role in advancing the field of drug metabolism and disposition, as demonstrated by their substantial contributions to the journal Drug Metabolism and Disposition (DMD) over the past 5 decades. This review highlights the historical and ongoing impact of Japanese scientists on DMD, celebrating their achievements in elucidating drug metabolism, membrane transport, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology. From the discovery of cytochrome P450 by Tsuneo Omura and Ryo Sato in 1962 to subsequent advances in drug transport research, Japan has maintained a leading position in the field. A geographical analysis of DMD publications reveals a notable increase in contributions from Japan during the 1980s, ranking second globally and maintaining this position through the 2000s. However, recent years have seen a slight decline in output, likely influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic and increased online journals as well as structural changes within academia and industry. Importantly, this trend is not unique to Japan. To sustain excellence and innovation in this field, it is crucial to strengthen funding for absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity research and promote collaborations between academia, industry, and regulatory agencies. By prioritizing the translation of fundamental discoveries into drug development and clinical applications, scientists in this area can further advance global efforts toward achieving optimal drug efficacy and safety. This review underscores the enduring contributions of Japanese researchers to DMD and calls for renewed efforts to drive innovation and progress in this vital area of science. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Over the past 5 decades, Japanese scientists have made significant contributions to Drug Metabolism and Disposition through groundbreaking discoveries and advancements in the study of drug-metabolizing enzymes, transporters, pharmacokinetics analysis, and related areas. These contributions continue to shape the field, offering a foundation for future innovation in this area. We hope that the next generation of Japanese scientists will further solidify their global leadership in this area to advance drug development and proper pharmacotherapy.},
}

@article {pmid40244526,
year = {2025},
author = {Taha, MS and Akram, A and Abdelbary, GA},
title = {Unlocking the potential of remdesivir: innovative approaches to drug delivery.},
journal = {Drug delivery and translational research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40244526},
issn = {2190-3948},
abstract = {Given the recurrent waves of COVID-19 and the emergence of new viral infections, optimizing the potential of remdesivir as an antiviral agent is critical. While several reviews have explored the efficacy of remdesivir, few have comprehensively addressed its challenges, such as the necessity for intravenous infusion, suboptimal lung accumulation, and safety concerns related to its formulation. This review critically examines these challenges while proposing innovative solutions and effective combinations with other antiviral agents and repurposed drugs. By highlighting the role of complex generics, we aim to enhance therapeutic efficacy in ways not previously discussed in existing literature. Furthermore, we address the development of novel drug delivery systems which specifically aim to improve remdesivir's pharmacological profile. By analyzing recent findings, we assess both the successes and limitations of current approaches, providing insights into ongoing challenges and strategies for further optimization. This review uniquely focuses on targeted drug delivery systems and innovative formulations, thereby maximizing remdesivir's therapeutic benefits and broadening its application in combating emerging viral threats. In doing so, we fill a critical gap in literature, offering a comprehensive overview that informs future research and clinical strategies.},
}

@article {pmid40244315,
year = {2025},
author = {Aderinto, N and Olatunji, G and Kokori, E and Ogieuhi, IJ and Yusuf, IA and Egbunu, E and Ukoaka, BM and Babalola, AE and Adefusi, TO and Aboje, JE and Moradeyo, A},
title = {COVID-19 and cognitive impairment: a review of the emerging evidence.},
journal = {Discover mental health},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {56},
pmid = {40244315},
issn = {2731-4383},
abstract = {The recent surge of COVID-19 cases has raised concerns about its potential long-term effects on cognitive function. This review explores the growing body of research investigating the link between COVID-19 infection and cognitive impairment. Studies employing observational, longitudinal, and case-control designs reveal a concerning prevalence of cognitive impairment in survivors, affecting domains like attention, memory, executive function, and processing speed. The persistence of these deficits for months after the initial infection highlights the potential for long-term consequences. While the precise mechanisms remain under investigation, potential contributing factors include neuroinflammation, hypoxia, and psychological effects. Limitations within the current research landscape necessitate further investigation into the long-term trajectory of cognitive decline, the potential for intervention and recovery, and the role of vaccination in mitigating these effects. Understanding the multifaceted nature of this issue is crucial for developing effective strategies to ensure optimal cognitive health outcomes for COVID-19 survivors.},
}

@article {pmid40244031,
year = {2025},
author = {Alves, MI and Dias Junior, SA and Martins, T and Felipe, AOB and Freitas, PS and Moreira, DDS},
title = {The Relationship Between Excessive Screen Time, Self-Harm, and Suicidal Behavior in Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Integrative Literature Review.},
journal = {Journal of child and adolescent psychiatric nursing : official publication of the Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nurses, Inc},
volume = {38},
number = {2},
pages = {e70015},
doi = {10.1111/jcap.70015},
pmid = {40244031},
issn = {1744-6171},
support = {//This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001./ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology ; *Self-Injurious Behavior/epidemiology/psychology ; Adolescent ; *Screen Time ; *Adolescent Behavior/psychology ; *Suicidal Ideation ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Adolescents are being increasingly exposed to digital media, especially in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. This reality raises concerns over the effects of this exposure, in addition to an increase in suicidal behavior and self-harm.

AIM/QUESTION: This study aims to analyze the relationship between excessive screen time, self-harm, and suicidal behavior in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: This is an integrative literature review. The research question was structured using the PICOT strategy (P-adolescents; I-intensive screen and internet time; O-suicidal behavior and self-harm; and T-pandemic timeframe). The databases included were: Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, Cinahl, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Initially, 1645 studies were found; after reviewing their titles and abstracts, 18 studies met the eligibility criteria.

FINDINGS: The results revealed concerning associations between prolonged exposure and behaviors such as self-harm and suicidal behavior.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: These findings can assist nurses in identifying young individuals at risk due to inappropriate technology use, enabling the development of tailored interventions, the implementation of educational programs for healthy digital habits, and the promotion of mental well-being.

RECOMMENDATION: In light of the above, measures to mitigate this problem and the risks stemming from prolonged exposure are needed, considering that the adverse effects go beyond the pandemic context.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/psychology
*Self-Injurious Behavior/epidemiology/psychology
Adolescent
*Screen Time
*Adolescent Behavior/psychology
*Suicidal Ideation

@article {pmid40243795,
year = {2025},
author = {Neil, J},
title = {Emerging Viral Infections during Pregnancy: Understanding the Risks to Maternal and Fetal Health.},
journal = {Reproduction (Cambridge, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1530/REP-25-0043},
pmid = {40243795},
issn = {1741-7899},
abstract = {Viral infections during pregnancy pose significant risks to both maternal and fetal health. While several viruses are well known to cause adverse pregnancy outcomes, often little is known about emerging viruses. This review summaries the known maternal and fetal consequences of infection during pregnancy with novel and re-emerging viruses. Focus is placed on viruses such as Zika and SARS-CoV-2, among others, discussing the mechanisms by which these viruses may disrupt fetal development at the maternal-fetal interface. The review also addresses the challenges that need to be overcome, such as the need for ongoing disease surveillance, prioritization of pregnant women for clinical trials and the importance of pre-clinical models of placenta infection, to adequately prepare for the next virus outbreak.},
}

@article {pmid40243788,
year = {2025},
author = {Melo, EP and Mendes, EFDS and Rodrigues, RCR and Nogueira, DL and Tabosa, TA and Castro, MC and Machado, MMT},
title = {Maternal care for preterm infants in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative systematic review.},
journal = {Cadernos de saude publica},
volume = {41},
number = {3},
pages = {e00134924},
doi = {10.1590/0102-311XEN134924},
pmid = {40243788},
issn = {1678-4464},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; Infant, Newborn ; *Infant, Premature ; Female ; Pregnancy ; *Mothers/psychology ; Qualitative Research ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; Premature Birth ; Adaptation, Psychological ; },
abstract = {Preterm birth and hospitalization of the newborn are potentially traumatic events for mothers and children. The COVID-19 pandemic, along with its social impacts and additional concerns, has exacerbated maternal distress and anxiety, adversely impacting the development of premature babies. This study conducted a qualitative systematic review to understand maternal care for preterm infants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and PRISMA guidelines, the databases CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and the portals Virtual Health Library and CAPES Periodicals were consulted. From the 1,449 identified publications, 14 articles were included in the review, resulting in 172 primary findings. The findings were grouped using the meta-aggregative approach, with confidence assessed via the ConQual approach, resulting in four meta-aggregated findings: (1) the impact of the pandemic on health services for preterm infants; (2) the impact of the pandemic and prematurity on maternal mental health; (3) challenges to the maternal care of preterm infants imposed by COVID-19; and (4) maternal coping strategies during the pandemic. The review revealed that the pandemic and associated sanitary measures negatively impacted maternal proximity to hospitalized premature infants, reduced the support networks, worsened financial situations, and increased mothers' emotional burden. Public policies are recommended to provide support to mothers, offer resources to deal with adverse experiences, and promote parental skills in caring for preterm infants.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology
Infant, Newborn
*Infant, Premature
Female
Pregnancy
*Mothers/psychology
Qualitative Research
SARS-CoV-2
Pandemics
Premature Birth
Adaptation, Psychological

@article {pmid40243757,
year = {2025},
author = {Meng, S and Hara, T and Miura, Y and Arao, Y and Saito, Y and Inoue, K and Hirotsu, T and Vecchione, A and Satoh, T and Ishii, H},
title = {In Vivo Engineered CAR-T Cell Therapy: Lessons Built from COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {7},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms26073119},
pmid = {40243757},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {grant nos. 19K22658, 20H00541, 21K19526, 22H03146, 22K19559, 23K19505, 23K18313, 23KK0153, 24K22144, and 16H06279 (PAGS)//Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology/ ; grant nos. JP23ym0126809 and JP24ym0126809//Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development/ ; 23-255001//Princess Takamatsu Cancer Research Fund/ ; G-2024-3-00//IFO Research Communications/ ; 2024//Oceanic Wellness Foundation/ ; 2024//Suzuken Memorial Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/genetics ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology ; *Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Neoplasms/therapy/immunology ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; RNA, Messenger/immunology/genetics ; mRNA Vaccines/immunology ; Animals ; Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology ; Lipids/chemistry ; Liposomes ; },
abstract = {Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy has revolutionized cancer immunotherapy but continues to face significant challenges that limit its broader application, such as antigen targeting, the tumor microenvironment, and cell persistence, especially in solid tumors. Meanwhile, the global implementation of mRNA vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the transformative potential of mRNA and lipid nanoparticle (LNP) technologies. These innovations, characterized by their swift development timelines, precise antigen design, and efficient delivery mechanisms, provide a promising framework to address some limitations of CAR-T therapy. Recent advancements, including mRNA-based CAR engineering and optimized LNP delivery, have demonstrated the capacity to enhance CAR-T efficacy, particularly in the context of solid tumors. This review explores how mRNA-LNP technology can drive the development of in vivo engineered CAR-T therapies to address current limitations and discusses future directions, including advancements in mRNA design, LNP optimization, and strategies for improving in vivo CAR-T functionality and safety. By bridging these technological insights, CAR-T therapy may evolve into a versatile and accessible treatment paradigm across diverse oncological landscapes.},
}

Humans
*Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
*COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/genetics
*COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology
*Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology/genetics
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Neoplasms/therapy/immunology
Nanoparticles/chemistry
RNA, Messenger/immunology/genetics
mRNA Vaccines/immunology
Animals
Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
Lipids/chemistry
Liposomes

@article {pmid40243562,
year = {2025},
author = {Jellinger, KA},
title = {Concomitant Pathologies and Their Impact on Parkinson Disease: A Narrative Overview of Current Evidence.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {7},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms26072942},
pmid = {40243562},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {2025-02//Society for the Promotion of Research in Experimental Neurology, Vienna, Austria/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Parkinson Disease/pathology/epidemiology/complications/metabolism ; COVID-19/epidemiology/complications/pathology ; Comorbidity ; alpha-Synuclein/metabolism ; Neoplasms/epidemiology/pathology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Many clinico-pathological studies point to the presence of multiple comorbidities/co-pathologies in the course of Parkinson disease (PD). Lewy body pathology, the morphological hallmark of PD, rarely exists in isolation, but is usually associated with other concomitant pathologies, in particular Alzheimer disease-related changes (ADNC), cerebrovascular pathologies (macro- and microinfarcts, cerebral small vessel disease, cerebral amyloid angiopathy), TDP-43 pathology as well as multiple pathological combinations. These include cardiovascular disorders, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune and rheumatic diseases, myasthenia gravis, Sjögren's syndrome, restless leg syndrome or other rare disorders, like Fabry disease. A combination of PD and multiple sclerosis (MS) may be due to the immune function of LRRK2 and its interrelation with α-synuclein. COVID-19 and HIV posed considerable impacts on patients with PD. Epidemiological evidence points to a decreased risk for the majority of neoplasms, except melanoma and other skin cancers, while some tumors (breast, brain) are increased. On the other hand, a lower frequency of malignancies preceding early PD markers may argue for their protective effect on PD risk. Possible pathogenetic factors for the association between PD and cancer are discussed. The tremendous heterogeneity of concomitant pathologies and comorbidities observed across the PD spectrum is most likely caused by the complex interplay between genetic, pathogenic and other risk factors, and further research should provide increasing insight into their relationship with idiopathic PD (and other parkinsonian disorders) in order to find better diagnostic tools and probable disease-modifying therapies.},
}

Humans
*Parkinson Disease/pathology/epidemiology/complications/metabolism
COVID-19/epidemiology/complications/pathology
Comorbidity
alpha-Synuclein/metabolism
Neoplasms/epidemiology/pathology
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40243121,
year = {2025},
author = {Wong, SK},
title = {Effects of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine on bone health (Review).},
journal = {Molecular medicine reports},
volume = {31},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3892/mmr.2025.13533},
pmid = {40243121},
issn = {1791-3004},
mesh = {*Hydroxychloroquine/pharmacology/therapeutic use/adverse effects ; Humans ; *Chloroquine/pharmacology/therapeutic use/adverse effects ; *Bone and Bones/drug effects/metabolism ; Animals ; Osteoclasts/drug effects/metabolism ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Autophagy/drug effects ; Osteoblasts/drug effects/metabolism ; Osteogenesis/drug effects ; },
abstract = {Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), which were initially used to treat malaria, are now also used to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, which have gained notoriety during the coronavirus‑19 pandemic. The emerging uses of CQ and HCQ in cancer therapy, metabolic syndrome and bone disorders highlight their broad clinical potential. Patients with autoimmune and inflammatory conditions have a higher risk of suboptimal bone health because of chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation and medication use. In the present review, the use of CQ and HCQ in bone research was explored, particularly in terms of their effectiveness and mechanism in modulating bone homeostasis. CQ and HCQ inhibit osteoblastic activity by suppressing autophagy, inducing oxidative stress and promoting osteoblast apoptosis. CQ suppresses osteoclastic activity by blocking the receptor activator of nuclear factor κ‑β/receptor activator of nuclear factor κ‑β ligand interaction, autophagy and inflammation. HCQ inhibits osteoclastogenesis by increasing the expression levels of osteoprotegerin, inducing osteoclast apoptosis and reducing cytokines without affecting autophagy. With regard to the molecular machineries, CQ and HCQ inhibit bone formation and bone resorption. Variations in dose, frequency and duration of CQ and HCQ treatment result in heterogenous outcomes. Further research is necessary to clarify the net effects of CQ and HCQ on bone through studies specifically designed to explore their direct impact as the primary objective. The use of these medications is broadening particularly in patients with autoimmune diseases who are at risk of skeletal disorders. However, their safety profiles, adverse effects and contraindications must be carefully monitored when administered for long‑term use and in combination.},
}

*Hydroxychloroquine/pharmacology/therapeutic use/adverse effects
Humans
*Chloroquine/pharmacology/therapeutic use/adverse effects
*Bone and Bones/drug effects/metabolism
Animals
Osteoclasts/drug effects/metabolism
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Apoptosis/drug effects
Autophagy/drug effects
Osteoblasts/drug effects/metabolism
Osteogenesis/drug effects

@article {pmid40242974,
year = {2025},
author = {Nouari, W and Aribi, M},
title = {Innate lymphoid cells, immune functional dynamics, epithelial parallels, and therapeutic frontiers in infections.},
journal = {International reviews of immunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-28},
doi = {10.1080/08830185.2025.2490233},
pmid = {40242974},
issn = {1563-5244},
abstract = {Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have emerged as pivotal players in the field of immunology, expanding our understanding of innate immunity beyond conventional paradigms. This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted world of ILCs, beginning with their serendipitous discovery and traversing their ontogeny and heterogeneity. We explore the distinct subsets of ILCs unraveling their intriguing plasticity, which adds a layer of complexity to their functional repertoire. As we journey through the functional activities of ILCs, we address their role in immune responses against various infections, categorizing their interactions with helminthic parasites, bacterial pathogens, fungal infections, and viral invaders. Notably, this review offers a detailed examination of ILCs in the context of specific infections, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Citrobacter rodentium, Clostridium difficile, Salmonella typhimurium, Helicobacter pylori, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Influenza virus, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. This selection aimed for a comprehensive exploration of ILCs in various infectious contexts, opting for microorganisms based on extensive research findings rather than considerations of virulence or emergence. Furthermore, we raise intriguing questions about the potential immune functional resemblances between ILCs and epithelial cells, shedding light on their interconnectedness within the mucosal microenvironment. The review culminates in a critical assessment of the therapeutic prospects of targeting ILCs during infection, emphasizing their promise as novel immunotherapeutic targets. Nevertheless, due to their recent discovery and evolving understanding, effectively manipulating ILCs is challenging. Ensuring specificity and safety while evaluating long-term effects in clinical settings will be crucial.},
}

@article {pmid40242829,
year = {2025},
author = {Jung, Y and Baldeo, S and Pahuta, M and Sharma, S and Guha, D},
title = {The legal and socioeconomic considerations of spine telemedicine in Canada.},
journal = {Journal of spine surgery (Hong Kong)},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {166-177},
pmid = {40242829},
issn = {2414-469X},
abstract = {Telemedicine, or virtual care offers a platform for remote assessments, for either initial consultations or follow-up care. Telemedicine is a broad term and may refer to video conferences/assessments, telephone visits, messages through online platforms, and remote monitoring applications. The restrictions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis had accelerated the use of telemedicine in Canadian healthcare. Several years after the pandemic, after this initial trial of widespread telemedicine, there remains significant uncertainty as to its efficacy and future directions. There are inherent challenges to telemedicine, including questions of clinical reliability and privacy, balanced against the possibility of efficiency and increased access to specialists. The Canadian healthcare system also poses significant challenges in the evaluation and systemic implementation of telemedicine, given the lack of a national legal framework and separate provincial or territorial regulation systems across the country. Telemedicine is of a particular interest to spinal surgeons, given the prevalence, morbidity, and economic costs associated with spinal pathologies. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, few spine surgeons offered telemedicine, due to the perceived challenges of remote assessment and diagnosis with spine pathologies. There has been little subsequent data to examine the role and suitability for remote acre in spine surgery. Herein, we review the current landscape of telemedicine in Canadian healthcare, with applications to spine surgery.},
}

@article {pmid40242541,
year = {2025},
author = {Guo, Y and Liu, F and Song, JS and Wang, S},
title = {Supply chain resilience: A review from the inventory management perspective.},
journal = {Fundamental research},
volume = {5},
number = {2},
pages = {450-463},
pmid = {40242541},
issn = {2667-3258},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed vulnerabilities in global supply chains, leading to economic damage and product shortages caused by demand surges and supply disruptions. Concurrently, geopolitical conflicts and the rising frequency of natural disasters due to climate change have amplified the urgency to develop strategies for building resilient supply chains. This article presents a comprehensive literature review on inventory management strategies for enhancing supply chain resilience, such as stockpiling, multi-sourcing, capacity reservation, and flexible supply contracts. We classify these strategies into two categories: one deals with supply-side disruption risks, and the other deals with demand-side disruption risks. For each category, we summarize the practical challenges, the state-of-art research, and potential avenues for future research.},
}

@article {pmid40242230,
year = {2025},
author = {Tyagi, S and Upadhyay, S and Bharara, T and Sahai, S},
title = {Nipah virus: Preventing the next outbreak.},
journal = {World journal of clinical cases},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
pages = {99748},
pmid = {40242230},
issn = {2307-8960},
abstract = {Nipah is a deadly viral infection which has come to the news highlight recently, due to its fresh onslaught in Southern India. As the world continues to recover from coronavirus disease 2019, the World Health Organization has identified a list of high-priority pathogens with the potential to cause future pandemics. Among them is the Nipah virus (NiV), which poses a significant threat. Even a small outbreak could trigger widespread panic among the public. The emergence and re-emergence of NiV among other zoonotic infections is a stern reminder of the importance of One health concept.},
}

@article {pmid40241147,
year = {2025},
author = {Morello, R and De Rose, C and Martino, L and Raffaelli, F and Zampino, G and Valentini, P and Buonsenso, D},
title = {Role of nutrient supplements in children with post-COVID condition: a retrospective preliminary observation and narrative review.},
journal = {Italian journal of pediatrics},
volume = {51},
number = {1},
pages = {119},
pmid = {40241147},
issn = {1824-7288},
mesh = {Humans ; *Dietary Supplements ; Retrospective Studies ; *COVID-19/complications ; Child ; Male ; Female ; Child, Preschool ; Adolescent ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Post-COVID Condition (PCC), emerging as a significant long-term consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, affects not only adults but also the pediatric population. Despite ongoing research, the precise pathophysiology of PCC remains elusive. However, several putative mechanisms have been identified, leading to the exploration of various therapeutic strategies. Notably, in the adult population, there has been substantial interest in the potential efficacy of nutritional supplements. Regrettably, information regarding the use of such supplements in the pediatric population is currently lacking.

METHODS: The present study was conducted to assess the impact of nutritional supplements on alleviating long COVID symptoms in children. To achieve this, we conducted a retrospective analysis of nutrient supplements administered by parents to children with Post-COVID Condition (PCC) between February 2020 and October 2022. Statistical analyses were employed to determine associations between categorical variables.

RESULTS: A total of 1243 children were enrolled following documented SARS-CoV-2 infection, with 940 (76.2%) diagnosed as recovered and 294 (23.8%) diagnosed with Long COVID. Among Long COVID patients experiencing disabling symptoms, treatment with oral lactoferrin and/or a Multi-Element Product (MEP) with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties was initiated. The correlation analysis between the use of supplements and persistence of long COVID at the next follow-up showed that the use of MEP alone (OR 5.7, 95% CI 3.8-8.5), or the combination of MEP and lactoferrin (OR 5.06, 95% CI 3.3-7.6) three months after the initial infection and for the following three months, were associated with a lower risk having long covid at six months following initial infection, when compared with the use of lactoferrin alone (OR 7.6 95% CI 5.1-11.4).

CONCLUSIONS: This proof-of-concept study revealed that MEP and lactoferrin, when administered three months after initial infection in patients with a new diagnosis of long covid, may have a positive impact on improving Long COVID symptoms in children during follow-up evaluations. This positive trend toward reducing Post-COVID Condition (PCC) exhibited by MEP and lactoferrin suggested a potential benefit worthy of exploration in future randomized controlled trials.},
}

Humans
*Dietary Supplements
Retrospective Studies
*COVID-19/complications
Child
Male
Female
Child, Preschool
Adolescent
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40240055,
year = {2025},
author = {Ajumobi, O and Davis, M and George, CM and Rosman, L and Von Dobschuetz, S and Watson, C and Nuzzo, JB},
title = {Improving risk analysis of the environmental drivers of the spillover, emergence/re-emergence and spread of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus, Marburg virus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the East Africa Region.},
journal = {BMJ global health},
volume = {10},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bmjgh-2025-019162},
pmid = {40240055},
issn = {2059-7908},
mesh = {Humans ; *Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean/epidemiology/transmission ; Risk Assessment ; Animals ; Africa, Eastern/epidemiology ; *Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus ; Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo ; *Marburg Virus Disease/epidemiology/transmission ; *Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology/transmission ; Climate Change ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Emerging and/or re-emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) in the East Africa region are associated with climate change-induced environmental drivers. There is a need for a comprehensive understanding of these environmental drivers and to adopt an integrated risk analysis (IRA) framework for addressing a combination of the biological, environmental and socioeconomic factors that increase population vulnerabilities to EID risks to inform biological risk mitigation and cross-sectoral decision-making. The aim of this integrative review was to identify knowledge gaps and contribute to a holistic understanding about the environmental drivers of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), Marburg virus (MARV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections in the East Africa Region to improve IRA processes at the environment-animal-human exposure interface.

METHODS: An integrative review search was carried out to identify relevant studies and reports from 2000 to 2024. Searches were conducted in bibliographic databases and global institutional websites. Inclusion criteria were studies and reports (in English) addressing environmental drivers of CCHFV, MARV and MERS-CoV infections across countries in the East Africa region, existing risk frameworks/methodological tools and/or One Health policy recommendations for risk analysis of environmentally driven biological threats.

RESULTS: Of the total number of studies retrieved from database searches (n=18 075) and website searches (n=44), 242 studies and reports combined were included in the review with the majority covering the environmental drivers (n=137), the risk frameworks/methodological tools (n=73) and the policy recommendations (n=32). We identified 10 categories of environmental drivers, four thematic groups of risk frameworks and three categories of policy recommendations. Overall, many of the included records on the risk frameworks/methodological tools expounded on the adoption of ecological niche modelling (ENM) for environmental monitoring of potential transmission pathways of EIDs and other biological threats.

CONCLUSION: This integrative review recommends the adoption of specialised risk mapping approaches such as ENM for environmental monitoring of EIDs under IRA processes. Findings from the review were used for the conceptualisation of an IRA framework for addressing environmentally driven EIDs.},
}

Humans
*Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean/epidemiology/transmission
Risk Assessment
Animals
Africa, Eastern/epidemiology
*Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo
*Marburg Virus Disease/epidemiology/transmission
*Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology/transmission
Climate Change

@article {pmid40239606,
year = {2025},
author = {Perozziello, A and Sta, A and Aubriot, B and Barruel, D and Dauriac-Le Masson, V},
title = {Transitions in mental health care utilisation at GHU Paris between 2019 and 2024: A post-pandemic perspective.},
journal = {Psychiatry research},
volume = {348},
number = {},
pages = {116482},
doi = {10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116482},
pmid = {40239606},
issn = {1872-7123},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyse the long-term evolution of mental health services use following the COVID-19 pandemic.

DESIGN: This was a retrospective study, conducted from 2019 to 2024, using the Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Psychiatry and Neurosciences (GHU Paris) databases.

METHODS: We considered the number of patients consulting at GHU Paris clinics, number of patients presenting at the emergency department (ED), and number of hospital admissions per week, by sex and age group. We performed a piecewise linear regression, using a threshold approach to identify time patterns between 2019 and 2024: pre-pandemic period (T1), short-term (T2) and long-term post-pandemic period (T3). Temporal changes in mental healthcare service use were then analysed.

RESULTS: No significant overall changes were observed in the number of outpatients after the COVID-19 pandemic, except for a slight increase among patients aged 15-24 years. The number of hospital admissions remained lower in 2024 compared with 2019, with a decreasing trend in T3 for all subgroups. In contrast, the number of ED visits increased over time, with higher use of emergency services by women and young people in 2024 compared with 2019. The overall long-term trend (T3) continued to show an increasing pattern. Additionally, a reduction in schizophrenia presentations was observed, while there was an overall increase in patients with substance use or neurotic disorders.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results described transitions in mental health service use at GHU Paris between 2019 and 2024, highlighting reduced hospital admissions, increased psychiatric emergencies, and changes in the reasons for seeking care.},
}

@article {pmid40238569,
year = {2025},
author = {Buceta-Albillos, N and Ayuga-Téllez, E},
title = {The Beneficial Interaction Between Human Well-Being and Natural Healthy Ecosystems: An Integrative Narrative Approach.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {22},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph22030427},
pmid = {40238569},
issn = {1660-4601},
mesh = {Humans ; *Ecosystem ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Climate Change ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {This study highlights the lack of research on the relationship between ecosystem services, climate change, and human well-being. The experiences with the COVID-19 pandemic show the value of the natural environment for people's well-being. We propose a framework that fosters an integrative approach to enhance our connection with nature, which is vital for tackling current environmental challenges. We reviewed over 70 articles and 160 references from databases such as Elsevier, ScienceDirect, Dialnet, MDPI, and Taylor & Francis, focusing on the correlation between pro-environmental behavior and emotional bonds with nature. Increasing our awareness of nature is crucial for fostering sustainable ecosystems. To deepen our understanding of how this connection influences human well-being and ecosystem health, we advocate for the application of specific neuroscience and artificial intelligence techniques. The study presents a compendium of prospective research topics for future investigation and analysis. In particular, it underscores the significance of this research for the development of effective policy and practical applications in the realm of conservation efforts.},
}

Humans
*Ecosystem
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Conservation of Natural Resources
Climate Change
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40238403,
year = {2025},
author = {Bauer, KL and Johnson-Koenke, R and Fort, MP},
title = {What Is Social Connection in the Context of Human Need: An Interdisciplinary Literature Review.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {22},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph22030363},
pmid = {40238403},
issn = {1660-4601},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; *Social Isolation ; Loneliness ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Public Health ; },
abstract = {The U.S. Surgeon General made an impactful declaration in the 2023 advisory on America's loneliness and social isolation epidemic that social connection, or human relationships, is a human need equivalent to water, food, and shelter. After witnessing the impact of social isolation measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a global urgency to better understand social connection in public health responses. However, meaningfully effective interventions for social isolation or loneliness have yet to be identified, and the consensus that social connection is an equivalent human need is unclear. To understand what social connection, oxygen, water, food, and shelter have in common regarding population health, we conducted an interdisciplinary literature review between September 2021 and October 2024, seeking to find commonalities between research literature advocating social connection as a human need critical to survival and key concepts across population health disciplines that explain how oxygen, water, food, and shelter function as human needs. We integrated the concepts of evolution, resource, environment, ecosystem, exposure science, embodiment, homeostasis, allostatic load theory, and interdisciplinary from 44 core publications to develop a unified conceptual model and definition for social connection as a human need. We believe a holistic understanding of social connection within the shared context of oxygen, water, food, and shelter can better support health researchers across a variety of disciplines to find common ground in developing evidence-based interventions within public health.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology
*Social Isolation
Loneliness
SARS-CoV-2
Public Health

@article {pmid40237465,
year = {2025},
author = {Denz, PJ and Yount, JS},
title = {IFITM3 variants point to a critical role in emergent virus infections.},
journal = {mBio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0334724},
doi = {10.1128/mbio.03347-24},
pmid = {40237465},
issn = {2150-7511},
abstract = {Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) is a cellular protein that restricts numerous viral infections by blocking virus-host membrane fusion. In humans, there are two IFITM3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs12252-C and rs34481144-A, that decrease IFITM3 activity and have been associated with severe illness following influenza virus infections. Mice lacking IFITM3 show increased influenza severity, supporting this association. However, some studies do not find a consistent link between IFITM3 SNPs and infection severity, causing uncertainty about its role in vivo. Review of the literature indicates that IFITM3 SNPs are primarily associated with increased viral disease in infections with emergent influenza viruses, such as the 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus and zoonotic H7N9 virus. Similarly, IFITM3 SNPs are reported to be risk factors for increased severity in other emergent infections, including SARS-CoV-2, Hantaan virus, and HIV. In contrast, most studies that failed to find an association examined seasonal influenza. We posit that adaptive immune mechanisms, including pre-existing antibodies and memory T cells against seasonally circulating viruses, compensate for IFITM3 deficiencies, therefore masking its role in seasonal influenza. We propose that IFITM3 is most critical in defending against emergent viruses and should be a key focus of public health strategies to prevent the emergence and spread of novel pathogens, with individuals carrying IFITM3 SNPs potentially benefiting from broadened vaccine coverage, avoidance of animal reservoirs, or enhanced masking to protect themselves and the wider population.},
}

@article {pmid40237463,
year = {2025},
author = {Hirsch, C and Zorger, AM and Baumann, M and Park, YS and Bröckelmann, PJ and Mellinghoff, S and Monsef, I and Skoetz, N and Kreuzberger, N},
title = {Vaccines for preventing infections in adults with solid tumours.},
journal = {The Cochrane database of systematic reviews},
volume = {4},
number = {},
pages = {CD015551},
pmid = {40237463},
issn = {1469-493X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Neoplasms/complications/immunology ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Adult ; Influenza Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Pneumococcal Vaccines ; Bias ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control ; Pneumococcal Infections/prevention & control ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Meningococcal Infections/prevention & control ; Placebos/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Infections are one of the most frequent complications seen in adults with cancer, often arising from the underlying condition or as a result of immunosuppressive treatments. Certain infections (e.g. influenza, pneumococcal disease, and meningococcal disease) may be prevented through vaccination. However, adults with solid tumours may elicit varying immune responses compared to healthy individuals.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits and risks of vaccines for the prevention of infectious diseases in adults with solid tumours.

SEARCH METHODS: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, two further databases, and two study registries from inception to 2 December 2024 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled non-randomised studies of interventions (NRSIs).

SELECTION CRITERIA: We included RCTs evaluating vaccines against the following infectious diseases in adults (≥ 18 years of age) with any diagnosis of solid tumour cancer compared to placebo or no vaccine: pneumococcal disease, Haemophilus influenzae type b disease, meningococcal disease, pertussis, hepatitis B, tetanus, polio, diphtheria, influenza, herpes zoster, and COVID-19. In cases where RCTs were unavailable, we included prospective controlled NRSIs. We excluded live-attenuated vaccines.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We followed standard Cochrane methodology. Two review authors independently screened search results, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias (RoB) in the included studies using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool for RCTs and ROBINS-I for NRSIs. We rated the certainty in the evidence using the GRADE approach for the following prioritised outcomes: incidence of infection concerned, all-cause mortality, quality of life, adverse events (AEs) of any grade, serious adverse events (SAEs), localised events at the injection site, and systemic events.

MAIN RESULTS: We included 10 studies (five RCTs and five NRSIs) involving 81,823 adults with solid tumours receiving vaccines to prevent infections with herpes zoster, influenza, or COVID-19. Six studies included participants with varied solid tumours, while two focused on neck and oesophageal cancer or lung cancer. We assessed the RCTs to be at low or moderate risk of bias, whereas most NRSIs were at critical risk of bias due to concerns about confounding. We identified two ongoing studies: one RCT evaluating an influenza vaccine, and one NRSI evaluating COVID-19 vaccines. Twelve studies are awaiting assessment. We did not identify RCTs or NRSIs of vaccines for preventing pneumococcal disease, Haemophilus influenzae type b disease, meningococcal disease, pertussis, hepatitis B, tetanus, polio, or diphtheria compared to placebo or no vaccine. The results from the RCTs are presented below. The results from the NRSIs are detailed in the main text of the review. No study reported quality of life. Vaccines for preventing herpes zoster compared to placebo or no vaccine Three RCTs (3054 participants) evaluated vaccines to prevent herpes zoster. Herpes zoster vaccines decrease the incidence of herpes zoster up to 29.4 months after the final dose (RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.59; 1 RCT, 2678 participants; high-certainty evidence). Herpes zoster vaccines probably make little or no difference to all-cause mortality up to 28 days after the final dose (RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.50; 2 RCTs, 2744 participants; moderate-certainty evidence); make little or no difference to any-grade AEs up to 30 days after final dose (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.05; 3 RCTs, 2976 participants; high-certainty evidence), and probably make little or no difference in SAEs up to 30 days (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.24; I² = 0%; 3 RCTs, 2976 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Vaccines to prevent herpes zoster increase the number of participants with localised events at the injection site compared to placebo or no vaccine (RR 6.81, 95% CI 2.52 to 18.40; 3 RCTs, 2966 participants; high-certainty evidence) and may make little or no difference to the number of participants with systemic events up to 30 days after final dose (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.50; 3 RCTs, 2966 participants; low-certainty evidence). Vaccines for preventing influenza compared to placebo or no vaccine One RCT (75 participants) evaluated vaccines to prevent influenza. We are uncertain about the effects of influenza vaccines administered prior to surgery on all-cause mortality (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.07 to 15.33; 1 RCT, 66 participants; very low-certainty evidence), any-grade AEs (RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.54; 1 RCT, 75 participants; very low-certainty evidence), and SAEs (RR 1.46, 95% CI 0.76 to 2.83; 1 RCT, 75 participants; very low-certainty evidence) up to 15 days post-surgery. The RCT did not report the incidence of influenza, localised events at the injection site, or systemic events. Vaccines for preventing COVID-19 compared to placebo or no vaccine One RCT (2256 participants) evaluated vaccines to prevent COVID-19. Participants may have been exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 variants alpha, beta, and gamma. Vaccines to prevent COVID-19 probably decrease the incidence of COVID-19 in participants without previous COVID-19 infection up to six months after the second dose (RR 0.08, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.25; 1 RCT, 2100 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). The COVID-19 vaccines probably increase any-grade AEs (RR 1.99, 95% CI 1.71 to 2.30; 1 RCT, 2328 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). They may have little or no effect on SAEs up to 6 months after the second dose (RR 1.43, 95% CI 0.80 to 2.54; 1 RCT, 2328 participants; low-certainty evidence). The RCT did not report localised events at the injection site or systemic events.

AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: In adults with solid tumours, herpes zoster vaccines reduced the incidence of herpes zoster (high-certainty evidence), although localised events at the injection site were more likely to occur (high-certainty evidence). The evidence is very uncertain about the effects of influenza vaccines on all-cause mortality, any-grade AEs, and SAEs (very low-certainty evidence); the incidence of influenza was not measured in the studies. COVID-19 vaccines probably decrease the incidence of COVID-19 in those without prior infection (moderate-certainty evidence) but probably increase any-grade AEs (moderate-certainty evidence). We found no RCTs or NRSIs investigating vaccines for preventing pneumococcal disease, Haemophilus influenzae type b disease, meningococcal disease, pertussis, hepatitis B, tetanus, polio, diphtheria compared to placebo or no vaccine, in adults with solid tumours. Additional research, preferably of RCT design, is necessary to resolve uncertainties.},
}

Humans
*Neoplasms/complications/immunology
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Adult
Influenza Vaccines/therapeutic use
Pneumococcal Vaccines
Bias
Influenza, Human/prevention & control
Pneumococcal Infections/prevention & control
COVID-19/prevention & control
COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects
Meningococcal Infections/prevention & control
Placebos/therapeutic use

@article {pmid40237012,
year = {2025},
author = {Mateu-Arrom, L and Puig, L},
title = {Infection Risk and Vaccination in the Management of Psoriasis: Considerations for Biologic Therapy.},
journal = {Psoriasis (Auckland, N.Z.)},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {127-144},
pmid = {40237012},
issn = {2230-326X},
abstract = {This narrative review examines critical considerations for biologic treatment in psoriasis patients, with a focus on infection risks, providing current recommendations and practical considerations for prevention, including vaccination, screening, and management strategies. Since type I (Th1) inflammation and type III (Th17) inflammation protect against intracellular and extracellular infections, respectively, it is logical that biologic treatments blocking these pathways may be associated with an increased risk of infection. It has been proven that TNF inhibitors are associated with an increased risk of latent tuberculosis (LTBI) and hepatitis B virus reactivation. However, not all biologics exert the same immunosuppressive effect, as IL-17 and IL-23 inhibitors may be associated with a lower risk of infection. In general, pre-treatment screening for reactivable infectious diseases is advised for all patients initiating biologic therapy. Vaccination schedules for patients with psoriasis under biologic treatment should mirror those of the general population, including annual influenza and COVID-19 vaccines. Live-attenuated vaccines are generally advised against in patients undergoing biologic treatment. However, some live-attenuated vaccines may be safely administered under specific circumstances with IL-17 or IL-23 inhibitors. Current guidelines and recommendations on this topic were initially designed for TNF inhibitors and later extrapolated to other classes of biologic agents. Thus, they should be revised to better align with the specific pathogenic mechanisms of drugs and clinical evidence, emphasizing individualized treatment approaches.},
}

@article {pmid40236285,
year = {2025},
author = {Müller, L and Wang, JJ and Dabbiru, VAS and Thiele, T and Schönborn, L},
title = {Anti-Platelet factor 4 immunothrombosis-not just heparin and vaccine triggers.},
journal = {Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis},
volume = {9},
number = {2},
pages = {102729},
pmid = {40236285},
issn = {2475-0379},
abstract = {Derailments at the tightly regulated interface of blood coagulation and innate inflammatory immune responses can lead to pathologic immunothrombosis. A special subset of immunothrombosis is caused by antibodies against platelet-factor 4 (PF4). Anti-PF4 antibodies triggered by heparin treatment in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) are known for more than 50 years. Interest in anti-PF4 disorders rekindled when first cases of vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT) occurred during the worldwide COVID-19 vaccination campaign. During this time new diagnostic procedures were established to identify affected patients and to differentiate between different kinds of anti-PF4 antibodies. This review article gives an overview about the current knowledge of HIT and VITT with concepts of the underlying pathogenesis. In addition to heparin and vaccination as known triggers for HIT and VITT, concepts for other clinical cases with anti-PF4 antibodies are described in more detail. Anti-PF4 antibodies in atypical HIT-like syndromes could be triggered by presentation of various polyanions, eg, in settings of orthopedic surgery or bacterial infections. Anti-PF4 antibodies in acute VITT-like disorders can occur after viral infections. Chronic VITT-like anti-PF4 antibodies causing recurrent thrombosis and thrombocytopenia are often linked to monoclonal gammopathies. For all disorders with anti-PF4 antibodies, timely identification in patients with thrombocytopenia with or without thrombosis is crucial for successful therapy.},
}

@article {pmid40235636,
year = {2025},
author = {Hamelin, DJ and Scicluna, M and Saadie, I and Mostefai, F and Grenier, JC and Baron, C and Caron, E and Hussin, JG},
title = {Predicting pathogen evolution and immune evasion in the age of artificial intelligence.},
journal = {Computational and structural biotechnology journal},
volume = {27},
number = {},
pages = {1370-1382},
pmid = {40235636},
issn = {2001-0370},
abstract = {The genomic diversification of viral pathogens during viral epidemics and pandemics represents a major adaptive route for infectious agents to circumvent therapeutic and public health initiatives. Historically, strategies to address viral evolution have relied on responding to emerging variants after their detection, leading to delays in effective public health responses. Because of this, a long-standing yet challenging objective has been to forecast viral evolution by predicting potentially harmful viral mutations prior to their emergence. The promises of artificial intelligence (AI) coupled with the exponential growth of viral data collection infrastructures spurred by the COVID-19 pandemic, have resulted in a research ecosystem highly conducive to this objective. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic accelerating the development of pandemic mitigation and preparedness strategies, many of the methods discussed here were designed in the context of SARS-CoV-2 evolution. However, most of these pipelines were intentionally designed to be adaptable across RNA viruses, with several strategies already applied to multiple viral species. In this review, we explore recent breakthroughs that have facilitated the forecasting of viral evolution in the context of an ongoing pandemic, with particular emphasis on deep learning architectures, including the promising potential of language models (LM). The approaches discussed here employ strategies that leverage genomic, epidemiologic, immunologic and biological information.},
}

@article {pmid40068656,
year = {2025},
author = {Chutinet, A and Charnnarong, C and Suwanwela, NC},
title = {Stroke from Infection.},
journal = {Cerebrovascular diseases extra},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {118-129},
doi = {10.1159/000544986},
pmid = {40068656},
issn = {1664-5456},
mesh = {Humans ; *Stroke/microbiology/physiopathology/epidemiology/diagnosis/immunology ; Risk Factors ; Risk Assessment ; Prognosis ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; *Bacterial Infections/epidemiology/diagnosis/complications ; *Virus Diseases/epidemiology/diagnosis ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Stroke related to infections represents a less common but significant cause, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This review examines the pathophysiology of stroke from infections, involving both direct and indirect mechanisms.

SUMMARY: Bacterial infections such as tuberculous meningitis and infective endocarditis can directly cause strokes through local inflammation, arteritis, and septic embolism. Viral infections like Varicella zoster virus and HIV increase stroke risk through chronic immune activation, vasculopathy, and endothelial dysfunction. Parasitic infections, particularly malaria and neurocysticercosis, can cause strokes via vascular occlusion and inflammatory responses. Fungal infections like aspergillosis and mucormycosis can lead to strokes through vasculitis and direct invasion of the CNS.

KEY MESSAGES: Understanding the mechanisms by which various infectious agents contribute to stroke pathogenesis is essential for developing targeted therapeutic strategies and improving patient outcomes. Further research is needed to establish effective prevention and treatment for infection-related strokes, especially in low- and middle-income countries.},
}

Humans
*Stroke/microbiology/physiopathology/epidemiology/diagnosis/immunology
Risk Factors
Risk Assessment
Prognosis
Host-Pathogen Interactions
*Bacterial Infections/epidemiology/diagnosis/complications
*Virus Diseases/epidemiology/diagnosis

@article {pmid40235384,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, C and Chen, F and Lü, S},
title = {[Current status and challenges of zoonosis prevention and control: a One Health perspective].},
journal = {Zhongguo xue xi chong bing fang zhi za zhi = Chinese journal of schistosomiasis control},
volume = {37},
number = {1},
pages = {98-103},
doi = {10.16250/j.32.1915.2024105},
pmid = {40235384},
issn = {1005-6661},
support = {NPRC-2019-194-30//National Parasite Resource Center/ ; H-2018072//Special Fund for the Training of High-Level Health and Medical Science and Technology Talents in Yunnan Province/ ; },
mesh = {*Zoonoses/prevention & control ; *One Health ; Humans ; Animals ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Echinococcosis/prevention & control ; Rabies/prevention & control ; Schistosomiasis/prevention & control ; },
abstract = {Zoonosis prevention and control is a complex public health concern, which requires the collaboration of multiple regions, disciplines, and departments to enhance the effectiveness. The One Health concept aims to achieve the joint health security of humans, animals and environments through cross-disciplinary, cross-sector and cross-field collaborations. This review summarizes the development of One Health and the successful practices in the prevention and control of echinococcosis, rabies, COVID-19 and schistosomiasis, as well as explores the challenges faced in applying this concept to the prevention and control of zoonoses, so as to provide insights into formulation of the integrated zoonoses control strategy and implementation of zoonoses control interventions at the human-animal-environment interface.},
}

*Zoonoses/prevention & control
*One Health
Humans
Animals
COVID-19/prevention & control
Echinococcosis/prevention & control
Rabies/prevention & control
Schistosomiasis/prevention & control

@article {pmid40235373,
year = {2025},
author = {Wei, C and Lin, Z and Yang, Z and Zhou, H and Zhou, X and Yang, R},
title = {[Malaria elimination strategy and joint prevention and control of malaria across China-Myanmar border areas: an overview].},
journal = {Zhongguo xue xi chong bing fang zhi za zhi = Chinese journal of schistosomiasis control},
volume = {37},
number = {1},
pages = {19-23},
doi = {10.16250/j.32.1915.2024281},
pmid = {40235373},
issn = {1005-6661},
mesh = {*Malaria/prevention & control/epidemiology ; Humans ; Myanmar/epidemiology ; China/epidemiology ; *Disease Eradication/methods ; },
abstract = {Yunnan Province borders with Myanmar, Vietnam, and Laos, the China-Myanmar border area is the key area for prevention of re-establishment from imported malaria after the disease was eliminated in China. Since the malaria elimination action plan was launched in Yunnan Province in 2011, 129 counties (cities, districts) were classified into three categories according to malaria incidence and transmission risk, and different technical strategies and measures were implemented with adaptations to local circumstances. A total of 68 malaria consultation service stations were established on the Chinese side of the China-Myanmar border and 80 malaria prevention and control stations were established on the Myanmar side by Yunnan Province in 2014. Then, the "Three Lines of Defense" strategy was implemented for malaria elimination in the China-Myanmar border area in Yunnan Province during the period from 2015 to 2018, and this strategy was further refined and adjusted to the "3 + 1" strategy for prevention of re-establishment from imported malaria in 2019. Through decades of multifaceted efforts, the malaria elimination goal was achieved in Yunnan Province in June 2021. However, the number of imported malaria cases appeared a tendency towards a rise in Yunnan Province in 2023 and 2024, due to changes in the situation in Myanmar and the gradual resumption of international travel and border crossings following the adjustment of the COVID-19 prevention and control policy in China. The joint malaria prevention and control cooperation between China and Myanmar was initiated with the pilot project for joint malaria prevention and control in the China-Myanmar border area in 2005, and this project was progressed into the joint malaria and dengue fever prevention and control project in parts of the Greater Mekong Subregion border areas in 2010. The threat of overseas malaria epidemics to border areas in Yunnan Province was effectively reduced through implementation of coordination meetings with Myanmar health departments, establishment of efficient information exchange mechanisms, establishment of overseas surveillance sentinel sites, technical training, provision of material supports, joint propagation activities and joint responses to malaria epidemics. This project was incorporated into the Five-Year Plan of Action on Lancang-Mekong Cooperation (2018-2022) in China in 2018, with 5 liaison offices and 20 liaison workstations established in Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Thailand, and 21 cross-border malaria surveillance sites assigned in border areas of Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam, and a long-term malaria prevention and control cooperation mechanisms was established through meetings, training, propagation, and joint investigations. Currently, Yunnan Province is poised to engage in more extensive and in-depth cooperation with neighboring countries, including malaria diagnosis and treatment techniques, drug and vaccine research and development, talent cultivation, information sharing, cross-border human health services, and health promotion, under the guidance of the Five-Year Plan of Action on Lancang-Mekong Cooperation (2023-2027).},
}

*Malaria/prevention & control/epidemiology
Humans
Myanmar/epidemiology
China/epidemiology
*Disease Eradication/methods

@article {pmid40234876,
year = {2025},
author = {Ren, X and Liu, G and Zhou, J},
title = {Nuclear-activating miRNAs: unveiling the intricacies of subcellular miRNA function and regulation in cancer and immunity disease.},
journal = {Cancer cell international},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {147},
pmid = {40234876},
issn = {1475-2867},
support = {20-205-4-096//Shenyang Science and Technology Project of China/ ; },
abstract = {MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that traditionally recognized as negative regulators of gene expression through post-transcriptional regulation in the cytoplasm. However, recent discoveries have unveiled some novel miRNA functions in the cell nucleus, where a subset of miRNAs, termed nuclear-activating miRNAs (NamiRNAs), play pivotal roles in gene activation and transcriptional regulation for cancer and immunity disease. The discovery of NamiRNAs demonstrated a complementary regulatory function of miRNA, showing their differential activities in the nucleus and cytoplasm. This review aims to explore the biogenesis, mechanisms, and regulatory functions of NamiRNAs, deciphering their involvement in NamiRNA-gene network for gene expression modulation, and emerging significance as drug targets against cancer.},
}

@article {pmid40234831,
year = {2025},
author = {Cheuyem, FZL and Amani, A and Achangwa, C and Ajong, BN and Minkandi, CA and Zeh, MMMK and Ntsek, LLE and Essomba, JP and Jiogue, RC and Ndagijimana, O and Nchanji, NE and Danwang, C},
title = {COVID- 19 vaccine uptake and its determinants in Cameroon: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2021-2024).},
journal = {BMC infectious diseases},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {525},
pmid = {40234831},
issn = {1471-2334},
mesh = {Humans ; Cameroon/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Vaccination Hesitancy/statistics & numerical data ; *Vaccination/statistics & numerical data ; Adult ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 vaccination is crucial for mitigating the pandemic's impact. However, vaccine hesitancy and access challenges have hindered global vaccination efforts. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled COVID-19 vaccine uptake proportion and identify associated determinants in Cameroon.

METHODS: This review, conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, identified articles through searches of electronic databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, as well as through gray literature. The search encompassed published and unpublished studies from 2021 to 2024 reporting on COVID-19 vaccine uptake and/or acceptance in Cameroon. Extracted data were compiled in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using R statistical software (version 4.4.2). A random-effects model was employed when heterogeneity exceeded 50%. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots, Egger's and Begg's tests. Meta-regression was used to explore the influence of study characteristics.

RESULTS: Twenty-two studies, encompassing 24,130 participants, were included. The pooled vaccine uptake proportion was 37.14% (95% CI: 29.24-45.05) with substantial heterogeneity (I[2] = 98.2%, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed lower uptake among the general population (23.18%; 95% CI: 10.11-36.25) and in community settings (16.0%; 95% CI: 0.97-31.04) compared with healthcare workers (42.12%; 95% CI: 34.14-50.09). Younger age (OR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.42-0.67) was inversely associated with vaccine uptake, while being in a partnership (OR = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.11-2.27) was positively associated. Higher levels of education (OR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.56-1.97), urban residence (OR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.21-2.29) were positively associated with vaccine acceptance.

CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis revealed a suboptimal pooled COVID-19 vaccine uptake required to ensure a herd immunity. The results of this meta-analysis underline the crucial need to step up efforts to improve vaccination coverage, particularly among the most vulnerable populations. Identifying and addressing the factors underlying this low coverage is imperative if public health objectives are to be met. Public health interventions should be tailored to address the specific concerns and needs of different age groups and marital statuses.},
}

Humans
Cameroon/epidemiology
*COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology
*COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Vaccination Hesitancy/statistics & numerical data
*Vaccination/statistics & numerical data
Adult

@article {pmid40234308,
year = {2025},
author = {Suhr, M and Keese, M},
title = {The Role of Virtual Physical Therapy in the Management of Musculoskeletal Patients: Current Practices and Future Implications.},
journal = {Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40234308},
issn = {1935-973X},
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The rapid evolution of virtual technology and artificial intelligence (AI), combined with physical distancing limitations imparted by the COVID- 19 pandemic, has hastened the shift of healthcare toward digitally enabled practitioners. As physical therapy embraces virtual care, its impact is far-reaching across stakeholders, affecting patients, providers, and payors. This article seeks to explore the role of virtual physical therapy (VPT) in managing patients with musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions and its impact on healthcare and patient outcomes.

RECENT FINDINGS: While research on VPT is growing, high-quality studies remain limited due to challenges in conducting blinded, randomized controlled trials, sponsor bias, and the diversity of digital solutions that complicate comparative studies. Nevertheless, general literature trends show that VPT, particularly when guided by a physical therapist, can yield improvements in pain and function comparable to in-person therapy. VPT demonstrates fair to excellent reliability and validity across key assessment areas, successfully identifying MSK diagnoses and delivering outcomes similar to conventional treatment for pain, function, and quality of life across multiple MSK disorders. Additionally, VPT addresses adherence issues by reducing travel, costs, and exposure risks, while technology enhancements foster patient engagement and communication with therapists. By increasing access and adherence to PT, VPT has the potential to optimize outcomes and curb long-term healthcare costs by preventing progression to more expensive interventions. Virtual care harnesses technology to advance musculoskeletal care by improving access, enhancing patient-provider communication and connection, and optimizing patient engagement and outcomes. VPT moves beyond replication of the in-person experience to an enhanced patient journey. This journey taps into technological advancements to deliver a more integrated experience that engages and supports the patient. VPT offers a sophisticated model of care from the therapist, emphasizing evidence-based practice and critical thinking.},
}

@article {pmid40234304,
year = {2025},
author = {Boulton, AJM and Jenkins, AJ and Makkar, B and Mankovsky, B and Abera, MA and Tesfaye, S},
title = {Diabetes and natural and man-made disasters: prevention, preparation, response and recovery.},
journal = {Diabetologia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40234304},
issn = {1432-0428},
abstract = {Both the global prevalence of diabetes and the frequency of natural and man-made disasters are increasing. Of all chronic diseases, the consequences of sudden loss of medical supplies are most serious for those with diabetes, with people living with type 1 diabetes being at risk of death within a few days without insulin. This review considers how to prepare for and respond to sudden reductions in medical supplies to those with diabetes. Recent experiences with the COVID-19 pandemic in India, the war in Ukraine and the war/blockade in the Tigray region of Ethiopia are described, and the importance of prevention, preparedness, response and recovery are discussed. It is hoped that lessons from these and other disasters and ongoing advocacy and other actions may help to mitigate the risks of significant morbidity and mortality for people with diabetes in disaster-impacted regions across the world.},
}

@article {pmid40233916,
year = {2025},
author = {Pan, M and Cao, W and Zhai, J and Zheng, C and Xu, Y and Zhang, P},
title = {mRNA-based vaccines and therapies - a revolutionary approach for conquering fast-spreading infections and other clinical applications: a review.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {143134},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143134},
pmid = {40233916},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the development of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines has made significant progress in the pharmaceutical industry. The two COVID-19 mRNA vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer/BioNTech have been approved for marketing and have made significant contributions to preventing the spread of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, mRNA therapy has brought hope to some diseases that do not have specific treatment methods or are difficult to treat, such as the Zika virus and influenza virus infections, as well as the prevention and treatment of tumors. With the rapid development of in vitro transcription (IVT) technology, delivery systems, and adjuvants, mRNA therapy has also been applied to hereditary diseases such as Fabry's disease. This article reviews the recent development of mRNA vaccines for structural modification, treatment and prevention of different diseases; delivery carriers and adjuvants; and routes of administration to promote the clinical application of mRNA therapies.},
}

@article {pmid40233885,
year = {2025},
author = {Wu, H and Weng, R and Li, J and Huang, Z and Tie, X and Li, J and Chen, K},
title = {Self-Assembling protein nanoparticle platform for multivalent antigen delivery in vaccine development.},
journal = {International journal of pharmaceutics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {125597},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125597},
pmid = {40233885},
issn = {1873-3476},
abstract = {Nanoparticle vaccines can efficiently and repeatedly display multivalent antigens, thereby improving the targeted delivery of antigens and inducing more durable immune responses, making them an important representative of novel vaccines. The global COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development of nanoparticle vaccines, offering a promising solution for the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Currently, the development of nanoparticle vaccines involves the use of various types of nanoparticles, including liposomes, polymers, inorganic materials, and emulsions. Protein nanoparticles candidate vaccines are attracting increasing attention because of their unique antigen presentation methods and self-assembly characteristics during their development, leading to a broad consensus on their promising future. Naturally self-assembling protein nanoparticles, such as ferritin, enhance antigen presentation, which aids in the activation of both humoral and cellular immune responses. This has led to significant advancements in the study of hepatitis B virus. Meanwhile, some synthetically engineered protein nanoparticles, such as mi3, and I53-50, can induce higher antibody titers through chemical conjugation with the SpyTag-SpyCatcher system, thereby providing better immunoprotection and showing promising prospects in the prevention of H1N1 and H3N2 influenza virus infections. This article reviews the unique advantages of protein nanoparticles as antigen delivery platforms, progress made in immunological design mechanisms, advances in the application of related adjuvants in preclinical and clinical trials, and the performance of commonly used computationally designed protein nanoparticles in preclinical trials, with a particular emphasis on the progress in the application of cationic nanoparticle vaccines. The aim is to provide future researchers with effective adjuvant strategies and high-quality selections for computationally designed protein nanoparticles, thereby promoting the clinical trial process of protein nanoparticles vaccines.},
}

@article {pmid40233794,
year = {2025},
author = {Zwicklbauer, K and Bergmann, M and Alberer, M and von Both, U and Hartmann, K},
title = {[Feline infectious peritonitis - a current overview].},
journal = {Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K, Kleintiere/Heimtiere},
volume = {53},
number = {2},
pages = {96-102},
doi = {10.1055/a-2524-3760},
pmid = {40233794},
issn = {2567-5842},
mesh = {Animals ; *Feline Infectious Peritonitis/virology/diagnosis/therapy/drug therapy/epidemiology ; Cats ; *Coronavirus, Feline/genetics/pathogenicity ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {Coronaviruses (CoVs) are positive, single-stranded RNA viruses that can infect various animal species as well as humans. Particularly relevant for cats is the feline coronavirus (FCoV), which is widespread in cat populations worldwide. Infection with FCoV is usually asymptomatic. However, in multi-cat households, approximately 5-12% of FCoV-infected cats develop feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) due to mutations in the spike gene. FIP is an immune-mediated disease that previously was always fatal. These mutations result in a tropism shift from enterocytes to monocytes and macrophages. The associated change in the virulence of FCoV leads to the characteristic granulomatous vasculitis and perivasculitis observed in FIP. Recently, significant advancements have been made in understanding FIP. Studies show that antiviral drugs used in human medicine, such as the nucleoside analog GS-441524, are effective against FIP and can provide affected cats with a survival chance of up to 100%. Additionally, a novel FCoV variant, FCoV-23, has been identified in cats from Cyprus. According to newest research, this virus arose through a recombination between FCoV and the highly virulent pantropic canine coronavirus; it can be directly transmitted from cat to cat and lead to FIP. Furthermore, increasing evidence suggests that FIP is frequently associated with myocarditis. This article provides an overview of the current knowledge on FIP, including its pathology, clinical signs, effective treatment options, and preventive measures.},
}

Animals
*Feline Infectious Peritonitis/virology/diagnosis/therapy/drug therapy/epidemiology
Cats
*Coronavirus, Feline/genetics/pathogenicity
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use

@article {pmid40233451,
year = {2025},
author = {Yao, Z and Feng, Z and Zhang, H and Zhang, B},
title = {ScRNA-Seq reveals T cell immunity in COVID-19 patients and implications for immunotherapy.},
journal = {International immunopharmacology},
volume = {155},
number = {},
pages = {114663},
doi = {10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114663},
pmid = {40233451},
issn = {1878-1705},
abstract = {SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, poses significant health threats due to its high transmissibility and potential for severe respiratory complications. T cells, central to adaptive immunity, also interact with innate immunity, playing a pivotal role in coordinating defenses and eliminating infected cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has provided more subtle heterogeneity, rare subpopulations, or new subpopulations that are at the district differentiation stage or with specific function. Thus, elucidating how T cell heterogeneity impacts COVID-19 disease severity remains a critical question requiring comprehensive analysis. This review revealed the heterogeneity of the host T cells, including conventional T cells (CD8[+], CD4[+] T cells) and unconventional T cells, including natural killer T (NKT) cells, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) and gamma-delta T (γδT) cells in COVID-19 patients with different clinical manifestations. Severe COVID-19 had marked lymphopenia, excessive activation, elevated exhaustion and reduced functional diversity of T cells. Pathogenic contributions arise from dysregulated cytotoxic T cells, Treg cells and unconventional T cells collectively driving systemic hyperinflammation and tissue injury. Current therapeutic strategies targeting T cells-such as enhancing virus-specific T cell responses, reverting T-cell exhaustion and alleviating inflammation-exhibit inconsistent efficacy, underscoring the need for combinatorial approaches. This review highlights how scRNA-seq deciphers T cell heterogeneity and dysfunction in COVID-19. By targeting T cell exhaustion, inflammation, and subset-specific deficits, these insights pave the way for therapies and vaccines.},
}

@article {pmid40232102,
year = {2025},
author = {Lin, D and Chen, W and Lin, Z and Liu, L and Zhang, M and Yang, H and Liu, Z and Chen, L},
title = {Viral Transmission in Sea Food Systems: Strategies for Control and Emerging Challenges.},
journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {40232102},
issn = {2304-8158},
abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic had widespread and severe impacts on both the global economy and human health. Facing the continuously mutating virus, this crisis has heightened concerns among consumers and businesses regarding viral transmission through seafood, particularly in the face of emerging, unknown viruses, underscoring our preparedness gaps. This review provides a succinct overview of the survival mechanisms of prevalent viruses in seafood, examines potential transmission pathways to humans during seafood processing, and discusses strategies for mitigating their spread throughout the seafood supply chain. Furthermore, the discussion highlights emerging trends in innovative antiviral technologies aimed at enhancing food safety. Person-to-person transmission remains the most likely source of infection within the supply chain. Therefore, it is still imperative to adhere to the implementation of standard processes, namely good manufacturing practices (GMP) and good hygiene practices (GHP), in the seafood business. In light of the significant losses caused by this crisis and the persistent presence of various viruses within the seafood supply chain, efforts are needed to implement predictive and preventive measures against potential emerging viruses. Future research should focus on monitoring and limiting viral transmission by integrating Industry 4.0 applications, smart technologies, and antiviral packaging, maximizing the potential of these emerging solutions.},
}

@article {pmid39924244,
year = {2025},
author = {Ishizuka, Y and Oe, Y and Kinomura, S and Kin, S and Noguchi, Y and Kikuchi, K and Yoshida, M and Makino, R and Okamoto, K and Nagasawa, T and Toyohara, T and Miyazaki, M and Sato, H and Onishi, Y and Warita, H and Tanaka, T},
title = {Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia/Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma Developing Renal AA Amyloidosis: A Case Report and Literature Review.},
journal = {Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)},
volume = {64},
number = {8},
pages = {1199-1204},
doi = {10.2169/internalmedicine.4678-24},
pmid = {39924244},
issn = {1349-7235},
mesh = {Humans ; *Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia/complications/diagnosis ; Male ; Aged ; *Amyloidosis/etiology/diagnosis ; Nephrotic Syndrome/etiology ; Fatal Outcome ; COVID-19/complications ; *Kidney Diseases/etiology/diagnosis ; Kidney/pathology ; Serum Amyloid A Protein ; },
abstract = {AA amyloidosis is a rare renal complication of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia/lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (WM/LPL). A 66-year-old man with WM/LPL presented with nephrotic syndrome. A renal biopsy showed AA amyloidosis. Chemotherapy resulted in the remission of hematologic and nephrotic syndromes. Two years into follow-up, he became infected with coronavirus disease 2019 and had massive proteinuria, despite no relapse of WM/LPL. A second renal biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of AA amyloidosis. However, increased prednisolone did not improve proteinuria. The patient ultimately died of cryptococcal meningitis. This case highlights the diverse spectrum of renal involvement in monoclonal IgM-secreting diseases and difficulty in managing fatal complications.},
}

Humans
*Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia/complications/diagnosis
Male
Aged
*Amyloidosis/etiology/diagnosis
Nephrotic Syndrome/etiology
Fatal Outcome
COVID-19/complications
*Kidney Diseases/etiology/diagnosis
Kidney/pathology
Serum Amyloid A Protein

@article {pmid40231930,
year = {2025},
author = {Jackson, A and Lewis-Lloyd, CA and Merotohun, O and Crooks, CJ and Humes, DJ},
title = {Venous thromboembolism risk in the postoperative interval during the COVID-19 pandemic: meta-analysis.},
journal = {BJS open},
volume = {9},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/bjsopen/zraf039},
pmid = {40231930},
issn = {2474-9842},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/complications ; *Venous Thromboembolism/epidemiology/etiology ; *Postoperative Complications/epidemiology ; Incidence ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, global trends emerged, indicating increased venous thromboembolism (VTE) incidence among postoperative patients, potentially attributable to perioperative COVID-19 infection. However, there are insufficient data on VTE incidence among postoperative patients in the context of the pandemic. The aim of this study was to examine the global incidence of postoperative VTE during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: A systematic search of MEDLINE and Embase databases, as well as three other registered databases, was conducted from 1 January 2019 to 3 November 2023, with pre-registration in PROSPERO, the international prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42023460464). Any study reporting patients aged ≥18 years undergoing surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic was included. Outcomes were aggregated absolute and unadjusted relative risks, plus incidence rates per 1000 person-years, of 30- or 90-day postoperative VTE in patients operated on before or during the COVID-19 pandemic and those with or without perioperative COVID-19 infection during the pandemic.

RESULTS: Of 5943 studies, 17 were available for meta-analysis, reporting on 3 035 037 patients. VTE incidence rates in perioperative COVID-19-positive compared with COVID-19-negative patients were significantly higher after total joint arthroplasty (244 (95% c.i. 110 to 541) versus 71 (95% c.i. 47 to 108) per 1000 person-years), other orthopaedic surgery (253 (95% c.i. 240 to 266) versus 138 (95% c.i. 84 to 229) per 1000 person-years), and emergency general and gastrointestinal surgery (474 (95% c.i. 226 to 995) versus 97 (95% c.i. 61 to 157) per 1000 person-years). No significant differences in VTE rates were reported in studies comparing pre-pandemic and pandemic VTE incidence rates.

CONCLUSION: There were consistent increased VTE rates in perioperative COVID-19-positive patients, particularly those undergoing orthopaedic surgery, and emergency general and gastrointestinal surgery. Further investigation is required to delineate postoperative VTE risk and how it varies by COVID-19 variant and vaccination to inform future practice.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/complications
*Venous Thromboembolism/epidemiology/etiology
*Postoperative Complications/epidemiology
Incidence
SARS-CoV-2
Risk Factors

@article {pmid40231656,
year = {2025},
author = {Phillips, B and Abbott, C and Breit, S and St Onge, E},
title = {Olezarsen for the Treatment of Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome.},
journal = {The Annals of pharmacotherapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {10600280251332500},
doi = {10.1177/10600280251332500},
pmid = {40231656},
issn = {1542-6270},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of olezarsen (Tryngolza) in treating familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS), a rare genetic disorder characterized by severe hypertriglyceridemia.

DATA SOURCES: A comprehensive literature search was conducted via PubMed from January 2022 to mid-March 2025, using keywords such as olezarsen, antisense oligonucleotide, triglyceride, hypertriglyceridemia, apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3), and cardiovascular.

Relevant English-language studies assessing the pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, efficacy, or safety of olezarsen were included. Data from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved package insert were also reviewed.

DATA SYNTHESIS: Olezarsen is an antisense oligonucleotide targeting APOC3 mRNA, a key regulator of plasma triglyceride levels. It has been shown to significantly reduce triglyceride levels via APOC3 protein degradation. Clinical trials have demonstrated substantial reductions in triglyceride levels and APOC3, with minimal adverse events. Phase 2 and 3 trials showed consistent efficacy and safety profiles, with common adverse events including COVID-19 infection, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice in Comparison to Existing Drugs:Olezarsen offers a targeted and effective treatment for FCS, addressing limitations of traditional therapies such as fibrates, omega-3 fatty acids, and statins. Its novel mechanism of action and once-monthly dosing regimen may improve patient adherence, providing significant advancement in FCS management.

CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: Olezarsen represents a new treatment for FCS, offering a targeted approach to significantly reduce triglyceride levels. Its integration into clinical practice has the potential to transform the management of FCS; however, more studies are needed to firmly establish its role.},
}

@article {pmid40231214,
year = {2025},
author = {Serafini, RA and Frere, JJ and Giosan, IM and Nwaneshiudu, CA},
title = {SARS-CoV-2-induced sensory perturbations: A narrative review of clinical phenotypes, molecular pathologies, and possible interventions.},
journal = {Brain, behavior, & immunity - health},
volume = {45},
number = {},
pages = {100983},
pmid = {40231214},
issn = {2666-3546},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The acute and post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been of great clinical interest since the inception of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite a high prevalence of individuals with persistent symptoms, a wholistic view of the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on special sensory systems is lacking. Considering the significant impact of normal sensory function on quality of life, the goal of this review is to highlight unresolved issues related to SARS-CoV-2-associated insults to the sensory nervous system.

MAJOR FINDINGS: In this narrative review, we discuss the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2-induced sensory perturbations, underlying pathological mechanisms, and possible therapeutic strategies across the olfactory, gustatory, somatosensory, visual, and auditory systems. Examined literature included studies with human biospecimens, human-derived cell lines, and naturally susceptible animal models, which highlighted evidence of persistent functional disruption in all sensory systems. SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with persistent inflammation in the olfactory epithelium/bulb, somatosensory ganglia, and gustatory systems, long-term transcriptional perturbations in the sensory central nervous system and peripheral nervous system, and detectable degeneration/apoptosis in the gustatory and visual systems. Few studies have proposed evidence-based therapeutic strategies for attenuating specific sensory abnormalities after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

CONCLUSION: While the olfactory system, and to some extent the visual and somatosensory systems, have been more thoroughly investigated from symptomatology, behavioral and molecular perspectives, there is still an unmet need for the development of therapeutics to treat COVID-induced impairment of these systems. Further, additional attention must be placed on COVID-associated impairment of the gustatory, visual, and auditory systems, which lack detailed mechanistic investigations into their pathogenesis.},
}

@article {pmid40231071,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhao, X and Du, X and Bai, S and Zheng, P and Zhou, X and Wang, Z},
title = {Differences in depression prevalence among older adults in China before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e19251},
pmid = {40231071},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; China/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Aged ; *Depression/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; Female ; Male ; Aged, 80 and over ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Changes in the prevalence of depression during the COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic among older adults in China have not been systematically evaluated. We aimed to systematically summarize existing evidence to conduct a meta-analysis to quantify changes in the prevalence of depression before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: The PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WangFang Data, CQVIP, and China Biology Medicine disc (CBMdisc) databases were searched from January 1, 2017, to November 20, 2024. Studies reporting the prevalence of depression among Chinese individuals aged 60 or older using validated diagnostic tools were included. A random-effects model was applied to estimate pooled prevalence, with subgroup analyses performed by demographic and socio-economic factors. Relative risks (RR) were calculated to compare prevalence across different pandemic stages.

RESULTS: A total of 101 studies involving 264,758 participants were included. The pooled prevalence of depression among older adults was 25.8% (95% CI [21.7-29.9]) from 2017-2019 and 23.8% (95% CI [19.8-27.8]) from 2020-2023. During the early pandemic stage (January-April 2020), prevalence significantly decreased (RR = 0.849, P < .001) but increased in later stages, reaching 24.4% by 2021-2023. The prevalence of depression among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic showed a significant increasing trend (P trend  < .001). Subgroup analyses revealed higher prevalence among females, rural residents, individuals with lower education levels, and those living alone.

CONCLUSION: Depression prevalence among older adults in China decreased during the early pandemic response but showed an increasing trend over time, reflecting the complex mental health impact of prolonged public health measures. Effective interventions are needed to address the specific needs of vulnerable subgroups during and beyond public health crises.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology
China/epidemiology
Prevalence
Aged
*Depression/epidemiology
Middle Aged
SARS-CoV-2
Pandemics
Female
Male
Aged, 80 and over

@article {pmid40228664,
year = {2025},
author = {Gabizon, AA},
title = {Cancer nanomedicine from a clinician-scientist perspective: Lessons and prospects.},
journal = {Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {113731},
doi = {10.1016/j.jconrel.2025.113731},
pmid = {40228664},
issn = {1873-4995},
abstract = {The nanomedicine field has progressed enormously in the last couple of decades. From a loose group of liposomologists, polymer scientists, chemical engineers, and experts in metal nanoparticles, mesoporous silica, and other nanomaterials, the field has gradually consolidated and has generated vast amounts of research and clinical data, but, until the development of lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-based vaccinations for Covid-19, has remained with low visibility in the clinic. Applications in the cancer field are the most frequently sought projects in nanomedicine. For the last 45 years, my clinical career has mingled with my research career focusing on ways to formulate drugs in liposomes to improve their safety and efficacy in cancer therapy. In this review, I will discuss my contribution to the development of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and other cancer nanomedicines from my privileged position as a clinician and scientist.},
}

@article {pmid40227513,
year = {2025},
author = {Casazza, M and Bolz, M and Huemer, J},
title = {Telemedicine in ophthalmology.},
journal = {Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40227513},
issn = {1563-258X},
abstract = {Since its beginnings in the 1970s, telemedicine has advanced extensively. Telemedicine is now more accessible and powerful than ever thanks to developments in medical imaging, Internet accessibility, advancements in telecommunications infrastructure, exponential growth in computing power, and related computer-aided diagnoses. This is especially true in the field of ophthalmology. With the COVID 19 pandemic serving as a catalyst for the widespread adoption and acceptance of teleophthalmology, new models of healthcare provision integrating telemedicine are needed to meet the challenges of the modern world. The demand for ophthalmic services is growing globally due to population growth, aging, and a shortage of ophthalmologists. In this review, we discuss the development and use of telemedicine in the field of ophthalmology and shed light on the benefits and drawbacks of teleophthalmology.},
}

@article {pmid40227096,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, J and Zhou, J and Li, P and Wang, Y and Ridderhof, N and Al-Tawfiq, JA and Brouwer, WP and Chen, K and de Knegt, RJ and Peppelenbosch, MP and Hansen, BE and Engel, MFM and Zheng, MH and Memish, ZA and Eslam, M and Janssen, HLA and Pan, Q and Ayada, I},
title = {The global prevalence and impact of steatotic liver disease and viral infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Hepatology communications},
volume = {9},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/HC9.0000000000000689},
pmid = {40227096},
issn = {2471-254X},
mesh = {Humans ; Prevalence ; *Fatty Liver/epidemiology/virology ; Coinfection/epidemiology ; *HIV Infections/epidemiology/complications ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/complications ; Global Health ; Hepatitis C/epidemiology ; Hepatitis B/epidemiology/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Steatotic liver disease (SLD) affects ~30% of adults worldwide. The global population is continuously threatened by epidemic and endemic viral diseases. This study aims to thoroughly examine the interaction between SLD and major viral diseases.

METHODS: We systematically searched databases from inception to April 2, 2024, for observational studies recording viral-infected adult patients with eligible data on the presence of hepatic steatosis.

RESULTS: Six hundred thirty-six eligible studies were included in the analysis of SLD prevalence. Among patients with monoinfections, the highest SLD prevalence was observed in those infected with HCV at 49% (95% CI: 47%-51%), followed by SARS-CoV-2 (39%, 95% CI [34%-44%]), HIV (39%, 95% CI [33%-44%]), and HBV (36%, 95% CI [32%-40%]). Additionally, co-infections, such as HCV-HIV and HBV-HCV, exhibit even higher SLD prevalence. The prevalence of steatohepatitis is particularly high in HIV-infected (24%, 95% CI: 17%-30%) and HCV-infected (18%, 95% CI: 13%-24%) populations. The co-existence of SLD with viral infections was associated not only with the progression of liver disease but also with more severe outcomes of the infections and poorer responses to antiviral treatment. The combination of cardiometabolic risk factors and viral-associated and host factors contributes to the higher risk of SLD in viral-infected populations.

CONCLUSIONS: SLD is highly prevalent in viral-infected populations, and the reciprocal interactions between SLD and viral diseases exacerbate both conditions, leading to poorer patient outcomes in general.},
}

Humans
Prevalence
*Fatty Liver/epidemiology/virology
Coinfection/epidemiology
*HIV Infections/epidemiology/complications
*COVID-19/epidemiology/complications
Global Health
Hepatitis C/epidemiology
Hepatitis B/epidemiology/complications
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40227027,
year = {2025},
author = {Wetherell, W},
title = {Review of the Emergency Preparedness, Resilience, and Response Exercise Frequency of NHS Acute Trusts in England.},
journal = {Disaster medicine and public health preparedness},
volume = {19},
number = {},
pages = {e91},
doi = {10.1017/dmp.2025.99},
pmid = {40227027},
issn = {1938-744X},
mesh = {Humans ; England ; State Medicine/organization & administration/statistics & numerical data ; *Civil Defense/methods/statistics & numerical data/standards ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Disaster Planning/methods/statistics & numerical data/standards ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: In England, the Civil Contingencies Act (Contingency Planning) Regulations 2005 require National Health Service (NHS) Trusts which provide hospital accommodation and services in relation to accidents or emergencies to conduct Emergency Preparedness, Resilience and Response (EPRR) exercises. The NHS England EPRR Framework specifies the minimum frequencies of these exercises. This review assessed the number of Trusts conducting exercises in accordance with these frequencies one year after the national NHS COVID-19 response was stepped down.

METHODS: The outcome of interest was the number of Trusts having a record of conducting their most recent exercises in accordance with the minimum frequencies required by the NHS England EPRR Framework.

RESULTS: Of the applicable 122 Trusts, 95 had a record of conducting a communication systems exercise, 115 had a record of conducting a table-top exercise, 106 had a record of conducting a live play exercise and 90 had a record of conducting a command post exercise in accordance with the minimum frequencies.

CONCLUSION: Over one fifth of Trusts did not have a record of conducting an EPRR communications systems exercise as required. This review may also be of interest to other state-level bodies which specify high level EPRR requirements to healthcare providers.},
}

Humans
England
State Medicine/organization & administration/statistics & numerical data
*Civil Defense/methods/statistics & numerical data/standards
COVID-19/epidemiology
*Disaster Planning/methods/statistics & numerical data/standards

@article {pmid40226776,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhu, Y and Sun, L and Guan, S and Li, R and Yang, J and Cao, Y and Zhang, L and Li, T and Zhang, H and Bueber, M and Hall, BJ and Phillips, MR and Li, C},
title = {Evolving role of the internet in China as a medium for promoting psychological well-being and mental health: a scoping review.},
journal = {The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific},
volume = {56},
number = {},
pages = {101515},
pmid = {40226776},
issn = {2666-6065},
abstract = {The rapid development of China's 5G 'Internet Plus' industry has led to increasing use of the Internet to provide healthcare services. Internet-based services in China are already widely used to prevent, identify, monitor, and manage mental disorders, but few of these services have been formally evaluated. To provide a clear baseline of this rapidly evolving field, we searched articles published before December 31, 2022, about internet-based interventions and surveys for mental health-related conditions in China in five international databases (Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and Cochrane Library) and four Chinese databases (CNKI, SinoMed, VIP, and WanFang). The 143 identified studies-54 in Chinese and 89 in English-described internet-based interventions and surveys in individuals with mental disorders, community residents, college students, older adults, pregnant women, and health professionals. The number of identified studies, which were mainly conducted in economically developed regions of the country, quadrupled after the 2019 onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Available studies suggest-but do not prove-that internet-based interventions can reduce the severity of psychiatric symptoms, decrease healthcare costs, and improve the quality of life for individuals with mental disorders. Innovative smartphone applications could potentially improve the quality and expand the scope of internet-based interventions, making them a key component in ongoing efforts to prevent and monitor mental illness, enhance the self-management of mental disorders, and alleviate psychological distress among adolescents and other at-risk populations. However, achieving this long-term goal will require establishing standardised methods of administering internet-based interventions, training mental health professionals to implement and monitor the interventions, identifying methods of maintaining the confidentiality of collected information, and rigorously assessing the effectiveness of the interventions based on periodic assessment of uniform outcome measures. Clinical and policy research about expanding internet-based mental health interventions should focus on confidentiality, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness.},
}

@article {pmid40226433,
year = {2025},
author = {Abou Mansour, M and El Rassi, C and Sleem, B and Borghol, R and Arabi, M},
title = {Thromboembolic Events in the Era of COVID-19: A Detailed Narrative Review.},
journal = {The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale},
volume = {2025},
number = {},
pages = {3804576},
pmid = {40226433},
issn = {1712-9532},
abstract = {COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is not only characterized by respiratory symptoms but is also associated with a wide range of systemic complications, including significant hematologic abnormalities. This is a comprehensive review of the current literature, using PubMed and Google Scholar, on the pathophysiology and incidence of thromboembolic events in COVID-19 patients and thromboprophylaxis. COVID-19 infection induces a prothrombotic state in patients through the dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), endothelial dysfunction, elevated von Willebrand factor (vWF), and a dysregulated immune response involving the complement system and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). As a result, thromboembolic complications have emerged in COVID-19 cases, occurring more frequently in severe cases and hospitalized patients. These thrombotic events affect both venous and arterial circulation, with increased incidences of deep venous thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), systemic arterial thrombosis, and myocardial infarction (MI). While DVT and PE are more common, the literature highlights the potential lethal consequences of arterial thromboembolism (ATE). This review also briefly examines the ongoing discussions regarding the use of anticoagulants for the prevention of thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients. While theoretically promising, current studies have yielded varied outcomes: Some suggest potential benefits, whereas others report an increased risk of bleeding events among hospitalized patients. Therefore, further large-scale studies are needed to assess the efficacy and safety of anticoagulants for thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19 patients.},
}

@article {pmid40226161,
year = {2025},
author = {Etesami, I and Ansari, MS and Pourgholi, E and Heidari, S and Rafati, A and Bahramian, S and Danaei, B and Demokri, S and Fazeli, P and Memari, H and Mirzaee Godarzee, H and Sadeghi, B and Vahabi, SM},
title = {Drug- and Vaccine-Induced Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: A Systematic Review of the Literature.},
journal = {Journal of skin cancer},
volume = {2025},
number = {},
pages = {3103865},
pmid = {40226161},
issn = {2090-2905},
abstract = {Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that usually involves the skin. It has different subtypes including mycosis fungoides (MFs), Sézary syndrome (SS), primary cutaneous anaplastic large lymphoma (PC-ALCL), lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP), and subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL). There are several reports of incidence, relapse, or progression of CTCLs by using specific drugs. We aim to identify drug- and vaccine-induced CTCL characteristics. A systematic search was conducted using MeSH terms/keywords: CTCL and drug-induced or drug-associated or vaccine-associated or vaccine induced through PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase until May 10, 2024. Out of 14,031 papers, 60 articles were included, involving 71 patients with a mean age of 53.5 ± 17 years. Among them, 52.1% were male. Medications were categorized into four groups: conventional, biologics, small molecules, and vaccines. The most frequently reported medications in the first group were fingolimod (n = 8) and methotrexate (n = 7). Infliximab (n = 6) and etanercept (n = 5) were the most commonly reported biologics. Pfizer-BioNTech (n = 11) vaccine and JAK inhibitors (n = 3) were the most reported vaccine and small molecules. LyP (n = 17) was the most frequently reported type of CTCL, followed by PC-ALCL (n = 13), MF (n = 11), SS (n = 8), and SPTCL (n = 8). The most common underlying conditions were rheumatoid arthritis (n = 15) and multiple sclerosis (n = 10). Twenty patients (28%) experienced disease regression after discontinuing the drug, with a mean ± SD of 8.6 ± 8.8 weeks. In 14 patients (20%), chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy were initiated. Six patients passed away after being diagnosed with CTCL: two because of CTCL recurrence and four because of other complications. It is important recognizing CTCL as a possible, although rare, adverse effect of certain drugs and vaccines, and taking a history of vaccinations, especially COVID-19 vaccines, and immunosuppressive drugs such as fingolimod, TNF-a inhibitors, and methotrexate.},
}

@article {pmid40198822,
year = {2025},
author = {O'Connor, H and DiSalvo, M and Gersten, M and Boyden, S and Uchida, M},
title = {Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Early Child Development: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP},
volume = {46},
number = {2},
pages = {e227-e239},
doi = {10.1097/DBP.0000000000001352},
pmid = {40198822},
issn = {1536-7312},
support = {1K23MH122667-01//Foundation for the National Institutes of Health/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Child Development/physiology ; *Developmental Disabilities/epidemiology/etiology ; Child, Preschool ; Child ; Infant ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on early childhood development and identify areas of interest surrounding development.

METHODS: A systematic literature review was performed to identify articles examining how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected early childhood development, and a meta-analysis was conducted from the results of those articles to examine the degree of the impact of the pandemic on the areas of childhood development.

RESULTS: Ten articles from 6 countries were identified that met all inclusion and exclusion criteria. The multivariate meta-analysis showed no significant difference in overall development (pooled Cohen's d = 0.28, 95% CI, -0.33 to 0.88; p = 0.18) or odds for developmental delay (pooled odds ratio (OR) = 1.44, 95% CI, 0.77 to 2.67; p = 0.20) between pre-COVID-19 development and COVID-19 development. However, there was significantly more impairment (d = 0.46, p = 0.003) and greater odds (72%; OR = 1.72, p = 0.01) for developmental delay in the language and communication domain for COVID-19 children versus pre-COVID-19 children.

CONCLUSION: While exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic was not associated with global developmental delays, it had a significant impact on child development regarding language and communication. Further research monitoring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic is necessary, and parents and communities should focus on increasing early intervention and enriched curriculum to offset these delays.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Child Development/physiology
*Developmental Disabilities/epidemiology/etiology
Child, Preschool
Child
Infant

@article {pmid40148247,
year = {2025},
author = {Beaton, S and Abah, T and Miller-Hammond, K},
title = {Impact of Limited Access to Surgical Care in Medically Underserved Communities.},
journal = {The American surgeon},
volume = {91},
number = {5},
pages = {685-689},
doi = {10.1177/00031348251324265},
pmid = {40148247},
issn = {1555-9823},
mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Health Services Accessibility ; *Healthcare Disparities ; *Medically Underserved Area ; Minority Groups ; *Surgical Procedures, Operative/statistics & numerical data ; United States ; Vulnerable Populations ; },
abstract = {Summary/BackgroundMedically underserved communities and ethnic minorities constitute a significant portion of the vulnerable population within the United States. Recent changes in the health care structure, rising inflation with a decline in median household income, and the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have disproportionately impacted communities of low socioeconomic status. Healthcare providers and federal organizations must be aware of how these factors influence access to surgical care to tailor treatment, interventions, and policies better to meet the needs of these populations.MethodWe systematically reviewed 19 articles to identify key factors influencing barriers to health care for minority populations and how the dynamic changes in healthcare structures can further exacerbate this divide.DiscussionMedically underserved populations face significant barriers to health care due to socioeconomic factors like income, housing instability, and lack of insurance. These areas often have shortages of primary care providers, access to healthy foods, and high-value health care that may lead to unfavorable outcomes. Poor access and utilization of health services can also affect hospital systems, leading to decreased funding and increased hospital closures. Despite federal intervention and policy changes, the need for further support for rural healthcare institutions and underserved populations remains, requiring financial assistance, resource allocation improvements, and incentives for healthcare providers and investors.ConclusionHealthcare systems can work towards bridging the gap in access to surgical services by implementing targeted outreach programs and ensuring equitable resource distribution. Additionally, fostering partnerships with community organizations can enhance awareness and address specific barriers these populations face.},
}

Humans
COVID-19/epidemiology
*Health Services Accessibility
*Healthcare Disparities
*Medically Underserved Area
Minority Groups
*Surgical Procedures, Operative/statistics & numerical data
United States
Vulnerable Populations

@article {pmid40145745,
year = {2025},
author = {Krammer, F and Hermann, E and Rasmussen, AL},
title = {Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1: history, current situation, and outlook.},
journal = {Journal of virology},
volume = {99},
number = {4},
pages = {e0220924},
doi = {10.1128/jvi.02209-24},
pmid = {40145745},
issn = {1098-5514},
support = {175622,187244/CAPMC/CIHR/Canada ; 2217296//National Science Foundation/ ; 75N93021C00014, 75N93019C00051, AI168631, AI154470, AI162130, AI144616, 75N93023C00019, 75N93023C00042, R25GM150146, CA260560, 75N91019D00024/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; N/A//Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/pathogenicity/genetics/classification ; Humans ; *Influenza in Birds/epidemiology/virology/transmission/history ; *Influenza, Human/epidemiology/virology/transmission ; Birds ; Zoonoses/virology/epidemiology/transmission ; Viral Zoonoses/transmission/virology/epidemiology ; History, 21st Century ; Cattle ; Disease Outbreaks ; History, 20th Century ; Pandemics ; Poultry ; },
abstract = {The H5N1 avian panzootic has resulted in cross-species transmission to birds and mammals, causing outbreaks in wildlife, poultry, and US dairy cattle with a range of host-dependent pathogenic outcomes. Although no human-to-human transmission has been observed, the rising number of zoonotic human cases creates opportunities for adaptive mutation or reassortment. This Gem explores the history, evolution, virology, and epidemiology of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 relative to its pandemic potential. Pandemic risk reduction measures are urgently required.},
}

Animals
*Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/pathogenicity/genetics/classification
Humans
*Influenza in Birds/epidemiology/virology/transmission/history
*Influenza, Human/epidemiology/virology/transmission
Birds
Zoonoses/virology/epidemiology/transmission
Viral Zoonoses/transmission/virology/epidemiology
History, 21st Century
Cattle
Disease Outbreaks
History, 20th Century
Pandemics
Poultry

@article {pmid39918873,
year = {2025},
author = {Chhabra, KH and Shoemaker, R and Herath, CB and Thomas, MC and Filipeanu, CM and Lazartigues, E},
title = {Molecular dissection of the role of ACE2 in glucose homeostasis.},
journal = {Physiological reviews},
volume = {105},
number = {3},
pages = {935-973},
doi = {10.1152/physrev.00027.2024},
pmid = {39918873},
issn = {1522-1210},
support = {R01 DK124619/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R56 DK140148/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; BX004294//U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)/ ; HL150592//HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/ ; },
mesh = {*Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism/genetics ; Animals ; Humans ; *Homeostasis/physiology ; *Glucose/metabolism ; COVID-19 ; },
abstract = {Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was discovered 25 years ago as a negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system, opposing the effects of angiotensin II. Beyond its well-demonstrated roles in cardiovascular regulation and COVID-19 pathology, ACE2 is involved in a plethora of physiopathological processes. In this review, we summarize the latest discoveries on the role of ACE2 in glucose homeostasis and regulation of metabolism. In the endocrine pancreas, ACE2 is expressed at low levels in β-cells, but loss of its expression inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and impairs glucose tolerance. Conversely, overexpression of ACE2 improved glycemia, suggesting that recombinant ACE2 might be a future therapy for diabetes. In the skeletal muscle of ACE2-deficient mice a progressive triglyceride accumulation was observed, whereas in diabetic kidney the initial increase in ACE2 is followed by a chronic reduction of expression in kidney tubules and impairment of glucose metabolism. At the intestinal level dysregulation of the enzyme alters the amino acid absorption and intestinal microbiome, whereas at the hepatic level ACE2 protects against diabetic fatty liver disease. Not least, ACE2 is upregulated in adipocytes in response to nutritional stimuli, and administration of recombinant ACE2 decreased body weight and increased thermogenesis. In addition to tissue-specific regulation of ACE2 function, the enzyme undergoes complex cellular posttranslational modifications that are changed during diabetes evolution, with at least proteolytic cleavage and ubiquitination leading to modifications in ACE2 activity. Detailed characterization of ACE2 in a cellular and tissue-specific manner holds promise for improving therapeutic outcomes in diabetes and metabolic disorders.},
}

*Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism/genetics
Animals
Humans
*Homeostasis/physiology
*Glucose/metabolism
COVID-19

@article {pmid39432732,
year = {2025},
author = {Cho, HK and Frivold, C and Chu, HY},
title = {Maternal Immunization.},
journal = {The Journal of infectious diseases},
volume = {231},
number = {4},
pages = {830-836},
doi = {10.1093/infdis/jiae509},
pmid = {39432732},
issn = {1537-6613},
mesh = {Humans ; Pregnancy ; Female ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control ; *Vaccination ; COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Immunization ; Vaccination Hesitancy ; Infant ; },
abstract = {Pregnant individuals and infants are at risk from vaccine-preventable diseases like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza. Maternal vaccination during pregnancy can protect both the mother and child. Recent progress in developing these vaccines is notable, but vaccine hesitancy and the exclusion of pregnant individuals from clinical trials limit their use. Maternal immunization safeguards mothers from severe illness and adverse pregnancy outcomes while providing infants with antibodies through the placenta and breast milk. Inactivated vaccines are generally effective and safe during pregnancy. Limited safety and efficacy data due to exclusion from trials hinder vaccine uptake; however, vaccines like tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap), influenza, and SARS-CoV-2 have proven effective, and are recommended vaccines during pregnancy. New vaccines for group B Streptococcus (GBS) and cytomegalovirus are in development, with the GBS vaccine being the most advanced. Combating vaccine hesitancy through strong health care provider recommendations is vital to enhance uptake and protect pregnant individuals and their infants.},
}

Humans
Pregnancy
Female
*COVID-19/prevention & control
*Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control
*Vaccination
COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage/immunology
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Immunization
Vaccination Hesitancy
Infant

@article {pmid39298208,
year = {2025},
author = {Bleidorn, W and Stahlmann, AG and Hopwood, CJ},
title = {Big Five personality traits and vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association},
volume = {44},
number = {1},
pages = {44-56},
doi = {10.1037/hea0001398},
pmid = {39298208},
issn = {1930-7810},
support = {/SNSF_/Swiss National Science Foundation/Switzerland ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Vaccination/psychology ; *Personality ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; Intention ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Male ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Despite the proven benefits of vaccination, people differ in their willingness to get vaccinated. These differences are the result of multiple factors, including social, cultural, and psychological variables. This meta-analysis estimated the effects of people's Big Five personality traits on their vaccination attitudes, intentions, and behaviors and examined the role of theoretically and empirically derived moderator variables.

METHOD: We meta-analyzed data from 28 studies that sampled over 48,000 individuals to estimate the effects of Big Five personality traits on vaccination attitudes, intentions, and behaviors. In addition, we tested the moderating effects of age, gender, sample region, sample type (representative vs. convenience), vaccination measure (attitude, intention, behavior, compound), vaccination type (COVID-19, Influenza, or other), and reliability of the Big Five measure on the links between personality traits and vaccination.

RESULTS: People with high levels in agreeableness and extraversion, and low levels in neuroticism reported more positive attitudes toward vaccination, whereas open people reported stronger intentions to get vaccinated. Open and agreeable people were also more positive about novel COVID-19 vaccines, whereas extraverted people were more positive about influenza vaccines. There were no effects for conscientiousness. Overall, effect sizes were small but generalized across age. Other moderator effects suggested a more nuanced picture across cultural regions, sample types, and gender.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings provide a compelling picture of significant, albeit small, effects of personality traits on vaccination. Questions remain about the processes through which personality traits may affect vaccination attitudes, intentions, and potentially also behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).},
}

Humans
*Vaccination/psychology
*Personality
*COVID-19/prevention & control
Intention
COVID-19 Vaccines
*Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
Male

@article {pmid40225829,
year = {2025},
author = {Maglione, MA and Klausner, JD and Wirnkar, PK and Fallarme, I and Lak, R and Sysawang, K and Fu, N and Yagyu, S and Motala, A and Tolentino, D and Hempel, S},
title = {A Rapid Systematic Review of U.S. Food and Drug Administration-Authorized COVID-19 Treatments.},
journal = {Open forum infectious diseases},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
pages = {ofaf097},
pmid = {40225829},
issn = {2328-8957},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic era saw numerous treatments authorized for emergency use by the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The purpose of the review was to determine if convalescent plasma, antivirals, or monoclonal antibodies are associated with serious adverse events (SAEs) and, if so, which specific populations are at risk.

METHODS: PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the FDA submission database were searched through December 2023, and the Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines, international COVID Network Meta-analysis database, and systematic reviews were reference mined to identify controlled studies with at least 1 US site. Reviewers abstracted study characteristics, number of patients experiencing each type of SAE, and methods of adverse event collection and reporting.

RESULTS: Fifty-four studies met inclusion criteria, including 31 randomized controlled trials. We found insufficient evidence of association of any SAE with antivirals and spike protein receptor-binding antibodies. In patients hospitalized with COVID-19, the monoclonal antibody tocilizumab, an interleukin 6 inhibitor, may be associated with elevated risk of neutropenia (moderate certainty) and infection (limited certainty). Convalescent plasma may be associated with thrombotic events (limited certainty) as well as bleeding events and infection in patients with hematologic cancers (moderate certainty). Inclusion of studies without a US site could potentially change the findings.

CONCLUSIONS: Severe COVID-19 infection may have serious consequences, especially in hospitalized patients with comorbidities. These consequences may be confused with toxicities of the interventions. Based on our analysis, approved treatments for COVID-19 should be prescribed as clinically indicated, although continued vigilance is warranted to identify rare and potentially significant toxicities that may arise in clinical practice.

CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (CRD42023467821).},
}

@article {pmid40225770,
year = {2025},
author = {Joshi, KM and Salve, S and Dhanwade, D and Chavhan, M and Jagtap, S and Shinde, M and Holkar, R and Patil, R and Chabukswar, V},
title = {Advancing protein biosensors: redefining detection through innovations in materials, mechanisms, and applications for precision medicine and global diagnostics.},
journal = {RSC advances},
volume = {15},
number = {15},
pages = {11523-11536},
pmid = {40225770},
issn = {2046-2069},
abstract = {Protein biosensors are significant tools in modern diagnostics due to their exceptional sensitivity and specificity in detecting protein biomarkers critical for disease diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring, and biomedical research. Innovations in transduction methods, nanomaterials, and point-of-care system integration have spurred recent advancements in biosensor technology. This summary examines key developments in protein biosensors, focusing on their structure, applications, and future potential. Nanomaterial-enhanced electrochemical biosensors, such as graphene, polyaniline, and carbon nanotubes, offer improved signal transmission due to their large surface area and faster electron transfer rates. Label-free immunosensors activated with gold nanoparticles and MXene-based sensors capable of combined biomarker analysis for detecting ovarian cancer are notable examples. During the COVID-19 pandemic, colorimetric and fluorescence optical biosensors facilitated easier diagnostics. An example of this is the incorporation of SARS-CoV-2 detection technologies into mobile phones. Real-time, label-free tracking with molecular precision is now possible due to the development of new methods, such as CRISPR-based platforms and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM)-based biosensors. This advancement is crucial for effectively managing infectious diseases and cancer. Synthetic fluorescence biosensors increase diagnostics by improving the visualization of protein interactions and cellular communication. Despite these achievements, challenges related to scalability, sustainability, and regulatory compliance remain. Proposed solutions include sustainable biosensor manufacturing, artificial intelligence-enhanced analytics for efficacy evaluation, and multidisciplinary approaches to optimize interaction with decentralised diagnostic systems. This work demonstrates how protein biosensors can advance precision medicine and global health.},
}

@article {pmid40225255,
year = {2025},
author = {Ma, L and Ye, F},
title = {Effect of Isolation Measures on Nosocomial Infection Rates in Nursing Practice during COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Iranian journal of public health},
volume = {54},
number = {2},
pages = {297-308},
pmid = {40225255},
issn = {2251-6093},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Nosocomial infections represent a critical challenge in nursing practice, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Isolation measures have been implemented widely to curb the spread of infections within healthcare settings. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of isolation measures in reducing nosocomial infection rates in nursing practice during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: A systematic search was conducted using keywords such as "isolation measures," "nosocomial infection," and "COVID-19" and their combinations in international databases, focusing on articles published between 2020 and 2024. Data were analyzed using meta-analysis and a random effects model. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed with the I[2] test, and analyses were performed using STATA software.

RESULTS: The analysis of 8 selected articles with a total sample size of 10,532 individuals showed that the implementation of isolation measures significantly reduced nosocomial infection rates, with an average effect size of 0.58 (95% CI: 42.1-74.5).

CONCLUSION: Isolation measures are effective in reducing nosocomial infection rates in nursing practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings support the continued use of these measures to enhance patient safety and control infection spread within healthcare facilities.},
}

@article {pmid40225252,
year = {2025},
author = {Akbari, H and Mohammadi, M and Hosseini, A},
title = {A Scientometric Perspective on Stigma Research in Medicine: A Bibliometric Review.},
journal = {Iranian journal of public health},
volume = {54},
number = {2},
pages = {346-360},
pmid = {40225252},
issn = {2251-6093},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Stigma is a critical social determinant of health, influencing individuals' access to resources, quality of life, and overall well-being. Despite its significant implications, bibliometric studies on stigma in the medical field remain sparse. We provide a comprehensive scientometric analysis of stigma research in medicine over the past 30 years, highlighting trends, key focus areas, and evolving challenges.

METHODS: A bibliometric analysis was conducted using VOSviewer software, utilizing data from the Scopus database. The search included articles with the keyword "stigma*" in the title, published between 1992 and 2022, within the fields of Medicine, Nursing, and Professional Health. The initial search yielded 20,284 articles, narrowed down to 7,854 relevant publications for detailed analysis. Key metrics analyzed included co-authorship, co-occurrence of keywords, and co-citation patterns.

RESULTS: The analysis revealed a significant increase in stigma-related publications in the medical field, particularly since 2010, with a peak in 2022, largely driven by the COVID-19 pandemic. The research identified nine major keyword clusters, 40 associated diseases, and 36 target groups. Persistent diseases like HIV, mental illness, addiction, and cancer continue to be strongly associated with stigma.

CONCLUSION: The findings underscore the evolving nature of stigma research in medicine, with an increasing focus on intersecting stigmas and their persistent impact on public health. Future research should aim to develop comprehensive models and strategies to manage and reduce stigma, particularly for diseases with enduring stigmatic associations. Collaborative efforts among policymakers, healthcare providers, and society are crucial to address the social and economic consequences of stigma and improve health outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid40225082,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, B and Xu, L and Wang, Y and Hao, C and Jiang, W},
title = {Understanding the unconventional reemergence of M. pneumoniae epidemics during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Translational pediatrics},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {473-479},
pmid = {40225082},
issn = {2224-4344},
abstract = {Since the implementation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) restrictions since 2020, the number of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) infections in children has significantly decreased. However, after the end of the COVID pandemic, there has been a notable resurgence in M. pneumoniae infections, which is particularly unusual in terms of both the number of infections and their severity. The purpose of this article is to review the existing evidence and explore theories that underlying the epidemiological shifts of M. pneumoniae following the COVID-19 pandemic, and propose factors contributing to the unconventional resurgence of M. pneumoniae infections. Proposed factors include decline of M. pneumoniae immunity, circulation of different genetic types and emergence of new macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae (MRMP) variants, immune dysregulation following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and others. Among these factors, the decline in M. pneumoniae immunity and the circulation of different genetic types are considered significant contributors. Further research in bacterial genomics and more robust immunology studies are needed to guide the prevention of M. pneumoniae infections and the allocation of healthcare resources. International cooperation and information sharing are crucial for understanding the epidemiological changes of M. pneumoniae. Further cross-regional collaboration is called to enhance our understanding of the scope of M. pneumoniae outbreaks and facilitate a collective response.},
}

@article {pmid40224740,
year = {2024},
author = {O' Regan-Hyde, M and Dalton-O Connor, C and Flynn, A and Murphy, A and McCarthy, VJC},
title = {Nurses' Experiences of the Caring Role during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review of Qualitative Research.},
journal = {Journal of nursing management},
volume = {2024},
number = {},
pages = {7147203},
pmid = {40224740},
issn = {1365-2834},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/nursing/epidemiology/psychology ; Qualitative Research ; *Nurse's Role/psychology ; Pandemics ; *Empathy ; *Nurses/psychology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {AIMS: To synthesize the evidence on nurses' experiences of their caring role during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify emerging concepts that have affected nurses within the caring role in relation to (a) their professional lives and (b) their personal lives.

BACKGROUND: The concept of caring is central to the science and art of nursing practice, and fulfilment of the caring role is fundamental to the profession. The COVID-19 pandemic imposed unprecedented change globally transforming the caring role of the nurse. The WHO highlights that a well-supported workforce is paramount to emergency preparedness; therefore, understanding the experiences of the nurse's caring role during the COVID-19 crisis is paramount to practice in future healthcare crises.

METHODS: A scoping review. Data Sources. Studies published between January 2020 and November 2023 were identified from the following databases: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Coronavirus Database, PUBMED, PsycINFO, PsycArticles, Scopus, Web of Science, and SocINDEX. Reporting Method. The scoping review adhered to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) checklist.

RESULTS: The search identified 1,347 studies, subsequent review of title and abstract, resulted in 117 full-text papers for further eligibility screening, with a total of 52 studies being included in the scoping review. Findings were grouped thematically using the Braun and Clarke (2006) approach. The five distinctive themes that emerged were (a) emotional turmoil, (b) erosion of care, (c) relationships and solidarity, (d) expansion of role, and (e) professional growth.

CONCLUSION: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an evolutionary shift in the caring role of the nurse, on a trajectory from emotional turmoil to professional growth. The process followed a theoretical framework of transformative learning that could support nurses' capability and preparedness in their caring role for future inevitable extreme events and crisis in healthcare. Implications for Nursing Management. Mapping current knowledge of the unprecedented COVID-19 crisis from a nurse's professional and personal perspective purposefully aims to highlight gaps for future research, education, and policy and is paramount to emergency preparedness and a well-supported workforce in future healthcare crisis.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/nursing/epidemiology/psychology
Qualitative Research
*Nurse's Role/psychology
Pandemics
*Empathy
*Nurses/psychology
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40223920,
year = {2025},
author = {Ralston, MR and McCreath, G and Lees, ZJ and Salt, IP and Sim, MAB and Watson, MJ and Freeman, DJ},
title = {Beyond body mass index: exploring the role of visceral adipose tissue in intensive care unit outcomes.},
journal = {BJA open},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {100391},
pmid = {40223920},
issn = {2772-6096},
abstract = {Obesity is a worldwide health crisis and poses significant challenges in critical care. Many studies suggest an 'obesity paradox', in which obesity, defined by body mass index (BMI), is associated with better outcomes. However, the inability of BMI to discriminate between fat and muscle or between visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue, limits its prediction of metabolic ill health. We suggest that the 'obesity paradox' may be more reflective of the limitations of BMI than the protective effect of obesity. We explore the biological processes leading to visceral fat accumulation, and the evidence linking it to outcomes in critical illness. In the 'spillover' hypothesis of adipose tissue expansion, caloric excess and impaired expansion of storage capacity in the subcutaneous adipose tissue lead to accumulation of visceral adipose tissue. This is associated with a chronic inflammatory state, which is integral to the link between visceral adiposity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and ischaemic heart disease. We review the current evidence on visceral adiposity and critical illness outcomes. In COVID-19, increased visceral adipose tissue, irrespective of BMI, is associated with more severe disease. This is mirrored in acute pancreatitis, suggesting visceral adiposity is linked to poorer outcomes in some hyperinflammatory conditions. We suggest that visceral adiposity's chronic inflammatory state may potentiate acute inflammation in conditions such as COVID-19 and acute pancreatitis. Further work is required to investigate other critical illnesses, especially sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome, in which current evidence is scarce. This may give further insights into pathophysiology and inform tailored treatment and nutrition strategies based on body fat distribution.},
}

@article {pmid40222787,
year = {2025},
author = {Gautam, G and Moradikor, N},
title = {Stress in specific population: Cognitive decline in aging, occupational challenges, strategies for medical professionals.},
journal = {Progress in brain research},
volume = {291},
number = {},
pages = {363-379},
doi = {10.1016/bs.pbr.2025.01.017},
pmid = {40222787},
issn = {1875-7855},
mesh = {Humans ; *Cognitive Dysfunction/psychology/etiology ; *Aging/psychology ; *COVID-19/psychology ; *Health Personnel/psychology ; Burnout, Professional/psychology ; *Occupational Stress/psychology ; *Stress, Psychological/psychology ; Mindfulness ; },
abstract = {Understanding cognitive decline and its contributing causes, such as stress, which presents differently in different groups, is crucial given the aging population's rapid growth. This chapter looks at how stress affects older persons' cognitive decline, with a particular emphasis on the difficulties faced by medical professionals in their line of work and how to lessen the consequences. The severity and course of cognitive decline differ from person to person and are impacted by factors such as lifestyle, medical history, and stress at work. The COVID-19 pandemic has made medical practitioners' already high demands even more precarious. Stress in underprivileged areas and among veterans emphasizes the negative effects of work-related stress on mental health even more. Techniques that improve psychological well-being and lessen burnout include resilience training, digital tools, supportive leadership, and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). Enhancing work-life balance and promoting a healthier work environment can be achieved by combining these interventions with organizational changes. Aging-related cognitive impairment necessitates a multimodal strategy that includes targeted stress reduction methods and organizational adjustments. Setting mental health as a top priority in healthcare settings promotes the wellbeing of staff members, enhances patient care, and improves healthcare results.},
}

Humans
*Cognitive Dysfunction/psychology/etiology
*Aging/psychology
*COVID-19/psychology
*Health Personnel/psychology
Burnout, Professional/psychology
*Occupational Stress/psychology
*Stress, Psychological/psychology
Mindfulness

@article {pmid40222381,
year = {2025},
author = {Amouzou, A and Barros, AJD and Requejo, J and Faye, C and Akseer, N and Bendavid, E and Blumenberg, C and Borghi, J and El Baz, S and Federspiel, F and Ferreira, LZ and Hazel, E and Heft-Neal, S and Hellwig, F and Liu, L and Munos, M and Pitt, C and Shawar, YR and Shiffman, J and Tam, Y and Walker, N and Akilimali, P and Alkema, L and Behanzin, P and Binyaruka, P and Bhutta, Z and Blanchard, A and Blencowe, H and Bradley, E and Brikci, N and Caicedo-Velásquez, B and Costello, A and Dotse-Gborgbortsi, W and El Arifeen, S and Ezzati, M and Freedman, LP and Guillot, M and Hanson, C and Heidkamp, R and Huicho, L and Izugbara, C and Jiwani, SS and Kabiru, C and Kiarie, H and Kinney, M and Kirakoya-Samadoulougou, F and Lawn, J and Madise, N and Mady, GRM and Masquelier, B and Melesse, D and Nilsen, K and Perin, J and Ram, U and Romanello, M and Saad, GE and Sharma, S and Sidze, EM and Spiegel, P and Tappis, H and Tatem, AJ and Temmerman, M and Victora, CG and Villavicencio, F and Wado, Y and Waiswa, P and Wakefield, J and Walton, S and You, D and Chopra, M and Black, RE and Boerma, T},
title = {The 2025 report of the Lancet Countdown to 2030 for women's, children's, and adolescents' health: tracking progress on health and nutrition.},
journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(25)00151-5},
pmid = {40222381},
issn = {1474-547X},
}

@article {pmid40222324,
year = {2025},
author = {De Gagne, JC and Randall, PS and Koppel, PD and Cho, E and Blackwood, ER and Kang, HS},
title = {Online learning in nursing education: A 21st century bibliometric analysis.},
journal = {Nurse education today},
volume = {151},
number = {},
pages = {106740},
doi = {10.1016/j.nedt.2025.106740},
pmid = {40222324},
issn = {1532-2793},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Online learning has become an integral part of nursing education, especially in response to the growing reliance on technology and the global transition to remote learning.

AIM: This study explored research outputs and impact, collaborative networks, and thematic trends in online learning within nursing education to guide future educational advancements.

METHODS: A bibliometric analysis was conducted using the Web of Science database to examine publications spanning from 2000 to August 2024. VOSviewer and Biblioshiny were utilized to assess publication trends, co-authorship, co-citation, and keyword co-occurrence, providing a comprehensive view of the research landscape. Descriptive statistics and visualizations were employed to enhance clarity and facilitate interpretation of key findings.

RESULTS: The dataset encompassed 703 institutions across 56 countries, demonstrating the global scope of online learning research in nursing education. Publication output grew steadily, reaching a peak of 111 articles in 2022 (17 % of the total). The United States led with 555 publications and 2669 citations, followed by Australia (n = 92), Canada (n = 62), and Iran (n = 45). Co-authorship analysis revealed dense regional networks, with the University System of Ohio and the University of North Carolina as central hubs, though international collaborations were sparse. Keyword co-occurrence analysis identified three primary thematic clusters: (1) the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, (2) student engagement, readiness, and motivation, and (3) technological integration and pedagogical approaches.

CONCLUSIONS: This bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive overview of online learning research in nursing education, highlighting its growth, thematic focus areas, and collaborative networks. The findings serve as a foundation for advancing evidence-based, inclusive, and innovative educational practices. Online learning is no longer a peripheral aspect of nursing education but a cornerstone for driving excellence, equity, and innovation. By addressing existing gaps and embracing emerging opportunities, stakeholders can reimagine nursing education to better prepare students for the challenges of modern healthcare.},
}

@article {pmid40219885,
year = {2025},
author = {Krotkiewicz, M and Szynkaruk, A and Stachyra, A},
title = {Digital transformation in healthcare management: from Artificial Intelligence to blockchain.},
journal = {Wiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960)},
volume = {78},
number = {3},
pages = {578-583},
doi = {10.36740/WLek/202445},
pmid = {40219885},
issn = {0043-5147},
mesh = {*Artificial Intelligence ; Humans ; *Blockchain ; COVID-19 ; Big Data ; *Internet of Things ; Telemedicine ; *Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration ; Computer Security ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {The digital transformation of healthcare is revolutionizing the management of medical institutions, improving operational efficiency, patient outcomes, and data security. With the increasing complexity of healthcare systems, the integration of cutting-edge technologies such as Artificial Intelligence. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly accelerated digital transformation, compelling healthcare institutions to adopt telemedicine, AI-assisted diagnostics, and cloud-based medical records to meet growing patient demands and resource constraints. The rapid digital transformation of healthcare is driven by advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI), blockchain, the Internet of Things (IoT), and Big Data. This review article aims to analyze the objectives and implications of digital transformation in medical institutions, focusing on the integration of AI, blockchain, and IoT in hospital management. The methodological approach for this review article focuses on synthesizing existing literature to examine the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI), blockchain, the Internet of Things (IoT), and Big Data in the digital transformation of healthcare management. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), and Big Data has demonstrated significant improvements in healthcare management, enhancing efficiency, patient outcomes, and data security.},
}

*Artificial Intelligence
Humans
*Blockchain
COVID-19
Big Data
*Internet of Things
Telemedicine
*Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration
Computer Security
Pandemics

@article {pmid40219884,
year = {2025},
author = {Kamińsk, PI and Rizvi, F and Trubalski, M and Kaczmarski, M and Bełżek, A and Żerebiec, M and Rupeć, Z and Saj, N and Zulfiqar, Z and Niezbecka-Zając, J},
title = {Bone mineral density and pandemic.},
journal = {Wiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960)},
volume = {78},
number = {3},
pages = {571-577},
doi = {10.36740/WLek/202327},
pmid = {40219884},
issn = {0043-5147},
mesh = {Humans ; *Bone Density/physiology ; *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology ; *Osteoporosis/etiology/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Exercise ; Pandemics ; Depression/complications ; Sedentary Behavior ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted physical health, including bone mineral density (BMD). This review aims to explore the effects of various pandemic-related factors such as reduced physical activity, stress, depression, dietary changes, and SARS-CoV-2 infection on BMD. Methods involved analyzing studies that investigate the impact of these factors on bone health, including observational studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Results show that decreased physical activity, depression, and changes in diet lead to a reduction in BMD, particularly in the lumbar spine and femoral neck. SARS-CoV-2 infection and the use of corticosteroids are also associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis. Additionally, cytokine storms induced by the virus further exacerbate bone resorption. The review also highlights the complex interaction between obesity, sedentary behavior, and BMD, which may contribute to either increased BMD in certain areas or lead to a higher risk of fractures. The study suggests that the pandemic may have long-term effects on bone health, emphasizing the need for preventive strategies, including promoting physical activity, managing stress, and cautious use of medications like corticosteroids. Further research is needed to understand the long-term consequences and to develop therapeutic interventions aimed at mitigating the adverse skeletal effects of COVID-19 and its treatments. Understanding the lasting impact on bone health requires a comprehensive approach considering the multifactorial aspects of the pandemic's effect on human physiology.},
}

Humans
*Bone Density/physiology
*COVID-19/complications/epidemiology
*Osteoporosis/etiology/epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2
Exercise
Pandemics
Depression/complications
Sedentary Behavior

@article {pmid40219044,
year = {2025},
author = {Marchesi, N and Allegri, M and Bruno, GM and Pascale, A and Govoni, S},
title = {Exploring the Potential of Dietary Supplements to Alleviate Pain Due to Long COVID.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {17},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {40219044},
issn = {2072-6643},
mesh = {Humans ; *Dietary Supplements ; *COVID-19/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Chronic Pain/etiology ; Analgesics/therapeutic use ; *Pain Management/methods ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; *Pain/etiology/drug therapy ; },
abstract = {Long COVID, characterized by persistent symptoms following COVID-19 infection, significantly impacts individuals' health and daily functioning due to fatigue and pain. Focusing on pain, this review addresses nociplastic and chronic pain conditions. Interventions designed to reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, and enhance vagal activity may offer a promising approach to managing post-pandemic pain. This review presents individual components of food supplements with demonstrated efficacy in one or more pain conditions, focusing on their proposed mechanisms and clinical activity in pain, including their use in post-COVID-19 pain when available. Many of these substances have a long history of safe use and may offer an alternative to long-term analgesic drug treatment, which is often associated with potential side effects. This review also explores the potential for synergistic effects when combining these substances with each other or with conventional analgesics, considering the advantages for both patients and the healthcare system in using these substances as adjunctive or primary therapies for pain symptoms related to long COVID. While preclinical scientific literature provides a mechanistic basis for the action of several food supplements on pain control mechanisms and signaling pathways, clinical experience, particularly in the field of long COVID-associated pain, is still limited. However, the reviewed literature strongly suggests that the use of food supplements in long COVID-associated pain is an attainable goal, provided that rigorous clinical trials are conducted.},
}

Humans
*Dietary Supplements
*COVID-19/complications
SARS-CoV-2
*Chronic Pain/etiology
Analgesics/therapeutic use
*Pain Management/methods
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
*Pain/etiology/drug therapy

@article {pmid40095845,
year = {2025},
author = {Inglis, JG and Cabral, HV and Cosentino, C and Bonardi, A and Negro, F},
title = {Motor unit discharge behavior in human muscles throughout force gradation: a systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression.},
journal = {Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)},
volume = {138},
number = {4},
pages = {1050-1065},
doi = {10.1152/japplphysiol.00863.2024},
pmid = {40095845},
issn = {1522-1601},
support = {101045605//EC | ERC | HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council (ERC)/ ; 101151712//EC | Horizon Europe | Excellent Science | HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA)/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; *Isometric Contraction/physiology ; *Motor Neurons/physiology ; Electromyography/methods ; Muscle Contraction/physiology ; },
abstract = {The analysis of motor unit (MU) discharge behavior provides an effective way of assembling information about the generation and control of movement. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we identified and summarized the literature investigating MU discharge rate and discharge rate variability (CoV-ISI) during voluntary isometric contractions at various force levels. Databases were searched up to January 7, 2025, and a total of 262 studies were included. The meta-means of MU discharge rate and CoV-ISI were estimated and compared across human muscles. The influence of contraction intensity on MU discharge behavior was assessed through linear meta-regressions. At low-to-moderate forces [<60% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)], the first dorsal interosseous, biceps brachii (BB), and forearm extensors (FEs) had the highest discharge rate, whereas the soleus had the lowest. At high force levels (>60% MVC), the tibialis anterior (TA) had the highest mean discharge rate compared with all other muscles, with the soleus maintaining the lowest. Regarding CoV-ISI results at low forces (<30% MVC), the TA had the lowest CoV-ISI values, except in comparison with the vastii. In addition, the vastii had lower CoV-ISI values than the FE, gastrocnemius medialis, and soleus. Contraction intensity was positively associated with the mean discharge rates in all muscles investigated, although some muscles showed steeper slopes than others. Similar results were observed for CoV-ISI meta-regressions, with muscle-specific differences in slope. These findings suggest potential variations in neural control strategies across muscles during force gradation, such as differences in the relative contribution of rate coding to facilitate increasing force demands.},
}

Humans
*Muscle, Skeletal/physiology
*Isometric Contraction/physiology
*Motor Neurons/physiology
Electromyography/methods
Muscle Contraction/physiology

@article {pmid40225624,
year = {2023},
author = {Alameddine, M and Al-Yateem, N and Bou-Karroum, K and Hijazi, H and Al Marzouqi, A and Al-Adawi, S},
title = {Measurement of Work-Life Balance: A Scoping Review with a Focus on the Health Sector.},
journal = {Journal of nursing management},
volume = {2023},
number = {},
pages = {3666224},
pmid = {40225624},
issn = {1365-2834},
mesh = {Humans ; *Work-Life Balance/standards ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; Psychometrics/methods/instrumentation ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Health Care Sector ; Job Satisfaction ; *Health Personnel/psychology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: There is an agreement on the importance of measuring work-life balance, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the available tools to do so are not sufficient to address all dimensions, contexts, and professions.

AIM: The article reviews existing instruments that have been widely utilised to tap into the breadth and depth of work-life balance. Evaluation. This is a perspective scoping review guided by PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Articles reporting on the measurement of work-life balance were reviewed. The authors performed the review based on agreed-upon search terms, inclusion and exclusion criteria, search databases, and the data extraction process. Key Issues. The existing tools appear to have divergent underpinning theoretical models, factors, structural/psychometric properties, and the number of accumulated citations. The existing tools also varied in terms of their target sector, with limited tools available for the analysis of work-life balance among healthcare professionals. We argue that while the existing tools provide a general base for the work-life balance measurement, it would be imperative to adjust those tools to the specific cultural and professional contexts. Future work-life balance measures should consider the changes imposed by atypical or disruptive events that have the potential to alter work-life balance, such as in the case of the COVID-19 pandemic. The onus is on researchers and policymakers to work collaboratively in each context to adapt, implement, and evaluate those tools as they become integrated into the matrix of labour market assessments in the future.

CONCLUSIONS: The article highlighted current gaps and improvement opportunities in the work-life balance measurement field. Implications for Healthcare and Nursing Management. The maintenance of work-life balance will remain an issue for years to come. Ensuring comprehensive and context-specific measurements would be essential to guide the evidence-based recommendations necessary to support the workforce across the various sectors of the economy in the future.},
}

Humans
*Work-Life Balance/standards
*COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology
Psychometrics/methods/instrumentation
Pandemics
SARS-CoV-2
*Health Care Sector
Job Satisfaction
*Health Personnel/psychology

@article {pmid40225607,
year = {2023},
author = {Morgado-Toscano, C and Gómez-Salgado, J and García-Iglesias, JJ and Fagundo-Rivera, J and López-López, D and Allande-Cussó, R},
title = {Levels of Anxiety and Fear among Nurses During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Journal of nursing management},
volume = {2023},
number = {},
pages = {2191984},
pmid = {40225607},
issn = {1365-2834},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/nursing/epidemiology ; *Fear/psychology ; *Anxiety/psychology/etiology/epidemiology ; *Nurses/psychology ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {AIM: The aim of this review is to find out what levels of anxiety and fear have been shown by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Health security crises affect not only physical health but also the mental health and wellbeing of healthcare professionals due to a higher level of exposure. Evaluation. A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA statement. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. The literature search was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS) electronic databases based on the keywords that the research question yielded following the PECOT strategy. For the selection of articles, original articles, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, short communication articles, and case reports were included. Then, a series of inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, screening the results to obtain a total of 18 articles, which were used to elaborate the study. Key Issues. Fear and anxiety levels were described in a total of 18 selected studies. The main fear-related concerns of the nurses were associated with the fear of infecting their family or friends and the fear of the death of a family member or friend.

CONCLUSIONS: The main psychological impact on nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic was related to fear, anxiety, stress, and depression. Fear of infecting family members or of being infected were the main impacts perceived by nurses. Implications for Nursing Management. In general, high scores were found for levels of fear and anxiety, although the figures varied by country and time of data collection. Resilience was considered the main tool for coping with the loss and trauma experienced by nurses.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/psychology/nursing/epidemiology
*Fear/psychology
*Anxiety/psychology/etiology/epidemiology
*Nurses/psychology
Pandemics
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40217931,
year = {2025},
author = {Olesińska, W and Biernatek, M and Lachowicz-Wiśniewska, S and Piątek, J},
title = {Systematic Review of the Impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare Systems and Society-The Role of Diagnostics and Nutrition in Pandemic Response.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {7},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm14072482},
pmid = {40217931},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed deep vulnerabilities in healthcare systems and public health preparedness. This systematic review examines the effectiveness of epidemiological procedures, the role of diagnostics, and the influence of nutritional status on immune function and disease severity. A total of 88 studies were analyzed, encompassing diagnostics, micronutrient deficiencies (notably vitamin D, C, E, zinc, and selenium), and the psychosocial impact of the pandemic. The results underscore the importance of integrated strategies-including accurate testing, preventive nutritional measures, and mental health support-in improving outcomes and societal resilience during global health crises. Unlike previous reviews that focused on isolated biomedical or public health elements, this study integrates diagnostics, immune-nutritional status, and psychosocial effects to present a comprehensive, multidimensional analysis of pandemic impact and preparedness.},
}

@article {pmid40217755,
year = {2025},
author = {Flisiak, R and Jaroszewicz, J and Kozielewicz, D and Kuchar, E and Parczewski, M and Pawłowska, M and Piekarska, A and Rzymski, P and Simon, K and Tomasiewicz, K and Zarębska-Michaluk, D},
title = {Management of SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Polish Association of Epidemiologists and Infectiologists, for 2025.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {7},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm14072305},
pmid = {40217755},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {The first Polish recommendations for the management of COVID-19 were published by the Polish Society of Epidemiologists and Infectiologists (PTEiLChZ) on 31 March 2020, and the last three years ago. The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants, a different course of the disease, as well as new knowledge about therapies and vaccines, requires updating diagnostic, therapeutic, and prophylactic guidelines. Despite the reduction in the threat associated with COVID-19, there is a risk of another epidemic caused by coronaviruses, which was an additional reason for developing a new version of the guidelines. In preparing these recommendations, the Delphi method was used, reaching a consensus after three survey cycles. Compared to the 2022 version, the names of the individual stages of the disease have been changed, adapting them to the realities of clinical practice, and attention was paid to the differences observed in immunosuppressed patients and in children. Some previously recommended drugs have been discontinued, including monoclonal antibodies. In addition, general principles of vaccination were presented, as well as issues related to the post-COVID syndrome.},
}

@article {pmid40217604,
year = {2025},
author = {Cioboata, R and Balteanu, MA and Osman, A and Vlasceanu, SG and Zlatian, OM and Mitroi, DM and Catana, OM and Socaci, A and Tieranu, EN},
title = {Coinfections in Tuberculosis in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Epidemiology, Clinical Implications, Diagnostic Challenges, and Management Strategies-A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {7},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm14072154},
pmid = {40217604},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major public health challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where high burdens of coinfections exacerbate the disease's impact. In 2023, an estimated 8.2 million people were newly diagnosed with tuberculosis worldwide, reflecting an increase from 7.5 million in 2022 and 7.1 million in 2019. In LMICs, limited access to healthcare, inadequate nutrition, and poor living conditions contribute to higher coinfection rates among TB patients, leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment, which in turn exacerbates disease severity and facilitates transmission. This narrative review synthesizes the epidemiology, clinical implications, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies related to TB coinfections with viral pathogens including HIV, SARS-CoV-2, and influenza, bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, fungi such as Aspergillus and Candida species, and parasites. This review highlights that overlapping symptoms, immune system compromise, and socioeconomic barriers in LMICs lead to delayed diagnoses and suboptimal treatment outcomes, while also addressing the challenges of managing drug interactions particularly in HIV-TB coinfections and underscoring the need for integrated diagnostic approaches, improved treatment regimens, and strengthened healthcare systems, thereby consolidating current evidence to inform future research priorities and policy interventions aimed at reducing the overall burden of TB and its coinfections in resource-limited settings.},
}

@article {pmid40217329,
year = {2025},
author = {Lin, ZZ and Cai, HW and Huang, YF and Zhou, LL and Yuan, ZY and He, LP and Li, J},
title = {Prevalence of depression among university students in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {BMC psychology},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {373},
pmid = {40217329},
issn = {2050-7283},
support = {20241180013//National Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Students/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; China/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; Universities ; Prevalence ; *Depression/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Male ; Female ; Young Adult ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Depression among university students in China represents a critical public health challenge, with emerging evidence suggesting exacerbated risks during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite prior regional studies, a comprehensive national analysis comparing pre-pandemic and pandemic-era prevalence, while accounting for profession-specific stressors, remains lacking. This study aims to quantify depression prevalence across Chinese universities, identify high-risk subgroups, and assess the pandemic's impact.

METHODS: A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, CNKI, Wang-fang Database, and Web of Science. The articles were cross-sectional studies focusing on the prevalence of depression among university students in China, with clearly defined criteria for diagnosing depression included. MetaXL 5.3 was used to pool the outcomes and perform a meta-analysis, assessing the prevalence of depression among university students and influential factors such as the impact of COVID-19.

RESULTS: Data from 32 cross-sectional studies (n = 93,679) on depression prevalence among students were analyzed. The prevalence estimates ranged from 12.1% to 77.1%, with a summary prevalence of 34.70% after meta-analytic pooling. Subgroup investigations based on major, sample size, geographical region, gender, and the influence of COVID-19 were conducted. Prior to the pandemic, student depression prevalence was 35.0% (95%CI, 26.9%-43.4%), which increased to 38.7% (95%CI, 33.6%-44.0%) during and after the pandemic.

DISCUSSION: This study underscores a substantial mental health burden among Chinese university students, intensified by pandemic-related disruptions. Medical students and those in high-stress regions warrant prioritized interventions. Systemic reforms in healthcare education and regionally tailored mental health policies are urgently needed. Longitudinal studies are critical to track post-pandemic recovery trajectories.

CRD42024502949.},
}

Humans
*Students/psychology/statistics & numerical data
China/epidemiology
*COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology
Universities
Prevalence
*Depression/epidemiology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Male
Female
Young Adult
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40216549,
year = {2025},
author = {Mueller, HJ and Pennington, EL and Carr, AS and Barner, JC},
title = {Effectiveness of Telehealth for Disease Management During the Perinatal Period: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1089/tmj.2024.0501},
pmid = {40216549},
issn = {1556-3669},
abstract = {Introduction: Many perinatal services to manage chronic diseases transitioned to telehealth following the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study was conducted to review the literature and summarize the effectiveness of telehealth for diabetes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), mental health (anxiety and depression), and opioid use disorder (OUD) management during the perinatal period postonset of COVID-19. Methods: PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore databases were searched for articles published between 2020 and 2023 using keywords (COVID-19) and (maternal, maternity, obstetrics, perinatal, pregnancy) and (telemedicine, telehealth). Inclusion criteria were: intervention or change in practice with clinical results, postonset of COVID-19, English language, and addressed disease management (i.e., diabetes, hypertension, mental health, OUD) during pregnancy or postpartum. Exclusion criteria were: commentary, guideline, protocol, or review articles and perspectives. Results: The review included 24 articles, including 7 randomized controlled trials. Articles evaluated diabetes (N = 9), HDP (N = 4), mental health (N = 10), and OUD (N = 1). One-half (N = 12) were conducted in the United States and telehealth interventions (e.g., app, videoconferencing, audio visits) and clinical effectiveness varied by disease state. Most studies reported at least one positive outcome of telehealth (N = 19, 79.2%); however, some also reported negative outcomes (N = 8, 33.3%). Glycemic control was adequately achieved in most studies (N = 8, 88.9%), and the majority of studies (N = 3, 75%) reported positive or neutral results for the management of HDP. Various telehealth interventions resulted in lower anxiety and depression symptoms. Only one study examined OUD and reported negative outcomes. Conclusions: Telehealth offered effective management of diabetes, hypertension, anxiety, and depression in perinatal women and often improved patient outcomes during COVID-19. Therefore, telehealth should continue to be offered to perinatal women with these chronic conditions as appropriate for individual and clinical situations. More research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of telehealth interventions for OUD management.},
}

@article {pmid40215094,
year = {2025},
author = {Xu, R and Jiang, J and Ding, L and Song, D and Chen, Y},
title = {Innovation of Ratiometric Sensing Strategies Based on Graphitic Carbon Nitride.},
journal = {Critical reviews in analytical chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-25},
doi = {10.1080/10408347.2025.2486213},
pmid = {40215094},
issn = {1547-6510},
abstract = {Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), a π-conjugated semiconductor with visible-light absorption, has emerged as a versatile material for ratiometric sensing due to its thermal/chemical stability, biocompatibility, and tunable optoelectronic properties. This review highlights recent advances in g-C3N4-based ratiometric electrochemiluminescence (ECL), fluorescence (FL), and photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensors for ultrasensitive detection of diverse analytes. Ratiometric ECL platforms achieved remarkable detection limits, such as 0.2 nM for Hg[2+] and 59 aM for SARS-CoV-2 RdRp gene, leveraging dual-potential or dual-wavelength strategies. FL sensors enabled selective quantification of analysts, such as Ce[3+] (6.4 × 10[-8 ]mol/L) and tetracycline (5.0 nM) via aggregation-induced emission or inner filter effect mechanisms. In PEC sensing, spatial-resolved dual-electrode systems attained ultrahigh sensitivity for Escherichia coli (0.66 cfu/mL) and alpha-fetoprotein (0.2 pg/mL). These g-C3N4-based sensors demonstrated enhanced sensitivity and reliability across environmental, biomedical, and food safety applications. The synergy of g-C3N4's structural advantages and ratiometric design principles demonstrates broad application prospects in fields such as food and environmental safety analysis, as well as early disease diagnosis.},
}

@article {pmid40214651,
year = {2025},
author = {Akingbola, A and Adewole, O and Adegbesan, A and Peters, F and Odukoya, T and Aremu, O and Adeleke, O and Idris, A and Owolabi, A and Aiyenuro, A},
title = {From Wuhan to Omicron K.P2 strain: A comprehensive review of SARS-CoV-2 phylogeny and public health implications of the latest booster vaccine.},
journal = {Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {2485840},
doi = {10.1080/21645515.2025.2485840},
pmid = {40214651},
issn = {2164-554X},
mesh = {Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics/immunology/classification ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology/virology/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration & dosage ; Immunization, Secondary ; Phylogeny ; Public Health ; Mutation ; },
abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to evolve, with the Omicron KP.2 variant, a descendant of BA.2.86, emerging as a public health concern due to its rapid spread and resistance to existing immunity. This review examines the phylogenetic evolution of SARS-CoV-2, focusing on KP.2 and its key mutations (R346T, F456L, V1104L), alongside its epidemiological implications. It also discusses the development and approval of the KP.2-adapted booster vaccine, shown in clinical trials to significantly enhance immune responses and protect against symptomatic and severe disease, particularly in vulnerable groups. Despite vaccine advancements, challenges in global distribution and inequity persist, especially in low- and middle-income countries, increasing the risk of vaccine-resistant variants. The manuscript underscores the importance of equitable access to the KP.2-adapted booster to control the pandemic and prevent future outbreaks, while highlighting the need for continuous surveillance and broader-spectrum vaccine research as the virus evolves.},
}

Humans
*SARS-CoV-2/genetics/immunology/classification
*COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology/virology/immunology
*COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration & dosage
Immunization, Secondary
Phylogeny
Public Health
Mutation

@article {pmid40214136,
year = {2025},
author = {Baruah, A},
title = {A Paradigmatic Shift: Telehealth Counselling's Expansion and Challenges in India.},
journal = {Journal of evaluation in clinical practice},
volume = {31},
number = {3},
pages = {e70089},
doi = {10.1111/jep.70089},
pmid = {40214136},
issn = {1365-2753},
support = {//This study was supported by Christ University Delhi NCR./ ; },
mesh = {India/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Telemedicine/organization & administration ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Counseling/organization & administration/methods ; *Mental Health Services/organization & administration ; Health Services Accessibility/organization & administration ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the rapid expansion and transformative impact of telehealth counselling in India, a trend significantly propelled by the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODOLOGY: This paper presents a perspective on the current telehealth landscape, synthesizing insights from an extensive literature review. The investigation integrates qualitative insights from health care practitioners and clients, allowing for a multifaceted understanding of the emerging obstacles linked to telehealth implementation. The synthesis is structured around several key concepts identified in the literature, including the efficacy of telehealth counselling services compared to traditional face-to-face interactions, the resilience of mental health services during crises, and the growing acceptance of digital modalities among patients. Additionally, it explores significant challenges such as disparities in technological access, the need for comprehensive regulatory frameworks, varying levels of patient receptivity, infrastructural limitations, and the readiness of health care professionals to adopt telehealth technologies.

RESULTS: By focusing on these areas, the paper elucidates the complex interplay of technical, regulatory, and cultural factors shaping the telehealth ecosystem in India. It advocates for urgent policy enhancements and the continuous integration of technology to effectively address these barriers.

DISCUSSION: This perspective underscores the potential for telehealth counselling to evolve into a permanent and essential component of India's mental health service delivery model, ultimately contributing to a more resilient and accessible health care system.

CONCLUSION: The conclusions drawn emphasize the necessity for targeted policy interventions and the establishment of robust technological infrastructures to foster a more inclusive and effective telehealth environment, ensuring mental health services reach all segments of the population.},
}

India/epidemiology
Humans
*Telemedicine/organization & administration
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Counseling/organization & administration/methods
*Mental Health Services/organization & administration
Health Services Accessibility/organization & administration
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40213632,
year = {2025},
author = {Dezawa, M},
title = {Macrophage- and pluripotent-like reparative Muse cells are unique endogenous stem cells distinct from other somatic stem cells.},
journal = {Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {1553382},
pmid = {40213632},
issn = {2296-4185},
abstract = {Muse cells are endogenous reparative stem cells with dual characteristics: pluripotent-like and macrophage-like. They can be identified by the pluripotent surface marker stage-specific embryonic antigen-3-positive (SSEA-3 (+)) cells in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and various organs, including the umbilical cord and amnion. Muse cells can differentiate into ectodermal, endodermal, and mesodermal lineage cells, self-renew, and selectively migrate to damaged sites by sensing one of the universal tissue damage signals, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). At these sites, they phagocytose damaged/apoptotic cells and differentiate into the same cell type as the phagocytosed cells. In this manner, Muse cells replace damaged/apoptotic cells with healthy, functioning cells, thereby repairing tissues. Due to their specific immunosuppressive and immunotolerant mechanism, clinical trials have been conducted for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), subacute ischemic stroke, epidermolysis bullosa, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), cervical spinal cord injury, neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), and COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome. These trials involved the intravenous injection of ∼1.5 × 10[7] donor Muse cells without human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching or immunosuppressant treatment, and they demonstrated safety and therapeutic efficacy. Thus, donor Muse cell treatment does not require gene manipulation, differentiation induction, or surgical intervention. These unique characteristics distinguish Muse cells from other somatic stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells, VSEL stem cells, and marrow-isolated adult multi-lineage inducible (MIAMI) cells.},
}

@article {pmid40184037,
year = {2025},
author = {Radcliffe, C and Kotton, CN},
title = {Vaccination strategies for solid organ transplant candidates and recipients: insights and recommendations.},
journal = {Expert review of vaccines},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {313-323},
doi = {10.1080/14760584.2025.2489659},
pmid = {40184037},
issn = {1744-8395},
mesh = {Humans ; *Vaccination/methods ; *Transplant Recipients ; Immunocompromised Host ; *Organ Transplantation ; *Vaccines/administration & dosage/immunology ; *Vaccine-Preventable Diseases/prevention & control ; Vaccine Efficacy ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Vaccines save lives. They are integral to reducing the morbidity and mortality of vaccine-preventable infections in solid organ transplant recipients. Pre-transplant vaccination provides a unique opportunity for administration of live, viral vaccines, and enhanced vaccine efficacy, compared to the post-transplant period with decreased vaccine response due to immunosuppression.

AREAS COVERED: We discuss a general approach to pre- and post-transplant vaccination in solid organ transplant candidates and recipients. We then review guideline statements and recent literature related to individual vaccines, including the recently developed respiratory syncytial virus vaccine. Travel and occupation-related vaccines are also discussed.

EXPERT OPINION: The challenge of vaccination for immunocompromised patients expands as the prevalence of immunocompromised adults rises, and immunocompromised patients are frequently excluded from vaccine trials. In an age of vaccine hesitancy and reemerging vaccine-preventable infections, well-powered, prospective studies are needed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of vaccines in solid organ transplant candidates and recipients.},
}

Humans
*Vaccination/methods
*Transplant Recipients
Immunocompromised Host
*Organ Transplantation
*Vaccines/administration & dosage/immunology
*Vaccine-Preventable Diseases/prevention & control
Vaccine Efficacy

@article {pmid40212904,
year = {2025},
author = {Schipper, AE and Sloane, CSM and Shimelis, LB and Kim, RT},
title = {Technological innovations in layperson CPR education - A scoping review.},
journal = {Resuscitation plus},
volume = {23},
number = {},
pages = {100924},
pmid = {40212904},
issn = {2666-5204},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Rapid initiation of CPR is key for survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests, making bystander CPR education a key part of the cardiac chain-of-survival. CPR classes continue to include new technologies that enable more widespread and high-fidelity training. We aimed to examine the landscape of technological innovations in layperson CPR training since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: We searched Cochrane, Medline, PubMed, and Web of Science from database inception to July 2024 for studies. We included articles with layperson CPR classes that included a technological advance, either in the equipment or mode of delivery of education. We focused on studies published after the start of 2020.

RESULTS: Out of 1070 studies screened, 50 met the selection criteria. The primary groups of technology found were extended reality (20), feedback devices (11), asynchronous video instruction (10), tele-education (5), and low-cost CPR manikins (4). These technologies show promise to offer comparable or improved effectiveness compared to traditional options. Several topics may warrant further investigation, such as cognitive load associated with extended reality, the practicality of student-created CPR training devices, and possible interactive effects between technologies.

CONCLUSION: Future systematic reviews should evaluate the specific learning contexts for which these individual technologies, or combinations of these technologies, may be best suited to guide regulating bodies and CPR instructors in their pedagogical decisions.},
}

@article {pmid40212158,
year = {2025},
author = {Abbas, AH and Haji, MR and Shimal, AA and Kurmasha, YH and Al-Janabi, AAH and Azeez, ZT and Al-Ali, ARS and Al-Najati, HMH and Al-Waeli, ARA and Abdulhadi, NASA and Al-Tuaama, AZH and Al-Ashtary, MM and Hussin, OA},
title = {A multidisciplinary review of long COVID to address the challenges in diagnosis and updated management guidelines.},
journal = {Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)},
volume = {87},
number = {4},
pages = {2105-2117},
pmid = {40212158},
issn = {2049-0801},
abstract = {Long COVID has emerged as a significant challenge since the COVID-19 pandemic, which was declared as an outbreak in March 2020, marked by diverse symptoms and prolonged duration of disease. Defined by the WHO as symptoms persisting or emerging for at least two months post-SARS-CoV-2 infection without an alternative cause, its prevalence varies globally, with estimates of 10-20% in Europe, 7.3% in the USA, and 3.0% in the UK. The condition's etiology remains unclear, involving factors, such as renin-angiotensin system overactivation, persistent viral reservoirs, immune dysregulation, and autoantibodies. Reactivated viruses, like EBV and HSV-6, alongside epigenetic alterations, exacerbate mitochondrial dysfunction and energy imbalance. Emerging evidence links SARS-CoV-2 to chromatin and gut microbiome changes, further influencing long-term health impacts. Diagnosis of long COVID requires detailed systemic evaluation through medical history and physical examination. Management is highly individualized, focusing mainly on the patient's symptoms and affected systems. A multidisciplinary approach is essential, integrating diverse perspectives to address systemic manifestations, underlying mechanisms, and therapeutic strategies. Enhanced understanding of long COVID's pathophysiology and clinical features is critical to improving patient outcomes and quality of life. With a growing number of cases expected globally, advancing research and disseminating knowledge on long COVID remain vital for developing effective diagnostic and management frameworks, ultimately supporting better care for affected individuals.},
}

@article {pmid40212143,
year = {2025},
author = {Nayak, SS and Amini-Salehi, E and Ulrich, MT and Sahli, Y and Fleischman, M and Patel, M and Naeiji, M and Maghsoodifar, H and Sadeghi Douki, SAH and Alotaibi, A and Faraji, N and Hassanipour, S and Hashemi, M and Keivanlou, MH},
title = {Exploring the evolution of evidence synthesis: a bibliometric analysis of umbrella reviews in medicine.},
journal = {Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)},
volume = {87},
number = {4},
pages = {2035-2048},
pmid = {40212143},
issn = {2049-0801},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Umbrella review studies have become increasingly vital in evidence synthesis, offering a comprehensive overview by analyzing multiple systematic reviews and meta-analyses. This bibliometric study aimed to delineate the growth and thematic evolution of umbrella reviews within evidence-based medicine, illuminating their integral role in synthesizing high-level evidence.

METHODS: Utilizing the Web of Science Core Collection, we performed a search for publications on umbrella reviews, identifying relevant articles through a refined strategy. Analytical tools including VOS Viewer and CiteSpace were employed to visualize connections and trends among the gathered data, converting intricate bibliometric information into comprehensible visual maps.

RESULTS: Our search yielded 2965 pertinent publications, highlighting a marked growth in research output, particularly from 2010 to 2023. The United States, United Kingdom, and China were predominant in this field, with leading institutions like King's College London and the University of Toronto at the forefront. The analysis identified major journals such as BMJ Open and PLOS One as key publishers. Co-citation and keyword analysis revealed current research focuses, with recent trends emphasizing COVID-19 and mental health. The study also uncovered a robust international collaboration network, underscoring the global impact of umbrella reviews.

CONCLUSION: This bibliometric analysis confirms the expanding influence and utility of umbrella reviews in medical research and decision-making. By charting the evolution and current trends in this field, our study not only showcases the geographical and institutional distribution of research but also guides future scholarly efforts to advance evidence synthesis methodologies.},
}

@article {pmid40211768,
year = {2025},
author = {Gao, J and Zhao, D and Nouri, HR and Chu, HW and Huang, H},
title = {Transcriptional Regulation of Mouse Mast Cell Differentiation and the Role of Human Lung Mast Cells in Airway Inflammation.},
journal = {Immunological reviews},
volume = {331},
number = {1},
pages = {e70026},
doi = {10.1111/imr.70026},
pmid = {40211768},
issn = {1600-065X},
support = {R01AI083986/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R01AI107022/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R01AI150082/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R01AI152504/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R01AI161296/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; U19AI125357/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; *Mast Cells/immunology/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Mice ; *Lung/immunology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Inflammation/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; },
abstract = {Mast cells (MCs) play a critical role in allergic inflammation, anaphylaxis, and chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma, COPD, and osteoarthritis. Dysregulated MC activation can lead to MC activation syndrome (MACS), which is observed in patients with long COVID. MCs express the high-affinity receptor for IgE and, upon activation, release mediators and cytokines that trigger anaphylactic shock and promote allergic inflammation. They also interact with epithelial and nerve cells, which are crucial in forming a complex network of cell-cell and gene-gene interactions driving chronic inflammation that can confer resistance to treatment. In this review, in the context of the literature, we focus on experiments conducted in our laboratory investigating how transcription factors and enhancers regulate genes critical in mouse MC differentiation and function related to human lung inflammation.},
}

Animals
Humans
*Mast Cells/immunology/metabolism
Cell Differentiation/genetics
Mice
*Lung/immunology
Gene Expression Regulation
Inflammation/immunology
*COVID-19/immunology
Transcription Factors/metabolism
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology

@article {pmid40211538,
year = {2025},
author = {Bhojnagarwala, PS and Jose, J and Zhao, S and Weiner, DB},
title = {DNA based Immunotherapy for Cancer: in vivo Approaches for Recalcitrant Targets.},
journal = {Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ymthe.2025.04.008},
pmid = {40211538},
issn = {1525-0024},
abstract = {Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment which complements traditional therapies including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation and targeted therapies. Immunotherapy redirects the patient's immune system against tumors via several immune mediated approaches. Over the past few years, therapeutic immunization, which enable the patient's T cells to better recognize and kill tumors, have been increasingly tested in the clinic with several approaches demonstrating treatment improvements. There has been a renewed interest in cancer vaccines due to advances in tumor-antigen identification, immune response optimization, novel adjuvants, next-generation vaccine delivery platforms and antigen designs. The Covid-19 pandemic accelerated progress in nucleic acid-based vaccine manufacturing, which spurred broader interest in mRNA or plasmid platforms. Enhanced DNA vaccine designs including optimized leader sequences, RNA and codon optimizations, improved formulations and delivery via adaptive electroporation using stereotactic intramuscular/intradermal methods have improved T cell responses to plasmid-delivered tumor-antigens. Additionally, advancements for direct in vivo delivery of DNA-encoded mono/bispecific antibodies offer novel tumor-targeting strategies. This review summarizes recent clinical data for therapeutic cancer vaccines utilizing the DNA platform, including vaccines targeting common tumor-associated and viral antigens and neoantigen vaccines using nucleic acid technologies. We also summarize preclinical data using DNA-launched monoclonal/bispecific antibodies, underscoring their potential as a novel cancer therapy tool.},
}

@article {pmid40210368,
year = {2025},
author = {Verduzco-Gutierrez, M and Fleming, TK and Azola, AM},
title = {Considerations for Long COVID Rehabilitation in Women.},
journal = {Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America},
volume = {36},
number = {2},
pages = {371-387},
doi = {10.1016/j.pmr.2024.11.009},
pmid = {40210368},
issn = {1558-1381},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/rehabilitation/epidemiology ; Female ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Sex Factors ; },
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has given rise to long COVID, a prolonged manifestation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, which presents with varied symptoms and conditions lasting beyond expected acute illness. Despite efforts, diagnostic and treatment approaches remain insufficient, particularly for women who experience higher prevalence rates. Rehabilitation professionals have played a crucial role during the pandemic. Individualized rehabilitation plans, encompassing various therapies and interdisciplinary collaborations, are essential. Addressing disparities and biological sex differences is paramount, requiring increased research, understanding, and advocacy for effective rehabilitative care tailored to all individuals affected by long COVID.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/rehabilitation/epidemiology
Female
SARS-CoV-2
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
Sex Factors

@article {pmid40209971,
year = {2025},
author = {Adiguzel, Y and Bogdanos, DP and Shoenfeld, Y},
title = {Molecular/antigenic mimicry and immunological cross-reactivity explains SARS-CoV-2-induced autoimmunity.},
journal = {Autoimmunity reviews},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {103811},
doi = {10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103811},
pmid = {40209971},
issn = {1873-0183},
abstract = {COVID-19 pandemic is over, but its effects on chronic illnesses remain a challenging issue. Understanding the influence of SARS-COV-2-mediated autoimmunity and overt autoimmune disease is of paramount importance, as it can provide a critical mass of information regarding both infection-mediated (and vaccination-induced) autoimmune phenomena in susceptible individuals during the disease course, and short or long-term post-disease sequelae. The high prevalence of organ and non-organ specific autoantibody positivity in patients with COVID-19 led to studies attempting to delineate the origin and the underlying mechanism responsible for their induction nature, identifying novel autoantigens, and the self-epitope sequences which could be the impetus for the initiating autoreactive responses. Herein, we provide a meticulous review of the studies reporting those mimicking sequences that have been experimentally validated, based on the assumption that molecular mimicry and immunological crossreactivity may account for autoantibody development. Most reports are based on bioinformatics approaches, and only a disproportionally small number of studies currently demonstrate immunological crossreactivity. We took the opportunity to further review and searched for the linear human epitope sequences of human, through the epitopes deposited at the Immune Epitope Database. This included an analysis of autoimmune disease as the disease data to comprehensively understand the subject matter. The critical overview of the findings underscore the urgent and immense need for further research to gain a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms involved and the anticipated appraisal that molecular mimicry and immunological crossreactivity is indeed central to the loss of immunological tolerance during SARS-COV-2 infection.},
}

@article {pmid40208120,
year = {2025},
author = {Fournier, L and Pérez-Rodriguez, F and Rohr, M and Buvelot, H and Vetter, P},
title = {[Measles: a persistent threat despite an effective vaccine].},
journal = {Revue medicale suisse},
volume = {21},
number = {913},
pages = {736-741},
doi = {10.53738/REVMED.2025.21.913.736},
pmid = {40208120},
issn = {1660-9379},
mesh = {Humans ; *Measles/prevention & control/epidemiology/diagnosis ; *Measles Vaccine/administration & dosage ; COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Vaccination ; Immunocompromised Host ; Child ; },
abstract = {Measles is a highly transmissible viral disease. Following a decrease in vaccination rate between 2020 and 2023 due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, a new surge of cases is observed worldwide. No direct antiviral is currently licensed against measles. Young children and immunocompromised individuals are the most at risk to develop complications. The best way to prevent transmission and complications is through vaccination. Public health measures are required to break transmission chains and protect the most fragile ones. The aim of this article is to review the epidemiology and the virological aspects of measles, to clarify the protection conferred by vaccination and to specify the key elements of diagnosis and management.},
}

Humans
*Measles/prevention & control/epidemiology/diagnosis
*Measles Vaccine/administration & dosage
COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control
Vaccination
Immunocompromised Host
Child

@article {pmid40206484,
year = {2025},
author = {Satyanarayanan, SK and Yip, TF and Han, Z and Zhu, H and Qin, D and Lee, SMY},
title = {Role of toll-like receptors in post-COVID-19 associated neurodegenerative disorders?.},
journal = {Frontiers in medicine},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1458281},
pmid = {40206484},
issn = {2296-858X},
abstract = {In the intricate realm of interactions between hosts and pathogens, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which play a crucial role in the innate immune response, possess the ability to identify specific molecular signatures. This includes components originating from pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2, as well as the resulting damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), the endogenous molecules released after cellular damage. A developing perspective suggests that TLRs play a central role in neuroinflammation, a fundamental factor in neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease (PD). This comprehensive review consolidates current research investigating the potential interplay between TLRs, their signaling mechanisms, and the processes of neurodegeneration following SARS-CoV-2 infection with an aim to elucidate the involvement of TLRs in the long-term neurological complications of COVID-19 and explore the potential of targeting TLRs as a means of implementing intervention strategies for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19-associated long-term brain outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid40049397,
year = {2025},
author = {Camelo, S and Dioh, W and Teixeira, JP and Busse, LW and Nair, G and Plantefeve, G and Morelot-Panzini, C and Lobo, SM and Self, WH and Collins, SP and Van Maanen, R and Veillet, S},
title = {Modulation of the renin-angiotensin system against COVID-19: A path forward?.},
journal = {International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases},
volume = {154},
number = {},
pages = {107867},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107867},
pmid = {40049397},
issn = {1878-3511},
mesh = {Humans ; *Renin-Angiotensin System/drug effects ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Pandemics ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy ; *Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; *Betacoronavirus/drug effects ; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Soon after the pandemic outbreak in 2020, it was proposed that binding of SARS-CoV-2 to the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 may explain most of COVID-19's manifestations. Therefore, manipulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) by using well known and commercialized blockers of its classical arm or by repurposing new stimulators of the alternative RAS pathway in clinical development was seen as a potentially effective strategy for the treatment of COVID-19. Moreover, this therapeutic approach had previously shown significant promise in the treatment of other respiratory viral respiratory infections and forms of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Consequently, several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were launched to test the efficacy of rebalancing the RAS to reduce the severity of COVID-19. While most of these trials produced neutral results, certain studies reached their primary endpoints. In the present collaborative review, sponsors and main investigators of some of these trials attempt to reach a consensus regarding their clinical significance and which factors influenced their differing outcomes. The knowledge gained through the careful analysis of these RCTs of RAS modulators in patients with severe COVID-19 may prove useful for other forms of acute lung injury.},
}

Humans
*Renin-Angiotensin System/drug effects
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
*Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use/pharmacology
Pandemics
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
*Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy
*Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
*Betacoronavirus/drug effects
Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use
Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism

@article {pmid39979191,
year = {2025},
author = {Pederson, T and Tainter, CK and Self, M and Ghobrial, M and Sloane, C and Mergen, S and Kennis, B and Aminlari, A and McGuire, WC and Wardi, G},
title = {Controversies in the Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism in the Emergency Department.},
journal = {The Journal of emergency medicine},
volume = {71},
number = {},
pages = {31-43},
doi = {10.1016/j.jemermed.2024.10.003},
pmid = {39979191},
issn = {0736-4679},
support = {K23 GM146092/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Pulmonary Embolism/diagnosis/therapy ; Emergency Service, Hospital/organization & administration ; COVID-19/complications ; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products/analysis ; Anticoagulants/therapeutic use ; Risk Assessment/methods ; Acute Disease ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is frequently diagnosed in the Emergency Department (ED), and the management approach can be nuanced.

OBJECTIVE: In this narrative review, we synthesize the literature in selected areas of ongoing controversy regarding the diagnostic and management approaches for acute PE in the ED, and provide evidence-based recommendations to empower emergency physicians (EPs) to provide optimal care in these situations.

DISCUSSION: d-Dimer is used to clinically exclude the diagnosis of PE patients who are stratified as low risk. However by utilizing likelihood ratio and with certain scoring tools, patient historically considered moderate or high risk for PE may safely be able to have the diagnosis excluded with a negative d-dimer. Traditional risk stratification and management strategies can be cautiously applied to patients with concomitant Coronavirus-19 infection while awaiting more definitive studies. There is an increasing trend in the diagnosis of isolated subsegmental PE, and many patients receiving this diagnosis may be treated without anticoagulation provided that they have no evidence of associated deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and can be closely followed as an outpatient. There is a persistent hesitancy to discharge patients with newly diagnosed acute PE, and existing well-supported risk stratification tools and clinical decision frameworks can support the EP's decision to safely discharge low-risk patients.

CONCLUSION: tThis review of the literature empowers emergency clinicians to manage challenging PE cases in the ED.},
}

Humans
*Pulmonary Embolism/diagnosis/therapy
Emergency Service, Hospital/organization & administration
COVID-19/complications
Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products/analysis
Anticoagulants/therapeutic use
Risk Assessment/methods
Acute Disease

@article {pmid39971694,
year = {2025},
author = {Tsang, MS and Zhou, IW and Zhang, AL and Xue, CC},
title = {Chinese herbal medicine for dyspnea and persistent symptoms of long COVID: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.},
journal = {Journal of integrative medicine},
volume = {23},
number = {2},
pages = {126-137},
doi = {10.1016/j.joim.2025.01.001},
pmid = {39971694},
issn = {2095-4964},
mesh = {Humans ; *Dyspnea/drug therapy/etiology ; *Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; *COVID-19/complications ; Fatigue/drug therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Anxiety/drug therapy ; Depression/drug therapy ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/drug therapy ; Betacoronavirus ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Over 65 million people have long COVID. Evidence for using Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) to treat long COVID is growing. A systematic review of evidence for guiding clinical decision is warranted.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects and safety of CHM in alleviating the severity of dyspnea, fatigue, exercise intolerance, depression, anxiety and insomnia in long COVID adults based on registered randomized clinical trials (RCT).

SEARCH STRATEGY: World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry were searched for registered trial protocols from database inception to February 10, 2023. English (PubMed, Embase, AMED and CINAHL) and Chinese databases (CNKI, Wanfang Data and CQVIP) were then searched to identify relevant publications from December 2019 through April 6, 2023.

INCLUSION CRITERIA: Registered RCTs that compared the effects of Chinese herbal medicines or Chinese herbal formulas against a control treatment (i.e., the placebo or usual care) in adults with persistent symptoms of long COVID. The primary outcome of dyspnea, and secondary outcomes of fatigue, exercise intolerance, depression, anxiety and insomnia were measured using validated tools at the end of the treatment.

DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were extracted, and eligible RCTs were evaluated using version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations independently by two researchers. Effect sizes were estimated by random-effects modelling and mean difference (MD). Heterogeneity between trials was quantified by I[2].

RESULTS: Among the 38 registered clinical trials we identified, seven RCTs (1,519 patients) were included in the systematic review. One RCT had a low overall risk of bias. Compared to the control, CHM reduces dyspnea on the Borg Dyspnea Scale score (MD = -0.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.65 to 0.25) with moderate certainty, and reduces fatigue on the Borg Scale (MD = -0.48, 95% CI = -0.74 to -0.22) with low certainty. CHM clinically reduces depression on Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score (MD = -6.00, 95% CI = -7.56 to -4.44) and anxiety on Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale score (MD = -6.10, 95% CI = -7.67 to -4.53), and reduces insomnia on the Insomnia Severity Index (MD = -4.86, 95% CI = -12.50 to 2.79) with moderate certainty. Meta-analysis of two RCTs (517 patients) showed that CHM clinically improves exercise intolerance by increasing 6-minute walking distance (MD = -15.92, 95% CI = -10.20 to 42.05) with substantial heterogeneity (I[2] = 68%) and low certainty.

CONCLUSION: CHM is associated with a post-treatment clinical reduction in depression and anxiety in long COVID adults, compared to the control, but it does not have a strong treatment effect on dyspnea and insomnia. Effects of CHM on exercise intolerance and fatigue are uncertain, and the safety of using CHM remains questionable. Please cite this article as: Tsang MS, Zhou IW, Zhang AL, Xue CC. Chinese herbal medicine for dyspnea and persistent symptoms of long COVID: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Integr Med. 2025; 23(2): 126-137.},
}

Humans
*Dyspnea/drug therapy/etiology
*Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
*COVID-19/complications
Fatigue/drug therapy
SARS-CoV-2
Anxiety/drug therapy
Depression/drug therapy
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/drug therapy
Betacoronavirus

@article {pmid39543801,
year = {2025},
author = {Parua, P and Ghosh, S and Jana, K and Seth, A and Debnath, B and Rout, SK and Sarangi, MK and Dash, R and Halder, J and Rajwar, TK and Pradhan, D and Rai, VK and Dash, P and Das, C and Kar, B and Ghosh, G and Rath, G},
title = {Therapeutic Potential of Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies (nMAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant.},
journal = {Current pharmaceutical design},
volume = {31},
number = {10},
pages = {753-773},
pmid = {39543801},
issn = {1873-4286},
mesh = {Humans ; *Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology/drug effects ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred significant endeavors to devise treatments to combat SARS-CoV-2. A limited array of small-molecule antiviral drugs, specifically monoclonal antibodies and interferon therapy, have been sanctioned to treat COVID-19. These treatments typically necessitate administration within ten days of symptom onset. There have been reported reductions in the effectiveness of these medications due to mutations in non-structural protein genes, particularly against Omicron subvariants. This underscores the pressing requirement for healthcare systems to continually monitor pathogen variability and its impact on the efficacy of prevention and treatments.

AIM: This review aimed to comprehend the therapeutic benefits and recent progress of nMAbs for preventing and treating the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nMAbs) provide a treatment avenue for severely affected individuals, especially those at high risk for whom vaccination is not viable. With their specific epitope affinity, they pose no significant risk of severe adverse effects. The degree of reduction in neutralization varies significantly across different monoclonal antibodies and variant combinations. For instance, Sotrovimab maintained its neutralization effectiveness against Omicron BA.1, but exhibited diminished efficacy against BA.2, BA.4, BA.5, and BA.2.12.1.

CONCLUSION: Bebtelovimab has been observed to preserve its efficacy against all subtypes of the Omicron variant. Subsequently, WKS13, mAb-39, 19n01, F61-d2 cocktail, etc., have become effective. This review has highlighted the therapeutic implications of nMAbs in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron treatment and the progress of COVID-19 drug discovery.},
}

Humans
*Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use/immunology
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology/drug effects
*Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use/immunology
*COVID-19/immunology/virology
*COVID-19 Drug Treatment
*Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology

@article {pmid40206686,
year = {2024},
author = {Raissi Dehkordi, N and Raissi Dehkordi, N and Karimi Toudeshki, K and Farjoo, MH},
title = {Artificial Intelligence in Diagnosis of Long QT Syndrome: A Review of Current State, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.},
journal = {Mayo Clinic proceedings. Digital health},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {21-31},
pmid = {40206686},
issn = {2949-7612},
abstract = {Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a potentially life-threatening cardiac repolarization disorder characterized by an increased risk of fatal arrhythmias. Accurate and timely diagnosis is essential for risk stratification and appropriate management. However, traditional diagnostic approaches have limitations, necessitating more objective and efficient tools. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers promising solutions by enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of electrocardiography (ECG) interpretation. The AI algorithms can process ECG data more rapidly than human experts, providing real-time analysis and prompt identification of individuals at risk, and reducing interobserver variability. By analyzing large volumes of ECG data, AI algorithms can extract meaningful features that may not be apparent to the human eye. Advancements in AI-driven corrected QT interval monitoring using mobile ECG devices, such as smartwatches, offer a valuable and convenient tool for identifying individuals at risk of LQTS-related complications, which is particularly applicable during pandemic conditions, such as COVID-19. Integration of AI into clinical practice poses a number of challenges. Bias in data gathering and patient privacy concerns are important considerations that must be addressed. Safeguarding patient privacy and ensuring data protection are crucial for maintaining trust in AI-driven systems. In addition, the interpretability of AI algorithms is a concern because understanding the decision-making process is essential for clinicians to trust and confidently use these tools. Future perspectives in this field may involve the integration of AI into diagnostic protocols, through genetic subtype classifications on the basis of ECG data. Moreover, explainable AI techniques aim to uncover ECG features associated with LQTS diagnosis, suggesting new insights into LQTS pathophysiology.},
}

@article {pmid40206609,
year = {2023},
author = {Nguyen, AM and Rivera, AM and Gualtieri, L},
title = {A New Health Care Paradigm: The Power of Digital Health and E-Patients.},
journal = {Mayo Clinic proceedings. Digital health},
volume = {1},
number = {3},
pages = {203-209},
pmid = {40206609},
issn = {2949-7612},
abstract = {The integration of digital health into the field of medicine has seen a marked increase with the advancement of technology. Before the pandemic, a marked portion of the adult population, more than 66%, owned smartphones, and approximately 15% owned wearables. The widespread use of such devices, along with the effect of COVID-19 pandemic, has led to a transformation in health care culture that prioritizes cocreation, codesign, and collaboration. This shift promotes a model of health care centered on patient empowerment and self-management. In a recent interview with Dave deBronkart, known as e-Patient Dave, we revisited the possibilities of this new approach aimed at empowering, engaging, and equipping e-patients in the context of the pandemic. This interview with deBronkart was originally used for a graduate course on digital health. However, after noticing many reoccurring themes throughout the discussion, we decided to further explore this matter. It was discovered that participatory medicine is a new paradigm in health care, which challenges the conventional, paternalistic model and emphasizes the importance of a collaborative relationship between patients and providers. The realization of the full potential of health care can be achieved by promoting patient engagement and activation through the adoption of participatory medicine.},
}

@article {pmid40206469,
year = {2025},
author = {Snopkowska Lesniak, SW and Maschio, D and Henriquez-Camacho, C and Moreno Cuerda, V},
title = {Biomarkers for SARS-CoV-2 infection. A narrative review.},
journal = {Frontiers in medicine},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1563998},
pmid = {40206469},
issn = {2296-858X},
abstract = {COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 with devastating effects on health-care systems. The magnitude of the problem has moved physicians and investigators to identify strategies to detect patients at a high risk of severe disease. The aim of this study was to identify the most relevant biomarkers in the published literature and their correlation with clinical outcomes. To this end, we performed a revision of studies that investigated laboratory abnormalities in patients with COVID-19, comparing non-severe and severe patients. Blood biomarkers were classified into five main categories: hematological, coagulation related to the liver or kidney, and inflammatory. From our analysis, the most relevant biomarkers associated with severe infection for each category were increased levels of leukocytes, neutrophils, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; decreased platelet count; and high levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, creatine kinase, troponin, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen, C-reactive protein, ferritin, and IL-6. Moreover, lactate dehydrogenase and D-dimer levels were independent risk factors for death.},
}

@article {pmid40205144,
year = {2025},
author = {Bonanni, P and Heo, JY and Honda, H and Lee, PI and Mouliom, A and Leong, HN and Del Pilar Martin Matos, M and Dawson, R},
title = {Optimal Timing of Vaccination: A Narrative Review of Integrating Strategies for COVID-19, Influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus.},
journal = {Infectious diseases and therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40205144},
issn = {2193-8229},
abstract = {Lower respiratory tract infections caused by SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) cause a significant disease burden globally, despite the availability of effective vaccines. Certain populations, such as older adults (≥ 60 years) and individuals of all ages with particular comorbidities, are at increased risk for severe outcomes, including hospitalization and death. National administration schedules for available vaccines against respiratory viruses are not unified, and not all current guidelines are clear and directive, concerning the optimal timing of vaccination. Herein, we formulate an evidence-based position regarding the optimal timing of COVID-19, influenza, and RSV vaccination for older adults and individuals with chronic comorbidities, based on a synthesis of the literature and current guidelines. Vaccination impact and timing were found to be influenced by vaccinee risk factors, including age and comorbidities, and waning vaccine effectiveness and seasonal pathogen burden. Because COVID-19, influenza, and RSV display unique seasonal patterns within and between regions, local epidemiological surveillance of each virus is crucial for determining optimal vaccination timing and guidelines. To maximize the benefits of these respiratory virus vaccines, the timing of peak vaccine effectiveness and period of greatest risk for severe outcomes should be aligned. Thus, COVID-19, influenza, and other recommended vaccines given ahead of the start of the respiratory virus season (or other regionally appropriate time) and co-administered at a single, routine visit represent the optimal approach to protecting at-risk populations. More data will be required to establish the clinical benefit of additional RSV vaccine doses and whether these may be integrated within a seasonal schedule. Coordinated policy decisions that align with strain selection for new and annually reformulated vaccines would enable the timely raising of public health awareness, ultimately leading to enhanced vaccine uptake. Implementation strategies will require engagement of healthcare providers and strong, evidence-based public health recommendations for integrated vaccine schedules.},
}