@article {pmid35764354, year = {2022}, author = {Hasan, Q and Elfakki, E and Fahmy, K and Mere, O and Ghoniem, A and Langar, H and Musa, N and Attia, R and Othman, MM and Samhouri, D and Chaudhri, I and Abubakar, A and Hajjeh, R and Hutin, YJ}, title = {Inequities in the deployment of COVID-19 vaccine in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2020-2021.}, journal = {BMJ global health}, volume = {7}, number = {Suppl 4}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1136/bmjgh-2021-008139}, pmid = {35764354}, issn = {2059-7908}, abstract = {The WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) is characterised by a large range in routine immunisation coverage. We reviewed progress in access, deployment efforts, and use of COVID-19 vaccines in the EMR to identify bottlenecks and propose recommendations. We compiled and analysed data reported to WHO regarding the number of vaccines provided emergency use authorisation (EUA) in each country, the number of vaccine doses allocated and delivered by COVAX, the number of vaccine doses received bilaterally, the date of initiation of vaccination, vaccine usage rate and overall vaccination coverage. In June-July and October-November 2021, we conducted two rounds of a regional survey to assess vaccine acceptance and calculated the weighted proportion of individuals who would get vaccinated once a vaccine is available and recommended. We stratified the analysis according to four groups based on their participation status in COVAX, from the highest to lowest income, that is, (1) fully self-financing high-income countries (group 1), (2) fully self-financing upper middle-income countries (group 2), (3) Advance Market Commitment (AMC) countries not eligible to receive Gavi support (group 3) and (4) AMC countries eligible for Gavi support (group 4). As of 31 December 2021, the median number of vaccines provided with EUA was 6 for group 1, 11 for group 2, 8 for group 3 and 9 for group 4. On the same date, COVAX had delivered 179 793 310 doses to EMR countries. Vaccination started on 10 December 2020 in group 1, on 13 December 2020 in group 2, on 30 December 2020 in group 3 and on 20 January 2021 in group 4. The regional acceptance survey (first round) pointed to higher vaccine acceptance in group 1 (96%), than in others, including group 2 (73.9%), group 3 (78.8%) and group 4 (79.3%), with identical patterns in the second round (98%, 78%, 84% and 76%), respectively. Usage of vaccine allocated by COVAX to participating countries was 89% in group 1, 75% in group 2, 78% in group 3 and 42% in group 4. The full dose and partial dose coverage decreased with the income groups of countries, from 70% and 6% in group 1, to 43% and 8% in group 2, to 33% and 11% in group 3, and 20% and 8% in group 4. All 22 EMR countries introduced COVID-19 vaccines by 21 April 2021, but with major inequities in coverage. Additional efforts are needed to address the determinants of unequal vaccine coverage at all stages of the result chain to improve vaccine equity.}, }
@article {pmid35764188, year = {2022}, author = {Pereira, E and Felipe, S and de Freitas, R and Araújo, V and Soares, P and Ribeiro, J and Henrique Dos Santos, L and Alves, JO and Canabrava, N and van Tilburg, M and Guedes, MI and Ceccatto, V}, title = {ABO blood group and link to COVID-19: A comprehensive review of the reported associations and their possible underlying mechanisms.}, journal = {Microbial pathogenesis}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {105658}, doi = {10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105658}, pmid = {35764188}, issn = {1096-1208}, abstract = {ABO blood group is long known to be an influencing factor for the susceptibility to infectious diseases, and many studies have been describing associations between ABO blood types and COVID-19 infection and severity, with conflicting findings. This narrative review aims to summarize the literature regarding associations between the ABO blood group and COVID-19. Blood type O is mostly associated with lower rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection, while blood type A is frequently described as a risk factor. Although results regarding the risk of severe outcomes are more variable, blood type A is the most associated with COVID-19 severity and mortality, while many studies describe O blood type as a protective factor for the disease progression. Furthermore, genetic associations with both the risk of infection and disease severity have been reported for the ABO locus. Some underlying mechanisms have been hypothesized to explain the reported associations, with incipient experimental data. Three major hypotheses emerge: SARS-CoV-2 could carry ABO(H)-like structures in its envelope glycoproteins and would be asymmetrically transmitted due to a protective effect of the ABO antibodies, ABH antigens could facilitate SARS-CoV-2 interaction with the host' cells, and the association of non-O blood types with higher risks of thromboembolic events could confer COVID-19 patients with blood type O a lower risk of severe outcomes. The hypothesized mechanisms would affect distinct aspects of the COVID-19 natural history, with distinct potential implications to the disease transmission and its management.}, }
@article {pmid35764113, year = {2022}, author = {Al-Hazmi, HE and Shokrani, H and Shokrani, A and Jabbour, K and Abida, O and Khadem, SSM and Habibzadeh, S and Sonawane, SH and Saeb, MR and Bonilla-Petriciolet, A and Badawi, M}, title = {Recent advances in aqueous virus removal technologies.}, journal = {Chemosphere}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {135441}, doi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135441}, pmid = {35764113}, issn = {1879-1298}, abstract = {The COVID-19 outbreak has triggered a massive research, but still urgent detection and treatment of this virus seems a public concern. The spread of viruses in aqueous environments underlined efficient virus treatment processes as a hot challenge. This review critically and comprehensively enables identifying and classifying advanced biochemical, membrane-based and disinfection processes for effective treatment of virus-contaminated water and wastewater. Understanding the functions of individual and combined/multi-stage processes in terms of manufacturing and economical parameters makes this contribution a different story from available review papers. Moreover, this review discusses challenges of combining biochemical, membrane and disinfection processes for synergistic treatment of viruses in order to reduce the dissemination of waterborne diseases. Certainly, the combination technologies are proactive in minimizing and restraining the outbreaks of the virus. It emphasizes the importance of health authorities to confront the outbreaks of unknown viruses in the future.}, }
@article {pmid35763914, year = {2022}, author = {Paybast, S and Emami, A and Baghalha, F and Naser Moghadasi, A}, title = {Watch out for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder onset or clinical relapse after COVID-19 vaccination: What neurologists need to know?.}, journal = {Multiple sclerosis and related disorders}, volume = {65}, number = {}, pages = {103960}, doi = {10.1016/j.msard.2022.103960}, pmid = {35763914}, issn = {2211-0356}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically impacted our lives. We conducted this systematic review to investigate the safety of the COVID-19 vaccines in NMOSD patients.<br><br>METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase from the beginning of the COVID-19 vaccination to March 1, 2022. Except for the letters, posters, and reviews, we included all related articles to answer two main questions. Our first question examined the occurrence of NMOSD onset as an adverse effect of the COVID-19 vaccine. Our second question investigated the safety of the COVID-19 vaccines in NMOSD patients.<br><br>RESULTS: Out of 262 records, nine studies, including five studies for the first question and four studies for the second question, met the inclusion criteria. Out of the six patients with NMOSD onset after COVID-19 vaccination, five (83.3%) were female. The median time to NMOSD onset was 6.5 days, and the frequency of the COVID-19 vaccine type was identical in all patients. The most common presentation was longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis, significantly improved by pulse methylprednisolone with or without plasma exchange. The maintenance therapy was described only in three patients: rituximab (n=2) and azathioprine (n=1). Regarding the second question, out of 67 patients, 77.61% were female, with a mean age of 54.75 years old, a mean EDSS of 2.83, and a mean disease duration of 9.5 years. 77% reported at least one preexisting comorbidity. 88.05% were under treatment, most of which were rituximab and azathioprine. 98.50% received two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. mRNA vaccines were the most commonly used vaccine(86.56%), which were well tolerated. No significant adverse event was reported, and local pain was the most frequently reported. 4.67% of the patients experienced a clinical relapse after a mean interval of 49.75 days, which was mainly mild to moderate in severity. Unfortunately, the data on the COVID-19 vaccines were missing.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The analysis suggests the safety profile of the COVID-19 vaccines. All NMOSD patients are strongly recommended to vaccinate for COVID-19. To maximize the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines, further studies are needed to draw the best practice for vaccination.}, }
@article {pmid35763685, year = {2022}, author = {Zhu, T and Jin, J and Chen, M and Chen, Y}, title = {The impact of infection with COVID-19 on the respiratory microbiome: A narrative review.}, journal = {Virulence}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {1076-1087}, doi = {10.1080/21505594.2022.2090071}, pmid = {35763685}, issn = {2150-5608}, abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has affected millions of individuals with various implications. Consistent with the crucial role of the microbiome in determining health and disease in humans, various studies have investigated the gut and respiratory microbiome effect on the COVID-19. Microbiota dysbiosis might support the entry, replication, and establishment of SARS-CoV-2 infection by modulating various mechanisms. One of the main mechanisms that the modulation of respiratory microbiota composition during the COVID-19 infection affects the magnitude of the disease is changes in innate and acquired immune responses, including inflammatory markers and cytokines and B- and T-cells. The diversity of respiratory microbiota in COVID-19 patients is controversial; some studies reported low microbial diversity, while others found high diversity, suggesting the role of respiratory microbiota in this disease. Modulating microbiota diversity and profile by supplementations and nutrients can be applied prophylactic and therapeutic in combating COVID-19. Here, we discussed the lung microbiome dysbiosis during various lung diseases and its interaction with immune cells, focusing on COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid35763409, year = {2022}, author = {Ochoa-Fuentes, DA and Gutiérrez-Chablé, LE and Méndez-Martínez, S and García-Flores, MA and Ayón-Aguilar, J}, title = {[Confinement and social distancing: stress, anxiety, depression in children and adolescents].}, journal = {Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social}, volume = {60}, number = {3}, pages = {338-344}, pmid = {35763409}, issn = {2448-5667}, abstract = {Among the strategies to avoid COVID-19 disease that affects the world population it is keeping away from contagion through confinement and social distancing, which can cause in children and adolescents a change in the psychosocial environment with a high prevalence of psychological and psychiatric disorders, such as stress, anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, risk of suicide and eating disorders. During confinement, were made school closures, shutdowns of recreational and sports spaces, cancellation of outdoor activities, which can have consequences in social habits, sleep, modifications in the eating pattern that entails alterations in anthropometric variables, neurophysiological alterations with behaviors that affect mental health, in addition to the frustration of not executing plans, fear, boredom and the uncertainty of the duration of the pandemic could lead to further stress. Social distancing favors a reduction in interaction, is related to anxiety, stress and depression, in addition to the concern of infecting the family. These scenarios can generate stress for parents, domestic violence and uncontrolled use of the internet. Children and adolescents are vulnerable populations that adapt to the environment in crisis. The objective of this work was to review the influence of confinement and social distancing on stress, anxiety and depression in children and adolescents.}, }
@article {pmid35763241, year = {2022}, author = {Caron, P}, title = {Autoimmune and inflammatory thyroid diseases following vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: from etiopathogenesis to clinical management.}, journal = {Endocrine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35763241}, issn = {1559-0100}, abstract = {Since the Covid-19 pandemic emerged in 2019, several adenoviral-vectored, mRNA-based and inactivated whole-virus vaccines have been developed. A massive vaccination campaign has been undertaken around the world, and an increasing number of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced thyroid diseases have been described in the literature. Subacute thyroiditis has been reported in 52 patients, mean age 45.5 ± 1.8 years, mainly in women (n = 39). Graves' disease is more frequent in women (n = 22) than in men (n = 10), mean age 46.2 ± 2.6 years, reported as new onset, recurrent or exacerbation of well-controlled hyperthyroidism. The mean time to symptoms onset is 9.0 ± 0.8 days in subacute thyroiditis, and 15.1 ± 2.6 days in Graves' patients. Rare patients (n = 6) present silent or painless autoimmune thyroiditis. Thyroid function and autoimmune tests, inflammatory markers, thyroid echography with colour flow Doppler, radio-activity uptake on thyroid scan, medical treatment and follow-up are described and compared in patients with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced thyroid diseases. The underlying pathogenic mechanisms of vaccine-induced thyroid diseases, molecular mimicry (various SARS-CoV-2 proteins sharing a genetic homology with a large heptapeptide human protein) or autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) are discussed in the context of predisposition or genetic susceptibility. The benefits of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination far outweigh the potential vaccine-induced adverse effects, but clinicians should be aware of possible autoimmune and inflammatory thyroid diseases, and can advise patients to seek medical assistance when experiencing anterior neck pain, fever or palpitations following SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Further studies are warranted to investigate the etiopathogenesis and to clarify the factors which predispose patients to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced thyroid diseases.}, }
@article {pmid35763067, year = {2022}, author = {Yelemali, P and Hao, L and Liu, Q}, title = {Mechanisms of host type I interferon response modulation by the nucleocapsid proteins of alpha- and betacoronaviruses.}, journal = {Archives of virology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35763067}, issn = {1432-8798}, support = {RGPIN-2018-04138//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; 20180101//Ministry of Agriculture - Saskatchewan/ ; }, abstract = {Coronaviruses can have a devastating impact on the health of humans and animals. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes extremely high fatality rates in neonatal piglets, whereas severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic in humans. As a critical component of the host antiviral innate immune response, type I interferon production and signaling play a very important role, especially in the initial phase of the antiviral responses. Coronaviruses have evolved multiple ways to counteract type I interferon responses. Although the primary functions of the nucleocapsid protein are to facilitate viral RNA replication and package viral genomic RNA into virions, recent studies have shown that the nucleocapsid protein is also involved in virus-host interactions. The aim of this review is to summarize our current understanding of how the nucleocapsid proteins of PEDV and SARS-CoV-2 modulate type I interferon responses. This knowledge will be useful for developing strategies to combat coronavirus infections.}, }
@article {pmid35762622, year = {2022}, author = {Ikonomou, L and Magnusson, M and Dries, R and Herzog, EL and Hynds, R and Borok, Z and Park, JA and Skolasinski, S and Burgess, JK and Turner, L and Mojarad, SM and Mahoney, JE and Lynch, T and Lehmann, M and Thannickal, VJ and Hook, JL and Vaughan, AE and Hoffman, ET and Weiss, DJ and Ryan, AL}, title = {Stem Cells, Cell Therapies, and Bioengineering in Lung Biology and Disease 2021.}, journal = {American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1152/ajplung.00113.2022}, pmid = {35762622}, issn = {1522-1504}, support = {R13HL160043-01//HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/ ; }, abstract = {The 9th biennial conference titled "Stem Cells, Cell Therapies, and Bioengineering in Lung Biology and Diseases" was hosted virtually, due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, in collaboration with the University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Alpha-1 Foundation, the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, and the International Society for Cell &amp; Gene Therapy. The event was held from July 12th through 15th, 2021 with a pre-conference workshop held July 9th. As in previous years the objectives remained to review and discuss the status of active research areas involving stem cells, cellular therapeutics, and bioengineering as they relate to the human lung. Topics included: 1) technological advancements in the in situ analysis of lung tissues, 2) new insights into stem cell signalling and plasticity in lung remodelling and regeneration, 3) the impact of extracellular matrix in stem cell regulation and airway engineering in lung regeneration, 4) differentiating and delivering stem cell therapeutics to the lung, 5) regeneration in response to viral infection, and 6) ethical development of cell-based treatments for lung diseases. This selection of topics represents some of the most dynamic and current research areas in lung biology. The virtual workshop included active discussion on state-of-the-art methods relating to the core features of the 2021 conference, including in-situ protemics, lung-on-chip, iPSC-airway differentiation, and light sheet microscopy. The conference concluded with an open discussion to suggest funding priorities and recommendations for future research directions in basic and translational lung biology.}, }
@article {pmid35762498, year = {2022}, author = {Fé, LXSGM and Cipolatti, EP and Pinto, MCC and Branco, S and Nogueira, FCS and Ortiz, GMD and Pinheiro, AS and Manoel, EA}, title = {Enzymes in the time of COVID-19: An overview about the effects in the human body, enzyme market, and perspectives for new drugs.}, journal = {Medicinal research reviews}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/med.21919}, pmid = {35762498}, issn = {1098-1128}, support = {88882.425589/2019-01//Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)/ ; E-26/203276/2017//Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)/ ; E-26/201.366/2021//Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)/ ; }, abstract = {The rising pandemic caused by a coronavirus, resulted in a scientific quest to discover some effective treatments against its etiologic agent, the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This research represented a significant scientific landmark and resulted in many medical advances. However, efforts to understand the viral mechanism of action and how the human body machinery is subverted during the infection are still ongoing. Herein, we contributed to this field with this compilation of the roles of both viral and human enzymes in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this sense, this overview reports that proteases are vital for the infection to take place: from SARS-CoV-2 perspective, the main protease (Mpro) and papain-like protease (PLpro) are highlighted; from the human body, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2, transmembrane serine protease-2, and cathepsins (CatB/L) are pointed out. In addition, the influence of the virus on other enzymes is reported as the JAK/STAT pathway and the levels of lipase, enzymes from the cholesterol metabolism pathway, amylase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase are also be disturbed in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Finally, this paper discusses the importance of detailed enzymatic studies for future treatments against SARS-CoV-2, and how some issues related to the syndrome treatment can create opportunities in the biotechnological market of enzymes and the development of new drugs.}, }
@article {pmid35762235, year = {2022}, author = {Zhao, X and Liu, S and Yin, Y and Zhang, TT and Chen, Q}, title = {Airborne transmission of COVID-19 virus in enclosed spaces: An overview of research methods.}, journal = {Indoor air}, volume = {32}, number = {6}, pages = {e13056}, doi = {10.1111/ina.13056}, pmid = {35762235}, issn = {1600-0668}, support = {52108084//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2021K069A//Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds/ ; 2020M680886//China Postdoctoral Science Foundation/ ; }, abstract = {Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in December 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) has spread worldwide. This study summarized the transmission mechanisms of COVID-19 and their main influencing factors, such as airflow patterns, air temperature, relative humidity, and social distancing. The transmission characteristics in existing cases are providing more and more evidence that SARS CoV-2 can be transmitted through the air. This investigation reviewed probabilistic and deterministic research methods, such as the Wells-Riley equation, the dose-response model, the Monte-Carlo model, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with the Eulerian method, CFD with the Lagrangian method, and the experimental approach, that have been used for studying the airborne transmission mechanism. The Wells-Riley equation and dose-response model are typically used for the assessment of the average infection risk. Only in combination with the Eulerian method or the Lagrangian method can these two methods obtain the spatial distribution of airborne particles' concentration and infection risk. In contrast with the Eulerian and Lagrangian methods, the Monte-Carlo model is suitable for studying the infection risk when the behavior of individuals is highly random. Although researchers tend to use numerical methods to study the airborne transmission mechanism of COVID-19, an experimental approach could often provide stronger evidence to prove the possibility of airborne transmission than a simple numerical model. All in all, the reviewed methods are helpful in the study of the airborne transmission mechanism of COVID-19 and epidemic prevention and control.}, }
@article {pmid35762036, year = {2022}, author = {Amani, B and Zareei, S and Amani, B}, title = {Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis of Adverse Events Associated with Molnupiravir in Patients with COVID-19.}, journal = {British journal of clinical pharmacology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/bcp.15449}, pmid = {35762036}, issn = {1365-2125}, abstract = {AIM: To evaluate the safety profile of molnupiravir in COVID-19 patients METHODS: PubMed, Cochrane Library, medRxive, and Google Scholar were searched for articles published up to April 25, 2022. Meta-analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software.<br><br>RESULTS: Four trials involving 2241 patients met the inclusion criteria. No significant difference was observed between molnupiravir at 200, 400, and 800 mg compared with placebo (200 mg: risk ratio[RR] = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.78-1.20; P=0.80; 400 mg: RR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.64-1.02; P=0.07; 800 mg: RR = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.83-1.06; P=0.36) for any adverse events (AEs), at 200, 400, and 800 mg compared with placebo (200 mg: RR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.41-1.63; P=0.57; 400 mg: RR = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.41-1.61; P=0.56; 800 mg: RR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.59-1.08; P=0.15) for serious adverse events, at 200, 400, and 800 mg compared with placebo (200 mg: RR = 1.74; 95% CI: 0.48-6.30; P=0.39; 400 mg: RR = 1.07; 95% CI: 0.28-4.09; P=0.91; 800 mg: RR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.17-1.28; P=0.14) for AEs leading to death, and at 200, 400, and 800 mg compared with placebo (200 mg: RR = 1.50; 95% CI: 0.26-8.55; P=0.64; 400 mg: RR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.17-5.68; P=0.99; 800 mg: RR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.31-1.23; P=0.17) for treatment discontinuation due to AEs.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis showed that the use of three doses of molnupiravir (200, 400, and 800 mg) is safe for COVID-19 patients. Further research is needed to confirm the present findings.}, }
@article {pmid35761987, year = {2022}, author = {Marta, RA and Nakamura, GEK and de Matos Aquino, B and Bignardi, PR}, title = {COVID-19 Vaccines: Update of the vaccines in use and under development.}, journal = {Vacunas}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.vacun.2022.06.003}, pmid = {35761987}, issn = {1576-9887}, abstract = {The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a series of challenges on the scientific community. One of the biggest was the development of safe and effective vaccines in record time, which could be achieved through a global effort. A topic of great discussion has been the technology surrounding these vaccines: ranging from the well-known inactivated virus vaccines to the latest RNA vaccines. As vaccines became available, another point also came into question: their efficacy and effectiveness against the original Wuhan strain and its variants. Among the numerous variants, five of them (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and, more recently, Omicron) gained greater prominence due to their epidemiological relevance. In this scenario, with numerous variants and several vaccine options, scientific information can often be mismatched. This review aims to provide an overview of the efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of eleven vaccines in use or under development against the original Wuhan strain and the variants of concern identified by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Simultaneously, we aim to explore possible scenarios that can be expected shortly regarding new variants and vaccines. Overall, COVID-19 vaccines have satisfactory efficacy and loss of effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 variants, especially the Omicron strain.}, }
@article {pmid35761885, year = {2022}, author = {Shoemaker, ME and Huynh, LM and Smith, CM and Mustad, VA and Duarte, MO and Cramer, JT}, title = {Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamin D and Prevention of Respiratory Tract Infections and COVID-19.}, journal = {Topics in clinical nutrition}, volume = {37}, number = {3}, pages = {203-217}, doi = {10.1097/TIN.0000000000000284}, pmid = {35761885}, issn = {0883-5691}, abstract = {Little is known about potential protective factors for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), referred to as COVID-19. Suboptimal vitamin D status is a risk factor for immune dysfunction, respiratory tract infections (RTIs), and viral infections. Supplementation of vitamin D (2000-4000 IU) has decreased incidence and complications from RTIs, respiratory distress syndrome, and pneumonia and may be beneficial in high-risk populations. Given the possible link between low vitamin D status and RTIs, such as COVID-19, this review examined whether vitamin D supplementation can be supported as a nutritional strategy for reducing risk of infection, complications, and mortality from COVID-19 and found that the relationship between vitamin D and RTIs warrants further exploration.}, }
@article {pmid35761884, year = {2022}, author = {Detopoulou, P and Tsouma, C and Papamikos, V}, title = {COVID-19 and Nutrition: Summary of Official Recommendations.}, journal = {Topics in clinical nutrition}, volume = {37}, number = {3}, pages = {187-202}, doi = {10.1097/TIN.0000000000000286}, pmid = {35761884}, issn = {0883-5691}, abstract = {Medical nutrition therapy may have a key role in the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the spread of misinformation, the present review organizes and summarizes nutrition recommendations regarding COVID-19, serving as a reference guide for health professionals. Nineteen official recommendations were included of international, US, Asian, European, Canadian, and Australian origin on (i) lactation, (ii) nutrition during quarantine, (iii) nutrition in high-risk groups, (iv) nutrition for recovery at home, and (v) nutrition in hospital. Breastfeeding is encouraged, and the role of hydration and the adoption of a healthy diet during quarantine are emphasized. Older people and/or people with comorbidities should be checked for malnutrition and follow a healthy diet. For patients recovering at home, hydration, protein, and energy intake should be ensured. For hospitalized patients, early feeding with a priority on enteral route is recommended.}, }
@article {pmid35761858, year = {2022}, author = {Faruk, MO and Rahman, MS and Jannat, SN and Arafat, Y and Islam, K and Akhter, S}, title = {A review of the impact of environmental factors and pollutants on covid-19 transmission.}, journal = {Aerobiologia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-10}, doi = {10.1007/s10453-022-09748-5}, pmid = {35761858}, issn = {0393-5965}, abstract = {The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused an unprecedented loss of life with colossal social and economic fallout over 237 countries and territories worldwide. Environmental conditions played a significant role in spreading the virus. Despite the availability of literature, the consecutive waves of COVID-19 in all geographical conditions create the necessity of reviewing the impact of environmental factors on it. This study synthesized and reviewed the findings of 110 previously published articles on meteorological factors and COVID-19 transmission. This study aimed to identify the diversified impacts of meteorological factors on the spread of infection and suggests future research. Temperature, rainfall, air quality, sunshine, wind speed, air pollution, and humidity were found as investigated frequently. Correlation and regression analysis have been widely used in previous studies. Most of the literature showed that temperature and humidity have a favorable relationship with the spread of COVID-19. On the other hand, 20 articles stated no relationship with humidity, and nine were revealed the negative effect of temperature. The daily number of COVID-19 confirmed cases increased by 4.86% for every 1 °C increase in temperature. Sunlight was also found as a significant factor in 10 studies. Moreover, increasing COVID-19 incidence appeared to be associated with increased air pollution, particularly PM10, PM2.5, and O3 concentrations. Studies also indicated a negative relation between the air quality index and the COVID-19 cases. This review determined environmental variables' complex and contradictory effects on COVID-19 transmission. Hence it becomes essential to include environmental parameters into epidemiological models and controlled laboratory experiments to draw more precious results.}, }
@article {pmid35761544, year = {2022}, author = {Farias da Cruz, M and Baraúna Magno, M and Alves Jural, L and Pimentel, TC and Masterson Tavares Pereira Ferreira, D and Almeida Esmerino, E and Luis Paiva Anciens Ramos, G and Vicente Gomila, J and Cristina Silva, M and Cruz, AGD and da Silva Fidalgo, TK and Cople Maia, L}, title = {Probiotics and dairy products in dentistry: A bibliometric and critical review of randomized clinical trials.}, journal = {Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)}, volume = {157}, number = {}, pages = {111228}, doi = {10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111228}, pmid = {35761544}, issn = {1873-7145}, abstract = {The oral environment is an essential part of the human microbiome. The consumption of probiotic products may improve the oral microbiota and reduce the risk of diseases. This paper presents a bibliometric and critical review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that used probiotics to analyze oral parameters in humans. RCTs carried out with no age, gender, and ethnicity restrictions and published in the pre-COVID-19 period were included. Furthermore, the utilization of probiotic dairy products to improve oral health is discussed. The bibliometric review demonstrated that 'Microbiology,' 'Dental caries,' and 'Streptococcus mutants' were the most highlighted keywords. Furthermore, Sweden and India have the highest number of publications. The most prevalent outcomes were 'salivary parameters,' 'periodontal disease,' and 'dental caries.' The most used vehicles for probiotic administration were pharmaceutical formulas and dairy products. The administration of probiotic dairy products could modify the oral microbiota (reductions in S. mutans counts), influence the caries development and periodontal disease in children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly, and improve gingival health. The main probiotic dairy products investigated were milk, fermented milk, yogurt, kefir, curd, and cheese. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei SD1 was the most used probiotic culture. The studies demonstrated that the probiotic effect lasted 2-4 weeks after discontinuing consumption. However, the results depended on the subject type, study design, probiotic strain and concentration, and dairy product type. In conclusion, probiotic dairy products are promising alternatives to improve oral health.}, }
@article {pmid35761083, year = {2022}, author = {Qi, H and Liu, B and Wang, X and Zhang, L}, title = {The humoral response and antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 infection.}, journal = {Nature immunology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35761083}, issn = {1529-2916}, support = {31830023//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 81621002//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 9216920007//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; OPP1175849//Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation)/ ; 2020YFC0848800//Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology)/ ; 2020YFC08499//Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology)/ ; 2020YFC0861200//Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology)/ ; 2021YFC0864500//Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology)/ ; Z201100005420019//Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission/ ; }, abstract = {Two and a half years into the COVID-19 pandemic, we have gained many insights into the human antibody response to the causative SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this Review, we summarize key observations of humoral immune responses in people with COVID-19, discuss key features of infection- and vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies, and consider vaccine designs for inducing antibodies that are broadly protective against different variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.}, }
@article {pmid35760904, year = {2022}, author = {Kerner, G and Quintana-Murci, L}, title = {The genetic and evolutionary determinants of COVID-19 susceptibility.}, journal = {European journal of human genetics : EJHG}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35760904}, issn = {1476-5438}, abstract = {Devastating pandemics, such as that due to COVID-19, can provide strong testimony to our knowledge of the genetic and evolutionary determinants of infectious disease susceptibility and severity. One of the most remarkable aspects of such outbreaks is the stunning interindividual variability observed in the course of infection. In recent decades, enormous progress has been made in the field of the human genetics of infectious diseases, and an increasing number of human genetic factors have been reported to explain, to a great extent, the observed variability for a large number of infectious agents. However, our understanding of the cellular, molecular, and immunological mechanisms underlying such disparities between individuals and ethnic groups, remains very limited. Here, we discuss recent findings relating to human genetic predisposition to infectious disease, from an immunological or population genetic perspective, and show how these and other innovative approaches have been applied to deciphering the genetic basis of human susceptibility to COVID-19 and the severity of this disease. From an evolutionary perspective, we show how past demographic and selection events characterizing the history of our species, including admixture with archaic humans, such as Neanderthals, facilitated modern human adaptation to the threats imposed by ancient pathogens. In the context of emerging infectious diseases, these past episodes of genetic adaptation may contribute to some of the observed population differences in the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the severity of COVID-19 illness.}, }
@article {pmid35760647, year = {2022}, author = {Kumar, N and Acharya, A and Gendelman, HE and Byrareddy, SN}, title = {The 2022 outbreak and the pathobiology of the monkeypox virus.}, journal = {Journal of autoimmunity}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {102855}, doi = {10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102855}, pmid = {35760647}, issn = {1095-9157}, abstract = {Following two reports of monkeypox virus infection in individuals who returned from Nigeria to the USA, one who returned to Texas (July 2021) and the other to the Washington, DC area (November 2021), the number of monkeypox infection have dramatically increased. This sounded an alarm of potential for spreading of the virus throughout the USA. During 2022, there was a report of monkeypox virus infection (May 6, 2022) in a British national following a visit to Nigeria who developed readily recognizable signs and symptoms of monkeypox virus infection. Soon following this report, case numbers climbed. By June 10, 2022, more than 1,500 cases were reported in 43 countries, including Europe and North America. While the prevalence of the monkeypox virus is well known in central and western Africa, its presence in the developed world has raised disturbing signs for worldwide spread. While infection was reported during the past half-century, starting in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 1970, in the United States, only sporadic monkeypox cases have been reported. All cases have been linked to international travel or through African animal imports. The monkeypox virus is transmitted through contact with infected skin, body fluids, or respiratory droplets. The virus spreads from oral and nasopharyngeal fluid exchanges or by intradermal injection; then rapidly replicates at the inoculation site with spreads to adjacent lymph nodes. Monkeypox disease begins with constitutional symptoms that include fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, backache, and fatigue. Phylogenetically the virus has two clades. One clade emerged from West Africa and the other in the Congo Basin of Central Africa. During the most recent outbreak, the identity of the reservoir host or the primary carriage remains unknown. African rodents are the suspected intermediate hosts. At the same time, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) affirmed that there are no specific treatments for the 2022 monkeypox virus infection; existing antivirals shown to be effective against smallpox may slow monkeypox spread. A smallpox vaccine JYNNEOS (Imvamune or Imvanex) may also be used to prevent infection. The World Health Organization (WHO), has warned that the world could be facing a formidable infectious disease challenge in light of the current status of worldwide affairs. These affairs include the SARS-COVID-19 pandemic and the Ukraine-Russia war. In addition, the recent rise in case of numbers worldwide could continue to pose an international threat. With this in mind, strategies to mitigate the spread of monkeypox virus are warranted.}, }
@article {pmid35757408, year = {2022}, author = {Facondo, P and Maltese, V and Delbarba, A and Pirola, I and Rotondi, M and Ferlin, A and Cappelli, C}, title = {Case Report: Hypothalamic Amenorrhea Following COVID-19 Infection and Review of Literatures.}, journal = {Frontiers in endocrinology}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {840749}, doi = {10.3389/fendo.2022.840749}, pmid = {35757408}, issn = {1664-2392}, mesh = {Adult ; Amenorrhea/etiology ; *COVID-19/complications ; Female ; Humans ; *Hypogonadism/complications ; *Pituitary Diseases/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 infection, responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), can impair any organ system including endocrine glands. However, hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunctions following SARS-CoV-2 infection remain largely unexplored. We described a case of hypothalamic amenorrhea following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a 36-year-old healthy woman. The diagnostic workup excluded all the causes of secondary amenorrhea, in agreement to the current guidelines, whereas the gonadotropin increase in response to GnRH analogue tests was suggestive for hypothalamic impairment. Therefore, since our patient did not present any organic cause of hypothalamic-pituitary disorder, we hypothesized that her hypothalamic deficiency may have been a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This assumption, besides on the temporal consecutio, is strengthened by the fact that SARS-CoV-2 infection can impair the hypothalamic circuits, altering the endocrine axes, given that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors have also been observed in the hypothalamus. We reviewed the literature regarding hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. No study has previously described female hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with secondary amenorrhea following COVID-19. We suggest clinicians focusing greater attention on this possible endocrine disorder.}, }
@article {pmid35751559, year = {2022}, author = {Đorđević Betetto, L and Luzar, B and Pipan Tkalec, Ž and Ponorac, S}, title = {Cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis following COVID-19 vaccination with Ad26.COV2.S vaccine: a case report and literature review.}, journal = {Acta dermatovenerologica Alpina, Pannonica, et Adriatica}, volume = {31}, number = {2}, pages = {83-87}, pmid = {35751559}, issn = {1581-2979}, mesh = {Ad26COVS1 ; Adult ; *COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Humans ; Vaccination ; *Vaccines ; *Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous/etiology ; }, abstract = {Cutaneous vasculitis is a recognized and potentially serious adverse event of immunization with several vaccines, and COVID-19 vaccines are no exception. We present a case of cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis occurring 17 days after inoculation with adenoviral vector vaccine (Ad26.COV2.S) in a previously healthy 30-year-old patient with no history of prior adverse events following vaccination. Transient laboratory abnormalities (mild proteinuria, cryoglobulinemia, and slightly diminished C3 complement level) were also noted, but they resolved with the resolution of skin changes after treatment with topical steroids. Although the frequency of cutaneous vasculitis after COVID-19 vaccines is extremely low, it presents an important challenge for the clinician when faced with an uncertain and delicate decision whether these patients can safely receive booster doses of COVID-19 vaccine. Because vaccination certificates are necessary for day-to-day activities and have a limited validity date, this may be an uncomfortable issue.}, }
@article {pmid35751329, year = {2022}, author = {Khan, SH and Zaidi, SK and Gilani, M}, title = {PCR to CRISPR: Role of Nucleic Acid Tests (NAT) in detection of COVID-19.}, journal = {JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association}, volume = {72}, number = {6}, pages = {1166-1174}, doi = {10.47391/JPMA.2324}, pmid = {35751329}, issn = {0030-9982}, mesh = {*COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19 Testing ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats ; Humans ; *Nucleic Acids ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Uronic Acids ; }, abstract = {COVID-19 infection has emerged as an unparalleled pandemic with morbidity and mortality tolls challenging diagnostic approaches and therapeutic interventions, and raising serious questions for healthcare policy-makers. From the diagnostic perspective, Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction remains the gold standard. However, issues associated with gene primer variation in different countries, low analytical sensitivity, cross-reactivity with certain human coronaviruses have raised serious concerns within the scientific community. Alongside longer turnaround times, requirements of sophisticated equipment and trained technicians are the other challenges for conventional reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing. The recent biotechnological boom has now allowed newer nucleic acid testing options for diagnosing severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronovairus 2 (SARS-CoV2) with much better diagnostic efficiency, reduced turnaround times and possible benefit for use as a point-of-care test. Isothermal techniques with simple equipment requirements along with uniform temperature for analysis have emerged to be more sensitive and specific with turnaround times as low as 10-15 minutes. Similarly, Cluster Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats have also been seen to play a very decisive role in COVID-19 diagnostics with much superior diagnostic efficiency and feasibility as a point-of-care test and its possible use for sequencing. The current narrative review was planned to consolidate data for all possible nucleic acid testing options under research/clinical use, and to provide a comparative assessment from the perspective of both the clinician and the laboratory.}, }
@article {pmid35750448, year = {2022}, author = {La Rosa, G and de Aretxabala, X and Martin, T and Barreto, J and Aguilera, V and Wanner, M and Gonzalez, P and Suarez, G and Leiva, V and Herve, M}, title = {Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Pandemic: Chilean Air Force Experience in the Air Transport of Critically Ill Patients-The First 100 Cases.}, journal = {Air medical journal}, volume = {41}, number = {4}, pages = {396-401}, doi = {10.1016/j.amj.2021.12.007}, pmid = {35750448}, issn = {1532-6497}, mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology/therapy ; Chile/epidemiology ; Critical Illness ; Humans ; *Pandemics ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Critical care air transport has played an important role during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The goal of this article is to analyze results and lessons learned from the evacuation of the first 100 COVID-19 patients transported between medical facilities in Chile.<br><br>METHODS: We reviewed prospective data of patients who were referred for air transport between March 27, 2020, and July 9, 2020.<br><br>RESULTS: Of 115 referred patients, 100 were transported by air. All patients were intubated and mechanically ventilated. Hypertension, diabetes, and obesity were the most commonly observed comorbidities. Our service did not experience any major problems in patient care en route or among the crewmembers. We did not observe any severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections among our flight team members during the study period. Twelve (12%) patients died at their destination intensive care unit, whereas the remaining 88 patients (88%) returned to their primary hospitals after recovery.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Air transport of mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 infection has been shown to be a safe way of transport, with no in-flight deaths and an in-hospital mortality of 12%, which compares favorably with the in-hospital mortality of similar patients who did not undergo air transport.}, }
@article {pmid35750345, year = {2022}, author = {Hossain, SMM and Al-Dahir, S and Hilfi, RA and Majeed, Y and Rahi, A and Sabaratnam, V and Al-Mulla, T and Hossain, O and Aldahir, A and Norton, R and Lami, F}, title = {Evaluation of dedicated COVID-19 hospitals in the pandemic response in Iraq: pandemic preparation within a recovering healthcare infrastructure.}, journal = {BMJ global health}, volume = {7}, number = {Suppl 3}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1136/bmjgh-2022-008715}, pmid = {35750345}, issn = {2059-7908}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Delivery of Health Care ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Iraq ; *Pandemics ; }, abstract = {The purpose of this study is to evaluate Iraq's health facility preparedness for the surge of hospitalised cases associated with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In this article, we review pandemic preparedness at both general and tertiary hospitals throughout all districts of Iraq. COVID-19 pandemic preparedness, for the purpose of this review, is defined as: (1) staff to patient ratio, (2) personal protective equipment (PPE) to staff ratio, (3) infection control measures training and compliance and (4) laboratory and surveillance capacity. Despite the designation of facilities as COVID-19 referral hospitals, we did not find any increased preparedness with regard to staffing and PPE allocation. COVID-19 designated hospital reported an increased mean number of respiratory therapists as well as sufficient intensive care unit staff, but this did not reach significant levels. Non-COVID-19 facilities tended to have higher mean numbers of registered nurses, cleaning staff and laboratory staff, whereas the COVID-19 facilities were allocated additional N-95 masks (554.54 vs 147.76), gowns (226.72 vs 104.14) and boot coverings (170.48 vs 86.8) per 10 staff, but none of these differences were statistically significant. Though COVID-19 facilities were able to make increased requisitions for PPE supplies, all facility types reported unfulfilled requisitions, which is more likely a reflection of global storage rather than Iraq's preparedness for the pandemic. Incorporating future pandemic preparedness into health system strengthening efforts across facilities, including supplies, staffing and training acquisition, retention and training, are critical to Iraq's future success in mitigating the ongoing impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid35750344, year = {2022}, author = {Khalil, M and Mataria, A and Ravaghi, H}, title = {Building resilient hospitals in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {BMJ global health}, volume = {7}, number = {Suppl 3}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1136/bmjgh-2022-008754}, pmid = {35750344}, issn = {2059-7908}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Emergencies ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; Public Health ; }, abstract = {Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, hospitals in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) have faced significant challenges in providing essential services, while simultaneously combatting this pandemic and responding to new and ongoing shocks and emergencies. Despite these challenges, policy-makers and hospital managers adapted their hospital responses to maintain operations and continue providing essential health services in resource-restraint and fragile and conflict affected, offering valuable insights to others in similar contexts. The aim of this paper is to share the lessons learnt from hospital responses to COVID-19 from the EMR. To do this, we triangulated findings from literature review, open-ended online surveys and 46 in-depth key informant interviews from 18 EMR countries. Qualitative findings from semistructured key informant interviews along with the open-ended survey responses resulted in nine major themes for lessons learnt in the EMR. These themes include Preparedness, Leadership and Coordination, Communication, Human Resources, Supplies and Logistics, Surge Capacity and Essential Services, Clinical Management (including Rapid Identification, Diagnosis and Isolation), Infection Prevention and Control, and Information and Research. Each of the nine themes (domains) included 4-6 major subthemes offering key insights into the regional hospital response to health emergencies. Resilient hospitals are those that can provide holistic, adaptable, primary-care-based health systems to deliver high-quality, effective and people-centred health services and respond to future outbreaks. Both bottom-up and top-down approaches are needed to strengthen collaboration between policy-makers, hospitals, front-line workers and communities to mitigate the continued spread of SARS CoV2, build resilient hospital systems and improve public health preparedness and emergency response.}, }
@article {pmid35610124, year = {2022}, author = {Rohrig, A and Eyal, N}, title = {A new day for human challenge trials?.}, journal = {Trends in molecular medicine}, volume = {28}, number = {7}, pages = {531-532}, doi = {10.1016/j.molmed.2022.05.002}, pmid = {35610124}, issn = {1471-499X}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Two years into the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and following several hot debates, the world's first COVID-19 human challenge trial has recently been published by Killingley et al. We review its findings and explain why this particular juncture in time makes additional challenge trials for COVID-19 and for other diseases justified and important.}, }
@article {pmid35543127, year = {2022}, author = {Meaney, JFM and O'Donnell, JS and Bridgewood, C and Harbison, J and McGonagle, D}, title = {Perspective: The Case for Acute Large Vessel Ischemic Stroke in COVID-19 Originating Within Thrombosed Pulmonary Venules.}, journal = {Stroke}, volume = {53}, number = {7}, pages = {2411-2419}, doi = {10.1161/STROKEAHA.121.038056}, pmid = {35543127}, issn = {1524-4628}, abstract = {The main burden of SARS-CoV-2 falls on the lungs but neurological manifestations, the most disabling of which are strokes and which correlate with disease severity, are common. We proffer a novel mechanism for acute COVID-19 stroke whereby pulmonary vein clots developing within the characteristic pulmonary intravascular thrombotic lesions can embolize to the brain. Appreciation of this mechanism requires an understanding of the tricompartmental model of lung parenchyma oxygenation (the alveolus, the bronchial artery, and the pulmonary artery), all of which are compromised in COVID-19. Of these 3 sources, the bronchial artery plays a crucial role in COVID-19 stroke because the unique collaterals from bronchial artery to pulmonary vein which exist under normal physiological conditions (and which maintain venous patency when the pulmonary artery is blocked by embolus) are occluded, thus leading to venular thrombosis in the presence of hypercoagulability. Dislodgement of clots from this source translocates the pathology to the brain and is a disease mechanism, formerly rare, which may account for many cases of large vessel occlusion stroke in COVID-19. This mechanism extends the concept of cardioembolic stroke from endocardium retrogradely into the pulmonary circulation with which the left cardiac chambers lie in direct continuity, and which is an accepted stroke mechanism under other circumstances such as lung lobectomy, where surgical ligation of the pulmonary vein creates a blind sac from which thrombi can embolize. The proposed model is supported by postmortem studies which have demonstrated venular thrombosis and by case reports of pulmonary vein thrombosis in COVID-19. This concept provides a more plausible cause for COVID-19 associated large vessel occlusion stroke than other putative mechanisms, such as cerebral endotheliitis, cytokine storm, and hypercoagulopathy, although it is acknowledged that the latter mechanism contributes to the genesis of pulmonary vein clots. Recognizing that extrapulmonary manifestations including stroke arise within thrombosed pulmonary veins is key to understanding of neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection.}, }
@article {pmid35537447, year = {2022}, author = {Doenst, T and Schneider, U and Can, T and Caldonazo, T and Diab, M and Siemeni, T and Färber, G and Kirov, H}, title = {Cardiac Surgery 2021 Reviewed.}, journal = {The Thoracic and cardiovascular surgeon}, volume = {70}, number = {4}, pages = {278-288}, doi = {10.1055/s-0042-1744264}, pmid = {35537447}, issn = {1439-1902}, mesh = {Aged ; *Aortic Valve Stenosis/surgery ; *COVID-19 ; *Coronary Artery Disease/diagnostic imaging/surgery ; *Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial ; Humans ; *Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/adverse effects ; *Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement/adverse effects ; Treatment Outcome ; }, abstract = {PubMed displayed more than 35,000 hits for the search term "cardiac surgery AND 2021." We used the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) approach and selected relevant publications for a results-oriented summary. As in recent years, we reviewed the fields of coronary and conventional valve surgery and their overlap with their interventional alternatives. COVID reduced cardiac surgical activity around the world. In the coronary field, the FAME 3 trial dominated publications by practically repeating SYNTAX, but with modern stents and fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs). PCI was again unable to achieve non-inferiority compared with coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) in patients with triple-vessel disease. Survival advantages of CABG over PCI could be linked to a reduction in myocardial infarctions and current terminology was criticized because the term "myocardial revascularization" is not precise and does not reflect the infarct-preventing collateralization effect of CABG. In structural heart disease, new guidelines were published, providing upgrades of interventional treatments of both aortic and mitral valve disease. While for aortic stenosis, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) received a primary recommendation in older and high-risk patients; recommendations for transcatheter mitral edge-to-edge treatment were upgraded for patients considered inappropriate for surgery. For heart team discussions it is important to know that classic aortic valve replacement currently provides strong signals (from registry and randomized evidence) for a survival advantage over TAVI after 5 years. This article summarizes publications perceived as important by us. It can neither be complete nor free of individual interpretation, but provides up-to-date information for decision-making and patient information.}, }
@article {pmid35431114, year = {2022}, author = {deVries, CR}, title = {A global view of pediatric urology.}, journal = {Journal of pediatric urology}, volume = {18}, number = {3}, pages = {271-279}, doi = {10.1016/j.jpurol.2022.02.002}, pmid = {35431114}, issn = {1873-4898}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Child ; Ecosystem ; Global Health ; Humans ; *Specialties, Surgical/education ; *Urology ; Workforce ; }, abstract = {Over the course of approximately 60 years, the field of pediatric urology has evolved as a convergence of pediatric surgery, urology, and plastic surgery to address congenital anomalies of the urinary tract and genitalia in children. Guidelines for training and certification are narrowing in high-income countries (HICs) at the same time as the fertility rate is declining and the prevalence of complex genitourinary (GU) conditions is decreasing. In low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), health systems for large populations are currently in a state of stress. Here we briefly review the history of pediatric urology as a surgical subspecialty, identify unmet needs especially in LMICs and place the field in the context of a global surgical ecosystem.<br><br>METHODS: The English language literature on workforce trends in pediatric urology, pediatric surgery and urology was reviewed as well as development of the emerging field of global surgery. Global surgery looks at the social, economic and political context of health systems as well as unmet clinical need. World trends in fertility rates were reviewed to identify regions of workforce surplus and gaps, supply chain needs, infrastructure and systems strengths and weaknesses.<br><br>RESULTS: The proliferation of training programs in pediatric surgery and specialties in high-income countries (HICs) coupled with declining birth rates has led to a saturation of specialists and declining surgical case load. In LMICs, while the birth rate has also been declining, surgical specialization has not progressed. In the lowest income countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, training in pediatric surgical specialties and urology is rare. The broad workforce that supports surgical care, such as anesthesia, intensivist pediatrics, radiology, laboratory, and nursing face similar challenges. Supply chains for specialized pediatric urological surgery are weak.<br><br>CONCLUSION: There is an evolving maldistribution of pediatric surgical and pediatric urological workforce globally, with too few practitioners in LMICs and too many in HICs. The high cost of specialized equipment limits access to quality care, and the supply chain for consumables and medication is patchy. In LIC's, basic community-based infrastructure for health including reliable electricity is lacking. Recent experience with Covid and environmental disasters has highlighted that even in HICs surgical resilience can be challenged. This is an opportunity to consider the state of children's urological care globally and to build resilience by identifying and addressing strengths and gaps.}, }
@article {pmid35247311, year = {2022}, author = {Flor, LS and Friedman, J and Spencer, CN and Cagney, J and Arrieta, A and Herbert, ME and Stein, C and Mullany, EC and Hon, J and Patwardhan, V and Barber, RM and Collins, JK and Hay, SI and Lim, SS and Lozano, R and Mokdad, AH and Murray, CJL and Reiner, RC and Sorensen, RJD and Haakenstad, A and Pigott, DM and Gakidou, E}, title = {Quantifying the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on gender equality on health, social, and economic indicators: a comprehensive review of data from March, 2020, to September, 2021.}, journal = {Lancet (London, England)}, volume = {399}, number = {10344}, pages = {2381-2397}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00008-3}, pmid = {35247311}, issn = {1474-547X}, mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; Educational Status ; Employment ; Female ; Gender Equity ; Humans ; Male ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Gender is emerging as a significant factor in the social, economic, and health effects of COVID-19. However, most existing studies have focused on its direct impact on health. Here, we aimed to explore the indirect effects of COVID-19 on gender disparities globally.<br><br>METHODS: We reviewed publicly available datasets with information on indicators related to vaccine hesitancy and uptake, health care services, economic and work-related concerns, education, and safety at home and in the community. We used mixed effects regression, Gaussian process regression, and bootstrapping to synthesise all data sources. We accounted for uncertainty in the underlying data and modelling process. We then used mixed effects logistic regression to explore gender gaps globally and by region.<br><br>FINDINGS: Between March, 2020, and September, 2021, women were more likely to report employment loss (26·0% [95% uncertainty interval 23·8-28·8, by September, 2021) than men (20·4% [18·2-22·9], by September, 2021), as well as forgoing work to care for others (ratio of women to men: 1·8 by March, 2020, and 2·4 by September, 2021). Women and girls were 1·21 times (1·20-1·21) more likely than men and boys to report dropping out of school for reasons other than school closures. Women were also 1·23 (1·22-1·23) times more likely than men to report that gender-based violence had increased during the pandemic. By September 2021, women and men did not differ significantly in vaccine hesitancy or uptake.<br><br>INTERPRETATION: The most significant gender gaps identified in our study show intensified levels of pre-existing widespread inequalities between women and men during the COVID-19 pandemic. Political and social leaders should prioritise policies that enable and encourage women to participate in the labour force and continue their education, thereby equipping and enabling them with greater ability to overcome the barriers they face.<br><br>FUNDING: The Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation.}, }
@article {pmid35189111, year = {2022}, author = {Hall, CA and Jacobs, JP and Stammers, AH and St Louis, JD and Hayanga, JWA and Firstenberg, MS and Mongero, LB and Tesdahl, EA and Rajagopal, K and Cheema, FH and Patel, K and Coley, T and Sestokas, AK and Slepian, MJ and Badhwar, V}, title = {Multi-institutional Analysis of 505 Patients With Coronavirus Disease-2019 Supported With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Predictors of Survival.}, journal = {The Annals of thoracic surgery}, volume = {114}, number = {1}, pages = {61-68}, doi = {10.1016/j.athoracsur.2022.01.043}, pmid = {35189111}, issn = {1552-6259}, mesh = {Adult ; Bayes Theorem ; *COVID-19/therapy ; *Coronavirus ; *Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/adverse effects ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: We reviewed our experience with 505 patients with confirmed coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) at 45 hospitals and estimated risk factors for mortality.<br><br>METHODS: A multi-institutional database was created and used to assess all patients with COVID-19 who were supported with ECMO. A Bayesian mixed-effects logistic regression model was estimated to assess the effect on survival of multiple potential risk factors for mortality, including age at cannulation for ECMO as well as days between diagnosis of COVID-19 and intubation and days between intubation and cannulation for ECMO.<br><br>RESULTS: Median time on ECMO was 18 days (interquartile range, 10-29 days). All 505 patients separated from ECMO: 194 patients (38.4%) survived and 311 patients (61.6%) died. Survival with venovenous ECMO was 184 of 466 patients (39.5%), and survival with venoarterial ECMO was 8 of 30 patients (26.7%). Survivors had lower median age (44 vs 51 years, P < .001) and shorter median time interval from diagnosis to intubation (7 vs 11 days, P = .001). Adjusting for several confounding factors, we estimated that an ECMO patient intubated on day 14 after the diagnosis of COVID-19 vs day 4 had a relative odds of survival of 0.65 (95% credible interval, 0.44-0.96; posterior probability of negative effect, 98.5%). Age was also negatively associated with survival: relative to a 38-year-old patient, we estimated that a 57-year-old patient had a relative odds of survival of 0.43 (95% credible interval, 0.30-0.61; posterior probability of negative effect, >99.99%).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: ECMO facilitates salvage and survival of select critically ill patients with COVID-19. Survivors tend to be younger and have shorter time from diagnosis to intubation. Survival of patients supported with only venovenous ECMO was 39.5%.}, }
@article {pmid35092237, year = {2022}, author = {Schat, KA}, title = {Northeastern Conference on Avian Diseases from 1928-2021: 93 Years of Contributions to Organized Avian Medicine.}, journal = {Avian diseases}, volume = {66}, number = {1}, pages = {7-19}, doi = {10.1637/aviandiseases-21-00074}, pmid = {35092237}, issn = {1938-4351}, mesh = {Animals ; *Bird Diseases ; *COVID-19/veterinary ; Chickens ; Diarrhea/veterinary ; Humans ; Pandemics ; *Poultry Diseases/epidemiology ; Salmonella ; *Salmonella Infections, Animal/epidemiology ; *Salmonella enterica ; }, abstract = {Bacillary white diarrhea in chickens was a major disease concern for the poultry industry during the early 1900s. Drs. L. F. Rettger and W. R. Hinshaw organized a meeting in 1928 to discuss methods for controlling this disease. In this meeting, representatives of five northeastern states discussed approaches to test for the presence of the etiological agent of bacillary white diarrhea, namely, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Pullorum. Meeting attendees decided to have a yearly meeting of the Northeastern Conference of Laboratory Workers in Bacillary White Diarrhea. The next year, the name was changed to Conference of Laboratory Workers in Pullorum Disease Eradication, which was changed to Northeastern Conference on Avian Diseases (NECAD) in 1957. Not only has NECAD been important for the control of pullorum disease but also, starting with the fifth Annual Conference in 1932, other poultry diseases became an official part of the program. As such, NECAD served for a long time as the premier organization to present new information on avian diseases. The success of NECAD was based on the work of the many committees, which are described in detail in this review. For example, the antigen committee started officially in 1929 and remained active until at least 1987. The main task of this committee was to evaluate Salmonella Pullorum strains to be used by all participants in the pullorum antibody testing programs. NECAD started as a closed organization with participants from universities and government organizations but did not allow representatives from commercial groups until 1968 when all American Association of Avian Pathologists (AAAP) members in the Northeastern United States could participate. The journal Avian Diseases started with discussions by Dr. P. P. Levine with M. S. Cover, H. L. Chute, R. F. Gentry, E. Jungherr, and H. Van Roekel about the idea that NECAD would sponsor a journal dealing specifically with avian diseases. During the first few years of Avian Diseases publication, many articles including abstracts came from the NECAD Annual Conferences. The importance of NECAD as a precursor for other regional meetings and the AAAP and as a forum for graduate students to present their research are described. Several recipients of the award for the best paper presented by a graduate student have continued to work in avian disease research. The decline in the participation of scientists in the late 1990s and early 2000s was discussed extensively in 2006 and led to a merger of the NECAD meeting with the Pennsylvania Poultry Sales and Service Conference. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 92nd Annual Conference was a virtual meeting in 2020. Fortunately, the 93rd Annual Conference in 2021 was an in-person meeting held in State College, PA.}, }
@article {pmid35760475, year = {2022}, author = {Gupta, M and Ish, P and Malhotra, N}, title = {Recent updates in diagnosis and management of drug-resistant tuberculosis in India: A paradigm shift and the way ahead during the COVID-19 crisis.}, journal = {The Indian journal of tuberculosis}, volume = {69}, number = {3}, pages = {264-267}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijtb.2021.08.013}, pmid = {35760475}, issn = {0019-5707}, abstract = {The recent guidelines on the Programmatic Management of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) in India (PMDT) have been released in March 2021 on World TB Day. The new guidelines have considered emerging diagnostic trends including TrueNat, Xpert Mtb/XDR, Next generation sequencing and evaluation for resistance to newer drugs including Bedaquiline (Bdq) and Delamanid. The emerging therapeutic trends include focus on oral shorter Bdq based regimen with phasing out injectables use. The replacement sequence of drugs for DR-TB have also been updated. Updated definitions for pre-XDR, XDR, culture conversion and default have also been added. These guidelines are a paradigm shift which will make treating DR-TB easier and more efficient especially during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic crisis.}, }
@article {pmid35760438, year = {2022}, author = {Tan, YR and Agrawal, A and Matsoso, MP and Katz, R and Davis, SLM and Winkler, AS and Huber, A and Joshi, A and El-Mohandes, A and Mellado, B and Mubaira, CA and Canlas, FC and Asiki, G and Khosa, H and Lazarus, JV and Choisy, M and Recamonde-Mendoza, M and Keiser, O and Okwen, P and English, R and Stinckwich, S and Kiwuwa-Muyingo, S and Kutadza, T and Sethi, T and Mathaha, T and Nguyen, VK and Gill, A and Yap, P}, title = {A call for citizen science in pandemic preparedness and response: beyond data collection.}, journal = {BMJ global health}, volume = {7}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009389}, pmid = {35760438}, issn = {2059-7908}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has underlined the need to partner with the community in pandemic preparedness and response in order to enable trust-building among stakeholders, which is key in pandemic management. Citizen science, defined here as a practice of public participation and collaboration in all aspects of scientific research to increase knowledge and build trust with governments and researchers, is a crucial approach to promoting community engagement. By harnessing the potential of digitally enabled citizen science, one could translate data into accessible, comprehensible and actionable outputs at the population level. The application of citizen science in health has grown over the years, but most of these approaches remain at the level of participatory data collection. This narrative review examines citizen science approaches in participatory data generation, modelling and visualisation, and calls for truly participatory and co-creation approaches across all domains of pandemic preparedness and response. Further research is needed to identify approaches that optimally generate short-term and long-term value for communities participating in population health. Feasible, sustainable and contextualised citizen science approaches that meaningfully engage affected communities for the long-term will need to be inclusive of all populations and their cultures, comprehensive of all domains, digitally enabled and viewed as a key component to allow trust-building among the stakeholders. The impact of COVID-19 on people's lives has created an opportune time to advance people's agency in science, particularly in pandemic preparedness and response.}, }
@article {pmid35760388, year = {2022}, author = {Pavlova, MA and Sokolov, AA}, title = {Reading language of the eyes.}, journal = {Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {104755}, doi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104755}, pmid = {35760388}, issn = {1873-7528}, abstract = {The need for assessment of social skills in clinical and neurotypical populations has led to the widespread, and still increasing use of the 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test' (RMET) developed more than two decades ago by Simon Baron-Cohen and colleagues for evaluation of social cognition in autism. By analyzing most recent clinical and brain imaging data, we illuminate a set of factors decisive for using the RMET. Converging evidence indicates: (i) In neurotypical individuals, RMET scores are tightly correlated with other social skills (empathy, emotional intelligence, and body language reading); (ii) The RMET assesses recognition of facial affect, but also heavily relies on receptive language skills, semantic knowledge, and memory; (iii) RMET performance is underwritten by the large-scale ensembles of neural networks well-outside the social brain; (iv) The RMET is limited in its capacity to differentiate between neuropsychiatric conditions as well as between stages and severity of a single disorder, though it reliably distinguishes individuals with altered social cognition or elevated pathological traits from neurotypical persons; (v) Merely gender (as a social construct) rather than neurobiological sex influences performance on the RMET; (vi) RMET scores do not substantially decline in healthy aging, and they are higher with higher education level, cognitive abilities, literacy, and mental well-being; (vii) Accuracy on the RMET, and engagement of the social brain, are greater when emotions are expressed and recognized by individuals with similar cultural/ethnic background. Further research is required to better inform usage of the RMET as a tool for swift and reliable examination of social cognition. In light of comparable visual input from the RMET images and faces covered by masks due to COVID-19 regulations, the analysis is of value for keeping efficient social interaction during the current pandemic, in particular, in professional settings related to social communication.}, }
@article {pmid35760382, year = {2022}, author = {Dos Santos, PG and Vieira, HCVS and Wietholter, V and Gallina, JP and Andrade, TR and Marinowic, DR and Zanirati, GG and da Costa, JC}, title = {When to test for COVID-19 using RT-PCR: a systematic review.}, journal = {International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijid.2022.06.037}, pmid = {35760382}, issn = {1878-3511}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the time in days between symptom onset and first positive RT-PCR result for COVID-19.<br><br>METHODS: This systematic review was conducted in the MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, and Scopus databases using the following descriptors: "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", "coronavirus", "RT-PCR", "real time PCR" and "diagnosis".<br><br>RESULTS: The included studies were conducted in 31 different countries and reported on a total of 6831 patients. The median age of the participants was 49.95 years. The three most common symptoms were fever, cough, and dyspnea, which affected 4012 (58.68%), 3192 (46.69%), and 2009 patients (29.38%), respectively. Among the 90 included studies, 13 were prospective cohorts, 15 were retrospective cohorts, 36 were case reports, 20 were case series, and 6 were cross-sectional studies. The overall mean time between symptom onset and positive test results was 6.72 days. Fourteen articles were analyzed separately for the temporal profile of RT-PCR tests, and the best performance was on days 22-24, when 98% of tests resulted positive.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These findings corroborate the RT-PCR COVID-19 testing practices of some health units. In addition, the most frequently described symptoms of these patients can be considered the initial symptoms of infection and used in decision-making about RT-PCR testing.}, }
@article {pmid35760050, year = {2022}, author = {Abdulgader, SM and Okunola, AO and Ndlangalavu, G and Reeve, BWP and Allwood, BW and Koegelenberg, CFN and Warren, RM and Theron, G}, title = {Diagnosing Tuberculosis: What Do New Technologies Allow Us to (Not) Do?.}, journal = {Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-17}, doi = {10.1159/000525142}, pmid = {35760050}, issn = {1423-0356}, abstract = {New tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics are at a crossroads: their development, evaluation, and implementation is severely damaged by resource diversion due to COVID-19. Yet several technologies, especially those with potential for non-invasive non-sputum-based testing, hold promise for efficiently triaging and rapidly confirming TB near point-of-care. Such tests are, however, progressing through the pipeline slowly and will take years to reach patients and health workers. Compellingly, such tests will create new opportunities for difficult-to-diagnose populations, including primary care attendees (all-comers in high burden settings irrespective of reason for presentation) and community members (with early stage disease or risk factors like HIV), many of whom cannot easily produce sputum. Critically, all upcoming technologies have limitations that implementers and health workers need to be cognizant of to ensure optimal deployment without undermining confidence in a technology that still offers improvements over the status quo. In this state-of-the-art review, we critically appraise such technologies for active pulmonary TB diagnosis. We highlight strengths, limitations, outstanding research questions, and how current and future tests could be used in the presence of these limitations and uncertainties. Among triage tests, CRP (for which commercial near point-of-care devices exist) and computer-aided detection software with digital chest X-ray hold promise, together with late-stage blood-based assays that detect host and/or microbial biomarkers; however, aside from a handful of prototypes, the latter category has a shortage of promising late-stage alternatives. Furthermore, positive results from new triage tests may have utility in people without TB; however, their utility for informing diagnostic pathways for other diseases is under-researched (most sick people tested for TB do not have TB). For confirmatory tests, few true point-of-care options will be available soon; however, combining novel approaches like tongue swabs with established tests like Ultra have short-term promise but first require optimizations to specimen collection and processing procedures. Concerningly, no technologies yet have compelling evidence of meeting the World Health Organization optimal target product profile performance criteria, especially for important operational criteria crucial for field deployment. This is alarming as the target product profile criteria are themselves almost a decade old and require urgent revision, especially to cater for technologies made prominent by the COVID-19 diagnostic response (e.g., at-home testing and connectivity solutions). Throughout the review, we underscore the importance of how target populations and settings affect test performance and how the criteria by which these tests should be judged vary by use case, including in active case finding. Lastly, we advocate for health workers and researchers to themselves be vocal proponents of the uptake of both new tests and those - already available tests that remain suboptimally utilized.}, }
@article {pmid35759856, year = {2022}, author = {Sobhani, N and Scaggiante, B and Morris, R and Chai, D and Catalano, M and Tardiel-Cyril, DR and Neeli, P and Roviello, G and Mondani, G and Li, Y}, title = {Therapeutic cancer vaccines: From biological mechanisms and engineering to ongoing clinical trials.}, journal = {Cancer treatment reviews}, volume = {109}, number = {}, pages = {102429}, doi = {10.1016/j.ctrv.2022.102429}, pmid = {35759856}, issn = {1532-1967}, abstract = {Therapeutic vaccines are currently at the forefront of medical innovation. Various endeavors have been made to develop more consolidated approaches to producing nucleic acid-based vaccines, both DNA and mRNA vaccines. These innovations have continued to propel therapeutic platforms forward, especially for mRNA vaccines, after the successes that drove emergency FDA approval of two mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. These vaccines use modified mRNAs and lipid nanoparticles to improve stability, antigen translation, and delivery by evading innate immune activation. Simple alterations of mRNA structure- such as non-replicating, modified, or self-amplifying mRNAs- can provide flexibility for future vaccine development. For protein vaccines, the use of long synthetic peptides of tumor antigens instead of short peptides has further enhanced antigen delivery success and peptide stability. Efforts to identify and target neoantigens instead of antigens shared between tumor cells and normal cells have also improved protein-based vaccines. Other approaches use inactivated patient-derived tumor cells to elicit immune responses, or purified tumor antigens are given to patient-derived dendritic cells that are activated in vitro prior to reinjection. This review will discuss recent developments in therapeutic cancer vaccines such as, mode of action and engineering new types of anticancer vaccines, in order to summarize the latest preclinical and clinical data for further discussion of ongoing clinical endeavors in the field.}, }
@article {pmid35759643, year = {2022}, author = {Cortés-Ginez, MDC and Baiza-Gutman, LA and Manuel-Apolinar, L and Cruz-López, M and Ibáñez-Hernández, MÁ and Díaz-Flores, M}, title = {[Activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress sensors by metabolic disease-associated diets and COVID-19].}, journal = {Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social}, volume = {60}, number = {2}, pages = {211-223}, pmid = {35759643}, issn = {2448-5667}, abstract = {The endoplasmic reticulum is an abundant, dynamic and energy-sensing organelle. Its abundant membranes, rough and smooth, are distributed in different proportions depending on the cell lineage and requirement. Its function is to carry out protein and lipid synthesis, and it is the main intracellular Ca2+ store. Caloric overload and glycolipotoxicity generated by hypercaloric diets cause alteration of the endoplasmic reticulum, activating the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) as a reaction to cellular stress related to the endoplasmic reticulum and whose objective is to restore the homeostasis of the organelle by decreasing oxidative stress, protein synthesis and Ca2+ leakage. However, during chronic stress, the UPR induces reactive oxygen species formation, inflammation and apoptosis, exacerbating the state of the endoplasmic reticulum and propagating a deleterious effect on the other organelles. This is why endoplasmic reticulum stress has been considered an inducer of the onset and development of metabolic diseases, including the aggravation of COVID-19. So far, few strategies exist to reestablish endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, which are targeted to sensors that trigger UPR. Therefore, the identification of new mechanisms and novel therapies related to mitigating the impact of endoplasmic reticulum stress and associated complications is urgently warranted.}, }
@article {pmid35759424, year = {2022}, author = {Cong, Y and Endo, T}, title = {Multi-Omics and Artificial Intelligence-Guided Drug Repositioning: Prospects, Challenges, and Lessons Learned from COVID-19.}, journal = {Omics : a journal of integrative biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1089/omi.2022.0068}, pmid = {35759424}, issn = {1557-8100}, abstract = {Drug repurposing is of interest for therapeutics innovation in many human diseases including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methodological innovations in drug repurposing are currently being empowered by convergence of omics systems science and digital transformation of life sciences. This expert review article offers a systematic summary of the application of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning (ML), to drug repurposing and classifies and introduces the common clustering, dimensionality reduction, and other methods. We highlight, as a present-day high-profile example, the involvement of AI/ML-based drug discovery in the COVID-19 pandemic and discuss the collection and sharing of diverse data types, and the possible futures awaiting drug repurposing in an era of AI/ML and digital technologies. The article provides new insights on convergence of multi-omics and AI-based drug repurposing. We conclude with reflections on the various pathways to expedite innovation in drug development through drug repurposing for prompt responses to the current COVID-19 pandemic and future ecological crises in the 21st century.}, }
@article {pmid35759185, year = {2022}, author = {Valeriani, E and Porfidia, A and Ageno, W and Spoto, S and Pola, R and Di Nisio, M}, title = {High-dose versus low-dose venous thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Internal and emergency medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35759185}, issn = {1970-9366}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hospitalized COVID-19 patients are at high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Standard doses of anticoagulant prophylaxis may not be sufficiently effective for the prevention of VTE. The objective of this systematic-review and meta-analysis was to compare the efficacy and safety of high-dose versus low-dose thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.<br><br>MATERIAL AND METHODS: MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched up to October 2021 for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing high-dose with low-dose thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19. The primary efficacy outcome was the occurrence of VTE and the primary safety outcome was major bleeding.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 5470 patients from 9 RCTs were included. Four trials included critically ill patients, four non-critically ill patients, and one included both. VTE occurred in 2.9% of patients on high-dose and in 5.7% of patients on low-dose thromboprophylaxis (relative risk [RR] 0.53; 95% confidence intervals [CIs], 0.41-0.69; I2 = 0%; number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome, 22). Major bleeding occurred in 2.5% and 1.4% of patients, respectively (RR 1.78; 95% CI, 1.20-2.66; I2 = 0%; number needed to treat for an additional harmful outcome, 100). All-cause mortality did not differ between groups (RR 0.97; 95% CI, 0.75-1.26; I2 = 47%). The risk of VTE was significantly reduced by high-dose thromboprophylaxis in non-critically ill (RR 0.54; 95% CI, 0.35-0.86; I2 = 0%), but not in critically ill patients (RR 0.69; 95% CI, 0.39-1.21; I2 = 36%).<br><br>DISCUSSION: In hospitalized patients with COVID-19, high-dose thromboprophylaxis is more effective than low-dose for the prevention of VTE but increases the risk of major bleeding.}, }
@article {pmid35758523, year = {2022}, author = {Cimolai, N}, title = {Disinfection and Decontamination in the Context of SARS-CoV-2 Specific Data.}, journal = {Journal of medical virology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/jmv.27959}, pmid = {35758523}, issn = {1096-9071}, abstract = {Given the high transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 as witnessed early in the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns arose with the existing methods for virus disinfection and decontamination. The need for SARS-CoV-2-specific data stimulated considerable research in this regard. Overall, SARS-CoV-2 is practically and equally susceptible to approaches for disinfection and decontamination that have been previously found for other human or animal coronaviruses. The latter have included techniques utilizing temperature modulation, pH extremes, irradiation, and chemical treatments. These physicochemical methods are a necessary adjunct to other prevention strategies given the environmental and patient surface ubiquity of virus. Classic studies of disinfection have also allowed for extrapolation to the eradication of virus on human mucosal surfaces with some chemical means. Despite considerable laboratory study, practical field assessments are generally lacking and need to be encouraged in order to confirm the correlation of interventions with viral eradication and infection prevention. Transparency in the constitution and use of any method or chemical is also essential to furthering practical applications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid35757770, year = {2022}, author = {Rovito, R and Augello, M and Ben-Haim, A and Bono, V and d'Arminio Monforte, A and Marchetti, G}, title = {Hallmarks of Severe COVID-19 Pathogenesis: A Pas de Deux Between Viral and Host Factors.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {912336}, doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.912336}, pmid = {35757770}, issn = {1664-3224}, abstract = {Two years into Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a comprehensive characterization of the pathogenesis of severe and critical forms of COVID-19 is still missing. While a deep dysregulation of both the magnitude and functionality of innate and adaptive immune responses have been described in severe COVID-19, the mechanisms underlying such dysregulations are still a matter of scientific debate, in turn hampering the identification of new therapies and of subgroups of patients that would most benefit from individual clinical interventions. Here we review the current understanding of viral and host factors that contribute to immune dysregulation associated with COVID-19 severity in the attempt to unfold and broaden the comprehension of COVID-19 pathogenesis and to define correlates of protection to further inform strategies of targeted therapeutic interventions.}, }
@article {pmid35757734, year = {2022}, author = {Ventura-Santana, E and Ninan, JR and Snyder, CM and Okeke, EB}, title = {Neutrophil Extracellular Traps, Sepsis and COVID-19 - A Tripod Stand.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {902206}, doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.902206}, pmid = {35757734}, issn = {1664-3224}, abstract = {The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Majority of COVID-19 patients have mild disease but about 20% of COVID-19 patients progress to severe disease. These patients end up in the intensive care unit (ICU) with clinical manifestations of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and sepsis. The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has also been associated with severe COVID-19. Understanding of the immunopathology of COVID-19 is critical for the development of effective therapeutics. In this article, we discuss evidence indicating that severe COVID-19 has clinical presentations consistent with the definitions of viral sepsis. We highlight the role of neutrophils and NETs formation in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19. Finally, we highlight the potential of therapies inhibiting NETs formation for the treatment of COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid35757629, year = {2022}, author = {Dai, Z and Xu, S and Wu, X and Hu, R and Li, H and He, H and Hu, J and Liao, X}, title = {Knowledge Mapping of Multicriteria Decision Analysis in Healthcare: A Bibliometric Analysis.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {895552}, doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2022.895552}, pmid = {35757629}, issn = {2296-2565}, abstract = {Objective: Multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) is a useful tool in complex decision-making situations, and has been used in medical fields to evaluate treatment options and drug selection. This study aims to provide valuable insights into MCDA in healthcare through examining the research focus of existing studies, major fields, major applications, most productive authors and countries, and most common journals in the domain.<br><br>Methods: A bibliometric analysis was conducted on the publication related to MCDA in healthcare from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database on 14 July 2021. Three bibliometric software (VOSviewer, R-bibliometrix, and CiteSpace) were used to conduct the analysis including years, countries, institutes, authors, journals, co-citation references, and keywords.<br><br>Results: A total of 410 publications were identified with an average yearly growth rate of 32% (1999-2021), from 196 academic journals with 23,637 co-citation references by 871 institutions from 70 countries/regions. The United States was the most productive country (n = 80). Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (n = 16), Université de Montréal (n = 13), and Syreon Research Institute (n = 12) were the top productive institutions. A A Zaidan, Mireille Goetghebeur and Zoltan Kalo were the biggest nodes in every cluster of authors' networks. The top journals in terms of the number of articles (n = 17) and citations (n = 1,673) were Value in Health and Journal of Medical Systems, respectively. The extant literature has focused on four aspects, including the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), decision-making, health technology assessment, and healthcare waste management. COVID-19 and fuzzy TOPSIS received careful attention from MCDA applications recently. MCDA in big data, telemedicine, TOPSIS, and fuzzy AHP is well-developed and an important theme, which may be the trend in future research.<br><br>Conclusion: This study uncovers a holistic picture of the performance of MCDA-related literature published in healthcare. MCDA has a broad application on different topics and would be helpful for practitioners, researchers, and decision-makers working in healthcare to advance the wheel of medical complex decision-making. It can be argued that the door is still open for improving the role of MCDA in healthcare, whether in its methodology (e.g., fuzzy TOPSIS) or application (e.g., telemedicine).}, }
@article {pmid35757617, year = {2022}, author = {Briceno Noriega, D and Savelkoul, HFJ}, title = {Vitamin D: A Potential Mitigation Tool for the Endemic Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic?.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {888168}, doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2022.888168}, pmid = {35757617}, issn = {2296-2565}, abstract = {The impact of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic and associated development of clinical symptoms of COVID-19 have presented an enormous global impact on our health care systems, public health and economy. To date several observational epidemiological studies consistently found that vitamin D deficiency, measured as low levels of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D, is associated with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, certain cancers, autoimmune diseases and many infectious diseases, including acute respiratory infections. Since vitamin D is not merely immunosuppressive but also acts as an immunomodulator in tolerance and homeostasis, many experts have considered a role of vitamin D in the prevalence and severity of immune mediated inflammatory diseases, such as SARS-CoV-2, adding to the evidence of the importance of vitamin D in the immune response against viral respiratory infections and reinforcing the need for targeted vitamin D supplementation, with a focus on high-risk populations and a high-dose supplementation treatment for COVID-19 hospitalized patients. The expected transition to endemicity of SARS-CoV-2 even further corroborates as a potential of vitamin D as an potential mitigation tool for the prevention of COVID-19. The aim of this paper is to analyse the current evidence regarding vitamin D and present a hypothesis of its potential role in the current COVID-19 pandemic and in the future as a potential preventive measurement in public health.}, }
@article {pmid35757444, year = {2022}, author = {Sorsa, T and Nwhator, SO and Sakellari, D and Grigoriadis, A and Umeizudike, KA and Brandt, E and Keskin, M and Tervahartiala, T and Pärnänen, P and Gupta, S and Mohindra, R and Bostanci, N and Buduneli, N and Räisänen, IT}, title = {aMMP-8 Oral Fluid PoC Test in Relation to Oral and Systemic Diseases.}, journal = {Frontiers in oral health}, volume = {3}, number = {}, pages = {897115}, doi = {10.3389/froh.2022.897115}, pmid = {35757444}, issn = {2673-4842}, abstract = {The manuscript uses the previously published literature and highlights the benefits of active-matrix metalloproteinase (aMMP)-8 chairside/point-of-care (PoC) diagnostic tools as adjunctive measures in oral and systemic diseases. Previous studies suggest that as a biomarker, aMMP-8 is more precise than total MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-13, MMP-7, MMP-1, calprotectin, myeloperoxidase (MPO), human neutrophil elastase (HNE), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, and bleeding of probing (BOP). Therefore, aMMP-8 could be implemented as the needed key biomarker for the new disease classification for both periodontitis and peri-implantitis. With a sensitivity to the tune of 75-85% and specificity in the range of 80-90%, lateral flow aMMP-8 PoC testing is comparable to catalytic protease activity assays for aMMP-8. The test can be further applied to estimate the glycemic status of an individual, to ascertain whether a person is at risk for COVID-19, in managing the oral side effects of radiotherapy carried in head and neck cancers, and in selected cases pertaining to reproductive health. In the future, aMMP-8 could find application as a potential systemic biomarker in diseases affecting the cardiovascular system, cancers, bacteremia, sepsis, diabetes, obesity, meningitis, as well as pancreatitis. The aMMP-8 PoCT is the first practical test in the emerging new dental clinical field, that is, oral clinical chemistry representing oral medicine, clinical chemistry, peri-implantology, and periodontology.}, }
@article {pmid35756908, year = {2022}, author = {Tidmarsh, LV and Harrison, R and Ravindran, D and Matthews, SL and Finlay, KA}, title = {The Influence of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Pain Management: Mechanisms, Processes, and Trauma-Informed Care.}, journal = {Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)}, volume = {3}, number = {}, pages = {923866}, doi = {10.3389/fpain.2022.923866}, pmid = {35756908}, issn = {2673-561X}, abstract = {Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increase the likelihood of reduced physical and psychological health in adulthood. Though understanding and psychological management of traumatic experiences is growing, the empirical exploration of ACEs and physical clinical outcomes remains under-represented and under-explored. This topical review aimed to highlight the role of ACEs in the experience of chronic pain, pain management services and clinical decision making by: (1) providing an overview of the relationship between ACEs and chronic pain; (2) identifying biopsychosocial mechanisms through which ACEs may increase risk of persistent pain; (3) highlighting the impact of ACEs on patient adherence and completion of pain management treatment; and (4) providing practical clinical implications for pain management. Review findings demonstrated that in chronic pain, ACEs are associated with increased pain complications, pain catastrophizing and depression and the combination of these factors further heightens the risk of early treatment attrition. The pervasive detrimental impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on ACEs and their cyclical effects on pain are discussed in the context of psychological decline during long treatment waitlists. The review highlights how people with pain can be further supported in pain services by maintaining trauma-informed practices and acknowledging the impact of ACEs on chronic pain and detrimental health outcomes. Clinicians who are ACE-informed have the potential to minimize the negative influence of ACEs on treatment outcomes, ultimately optimizing the impact of pain management services.}, }
@article {pmid35756710, year = {2022}, author = {Dang, M and Song, J}, title = {A review of the effects of ATP and hydroxychloroquine on the phase separation of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein.}, journal = {Biophysical reviews}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-7}, doi = {10.1007/s12551-022-00957-3}, pmid = {35756710}, issn = {1867-2450}, abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 is the coronavirus causing the ongoing pandemic with > 460 millions of infections and > 6 millions of deaths. SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) is the only structural protein which plays essential roles in almost all key steps of the viral life cycle with its diverse functions depending on liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) driven by interacting with various nucleic acids. The 419-residue N protein is highly conserved in all variants including delta and omicron, and composed of both folded N-/C-terminal domains (NTD/CTD) as well as three long intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). Recent results have suggested that its CTD and IDRs are also cryptic nucleic acid-binding domains. In this context, any small molecules capable of interfering in its interaction with nucleic acids are anticipated to modulate its LLPS and associated functions. Indeed, ATP, the energy currency existing at very high concentrations (2-12 mM) in all living cells but absent in viruses, modulates LLPS of N protein, and consequently appears to be evolutionarily hijacked by SARS-CoV-2 to promote its life cycle. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been also shown to specifically bind NTD and CTD to inhibit their interactions with nucleic acids, as well as to disrupt LLPS. Particularly, the unique structure of the HCQ-CTD complex offers a promising strategy for further design of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs with better affinity and specificity. The finding may indicate that LLPS is indeed druggable by small molecules, thus opening up a promising direction for drug discovery/design by targeting LLPS in general.}, }
@article {pmid35756396, year = {2022}, author = {Bhuiyan, AA and Brahmachari, S and Ripa, IJ and Noor, R}, title = {Overview of dreadful consequences of SARS-CoV-2 invasion in Italy from March 2020 to March 2022.}, journal = {Bulletin of the National Research Centre}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {176}, doi = {10.1186/s42269-022-00867-0}, pmid = {35756396}, issn = {2522-8307}, abstract = {Background: The unpredicted pandemic disease COVID-19 first flared up adversely in Europe by imparting interminable force of infected and fatality cases to Italy. In late February 2020, the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in northern Italy and swiftly proliferated to the entire country, albeit continuous to date (23 March 2022) with a lesser extent of deadliness. Current review focused on the invasions and the associated consequences by SARS-CoV-2 during the period of March 2020-March 2022.<br><br>Main body of the abstract: Initially, the lethality and transmissibility of the novel virus made Italy stunned within 1 month, the number of death cases reached 12,428 at the end of March 2020. The Italian Government announced an immediate emergency phase in entire country, educational institutions to local businesses, manufacturing works, cultural activities to elective activities were rescinded and all the hospitals to morgues were swamped, ensuing that fear of epidemic was impended. Besides, the Italian National Health System and Service coordinated massive public health interventions and conferred unprecedented efforts to limit the high mortality rate of the first wave of infection. Amidst 2 years of epidemic (as of 23 March 2022), Italy has documented 14,070,450 (23.74% of the population) confirmed infected cases, 12,685,306 (21.41% of the population) healed cases, 158,254 death cases (0.27% of the population) and ranking 9th worldwide in the number of deaths.<br><br>Short conclusion: Based on publicly available Italian Ministry of Health COVID-19 data, current review has comprehended region-wise total infected cases, death cases and healed cases for three consecutive years 2020-2022 to foresee different patterns of the regional outbreak and gradual subservience. At a glance, we highlighted the overview of the exhaustion and exertion of COVID-19 crisis throughout the periods in Italy.}, }
@article {pmid35756354, year = {2022}, author = {Katre, SG and Asnani, AJ and Pratyush, K and Sakharkar, NG and Bhope, AG and Sawarkar, KT and Nimbekar, VS}, title = {Review on development of potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (MPro).}, journal = {Future journal of pharmaceutical sciences}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {36}, doi = {10.1186/s43094-022-00423-7}, pmid = {35756354}, issn = {2314-7253}, abstract = {Background: The etiological agent for the coronavirus illness outbreak in 2019-2020 is a novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (COVID-19), whereas coronavirus disease pandemic of 2019 (COVID-19) has compelled the implementation of novel therapeutic options.<br><br>Main body of the abstract: There are currently no targeted therapeutic medicines for this condition, and effective treatment options are quite restricted; however, new therapeutic candidates targeting the viral replication cycle are being investigated. The primary protease of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus is a major target for therapeutic development (MPro). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) all seem to have a structurally conserved substrate-binding domain that can be used to develop novel protease inhibitors.<br><br>Short conclusion: With the recent publication of the X-ray crystal structure of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Mm, virtual and in vitro screening investigations to find MPro inhibitors are fast progressing. The focus of this review is on recent advancements in the quest for small-molecule inhibitors of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 main protease.}, }
@article {pmid35756104, year = {2022}, author = {Rajkumar, E and Rajan, AM and Daniel, M and Lakshmi, R and John, R and George, AJ and Abraham, J and Varghese, J}, title = {The psychological impact of quarantine due to COVID-19: A systematic review of risk, protective factors and interventions using socio-ecological model framework.}, journal = {Heliyon}, volume = {8}, number = {6}, pages = {e09765}, doi = {10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09765}, pmid = {35756104}, issn = {2405-8440}, abstract = {Background: Though quarantine is a pertinent control measure for the spread of COVID-19, it is equally important to consider its negative impacts, as it causes severe psychological, emotional, and financial problems not only for those who are quarantined but also for many others who are directly or indirectly connected to those who are quarantined. There appears to be a need to synthesise the available literature evidence on the psychological impact of quarantine experience, especially the multilevel risk factors that make individuals vulnerable to psychological impact and the protective factors to deal with the negative effects of quarantine.<br><br>Objective: This systematic review attempted to identify the various psychological impacts associated with the experience of quarantine, the risk and protective factors and list out various psycho-social interventions that can minimise the risks and facilitate the protective factors associated with the experience of quarantine.<br><br>Methods: A systematic search adhering to the PRISMA guidelines was performed in four databases PubMed, Scopus, PsycNet, Web of Science and 10518 articles related to COVID-19 and quarantine were obtained. After screening processes and quality assessment using standard checklist 74 articles that fulfilled the eligibility criteria were chosen for the final review.<br><br>Findings: Individuals subjected to quarantine had anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress symptoms, sleep problems, and somatic difficulties. Some of the key risk factors during quarantine are young age, female gender, low money, fear of infection, poor sleep quality, reduced physical activity, increased sedentary behaviours, and a lack of social support. Financial difficulties and stigma remained risk factors even after the quarantine period had ended. Key protective factors were coping skills, home based exercise, leisure, recreational activities, maintaining relationships using social media and availability of mental health services. The findings also highlight the necessity for tele mental health interventions to address the psychological effects of quarantine.<br><br>Conclusion: Multilevel interventions are required to minimise the impact of risk factors and enhance protective factors.}, }
@article {pmid35756020, year = {2022}, author = {Domán, M and Bányai, K}, title = {COVID-19-Associated Fungal Infections: An Urgent Need for Alternative Therapeutic Approach?.}, journal = {Frontiers in microbiology}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {919501}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2022.919501}, pmid = {35756020}, issn = {1664-302X}, abstract = {Secondary fungal infections may complicate the clinical course of patients affected by viral respiratory diseases, especially those admitted to intensive care unit. Hospitalized COVID-19 patients are at increased risk of fungal co-infections exacerbating the prognosis of disease due to misdiagnosis that often result in treatment failure and high mortality rate. COVID-19-associated fungal infections caused by predominantly Aspergillus and Candida species, and fungi of the order Mucorales have been reported from several countries to become significant challenge for healthcare system. Early diagnosis and adequate antifungal therapy is essential to improve clinical outcomes, however, drug resistance shows a rising trend highlighting the need for alternative therapeutic agents. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on COVID-19-associated mycoses, treatment strategies and the most recent advancements in antifungal drug development focusing on peptides with antifungal activity.}, }
@article {pmid35755883, year = {2022}, author = {Anaf, A and Ibnu, F and Romdiati, H and Noveria, M}, title = {Indonesian Migrant Workers: The Migration Process and Vulnerability to COVID-19.}, journal = {Journal of environmental and public health}, volume = {2022}, number = {}, pages = {2563684}, doi = {10.1155/2022/2563684}, pmid = {35755883}, issn = {1687-9813}, abstract = {Indonesia is one of the largest sources of migrant workers in Southeast Asia. Presently, these workers are vulnerable to COVID-19 due to the prolonged migration process, which requires them to relocate from their villages to another country and back to Indonesia on completion of their working contract. Therefore, this study describes and discusses the vulnerability of Indonesian migrant workers (IMWs) to the pandemic at various phases of the migration process. It is related to the implementation and practice of health protocols, ignorance and indifference to the dangers and transmission of the virus, and also to the national vaccination program. The analysis is based on the review of literature studies, such as studies related to the topic, international and national regulations on migrant workers, and official data and statistics published by the Indonesian government. The materials and data were collected from search engines such as Google Search and Google Scholar and also relevant published reports available. Several policies have been implemented by the government of Indonesia and other destination countries where the prospective IMWs intend to work, to protect and prevent the transmission of COVID-19. However, there is still a contagion among IMWs willing to leave abroad and those returning home after completing their employment contract. Therefore, both countries need to be responsible for each migration process, specifically related to providing health protection, increasing awareness of the danger and transmission of the virus, and applying polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests and COVID-19 vaccination for migrant workers.}, }
@article {pmid35755864, year = {2022}, author = {Koch, T}, title = {Disease mapping and innovation: A history from wood-block prints to Web 3.0.}, journal = {Patterns (New York, N.Y.)}, volume = {3}, number = {6}, pages = {100507}, doi = {10.1016/j.patter.2022.100507}, pmid = {35755864}, issn = {2666-3899}, abstract = {This paper presents a point in the transition of publicly available data and the means of its presentation. With syndromic mapping and new systems of data collection and distribution at all levels, previously privileged materials are now generally available. At the same time, the means of their analysis and presentation are being transformed by new systems of digital collaboration and presentation. With the coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-19) dashboard as an example, the history of both data and their presentation is presented as the backcloth against which the evolving systems of data collection and graphic presentation can be understood in a world of interactive research and Web 3.0.}, }
@article {pmid35755859, year = {2022}, author = {Klimek, L and Hagemann, J and Döge, J and Freudelsperger, L and Cuevas, M and Klimek, F and Hummel, T}, title = {Olfactory and gustatory disorders in COVID-19.}, journal = {Allergo journal international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-8}, doi = {10.1007/s40629-022-00216-7}, pmid = {35755859}, issn = {2197-0378}, abstract = {Loss of olfaction is one of the symptoms most commonly reported by patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although the spontaneous recovery rate is high, recent studies have shown that up to 7% of patients remain anosmic for more than 12 months after the onset of infection, leaving millions of people worldwide suffering from severe olfactory impairment. Olfactory training remains the first recommended treatment. With the continued lack of approved drug treatments, new therapeutic options are being explored. This article reviews the current state of science on COVID-19-related olfactory disorders, focusing on epidemiology, pathophysiology, cure rates, currently available treatment options, and research on new treatments.}, }
@article {pmid35755501, year = {2022}, author = {Tiwari, V and Sharma, PK and Sampath Kumar, V and Poudel, RR and Meena, S and Banjara, R}, title = {Changes in the Management of Malignant Bone Tumors in the COVID-19 Pandemic in Developing Countries.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {14}, number = {5}, pages = {e25245}, doi = {10.7759/cureus.25245}, pmid = {35755501}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has drastically affected healthcare delivery to cancer patients, including those with malignant bone tumors, worldwide. Such cancer patients are more susceptible to COVID-19 infection and risk contracting the severe disease, but their holistic tumor management has also suffered a significant impact. Because of the acute shortage of healthcare resources due to their diversion in COVID management, substantial changes are needed in various aspects of management for high-grade tumor patients, particularly in developing countries and population-dense regions, so that their evidence-based appropriate treatment is ensured. Owing to a lack of consensus regarding the ideal course of action for the management of malignant bone tumors in the current situation, many such patients often get neglected, leading to loss of life/limb. This review elaborates on various guidelines proposed by different healthcare organizations and institutes regarding the modified care pathways for malignant bone neoplasms in the current coronavirus pandemic. The early published results of these modified care pathways and the changes in the oncology practice brought about by the pandemic are also discussed.}, }
@article {pmid35755183, year = {2022}, author = {Sodhi, KK and Singh, CK}, title = {A systematic review on the occurrence, fate, and remediation of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater.}, journal = {International journal of environmental science and technology : IJEST}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-14}, doi = {10.1007/s13762-022-04326-1}, pmid = {35755183}, issn = {1735-1472}, abstract = {The COVID-19 has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Along with impairing the respiratory system, it also affects the gastrointestinal system. By reviewing experiments on the wastewater analysis for the detection of coronavirus, this study explores the fate, persistence, and various remediation strategies for the virus removal from the wastewater. The results indicated that the virus can be detected in the wastewater samples, feces, and sewage, even before the onset of symptoms. Coronavirus can be a potential panzootic disease, as several mammalian species get infected by the deadly virus. The disinfection strategies used earlier for the treatment of wastewater are not sufficient for the removal of viruses from the wastewater. Therefore, concerted efforts should be made to understand their fate, sources, and occurrence in the environmental matrices. To prevent the spread of the panzootic disease, revised guidelines should be issued for the remediation of the virus. Recent viral remediation methods such as membrane bioreactors and advanced oxidation methods can be used. Therefore, the present review puts a light on the current knowledge on the occurrence of coronaviruses in wastewater, the possible sources, fate, and removal strategies.}, }
@article {pmid35755178, year = {2022}, author = {Yao, X and Liu, Y and Chu, Z and Jin, W}, title = {Membranes for the life sciences and their future roles in medicine.}, journal = {Chinese journal of chemical engineering}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.cjche.2022.04.027}, pmid = {35755178}, issn = {1004-9541}, abstract = {Since the global outbreak of COVID-19, membrane technology for clinical treatments, including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and protective masks and clothing, has attracted intense research attention for its irreplaceable abilities. Membrane research and applications are now playing an increasingly important role in various fields of life science. In addition to intrinsic properties such as size sieving, dissolution and diffusion, membranes are often endowed with additional functions as cell scaffolds, catalysts or sensors to satisfy the specific requirements of different clinical applications. In this review, we will introduce and discuss state-of-the-art membranes and their respective functions in four typical areas of life science: artificial organs, tissue engineering, in vitro blood diagnosis and medical support. Emphasis will be given to the description of certain specific functions required of membranes in each field to provide guidance for the selection and fabrication of the membrane material. The advantages and disadvantages of these membranes have been compared to indicate further development directions for different clinical applications. Finally, we propose challenges and outlooks for future development.}, }
@article {pmid35755139, year = {2022}, author = {J, A and Girigoswami, A and Girigoswami, K}, title = {Versatile Applications of Nanosponges in Biomedical Field: A Glimpse on SARS-CoV-2 Management.}, journal = {BioNanoScience}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-14}, doi = {10.1007/s12668-022-01000-1}, pmid = {35755139}, issn = {2191-1630}, abstract = {Nanotechnology has a versatile use in the field of disease therapy, targeted drug delivery, biosensing, and environmental protection. The cross-linked nanosponges are one of the types of nanostructures that provide huge application in the biomedical field. They are available up to the fourth generation and can act as a payload for both kinds of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. There are different methods available for the synthesis of these nanosponges as well as loading the drugs inside them. A variety of approved drugs based on nanosponges are already in the market including drugs for cancer. Other applications include the uses of nanosponges as topical agent, in improving solubility, as protein carrier, in chemical sensors, in wastewater remediation, and in agriculture. The present review discusses in detail about different applications of nanosponges and also mentions about the recent SARS-CoV-2 management using nanosponges.}, }
@article {pmid35754981, year = {2022}, author = {Baptista, CJ and Oliveira de Arruda, G and Rayzel Barroso, W and Soares de Souza, V}, title = {Factors Associated With Increased Alcohol Consumption During Physical and Social Distancing Measures During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a University in Brazil.}, journal = {Substance abuse : research and treatment}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {11782218211061140}, doi = {10.1177/11782218211061140}, pmid = {35754981}, issn = {1178-2218}, abstract = {Objective: To report alcohol consumption during the first month of social home-isolation and physical distancing measures during the COVID-19 pandemic in an public University in Mid-West Brazil.<br><br>Methods: We designed an online observational study. Initial data of 2166 participants was obtained between April and May, 2020, less than a month after University's measures of social distancing with remote work and classes. We used Poisson regression model with robust variance to identify the significant factors associated with self-reported increase in alcohol consumption during social and physical distancing measures.<br><br>Results: Increased alcohol consumption during social and physical distancing was reported by 22.9% of 1371 alcohol drinkers. Factors associated with reporting increased alcoholic consumption during University's physical and social distancing measures were: not professing any religion (1.52, 95% CI 1.25-1.83), having signs/symptom suggesting SARS-COV-2 infection (1.56, 95% CI 1.26-1.93), missing social interaction with peers carried out without any mediating technology (1.57, 95% CI 1.13-2.20), experiencing financial distress/hardship (1.25, 95% CI 1.02-1.54), perceiving duration of social isolation as long (1.62, 95% CI 1.10-2.41), reporting worsening of emotional/mental wellbeing (1.76, 95% CI 1.34-2.33), and previous psychological disorders (1.25, 95% CI 1.03-1.52).<br><br>Conclusions: This study highlights several individual, psychological, and social determinants of increase in consumption of alcoholic beverages during physical and social distancing measures due to the pandemic and the results may reflect the presence of emotional changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It urges that sanitary authorities adopt measures to avoid excessive alcohol consumption during social distancing measures.}, }
@article {pmid35754861, year = {2022}, author = {Wu, H and Song, C and Ge, Y and Ge, T}, title = {Link Prediction on Complex Networks: An Experimental Survey.}, journal = {Data science and engineering}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-26}, doi = {10.1007/s41019-022-00188-2}, pmid = {35754861}, issn = {2364-1541}, abstract = {Complex networks have been used widely to model a large number of relationships. The outbreak of COVID-19 has had a huge impact on various complex networks in the real world, for example global trade networks, air transport networks, and even social networks, known as racial equality issues caused by the spread of the epidemic. Link prediction plays an important role in complex network analysis in that it can find missing links or predict the links which will arise in the future in the network by analyzing the existing network structures. Therefore, it is extremely important to study the link prediction problem on complex networks. There are a variety of techniques for link prediction based on the topology of the network and the properties of entities. In this work, a new taxonomy is proposed to divide the link prediction methods into five categories and a comprehensive overview of these methods is provided. The network embedding-based methods, especially graph neural network-based methods, which have attracted increasing attention in recent years, have been creatively investigated as well. Moreover, we analyze thirty-six datasets and divide them into seven types of networks according to their topological features shown in real networks and perform comprehensive experiments on these networks. We further analyze the results of experiments in detail, aiming to discover the most suitable approach for each kind of network.}, }
@article {pmid35754606, year = {2022}, author = {Brust, KB and Papineni, V and Columbus, C and Arroliga, AC}, title = {COVID-19-from emerging global threat to ongoing pandemic crisis.}, journal = {Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center)}, volume = {35}, number = {4}, pages = {468-475}, doi = {10.1080/08998280.2022.2068940}, pmid = {35754606}, issn = {0899-8280}, abstract = {In December 2019, China witnessed the emergence of a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. Its ability to spread quickly made it a global pandemic. The United States has been greatly affected, with more than 980,000 lives lost so far. Diagnosis is made primarily through nasopharyngeal swab for polymerase chain reaction. Point-of-care testing by antigen is less sensitive and specific and may require polymerase chain reaction confirmation. Management of the COVID-19 patient remains largely supportive. Steroids are now a therapy mainstay if the patient is hypoxic. Direct antivirals, such as nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, remdesivir, or molnupirivir, can be used if certain criteria are met. SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted primarily by inhalation of large droplets, though transmission by aerosolization may occur, particularly via certain procedures. In the hospital setting, use of personal protective equipment for the care of COVID-19 patients has largely remained the same, with full use of gowns, gloves, respirators, and eye protection. Inadequate supply at the start of the pandemic required innovative ways to reprocess and extend the use of personal protective equipment. Three vaccines are now available in the US, all with excellent efficacy against severe disease and hospitalization, though booster doses are needed to bolster waning antibody levels. The possibility of emerging variants continues to remain a threat to control of the pandemic. The leader of the World Health Organization, Dr. Tedros, has stated, "The pandemic will not be over anywhere until it's over everywhere."}, }
@article {pmid35754589, year = {2022}, author = {Cavazos, A and Deb, A and Sharma, U and Nugent, K}, title = {COVID toes following vaccination.}, journal = {Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center)}, volume = {35}, number = {4}, pages = {476-479}, doi = {10.1080/08998280.2022.2043732}, pmid = {35754589}, issn = {0899-8280}, abstract = {Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 infections include "COVID toes." These are pernio-like, pale purple, painful, ill-defined cyanotic lesions that have inflammatory infiltrates on histologic studies. COVID toes can also develop following COVID vaccination. COVID toes was reported by 29 individuals to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through May 25, 2021. The mean age of these individuals was 52 ± 18 years; 23 (79%) were women. They had received both mRNA vaccines and the adenovirus vector-based vaccine. This discoloration developed 4.5 ± 9.8 days following vaccination, usually after the first dose. Four individuals required hospitalization for systemic symptoms, and one died. This information indicates that some individuals develop important clinical syndromes following vaccination and suggests that some of the manifestations of COVID-19 infection represent immune responses and not necessarily active tissue infection.}, }
@article {pmid35754203, year = {2022}, author = {González Del Castillo, J and Martín-Delgado, MC and Martín Sánchez, FJ and Martínez-Sellés, M and Molero García, JM and Moreno Guillén, S and Rodríguez-Artalejo, FJ and Ruiz-Galiana, J and Cantón, R and De Lucas Ramos, P and García-Botella, A and García-Lledó, A and Hernández-Sampelayo, T and Gómez-Pavón, J and Bouza, E}, title = {Lessons from COVID-19 for future disasters: an opinion paper.}, journal = {Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.37201/req/058.2022}, pmid = {35754203}, issn = {1988-9518}, abstract = {A "Pandemic/Disaster Law" is needed to condense and organize the current dispersed and multiple legislation. The State must exercise a single power and command appropriate to each situation, with national validity. The production of plans for the use of land and real estate as potential centers for health care, shelter or refuge is recommended. There should be specific disaster plans at least for Primary Health Care, Hospitals and Socio-sanitary Centers. The guarantee of the maintenance of communication and supply routes is essential, as well as the guarantee of the autochthonous production of basic goods. The pandemic has highlighted the need to redefine the training plans for physicians who, in their different specialties, have to undertake reforms that allow a more versatile and transversal training. National research must have plans to be able to respond quickly to questions posed by the various crises, using all the nation's resources and in particular, all the data and capabilities of the health sector. Contingency plans must consider ethical aspects, and meet the needs of patients and families with a humanized approach. In circumstances of catastrophe, conflicts increase and require a bioethical response that allows the best decisions to be made, with the utmost respect for people's values. Rapid, efficient and truthful communication systems must be contained in a special project for this sector in critic circumstances. Finally, we believe that the creation of National Coordination Centers for major disasters and Public Health can contribute to better face the crises of the future.}, }
@article {pmid35754072, year = {2022}, author = {Signori, D and Magliocca, A and Hayashida, K and Graw, JA and Malhotra, R and Bellani, G and Berra, L and Rezoagli, E}, title = {Inhaled nitric oxide: role in the pathophysiology of cardio-cerebrovascular and respiratory diseases.}, journal = {Intensive care medicine experimental}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {28}, pmid = {35754072}, issn = {2197-425X}, support = {DFG GR 4446/3-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; COVID Fast Grant//College of Science, George Mason University/ ; Fast Grants for COVID-19 research//College of Science, George Mason University/ ; R01HL142809/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; K23 HL128882/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; Reginald Jenney Endowment Chair//Harvard Medical School/ ; Bicocca Starting grant 2020//University of Milano-Bicocca/ ; International Young Investigator Award 2018//European Society of Intensive Care Medicine/ ; National Merck Sharp//Società Italiana di Anestesia Analgesia Rianimazione e Terapia Intensiva (SIAARTI)/ ; Dohme Corporation Research Award 2017//Società Italiana di Anestesia Analgesia Rianimazione e Terapia Intensiva (SIAARTI)/ ; }, abstract = {Nitric oxide (NO) is a key molecule in the biology of human life. NO is involved in the physiology of organ viability and in the pathophysiology of organ dysfunction, respectively. In this narrative review, we aimed at elucidating the mechanisms behind the role of NO in the respiratory and cardio-cerebrovascular systems, in the presence of a healthy or dysfunctional endothelium. NO is a key player in maintaining multiorgan viability with adequate organ blood perfusion. We report on its physiological endogenous production and effects in the circulation and within the lungs, as well as the pathophysiological implication of its disturbances related to NO depletion and excess. The review covers from preclinical information about endogenous NO produced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) to the potential therapeutic role of exogenous NO (inhaled nitric oxide, iNO). Moreover, the importance of NO in several clinical conditions in critically ill patients such as hypoxemia, pulmonary hypertension, hemolysis, cerebrovascular events and ischemia-reperfusion syndrome is evaluated in preclinical and clinical settings. Accordingly, the mechanism behind the beneficial iNO treatment in hypoxemia and pulmonary hypertension is investigated. Furthermore, investigating the pathophysiology of brain injury, cardiopulmonary bypass, and red blood cell and artificial hemoglobin transfusion provides a focus on the potential role of NO as a protective molecule in multiorgan dysfunction. Finally, the preclinical toxicology of iNO and the antimicrobial role of NO-including its recent investigation on its role against the Sars-CoV2 infection during the COVID-19 pandemic-are described.}, }
@article {pmid35754059, year = {2022}, author = {Alipoor, SD and Mirsaeidi, M}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 cell entry beyond the ACE2 receptor.}, journal = {Molecular biology reports}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35754059}, issn = {1573-4978}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is known as the major viral entry site for SARS-CoV-2. However, viral tissue tropism and high rate of infectivity do not directly correspond with the level of ACE2 expression in the organs. It may suggest involvement of other receptors or accessory membrane proteins in SARSCoV-2 cell entry.<br><br>METHODS AND RESULTS: A systematic search was carried out in PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library for studies reporting SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. We used a group of the MeSH terms including "cell entry", "surface receptor", "ACE2", and "SARS-CoV-2". We reviewed all selected papers published in English up to end of February 2022. We found several receptors or auxiliary membrane proteins (including CD147, NRP-1, CD26, AGTR2, Band3, KREMEN1, ASGR1, ANP, TMEM30A, CLEC4G, and LDLRAD3) along with ACE2 that facilitate virus entry and transmission. Expression of Band3 protein on the surface of erythrocytes and evidence of binding with S protein of SARS-CoV-2 may explain asymptomatic hypoxemia during COVID19 infection. The variants of SARS-CoV-2 including the B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.617.1 (Kappa), B.1.617.2 (Delta), B.1.617.2+ (Delta+), and B.1.1.529 (Omicron) may have different potency to bond with these receptors.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The high rate of infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 may be due to its ability to enter the host cell through a group of cell surface receptors. These receptors are potential targets to develop novel therapeutic agents for SARS-CoV-2.}, }
@article {pmid35753869, year = {2022}, author = {Angeli, F and Reboldi, G and Trapasso, M and Zappa, M and Spanevello, A and Verdecchia, P}, title = {COVID-19, vaccines and deficiency of ACE2 and other angiotensinases. Closing the loop on the "Spike effect".}, journal = {European journal of internal medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.ejim.2022.06.015}, pmid = {35753869}, issn = {1879-0828}, abstract = {The role of a dysregulated renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is well recognized. The imbalance between angiotensin II (Ang II) and Angiotensin1-7 (Ang1,7) caused by the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors exerts a pivotal role on the clinical picture and outcome of COVID-19. ACE2 receptors are not the exclusive angiotensinases in nature. Other angiotensinases (PRCP, and POP) have the potential to limit the detrimental effects of the interactions between ACE2 and the Spike proteins. In the cardiovascular disease continuum, ACE2 activity tends to decrease, and POP/PRCP activity to increase, from the health status to advanced deterioration of the cardiovascular system. The failure of the counter-regulatory RAS axis during the acute phase of COVID-19 is characterized by a decrease of ACE2 expression coupled to unchanged activity of other angiotensinases, therefore failing to limit the accumulation of Ang II. COVID-19 vaccines increase the endogenous synthesis of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins. Once synthetized, the free-floating spike proteins circulate in the blood, interact with ACE2 receptors and resemble the pathological features of SARS-CoV-2 ("Spike effect" of COVID-19 vaccines). It has been noted that an increased catalytic activity of POP/PRCP is typical in elderly individuals with comorbidities or previous cardiovascular events, but not in younger people. Thus, the adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccination associated with Ang II accumulation are generally more common in younger and healthy subjects. Understanding the relationships between different mechanisms of Ang II cleavage and accumulation offers the opportunity to close the pathophysiological loop between the risk of progression to severe forms of COVID-19 and the potential adverse events of vaccination.}, }
@article {pmid35753836, year = {2022}, author = {Pontali, E and Silva, DR and Marx, FM and Caminero, JA and Centis, R and D'Ambrosio, L and Garcia-Garcia, JM and Muhwa, JC and Tiberi, S and Migliori, GB}, title = {Breathing Back Better! A State of the Art on the Benefits of Functional Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Post-Tuberculosis and Post-COVID Lungs.}, journal = {Archivos de bronconeumologia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.arbres.2022.05.010}, pmid = {35753836}, issn = {1579-2129}, abstract = {Currently, tuberculosis (TB) and COVID-19 account for substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide, not only during their acute phase, but also because of their sequelae. This scoping review aims to describe the specific aspects of post-TB and post-COVID (long-COVID-19) sequelae, and the implications for post-disease follow-up and rehabilitation. In particular, evidence on how to identify patients affected by sequelae is presented and discussed. A section of the review is dedicated to identifying patients eligible for pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), as not all patients with sequelae are eligible for PR. Components of PR are presented and discussed, as well as their effectiveness. Other essential components to implement comprehensive rehabilitation programmes such as counselling and health education of enrolled patients, evaluation of cost-effectiveness of PR and its impact on health systems as well as research priorities for the future are included in this scoping review.}, }
@article {pmid35753399, year = {2022}, author = {Cueto-Robledo, G and Rivera-Sotelo, N and Roldan-Valadez, E and Narvaez-Oriani, CA and Cueto-Romero, HD and Gonzalez-Hermosillo, LM and Hidalgo-Alvarez, M and Barrera-Jimenez, B}, title = {A brief review on failed hybrid treatment for massive pulmonary embolism: catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) and pharmaco-mechanical thrombolysis (PMT).}, journal = {Current problems in cardiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {101294}, doi = {10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101294}, pmid = {35753399}, issn = {1535-6280}, abstract = {Acute massive or high-risk pulmonary embolism (PE), described as a lung arteries occlusion by an embolus, causes a significant compromise of hemodynamic stability and could lead to a lethal event. Systemic fibrinolytic therapy has been accepted as the standard reperfusion therapy in massive PE, except when there is an increased risk of bleeding. Catheter-based mechanical strategies (thrombofragmentation, thromboaspiration with catheter-guided thrombolysis) are described as options when there are absolute contraindications to systemic thrombolysis. We briefly reviewed clinical situations when patients with severe pneumonia due to COVID-19 are complicated by a high-risk saddle pulmonary embolism and underwent repeated pharmacomechanical thrombolysis and high-flow oxygen therapy. There are scarce reports of failed catheter-guided pharmacomechanical thrombolysis in patients with PE secondary to COVID-19. Re-administration of systemic thrombolysis and alteplase (15 mg dose) can show favorable results.}, }
@article {pmid35753213, year = {2022}, author = {Mai, AS and Lee, ARYB and Tay, RYK and Shapiro, L and Thakkar, A and Halmos, B and Grinshpun, A and Herishanu, Y and Benjamini, O and Tadmor, T and Shroff, RT and LaFleur, BJ and Bhattacharya, D and Peng, S and Tey, J and Lee, SC and Chai, LYA and Soon, YY and Sundar, R and Lee, MX}, title = {Booster doses of COVID-19 vaccines for patients with haematological and solid cancer: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis.}, journal = {European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)}, volume = {172}, number = {}, pages = {65-75}, doi = {10.1016/j.ejca.2022.05.029}, pmid = {35753213}, issn = {1879-0852}, abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Patients with cancer have an increased risk of severe disease and mortality from COVID-19, as the disease and antineoplastic therapy cause reduced vaccine immunogenicity. Booster doses have been proposed to enhance protection, and efficacy data are emerging from several studies.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the proportion of COVID-19 primary vaccination non-responders with cancer who seroconvert after a booster dose.<br><br>METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL and medRxiv were searched from 1st January 2021 to 10th March 2022. Quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal checklist.<br><br>RESULTS: After the eligibility assessment, 22 studies were included in this systematic review and 17 for meta-analysis of seroconversion in non-responders, pooling a total of 849 patients with haematological cancer and 82 patients with solid cancer. Haematological cancer non-responders exhibited lower seroconversion at 44% (95% CI 36-53%) than solid cancer at 80% (95% CI 69-87%). Individual patient data meta-analysis found the odds of having a meaningful rise in antibody titres to be significantly associated with increased duration between the second and third dose (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.03, P ≤ 0.05), age of patient (OR 0.960, 95% CI 0.934-0.987, P ≤ 0.05) and cancer type. With patients with haematological cancer as a reference, patients with lung cancer had 16.8 times the odds of achieving a meaningful increase in antibody titres (OR 16.8, 95% CI 2.95-318, P ≤ 0.05) and gastrointestinal cancer patients had 25.4 times the odds of achieving a meaningful increase in antibody titres (OR 25.4, 95% CI 5.26-492.21, P ≤ 0.05).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: administration of a COVID-19 vaccine booster dose is effective in improving seroconversion and antibody levels. Patients with haematological cancer consistently demonstrate poorer response to booster vaccines than patients with solid cancer.}, }
@article {pmid35748515, year = {2022}, author = {Woźniak, J and Garbacz, K and Wojciechowska, O and Włodarek, D}, title = {Alternative and online weight loss interventions during Covid-19 pandemic lockdown.}, journal = {Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny}, volume = {73}, number = {2}, pages = {147-158}, doi = {10.32394/rpzh.2022.0204}, pmid = {35748515}, issn = {0035-7715}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Communicable Disease Control ; Humans ; *Internet-Based Intervention ; Obesity/prevention &amp; control ; Overweight ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; Weight Loss ; }, abstract = {The problem of obesity is affecting an increasing number of people worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic and the required social distancing, which make it impossible to see a dietitian, present new challenges and require the development of new ways of working with overweight individuals. Based on research and practice, dietetic services are beginning to shift from in-office consultations to a form of online consultation using mobile apps and websites. This literature review aims to critically analyze the scientific evidence for the effectiveness of interventions targeting weight loss in overweight or obese individuals focusing on behavioral and online interventions. The data from the presented studies suggest that the effectiveness of online interventions to control body weight is high enough to be used in nutritional education and in weight reduction or maintenance. The main advantage is a wide access to them for the public.}, }
@article {pmid35747287, year = {2022}, author = {Saloner, B and Eber, GB and Sufrin, CB and Beyrer, C and Rubenstein, LS}, title = {A Human Rights Framework for Advancing the Standard of Medical Care for Incarcerated People in the United States in the Time of COVID-19.}, journal = {Health and human rights}, volume = {24}, number = {1}, pages = {59-75}, pmid = {35747287}, issn = {2150-4113}, mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology ; Health Services ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Pandemics ; *Prisoners ; United States ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the lack of resources and oversight that hinders medical care for incarcerated people in the United States. The US Supreme Court has held that "deliberate indifference" to "serious medical needs" violates the Constitution. But this legal standard does not assure the consistent provision of health care services. This leads the United States to fall behind European nations that define universal standards of care grounded in principles of human rights and the ideal of equivalence that incarcerated and non-incarcerated people are entitled to the same health care. In this paper, we review a diverse legal and policy literature and undertake a conceptual analysis of policy issues related to the standard of care in correctional health; we then describe a framework for moving incrementally closer toward a universal standard. The expansion of Medicaid funding and benefits to corrections facilities, alongside a system of comprehensive and enforceable external oversight, would meaningfully raise the standard of care. Although these changes on their own will not resolve all of the thorny health problems posed by mass incarceration, they present a tangible opportunity to move closer to the human rights ideal.}, }
@article {pmid35746658, year = {2022}, author = {Schmitz, KS and Lange, MV and Gommers, L and Handrejk, K and Porter, DP and Alabi, CA and Moscona, A and Porotto, M and de Vries, RD and de Swart, RL}, title = {Repurposing an In Vitro Measles Virus Dissemination Assay for Screening of Antiviral Compounds.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {14}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/v14061186}, pmid = {35746658}, issn = {1999-4915}, support = {10150511910052//Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development/ ; AI159085//National Institute of Health/ ; NS105699//National Institute of Health/ ; NS091263//National Institute of Health/ ; Funded Research Agreement//Gilead Sciences (United States)/ ; }, mesh = {Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19 ; Child ; Humans ; *Measles ; Measles Vaccine ; Measles virus ; Pandemics ; Vaccination ; }, abstract = {Measles virus (MV) is a highly contagious respiratory virus responsible for outbreaks associated with significant morbidity and mortality among children and young adults. Although safe and effective measles vaccines are available, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in vaccination coverage gaps that may lead to the resurgence of measles when restrictions are lifted. This puts individuals who cannot be vaccinated, such as young infants and immunocompromised individuals, at risk. Therapeutic interventions are complicated by the long incubation time of measles, resulting in a narrow treatment window. At present, the only available WHO-advised option is treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins, although this is not approved as standard of care. Antivirals against measles may contribute to intervention strategies to limit the impact of future outbreaks. Here, we review previously described antivirals and antiviral assays, evaluate the antiviral efficacy of a number of compounds to inhibit MV dissemination in vitro, and discuss potential application in specific target populations. We conclude that broadly reactive antivirals could strengthen existing intervention strategies to limit the impact of measles outbreaks.}, }
@article {pmid35745248, year = {2022}, author = {Grant, WB and Boucher, BJ}, title = {An Exploration of How Solar Radiation Affects the Seasonal Variation of Human Mortality Rates and the Seasonal Variation in Some Other Common Disorders.}, journal = {Nutrients}, volume = {14}, number = {12}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/nu14122519}, pmid = {35745248}, issn = {2072-6643}, mesh = {Humans ; *Respiratory Tract Infections ; Seasons ; *Sunlight ; Ultraviolet Rays/adverse effects ; Vitamin D ; }, abstract = {Many diseases have large seasonal variations in which winter overall mortality rates are about 25% higher than in summer in mid-latitude countries, with cardiovascular diseases and respiratory infections and conditions accounting for most of the variation. Cancers, by contrast, do not usually have pronounced seasonal variations in incidence or mortality rates. This narrative review examines the epidemiological evidence for seasonal variations in blood pressure, cardiovascular disease rates and respiratory viral infections in relation to atmospheric temperature and humidity, and solar UV exposure through vitamin D production and increased blood concentrations of nitric oxide. However, additional mechanisms most likely exist by which solar radiation reduces the risk of seasonally varying diseases. Some studies have been reported with respect to temperature without considering solar UV doses, although studies regarding solar UV doses, such as for respiratory infections, often consider whether temperature can affect the findings. More research is indicated to evaluate the relative effects of temperature and sun exposure on the seasonality of mortality rates for several diseases. Since solar ultraviolet-B (UVB) doses decrease to vanishingly small values at higher latitudes in winter, the use of safe UVB lamps for indoor use in winter may warrant consideration.}, }
@article {pmid35739496, year = {2022}, author = {Belita, E and Neil-Sztramko, SE and Miller, A and Anderson, LN and Apatu, E and Bellefleur, O and Kapiriri, L and Read, K and Sherifali, D and Tarride, JÉ and Dobbins, M}, title = {A scoping review of strategies to support public health recovery in the transition to a "new normal" in the age of COVID-19.}, journal = {BMC public health}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, pages = {1244}, pmid = {35739496}, issn = {1471-2458}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; *Disasters ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; Public Health ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the public health workforce has experienced re-deployment from core functions such as health promotion, disease prevention, and health protection, to preventing and tracking the spread of COVID-19. With continued pandemic deployment coupled with the exacerbation of existing health disparities due to the pandemic, public health systems need to re-start the delivery of core public health programming alongside COVID-19 activities. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify strategies that support the re-integration of core public health programming alongside ongoing pandemic or emergency response.<br><br>METHODS: The Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews was used to guide this study. A comprehensive search was conducted using: a) online databases, b) grey literature, c) content experts to identify additional references, and d) searching reference lists of pertinent studies. All references were screened by two team members. References were included that met the following criteria: a) involved public health organizations (local, regional, national, and international); b) provided descriptions of strategies to support adaptation or delivery of routine public health measures alongside disaster response; and c) quantitative, qualitative, or descriptive designs. No restrictions were placed on language, publication status, publication date, or outcomes. Data on study characteristics, intervention/strategy, and key findings were independently extracted by two team members. Emergent themes were established through independent inductive analysis by two team members.<br><br>RESULTS: Of 44,087 records identified, 17 studies were included in the review. Study designs of included studies varied: descriptive (n = 8); qualitative (n = 4); mixed-methods (n = 2); cross-sectional (n = 1); case report (n = 1); single-group pretest/post-test design (n = 1). Included studies were from North America (n = 10), Africa (n = 4), and Asia (n = 3) and addressed various public health disasters including natural disasters (n = 9), infectious disease epidemics (n = 5), armed conflict (n = 2) and hazardous material disasters (n = 1). Five emergent themes were identified on strategies to support the re-integration of core public health services: a) community engagement, b) community assessment, c) collaborative partnerships and coordination, d) workforce capacity development and allocation, and e) funding/resource enhancement.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Emergent themes from this study can be used by public health organizations as a beginning understanding of strategies that can support the re-introduction of essential public health services and programs in COVID-19 recovery.}, }
@article {pmid35738594, year = {2022}, author = {Yoshimoto, N and Yanagi, A and Takayama, S and Sakamoto, M and Tomoda, K and Ishikawa, K and Kawate, A and Takayama, S and Yamashita, M and Yamamoto, S and Yokoyama, K and Suzuki, H and Kani, H}, title = {Axillary Lymph Node Swelling After COVID-19 Booster Vaccination: Japanese Case Report and Literature Review.}, journal = {In vivo (Athens, Greece)}, volume = {36}, number = {4}, pages = {1977-1981}, doi = {10.21873/invivo.12921}, pmid = {35738594}, issn = {1791-7549}, mesh = {Axilla/pathology ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Japan ; Lymph Nodes/pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Vaccination/adverse effects ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; mRNA Vaccines ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND/AIM: COVID-19 has been a global pandemic for more than 2 years, and vaccination against COVID-19 using an mRNA vaccine is widespread. The COVID-19 vaccination can cause specific side-effects, such as axillary lymph node swelling; therefore, breast oncologists should pay attention to such occurrences. Initially, only two COVID-19 vaccinations were planned; however, in some countries third or fourth vaccines have been administered. Here, we present a female case who developed axillary lymph node swelling after her third vaccination. We have also reviewed the literature regarding this side-effect after a third or fourth COVID-19 vaccination.<br><br>CASE REPORT: A 64-year-old woman who came to our clinic regarding a mammography abnormality in her left breast. She had no palpable mass, but a left breast mass was shown by mammography, and ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging indicated a hamartoma. At 2 months after her second COVID-19 vaccination when she underwent these tests, she had no axillary lymph node swelling. We planned a follow-up after 6 months. At her next visit, by chance, she underwent ultrasonography 14 days after she received a third COVID-19 vaccination, and a swollen axillary lymph node was observed.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Axillary lymph node swelling can occur after a third COVID-19 vaccination. Therefore, breast oncologists will have to consider this side-effect of COVID-19 vaccination when diagnosing breast tumors.}, }
@article {pmid35738256, year = {2022}, author = {Yuan, WZ and Fu, T}, title = {Liver Dysfunction in COVID-19: From Onset to Recovery.}, journal = {Seminars in liver disease}, volume = {42}, number = {2}, pages = {151-158}, doi = {10.1055/s-0042-1745871}, pmid = {35738256}, issn = {1098-8971}, mesh = {*COVID-19/complications ; Humans ; *Liver Diseases ; *Thrombosis ; }, abstract = {With the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide, extrapulmonary lesions, including liver dysfunction, have attracted growing attention. The mechanisms underlying liver dysfunction in COVID-19 remain unclear. The reported prevalence of liver dysfunction varies widely across studies. In addition, its impact on clinical outcomes and its recovery after discharge are still controversial. In this review, pathological and laboratory findings were analyzed to reveal the potential mechanisms of COVID-19-induced liver injury from onset to recovery. Four patterns of liver damage were summarized according to the pathological findings, including hypoxemia and shock changes, vascular thrombosis and vascular damage, bile duct damage, and other histological changes. With a strict definition, the prevalence of liver dysfunction was not as high as reported. Meanwhile, liver dysfunction improved during the process of recovery. Nevertheless, the definite liver dysfunction was significantly associated with severe clinical course, which should not be ignored.}, }
@article {pmid35669052, year = {2022}, author = {Menon, NG and Mohapatra, S}, title = {The COVID-19 pandemic: Virus transmission and risk assessment.}, journal = {Current opinion in environmental science &amp; health}, volume = {28}, number = {}, pages = {100373}, doi = {10.1016/j.coesh.2022.100373}, pmid = {35669052}, issn = {2468-5844}, abstract = {The coronaviruses are the largest known RNA viruses of which SASR-CoV-2 has been spreading continuously due to its repeated mutation triggered by several environmental factors. Multiple human interventions and lessons learned from the SARS 2002 outbreak helped reduce its spread considerably, and thus, the virus was contained but the emerging mutations burdened the medical facility leading to many deaths in the world. As per the world health organization (WHO) droplet mode transmission is the most common mode of SASR-CoV-2 transmission to which environmental factors including temperature and humidity play a major role. This article highlights the responsibility of environmental causes that would affect the distribution and fate of the virus. Recent development in the risk assessment models is also covered in this article.}, }
@article {pmid35668275, year = {2022}, author = {Kamura, Y and Sakamoto, T and Yokoyama, Y and Nishikii, H and Sakata-Yanagimoto, M and Chiba, S and Obara, N}, title = {Hemolysis induced by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.}, journal = {International journal of hematology}, volume = {116}, number = {1}, pages = {55-59}, pmid = {35668275}, issn = {1865-3774}, mesh = {2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273 ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; BNT162 Vaccine ; *COVID-19/complications/prevention &amp; control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Complement Inactivating Agents ; Female ; *Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal/drug therapy ; Hemolysis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination/adverse effects ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; mRNA Vaccines ; }, abstract = {Autoimmune and complement-related hematological side effects have been observed with messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines. Here, we report the incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine-induced hemolysis in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). We reviewed the medical records of seventeen patients with PNH visiting the University of Tsukuba Hospital who had received two doses of the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine between May 2021 and November 2021. Twelve patients were being treated with complement inhibitors. The median age of all patients was 62 years (range 29-89 years).; six were males and eleven were females. Fourteen patients received the BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer/BioNTech) and three received the mRNA-1273 vaccine (Moderna). The median percentages of PNH clones in erythrocytes and granulocytes were 37.61% (range 8.11-85.71%) and 59.73% (range 3.76-97.82%), respectively. Of the twelve patients receiving complement inhibitors, only one had a hemolytic reaction after vaccination, but it did not meet the definition of breakthrough hemolysis. By contrast, hemolytic attacks were observed in two of the five untreated patients with PNH, and one of them required a blood transfusion. Appropriate administration of complement inhibitors to patients with PNH may prevent hemolysis induced by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination.}, }
@article {pmid35752871, year = {2022}, author = {Rybkina, K and Davis-Porada, J and Farber, DL}, title = {Tissue immunity to SARS-CoV-2: Role in protection and immunopathology.}, journal = {Immunological reviews}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/imr.13112}, pmid = {35752871}, issn = {1600-065X}, support = {U19AI128949//National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/ ; }, abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has demonstrated the importance of studying antiviral immunity within sites of infection to gain insights into mechanisms for immune protection and disease pathology. As SARS-CoV-2 is tropic to the respiratory tract, many studies of airway washes, lymph node aspirates, and postmortem lung tissue have revealed site-specific immune dynamics that are associated with the protection or immunopathology but are not readily observed in circulation. This review summarizes the growing body of work identifying immune processes in tissues and their interplay with immune responses in circulation during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, severe disease, and memory persistence. Establishment of tissue resident immunity also may have implications for vaccination and the durability of immune memory and protection.}, }
@article {pmid35752810, year = {2022}, author = {Yang, Y and Wei, Z and Xiong, C and Qian, H}, title = {Direct mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2-induced cardiomyocyte damage: an update.}, journal = {Virology journal}, volume = {19}, number = {1}, pages = {108}, pmid = {35752810}, issn = {1743-422X}, support = {81670337//Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2019XK320061//Clinical and Translational Medicine Research Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/ ; }, abstract = {Myocardial injury induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is reportedly related to disease severity and mortality, attracting attention to exploring relevant pathogenic mechanisms. Limited by insufficient evidence, myocardial injury caused by direct viral invasion of cardiomyocytes (CMs) is not fully understood. Based on recent studies, endosomal dependence can compensate for S protein priming to mediate SARS-CoV-2 infection of CMs, damage the contractile function of CMs, trigger electrical dysfunction, and tip the balance of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to exert a myocardial injury effect. In this review, we shed light on the direct injury caused by SARS-CoV-2 to provide a comprehensive understanding of the cardiac manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).}, }
@article {pmid35752612, year = {2022}, author = {Qin, S and Xiao, W and Zhou, C and Pu, Q and Deng, X and Lan, L and Liang, H and Song, X and Wu, M}, title = {Pseudomonas aeruginosa: pathogenesis, virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, interaction with host, technology advances and emerging therapeutics.}, journal = {Signal transduction and targeted therapy}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {199}, pmid = {35752612}, issn = {2059-3635}, support = {R01 AI138203-3//Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Inc.)/ ; }, abstract = {Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that infects patients with cystic fibrosis, burn wounds, immunodeficiency, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), cancer, and severe infection requiring ventilation, such as COVID-19. P. aeruginosa is also a widely-used model bacterium for all biological areas. In addition to continued, intense efforts in understanding bacterial pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa including virulence factors (LPS, quorum sensing, two-component systems, 6 type secretion systems, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), CRISPR-Cas and their regulation), rapid progress has been made in further studying host-pathogen interaction, particularly host immune networks involving autophagy, inflammasome, non-coding RNAs, cGAS, etc. Furthermore, numerous technologic advances, such as bioinformatics, metabolomics, scRNA-seq, nanoparticles, drug screening, and phage therapy, have been used to improve our understanding of P. aeruginosa pathogenesis and host defense. Nevertheless, much remains to be uncovered about interactions between P. aeruginosa and host immune responses, including mechanisms of drug resistance by known or unannotated bacterial virulence factors as well as mammalian cell signaling pathways. The widespread use of antibiotics and the slow development of effective antimicrobials present daunting challenges and necessitate new theoretical and practical platforms to screen and develop mechanism-tested novel drugs to treat intractable infections, especially those caused by multi-drug resistance strains. Benefited from has advancing in research tools and technology, dissecting this pathogen's feature has entered into molecular and mechanistic details as well as dynamic and holistic views. Herein, we comprehensively review the progress and discuss the current status of P. aeruginosa biophysical traits, behaviors, virulence factors, invasive regulators, and host defense patterns against its infection, which point out new directions for future investigation and add to the design of novel and/or alternative therapeutics to combat this clinically significant pathogen.}, }
@article {pmid35752546, year = {2022}, author = {Ni, B and Yanis, A and Dee, K and Chappell, JD and Dulek, DE and Kassim, AA and Kitko, CL and Thomas, LD and Halasa, N}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 vaccine safety and immunogenicity in patients with hematologic malignancies, transplantation, and cellular therapies.}, journal = {Blood reviews}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {100984}, doi = {10.1016/j.blre.2022.100984}, pmid = {35752546}, issn = {1532-1681}, abstract = {Individuals with hematological malignancies and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) recipients are immunologically heterogenous groups with varying degrees of immunosuppression at increased risk of severe disease and mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are key interventions to preventing severe COVID-19 and its complications. While these individuals were excluded from initial vaccine trials, there is now a growing body of acceptable safety and immunogenicity data among these individuals. A consistent signal for new or worsening graft versus host disease in allogeneic HCT recipients has not been demonstrated post-vaccination. Immunogenicity in these populations is variable depending on disease and treatment factors. However, serological responses may not accurately reflect vaccine protection as correlates of protection within these populations are not yet established. Large-scale studies powered to identify rare serious events, resolve differences in vaccine responses between different vaccination strategies, and identify immune correlates of protection within these populations are needed.}, }
@article {pmid35752482, year = {2022}, author = {Ngeow, WC and Tang, L and Ho, JY and Tay, HW and Wong, RCW and Ahmad, MS and Marla, V and Sekar, K}, title = {The Provision of Dental Care to COVID-19 Survivors: A Concise Review.}, journal = {International dental journal}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.identj.2022.05.009}, pmid = {35752482}, issn = {1875-595X}, abstract = {AIMS: It has been reported that there are a certain percentage of COVID-19 patients who recover but suffer from devastating permanent organ damage or failure. Others suffer from long Covid syndrome, with prolonged symptoms that persist more than 12 weeks. However, there is scarcity of literature regarding the provision of dental treatment for these two groups of patients. This manuscript reviews the impact of multi-system involvement on the provision of dental care to these patients.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search of literature was done in PubMed-Medline and Scopus databases to review the available literature on COVID-19 impacts on pulmonary, cardiovascular, haematologic, renal, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and neurologic systems and respective management in dental clinical settings.<br><br>RESULTS: The literature search from PubMed-Medline and Scopus databases resulted in 74 salient articles that contributed to the concise review on COVID-19 effects on pulmonary, cardiovascular, haematologic, renal, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and neurologic systems and/or its respective dental management recommendations.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This concise review covers the management of post COVID-19 patients with pulmonary, cardiovascular, haematologic, renal, gastrointestinal, endocrine, or neurologic system complications.}, }
@article {pmid35752132, year = {2022}, author = {Kolahchi, Z and Khanmirzaei, M and Mowla, A}, title = {Acute ischemic stroke and vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia post COVID-19 vaccination; a systematic review.}, journal = {Journal of the neurological sciences}, volume = {439}, number = {}, pages = {120327}, doi = {10.1016/j.jns.2022.120327}, pmid = {35752132}, issn = {1878-5883}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: One of the rare but potentially serious side effects of COVID-19 vaccination is arterial and venous thrombosis. Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) cases have been reported post COVID-19 vaccination. Herein, we systematically reviewed the reported cases of AIS after COVID-19 vaccination.<br><br>METHOD: This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. We searched PubMed and Scopus until April 14, 2022 to find studies that reported AIS post COVID-19 vaccination.<br><br>RESULTS: We found 447 articles. From those, 140 duplicates were removed. After screening and excluding irrelevant articles, 29 studies (43 patients) were identified to be included. From all cases, 22 patients (51.1%) were diagnosed with AIS associated with Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT). Among AIS associated with VITT group, all received viral vector vaccines except one. The majority of cases with AIS and VITT were female (17 cases, 77.2%) and aged below 60 years (15 cases, 68%). Fourteen patients (32.5%) had additional thrombosis in other sites. Four of them (0.09%) showed concurrent CVST and ischemic stroke. Hemorrhagic transformation following AIS occurred in 7 patients (16.27%). Among 43 patients with AIS, at least 6 patients (14%) died during hospital admission.<br><br>CONCLUSION: AIS has been reported as a rare complication within 4 weeks post COVID-19 vaccination, particularly with viral vector vaccines. Health care providers should be familiar with this rare consequence of COVID-19 vaccination in particular in the context of VITT to make a timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.}, }
@article {pmid35751951, year = {2022}, author = {Finsterer, J and Matovu, D and Scorza, FA}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations reduce the prevalence of post-COVID Guillain-Barre syndrome.}, journal = {Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil)}, volume = {77}, number = {}, pages = {100064}, doi = {10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100064}, pmid = {35751951}, issn = {1980-5322}, abstract = {Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) has been repeatedly reported as a neurological complication of COVID-19 (post-COVID GBS [PCG]). Whether the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines reduced the prevalence of PCG is unknown. This narrative review aimed to compare the number of published PCG cases between the second half of 2020 (no vaccination available) with those of the first half of 2021 (vaccination available). A total of 124 articles reported 300 patients with PCG between January 2020 and June 2021. The ages ranged from 7 to 94y. There was male dominance. The latency between the onset of COVID-19 and the onset of PCG ranged from -10 to 90d Acute, inflammatory, demyelinating polyneuropathy was diagnosed in 171 patients, acute, motor axonal neuropathy in 24, and acute, motor, and sensory axonal neuropathy in 16 patients. Regarding treatment, 241 patients received immunoglobulins, 28 patients' plasmaphereses, and 7 patients' steroids. Artificial ventilation was required in 59 patients. Full recovery was achieved in 42 cases, partial recovery in 163 cases, and 17 patients died. The number of published PCG patients fell from 192 in the second half of 2020 to 75 patients in the first half of 2021. It is concluded that the prevalence of PCG has decreased since the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations have a positive effect on the prevalence of PCG.}, }
@article {pmid35751930, year = {2022}, author = {Ahmed, JQ and Maulud, SQ and Dhawan, M and Priyanka,  and Choudhary, OP and Jalal, PJ and Ali, RK and Tayib, GA and Hasan, DA}, title = {MicroRNAs in the development of potential therapeutic targets against COVID-19: A narrative review.}, journal = {Journal of infection and public health}, volume = {15}, number = {7}, pages = {788-799}, doi = {10.1016/j.jiph.2022.06.012}, pmid = {35751930}, issn = {1876-035X}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: As the therapeutic regimens against the COVID-19 remain scarce, the microRNAs (miRNAs) can be exploited to generate efficient therapeutic targets. The miRNAs have been found to play pivotal roles in the several regulatory functions influencing the prognosis of viral infection. The miRNAs have a prospective role in the up and down regulation of the ACE2 receptors. This review examines the clinical applications, as well as the possible threats associated with the use of miRNAs to combat the deleterious consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection.<br><br>METHODOLOGY: This article was compiled to evaluate how the miRNAs are involved in the SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and infection, and their potential functions which could help in the development of therapeutic targets against the COVID-19. The sources of the collected information include the several journals, databases and scientific search engines such as the Google scholar, Pubmed, Science direct, official website of WHO, among the other sites. The investigations on the online platform were conducted using the keywords miRNA biogenesis, miRNA and ACE2 interaction, therapeutic role of miRNAs against SARS-CoV-2 and miRNA therapy side effects.<br><br>RESULTS: This review has highlighted that the miRNAs can be exploited to generate potential therapeutic targets against the COVID-19. Changes in the miRNA levels following viral replication are an essential component of the host response to infection. The collection and modification of miRNA modulates may help to minimize the deleterious consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as by controlling or inhibiting the generation of cytokines and chemokines. The degradation of viral RNA by the cellular miRNAs, along with the reduced expression of ACE2 receptors, can substantially reduce the viral load. Specific miRNAs have been found to have an antiviral influence, allowing the immune system to combat the infection or forcing the virus into a latency stage.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This review summarizes several studies revealing the involvement of miRNAs in diverse and complex processes during the infection process of SARS-CoV-2. The miRNAs can substantially reduce the viral load by degradation of viral RNA and reduced expression of ACE2 receptors, besides mitigating the deleterious consequences of the exaggerated secretion of cytokines. Extensive investigations need to be done by the scientific community to utilize the miRNA based strategies for the development of effective therapeutic targets against the COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid35751835, year = {2022}, author = {Nuzzi, V and Del Mestre, E and Degrassi, A and Bromage, DI and Manca, P and Piper, S and Artico, J and Gentile, P and Scott, PA and Chiatto, M and Merlo, M and Pareek, N and Giacca, M and Sinagra, G and McDonagh, TA and Cannata, A}, title = {Cardiovascular Damage in COVID-19: What We Know Two Years Later.}, journal = {Current cardiology reports}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35751835}, issn = {1534-3170}, support = {FS-CRTF-21-2417/BHF_/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has profoundly influenced cardiological clinical and basic research in the past two years. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge on myocardial involvement in COVID-19, providing an overview on the incidence, the pathogenetic mechanisms, and the clinical implications of cardiac injury in this setting.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: The possibility of heart involvement in patients with COVID-19 has received great attention since the beginning of the pandemic. After more than two years, several steps have been taken in understanding the mechanisms and the incidence of cardiac injury during COVID-19 infection. Similarly, studies globally have clarified the implications of co-existing heart disease and COVID-19. Severe COVID-19 infection may be complicated by myocardial injury. To date, a direct damage from the virus has not been demonstrated. The presence of myocardial injury should be systematically assessed for a prognostication purpose and for possible therapeutic implications.}, }
@article {pmid35751776, year = {2022}, author = {Zhao, Y and Wu, X}, title = {Influence of COVID-19 vaccines on endocrine system.}, journal = {Endocrine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35751776}, issn = {1559-0100}, support = {81970714//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a significant health threat globally. Timely and appropriate vaccination is a key step to reduce the morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. The clinical course of COVID-19 infection and the effects of COVID-19 vaccination are influenced by patients' health situations and involve a systemic physiological reaction. Just like an "endocrine phenotype" of COVID-19 infection, endocrine dysfunction after COVID-19 vaccination also acquired clinical concerns. In the present review, we briefly introduce the commonly available vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, summarize the influence of COVID-19 vaccines on the endocrine system, and explore the underlying pathogenic mechanisms.}, }
@article {pmid35750960, year = {2022}, author = {Margioris, AN}, title = {Immunosuppressed non-responders to two doses of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines achieve an immune response comparable to those of immunocompetent individuals after a third dose.}, journal = {Hormones (Athens, Greece)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35750960}, issn = {2520-8721}, abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 vaccines trigger the production of neutralizing antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein and induce a T cell-mediated immune response. However, the antibody titers that confer protection against the SARS-CoV-2 virus are currently not well-established. While immunocompetent individuals achieve a high level of immune response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, it now appears that a high proportion of immunosuppressed or immunocompromised, patients exhibit low or no response to two doses of the vaccines. Most non-responders are on treatment with either glucocorticoids, mycophenolate-mofetil (MMF), the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab, calcineurin inhibitors like cyclosporine and tacrolimus, rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascade inhibitors (i.e., sirolimus and everolimus), azathioprine, or methotrexate given for a variety of diseases including autoimmune disorders, hematological malignancies, and solid cancers, while recipients of solid organ transplants also fall within this category. Recently, several published reports have suggested that a third dose of these vaccines induces an elevated antibody response against the SARS-CoV-2 S protein.}, }
@article {pmid35750943, year = {2022}, author = {Yang, T and Yan, MZ and Li, X and Lau, EHY}, title = {Sequelae of COVID-19 among previously hospitalized patients up to 1 year after discharge: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Infection}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35750943}, issn = {1439-0973}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Although complications and clinical symptoms of COVID-19 have been elucidated, the prevalence of long-term sequelae of COVID-19 is less clear in previously hospitalized COVID-19 patients. This review and meta-analysis present the occurrence of different symptoms up to 1 year of follow-up for previously hospitalized patients.<br><br>METHODS: We performed a systematic review from PubMed and Web of Science using keywords such as "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", "sequelae", "long-term effect" and included studies with at least 3-month of follow-up. Meta-analyses using random-effects models were performed to estimate the pooled prevalence for different sequelae. Subgroup analyses were conducted by different follow-up time, regions, age and ICU admission.<br><br>RESULTS: 72 articles were included in the meta-analyses after screening 11,620 articles, identifying a total of 167 sequelae related to COVID-19 from 88,769 patients. Commonly reported sequelae included fatigue (27.5%, 95% CI 22.4-33.3%, range 1.5-84.9%), somnipathy (20.1%, 95% CI 14.7-26.9%, range 1.2-64.8%), anxiety (18.0%, 95% CI 13.8-23.1%, range 0.6-47.8%), dyspnea (15.5%, 95% CI 11.3-20.9%, range 0.8-58.4%), PTSD (14.6%, 95% CI 11.3-18.7%, range 1.2-32.0%), hypomnesia (13.4%, 95% CI 8.4-20.7%, range 0.6-53.8%), arthralgia (12.9%, 95% CI 8.4-19.2%, range 0.0-47.8%), depression (12.7%, 95% CI 9.3-17.2%, range 0.6-37.5%), alopecia (11.2%, 95% CI 6.9-17.6%, range 0.0-47.0%) over 3-13.2 months of follow-up. The prevalence of most symptoms reduced after > 9 months of follow-up, but fatigue and somnipathy persisted in 26.2% and 15.1%, respectively, of the patients over a year. COVID-19 patients from Asia reported a lower prevalence than those from other regions.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This review identified a wide spectrum of COVID-19 sequelae in previously hospitalized COVID-19 patients, with some symptoms persisting up to 1 year. Management and rehabilitation strategies targeting these symptoms may improve quality of life of recovered patients.}, }
@article {pmid35750063, year = {2022}, author = {Cluver, LD and Sherr, L and Toska, E and Zhou, S and Mellins, CA and Omigbodun, O and Li, X and Bojo, S and Thurman, T and Ameyan, W and Desmond, C and Willis, N and Laurenzi, C and Nombewu, A and Tomlinson, M and Myeketsi, N and , }, title = {From surviving to thriving: integrating mental health care into HIV, community, and family services for adolescents living with HIV.}, journal = {The Lancet. Child &amp; adolescent health}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/S2352-4642(22)00101-8}, pmid = {35750063}, issn = {2352-4650}, abstract = {Adolescents are a crucial generation, with the potential to bring future social and economic success for themselves and their countries. More than 90% of adolescents living with HIV reside in sub-Saharan Africa, where their mental health is set against a background of poverty, familial stress, service gaps, and an HIV epidemic that is now intertwined with the COVID-19 pandemic. In this Series paper, we review systematic reviews, randomised trials, and cohort studies of adolescents living with and affected by HIV. We provide a detailed overview of mental health provision and collate evidence for future approaches. We find that the mental health burden for adolescents living with HIV is high, contributing to low quality of life and challenges with adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Mental health provision is scarce, infrastructure and skilled providers are missing, and leadership is needed. Evidence of effective interventions is emerging, including specific provisions for mental health (eg, cognitive behavioural therapy, problem-solving, mindfulness, and parenting programmes) and broader provisions to prevent drivers of poor mental health (eg, social protection and violence prevention). We provide evidence of longitudinal associations between unconditional government grants and improved mental health. Combinations of economic and social interventions (known as cash plus care) could increase mental health benefits. Scalable delivery models include task sharing, primary care integration, strengthening families, and a pyramid of provision that differentiates between levels of need, from prevention to the care of severe disorders. A turning point has now been reached, from which complacency cannot persist. We conclude that there is substantial need, available frameworks, and a growing evidence base for action while infrastructure and skill acquisition is built.}, }
@article {pmid35750004, year = {2022}, author = {Sarkar, S and Mateus, S}, title = {Doing more with less - How frugal innovations can contribute to improving healthcare systems.}, journal = {Social science &amp; medicine (1982)}, volume = {306}, number = {}, pages = {115127}, doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115127}, pmid = {35750004}, issn = {1873-5347}, abstract = {The dominance of an innovation discourse laden with cutting edge and expensive technologies, may be preventing us from recognizing alternative and complementary perspectives, which could help cut healthcare costs while improving worldwide access to health services. One such complementary approach is that of frugal innovation. Frugal innovation, as a way to produce efficacious and affordable products using fewer resources to reach the underserved customers, has received increasing attention in the social sciences literature. Although frugal innovation is commonly associated with emerging economies, there is now a rising interest from healthcare providers in developed countries, to find and apply effective, and lower-cost solutions. Nonetheless, knowledge on frugal innovation and its role in healthcare is dispersed across different literatures which hampers researchers and practitioners to access a fuller, and integrated picture of the phenomenon. In this study, by synthesizing extant knowledge, we tackle the fragmentation of the phenomenon. We elucidate on who the actors are, what is being done, how are such innovations being developed, and what the outcomes are, providing a framework that lays out the underlying mechanisms of frugal innovation in healthcare (FIH). The midrange theory that we develop, provides a conceptual framework for researchers to undertake empirical observation and models to guide managerial practices. Furthermore, by providing a more unified perspective of frugal innovation in healthcare, we hope to initiate conversations on the development, adequacy and adoption of these innovations in healthcare services, which could increase affordability and access for the population while maintaining quality.}, }
@article {pmid35749928, year = {2022}, author = {Tatem, AJ}, title = {Small area population denominators for improved disease surveillance and response.}, journal = {Epidemics}, volume = {40}, number = {}, pages = {100597}, doi = {10.1016/j.epidem.2022.100597}, pmid = {35749928}, issn = {1878-0067}, abstract = {The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted the value of strong surveillance systems in supporting our abilities to respond rapidly and effectively in mitigating the impacts of infectious diseases. A cornerstone of such systems is basic subnational scale data on populations and their demographics, which enable the scale of outbreaks to be assessed, risk to specific groups to be determined and appropriate interventions to be designed. Ongoing weaknesses and gaps in such data have however been highlighted by the pandemic. These can include outdated or inaccurate census data and a lack of administrative and registry systems to update numbers, particularly in low and middle income settings. Efforts to design and implement globally consistent geospatial modelling methods for the production of small area demographic data that can be flexibly integrated into health-focussed surveillance and information systems have been made, but these often remain based on outdated population data or uncertain projections. In recent years, efforts have been made to capitalise on advances in computing power, satellite imagery and new forms of digital data to construct methods for estimating small area population distributions across national and regional scales in the absence of full enumeration. These are starting to be used to complement more traditional data collection approaches, especially in the delivery of health interventions, but barriers remain to their widespread adoption and use in disease surveillance and response. Here an overview of these approaches is presented, together with discussion of future directions and needs.}, }
@article {pmid35749425, year = {2022}, author = {Files, DC and Tacke, F and O'Sullivan, A and Dorr, P and Ferguson, WG and Powderly, WG}, title = {Rationale of using the dual chemokine receptor CCR2/CCR5 inhibitor cenicriviroc for the treatment of COVID-19.}, journal = {PLoS pathogens}, volume = {18}, number = {6}, pages = {e1010547}, doi = {10.1371/journal.ppat.1010547}, pmid = {35749425}, issn = {1553-7374}, abstract = {Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has created a global pandemic infecting over 230 million people and costing millions of lives. Therapies to attenuate severe disease are desperately needed. Cenicriviroc (CVC), a C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) and C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) antagonist, an agent previously studied in advanced clinical trials for patients with HIV or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), may have the potential to reduce respiratory and cardiovascular organ failures related to COVID-19. Inhibiting the CCR2 and CCR5 pathways could attenuate or prevent inflammation or fibrosis in both early and late stages of the disease and improve outcomes of COVID-19. Clinical trials using CVC either in addition to standard of care (SoC; e.g., dexamethasone) or in combination with other investigational agents in patients with COVID-19 are currently ongoing. These trials intend to leverage the anti-inflammatory actions of CVC for ameliorating the clinical course of COVID-19 and prevent complications. This article reviews the literature surrounding the CCR2 and CCR5 pathways, their proposed role in COVID-19, and the potential role of CVC to improve outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid35748950, year = {2022}, author = {Tutor, JD}, title = {COVID-19 and Dysphagia in Children: A Review.}, journal = {Dysphagia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35748950}, issn = {1432-0460}, abstract = {Coronavirus (COVID-19) infection usually causes mild symptoms in children. However, serious complications may occur as a result of both acute infection or in association with the multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). Dysphagia may develop as a sequela of COVID-19. We review the limited data on dysphagia associated with COVID-19 infection in children. Children can develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to severe COVID-19 infection leading to endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. These children can possibly develop post-intubation dysphagia. Screening for the presence of dysphagia, in an effort to minimize aspiration, in children with active COVID-19 infection must be done carefully to reduce the risk of transmission of the virus. Those children diagnosed with persistent dysphagia after COVID-19 infection has resolved will need further evaluation and management by pediatric subspecialists experienced in treating children with this condition. We recommend, this evaluation and treatment be done by a pediatric aerodigestive team.}, }
@article {pmid35748742, year = {2022}, author = {Prescott, SL and Logan, AC and Bristow, J and Rozzi, R and Moodie, R and Redvers, N and Haahtela, T and Warber, S and Poland, B and Hancock, T and Berman, B}, title = {Exiting the Anthropocene: Achieving Personal and Planetary Health in the 21st Century.}, journal = {Allergy}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/all.15419}, pmid = {35748742}, issn = {1398-9995}, abstract = {Planetary health provides a perspective of ecological interdependence that connects the health and vitality of individuals, communities, and Earth's natural systems. It includes the social, political, and economic ecosystems that influence both individuals and whole societies. In an era of interconnected grand challenges threatening health of all systems at all scales, planetary health provides a framework for cross-sectoral collaboration and unified systems approaches to solutions. The field of allergy is at the forefront of these efforts. Allergic conditions are a sentinel measure of environmental impact on human health in early life-illuminating how ecological changes affect immune development and predispose to a wider range of inflammatory noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). This shows how adverse macroscale ecology in the Anthropocene penetrates to the molecular level of personal and microscale ecology, including the microbial systems at the foundations of all ecosystems. It provides the basis for more integrated efforts to address widespread environmental degradation and adverse effects of maladaptive urbanisation, food systems, lifestyle behaviours, and socioeconomic disadvantage. Nature-based solutions and efforts to improve nature-relatedness are crucial for restoring symbiosis, balance, and mutualism in every sense, recognizing that both personal lifestyle choices and collective structural actions are needed in tandem. Ultimately, meaningful ecological approaches will depend on placing greater emphasis on psychological and cultural dimensions such as mindfulness, values, and moral wisdom to ensure a sustainable and resilient future.}, }
@article {pmid35748720, year = {2022}, author = {Giorgi, V and Sirotti, S and Romano, ME and Marotto, D and Ablin, JN and Salaffi, F and Sarzi-Puttini, P}, title = {Fibromyalgia: one year in review 2022.}, journal = {Clinical and experimental rheumatology}, volume = {40}, number = {6}, pages = {1065-1072}, doi = {10.55563/clinexprheumatol/if9gk2}, pmid = {35748720}, issn = {0392-856X}, abstract = {Fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) is a chronic widespread pain syndrome characterised by fatigue, sleep disturbances and many idiopathic pain symptoms. The aim of this review is to describe and summarise the most recent findings concerning the diagnosis, aetiopathogenesis and treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome published between January 2021 and January 2022 and appearing on PubMed database. In particular, last year's literature focused on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on FM patients, on new aetiopathogenetic horizons and the last conclusions about pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.}, }
@article {pmid35748258, year = {2022}, author = {Bertozzi, G and Ferrara, M and Maiese, A and Di Fazio, N and Delogu, G and Frati, P and La Russa, R and Fineschi, V}, title = {COVID-19 and H1N1-09: A Systematic Review of Two Pandemics with a Focus on the Lung at Autopsy.}, journal = {Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition)}, volume = {27}, number = {6}, pages = {182}, doi = {10.31083/j.fbl2706182}, pmid = {35748258}, issn = {2768-6698}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a comparative overview of the two global pandemics: the first on June 11th 2009 due to influenza A H1N1 (H1N1-09); the second and current pandemic caused by coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) on March 11th 2020, focusing on how autopsy can contribute to the definition of cellular pathology, to clinical pathology and, more generally, to public health.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic literature search selection was conducted on PubMed database on June 5, 2021, with this search strategy: (COVID-19) AND (H1N1 influenza) showing 101 results. The following inclusion criteria were selected: English language; published in a scholarly peer-reviewed journal; full-length articles were further elected. To further refine the research was to focus on the type of manuscript: review, systematic review, and meta-analysis. A critical appraisal of the collected studies was conducted, analyzing titles and abstracts, excluding the following topics: treatment, public health measures and perception of the general population or healthcare personnel about their quality of life. According to these procedures, 54 eligible studies were included in the present review.<br><br>RESULTS: Histopathological findings play a key role in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of diseases and, thus possible therapeutic approaches. The evidence on the thrombo-inflammatory mechanism underlying COVID-19 is growing to a much greater magnitude than the diffuse alveolar damage in common with H1N1-09; our study appears to be in line with these results. The prevailing scientific thinking to explain the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 patients is that it elicits an exuberant immune reaction characterized by dysregulated cytokine production, known as a "cytokine storm".<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The histological and immunohistochemical pattern demonstrated similarities and differences between the infectious manifestations of the two pathogens, which justify empirical therapeutic approaches, in the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the previous pandemic should have taught us to promote a culture of clinical and forensic autopsies in order to provide timely evidence from integration among autopsy and clinical data for early adopting adequate therapies.}, }
@article {pmid35747886, year = {2022}, author = {Wan, MM and Lee, A and Kapadia, R and Hahn, C}, title = {Case Series of Guillain-Barré Syndrome After the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) Vaccine.}, journal = {Neurology. Clinical practice}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {149-153}, doi = {10.1212/CPJ.0000000000001148}, pmid = {35747886}, issn = {2163-0402}, abstract = {Purpose of Review: Vaccination has been associated with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). Amid a global vaccination campaign to stop the spread of COVID-19, fears of GBS can contribute to vaccine hesitancy. We describe 3 cases of GBS in Calgary, Canada, presenting within 2 weeks of receiving the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (COVISHIELD) Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccination and review the available literature.<br><br>Recent Findings: All 3 patients presented to the hospital in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, within a one-month time frame with GBS. Their clinical courses ranged from mild to severe impairment, all requiring immunomodulatory treatment.<br><br>Summary: There is currently little evidence to support a causal relationship between vaccination and GBS. Furthermore, there is limited evidence to support recurrent GBS in patients with GBS temporally associated with vaccination. Neurologists should approach discussions with patients regarding GBS after vaccination carefully so as not to misrepresent this relationship and to educate patients that the risk of COVID-19 infection outweighs the small individual risk of a vaccine-associated adverse event.}, }
@article {pmid35747600, year = {2022}, author = {Khoja, O and Silva Passadouro, B and Mulvey, M and Delis, I and Astill, S and Tan, AL and Sivan, M}, title = {Clinical Characteristics and Mechanisms of Musculoskeletal Pain in Long COVID.}, journal = {Journal of pain research}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {1729-1748}, doi = {10.2147/JPR.S365026}, pmid = {35747600}, issn = {1178-7090}, abstract = {Objective: Musculoskeletal (MSK) pain is being increasingly reported by patients as one of the most common persistent symptoms in post-COVID-19 syndrome or Long COVID. However, there is a lack of understanding of its prevalence, characteristics, and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. The objective of this review is to identify and describe the features and characteristics of MSK pain in Long COVID patients.<br><br>Methods: The narrative review involved a literature search of the following online databases: MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE (OVID), CINAHL, PsyclNFO, and Web of Science (December 2019 to February 2022). We included observational studies that investigated the prevalence, characteristics, risk factors and mechanisms of MSK pain in Long COVID. After screening and reviewing the initial literature search results, a total of 35 studies were included in this review.<br><br>Results: The overall reported prevalence of MSK pain in Long COVID ranged widely from 0.3% to 65.2%. The pain has been reported to be localized to a particular region or generalized and widespread. No consistent pattern of progression of MSK pain symptoms over time was identified. Female gender and higher BMI could be potential risk factors for Long COVID MSK pain, but no clear association has been found with age and ethnicity. Different pathophysiological mechanisms have been hypothesized to contribute to MSK pain in Long COVID including increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, immune cell hyperactivation, direct viral entry of neurological and MSK system cells, and psychological factors.<br><br>Conclusion: MSK pain is one of the most common symptoms in Long COVID. Most of the current literature on Long COVID focuses on reporting the prevalence of persistent MSK pain. Studies describing the pain characteristics are scarce. The precise mechanism of MSK pain in Long COVID is yet to be investigated. Future research must explore the characteristics, risk factors, natural progression, and underlying mechanisms of MSK pain in Long COVID.}, }
@article {pmid35747530, year = {2022}, author = {Dahanayake, MH and Athukorala, SS and Jayasundera, ACA}, title = {Recent breakthroughs in nanostructured antiviral coating and filtration materials: a brief review.}, journal = {RSC advances}, volume = {12}, number = {26}, pages = {16369-16385}, doi = {10.1039/d2ra01567f}, pmid = {35747530}, issn = {2046-2069}, abstract = {COVID-19 persists as the most challenging pandemic of the 21st century with a high rate of transmission. The main pathway of SARS-CoV-2 transmission is aerosol-mediated infection transfer through virus-laden droplets that are expelled by infected people, whereas indirect transmission occurs when contact is made with a contaminated surface. This mini review delivers an overview of the current state of knowledge, research directions, and applications by examining the most recent developments in antiviral surface coatings and filters and analyzing their efficiencies. Reusable masks and other personal protective devices with antiviral properties and self-decontamination could be valuable tools in the fight against viral spread. Moreover, antiviral surface coatings that repel pathogens by preventing adhesion or neutralize pathogens with self-sanitizing ability are assumed to be the most desirable for terminating indirect transmission of viruses. Although many nanomaterials have shown high antiviral capacities, additional research is unquestionably required to develop next-generation antiviral agents with unique characteristics to face future viral outbreaks.}, }
@article {pmid35747492, year = {2022}, author = {Padín-González, E and Lancaster, P and Bottini, M and Gasco, P and Tran, L and Fadeel, B and Wilkins, T and Monopoli, MP}, title = {Understanding the Role and Impact of Poly (Ethylene Glycol) (PEG) on Nanoparticle Formulation: Implications for COVID-19 Vaccines.}, journal = {Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {882363}, doi = {10.3389/fbioe.2022.882363}, pmid = {35747492}, issn = {2296-4185}, abstract = {Poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) is a widely used polymer in a variety of consumer products and in medicine. PEGylation refers to the conjugation of PEG to drugs or nanoparticles to increase circulation time and reduce unwanted host responses. PEG is viewed as being well-tolerated, but previous studies have identified anti-PEG antibodies and so-called pseudoallergic reactions in certain individuals. The increased use of nanoparticles as contrast agents or in drug delivery, along with the introduction of mRNA vaccines encapsulated in PEGylated lipid nanoparticles has brought this issue to the fore. Thus, while these vaccines have proven to be remarkably effective, rare cases of anaphylaxis have been reported, and this has been tentatively ascribed to the PEGylated carriers, which may trigger complement activation in susceptible individuals. Here, we provide a general overview of the use of PEGylated nanoparticles for pharmaceutical applications, and we discuss the activation of the complement cascade that might be caused by PEGylated nanomedicines for a better understanding of these immunological adverse reactions.}, }
@article {pmid35747408, year = {2022}, author = {Chang, AY and Babb, KN}, title = {One-Year Report of COVID-19 Impact on Geriatric Patients: a Bio-Psycho-Social Approach.}, journal = {Canadian geriatrics journal : CGJ}, volume = {25}, number = {2}, pages = {212-221}, doi = {10.5770/cgj.25.553}, pmid = {35747408}, issn = {1925-8348}, abstract = {Background: Since December of 2019, coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly around the world. Our understanding of the infection has grown over the past year, and its impact on older adults is particularly significant. Apart from the direct impacts of COVID-19 infections, it has also led to lockdowns which, in turn, result in isolation and loneliness.<br><br>Method: We conducted a literature review of publicly available articles of the COVID-19 pandemic impact on the geriatric population between December 2019 and April 2021, a total of 748 articles.<br><br>Results: The review will be presented with the Bio-Psycho-Social model, covering how the biological, psychological, and sociological aspects of health are intertwined and impact older adults. Early studies have also highlighted the prevalence of post-COVID infection symptoms that typically fall under geriatric medicine care. We highlight the bidirectional impact of isolation and COVID-19 infections on geriatric health, as well as discuss pertinent topics such as vaccine efficacy, long-term sequelae of COVID-19 infections, and ageism.<br><br>Conclusion: This review seeks to present a one-year report of what is known about COVID-19 and geriatric medicine, as well as provide guidance to practitioners who care for older adults based on the most up-to-date literature.}, }
@article {pmid35747328, year = {2022}, author = {Rajpal, VR and Sharma, S and Sehgal, D and Singh, A and Kumar, A and Vaishnavi, S and Tiwari, M and Bhalla, H and Goel, S and Raina, SN}, title = {A comprehensive account of SARS-CoV-2 genome structure, incurred mutations, lineages and COVID-19 vaccination program.}, journal = {Future virology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.2217/fvl-2021-0277}, pmid = {35747328}, issn = {1746-0794}, abstract = {This review collates information on the onset of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 genome architecture, emergence of novel viral lineages that drove multiple waves of infection around the world and standard and fast track development of vaccines. With the passage of time, the continuously evolving SARS-CoV-2 has acquired an expanded mutational landscape. The functional characterization of spike protein mutations, the primary target of diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines has revealed increased transmission, pathogenesis and immune escape potential in the variant lineages of the virus. The incurred mutations have also resulted in substantial viral neutralization escape to vaccines, monoclonal, polyclonal and convalescent antibodies presently in use. The present situation suggests the need for development of precise next-generation vaccines and therapeutics by targeting the more conservative genomic viral regions for providing adequate protection.}, }
@article {pmid35747190, year = {2022}, author = {Täuber, S and Loyens, K and Oertelt-Prigione, S and Kubbe, I}, title = {Harassment as a consequence and cause of inequality in academia: A narrative review.}, journal = {EClinicalMedicine}, volume = {49}, number = {}, pages = {101486}, doi = {10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101486}, pmid = {35747190}, issn = {2589-5370}, abstract = {A growing body of literature suggests that over the past 30 years, policies aimed at tackling harassment in academia have had little discernable effect. How can this impasse be overcome to make the higher education sector a safe space for everyone? We combine the areas of harassment and inequality, intersectionality, policy-practice gaps, gender sensitive medicine, as well as corruption and whistleblower processes to identify lacunae and offer recommendations for how to apply our recommendations in practice. We have been searching the most influential, relevant, and recent literature on harassment and inequality in our respective fields of expertise. By studying conceptual overlaps between the different fields, we were able to create insights that go beyond the insights of the most recent reviews. Our synthesis results in three concrete recommendations. First, harassment and inequality are mutually reinforcing. Failure to adequately tackle harassment contributes to perpetuating and reproducing inequality. Further, the intersectional nature of inequality has to be acknowledged and acted upon. Second, enforcing anti-harassment policies should be a top priority for universities, funders, and policymakers. Third, sexual harassment should be treated as institutional-level integrity failure. The higher education sector should now focus on enforcing existing anti-harassment policies by holding universities accountable for their effective implementation - or risk being complicit in maintaining and reproducing inequality.<br><br>Funding: We have received no funding for this research.}, }
@article {pmid35747101, year = {2022}, author = {Mezzina, R and Gopikumar, V and Jenkins, J and Saraceno, B and Sashidharan, SP}, title = {Social Vulnerability and Mental Health Inequalities in the "Syndemic": Call for Action.}, journal = {Frontiers in psychiatry}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {894370}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2022.894370}, pmid = {35747101}, issn = {1664-0640}, abstract = {Covid-19 is referred to as a "syndemic," i.e., the consequences of the disease are exacerbated by social and economic disparity. Poor housing, unstable work conditions, caste, class, race and gender based inequities and low incomes have a profound effect on mental health and wellbeing. Such disparities are increasing between, among and within countries and are exacerbated by human rights violations, in institution and in society, stigma and discrimination. Social capital can mediate health outcomes, through trust and reciprocity, political participation, and by mental health service systems, which can be coercive or more open to demand of emancipation and freedom. Societal inequalities affect especially vulnerable groups, and Covid itself had a wider impact on the most socially vulnerable and marginalized populations, suffering for structural discrimination and violence. There are complex relations among these social processes and domains, and mental health inequalities and disparity. Participation and engagement of citizens and community organizations is now required in order to achieve a radical transformation in mental health. A Local and Global Action Plan has been launched recently, by a coalition of organizations representing people with lived experience of mental health care; who use services; family members, mental health professionals, policy makers and researchers, such as the International Mental Health Collaborating Network, the World Federation for Mental Health, the World Association for Psychosocial Rehabilitation, the Global Alliance of Mental Illness Advocacy Networks (GAMIAN), The Mental Health Resource Hub in Chennai, India, The Movement for Global Mental Health (MGMH) and others. The Action Plan addresses the need for fundamental change by focusing on social determinants and achieving equity in mental health care. Equally the need for the politics of wellbeing has to be embedded in a system that places mental health within development and social justice paradigm, enhancing core human capabilities and contrasting discriminatory practices. These targets are for people and organizations to adopt locally within their communities and services, and also to indicate possible innovative solutions to Politics. This global endeavor may represent an alternative to the global mental discourse inspired by the traditional biomedical model.}, }
@article {pmid35746989, year = {2022}, author = {Kemp Van Ee, S and McKelvey, H and Williams, T and Shao, B and Lin, WT and Luu, J and Sunny, D and Kumar, S and Narayan, S and Urdaneta, A and Perez, L and Schwab, H and Riegle, S and Jacobs, RJ}, title = {Telemedicine Intensive Care Unit (Tele-ICU) Implementation During COVID-19: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {14}, number = {5}, pages = {e25133}, doi = {10.7759/cureus.25133}, pmid = {35746989}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {Telemedicine intensive care unit (Tele-ICU) programs entail command centers staffed with intensivists and critical care nurses who electronically aid with and deliver real-time information to frontline clinicians. The benefits of Tele-ICU are numerous, but the barriers to it often prove insurmountable, accounting for slow adoption in rural and underserved areas where it is needed the most. Remote monitoring can quickly detect patient deterioration, while consultation provided by a remote intensivist expands the capabilities of smaller facilities. The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought about a sense of urgency, paving the way for the successful adaptation of tele-intensive care concepts. The goal of this scoping review is to map out the available published data regarding healthcare professionals' experiences with implementing Tele-ICU modalities during the COVID-19 pandemic. A primary literature search was performed on PubMed/MEDLINE and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases from October 2020 to October 2021. Of the 1,083 records screened, 19 were identified as meeting our inclusion criteria and selected for the final scoping review. Five major areas of Tele-ICU use were identified: teleconsultation, telerounding, telemonitoring, family visitation via teleconference, and changing of hospital infrastructure. A heterogeneous mix of improvised Tele-ICU platforms emerged with a common theme of interdisciplinary and family collaboration in the care of critically ill patients. Existing Tele-ICU systems were expanded, and novel programs were launched. A groundbreaking national network in the U.S. (NETCCN) will standardize the deployment of Tele-ICU and expand its reach. Future research should focus on determining accurate costs and the most reliable forms of remote communication, physician compact agreement licensure, the practical composition of Tele-ICU teams, and standardized access to the electronic health record.}, }
@article {pmid35746815, year = {2022}, author = {Yip, AJW and Low, ZY and Chow, VTK and Lal, SK}, title = {Repurposing Molnupiravir for COVID-19: The Mechanisms of Antiviral Activity.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {14}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/v14061345}, pmid = {35746815}, issn = {1999-4915}, abstract = {Molnupiravir is a β-d-N4-hydroxycytidine-5'-isopropyl ester (NHC) compound that exerts antiviral activity against various RNA viruses such as influenza, SARS, and Ebola viruses. Thus, the repurposing of Molnupiravir has gained significant attention for combatting infection with SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of COVID-19. Recently, Molnupiravir was granted authorization for the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in adults. Findings from in vitro experiments, in vivo studies and clinical trials reveal that Molnupiravir is effective against SARS-CoV-2 by inducing viral RNA mutagenesis, thereby giving rise to mutated complementary RNA strands that generate non-functional viruses. To date, the data collectively suggest that Molnupiravir possesses promising antiviral activity as well as favorable prophylactic efficacy, attributed to its effective mutagenic property of disrupting viral replication. This review discusses the mechanisms of action of Molnupiravir and highlights its clinical utility by disabling SARS-CoV-2 replication, thereby ameliorating COVID-19 severity. Despite relatively few short-term adverse effects thus far, further detailed clinical studies and long-term pharmacovigilance are needed in view of its mutagenic effects.}, }
@article {pmid35746808, year = {2022}, author = {Bello-Morales, R and Andreu, S and Ruiz-Carpio, V and Ripa, I and López-Guerrero, JA}, title = {Extracellular Polymeric Substances: Still Promising Antivirals.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {14}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/v14061337}, pmid = {35746808}, issn = {1999-4915}, abstract = {Sulfated polysaccharides and other polyanions have been promising candidates in antiviral research for decades. These substances gained attention as antivirals when they demonstrated a high inhibitory effect in vitro against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other enveloped viruses. However, that initial interest was followed by wide skepticism when in vivo assays refuted the initial results. In this paper we review the use of sulfated polysaccharides, and other polyanions, in antiviral therapy, focusing on extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). We maintain that, in spite of those early difficulties, the use of polyanions and, specifically, the use of EPSs, in antiviral therapy should be reconsidered. We base our claim in several points. First, early studies showed that the main disadvantage of sulfated polysaccharides and polyanions is their low bioavailability, but this difficulty can be overcome by the use of adequate administration strategies, such as nebulization of aerosols to gain access to respiratory airways. Second, several sulfated polysaccharides and EPSs have demonstrated to be non-toxic in animals. Finally, these macromolecules are non-specific and therefore they might be used against different variants or even different viruses.}, }
@article {pmid35746807, year = {2022}, author = {Nishimura, L and Fujito, N and Sugimoto, R and Inoue, I}, title = {Detection of Ancient Viruses and Long-Term Viral Evolution.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {14}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/v14061336}, pmid = {35746807}, issn = {1999-4915}, support = {JP18H05506//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; JP21J22509//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 outbreak has reminded us of the importance of viral evolutionary studies as regards comprehending complex viral evolution and preventing future pandemics. A unique approach to understanding viral evolution is the use of ancient viral genomes. Ancient viruses are detectable in various archaeological remains, including ancient people's skeletons and mummified tissues. Those specimens have preserved ancient viral DNA and RNA, which have been vigorously analyzed in the last few decades thanks to the development of sequencing technologies. Reconstructed ancient pathogenic viral genomes have been utilized to estimate the past pandemics of pathogenic viruses within the ancient human population and long-term evolutionary events. Recent studies revealed the existence of non-pathogenic viral genomes in ancient people's bodies. These ancient non-pathogenic viruses might be informative for inferring their relationships with ancient people's diets and lifestyles. Here, we reviewed the past and ongoing studies on ancient pathogenic and non-pathogenic viruses and the usage of ancient viral genomes to understand their long-term viral evolution.}, }
@article {pmid35746793, year = {2022}, author = {Srinivasan, A and Wong, F and Couch, LS and Wang, BX}, title = {Cardiac Complications of COVID-19 in Low-Risk Patients.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {14}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/v14061322}, pmid = {35746793}, issn = {1999-4915}, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in over 6 million deaths and significant morbidity across the globe. Alongside common respiratory symptoms, COVID-19 is associated with a variety of cardiovascular complications in the acute and post-acute phases of infection. The suggested pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie these complications include direct viral infection of the myocardium via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein and a cytokine release syndrome that results in indirect inflammatory damage to the heart. Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease and co-morbidities are generally more susceptible to the cardiac manifestations of COVID-19. However, studies have identified a variety of complications in low-risk individuals, including young adults and children. Myocarditis and paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 (PIMS) are among the adverse events reported in the acute phase of infection. Furthermore, patients have reported cardiac symptoms persisting beyond the acute phase in post-COVID syndrome. This review summarises the acute and chronic cardiac consequences of COVID-19 in low-risk patients, explores the pathophysiology behind them, and discusses new predictive factors for poor outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid35746782, year = {2022}, author = {Delgado-Diaz, DJ and Sakthivel, D and Nguyen, HHT and Farrokzhad, K and Hopper, W and Narh, CA and Richards, JS}, title = {Strategies That Facilitate Extraction-Free SARS-CoV-2 Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {14}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/v14061311}, pmid = {35746782}, issn = {1999-4915}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented global demand for in vitro diagnostic reagents. Supply shortages and hoarding have impacted testing capacity which has led to inefficient COVID-19 case identification and transmission control, predominantly in developing countries. Traditionally, RNA extraction is a prerequisite for conducting SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT); however, simplified methods of sample processing have been successful at bypassing typical nucleic acid extraction steps, enabling extraction-free SARS-CoV-2 NAAT workflows. These methods involve chemical and physical approaches that are inexpensive and easily accessible alternatives to overcome extraction kit supply shortages, while offering acceptable test performance. Here we provide an overview of three main sample preparation strategies that have been shown to facilitate extraction-free SARS-CoV-2 NAATs.}, }
@article {pmid35746726, year = {2022}, author = {Ghimire, D and Han, Y and Lu, M}, title = {Structural Plasticity and Immune Evasion of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Variants.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {14}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/v14061255}, pmid = {35746726}, issn = {1999-4915}, abstract = {The global pandemic of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has significantly affected every human life and overloaded the health care system worldwide. Limited therapeutic options combined with the consecutive waves of the infection and emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants, especially variants of concern (VOCs), have prolonged the COVID-19 pandemic and challenged its control. The Spike (S) protein on the surface of SARS-CoV-2 is the primary target exposed to the host and essential for virus entry into cells. The parental (Wuhan-Hu-1 or USA/WA1 strain) S protein is the virus-specific component of currently implemented vaccines. However, S is most prone to mutations, potentially shifting the dynamics of virus-host interactions by affecting S conformational/structural profiles. Scientists have rapidly resolved atomic structures of S VOCs and elucidated molecular details of these mutations, which can inform the design of S-directed novel therapeutics and broadly protective vaccines. Here, we discuss recent findings on S-associated virus transmissibility and immune evasion of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs and experimental approaches used to profile these properties. We summarize the structural studies that document the structural flexibility/plasticity of S VOCs and the potential roles of accumulated mutations on S structures and functions. We focus on the molecular interpretation of structures of the S variants and its insights into the molecular mechanism underlying antibody evasion and host cell-receptor binding.}, }
@article {pmid35746718, year = {2022}, author = {Znaidia, M and Demeret, C and van der Werf, S and Komarova, AV}, title = {Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Evasion: Interferon Pathway and Therapeutic Options.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {14}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/v14061247}, pmid = {35746718}, issn = {1999-4915}, support = {101003589//European Union's Horizon 2020/ ; URGENCE COVID-19//Institut Pasteur/ ; ANR-20-COVI-0063, ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID//ANR/ ; AAP Flash-Covid 19 SARS-Cov-2immunRNAs//FRM (ANR)/ ; }, abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is characterized by an important capacity to circumvent the innate immune response. The early interferon (IFN) response is necessary to establish a robust antiviral state. However, this response is weak and delayed in COVID-19 patients, along with massive pro-inflammatory cytokine production. This dysregulated innate immune response contributes to pathogenicity and in some individuals leads to a critical state. Characterizing the interplay between viral factors and host innate immunity is crucial to better understand how to manage the disease. Moreover, the constant emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants challenges the efficacy of existing vaccines. Thus, to control this virus and readjust the antiviral therapy currently used to treat COVID-19, studies should constantly be re-evaluated to further decipher the mechanisms leading to SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Regarding the role of the IFN response in SARS-CoV-2 infection, in this review we summarize the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 evades innate immune recognition. More specifically, we explain how this virus inhibits IFN signaling pathways (IFN-I/IFN-III) and controls interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression. We also discuss the development and use of IFNs and potential drugs controlling the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2, helping to clear the infection.}, }
@article {pmid35746710, year = {2022}, author = {Focosi, D and Maggi, F}, title = {Recombination in Coronaviruses, with a Focus on SARS-CoV-2.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {14}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/v14061239}, pmid = {35746710}, issn = {1999-4915}, abstract = {Recombination is a common evolutionary tool for RNA viruses, and coronaviruses are no exception. We review here the evidence for recombination in SARS-CoV-2 and reconcile nomenclature for recombinants, discuss their origin and fitness, and speculate how recombinants could make a difference in the future of the COVID-19 pandemics.}, }
@article {pmid35746659, year = {2022}, author = {Chen, TH and Hsu, MT and Lee, MY and Chou, CK}, title = {Gastrointestinal Involvement in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {14}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/v14061188}, pmid = {35746659}, issn = {1999-4915}, abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 has evolved into a virus that primarily results in mild or asymptomatic disease, making its transmission more challenging to control. In addition to the respiratory tract, SARS-CoV-2 also infects the digestive tract. Some gastrointestinal symptoms occur with or before respiratory symptoms in patients with COVID-19. Respiratory infections are known to cause intestinal immune impairment and gastrointestinal symptoms. When the intestine is inflamed, cytokines affect the lung immune response and inflammation through blood circulation. The gastrointestinal microbiome may be a modifiable factor in determining the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity. The development of oral SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates and the maintenance of gut microbiota profiles may contribute to the early control of COVID-19 outbreaks. To this end, this review summarizes information on the gastrointestinal complications caused by SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 infection, the gastrointestinal-lung axis immune response, potential control strategies for oral vaccine candidates and maintaining intestinal microbiota homeostasis.}, }
@article {pmid35746638, year = {2022}, author = {Cimini, E and Agrati, C}, title = {γδ T Cells in Emerging Viral Infection: An Overview.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {14}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/v14061166}, pmid = {35746638}, issn = {1999-4915}, abstract = {New emerging viruses belonging to the Coronaviridae, Flaviviridae, and Filoviridae families are serious threats to public health and represent a global concern. The surveillance to monitor the emergence of new viruses and their transmission is an important target for public health authorities. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an excellent example of a pathogen able to cause a pandemic. In a few months, SARS-CoV-2 has spread globally from China, and it has become a world health problem. Gammadelta (γδ) T cell are sentinels of innate immunity and are able to protect the host from viral infections. They enrich many tissues, such as the skin, intestines, and lungs where they can sense and fight the microbes, thus contributing to the protective immune response. γδ T cells perform their direct antiviral activity by cytolytic and non-cytolytic mechanisms against a wide range of viruses, and they are able to orchestrate the cellular interplay between innate and acquired immunity. For their pleiotropic features, γδ T cells have been proposed as a target for immunotherapies in both cancer and viral infections. In this review, we analyzed the role of γδ T cells in emerging viral infections to define the profile of the response and to better depict their role in the host protection.}, }
@article {pmid35746609, year = {2022}, author = {Dmytrenko, O and Lavine, KJ}, title = {Cardiovascular Tropism and Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {14}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/v14061137}, pmid = {35746609}, issn = {1999-4915}, abstract = {The extrapulmonary manifestation of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), became apparent early in the ongoing pandemic. It is now recognized that cells of the cardiovascular system are targets of SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated disease pathogenesis. While some details are emerging, much remains to be understood pertaining to the mechanistic basis by which SARS-CoV-2 contributes to acute and chronic manifestations of COVID-19. This knowledge has the potential to improve clinical management for the growing populations of patients impacted by COVID-19. Here, we review the epidemiology and pathophysiology of cardiovascular sequelae of COVID-19 and outline proposed disease mechanisms, including direct SARS-CoV-2 infection of major cardiovascular cell types and pathogenic effects of non-infectious viral particles and elicited inflammatory mediators. Finally, we identify the major outstanding questions in cardiovascular COVID-19 research.}, }
@article {pmid35746569, year = {2022}, author = {Mingot-Castellano, ME and Butta, N and Canaro, M and Gómez Del Castillo Solano, MDC and Sánchez-González, B and Jiménez-Bárcenas, R and Pascual-Izquierdo, C and Caballero-Navarro, G and Entrena Ureña, L and José González-López, T and On Behalf Of The Gepti, }, title = {COVID-19 Vaccines and Autoimmune Hematologic Disorders.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/vaccines10060961}, pmid = {35746569}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {Worldwide vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 has allowed the detection of hematologic autoimmune complications. Adverse events (AEs) of this nature had been previously observed in association with other vaccines. The underlying mechanisms are not totally understood, although mimicry between viral and self-antigens plays a relevant role. It is important to remark that, although the incidence of these AEs is extremely low, their evolution may lead to life-threatening scenarios if treatment is not readily initiated. Hematologic autoimmune AEs have been associated with both mRNA and adenoviral vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. The main reported entities are secondary immune thrombocytopenia, immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, Evans syndrome, and a newly described disorder, so-called vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT). The hallmark of VITT is the presence of anti-platelet factor 4 autoantibodies able to trigger platelet activation. Patients with VITT present with thrombocytopenia and may develop thrombosis in unusual locations such as cerebral beds. The management of hematologic autoimmune AEs does not differ significantly from that of these disorders in a non-vaccine context, thus addressing autoantibody production and bleeding/thromboembolic risk. This means that clinicians must be aware of their distinctive signs in order to diagnose them and initiate treatment as soon as possible.}, }
@article {pmid35746562, year = {2022}, author = {Malchrzak, W and Babicki, M and Pokorna-Kałwak, D and Doniec, Z and Mastalerz-Migas, A}, title = {COVID-19 Vaccination and Ukrainian Refugees in Poland during Russian-Ukrainian War-Narrative Review.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/vaccines10060955}, pmid = {35746562}, issn = {2076-393X}, support = {SUBZ.C290.22.090//Wrocław Medical University/ ; }, abstract = {The outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian war contributed to the largest migration movement in the 21st century. As a result, over 3 million refugees, mainly women, children and the elderly, arrived in Poland in a short space of time. Despite the ongoing war, it is important to remember that the COVID-19 pandemic is still present in the world, and before the outbreak of the war, Ukraine was struggling with its fifth wave. Furthermore, Ukraine has one of the lowest vaccination rates in Europe, not exceeding 40%. It is, therefore, reasonable to suspect that the vast majority of migrants have not been vaccinated. This situation may pose a significant epidemiological risk. Therefore, it is necessary to implement appropriate steps to determine the vaccination status of refugees and to supplement the vaccination with both the core and booster doses. In response to these needs, the government of Poland, like many other countries, has made it possible to provide free COVID-19 vaccination to persons fleeing war. In the face of massive migration, the overriding priority should be to ensure adequate medical care for refugees, including free COVID-19 vaccinations. However, it seems that the lack of willingness to vaccinate among Ukrainians is also replicated on migration. It seems reasonable that appropriate steps should be taken to increase awareness and confidence in vaccination, which may ultimately translate into increased vaccination uptake. Analyzing previous experiences, it is advisable to consider that the first step should be to promote vaccination and remind refugees of the possibility of free COVID-19 vaccination. Additionally, refugees should be encouraged to be vaccinated during every contact with health care workers.}, }
@article {pmid35746559, year = {2022}, author = {Richardson, PJ and Robinson, BWS and Smith, DP and Stebbing, J}, title = {The AI-Assisted Identification and Clinical Efficacy of Baricitinib in the Treatment of COVID-19.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/vaccines10060951}, pmid = {35746559}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {During the current pandemic, the vast majority of COVID-19 patients experienced mild symptoms, but some had a potentially fatal aberrant hyperinflammatory immune reaction characterized by high levels of IL-6 and other cytokines. Modulation of this immune reaction has proven to be the only method of reducing mortality in severe and critical COVID-19. The anti-inflammatory drug baricitinib (Olumiant) has recently been strongly recommended by the WHO for use in COVID-19 patients because it reduces the risk of progressive disease and death. It is a Janus Kinase (JAK) 1/2 inhibitor approved for rheumatoid arthritis which was suggested in early 2020 as a treatment for COVID-19. In this review the AI-assisted identification of baricitinib, its antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, and efficacy in clinical trials are discussed and compared with those of other immune modulators including glucocorticoids, IL-6 and IL-1 receptor blockers and other JAK inhibitors. Baricitinib inhibits both virus infection and cytokine signalling and is not only important for COVID-19 management but is "non-immunological", and so should remain effective if new SARS-CoV-2 variants escape immune control. The repurposing of baricitinib is an example of how advanced artificial intelligence (AI) can quickly identify new drug candidates that have clinical benefit in previously unsuspected therapeutic areas.}, }
@article {pmid35746556, year = {2022}, author = {Peterson, CJ and Lee, B and Nugent, K}, title = {COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy among Healthcare Workers-A Review.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/vaccines10060948}, pmid = {35746556}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated vaccine have highlighted vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers (HCWs). Vaccine hesitancy among this group existed prior to the pandemic and particularly centered around influenza vaccination. Being a physician, having more advanced education, and previous vaccination habits are frequently associated with vaccine acceptance. The relationship between age and caring for patients on COVID-19 vaccination is unclear, with studies providing opposing results. Reasons for hesitancy include concerns about safety and efficacy, mistrust of government and institutions, waiting for more data, and feeling that personal rights are being infringed upon. Many of these reasons reflect previous attitudes about influenza vaccination as well as political beliefs and views of personal autonomy. Finally, several interventions to encourage vaccination have been studied, including education programs and non-monetary incentives with the most effective studies using a combination of methods.}, }
@article {pmid35746526, year = {2022}, author = {Hoteit, R and Yassine, HM}, title = {Biological Properties of SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Epidemiological Impact and Clinical Consequences.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/vaccines10060919}, pmid = {35746526}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a virus that belongs to the coronavirus family and is the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As of May 2022, it had caused more than 500 million infections and more than 6 million deaths worldwide. Several vaccines have been produced and tested over the last two years. The SARS-CoV-2 virus, on the other hand, has mutated over time, resulting in genetic variation in the population of circulating variants during the COVID-19 pandemic. It has also shown immune-evading characteristics, suggesting that vaccinations against these variants could be potentially ineffective. The purpose of this review article is to investigate the key variants of concern (VOCs) and mutations of the virus driving the current pandemic, as well as to explore the transmission rates of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs in relation to epidemiological factors and to compare the virus's transmission rate to that of prior coronaviruses. We examined and provided key information on SARS-CoV-2 VOCs in this study, including their transmissibility, infectivity rate, disease severity, affinity for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, viral load, reproduction number, vaccination effectiveness, and vaccine breakthrough.}, }
@article {pmid35746519, year = {2022}, author = {Christou-Ergos, M and Wiley, KE and Leask, J and Shapiro, GK}, title = {Traumatic Events and Vaccination Decisions: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/vaccines10060911}, pmid = {35746519}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {Despite the apparent relationship between past experiences and subsequent vaccination decisions, the role of traumatic events has been overlooked when understanding vaccination intention and behaviour. We conducted a systematic review to synthesize what is known about the relationship between traumatic events and subsequent vaccination decisions. MEDLINE, PsycINFO and CINHAL electronic databases were searched, and 1551 articles were screened for eligibility. Of the 52 articles included in full-text assessment, five met the eligibility criteria. Findings suggest that the experience of trauma is associated with individual vaccination decisions. Social and practical factors related to both trauma and vaccination may mediate this relationship. As this is a relatively new field of inquiry, future research may help to clarify the nuances of the relationship. This review finds that the experience of psychological trauma is associated with vaccination intention and behaviour and points to the potential importance of a trauma-informed approach to vaccination interventions during the current global effort to achieve high COVID-19 vaccine coverage.}, }
@article {pmid35746517, year = {2022}, author = {Cortés-Sarabia, K and Gutiérrez-Torres, M and Mendoza-Renteria, EM and Leyva-Vázquez, MA and Vences-Velázquez, A and Hernández-Sotelo, D and Beltrán-Anaya, FO and Del Moral-Hernández, O and Illades-Aguiar, B}, title = {Variation in the Humoral Immune Response Induced by the Administration of the BNT162b2 Pfizer/BioNTech Vaccine: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/vaccines10060909}, pmid = {35746517}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {The BNT162b2 Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine was the first emergency approved vaccine during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the variations in the humoral immune response induced by the administration of the BNT162b2 vaccine in patients with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, the elderly, and those with comorbidities and immunosuppression states. Additionally, we analyzed the effect of generated neutralizing antibodies against the new variants of concern of SARS-CoV-2. Pubmed, Science Direct, Mendeley, and WorldWide Science were searched between 1 January 2020 and October 2021 using the keywords "BNT162b2", "serology", "comorbidity", "immunosuppression", and "variants of concern"dA total of 20 peer-reviewed publications were selected. The analysis showed that those individuals with previous infections have a considerably higher antibody response after the administration of BNT162b2 vaccine in contrast with seronegative individuals. With regard to variation in immune responses, elderly individuals, patients with cancer, or patients who had undergone a kidney transplant, dialysis, or who were pregnant had a lower antibody response in comparison to healthy individuals. Finally, antibodies developed against the S protein produced by the BNT162b2 vaccine, possessed lower neutralizing activity against the alpha, beta, gamma, and delta variants of SARS-CoV-2. In conclusion, patients with immunodeficiencies and comorbidities have a lesser antibody response, about which further studies need to be performed in order to analyze the effectiveness and duration of the humoral immunity associated with vaccination in these specific populations.}, }
@article {pmid35746513, year = {2022}, author = {Stefanelli, P and Rezza, G}, title = {COVID-19 Vaccination Strategies and Their Adaptation to the Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/vaccines10060905}, pmid = {35746513}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {About one year after the identification of the first cases of pneumonia due to a novel coronavirus in Wuhan, several vaccines against SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 started to be approved for emergency use or authorized for early or limited use. The rapid development of effective vaccines based on different technological platforms represents an unprecedented success for vaccinology, providing a unique opportunity for a successful public health intervention. However, it is widely known that only a limited number of vaccine doses are usually available at the beginning of vaccination campaigns against an emerging virus; in this phase, protecting health care workers and reducing mortality rates is the priority. When a larger number of vaccines become available, the identification of the drivers of virus circulation coupled with the use of transmission blocking vaccines are key to achieve epidemic control through population immunity. However, as we learned during the vaccination campaigns against the pandemic coronavirus, several factors may hamper this process. Thus, flexible plans are required to obtain the best sustainable result with available tools, modulating vaccination strategies in accordance with improved scientific knowledge, and taking into account the duration of protective immune response, virus evolution, and changing epidemic dynamics.}, }
@article {pmid35746512, year = {2022}, author = {Shafqat, A and Arabi, TZ and Sabbah, BN and Abdulkader, HS and Shafqat, S and Razak, A and Kashir, J and Alkattan, K and Yaqinuddin, A}, title = {Understanding COVID-19 Vaccines Today: Are T-cells Key Players?.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/vaccines10060904}, pmid = {35746512}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has heavily mutated since the beginning of the coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In this regard, the so-called variants of concern (VOCs) feature mutations that confer increased transmissibility and evasion of antibody responses. The VOCs have caused significant spikes in COVID-19 cases, raising significant concerns about whether COVID-19 vaccines will protect against current and future variants. In this context, whereas the protection COVID-19 vaccines offer against the acquisition of infection appears compromised, the protection against severe COVID-19 is maintained. From an immunologic standpoint, this is likely underpinned by the maintenance of T-cell responses against VOCs. Therefore, the role of T-cells is essential to understanding the broader adaptive immune response to COVID-19, which has the potential to shape public policies on vaccine protocols and inform future vaccine design. In this review, we survey the literature on the immunology of T-cell responses upon SARS-CoV-2 vaccination with the current FDA-approved and Emergency Use Authorized COVID-19 vaccines.}, }
@article {pmid35746474, year = {2022}, author = {Awaya, T and Moroi, M and Enomoto, Y and Kunimasa, T and Nakamura, M}, title = {What Should We Do after the COVID-19 Vaccination? Vaccine-Associated Diseases and Precautionary Measures against Adverse Reactions.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/vaccines10060866}, pmid = {35746474}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {COVID-19 vaccines have been used to counteract the global COVID-19 pandemic. While these are effective, adverse reactions have been reported, such as injection-site pain, muscle ache, fever, palpitation, and chest discomfort. The release of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, is a potential mechanism for post-vaccine side-effects. Chest discomfort after the vaccination, including myocarditis and acute coronary syndrome, is a particularly serious adverse reaction. It is important to be familiar with the differential diagnoses of chest discomfort and organ-specific diseases associated with COVID-19 vaccines as the preparation for booster shots and vaccinations among children aged 5-11 years begins. High-intensity exercise, alcohol, tobacco smoking, and baths promote inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, which may exacerbate the adverse reactions after vaccination. Japanese data show that deaths during baths are the most common for several days after mRNA vaccination. Additionally, alcohol and tobacco smoking were identified as predictive factors of lower antibody titers after vaccination. In this review, we aimed to provide a few recommendations to prevent vaccine-associated disease.}, }
@article {pmid35746455, year = {2022}, author = {Tzoutzas, I and Karoussis, I and Maltezou, HC}, title = {Air Quality in Dental Care Facilities: Update to Current Management and Control Strategies Implementing New Technologies: A Comprehensive Review.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/vaccines10060847}, pmid = {35746455}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {The quality of indoor air in healthcare facilities, with an emphasis on dental offices, attracted the attention of the scientific community in the late 1960s. Since then, it has become evident that the indoor air quality is critical in modern dental care facilities for limiting the spread of airborne infections, including vaccine-preventable diseases, and a key component of safety for healthcare personnel and patients. In the past decades, the role of indoor air quality has also been recognized in non-healthcare facilities, given the increasing time spent indoors by humans. During the provision of dental care services, mainly in the field of restorative dentistry, high-speed dental handpieces emitting air and water are used, producing large quantities of aerosol and hovering inside the operations area. In modern dental offices, new devices emitting air/powder for cavities improvement and cleaning as well as for periodontal prophylactic cleaning and aesthetics are used. In addition, a new therapeutic protocol for the removal of bacterial biofilm, targeting treatment for peri-implant diseases and conditions using air-abrasive decontamination technology, has been introduced in daily dental practice. The aim of this non-systemic review is to present the current state of knowledge on the nature and dynamics of air splatters and to provide an update to management and control strategies in dental care facilities, focusing on air purification and ultraviolet devices proposed and used. The findings arising from the limited number of related published articles documenting the reduction in levels of particular matter 2.5 (PM2.5), PM10 and volatile organic compounds, allow us to conclude that the continuous operation of air purifiers during and after treatment, contributes considerably to the improvement of the indoor air quality in dental care facilities. Moreover, the utilization of air purifiers is highly recommended in dental practice to mitigate spread of infections, including vaccine-preventable diseases. Frequent cleaning and maintenance of the purifier sieves and filters and frequent renovation of the indoor air through physical ventilation by mean of open windows is imperative. More research on environmental contamination and particularly on viral contamination under real dental care conditions is needed.}, }
@article {pmid35746172, year = {2022}, author = {Raypah, ME and Faris, AN and Mohd Azlan, M and Yusof, NY and Suhailin, FH and Shueb, RH and Ismail, I and Mustafa, FH}, title = {Near-Infrared Spectroscopy as a Potential COVID-19 Early Detection Method: A Review and Future Perspective.}, journal = {Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {22}, number = {12}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/s22124391}, pmid = {35746172}, issn = {1424-8220}, support = {304 /CIPPM /6150185 /A119//Japan International Cooperation Agency/ ; }, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a worldwide health anxiety. The rapid dispersion of the infection globally results in unparalleled economic, social, and health impacts. The pathogen that causes COVID-19 is known as a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A fast and low-cost diagnosis method for COVID-19 disease can play an important role in controlling its proliferation. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a quick, non-destructive, non-invasive, and inexpensive technique for profiling the chemical and physical structures of a wide range of samples. Furthermore, the NIRS has the advantage of incorporating the internet of things (IoT) application for the effective control and treatment of the disease. In recent years, a significant advancement in instrumentation and spectral analysis methods has resulted in a remarkable impact on the NIRS applications, especially in the medical discipline. To date, NIRS has been applied as a technique for detecting various viruses including zika (ZIKV), chikungunya (CHIKV), influenza, hepatitis C, dengue (DENV), and human immunodeficiency (HIV). This review aims to outline some historical and contemporary applications of NIRS in virology and its merit as a novel diagnostic technique for SARS-CoV-2.}, }
@article {pmid35745912, year = {2022}, author = {Hameed, AZ and Raj, SA and Kandasamy, J and Baghdadi, MA and Shahzad, MA}, title = {Chitosan: A Sustainable Material for Multifarious Applications.}, journal = {Polymers}, volume = {14}, number = {12}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/polym14122335}, pmid = {35745912}, issn = {2073-4360}, support = {IFPRC-022-135-2020//Deanship for Research &amp; Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia/ ; }, abstract = {Due to the versatility of its features and capabilities, chitosan generated from marine crustacean waste is gaining importance and appeal in a wide variety of applications. It was initially used in pharmaceutical and medical applications due to its antibacterial, biocompatible, and biodegradable properties. However, as the demand for innovative materials with environmentally benign properties has increased, the application range of chitosan has expanded, and it is now used in a variety of everyday applications. The most exciting aspect of the chitosan is its bactericidal properties against pathogens, which are prevalent in contaminated water and cause a variety of human ailments. Apart from antimicrobial and water filtration applications, chitosan is used in dentistry, in water filtration membranes to remove metal ions and some heavy metals from industrial effluents, in microbial fuel cell membranes, and in agriculture to maintain moisture in fruits and leaves. It is also used in skin care products and cosmetics as a moisturizer, in conjunction with fertilizer to boost plant immunity, and as a bi-adhesive for bonding woods and metals. As it has the capacity to increase the life span of food items and raw meat, it is an unavoidable component in food packing and preservation. The numerous applications of chitosan are reviewed in this brief study, as well as the approaches used to incorporate chitosan alongside traditional materials and its effect on the outputs.}, }
@article {pmid35745708, year = {2022}, author = {Ruggiero, V and Aquino, RP and Del Gaudio, P and Campiglia, P and Russo, P}, title = {Post-COVID Syndrome: The Research Progress in the Treatment of Pulmonary sequelae after COVID-19 Infection.}, journal = {Pharmaceutics}, volume = {14}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/pharmaceutics14061135}, pmid = {35745708}, issn = {1999-4923}, abstract = {Post-COVID syndrome or long COVID is defined as the persistence of symptoms after confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, the pathogen responsible for coronavirus disease. The content herein presented reviews the reported long-term consequences and aftereffects of COVID-19 infection and the potential strategies to adopt for their management. Recent studies have shown that severe forms of COVID-19 can progress into acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a predisposing factor of pulmonary fibrosis that can irreversibly compromise respiratory function. Considering that the most serious complications are observed in the airways, the inhalation delivery of drugs directly to the lungs should be preferred, since it allows to lower the dose and systemic side effects. Although further studies are needed to optimize these techniques, recent studies have also shown the importance of in vitro models to recreate the SARS-CoV-2 infection and study its sequelae. The information reported suggests the necessity to develop new inhalation therapies in order to improve the quality of life of patients who suffer from this condition.}, }
@article {pmid35745658, year = {2022}, author = {Franczyk, B and Rysz, J and Miłoński, J and Konecki, T and Rysz-Górzyńska, M and Gluba-Brzózka, A}, title = {Will the Use of Pharmacogenetics Improve Treatment Efficiency in COVID-19?.}, journal = {Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {15}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ph15060739}, pmid = {35745658}, issn = {1424-8247}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with a global health crisis and the greatest challenge for scientists and doctors. The virus causes severe acute respiratory syndrome with an outcome that is fatal in more vulnerable populations. Due to the need to find an efficient treatment in a short time, there were several drugs that were repurposed or repositioned for COVID-19. There are many types of available COVID-19 therapies, including antiviral agents (remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, oseltamivir), antibiotics (azithromycin), antiparasitics (chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin), and corticosteroids (dexamethasone). A combination of antivirals with various mechanisms of action may be more efficient. However, the use of some of these medicines can be related to the occurrence of adverse effects. Some promising drug candidates have been found to be ineffective in clinical trials. The knowledge of pharmacogenetic issues, which translate into variability in drug conversion from prodrug into drug, metabolism as well as transport, could help to predict treatment efficiency and the occurrence of adverse effects in patients. However, many drugs used for the treatment of COVID-19 have not undergone pharmacogenetic studies, perhaps as a result of the lack of time.}, }
@article {pmid35745626, year = {2022}, author = {Wang, Y and Wang, J and Ma, J and Zhou, Y and Lu, R}, title = {Focusing on Future Applications and Current Challenges of Plant Derived Extracellular Vesicles.}, journal = {Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {15}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ph15060708}, pmid = {35745626}, issn = {1424-8247}, abstract = {Plant derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized membranous vesicles released by plant cells, which contain lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and specific pharmacologically active substances. They are safe, widely available and expediently extractive. They have gratifyingly biological activity against inflammation, cancer, bacteria and oxidative aging, especially for the prevention or treatment of colitis, cancer, alcoholic liver, and COVID-19. In addition, as natural drug carriers, plant derived EVs have the potential to target the delivery of small molecule drugs and nucleic acid through oral, transdermal, injection. With the above advantages, plant derived EVs are expected to have excellent strong competitiveness in clinical application or preventive health care products in the future. We comprehensively reviewed the latest separation methods and physical characterization techniques of plant derived EVs, summarized the application of them in disease prevention or treatment and as a new drug carrier, and analyzed the clinical application prospect of plant derived EVs as a new drug carrier in the future. Finally, the problems hindering the development of plant derived EVs at present and consideration of the standardized application of them are discussed.}, }
@article {pmid35745480, year = {2022}, author = {Pourkarim, M and Nayebzadeh, S and Alavian, SM and Hataminasab, SH}, title = {Digital Marketing: A Unique Multidisciplinary Approach towards the Elimination of Viral Hepatitis.}, journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {11}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/pathogens11060626}, pmid = {35745480}, issn = {2076-0817}, abstract = {New technologies are supported by the global implementation of the internet. These improvements have deeply affected various disciplines of sciences and consequently changed services such as daily business, particularly health sectors. Innovative digital marketing strategies utilize the channels of social media and retrieved user data to analyze and improve relevant services. These multidisciplinary innovations can assist specialists, physicians and researchers in diagnostic, prophylaxis and treatment issues in the health sector. Accordingly, compared to recent decades, health decision makers are more accurate and trustful in defining new strategies. Interestingly, using social media and mobile health apps in current pandemics of SARS-CoV-2 could be an important instance of the key role of these platforms at the local and global level of health policies. These digital technologies provide platforms to connect public health sectors and health politicians for communicating and spreading relevant information. Adding influencers and campaigns to this toolbox strengthens the implementation of public health programs. In 2016, the WHO adopted a global program to eliminate viral hepatitis by 2030. Recent constructive measures that have been used in the battle against COVID-19 could be adopted for the elimination of viral hepatitis program. The presented evidence in our narrative review demonstrates that the application of digital marketing tools to create campaigns on social media, armed with professional influencers, can efficiently consolidate this program. The application of different strategies in using these popular tools will raise the public awareness about viral hepatitis. Subsequently, the availability of an effective vaccine for HBV and antiviral medication for HCV can motivate the audience to take steps towards prophylaxis and screening methods against these infectious illnesses. The encouragement of health policy makers to apply digital communication technologies and comprehensive roadmaps to implement this global program will certainly decrease the burden of viral hepatitis worldwide.}, }
@article {pmid35745263, year = {2022}, author = {Alesci, A and Pergolizzi, S and Fumia, A and Miller, A and Cernigliaro, C and Zaccone, M and Salamone, V and Mastrantonio, E and Gangemi, S and Pioggia, G and Cicero, N}, title = {Immune System and Psychological State of Pregnant Women during COVID-19 Pandemic: Are Micronutrients Able to Support Pregnancy?.}, journal = {Nutrients}, volume = {14}, number = {12}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/nu14122534}, pmid = {35745263}, issn = {2072-6643}, abstract = {The immune system is highly dynamic and susceptible to many alterations throughout pregnancy. Since December 2019, a pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has swept the globe. To contain the spread of COVID-19, immediate measures such as quarantine and isolation were implemented. These containment measures have contributed to exacerbate situations of anxiety and stress, especially in pregnant women, who are already particularly anxious about their condition. Alterations in the psychological state of pregnant women are related to alterations in the immune system, which is more vulnerable under stress. COVID-19 could therefore find fertile soil in these individuals and risk more severe forms. Normally a controlled dietary regimen is followed during pregnancy, but the use of particular vitamins and micronutrients can help counteract depressive-anxiety states and stress, can improve the immune system, and provide an additional weapon in the defense against COVID-19 to bring the pregnancy to fruition. This review aims to gather data on the impact of COVID-19 on the immune system and psychological condition of pregnant women and to assess whether some micronutrients can improve their psychophysical symptoms.}, }
@article {pmid35745177, year = {2022}, author = {Entrenas-Castillo, M and Salinero-González, L and Entrenas-Costa, LM and Andújar-Espinosa, R}, title = {Calcifediol for Use in Treatment of Respiratory Disease.}, journal = {Nutrients}, volume = {14}, number = {12}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/nu14122447}, pmid = {35745177}, issn = {2072-6643}, abstract = {Calcifediol is the prohormone of the vitamin D endocrine system (VDES). It requires hydroxylation to move to 1,25(OH)2D3 or calcitriol, the active form that exerts its functions by activating the vitamin D receptor (VDR) that is expressed in many organs, including the lungs. Due to its rapid oral absorption and because it does not require first hepatic hydroxylation, it is a good option to replace the prevalent deficiency of vitamin D (25 hydroxyvitamin D; 25OHD), to which patients with respiratory pathologies are no strangers. Correcting 25OHD deficiency can decrease the risk of upper respiratory infections and thus improve asthma and COPD control. The same happens with other respiratory pathologies and, in particular, COVID-19. Calcifediol may be a good option for raising 25OHD serum levels quickly because the profile of inflammatory cytokines exhibited by patients with inflammatory respiratory diseases, such as asthma, COPD or COVID-19, can increase the degradation of the active metabolites of the VDES. The aim of this narrative revision is to report the current evidence on the role of calcifediol in main respiratory diseases. In conclusion, good 25OHD status may have beneficial effects on the clinical course of respiratory diseases, including COVID-19. This hypothesis should be confirmed in large, randomized trials. Otherwise, a rapid correction of 25(OH)D deficiency can be useful for patients with respiratory disease.}, }
@article {pmid35744958, year = {2022}, author = {Agrawal, PK and Agrawal, C and Blunden, G}, title = {Artemisia Extracts and Artemisinin-Based Antimalarials for COVID-19 Management: Could These Be Effective Antivirals for COVID-19 Treatment?.}, journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {27}, number = {12}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/molecules27123828}, pmid = {35744958}, issn = {1420-3049}, abstract = {As the world desperately searches for ways to treat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a growing number of people are turning to herbal remedies. The Artemisia species, such as A. annua and A. afra, in particular, exhibit positive effects against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and COVID-19 related symptoms. A. annua is a source of artemisinin, which is active against malaria, and also exhibits potential for other diseases. This has increased interest in artemisinin's potential for drug repurposing. Artemisinin-based combination therapies, so-called ACTs, have already been recognized as first-line treatments against malaria. Artemisia extract, as well as ACTs, have demonstrated inhibition of SARS-CoV-2. Artemisinin and its derivatives have also shown anti-inflammatory effects, including inhibition of interleukin-6 (IL-6) that plays a key role in the development of severe COVID-19. There is now sufficient evidence in the literature to suggest the effectiveness of Artemisia, its constituents and/or artemisinin derivatives, to fight against the SARS-CoV-2 infection by inhibiting its invasion, and replication, as well as reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and mitigating lung damage.}, }
@article {pmid35744711, year = {2022}, author = {Rotondo, JC and Martini, F and Maritati, M and Caselli, E and Gallenga, CE and Guarino, M and De Giorgio, R and Mazziotta, C and Tramarin, ML and Badiale, G and Tognon, M and Contini, C}, title = {Advanced Molecular and Immunological Diagnostic Methods to Detect SARS-CoV-2 Infection.}, journal = {Microorganisms}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/microorganisms10061193}, pmid = {35744711}, issn = {2076-2607}, abstract = {COVID-19 emerged in late 2019 in China and quickly spread across the globe, causing over 521 million cases of infection and 6.26 million deaths to date. After 2 years, numerous advances have been made. First of all, the preventive vaccine, which has been implemented in record time, is effective in more than 95% of cases. Additionally, in the diagnostic field, there are numerous molecular and antigenic diagnostic kits that are equipped with high sensitivity and specificity. Real Time-PCR-based assays for the detection of viral RNA are currently considered the gold-standard method for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and can be used efficiently on pooled nasopharyngeal, or oropharyngeal samples for widespread screening. Moreover, additional, and more advanced molecular methods such as droplet-digital PCR (ddPCR), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS), are currently under development to detect the SARS-CoV-2 RNA. However, as the number of subjects infected with SARS-CoV-2 continuously increases globally, health care systems are being placed under increased stress. Thus, the clinical laboratory plays an important role, helping to select especially asymptomatic individuals who are actively carrying the live replicating virus, with fast and non-invasive molecular technologies. Recent diagnostic strategies, other than molecular methods, have been adopted to either detect viral antigens, i.e., antigen-based immunoassays, or human anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, i.e., antibody-based immunoassays, in nasal or oropharyngeal swabs, as well as in blood or saliva samples. However, the role of mucosal sIgAs, which are essential in the control of viruses entering the body through mucosal surfaces, remains to be elucidated, and in particular the role of the immune response in counteracting SARS-CoV-2 infection, primarily at the site(s) of virus entry that appears to be promising.}, }
@article {pmid35743989, year = {2022}, author = {Granados-Bolivar, ME and Quesada-Caballero, M and Suleiman-Martos, N and Romero-Béjar, JL and Albendín-García, L and Cañadas-De la Fuente, GA and Caballero-Vázquez, A}, title = {Evolution of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Emergency and Critical Care: Therapeutic Management before and during the Pandemic Situation.}, journal = {Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)}, volume = {58}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/medicina58060726}, pmid = {35743989}, issn = {1648-9144}, abstract = {Background and Objectives: Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a life-threatening lung condition that prevents enough oxygen from getting to the lungs and blood. The causes can be varied, although since the COVID-19 pandemic began there have been many cases related to this virus. The management and evolution of ARDS in emergency situations in the last 5 years was analyzed. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was carried out in the PubMed and Scopus databases. Using the descriptors Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), the search equation was: "Emergency health service AND acute respiratory distress syndrome". The search was conducted in December 2021. Quantitative primary studies on the care of patients with ARDS in an emergency setting published in the last 5 years were included. Results: In the initial management, adherence to standard treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is recommended. The use of extracorporeal membrane reduces the intensity of mechanical ventilation or as rescue therapy in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The prone position in both intubated and non-intubated patients with severe ARDS is associated with a better survival of these patients, therefore, it is very useful in these moments of pandemic crisis. Lack of resources forces triage decisions about which patients are most likely to survive to start mechanical ventilation and this reflects the realities of intensive care and emergency care in a resource-limited setting. Conclusions: adequate prehospital management of ARDS and in emergency situations can improve the prognosis of patients. The therapeutic options in atypical ARDS due to COVID-19 do not seem to vary substantially from conventional ARDS.}, }
@article {pmid35743944, year = {2022}, author = {Lampickienė, I and Davoody, N}, title = {Healthcare Professionals' Experience of Performing Digital Care Visits-A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {12}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/life12060913}, pmid = {35743944}, issn = {2075-1729}, support = {There is no grant number.//Karolinska Institute/ ; }, abstract = {The use of digital care visits has been increasing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Learning more about healthcare professionals' technology experiences provides valuable insight and a basis for improving digital visits. This study aimed to explore the existing literature on healthcare professionals' experience performing digital care visits. A scoping review was performed following Arksey &amp; O'Malley's proposed framework using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses. The collected data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Five main themes were identified in the literature: positive experiences/benefits, facilitators, negative experiences/challenges, barriers, and suggestions for improvement. Healthcare professionals mostly reported having an overall positive experience with digital visits and discovered benefits for themselves and the patients. However, opinions were mixed or negative regarding the complexity of decision making, workload and workflow, suitability of this type of care, and other challenges. The suggestions for improvement included training and education, improvements within the system and tools, along with support for professionals. Despite overall positive experiences and benefits for both professionals and patients, clinicians reported challenges such as physical barriers, technical issues, suitability concerns, and others. Digital care visits could not fully replace face-to-face visits.}, }
@article {pmid35743812, year = {2022}, author = {Zota, IM and Stătescu, C and Sascău, RA and Roca, M and Anghel, L and Maștaleru, A and Leon-Constantin, MM and Ghiciuc, CM and Cozma, SR and Dima-Cozma, LC and Esanu, IM and Mitu, F}, title = {Acute and Long-Term Consequences of COVID-19 on Arterial Stiffness-A Narrative Review.}, journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {12}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/life12060781}, pmid = {35743812}, issn = {2075-1729}, abstract = {The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the ongoing global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Although initially viewed as an acute respiratory illness, COVID-19 is clearly a complex multisystemic disease with extensive cardiovascular involvement. Emerging evidence shows that the endothelium plays multiple roles in COVID-19 physiopathology, as both a target organ that can be directly infected by SARS-CoV-2 and a mediator in the subsequent inflammatory and thrombotic cascades. Arterial stiffness is an established marker of cardiovascular disease. The scope of this review is to summarize available data on the acute and long-term consequences of COVID-19 on vascular function. COVID-19 causes early vascular aging and arterial stiffness. Fast, noninvasive bedside assessment of arterial stiffness could optimize risk stratification in acute COVID-19, allowing for early escalation of treatment. Vascular physiology remains impaired at least 12 months after infection with SARS-CoV-2, even in otherwise healthy adults. This raises concerns regarding the extent of arterial remodeling in patients with preexisting vascular disease and the potential development of a persistent, chronic COVID-19 vasculopathy. Long-term follow up on larger cohorts is required to investigate the reversibility of COVID-19-induced vascular changes and their associated prognostic implications.}, }
@article {pmid35743804, year = {2022}, author = {Kermelly, SB and Bourbeau, J}, title = {eHealth in Self-Managing at a Distance Patients with COPD.}, journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {12}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/life12060773}, pmid = {35743804}, issn = {2075-1729}, abstract = {Worldwide, healthcare delivery for chronic diseases has been challenging due to the current SARS-COV-2 pandemic. The growing use of information and communication technologies via telehealth has gained popularity in all fields of medicine. In chronic respiratory diseases, self-management, defined as a structured but personalized multi-component intervention with the main goal of achieving healthy behavioral change, is an essential element of long-term care. Iterative interventions delivered by a well-trained health coach in order to empower and provide the patient with the tools and skills needed to adopt sustained healthy behaviors have proven to be effective in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Benefits have been shown to both improve patient quality of life and reduce acute exacerbation events and acute healthcare utilization. In COPD, the evidence so far has shown us that remote technologies such as telemonitoring or remote management may improve patient-reported outcomes and healthcare utilization. However, clear limitations are still present and questions remain unanswered. More and better designed studies are therefore necessary to define the place of eHealth in self-managing at a distance in patients with COPD.}, }
@article {pmid35743779, year = {2022}, author = {Ortega, MA and García-Montero, C and Fraile-Martinez, O and Colet, P and Baizhaxynova, A and Mukhtarova, K and Alvarez-Mon, M and Kanatova, K and Asúnsolo, A and Sarría-Santamera, A}, title = {Recapping the Features of SARS-CoV-2 and Its Main Variants: Status and Future Paths.}, journal = {Journal of personalized medicine}, volume = {12}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/jpm12060995}, pmid = {35743779}, issn = {2075-4426}, support = {MTIC-CAD//Comunidad de Madrid/ ; }, abstract = {Over the two years that we have been experiencing the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, our challenges have been the race to develop vaccines and the difficulties in fighting against new variants due to the rapid ability of the virus to evolve. In this sense, different organizations have identified and classified the different variants that have been emerging, distinguishing between variants of concern (VOC), variants of interest (VOI), or variants under monitoring (VUM). The following review aims to describe the latest updates focusing on VOC and already de-escalated variants, as well as to describe the impact these have had on the global situation. Understanding the intrinsic properties of SARS-CoV-2 and its interaction with the immune system and vaccination is essential to make out the underlying mechanisms that have led to the appearance of these variants, helping to determine the next steps for better public management of this pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid35743583, year = {2022}, author = {Vachtenheim, J and Novysedlak, R and Svorcova, M and Lischke, R and Strizova, Z}, title = {How COVID-19 Affects Lung Transplantation: A Comprehensive Review.}, journal = {Journal of clinical medicine}, volume = {11}, number = {12}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/jcm11123513}, pmid = {35743583}, issn = {2077-0383}, abstract = {Lung transplant (LuTx) recipients are at a higher risk of developing serious illnesses from COVID-19, and thus, we have closely reviewed the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on lung transplantation. In most transplant centers, the overall LuTx activity significantly declined and led to a specific period of restricting lung transplantation to urgent cases. Moreover, several transplant centers reported difficulties due to the shortage of ICU capacities. The fear of donor-derived transmission generated extensive screening programs. Nevertheless, reasonable concerns about the unnecessary losses of viable organs were also raised. The overall donor shortage resulted in increased waiting-list mortality, and COVID-19-associated ARDS became an indication of lung transplantation. The impact of specific immunosuppressive agents on the severity of COVID-19 varied. Corticosteroid discontinuation was not found to be beneficial for LuTx patients. Tacrolimus concentrations were reported to increase during the SARS-CoV-2 infection, and in combination with remdesivir, tacrolimus may clinically impact renal functions. Monoclonal antibodies were shown to reduce the risk of hospitalization in SOT recipients. However, understanding the pharmacological interactions between the anti-COVID-19 drugs and the immunosuppressive drugs requires further research.}, }
@article {pmid35743479, year = {2022}, author = {Kohlhauser, M and Luze, H and Nischwitz, SP and Kamolz, LP}, title = {Challenges in Burn Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic-A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Journal of clinical medicine}, volume = {11}, number = {12}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/jcm11123410}, pmid = {35743479}, issn = {2077-0383}, abstract = {Objective: The aim of this review is to map and summarize the experiences of various burn centers worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to enable future strategies with regard to the most effective measures in burn care during pandemics and to detect possible gaps in knowledge. Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a major impact on economies, social interactions, and health systems worldwide. Burn units all over the world face a new challenge in maintaining the care of acute burn wounds and follow-up treatments while dealing with constantly changing regulations. Infrastructural changes, the establishment of efficient triage systems, protective measures, personnel resources, in addition to the maintenance of efficient patient care and the guarantee of supply chains, are challenging tasks to be addressed. This review provides an overview of recent developments regarding different strategies and methods used by burn units worldwide to safely overcome the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Methods: A scoping review of the literature was conducted using the electronic databases PubMed and Google Scholar. Publications were screened for the following key terms: burns, burn injuries, thermal injuries, burn center, burn unit, burn ward, in combination with COVID-19, COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, Corona, and Coronavirus. Articles dealing with the management of burn units during the pandemic were further analyzed and included. Results: Of the 136 publications, 10 were considered relevant to the key question and were included in the present review. Results were divided into six major topics, such as infrastructural and personnel management, triaging, severe burns and emergencies, elective surgeries, patient and visitor management, and outpatient management. Conclusion: Only a few studies about managing burn units during the COVID-19 pandemic have been published. Personnel resources and equipment needed to be redistributed to cope with country-specific challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic and to maintain adequate burn care. Since all of these articles refer to the period of the initial outbreak, a lack of clinical studies exists regarding the prevention measures taken by burn units during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, we identified gaps in knowledge about the impact of implemented measures on burn patient outcomes in the published literature. Further studies are mandatory in order to provide generally applicable guidelines regarding COVID-19 prevention measures at a burn unit.}, }
@article {pmid35743449, year = {2022}, author = {Baj, J and Forma, A and Teresińska, B and Tyczyńska, M and Zembala, J and Januszewski, J and Flieger, J and Buszewicz, G and Teresiński, G}, title = {How Does SARS-CoV-2 Affect Our Eyes-What Have We Learnt So Far about the Ophthalmic Manifestations of COVID-19?.}, journal = {Journal of clinical medicine}, volume = {11}, number = {12}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/jcm11123379}, pmid = {35743449}, issn = {2077-0383}, abstract = {The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has become a worldwide threat resulting in a pandemic in 2020. SARS-CoV-2 infection manifests itself as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that is evidenced in a vast number of either specific or nonspecific symptoms. Except for typical (but nonspecific) symptoms such as fever, dry cough, or muscle weakness, the infected patients might also present atypical symptoms including neurological, dermatological, or ophthalmic manifestations. This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the onset, progression, and types of ophthalmic symptoms induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection recognized amongst the infected patients.}, }
@article {pmid35743234, year = {2022}, author = {Stricker, S and Hain, T and Chao, CM and Rudloff, S}, title = {Respiratory and Intestinal Microbiota in Pediatric Lung Diseases-Current Evidence of the Gut-Lung Axis.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {23}, number = {12}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijms23126791}, pmid = {35743234}, issn = {1422-0067}, support = {DFG KFO 309 Z01, SFB1021 Z02, SFB-TR84 B08//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; project B3//HMWK LOEWE Research Cluster Diffusible Signals/ ; JLU CAREER program//University of Giessen/ ; 8/2022//Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg/ ; }, abstract = {The intestinal microbiota is known to influence local immune homeostasis in the gut and to shape the developing immune system towards elimination of pathogens and tolerance towards self-antigens. Even though the lung was considered sterile for a long time, recent evidence using next-generation sequencing techniques confirmed that the lower airways possess their own local microbiota. Since then, there has been growing evidence that the local respiratory and intestinal microbiota play a role in acute and chronic pediatric lung diseases. The concept of the so-called gut-lung axis describing the mutual influence of local microbiota on distal immune mechanisms was established. The mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiota modulates the systemic immune response include the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and signaling through pattern recognition receptors (PRR) and segmented filamentous bacteria. Those factors influence the secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines by immune cells and further modulate differentiation and recruitment of T cells to the lung. This article does not only aim at reviewing recent mechanistic evidence from animal studies regarding the gut-lung axis, but also summarizes current knowledge from observational studies and human trials investigating the role of the respiratory and intestinal microbiota and their modulation by pre-, pro-, and synbiotics in pediatric lung diseases.}, }
@article {pmid35743183, year = {2022}, author = {Kontoghiorghes, GJ}, title = {Deferiprone: A Forty-Year-Old Multi-Targeting Drug with Possible Activity against COVID-19 and Diseases of Similar Symptomatology.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {23}, number = {12}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijms23126735}, pmid = {35743183}, issn = {1422-0067}, abstract = {The need for preparing new strategies for the design of emergency drug therapies against COVID-19 and similar diseases in the future is rather urgent, considering the high rate of morbidity and especially mortality associated with COVID-19, which so far has exceeded 18 million lives. Such strategies could be conceived by targeting the causes and also the serious toxic side effects of the diseases, as well as associated biochemical and physiological pathways. Deferiprone (L1) is an EMA- and FDA-approved drug used worldwide for the treatment of iron overload and also other conditions where there are no effective treatments. The multi-potent effects and high safety record of L1 in iron loaded and non-iron loaded categories of patients suggests that L1 could be developed as a "magic bullet" drug against COVID-19 and diseases of similar symptomatology. The mode of action of L1 includes antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-hypoxic and anti-ferroptotic effects, iron buffering interactions with transferrin, iron mobilizing effects from ferritin, macrophages and other cells involved in the immune response and hyperinflammation, as well as many other therapeutic interventions. Similarly, several pharmacological and other characteristics of L1, including extensive tissue distribution and low cost of production, increase the prospect of worldwide availability, as well as many other therapeutic approach strategies involving drug combinations, adjuvant therapies and disease prevention.}, }
@article {pmid35742999, year = {2022}, author = {Menegazzi, M and Gotte, G}, title = {Role of the Ribonuclease ONCONASE in miRNA Biogenesis and tRNA Processing: Focus on Cancer and Viral Infections.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {23}, number = {12}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijms23126556}, pmid = {35742999}, issn = {1422-0067}, abstract = {The majority of transcribed RNAs do not codify for proteins, nevertheless they display crucial regulatory functions by affecting the cellular protein expression profile. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are effectors of interfering mechanisms, so that their biogenesis is a tightly regulated process. Onconase (ONC) is an amphibian ribonuclease known for cytotoxicity against tumors and antiviral activity. Additionally, ONC administration in patients resulted in clinical effectiveness and in a well-tolerated feature, at least for lung carcinoma and malignant mesothelioma. Moreover, the ONC therapeutic effects are actually potentiated by cotreatment with many conventional antitumor drugs. This review not only aims to describe the ONC activity occurring either in different tumors or in viral infections but also to analyze the molecular mechanisms underlying ONC pleiotropic and cellular-specific effects. In cancer, data suggest that ONC affects malignant phenotypes by generating tRNA fragments and miRNAs able to downregulate oncogenes expression and upregulate tumor-suppressor proteins. In cells infected by viruses, ONC hampers viral spread by digesting the primer tRNAs necessary for viral DNA replication. In this scenario, new therapeutic tools might be developed by exploiting the action of ONC-elicited RNA derivatives.}, }
@article {pmid35742845, year = {2022}, author = {Caird, R and Williamson, M and Yusuf, A and Gogoi, D and Casey, M and McElvaney, NG and Reeves, EP}, title = {Targeting of Glycosaminoglycans in Genetic and Inflammatory Airway Disease.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {23}, number = {12}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijms23126400}, pmid = {35742845}, issn = {1422-0067}, support = {REEVES21G0//US Cystic Fibrosis Foundation/ ; }, abstract = {In the lung, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are dispersed in the extracellular matrix (ECM) occupying the interstitial space between the capillary endothelium and the alveolar epithelium, in the sub-epithelial tissue and in airway secretions. In addition to playing key structural roles, GAGs contribute to a number of physiologic processes ranging from cell differentiation, cell adhesion and wound healing. Cytokine and chemokine-GAG interactions are also involved in presentation of inflammatory molecules to respective receptors leading to immune cell migration and airway infiltration. More recently, pathophysiological roles of GAGs have been described. This review aims to discuss the biological roles and molecular interactions of GAGs, and their impact in the pathology of chronic airway diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Moreover, the role of GAGs in respiratory disease has been heightened by the current COVID-19 pandemic. This review underlines the essential need for continued research aimed at exploring the contribution of GAGs in the development of inflammation, to provide a better understanding of their biological impact, as well as leads in the development of new therapeutic agents.}, }
@article {pmid35742820, year = {2022}, author = {Kiełbowski, K and Herian, M and Pawlik, A}, title = {How to Restore Oxidative Balance That Was Disrupted by SARS-CoV-2 Infection.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {23}, number = {12}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijms23126377}, pmid = {35742820}, issn = {1422-0067}, abstract = {Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) is caused by different variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which emerged in December of 2019. COVID-19 pathogenesis is complex and involves a dysregulated renin angiotensin system. Severe courses of the disease are associated with a dysregulated immunological response known as cytokine storm. Many scientists have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 impacts oxidative homeostasis and stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, the virus inhibits glutathione (GSH) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-a major antioxidant which induces expression of protective proteins and prevents ROS damage. Furthermore, the virus stimulates NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes which play a significant role in inducing a cytokine storm. A variety of agents with antioxidant properties have shown beneficial effects in experimental and clinical studies of COVID-19. This review aims to present mechanisms of oxidative stress induced by SARS-CoV-2 and to discuss whether antioxidative drugs can counteract detrimental outcomes of a cytokine storm.}, }
@article {pmid35742804, year = {2022}, author = {Kurashima, CK and Ng, PK and Kendal-Wright, CE}, title = {RAGE against the Machine: Can Increasing Our Understanding of RAGE Help Us to Battle SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pregnancy?.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {23}, number = {12}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijms23126359}, pmid = {35742804}, issn = {1422-0067}, support = {1R15HD094326-01//Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/ ; 18CON-90815//Hawaii Community Foundation/ ; }, abstract = {The receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a receptor that is thought to be a key driver of inflammation in pregnancy, SARS-CoV-2, and also in the comorbidities that are known to aggravate these afflictions. In addition to this, vulnerable populations are particularly susceptible to the negative health outcomes when these afflictions are experienced in concert. RAGE binds a number of ligands produced by tissue damage and cellular stress, and its activation triggers the proinflammatory transcription factor Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB), with the subsequent generation of key proinflammatory cytokines. While this is important for fetal membrane weakening, RAGE is also activated at the end of pregnancy in the uterus, placenta, and cervix. The comorbidities of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity are known to lead to poor pregnancy outcomes, and particularly in populations such as Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders. They have also been linked to RAGE activation when individuals are infected with SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, we propose that increasing our understanding of this receptor system will help us to understand how these various afflictions converge, how forms of RAGE could be used as a biomarker, and if its manipulation could be used to develop future therapeutic targets to help those at risk.}, }
@article {pmid35742762, year = {2022}, author = {Gimigliano, F and Young, VM and Arienti, C and Bargeri, S and Castellini, G and Gianola, S and Lazzarini, SG and Moretti, A and Heinemann, AW and Negrini, S}, title = {The Effectiveness of Behavioral Interventions in Adults with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder during Clinical Rehabilitation: A Rapid Review.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {19}, number = {12}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19127514}, pmid = {35742762}, issn = {1660-4601}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: This review examined the effectiveness of behavioral interventions for adults with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) triggered by physical injury or medical trauma. It discusses implications in support of rehabilitation management for COVID-19 survivors diagnosed with PTSD.<br><br>METHODS: This study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and the Interim Guidance from the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group. The authors searched for randomized control trials in PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL databases up to 31 March 2021.<br><br>RESULTS: Five studies (n = 459) met the inclusion criteria. Each study measured a different comparison of interventions. The certainty of the evidence was judged to be very low for all outcomes. Post-traumatic stress disorder symptom reduction was found to be in favor of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy, cognitive therapy, and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Cognitive function improvements were observed in favor of the cognitive processing therapy control intervention.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Overall, there is uncertainty about whether behavioral interventions are effective in reducing PTSD symptoms and improving functioning and quality of life when the disorder is triggered by a physical or medical trauma rather than a psychological trauma. Further research should investigate their efficacy in the context of rehabilitation management and gather evidence on this population.}, }
@article {pmid35742735, year = {2022}, author = {Di Spirito, F and Iandolo, A and Amato, A and Caggiano, M and Raimondo, A and Lembo, S and Martina, S}, title = {Prevalence, Features and Degree of Association of Oral Lesions in COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {19}, number = {12}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19127486}, pmid = {35742735}, issn = {1660-4601}, abstract = {Regardless of rapidly emerging findings on oral lesions described in adult SARS-CoV-2-positive subjects, the evidence level remains quite low and rather contrasting; therefore, the present systematic review of systematic reviews primarily aims to point out the overall prevalence of diagnosed cases. Secondary aims are to estimate the degree of association between oral lesions and SARS-CoV-2 infection and to grade, based on the reported frequency, the primary oral lesions, with related clinical presentations and microscopic features, in relation to COVID-19 forms. A study protocol compliant with the PRISMA statement was developed. Twelve studies were included, reporting highly heterogeneous and incomplete findings, thus precluding a meta-analysis. Further studies should be conducted to assess the overall prevalence of cases diagnosed with oral lesions among adult SARS-CoV-2-positive subjects, especially considering novel viral variants, and to determine their degree of association with SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 forms. Moreover, the reported findings noticed the need to evaluate the putative role both of SARS-CoV-2 in oral lesions genesis and of periodontitis and periodontal microbiome in COVID-19 worsening and re-activations. Deeper insights into oral lesions in adult SARS-CoV-2-positive subjects could enhance the comprehension of illness pathogenesis, natural history and clinical presentation, thus improving the preparedness of health professionals in the inter-disciplinary management of COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid35742438, year = {2022}, author = {Amantea, C and Rossi, MF and Santoro, PE and Beccia, F and Gualano, MR and Borrelli, I and da Costa, JP and Daniele, A and Tumminello, A and Boccia, S and Ricciardi, W and Moscato, U}, title = {Medical Liability of the Vaccinating Doctor: Comparing Policies in European Union Countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {19}, number = {12}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19127191}, pmid = {35742438}, issn = {1660-4601}, abstract = {In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic exhausted healthcare systems around the world, including European Union countries, with healthcare workers at the frontline. Therefore, new health laws and policies have been introduced at the national level in order to offer greater legal protection for health workers. Since the introduction of COVID-19 vaccination, it has led to the development of specific laws to define the compulsoriness for particular categories. This review aimed to evaluate the system of medical liability, focusing on the ten countries of the European Union with the highest rate of vaccination coverage against SARS-CoV-2. A country-by-country analysis was conducted on the different medical liability systems of individual professionals, in general, and with specific focus on the vaccinating doctors. Additional search was conducted to investigate which European states have introduced specific policies in this field, to identify the implementation of any new laws alongside the COVID-19 vaccination campaigns, and to assess which countries have adopted the European Digital COVID Certificate and funded specific compensation programs for COVID-19 vaccination. Our results highlight an extremely fragmented European scenario; therefore, this work could be a starting point to define a common approach for medical liability and related policies in the COVID-19 pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid35742412, year = {2022}, author = {Lee, D and Rundle-Thiele, S and Wut, TM and Li, G}, title = {Increasing Seasonal Influenza Vaccination among University Students: A Systematic Review of Programs Using a Social Marketing Perspective.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {19}, number = {12}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19127138}, pmid = {35742412}, issn = {1660-4601}, support = {UGC/FDS24/B03/20//Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China/ ; }, abstract = {The health and economic consequences of seasonal influenza present great costs to communities. Promoting voluntary uptake of the seasonal influenza vaccine among university students, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, can deliver protective effects for both individuals and the wider community. Vaccine uptake will be greatest when more of the social marketing benchmarks are applied. This systematic review summarizes evidence from programs aiming to increase seasonal influenza vaccination among university students. Six major electronic databases for health promotion studies (PubMed, EBSCO, ProQuest, Ovid, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect) were searched in November 2021 to capture peer-reviewed studies reporting field trials that have sought to increase seasonal influenza vaccination in university student populations, without any restrictions regarding the publication period. Following PRISMA guidelines, this paper identified 12 peer-reviewed studies that were conducted in the field in the United States, Australia, and Spain. Three studies were targeted at healthcare students and the rest focused on wider university student populations. Studies were narratively summarized, evidence of social marketing principles were identified, and quantitative outcomes were meta-analyzed. The findings indicate that none of the field studies, even a self-classified social marketing study, had adopted all eight of the social marketing benchmarks in program design and implementation. The two studies that only used promotion, but not other marketing-mix and social marketing principles, reported increases in students' intention to be vaccinated but not actual behavior. Given that change is more likely when more social benchmarks are applied, this paper identifies activities that can be included in flu vaccine programs to improve flu vaccine uptake rates. The analysis highlights a lack of field studies focusing on increasing rates of vaccination behavior as research outcomes in countries beyond the United States.}, }
@article {pmid35742159, year = {2022}, author = {Saccomanno, S and Quinzi, V and Albani, A and D'Andrea, N and Marzo, G and Macchiarelli, G}, title = {Utility of Teleorthodontics in Orthodontic Emergencies during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/healthcare10061108}, pmid = {35742159}, issn = {2227-9032}, abstract = {Background. Coronavirus disease has subjected the whole of humanity to two years of social isolation and a series of restrictions. These circumstances have led to the use of information technology in an increasingly widespread manner. Even in the dental field, telematic means have been used to respond to emergencies. The aim of this systematic review of the literature is to evaluate the types of orthodontic emergency that occurred most often and how they were managed by teleorthodontics during the COVID-19 pandemic. The secondary aim is that clinicians will use teleorthodontics not only during pandemics but as an additional tool to manage orthodontics. Materials and Methods. Out of 1695 articles available on PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane and SciELO, eight articles were selected for this systematic literature review. Google Scholar was used as a secondary source to confirm that there were no additional articles. The screened papers comprised editorials, clinical studies, cross-sectional studies and retrospective studies in Italian, English or Spanish language. Results. The articles showed that the means by which patients most often communicated with their orthodontists were voice calls and smartphone applications such as WhatsApp® Messenger. Through these media, patients communicated their orthodontic emergencies. These mainly involved fixed multibracket appliances and the most common issues were discomfort and pain, fracture or loss of the appliance, protruding distal ends of archwires, brackets, tubes and bands or retainer detachment. Through teleorthodontics, patients could solve these issues by using orthodontic relief wax, cutting the protruding distal ends of the archwire with a nail clipper or a stronger cutter and removing or replacing detached bands, brackets, tubes or metallic ligature with a clean tweezer. Conclusions. In situations where personal contact is limited, teleorthodontics represents a valuable aid for professionals and patients facing orthodontic emergencies. The hope is that it may continue to represent a valuable aid for patients with difficulties in planning an in-office visit.}, }
@article {pmid35742076, year = {2022}, author = {Kwon, CY and Lee, B}, title = {Systematic Review of Mind-Body Modalities to Manage the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Era.}, journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/healthcare10061027}, pmid = {35742076}, issn = {2227-9032}, support = {IITP-2022-2020-0-01791//Ministry of Science and ICT/ ; }, abstract = {Healthcare workers (HCWs) have suffered physical and psychological threats since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Mind-body modalities (MBMs) can reduce the long-term adverse health effects associated with COVID-specific chronic stress. This systematic review aims to investigate the role of MBMs in managing the mental health of HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. A comprehensive search was conducted using 6 electronic databases, resulting in 18 clinical studies from 2019 to September 2021. Meta-analysis showed that MBMs significantly improved the perceived stress of HCWs (standardized mean difference, -0.37; 95% confidence intervals, -0.53 to -0.21). In addition, some MBMs had significant positive effects on psychological trauma, burnout, insomnia, anxiety, depression, self-compassion, mindfulness, quality of life, resilience, and well-being, but not psychological trauma and self-efficacy of HCWs. This review provides data supporting the potential of some MBMs to improve the mental health of HCWs during COVID-19. However, owing to poor methodological quality and heterogeneity of interventions and outcomes of the included studies, further high-quality clinical trials are needed on this topic in the future.}, }
@article {pmid35742044, year = {2022}, author = {Badulescu, OV and Sirbu, PD and Filip, N and Bordeianu, G and Cojocaru, E and Budacu, CC and Badescu, MC and Bararu-Bojan, I and Veliceasa, B and Ciocoiu, M}, title = {Hereditary Thrombophilia in the Era of COVID-19.}, journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/healthcare10060993}, pmid = {35742044}, issn = {2227-9032}, abstract = {Thrombophilia, also called hypercoagulability or prothrombotic condition, usually reflects a certain imbalance that occurs either in the coagulation cascade or in the anticoagulation/fibrinolytic system. A similar imbalance may be induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Thrombotic complications are associated with multiorgan failure and increased mortality. In this context, activation of coagulation and thrombocytopenia appeared as prognostic markers in COVID-19. Our work provides a structured and updated analysis of inherited thrombophilia and its involvement in COVID-19, emphasizing the importance of diagnosing and initiating thromboprophylaxis. Since the state of hypercoagulation is directly correlated with COVID-19, we consider that studies on the genetic profiles of proteins involved in thrombophilia in patients who have had COVID-19 and thrombotic events are of great importance, both in treating and in preventing deaths due to COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid35742031, year = {2022}, author = {Claponea, RM and Pop, LM and Iorga, M and Iurcov, R}, title = {Symptoms of Burnout Syndrome among Physicians during the Outbreak of COVID-19 Pandemic-A Systematic Literature Review.}, journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/healthcare10060979}, pmid = {35742031}, issn = {2227-9032}, abstract = {Background: Studies in the recent decades show that the medical profession has a high risk to develop burnout due to constant exposure to mental and physical suffering or death. The pandemic period induced additional stress for healthcare professionals due to the likelihood of a high rate of infection, long working shifts, using protective equipment, staying away from family, implementing new medical procedures. The present study is focusing on assessing the prevalence of burnout among physicians working in the healthcare system during the COVID-19 pandemic, and discovering the main factors associated with burnout syndrome among the population of physicians. Material and methods: A systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed, Wiley, and Google Scholar in November 2021. A total of 35 studies were eligible for the evaluation. Results: The samples ranged from 39 to 3071 physicians, and the overall burnout ranged from 14.7% to 90.4%. Sociodemographic characteristics associated with a high prevalence of burnout were the female gender, less experienced, not having children, and single marital status, associated with high levels of anxiety, depression, and stress in the female gender. The highest level of burnout among all the studies was 90.4% on a sample of physicians from the Republic of Korea, 80.2% among psychiatrists in Saudi Arabia, followed by a study in Ireland with a 77% level of burnout among senior and specialist physicians, and 74.7% prevalence of burnout for emergency physicians in USA. Conclusions: During the pandemic, the factors that contribute to burnout are the lack of personal protective equipment and the violence of issues related to organizational health; the high prevalence of burnout symptoms is associated with anxiety, depression, and stress.}, }
@article {pmid35742026, year = {2022}, author = {Łaskawiec, D and Grajek, M and Szlacheta, P and Korzonek-Szlacheta, I}, title = {Post-Pandemic Stress Disorder as an Effect of the Epidemiological Situation Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/healthcare10060975}, pmid = {35742026}, issn = {2227-9032}, abstract = {According to many experts in the fields of psychology and psychiatry, the destabilization resulting from the coronavirus pandemic may not be as noticeable now as it will be after the pandemic period is over. Undoubtedly, the fact that the surrounding reality is standardized and normalized by many at present contributes to this. In the opinion of many researchers, the scale and degree of trauma experienced by society will only be noticed by many once the pandemic is over. Many also suggest that we will experience post-pandemic stress disorder. This literature review aims to bring together in one place the information that speaks to the nature of the problem, which is post-pandemic stress disorder. The main sections of the paper deal with exposure to the disorder in the general population and a review of the current literature on the subject. The second section deals with a group of medical personnel who are on the direct frontline in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic; it is assumed here that they are those who are at much higher risk of developing post-pandemic stress disorder.}, }
@article {pmid35741313, year = {2022}, author = {Dutta, D and Naiyer, S and Mansuri, S and Soni, N and Singh, V and Bhat, KH and Singh, N and Arora, G and Mansuri, MS}, title = {COVID-19 Diagnosis: A Comprehensive Review of the RT-qPCR Method for Detection of SARS-CoV-2.}, journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {12}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/diagnostics12061503}, pmid = {35741313}, issn = {2075-4418}, abstract = {The world is grappling with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the causative agent of which is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 symptoms are similar to the common cold, including fever, sore throat, cough, muscle and chest pain, brain fog, dyspnoea, anosmia, ageusia, and headache. The manifestation of the disease can vary from being asymptomatic to severe life-threatening conditions warranting hospitalization and ventilation support. Furthermore, the emergence of mutecated variants of concern (VOCs) is paramount to the devastating effect of the pandemic. This highly contagious virus and its emergent variants challenge the available advanced viral diagnostic methods for high-accuracy testing with faster result yields. This review is to shed light on the natural history, pathology, molecular biology, and efficient diagnostic methods of COVID-19, detecting SARS-CoV-2 in collected samples. We reviewed the gold standard RT-qPCR method for COVID-19 diagnosis to confer a better understanding and application to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. This comprehensive review may further develop awareness about the management of the COVID-19 pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid35741243, year = {2022}, author = {Hernandez-Garcia, A and Morales-Moreno, MD and Valdés-Galindo, EG and Jimenez-Nieto, EP and Quezada, A}, title = {Diagnostics of COVID-19 Based on CRISPR-Cas Coupled to Isothermal Amplification: A Comparative Analysis and Update.}, journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {12}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/diagnostics12061434}, pmid = {35741243}, issn = {2075-4418}, support = {proyectos de investigación y desarrollo para hacer frente a la COVID-19//AMEXCID/ ; IV200820//DGAPA-PAPIIT/ ; }, abstract = {The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic prompted fast development of novel diagnostic methods of the etiologic virus SARS-CoV-2. Methods based on CRISPR-Cas systems have been particularly promising because they can achieve a similar sensitivity and specificity to the benchmark RT-qPCR, especially when coupled to an isothermal pre-amplification step. Furthermore, they have also solved inherent limitations of RT-qPCR that impede its decentralized use and deployment in the field, such as the need for expensive equipment, high cost per reaction, and delivery of results in hours, among others. In this review, we evaluate publicly available methods to detect SARS-CoV-2 that are based on CRISPR-Cas and isothermal amplification. We critically analyze the steps required to obtain a successful result from clinical samples and pinpoint key experimental conditions and parameters that could be optimized or modified to improve clinical and analytical outputs. The COVID outbreak has propelled intensive research in a short time, which is paving the way to develop effective and very promising CRISPR-Cas systems for the precise detection of SARS-CoV-2. This review could also serve as an introductory guide to new labs delving into this technology.}, }
@article {pmid35741215, year = {2022}, author = {Breitkopf, R and Treml, B and Rajsic, S}, title = {Lung Sonography in Critical Care Medicine.}, journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {12}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/diagnostics12061405}, pmid = {35741215}, issn = {2075-4418}, abstract = {During the last five decades, lung sonography has developed into a core competency of intensive care medicine. It is a highly accurate bedside tool, with clear diagnostic criteria for most causes of respiratory failure (pneumothorax, pulmonary edema, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and pleural effusion). It helps in distinguishing a hypovolemic from a cardiogenic, obstructive, or distributive shock. In addition to diagnostics, it can also be used to guide ventilator settings, fluid administration, and even antimicrobial therapy, as well as to assess diaphragmatic function. Moreover, it provides risk-reducing guidance during invasive procedures, e.g., intubation, thoracocentesis, or percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy. The recent pandemic has further increased its scope of clinical applications in the management of COVID-19 patients, from their initial presentation at the emergency department, during their hospitalization, and after their discharge into the community. Despite its increasing use, a consensus on education, assessment of competencies, and certification is still missing. Deep learning and artificial intelligence are constantly developing in medical imaging, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound enables new diagnostic perspectives. This review summarizes the clinical aspects of lung sonography in intensive care medicine and provides an overview about current training modalities, diagnostic limitations, and future developments.}, }
@article {pmid35741198, year = {2022}, author = {Tapari, A and Braliou, GG and Papaefthimiou, M and Mavriki, H and Kontou, PI and Nikolopoulos, GK and Bagos, PG}, title = {Performance of Antigen Detection Tests for SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {12}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/diagnostics12061388}, pmid = {35741198}, issn = {2075-4418}, abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) initiated global health care challenges such as the necessity for new diagnostic tests. Diagnosis by real-time PCR remains the gold-standard method, yet economical and technical issues prohibit its use in points of care (POC) or for repetitive tests in populations. A lot of effort has been exerted in developing, using, and validating antigen-based tests (ATs). Since individual studies focus on few methodological aspects of ATs, a comparison of different tests is needed. Herein, we perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of data from articles in PubMed, medRxiv and bioRxiv. The bivariate method for meta-analysis of diagnostic tests pooling sensitivities and specificities was used. Most of the AT types for SARS-CoV-2 were lateral flow immunoassays (LFIA), fluorescence immunoassays (FIA), and chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassays (CLEIA). We identified 235 articles containing data from 220,049 individuals. All ATs using nasopharyngeal samples show better performance than those with throat saliva (72% compared to 40%). Moreover, the rapid methods LFIA and FIA show about 10% lower sensitivity compared to the laboratory-based CLEIA method (72% compared to 82%). In addition, rapid ATs show higher sensitivity in symptomatic patients compared to asymptomatic patients, suggesting that viral load is a crucial parameter for ATs performed in POCs. Finally, all methods perform with very high specificity, reaching around 99%. LFIA tests, though with moderate sensitivity, appear as the most attractive method for use in POCs and for performing seroprevalence studies.}, }
@article {pmid35741174, year = {2022}, author = {Russo, A and Morrone, HL and Rotundo, S and Trecarichi, EM and Torti, C}, title = {Cytokine Profile of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Severe COVID-19 and Possible Therapeutic Targets.}, journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {12}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/diagnostics12061364}, pmid = {35741174}, issn = {2075-4418}, abstract = {During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, a higher incidence of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis was observed in patients affected by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), leading to the delineation of a new entity named COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA). A predisposition to invasive infection caused by Aspergillus spp. in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients can be ascribed either to the direct viral-mediated damage of the respiratory epithelium, as already observed in influenza H1N1 virus infections, or to the dysregulated immunity associated with COVID-19. This narrative review focuses on the impact of immune impairment, particularly due to cytokine dysregulation caused by Aspergillus spp. superinfection in COVID-19 for a more in-depth understanding of the molecular pathways implicated in CAPA. As immune competence has proven to be essential in protecting against CAPA onset, a role already threatened by SARS-CoV-2 infection itself, preventive strategies should focus on reducing factors that could further target the host immune system. We also aimed to focus on well-known and less-known risk factors for IPA in COVID-19 patients, related to the main causes of immune suppression, both virus-mediated and iatrogenic, including treatments currently indicated for COVID-19. Lastly, possible preventive strategies aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality due to CAPA could be implemented.}, }
@article {pmid35741160, year = {2022}, author = {Martens, ESL and Huisman, MV and Klok, FA}, title = {Diagnostic Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism in COVID-19 and Other Special Patient Populations.}, journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {12}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/diagnostics12061350}, pmid = {35741160}, issn = {2075-4418}, abstract = {Venous thromboembolism (VTE), in particular acute pulmonary embolism (PE), has been shown to be a frequent and potentially fatal complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In response to the observed thrombotic complications, a large number of studies has been devoted to the understanding and management of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy. Notably, only a limited number of mostly retrospective studies has focused on the optimal diagnostic strategy for suspected PE in COVID-19 patients. As in other special populations, the accuracy of diagnostic algorithms for PE-exclusion has been debated in this specific patient subgroup as the specificity of D-dimer assays and clinical decision rules (CDRs) may be lower than normal. From this viewpoint, we discuss the current state-of-the-art diagnostic algorithms for acute PE with a focus on patients with COVID-19 in the perspective of other special patient populations. Furthermore, we summarize current knowledge regarding the natural history of PE resolution with anticoagulant treatment in patients with COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid35741112, year = {2022}, author = {Shim, SR and Kim, SJ and Hong, M and Lee, J and Kang, MG and Han, HW}, title = {Diagnostic Performance of Antigen Rapid Diagnostic Tests, Chest Computed Tomography, and Lung Point-of-Care-Ultrasonography for SARS-CoV-2 Compared with RT-PCR Testing: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {12}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/diagnostics12061302}, pmid = {35741112}, issn = {2075-4418}, support = {No.2020R1F1A1068423//National Research Foundation of Korea/ ; No. 20015086//Bio Industry Technology Development Program/ ; }, abstract = {(1) Background: The comparative performance of various diagnostic methods for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the comparison of the 3 index test performances of rapid antigen diagnostic tests (RDTs), chest computed tomography (CT), and lung point-of-care-ultrasonography (US) with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the reference standard, to provide more evidence-based data on the appropriate use of these index tests. (2) Methods: We retrieved data from electronic literature searches of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE from 1 January 2020, to 1 April 2021. Diagnostic performance was examined using bivariate random-effects diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) and Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) models. (3) Results: Of the 3992 studies identified in our search, 118 including 69,445 participants met our selection criteria. Among these, 69 RDT, 38 CT, and 15 US studies in the pairwise meta-analysis were included for DTA with NMA. CT and US had high sensitivity of 0.852 (95% credible interval (CrI), 0.791-0.914) and 0.879 (95% CrI, 0.784-0.973), respectively. RDT had high specificity, 0.978 (95% CrI, 0.960-0.996). In accuracy assessment, RDT and CT had a relatively higher than US. However, there was no significant difference in accuracy between the 3 index tests. (4) Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests that, compared with the reference standard RT-PCR, the 3 index tests (RDTs, chest CT, and lung US) had similar and complementary performances for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. To manage and control COVID-19 effectively, future large-scale prospective studies could be used to obtain an optimal timely diagnostic process that identifies the condition of the patient accurately.}, }
@article {pmid35741108, year = {2022}, author = {Austermann, J and Roth, J and Barczyk-Kahlert, K}, title = {The Good and the Bad: Monocytes' and Macrophages' Diverse Functions in Inflammation.}, journal = {Cells}, volume = {11}, number = {12}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/cells11121979}, pmid = {35741108}, issn = {2073-4409}, support = {CRC 1009 (projects B09, Z01, Z02 to J.R.)//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; CRU 342 (project P3 to K.B-K. and J.R.)//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; CRC1450 (project C01 to J.R.)//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; EU IMI MI2-2018-14-02 to J.R.//European Union/ ; (Ro2/007/22 to J.R.)//Interdisciplinary Center of Clinical Research at the University of Muenster/ ; }, abstract = {Monocytes and macrophages are central players of the innate immune response and play a pivotal role in the regulation of inflammation. Thereby, they actively participate in all phases of the immune response, from initiating inflammation and triggering the adaptive immune response, through to the clearance of cell debris and resolution of inflammation. In this review, we described the mechanisms of monocyte and macrophage adaptation to rapidly changing microenvironmental conditions and discussed different forms of macrophage polarization depending on the environmental cues or pathophysiological condition. Therefore, special focus was placed on the tight regulation of the pro- and anti-inflammatory immune response, and the diverse functions of S100A8/S100A9 proteins and the scavenger receptor CD163 were highlighted, respectively. We paid special attention to the function of pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages under pathological conditions.}, }
@article {pmid35741101, year = {2022}, author = {Zha, D and Fu, M and Qian, Y}, title = {Vascular Endothelial Glycocalyx Damage and Potential Targeted Therapy in COVID-19.}, journal = {Cells}, volume = {11}, number = {12}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/cells11121972}, pmid = {35741101}, issn = {2073-4409}, support = {82070080//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 81860020//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 1R15AI138116/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; }, abstract = {COVID-19 is a highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a new coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 is characterized by progressive respiratory failure resulting from diffuse alveolar damage, inflammatory infiltrates, endotheliitis, and pulmonary and systemic coagulopathy forming obstructive microthrombi with multi-organ dysfunction, indicating that endothelial cells (ECs) play a central role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. The glycocalyx is defined as a complex gel-like layer of glycosylated lipid-protein mixtures, which surrounds all living cells and acts as a buffer between the cell and the extracellular matrix. The endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL) plays an important role in vascular homeostasis via regulating vascular permeability, cell adhesion, mechanosensing for hemodynamic shear stresses, and antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory functions. Here, we review the new findings that described EGL damage in ARDS, coagulopathy, and the multisystem inflammatory disease associated with COVID-19. Mechanistically, the inflammatory mediators, reactive oxygen species (ROS), matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), the glycocalyx fragments, and the viral proteins may contribute to endothelial glycocalyx damage in COVID-19. In addition, the potential therapeutic strategies targeting the EGL for the treatment of severe COVID-19 are summarized and discussed.}, }
@article {pmid35741086, year = {2022}, author = {Ludwig, N and Hilger, A and Zarbock, A and Rossaint, J}, title = {Platelets at the Crossroads of Pro-Inflammatory and Resolution Pathways during Inflammation.}, journal = {Cells}, volume = {11}, number = {12}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/cells11121957}, pmid = {35741086}, issn = {2073-4409}, support = {RO4537/4-1, RO4537/5-1 and SFB1450C07 to J.R; INST 211/604-3, INST 211/984-1, ZA428/14-1, ZA428/18-1, ZA428/24-1 to AZ//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; }, abstract = {Platelets are among the most abundant cells in the mammalian circulation. Classical platelet functions in hemostasis and wound healing have been intensively explored and are generally accepted. During the past decades, the research focus broadened towards their participation in immune-modulatory events, including pro-inflammatory and, more recently, inflammatory resolution processes. Platelets are equipped with a variety of abilities enabling active participation in immunological processes. Toll-like receptors mediate the recognition of pathogens, while the release of granule contents and microvesicles promotes direct pathogen defense and an interaction with leukocytes. Platelets communicate and physically interact with neutrophils, monocytes and a subset of lymphocytes via soluble mediators and surface adhesion receptors. This interaction promotes leukocyte recruitment, migration and extravasation, as well as the initiation of effector functions, such as the release of extracellular traps by neutrophils. Platelet-derived prostaglandin E2, C-type lectin-like receptor 2 and transforming growth factor β modulate inflammatory resolution processes by promoting the synthesis of pro-resolving mediators while reducing pro-inflammatory ones. Furthermore, platelets promote the differentiation of CD4+ T cells in T helper and regulatory T cells, which affects macrophage polarization. These abilities make platelets key players in inflammatory diseases such as pneumonia and the acute respiratory distress syndrome, including the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019. This review focuses on recent findings in platelet-mediated immunity during acute inflammation.}, }
@article {pmid35741026, year = {2022}, author = {Nawrot, J and Gornowicz-Porowska, J and Budzianowski, J and Nowak, G and Schroeder, G and Kurczewska, J}, title = {Medicinal Herbs in the Relief of Neurological, Cardiovascular, and Respiratory Symptoms after COVID-19 Infection A Literature Review.}, journal = {Cells}, volume = {11}, number = {12}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/cells11121897}, pmid = {35741026}, issn = {2073-4409}, abstract = {COVID-19 infection causes complications, even in people who have had a mild course of the disease. The most dangerous seem to be neurological ailments: anxiety, depression, mixed anxiety-depressive (MAD) syndromes, and irreversible dementia. These conditions can negatively affect the respiratory system, circulatory system, and heart functioning. We believe that phytotherapy can be helpful in all of these conditions. Clinical trials confirm this possibility. The work presents plant materials (Valeriana officinalis, Melissa officinalis, Passiflora incarnata, Piper methysticum, Humulus lupulus, Ballota nigra, Hypericum perforatum, Rhodiola rosea, Lavandula officinalis, Paullinia cupana, Ginkgo biloba, Murraya koenigii, Crataegus monogyna and oxyacantha, Hedera helix, Polygala senega, Pelargonium sidoides, Lichen islandicus, Plantago lanceolata) and their dominant compounds (valeranon, valtrate, apigenin, citronellal, isovitexin, isoorientin, methysticin, humulone, farnesene, acteoside, hypericin, hyperforin, biapigenin, rosavidin, salidroside, linalool acetate, linalool, caffeine, ginkgolide, bilobalide, mihanimbine, epicatechin, hederacoside C,α-hederine, presegenin, umckalin, 6,7,8-trixydroxybenzopyranone disulfate, fumaroprotocetric acid, protolichesteric acid, aucubin, acteoside) responsible for their activity. It also shows the possibility of reducing post-COVID-19 neurological, respiratory, and cardiovascular complications, which can affect the functioning of the nervous system.}, }
@article {pmid35741012, year = {2022}, author = {Uribe-Querol, E and Rosales, C}, title = {Neutrophils Actively Contribute to Obesity-Associated Inflammation and Pathological Complications.}, journal = {Cells}, volume = {11}, number = {12}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/cells11121883}, pmid = {35741012}, issn = {2073-4409}, support = {IN202520//National Autonomous University of Mexico/ ; N222120//National Autonomous University of Mexico/ ; }, abstract = {Obesity is characterized by an increase in body weight associated with an exaggerated enlargement of the adipose tissue. Obesity has serious negative effects because it is associated with multiple pathological complications such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and COVID-19. Nowadays, 39% of the world population is obese or overweight, making obesity the 21st century epidemic. Obesity is also characterized by a mild, chronic, systemic inflammation. Accumulation of fat in adipose tissue causes stress and malfunction of adipocytes, which then initiate inflammation. Next, adipose tissue is infiltrated by cells of the innate immune system. Recently, it has become evident that neutrophils, the most abundant leukocytes in blood, are the first immune cells infiltrating the adipose tissue. Neutrophils then get activated and release inflammatory factors that recruit macrophages and other immune cells. These immune cells, in turn, perpetuate the inflammation state by producing cytokines and chemokines that can reach other parts of the body, creating a systemic inflammatory condition. In this review, we described the recent findings on the role of neutrophils during obesity and the initiation of inflammation. In addition, we discuss the involvement of neutrophils in the generation of obesity-related complications using diabetes as a prime example.}, }
@article {pmid35741010, year = {2022}, author = {Blount, GS and Coursey, L and Kocerha, J}, title = {MicroRNA Networks in Cognition and Dementia.}, journal = {Cells}, volume = {11}, number = {12}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/cells11121882}, pmid = {35741010}, issn = {2073-4409}, abstract = {The change from viewing noncoding RNA as "junk" in the genome to seeing it as a critical epigenetic regulator in almost every human condition or disease has forced a paradigm shift in biomedical and clinical research. Small and long noncoding RNA transcripts are now routinely evaluated as putative diagnostic or therapeutic agents. A prominent role for noncoding microRNAs in the central nervous system has uncovered promising new clinical candidates for dementia-related disorders, treatments for which currently remain elusive even as the percentage of diagnosed patients increases significantly. Cognitive decline is a core neurodegenerative process in Alzheimer's Disease, Frontotemporal Dementia, Lewy body dementia, vascular dementia, Huntington's Disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and a significant portion of Parkinson's Disease patients. This review will discuss the microRNA-associated networks which influence these pathologies, including inflammatory and viral-mediated pathways (such as the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus implicated in COVID-19), and their current status in clinical trials.}, }
@article {pmid35740461, year = {2022}, author = {Vanderstocken, G and Woolf, NL and Trigiante, G and Jackson, J and McGoldrick, R}, title = {Harnessing the Potential of Enzymes as Inhaled Therapeutics in Respiratory Tract Diseases: A Review of the Literature.}, journal = {Biomedicines}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/biomedicines10061440}, pmid = {35740461}, issn = {2227-9059}, abstract = {Respiratory tract diseases (RTDs) are a global cause of mortality and affect patient well-being and quality of life. Specifically, there is a high unmet need concerning respiratory tract infections (RTIs) due to limitations of vaccines and increased antibiotic resistance. Enzyme therapeutics, and in particular plant-based enzymes, represent an underutilised resource in drug development warranting further attention. This literature review aims to summarise the current state of enzyme therapeutics in medical applications, with a focus on their potential to improve outcomes in RTDs, including RTIs. We used a narrative review approach, searching PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov with search terms including: enzyme therapeutics, enzyme therapy, inhaled therapeutics, botanical enzyme therapeutics, plant enzymes, and herbal extracts. Here, we discuss the advantages and challenges of enzyme therapeutics in the setting of RTDs and identify and describe several enzyme therapeutics currently used in the respiratory field. In addition, the review includes recent developments concerning enzyme therapies and plant enzymes in (pre-)clinical stages. The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has sparked development of several promising new enzyme therapeutics for use in the respiratory setting, and therefore, it is timely to provide a summary of recent developments, particularly as these therapeutics may also prove beneficial in other RTDs.}, }
@article {pmid35740444, year = {2022}, author = {Ortiz-Zapater, E and Signes-Costa, J and Montero, P and Roger, I}, title = {Lung Fibrosis and Fibrosis in the Lungs: Is It All about Myofibroblasts?.}, journal = {Biomedicines}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/biomedicines10061423}, pmid = {35740444}, issn = {2227-9059}, support = {COV20/01209//Instituto de Salud Carlos III/ ; PI20/01363//Instituto de Salud Carlos III/ ; PID2020-114871RB-I00//European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)/ ; CB06/06/0027//Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias/ ; 2017/023/UV//Regional Government Prometeo/ ; }, abstract = {In the lungs, fibrosis is a growing clinical problem that results in shortness of breath and can end up in respiratory failure. Even though the main fibrotic disease affecting the lung is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), which affects the interstitial space, there are many fibrotic events that have high and dangerous consequences for the lungs. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), excessive allergies, clearance of infection or COVID-19, all are frequent diseases that show lung fibrosis. In this review, we describe the different kinds of fibrosis and analyse the main types of cells involved-myofibroblasts and other cells, like macrophages-and review the main fibrotic mechanisms. Finally, we analyse present treatments for fibrosis in the lungs and highlight potential targets for anti-fibrotic therapies.}, }
@article {pmid35740361, year = {2022}, author = {Rubio-Casillas, A and Redwan, EM and Uversky, VN}, title = {SARS-CoV-2: A Master of Immune Evasion.}, journal = {Biomedicines}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/biomedicines10061339}, pmid = {35740361}, issn = {2227-9059}, abstract = {Viruses and their hosts have coevolved for a long time. This coevolution places both the pathogen and the human immune system under selective pressure; on the one hand, the immune system has evolved to combat viruses and virally infected cells, while viruses have developed sophisticated mechanisms to escape recognition and destruction by the immune system. SARS-CoV-2, the pathogen that is causing the current COVID-19 pandemic, has shown a remarkable ability to escape antibody neutralization, putting vaccine efficacy at risk. One of the virus's immune evasion strategies is mitochondrial sabotage: by causing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial physiology is impaired, and the interferon antiviral response is suppressed. Seminal studies have identified an intra-cytoplasmatic pathway for viral infection, which occurs through the construction of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), hence enhancing infection and avoiding immune surveillance. Another method of evading immune monitoring is the disruption of the antigen presentation. In this scenario, SARS-CoV-2 infection reduces MHC-I molecule expression: SARS-CoV-2's open reading frames (ORF 6 and ORF 8) produce viral proteins that specifically downregulate MHC-I molecules. All of these strategies are also exploited by other viruses to elude immune detection and should be studied in depth to improve the effectiveness of future antiviral treatments. Compared to the Wuhan strain or the Delta variant, Omicron has developed mutations that have impaired its ability to generate syncytia, thus reducing its pathogenicity. Conversely, other mutations have allowed it to escape antibody neutralization and preventing cellular immune recognition, making it the most contagious and evasive variant to date.}, }
@article {pmid35740354, year = {2022}, author = {Chilosi, M and Doglioni, C and Ravaglia, C and Martignoni, G and Salvagno, GL and Pizzolo, G and Bronte, V and Poletti, V}, title = {Unbalanced IDO1/IDO2 Endothelial Expression and Skewed Keynurenine Pathway in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 and Post-COVID-19 Pneumonia.}, journal = {Biomedicines}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/biomedicines10061332}, pmid = {35740354}, issn = {2227-9059}, abstract = {Despite intense investigation, the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and the newly defined long COVID-19 syndrome are not fully understood. Increasing evidence has been provided of metabolic alterations characterizing this group of disorders, with particular relevance of an activated tryptophan/kynurenine pathway as described in this review. Recent histological studies have documented that, in COVID-19 patients, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzymes are differentially expressed in the pulmonary blood vessels, i.e., IDO1 prevails in early/mild pneumonia and in lung tissues from patients suffering from long COVID-19, whereas IDO2 is predominant in severe/fatal cases. We hypothesize that IDO1 is necessary for a correct control of the vascular tone of pulmonary vessels, and its deficiency in COVID-19 might be related to the syndrome's evolution toward vascular dysfunction. The complexity of this scenario is discussed in light of possible therapeutic manipulations of the tryptophan/kynurenine pathway in COVID-19 and post-acute COVID-19 syndromes.}, }
@article {pmid35740283, year = {2022}, author = {Hung, SI and Preclaro, IAC and Chung, WH and Wang, CW}, title = {Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions Induced by COVID-19 Vaccines: Current Trends, Potential Mechanisms and Prevention Strategies.}, journal = {Biomedicines}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/biomedicines10061260}, pmid = {35740283}, issn = {2227-9059}, support = {CIRPG3I0041~43, CORPG3K0241-2, CORPG3L0471//Chang Gung Memorial Hospital/ ; MOST 108-2320-B-182A-023 -MY3, 109-2320-B-182A-008 -MY3//Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan/ ; }, abstract = {As the world deals with the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination remains vital to successfully end this crisis. However, COVID-19-vaccine-induced immediate hypersensitivity reactions presenting with potentially life-threatening systemic anaphylactic reactions are one of the reasons for vaccine hesitancy. Recent studies have suggested that different mechanisms, including IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated mast cell activation, may be involved in immediate hypersensitivity. The main culprits triggering hypersensitivity reactions have been suggested to be the excipients of vaccines, including polyethylene glycol and polysorbate 80. Patients with a history of allergic reactions to drugs, foods, or other vaccines may have an increased risk of hypersensitivity reactions to COVID-19 vaccines. Various strategies have been suggested to prevent hypersensitivity reactions, including performing skin tests or in vitro tests before vaccination, administering different vaccines for the primary and following boosters, changing the fractionated doses, or pretreating the anti-IgE antibody. This review discusses the current trends, potential mechanisms, and prevention strategies for COVID-19-vaccine-induced immediate hypersensitivity reactions.}, }
@article {pmid35740271, year = {2022}, author = {Vulturar, R and Chiș, A and Pintilie, S and Farcaș, IM and Botezatu, A and Login, CC and Sitar-Taut, AV and Orasan, OH and Stan, A and Lazea, C and Al-Khzouz, C and Mager, M and Vințan, MA and Manole, S and Damian, L}, title = {One Molecule for Mental Nourishment and More: Glucose Transporter Type 1-Biology and Deficiency Syndrome.}, journal = {Biomedicines}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/biomedicines10061249}, pmid = {35740271}, issn = {2227-9059}, abstract = {Glucose transporter type 1 (Glut1) is the main transporter involved in the cellular uptake of glucose into many tissues, and is highly expressed in the brain and in erythrocytes. Glut1 deficiency syndrome is caused mainly by mutations of the SLC2A1 gene, impairing passive glucose transport across the blood-brain barrier. All age groups, from infants to adults, may be affected, with age-specific symptoms. In its classic form, the syndrome presents as an early-onset drug-resistant metabolic epileptic encephalopathy with a complex movement disorder and developmental delay. In later-onset forms, complex motor disorder predominates, with dystonia, ataxia, chorea or spasticity, often triggered by fasting. Diagnosis is confirmed by hypoglycorrhachia (below 45 mg/dL) with normal blood glucose, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, and genetic analysis showing pathogenic SLC2A1 variants. There are also ongoing positive studies on erythrocytes' Glut1 surface expression using flow cytometry. The standard treatment still consists of ketogenic therapies supplying ketones as alternative brain fuel. Anaplerotic substances may provide alternative energy sources. Understanding the complex interactions of Glut1 with other tissues, its signaling function for brain angiogenesis and gliosis, and the complex regulation of glucose transportation, including compensatory mechanisms in different tissues, will hopefully advance therapy. Ongoing research for future interventions is focusing on small molecules to restore Glut1, metabolic stimulation, and SLC2A1 transfer strategies. Newborn screening, early identification and treatment could minimize the neurodevelopmental disease consequences. Furthermore, understanding Glut1 relative deficiency or inhibition in inflammation, neurodegenerative disorders, and viral infections including COVID-19 and other settings could provide clues for future therapeutic approaches.}, }
@article {pmid35740269, year = {2022}, author = {Guetl, K and Raggam, RB and Gary, T}, title = {Thrombotic Complications after COVID-19 Vaccination: Diagnosis and Treatment Options.}, journal = {Biomedicines}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/biomedicines10061246}, pmid = {35740269}, issn = {2227-9059}, abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines were developed a few months after the emergence of the pandemic. The first cases of vaccine-induced thrombotic complications after the use of adenoviral vector vaccines ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 by AstraZeneca, and Ad26.COV2.S by Johnson &amp; Johnson/Janssen, were announced shortly after the initiation of a global vaccination program. In these cases, the occurrence of thrombotic events at unusual sites-predominantly located in the venous vascular system-in association with concomitant thrombocytopenia were observed. Since this new entity termed vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) shows similar pathophysiologic mechanisms as heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), including the presence of antibodies against heparin/platelet factor 4 (PF4), standard routine treatment for thrombotic events-arterial or venous-are not appropriate and may also cause severe harm in affected patients. Thrombotic complications were also rarely documented after vaccination with mRNA vaccines, but a typical VITT phenomenon has, to date, not been established for these vaccines. The aim of this review is to give a concise and feasible overview of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in COVID-19 vaccine-induced thrombotic complications.}, }
@article {pmid35740246, year = {2022}, author = {Velásquez-Garcia, L and Mejia-Sanjuanelo, A and Viasus, D and Carratalà, J}, title = {Causative Agents of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia and Resistance to Antibiotics in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Biomedicines}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/biomedicines10061226}, pmid = {35740246}, issn = {2227-9059}, support = {CIBERINFEC (CB21/13/00009)//Instituto de Salud Carlos III/ ; }, abstract = {Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have an increased risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). This systematic review updates information on the causative agents of VAP and resistance to antibiotics in COVID-19 patients. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed/MEDLINE, and LILACS databases from December 2019 to December 2021. Studies that described the frequency of causative pathogens associated with VAP and their antibiotic resistance patterns in critically ill COVID-19 adult patients were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used for critical appraisal. The data are presented according to the number or proportions reported in the studies. A total of 25 articles were included, involving 2766 VAP cases in COVID-19 patients (range 5-550 VAP cases). Most of the studies included were carried out in France (32%), Italy (20%), Spain (12%) and the United States (8%). Gram-negative bacteria were the most frequent causative pathogens of VAP (range of incidences in studies: P. aeruginosa 7.5-72.5%, K. pneumoniae 6.9-43.7%, E. cloacae 1.6-20% and A. baumannii 1.2-20%). S. aureus was the most frequent Gram-positive pathogen, with a range of incidence of 3.3-57.9%. The median incidence of Aspergillus spp. was 6.4%. Few studies have recorded susceptibility patterns among Gram-negative causative pathogens and have mainly reported extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC, and carbapenem resistance. The median frequency of methicillin resistance among S. aureus isolates was 44.4%. Our study provides the first comprehensive description of the causative agents and antibiotic resistance in COVID-19 patients with VAP. Gram-negative bacteria were the most common pathogens causing VAP. Data on antibiotic resistance patterns in the published medical literature are limited, as well as information about VAP from low- and middle-income countries.}, }
@article {pmid35740214, year = {2022}, author = {Ayosanmi, OS and Alli, BY and Akingbule, OA and Alaga, AH and Perepelkin, J and Marjorie, D and Sansgiry, SS and Taylor, J}, title = {Prevalence and Correlates of Self-Medication Practices for Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {11}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/antibiotics11060808}, pmid = {35740214}, issn = {2079-6382}, abstract = {It has been suggested that the COVID-19 pandemic led to an increase in self-medication practices across the world. Yet, there is no up-to-date synthesized evidence on the prevalence of self-medication that is attributable to the pandemic. This study aimed to conduct a systematic literature review on the prevalence and correlates of self-medication for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 globally. The review was registered with the PROSPERO database. Searches were conducted following PRISMA guidelines, and relevant articles published between 1 April 2020 and 31 March 2022 were included. Pooled prevalence rate was conducted using the Meta package in R. A total of 14 studies from 14 countries, which represented 15,154 participants, were included. The prevalence of COVID-19-related self-medication ranged from 3.4-96%. The pooled prevalence of self-medication for this purpose was 44.9% (95% CI: 23.8%, 68.1%). Medications reported by studies for self-medication were antibiotics (79%), vitamins (64%), antimalarials (50%), herbal and natural products (50%), analgesics and antipyretics (43%), minerals and supplements (43%), cold and allergy preparations (29%), corticosteroids (14%), and antivirals (7%). The prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics is concerning. More public health education about responsible self-medication amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and future pandemics is required to mitigate the rising threat of antimicrobial resistance.}, }
@article {pmid35740212, year = {2022}, author = {van Staden, D and Haynes, RK and Viljoen, JM}, title = {Adapting Clofazimine for Treatment of Cutaneous Tuberculosis by Using Self-Double-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems.}, journal = {Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {11}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/antibiotics11060806}, pmid = {35740212}, issn = {2079-6382}, support = {UID 129135//South African National Research Foundation (SA NRF)/ ; }, abstract = {Although chemotherapeutic treatment regimens are currently available, and considerable effort has been lavished on the development of new drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB), the disease remains deeply intractable and widespread. This is due not only to the nature of the life cycle and extraordinarily disseminated habitat of the causative pathogen, principally Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), in humans and the multi-drug resistance of Mtb to current drugs, but especially also to the difficulty of enabling universal treatment of individuals, immunocompromised or otherwise, in widely differing socio-economic environments. For the purpose of globally eliminating TB by 2035, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced the "End-TB" initiative by employing interventions focusing on high impact, integrated and patient-centered approaches, such as individualized therapy. However, the extraordinary shortfall in stipulated aims, for example in actual treatment and in TB preventative treatments during the period 2018-2022, latterly and greatly exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, means that even greater pressure is now placed on enhancing our scientific understanding of the disease, repurposing or repositioning old drugs and developing new drugs as well as evolving innovative treatment methods. In the specific context of multidrug resistant Mtb, it is furthermore noted that the incidence of extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB) has significantly increased. This review focusses on the potential of utilizing self-double-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SDEDDSs) as topical drug delivery systems for the dermal route of administration to aid in treatment of cutaneous TB (CTB) and other mycobacterial infections as a prelude to evaluating related systems for more effective treatment of CTB and other mycobacterial infections at large. As a starting point, we consider here the possibility of adapting the highly lipophilic riminophenazine clofazimine, with its potential for treatment of multi-drug resistant TB, for this purpose. Additionally, recently reported synergism achieved by adding clofazimine to first-line TB regimens signifies the need to consider clofazimine. Thus, the biological effects and pharmacology of clofazimine are reviewed. The potential of plant-based oils acting as emulsifiers, skin penetration enhancers as well as these materials behaving as anti-microbial components for transporting the incorporated drug are also discussed.}, }
@article {pmid35740209, year = {2022}, author = {Oh, KH and Lee, SH}, title = {COVID-19 and Fungal Diseases.}, journal = {Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {11}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/antibiotics11060803}, pmid = {35740209}, issn = {2079-6382}, support = {K2111091//Korea University/ ; }, abstract = {Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) can cause secondary bacterial and fungal infections by affecting the expression of pro-inflammatory markers, such as tumor necrosis alpha and certain cytokines, as well as the numbers of CD4 and CD8 cells. In particular, in the head and neck, various fungal species are naturally present, making it the main route of secondary infection. It is difficult to clearly distinguish whether secondary infection is caused by COVID-19 directly or indirectly as a result of the immunocompromised state induced by drugs used to treat the disease. However, the risk of fungal infection is high in patients with severe COVID-19, and lymphopenia is observed in most patients with the disease. Patients with COVID-19 who are immunosuppressed or have other pre-existing comorbidities are at a significantly higher risk of acquiring invasive fungal infections. In order to reduce morbidity and mortality in these patients, early diagnosis is required, and treatment with systemic antifungal drugs or surgical necrotic tissue resection is essential. Therefore, this review aimed to examine the risk of fungal infection in the head and neck of patients with COVID-19 and provide information that could reduce the risk of mortality.}, }
@article {pmid35740140, year = {2022}, author = {Jirjees, F and Ahmed, M and Sayyar, S and Amini, M and Al-Obaidi, H and Aldeyab, MA}, title = {Self-Medication with Antibiotics during COVID-19 in the Eastern Mediterranean Region Countries: A Review.}, journal = {Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {11}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/antibiotics11060733}, pmid = {35740140}, issn = {2079-6382}, abstract = {Self-treatment with medicines including treatment with antibiotics is a growing global concern, as it can cause public health problems, such as antibiotic resistance and drug toxicity. Therefore, the significance of the self-medication impact of COVID-19 in any region can have an influence on the prevalence of such problems. The review aimed to investigate the self-treatment with antibiotics among the general population in Eastern Mediterranean region countries during COVID-19 pandemic. A comprehensive review of literature in four databases was conducted for the pandemic period from January 2020 to the end of March 2022. Nine studies related to self-treatment with antibiotics were found. The studies were homogeneous in terms of assessing the antibiotic self-treatment usage during the COVID-19 pandemic among the general population and among community pharmacies. The prevalence of self-treatment with antibiotics ranged from 20.8% to 45.8% between the studies. The main reasons for that were cost-saving, fear of COVID-19 infection, quarantine, and ease of accessibility without time limits. Antibiotic self-treatment has been high during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, it was less reported during the study period than before the time of the pandemic. There is a need for more restrictions on dispensing antibiotics from community pharmacies. In addition, there is a need to raise awareness among the population regarding self-treatment with antibiotics.}, }
@article {pmid35739949, year = {2022}, author = {Iciek, M and Bilska-Wilkosz, A and Kozdrowicki, M and Górny, M}, title = {Reactive Sulfur Compounds in the Fight against COVID-19.}, journal = {Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {11}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/antiox11061053}, pmid = {35739949}, issn = {2076-3921}, abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic outbreak in 2019 resulted in the need to search for an effective and safe strategy for treating infected patients, relieving symptoms, and preventing severe disease. SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus that can cause acute respiratory failure and thrombosis, as well as impair circulatory system function. Permanent damage to the heart muscle or other cardiovascular disorders may occur during or after the infection. The severe course of the disease is associated with the release of large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Due to their documented anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral effects, reactive sulfur compounds, including hydrogen sulfide (H2S), lipoic acid (LA), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), glutathione (GSH), and some other lesser-known sulfur compounds, have attracted the interest of scientists for the treatment and prevention of the adverse effects of diseases caused by SARS-CoV-2. This article reviews current knowledge about various endogenous or exogenous reactive sulfur compounds and discusses the possibility, or in some cases the results, of their use in the treatment or prophylaxis of COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid35739488, year = {2022}, author = {Prendergast, H and Tyo, C and Colbert, C and Kelley, M and Pobee, R}, title = {Medical complications of obesity: heightened importance in a COVID era.}, journal = {International journal of emergency medicine}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {29}, pmid = {35739488}, issn = {1865-1372}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Obesity is a major public health problem associated with significant medical complications.<br><br>MAIN BODY: This review examines 8 primary diseases: type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dementia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, polycystic ovarian syndrome, dyslipidemia, cancer, and their manifestations in obese patients. A total of 39 articles were used for this review. The authors conducted limited review, searching PubMed and Google Scholar databases using a combination of key words "COVID-19" or "SARS-COV2", "type 2 diabetes", "hypertension", "dementia", "non-alcoholic fatty liver disease", "polycystic ovarian syndrome", "dyslipidemia", "cancer", and "obesity". No specific date limitation was used. Obesity exacerbates many medical conditions and has recently been identified as an independent risk factor for COVID-19 severity. This sets obesity at the pinnacle of all disease complications. The long-term impact of obesity ranges from financial burden on the health system, lower life expectancy, and reduced survival rates.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Obesity is an important modifiable risk factor. There is the need for healthcare providers to understand the medical complications associated with obesity to optimize patient care.}, }
@article {pmid35739343, year = {2022}, author = {Tarcsai, KR and Corolciuc, O and Tordai, A and Ongrádi, J}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 infection in HIV-infected patients: potential role in the high mutational load of the Omicron variant emerging in South Africa.}, journal = {GeroScience}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35739343}, issn = {2509-2723}, support = {Start-up N. 11725//Semmelweis Egyetem/ ; }, abstract = {A new variant of SARS-CoV-2 named Omicron (B.1.1.529) was isolated from an HIV-infected patient in Botswana, South Africa, in November 2021. Whole genome sequencing revealed a multitude of mutations and its relationship to the mutation-rich Alpha variant that had been isolated from a cancer patient. It is conceivable that very high prevalence of HIV-infected individuals as susceptible hosts in South Africa and their immunocompromised state may predispose for accumulation of coronavirus mutations. Coronaviruses uniquely code for an N-terminal 3' to 5'exonuclease (ExoN, nsp14) that removes mismatched nucleotides paired by the RNA dependent RNA polymerase. Its activity depends preferably on Mg2+ and other divalent cations (manganese, cobalt and zinc). On the contrary, methyl transferase activity of non-structural protein (nsp) 14 and nsp16 both complexed with nsp10 requires Mn2+. Enzymes in successive stages of HIV infections require the same cations. In HIV-infected organisms, a subsequent coronavirus infection encounters with altered homeostasis of the body including relative starvation of divalent cations induced by interleukin production of HIV-infected cells. It is hypothesized that selective diminished efficacy of ExoN in the absence of sufficient amount of magnesium may result in the accumulation of mutations. Unusual mutations and recombinations of heterologous viruses detected in AIDS patients also suggest that long-lasting persistence of superinfecting viruses may also contribute to the selection of genetic variants. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors partially restore divalent cations' equilibrium. As a practical approach, implementation of highly active antiretroviral therapy against HIV replication and vaccination against coronaviruses may be a successful strategy to reduce the risk of selection of similar mutants.}, }
@article {pmid35738892, year = {2022}, author = {Alam, AM and Easton, A and Nicholson, TR and Irani, SR and Davies, NW and Solomon, T and Michael, BD}, title = {Encephalitis: diagnosis, management and recent advances in the field of encephalitides.}, journal = {Postgraduate medical journal}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1136/postgradmedj-2022-141812}, pmid = {35738892}, issn = {1469-0756}, abstract = {Encephalitis describes inflammation of the brain parenchyma, typically caused by either an infectious agent or through an autoimmune process which may be postinfectious, paraneoplastic or idiopathic. Patients can present with a combination of fever, alterations in behaviour, personality, cognition and consciousness. They may also exhibit focal neurological deficits, seizures, movement disorders and/or autonomic instability. However, it can sometimes present non-specifically, and this combined with its many causes make it a difficult to manage neurological syndrome. Despite improved treatments in some forms of encephalitides, encephalitis remains a global concern due to its high mortality and morbidity. Prompt diagnosis and administration of specific and supportive management options can lead to better outcomes. Over the last decade, research in encephalitis has led to marked developments in the understanding, diagnosis and management of encephalitis. In parallel, the number of autoimmune encephalitis syndromes has rapidly expanded and clinically characteristic syndromes in association with pathogenic autoantibodies have been defined. By focusing on findings presented at the Encephalitis Society's conference in December 2021, this article reviews the causes, clinical manifestations and management of encephalitis and integrate recent advances and challenges of research into encephalitis.}, }
@article {pmid35735323, year = {2021}, author = {Miranda-Olivares, JP and Lira-Correa, MT and Bermúdez-Valenzuela, J and Celedón-Porzio, F and Ruiz-Jeria, G}, title = {[The effects of COVID-19 pandemic on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of oncologic diseases].}, journal = {Revista medica de Chile}, volume = {149}, number = {11}, pages = {1606-1613}, doi = {10.4067/S0034-98872021001101606}, pmid = {35735323}, issn = {0717-6163}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Humans ; *Neoplasms/diagnosis/prevention &amp; control ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the management of chronic diseases such as cancer. Comprehensive care, from preventive strategies to palliative care for cancer patients, has been strongly affected by multiple factors associated with the pandemic. The hampering of early detection, timely diagnosis, as well as recommended treatment and follow-up are side effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection worldwide that will undoubtedly produce changes in the prognosis and survival of oncologic patients. Through this narrative review, we report global and local figures of these effects, as a first approach to tackle the challenge of updating cancer care.}, }
@article {pmid35731814, year = {2022}, author = {Finger, HJ and Dury, CA and Sansone, GR and Rao, RN and Dubler, NN}, title = {An Interdisciplinary Ethics Panel Approach to End-of-Life Decision Making for Unbefriended Nursing Home Residents.}, journal = {The Journal of clinical ethics}, volume = {33}, number = {2}, pages = {101-111}, pmid = {35731814}, issn = {1046-7890}, mesh = {*Advance Care Planning ; *COVID-19 ; Death ; Decision Making ; Humans ; Nursing Homes ; Pandemics ; Quality of Life ; *Terminal Care ; }, abstract = {For those with advanced life-limiting illness, the optimization of quality of life and avoidance of nonbeneficial treatments at the end of life are key ethical concerns. This article evaluates the efficacy of an Interdisciplinary Ethics Panel (IEP) approach to decision making at the end of life for unbefriended nursing home residents who lack decisional capacity and have advanced life-limiting illness, through the use of a nine-step algorithm developed for this purpose. We reviewed the outcomes of three quality-of-care phased initiatives conducted in our facility, a large public nursing home in New York City, between June 2016 and February 2020, which indicated that this IEP approach promoted advance-care planning, as palliative measures were endorsed to optimize quality of life for this vulnerable population at the end of life. We also examined another quality-of-care initiative when this IEP approach was applied to end-of-life decision making for nursing home residents who had a surrogate during the COVID-19 pandemic. This application appeared to be beneficial in adding more residents to our Palliative Care Program while it improved rates of advance-care planning. When all of the above findings are considered, we believe this novel IEP approach and algorithm have the potential to be applied elsewhere after appropriate assessment.}, }
@article {pmid35731679, year = {2022}, author = {Mohammad, KO and Rodriguez, JBC and Urey, MA}, title = {Coronavirus disease 2019 and the cardiologist.}, journal = {Current opinion in cardiology}, volume = {37}, number = {4}, pages = {335-342}, doi = {10.1097/HCO.0000000000000958}, pmid = {35731679}, issn = {1531-7080}, mesh = {Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology ; *COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; *Cardiologists ; Humans ; *Myocarditis/complications/etiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: There continues to be extensive clinical and epidemiological data to suggest that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is associated with numerous different types of cardiac involvement.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Myocardial injury has been reported in over 25% of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 infection and is not only associated with a worse prognosis but with higher mortality, approaching 40%. Currently proposed mechanisms of myocardial injury include direct viral infection, cytokine storm, endothelial inflammation, demand ischemia, interferon-mediated response and stress cardiomyopathy. COVID-19 infection is associated with new-onset arrhythmias and heart failure regardless of history of previous cardiovascular disease. Echocardiographic findings can be useful to predict mortality in COVID-19 patients and cardiac MRI is an effective tool to both assess COVID-19 induced myocarditis and to follow-up on cardiac complications of COVID-19 long-term. Although there is an association between COVID-19 vaccination and myocarditis, pericarditis or arrhythmias, the risk appears lower when compared to risk attributable to the natural infection.<br><br>SUMMARY: Patients with cardiovascular disease are not only more likely to suffer from severe COVID-19 infection but are at increased risk for further complications and higher mortality. Further data compilation on current and emerging treatments of COVID-19 will have additional impact on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 infection.}, }
@article {pmid35731083, year = {2022}, author = {Colizza, A and Ralli, M and Turchetta, R and Minni, A and Greco, A and de Vincentiis, M}, title = {Otolaryngology adverse events following COVID-19 vaccines.}, journal = {European review for medical and pharmacological sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {11}, pages = {4113-4116}, doi = {10.26355/eurrev_202206_28981}, pmid = {35731083}, issn = {2284-0729}, mesh = {*COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Humans ; *Otolaryngology ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Since the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, the international scientific community aimed at developing a vaccine to protect against the infection and prevent serious forms of the disease. To date, various adverse events of COVID-19 vaccines have been reported, mostly mild to moderate.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this short communication, we reviewed available literature and described the most frequent otolaryngology adverse events reported after COVID-19 vaccination.<br><br>RESULTS: The most frequent adverse events following COVID-19 vaccine described in the literature are represented by audiovestibular symptoms, such as tinnitus, sudden sensorineural hearing loss, vertigo, and dizziness. Other side effects include facial nerve palsy, epistaxis, and oral manifestations (lichen planus, bleeding, ulcers, and vesicles).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 vaccine is of utmost importance in limiting the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Otolaryngology-related side effects have been described, but none was severe or life threatening. The mechanisms underlying these effects are still mostly unknown.}, }
@article {pmid35404911, year = {2022}, author = {Nimmo, A and Gardiner, D and Ushiro-Lumb, I and Ravanan, R and Forsythe, JLR}, title = {The Global Impact of COVID-19 on Solid Organ Transplantation: Two Years Into a Pandemic.}, journal = {Transplantation}, volume = {106}, number = {7}, pages = {1312-1329}, pmid = {35404911}, issn = {1534-6080}, mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19 Testing ; Humans ; *Organ Transplantation/adverse effects/methods ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Transplant Recipients ; }, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a major global impact on solid organ transplantation (SOT). An estimated 16% global reduction in transplant activity occurred over the course of 2020, most markedly impacting kidney transplant and living donor programs, resulting in substantial knock-on effects for waitlisted patients. The increased severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection risk and excess deaths in transplant candidates has resulted in substantial effort to prioritize the safe restart and continuation of transplant programs over the second year of the pandemic, with transplant rates returning towards prepandemic levels. Over the past 2 y, COVID-19 mortality in SOT recipients has fallen from 20%-25% to 8%-10%, attributed to the increased and early availability of SARS-CoV-2 testing, adherence to nonpharmaceutical interventions, development of novel treatments, and vaccination. Despite these positive steps, transplant programs and SOT recipients continue to face challenges. Vaccine efficacy in SOT recipients is substantially lower than the general population and SOT recipients remain at an increased risk of adverse outcomes if they develop COVID-19. SOT recipients and transplant teams need to remain vigilant and ongoing adherence to nonpharmaceutical interventions appears essential. In this review, we summarize the global impact of COVID-19 on transplant activity, donor evaluation, and patient outcomes over the past 2 y, discuss the current strategies aimed at preventing and treating SARS-CoV-2 infection in SOT recipients, and based on lessons learnt from this pandemic, propose steps the transplant community could consider as preparation for future pandemics.}, }
@article {pmid34864876, year = {2022}, author = {, }, title = {ESC guidance for the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: part 2-care pathways, treatment, and follow-up.}, journal = {Cardiovascular research}, volume = {118}, number = {7}, pages = {1618-1666}, doi = {10.1093/cvr/cvab343}, pmid = {34864876}, issn = {1755-3245}, mesh = {*COVID-19/diagnosis ; *Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis/epidemiology/therapy ; Critical Pathways ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Prospective Studies ; }, abstract = {AIMS: Since its emergence in early 2020, the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has reached pandemic levels, and there have been repeated outbreaks across the globe. The aim of this two part series is to provide practical knowledge and guidance to aid clinicians in the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular (CV) disease in association with COVID-19.<br><br>METHODS AND RESULTS: A narrative literature review of the available evidence has been performed, and the resulting information has been organized into two parts. The first, which was reported previously, focused on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of CV conditions that may be manifest in patients with COVID-19. This second part addresses the topics of: care pathways and triage systems and management and treatment pathways, both of the most commonly encountered CV conditions and of COVID-19; and information that may be considered useful to help patients with CV disease (CVD) to avoid exposure to COVID-19.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This comprehensive review is not a formal guideline but rather a document that provides a summary of current knowledge and guidance to practicing clinicians managing patients with CVD and COVID-19. The recommendations are mainly the result of observations and personal experience from healthcare providers. Therefore, the information provided here may be subject to change with increasing knowledge, evidence from prospective studies, and changes in the pandemic. Likewise, the guidance provided in the document should not interfere with recommendations provided by local and national healthcare authorities.}, }
@article {pmid34657578, year = {2022}, author = {Jin, S and Nepal, N and Gao, Y}, title = {The role of toll-like receptors in peptic ulcer disease.}, journal = {Immunological medicine}, volume = {45}, number = {2}, pages = {69-78}, doi = {10.1080/25785826.2021.1963190}, pmid = {34657578}, issn = {2578-5826}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; *Helicobacter pylori/metabolism ; Humans ; *Peptic Ulcer/etiology ; Toll-Like Receptor 2/genetics/metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism ; }, abstract = {Helicobacter pylori (HP) is the primary etiologic factor that induces events in the immune system that lead to peptic ulcers. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an important part of the innate immune system, as they play pivotal roles in pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) recognition of HP as well host-associated damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Recent advancements such as COX-2 production, LPS recognition through TLR2, CagL, and CagY protein of HP activating TLR5, TLR9 activation via type IV secretion system (T4SS) using DNA transfer, TLR polymorphisms, their adaptor molecules, cytokines, and other factors play a significant role in PUD. Thus, some novel PUD treatments including Chuyou Yuyang granules, function by TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway suppression and TNF-α and IL-18 inhibition also rely on TLR signaling. Similarly glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) treatment activates TLR-4 in Ana-1 cells not via TRIF, but via MYD88 expression, which is significantly upregulated to cure PUD. Therefore, understanding TLR signaling complexity and its resultant immune modulation after host-pathogen interactions is pivotal to drug and vaccine development for other diseases as well including cancer and recent pandemic COVID-19. In this review, we summarize the TLRs and HP interaction; its pathophysiology-related signaling pathways, polymorphisms, and pharmaceutical approaches toward PUD.}, }
@article {pmid34474626, year = {2022}, author = {Irons, R and Gibbon, S}, title = {Consciously quarantined: a review of the early anthropological response to the global COVID-19 lockdown.}, journal = {Anthropology &amp; medicine}, volume = {29}, number = {2}, pages = {223-236}, doi = {10.1080/13648470.2021.1890693}, pmid = {34474626}, issn = {1469-2910}, mesh = {Anthropology, Medical ; *COVID-19 ; Communicable Disease Control ; Humans ; Quarantine ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Whilst quarantine has been experienced in a multitude of ways around the world, for some anthropologists the quietening of public movement was met with a flurry of attentive typing. For those who were consciously quarantined, a social science response to COVID-19 was sought at University College London through a call for posts as part of the UCL Medical Anthropology blog; capturing the real-time observations and scholarly reflections on the unfolding pandemic situation as it reached its height across the globe. The global flow of coronavirus - both as a literal microbial agent and as an idea - has played out on the 'coronascape' in multiple ways since it exploded onto worldwide consciousness in early 2020. From an anthropological perspective, concerns have oscillated around a number of crucial themes, from (micro)biopolitics, governance, and sovereignty; the defence of borders from foreign bodies and post-colonial Others; a strengthening of medical pluralism and the global biomedical hegemony, and concerns over where to go from here as second-waves and the social consequences of such loom large. Such themes have often interrelated and tangoed with one another as individuals have reflected upon their significance. In this review we provide a critical overview of the first fifty-seven posts that were sent to the blog in the initial months of the pandemic; with contributors exploring the developing pandemic in over twenty countries, and with posts visited daily by over two thousand visitors from across the world during the months of the UK lockdown (March-May).}, }
@article {pmid35738600, year = {2022}, author = {Morin, A and Sideris, M and Platts, S and Palamarchuk, T and Odejinmi, F}, title = {To Fight or to Flee? A Systematic Review of Ectopic Pregnancy Management and Complications During the Covid-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {In vivo (Athens, Greece)}, volume = {36}, number = {4}, pages = {1570-1579}, doi = {10.21873/invivo.12867}, pmid = {35738600}, issn = {1791-7549}, abstract = {BACKGROUND/AIM: During the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns regarding theoretical risks of surgery contributed to changes in clinical management to prevent contamination. We looked at the effect the pandemic had on the management of ectopic pregnancy. Our review compares published data on pre-COVID to COVID management of ectopic pregnancies and evaluates the differences where Early Pregnancy Unit (EPU) structures exist.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a systematic review of the published evidence using a keyword strategy. The "Population Intervention Comparison and Outcome" (PICO) criteria were used to select studies. Three independent reviewers agreed on the data extracted after screening of the literature. The total population analysed included 3122 women. A meta-analysis of the included studies was completed using a random or fixed effect model depending on the heterogeneity (I2). Our outcomes were the following: type of management of ectopic pregnancy (EP), incidence of ruptured EP and rate of complications. We compared units with and without EPU infrastructure.<br><br>RESULTS: We included every study which recruited women diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy and compared the type of management during and prior the COVID-19 peak. Our literature search yielded 34 papers. 12 were included using the PRISMA guidelines. We observed no difference in the type of management (surgical versus non-surgical) [OR=0.99 (0.63-1.55), p=0.96, I2=77%] in the pre-Covid vs. Covid cohorts overall but a reduction of surgical management in EPU structures. There was no difference in the ectopic rupture rate within the EPU branch [OR=0.66 (0.33-1.31), p=0.24, I2=37%]. In contrast, in non-EPU (NPEU) structures there was a clear increased risk of ruptured ectopic pregnancy [OR=2.86 (1.84-4.46), p<0.01 I2=13%] and complications [OR=1.69 (1.23-2.31), p=0.001, I2=45%].<br><br>CONCLUSION: The risk of ruptured ectopic and complications was significantly higher in the absence of EPU structures. This worldwide trend was not reflected in the UK, where EPU systems are widespread, suggesting that EPU structures contributed to prompt diagnosis and safe management. In the post-COVID era, healthcare systems have come to realise that pandemics might become the norm and thus the onus is to identify services that have worked seamlessly.}, }
@article {pmid35738431, year = {2022}, author = {Ryota, O and Teruhito, Y}, title = {Monoclonal antibody therapeutics for infectious diseases: Beyond normal human immunoglobulin.}, journal = {Pharmacology &amp; therapeutics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {108233}, doi = {10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108233}, pmid = {35738431}, issn = {1879-016X}, abstract = {Antibody therapy is effective for treating infectious diseases. Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the rise of drug-resistant bacteria, rapid development of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to treat infectious diseases is urgently needed. Using a therapeutic human mAb with the lowest immunogenicity is recommended, because chimera and humanized mAbs are occasionally immunogenic. In order to directly obtain naïve human mAbs, there are three methods: phage display, B cell receptor (BCR) cDNA sequencing of a single cell, and antibody-encoding gene and amino acid sequencing of immortalized cells using memory B cells, which are isolated from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy, vaccinated, infected, or recovered individuals. After screening against the antigen and performing neutralization assays, a human neutralizing mAb is constructed from the antibody-encoding DNA sequences of these memory B cells. This review describes examples of obtaining human neutralizing mAbs against various infectious diseases using these methods. However, a few of these mAbs have been approved for therapy. Therefore, antigen characterization and evaluation of neutralization activity in vitro and in vivo are indispensable for the development of therapeutic mAbs. These results will accelerate the development of antibody drug as therapeutic agents.}, }
@article {pmid35738178, year = {2022}, author = {Bastani, S and Vahedian, V and Rashidi, M and Mir, A and Mirzaei, S and Alipourfard, I and Pouremamali, F and Nejabati, H and Kadkhoda, J and Maroufi, NF and Akbarzadeh, M}, title = {An evaluation on potential anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Crocin.}, journal = {Biomedicine &amp; pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine &amp; pharmacotherapie}, volume = {153}, number = {}, pages = {113297}, doi = {10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113297}, pmid = {35738178}, issn = {1950-6007}, abstract = {Crocin, an active ingredient derived from saffron, is one of the herbal components that has recently been considered by researchers. Crocin has been shown to have many anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and therefore can be used to treat various diseases. It has been shown that Crocin has a positive effect on the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and kidney disease. In addition, the role of this substance in COVID-19 pandemic has been identified. In this review article, we tried to have a comprehensive review of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Crocin in different diseases and different tissues. In conclusion, Crocin may be helpful in pathological conditions that are associated with inflammation and oxidative stress.}, }
@article {pmid35738049, year = {2022}, author = {Antiochia, R}, title = {Electrochemical biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection: Voltametric or impedimetric transduction?.}, journal = {Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands)}, volume = {147}, number = {}, pages = {108190}, doi = {10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108190}, pmid = {35738049}, issn = {1878-562X}, abstract = {During the COVID-19 pandemic, electrochemical biosensors have shown several advantages including accuracy, low cost, possibility of miniaturization and portability, which make them an interesting testing method for rapid point-of-care (POC) detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection, allowing the detection of both viral RNA and viral antigens. Herein, we reviewed advancements in electrochemical biosensing platforms towards the detection of SARS-CoV-2 based on voltametric and impedimetric transduction modes, highlighting the advantages and drawbacks of the two methods.}, }
@article {pmid35737748, year = {2022}, author = {Bozkurt, B and Das, SR and Addison, D and Gupta, A and Jneid, H and Khan, SS and Koromia, GA and Kulkarni, PA and LaPoint, K and Lewis, EF and Michos, ED and Peterson, PN and Turagam, MK and Wang, TY and Yancy, CW}, title = {2022 AHA/ACC Key Data Elements and Definitions for Cardiovascular and Noncardiovascular Complications of COVID-19: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Data Standards.}, journal = {Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {101161HCQ0000000000000111}, doi = {10.1161/HCQ.0000000000000111}, pmid = {35737748}, issn = {1941-7705}, }
@article {pmid35737018, year = {2022}, author = {Rozani, S and Evangelou, K and Schuffert, L and Hahn, E and Tsagkaris, C and Matis, G and Papadakis, M}, title = {[Burnout and dependence among medical personnel timeless and during the COVID-19 pandemic, using surgery and anesthesia as examples].}, journal = {Chirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35737018}, issn = {2731-698X}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic affects the mental health and professional behavior of surgeons and anesthesiologists and seems to have an impact on substance dependence.<br><br>QUESTION: What are the reasons for the occurrence of substance dependence and burnout in surgeons and anesthesiologists timelessly and during the COVID-19 pandemic and what improvement measures could help in the clinical practice?<br><br>MATERIAL AND METHODS: A literature search was conducted in the form of a systematic review of studies and review articles relevant to the topic.<br><br>RESULTS: Over the years it has been shown that surgeons and anesthesiologists are prone to drug dependence due to their direct access to medications in the clinical field and work-related stress. In particular, surgeons and anesthesiologists appeared to have an increased propensity for addictive diseases and an increased risk of burnout in the pandemic.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Preventive measures in favor of better working conditions in surgery and anesthesia and better drug control (not only for dispensing but also for correct drug testing), as well as more treatment and reintegration programs under psychiatric supervision and in collaboration with a multidisciplinary team are meaningful.}, }
@article {pmid35736775, year = {2022}, author = {Courtney, J and Titus-Lay, E and Malhotra, A and Nehira, J and Mohamed, I and Mente, W and Le, U and Buckley, L and Feng, X and Vinall, R}, title = {COVID-19-Driven Improvements and Innovations in Pharmacy Education: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {10}, number = {3}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/pharmacy10030060}, pmid = {35736775}, issn = {2226-4787}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic led to many colleges of pharmacy having to make major changes relating to their infrastructure and delivery of their curriculum within a very short time frame, including the transition of many components to an online setting. This scoping review sought to summarize what is known about the impact of COVID-19 on pharmacy education and the effectiveness of adaptation strategies which were put in place. PubMed, Web of Science, OVID Medline, and MedEdPortal were searched to identify pharmacy education-related articles published since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. For article inclusion, the following criteria had to be met: described original research, related directly to PharmD or PharmBS education, related to the impact of COVID-19 on pharmacy education, and was available in English. Out of a total of 813 articles, 50 primary research articles were selected for inclusion. Our review of these identified four domains relating to the impact of COVID-19 on pharmacy education and/or effectiveness of adaptation strategies: (1) lab-based courses and activities (including interprofessional education activities), (2) experiential education, (3) didactic education, and (4) student well-being. The key research findings are summarized and discussed. While the COVID-19 pandemic has clearly brought many challenges to pharmacy education, it has also led to key improvements and innovations.}, }
@article {pmid35736656, year = {2022}, author = {Gangi, R and Corrias, A and Pintus, R and Marcialis, MA and Fanos, V}, title = {What to Expect from COVID-19 and from COVID-19 Vaccine for Expecting or Lactating Women.}, journal = {Pediatric reports}, volume = {14}, number = {2}, pages = {262-275}, doi = {10.3390/pediatric14020034}, pmid = {35736656}, issn = {2036-749X}, abstract = {Recent studies identified pregnancy as a high-risk condition for the development of maternal-fetal complications in the case of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, the scientific community is now considering pregnant women a "fragile" category that should be vaccinated with high priority. The number of pregnant women undergoing hospitalization since summer 2021, including Intensive Care Unit admission, is growing, as well as the risk of preterm birth. Evidence from both animals and humans suggest that, similarly to other vaccines routinely administered in pregnancy, COVID-19 vaccines are not crossing the placenta, do not increase the risk of miscarriage, preterm birth, stillbirth, the birth of small gestational age neonates, as well as the risk of congenital abnormalities. To date, the World Health Organization and scientific literature are promoting and encouraging the vaccination of all pregnant and lactating women. The aim of our narrative review is to present the available literature regarding this issue with the aim to provide appropriate answers to the most frequent requests, doubts, and fears that have led many expecting and lactating women not to become vaccinated during this pandemic period.}, }
@article {pmid35736648, year = {2022}, author = {Vojdani, A and Vojdani, E and Rosenberg, AZ and Shoenfeld, Y}, title = {The Role of Exposomes in the Pathophysiology of Autoimmune Diseases II: Pathogens.}, journal = {Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology}, volume = {29}, number = {2}, pages = {243-280}, doi = {10.3390/pathophysiology29020020}, pmid = {35736648}, issn = {1873-149X}, abstract = {In our continuing examination of the role of exposomes in autoimmune disease, we use this review to focus on pathogens. Infections are major contributors to the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases through various mechanisms, foremost being molecular mimicry, when the structural similarity between the pathogen and a human tissue antigen leads to autoimmune reactivity and even autoimmune disease. The three best examples of this are oral pathogens, SARS-CoV-2, and the herpesviruses. Oral pathogens reach the gut, disturb the microbiota, increase gut permeability, cause local inflammation, and generate autoantigens, leading to systemic inflammation, multiple autoimmune reactivities, and systemic autoimmunity. The COVID-19 pandemic put the spotlight on SARS-CoV-2, which has been called "the autoimmune virus." We explore in detail the evidence supporting this. We also describe how viruses, in particular herpesviruses, have a role in the induction of many different autoimmune diseases, detailing the various mechanisms involved. Lastly, we discuss the microbiome and the beneficial microbiota that populate it. We look at the role of the gut microbiome in autoimmune disorders, because of its role in regulating the immune system. Dysbiosis of the microbiota in the gut microbiome can lead to multiple autoimmune disorders. We conclude that understanding the precise roles and relationships shared by all these factors that comprise the exposome and identifying early events and root causes of these disorders can help us to develop more targeted therapeutic protocols for the management of this worldwide epidemic of autoimmunity.}, }
@article {pmid35736349, year = {2022}, author = {da Silveira Gorman, R and Syed, IU}, title = {Connecting the Dots in Emerging Mast Cell Research: Do Factors Affecting Mast Cell Activation Provide a Missing Link between Adverse COVID-19 Outcomes and the Social Determinants of Health?.}, journal = {Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {10}, number = {2}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/medsci10020029}, pmid = {35736349}, issn = {2076-3271}, abstract = {Evidence continues to emerge that the social determinants of health play a role in adverse outcomes related to COVID-19, including increased morbidity and mortality, increased risk of long COVID, and vaccine adverse effects. Therefore, a more nuanced understanding of the biochemical and cellular pathways of illnesses commonly associated with adverse social determinants of health is urgently needed. We contend that a commitment to understanding adverse outcomes in historically marginalized communities will increase community-level confidence in public health measures. Here, we synthesize emerging literature on mast cell disease, and the role of mast cells in chronic illness, alongside emerging research on mechanisms of COVID illness and vaccines. We propose that a focus on aberrant and/or hyperactive mast cell behavior associated with chronic underlying health conditions can elucidate adverse COVID-related outcomes and contribute to the pandemic recovery. Standards of care for mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS), as well as clinical reviews, experimental research, and case reports, suggest that effective and cost-efficient remedies are available, including antihistamines, vitamin C, and quercetin, among others. Primary care physicians, specialists, and public health workers should consider new and emerging evidence from the biomedical literature in tackling COVID-19. Specialists and researchers note that MCAS is likely grossly under-diagnosed; therefore, public health agencies and policy makers should urgently attend to community-based experiences of adverse COVID outcomes. It is essential that we extract and examine experiential evidence of marginalized communities from the broader political-ideological discourse.}, }
@article {pmid35736068, year = {2022}, author = {Gioia, F and Albasata, H and Hosseini-Moghaddam, SM}, title = {Concurrent Infection with SARS-CoV-2 and Pneumocystis jirovecii in Immunocompromised and Immunocompetent Individuals.}, journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {8}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/jof8060585}, pmid = {35736068}, issn = {2309-608X}, abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may occur with concurrent infections caused by bacterial and fungal microorganisms. This systematic review evaluated studies reporting concomitant COVID-19 and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP). We found 39 patients (74% male, median age: 56.8 (range: 11-83) years), including 66% immunosuppressed individuals (23% HIV-infected and 41% on long-term corticosteroid therapy). Patients were characteristically severely ill (mechanical ventilation: 70%), associated with 41% mortality. The median lymphocyte count was 527 cells/mm3 (range: 110-2200), and the median CD4+ T cell count was 206 cells/mm3 (range: 8-1021). We identified three patterns of concurrent COVID-19 and P. jirovecii infection. The first pattern (airway colonization with a low burden of P. jirovecii) does not seem to modify the COVID-19 course of illness. However, P. jirovecii superinfection, typically occurring weeks after COVID-19 diagnosis as a biphasic illness, and P. jirovecii coinfection characteristically results in progressive multilobar pneumonia, which is associated with poor outcomes. To support this categorization, we reported three patients with concurrent PJP and COVID-19 identified in our institution, presenting these clinical scenarios. The diagnosis of PJP requires a high index of suspicion, since clinical and radiological characteristics overlap with COVID-19. Observational studies are necessary to determine the PJP burden in patients with COVID-19 requiring hospitalization.}, }
@article {pmid35736018, year = {2022}, author = {Cicchella, A}, title = {Recommendations for Resuming PA after Prolonged Rest in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Integrative Review of Relevance for Immunity.}, journal = {Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/jfmk7020047}, pmid = {35736018}, issn = {2411-5142}, abstract = {This systematic integrative review aims to summarize the protective effect of PA on children and adolescents, with special reference to the immune system. Periods of prolonged inactivity in children and adolescents are rare and due to exceptional events, such as illness or environmental circumstances, e.g., natural disasters, wars, or epidemics. The recent COVID-19 pandemic forced billions of children in developmental ages into inactivity. This exceptional event was the reason for studying the compensational behavioral strategies adopted by children and adolescents to counteract physical inactivity. Several studies showed the rise of spontaneous physical activity (PA) among children and adolescents to compensate for sedentarism. However, for some children, sedentarism could in turn foster other sedentarism. With the restart of "normal daily life" worldwide, a question is posed on both how to resume PA without causing damage and how to improve the immune response. Some key points emerged from the literature. Children must resume PA gradually using different methods, considering age, sex, health status, and the presence of overweight conditions. Immunity can be stimulated with PA by aerobic exercise, resistance training, flexibility exercise, relaxation, and coordinative exercises.}, }
@article {pmid35735936, year = {2022}, author = {Gera, AK and Burra, RK}, title = {The Rise of Polymeric Microneedles: Recent Developments, Advances, Challenges, and Applications with Regard to Transdermal Drug Delivery.}, journal = {Journal of functional biomaterials}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/jfb13020081}, pmid = {35735936}, issn = {2079-4983}, abstract = {The current scenario of the quest for microneedles (MNs) with biodegradability and biocompatibility properties is a potential research area of interest. Microneedles are considered to be robust, can penetrate the skin's deep-seated layers, and are easy to manufacture, and their applications from the clinical perspective are still ongoing with standard escalation. This review paper focuses on some of the pivotal variants of polymeric microneedles which are specifically dissolvable and swell-based MNs. It further explores the drug dissolution kinetics and insertion behavior mechanisms with an emphasis on the need for mathematical modeling of MNs. This review further evaluates the multifarious fabrication methods, with an update on the advances in the fabrication of polymeric MNs, the choice of materials used for the fabrication, the challenges in polymeric MN fabrication, and the prospects of polymeric MNs with applications pertinent to healthcare, by exclusively focusing on the procurable literature over the last decade.}, }
@article {pmid35735558, year = {2022}, author = {Asghar, R and Rasheed, M and Ul Hassan, J and Rafique, M and Khan, M and Deng, Y}, title = {Advancements in Testing Strategies for COVID-19.}, journal = {Biosensors}, volume = {12}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/bios12060410}, pmid = {35735558}, issn = {2079-6374}, abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, also known as the disease-causing agent for COVID-19, is a virulent pathogen that may infect people and certain animals. The global spread of COVID-19 and its emerging variation necessitates the development of rapid, reliable, simple, and low-cost diagnostic tools. Many methodologies and devices have been developed for the highly sensitive, selective, cost-effective, and rapid diagnosis of COVID-19. This review organizes the diagnosis platforms into four groups: imaging, molecular-based detection, serological testing, and biosensors. Each platform's principle, advancement, utilization, and challenges for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 are discussed in detail. In addition, an overview of the impact of variants on detection, commercially available kits, and readout signal analysis has been presented. This review will expand our understanding of developing advanced diagnostic approaches to evolve into susceptible, precise, and reproducible technologies to combat any future outbreak.}, }
@article {pmid35735432, year = {2022}, author = {Granek, L and Nakash, O}, title = {Oncology Healthcare Professionals' Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.)}, volume = {29}, number = {6}, pages = {4054-4067}, doi = {10.3390/curroncol29060323}, pmid = {35735432}, issn = {1718-7729}, abstract = {The paper begins by reviewing the literature on oncology healthcare professionals' (HCP) mental health. We summarize and present the current data on HCP mental health in order to understand the baseline state of oncology HCPs' mental health status prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. At each juncture, we will discuss the implications of these mental health variables on the personal lives of HCPs, the healthcare system, and patient care. We follow by reviewing the literature on these parameters during the COVID-19 pandemic in order to better understand the impact of COVID-19 on the overall mental health of HCPs working in oncology. By reviewing and summarizing the data before and after the start of the pandemic, we will get a fuller picture of the pre-existing stressors facing oncology HCPs and the added burden caused by pandemic-related stresses. The second part of this review paper will discuss the implications for the oncology workforce and offer recommendations based on the research literature in order to improve the lives of HCPs, and in the process, improve patient care.}, }
@article {pmid35735424, year = {2022}, author = {Owen, C and Robinson, S and Christofides, A and Sehn, LH}, title = {A Canadian Perspective: Monoclonal Antibodies for Pre- and Post-Exposure Protection from COVID-19 in Vulnerable Patients with Hematological Malignancies.}, journal = {Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.)}, volume = {29}, number = {6}, pages = {3940-3949}, doi = {10.3390/curroncol29060315}, pmid = {35735424}, issn = {1718-7729}, support = {NA//AstraZeneca (Canada)/ ; }, abstract = {Patients with hematological malignancies have an increased risk of serious outcomes following COVID-19 infection, suggesting broader protection is needed beyond vaccination. Monoclonal antibodies such as sotrovimab, casirivimab-imdevimab, and bamlanivimab have provided valuable options for the treatment of COVID-19 disease. More recently, monoclonal antibodies have been examined for the prevention of COVID-19 infection. The monoclonal antibody combination, tixagevimab-cilgavimab, was recently approved by Health Canada as pre-exposure prophylaxis against COVID-19 in individuals who are immunocompromised or where vaccination is not recommended. Prophylactic approaches such as the use of tixagevimab-cilgavimab, in addition to COVID-19 vaccination, may provide additional protection for patients with hematological malignancies who are at greater risk of serious outcomes from COVID-19 infection.}, }
@article {pmid35735379, year = {2022}, author = {Yu, LT}, title = {The Effect of Videoconferencing on Second-Language Learning: A Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {12}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/bs12060169}, pmid = {35735379}, issn = {2076-328X}, support = {108-2410-H-030-042//Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Republic of China)/ ; }, abstract = {To mitigate the unexpected closure of educational institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic, e-learning has become a practical alternative to conventional face-to-face instruction. Videoconferencing, a synchronous computer-mediated communication (SCMC) approach, has been adopted as a venue to continue student learning activities. However, in the field of second-language (L2) education, videoconferencing had already been integrated into learning tasks, enabling L2 learners to have more opportunities to access authentic linguistic input and participate in interactions with more proficient users or native speakers of the target languages. Research has reported the pedagogical benefits of learners' L2 achievement that are provided by videoconferencing, whereas some studies have reached a different conclusion. To further ascertain the effectiveness of videoconferencing in L2 learning, meta-analysis can be used to provide statistical evidence of the significance of study results, which serves as a useful reference for the application of videoconferencing to current e-learning practices. Thus, systematic meta-analysis was used in this study to synthesize the findings from experimental and quasi-experimental research into the effectiveness of videoconferencing for L2 learning. Videoconferencing approaches led to positive, medium overall effects in control/experimental group comparisons (g = 0.35, p < 0.5) on the L2 language development of listening and speaking abilities. However, this conclusion is based on five studies and, thus, needs to be treated cautiously. The implications of the findings and suggestions for future studies are discussed.}, }
@article {pmid35735365, year = {2022}, author = {Fancello, V and Fancello, G and Hatzopoulos, S and Bianchini, C and Stomeo, F and Pelucchi, S and Ciorba, A}, title = {Sensorineural Hearing Loss Post-COVID-19 Infection: An Update.}, journal = {Audiology research}, volume = {12}, number = {3}, pages = {307-315}, doi = {10.3390/audiolres12030032}, pmid = {35735365}, issn = {2039-4330}, abstract = {The course of COVID-19 infection may be complicated by a variety of neurological manifestations. Since the inner ear is vulnerable to viruses, sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) has been reported to occur following the SARS-CoV-2 infection, often resulting in long-term morbidity and worsening the quality of life. The interest in how the virus affects the inner ear has gradually increased since the pandemic's spread, but little is still known about the SNHL potentially caused by SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the possible association between SNHL and COVID-19 infection, through a systematic literature review. Currently available data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 may hamper cochlear function; however, available reports are still limited. Large cohort and prospective studies are necessary to evaluate the long-term effects of this viral infection in the inner ear.}, }
@article {pmid35735186, year = {2022}, author = {Pirzada, M and Altintas, Z}, title = {Nanomaterials for virus sensing and tracking.}, journal = {Chemical Society reviews}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1039/d1cs01150b}, pmid = {35735186}, issn = {1460-4744}, abstract = {The effect of the on-going COVID-19 pandemic on global healthcare systems has underlined the importance of timely and cost-effective point-of-care diagnosis of viruses. The need for ultrasensitive easy-to-use platforms has culminated in an increased interest for rapid response equipment-free alternatives to conventional diagnostic methods such as polymerase chain reaction, western-blot assay, etc. Furthermore, the poor stability and the bleaching behavior of several contemporary fluorescent reporters is a major obstacle in understanding the mechanism of viral infection thus retarding drug screening and development. Owing to their extraordinary surface-to-volume ratio as well as their quantum confinement and charge transfer properties, nanomaterials are desirable additives to sensing and imaging systems to amplify their signal response as well as temporal resolution. Their large surface area promotes biomolecular integration as well as efficacious signal transduction. Due to their hole mobility, photostability, resistance to photobleaching, and intense brightness, nanomaterials have a considerable edge over organic dyes for single virus tracking. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of combining carbon-allotrope, inorganic and organic-based nanomaterials with virus sensing and tracking methods, starting with the impact of human pathogenic viruses on the society. We address how different nanomaterials can be used in various virus sensing platforms (e.g. lab-on-a-chip, paper, and smartphone-based point-of-care systems) as well as in virus tracking applications. We discuss the enormous potential for the use of nanomaterials as simple, versatile, and affordable tools for detecting and tracing viruses infectious to humans, animals, plants as well as bacteria. We present latest examples in this direction by emphasizing major advantages and limitations.}, }
@article {pmid35735066, year = {2022}, author = {Morello, R and Pepe, M and Martino, L and Lazzareschi, I and Chiaretti, A and Gatto, A and Curatola, A}, title = {COVID-19 review shows that benefits of vaccinating children and adolescents appear to outweigh risks of post-vaccination myopericarditis.}, journal = {Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/apa.16462}, pmid = {35735066}, issn = {1651-2227}, abstract = {AIM: Myopericarditis after COVID-19 vaccination were the most serious adverse events reported in children over 5 years of age. We want summarize these cases, describing their incidence, clinical features, diagnostic pathways, therapeutic strategies and outcome.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was conducted until 20 March 2022 by bibliographic electronic databases. We included all reports of post-vaccination myopericarditis in children aged between 5 and 18 years.<br><br>RESULTS: All reported cases had elevated serum Troponin levels, associated with electrocardiogram changes, but often with normal echocardiogram. Cardiac magnetic resonance images always showed typical alterations. The pathogenetic mechanism is still unknown. Myocarditis following post-COVID vaccination is more frequent in males with an average age of about 15 years. Treatment involves the usage of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and the average hospitalization is about 3 days. The long-term consequences are not yet known, so these patients should be studied in a cardiological follow up and abstention from physical activity should be recommended.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The benefits of COVID-19 vaccination in children and adolescents appear to outweigh the risk of developing post-vaccination myopericarditis. We can also speculate a possible approval of vaccination in children under 5 years for the coming winter.}, }
@article {pmid35734755, year = {2022}, author = {Narayanan, SN and Shivappa, P and Padiyath, S and Bhaskar, A and Li, YW and Merghani, TH}, title = {The Prevalence and Pathophysiology of Chemical Sense Disorder Caused by the Novel Coronavirus.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {839182}, doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2022.839182}, pmid = {35734755}, issn = {2296-2565}, abstract = {Emerging viral infections are a ceaseless challenge and remain a global public health concern. The world has not yet come back to normal from the devastating effects of the highly contagious and pathogenic novel coronavirus, or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Olfactory and taste dysfunction is common in patients infected by the novel coronavirus. In light of the emergence of different coronavirus variants, it is important to update the prevalence and pathophysiology of these side effects. In this review, articles published on the prevalence of olfactory and taste dysfunction from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and their possible pathophysiologic mechanisms have been reviewed and reported. The modulatory role of different SARS-CoV-2 variants on the chemical senses is then described. The clinical relevance of chemical sense disorder and its long-term morbidity and management is also discussed.}, }
@article {pmid35734754, year = {2022}, author = {Pires, SM and Wyper, GMA and Wengler, A and Peñalvo, JL and Haneef, R and Moran, D and Cuschieri, S and Redondo, HG and De Pauw, R and McDonald, SA and Moon, L and Shedrawy, J and Pallari, E and Charalampous, P and Devleesschauwer, B and Von Der Lippe, E}, title = {Burden of Disease of COVID-19: Strengthening the Collaboration for National Studies.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {907012}, doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2022.907012}, pmid = {35734754}, issn = {2296-2565}, abstract = {Objectives: Quantifying the combined impact of morbidity and mortality is a key enabler to assessing the impact of COVID-19 across countries and within countries relative to other diseases, regions, or demographics. Differences in methods, data sources, and definitions of mortality due to COVID-19 may hamper comparisons. We describe efforts to support countries in estimating the national-level burden of COVID-19 using disability-adjusted life years.<br><br>Methods: The European Burden of Disease Network developed a consensus methodology, as well as a range of capacity-building activities to support burden of COVID-19 studies. These activities have supported 11 national studies so far, with study periods between January 2020 and December 2021.<br><br>Results: National studies dealt with various data gaps and different assumptions were made to face knowledge gaps. Still, they delivered broadly comparable results that allow for interpretation of consistencies, as well as differences in the quantified direct health impact of the pandemic.<br><br>Discussion: Harmonized efforts and methodologies have allowed for comparable estimates and communication of results. Future studies should evaluate the impact of interventions, and unravel the indirect health impact of the COVID-19 crisis.}, }
@article {pmid35734547, year = {2022}, author = {Basto-Abreu, A and Barrientos-Gutierrez, T and Wade, AN and Oliveira de Melo, D and Semeão de Souza, AS and Nunes, BP and Perianayagam, A and Tian, M and Yan, LL and Ghosh, A and Miranda, JJ}, title = {Multimorbidity matters in low and middle-income countries.}, journal = {Journal of multimorbidity and comorbidity}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {26335565221106074}, doi = {10.1177/26335565221106074}, pmid = {35734547}, issn = {2633-5565}, abstract = {Multimorbidity is a complex challenge affecting individuals, families, caregivers, and health systems worldwide. The burden of multimorbidity is remarkable in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) given the many existing challenges in these settings. Investigating multimorbidity in LMICs poses many challenges including the different conditions studied, and the restriction of data sources to relatively few countries, limiting comparability and representativeness. This has led to a paucity of evidence on multimorbidity prevalence and trends, disease clusters, and health outcomes, particularly longitudinal outcomes. In this paper, based on our experience of investigating multimorbidity in LMICs contexts, we discuss how the structure of the health system does not favor addressing multimorbidity, and how this is amplified by social and economic disparities and, more recently, by the COVID-19 pandemic. We argue that generating epidemiologic data around multimorbidity with similar methods and definition is essential to improve comparability, guide clinical decision-making and inform policies, research priorities, and local responses. We call for action on policy to refinance and prioritize primary care and integrated care as the center of multimorbidity.}, }
@article {pmid35733911, year = {2022}, author = {Watkins, RR}, title = {Antibiotic stewardship in the era of precision medicine.}, journal = {JAC-antimicrobial resistance}, volume = {4}, number = {3}, pages = {dlac066}, doi = {10.1093/jacamr/dlac066}, pmid = {35733911}, issn = {2632-1823}, abstract = {Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) continues to spread at an alarming rate worldwide. Novel approaches are needed to mitigate its deleterious impact on antibiotic efficacy. Antibiotic stewardship aims to promote the appropriate use of antibiotics through evidence-based interventions. One paradigm is precision medicine, a medical model in which decisions, practices, interventions, and therapies are adapted to the individual patient based on their predicted response or risk of disease. Precision medicine approaches hold promise as a way to improve outcomes for patients with myriad illnesses, including infections such as bacteraemia and pneumonia. This review describes the latest advances in precision medicine as they pertain to antibiotic stewardship, with an emphasis on hospital-based antibiotic stewardship programmes. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on AMR and antibiotic stewardship, gaps in the scientific evidence, and areas for further research are also discussed.}, }
@article {pmid35733871, year = {2022}, author = {Landry, V and Coburn, P and Kost, K and Liu, X and Li-Jessen, NYK}, title = {Diagnostic Accuracy of Liquid Biomarkers in Airway Diseases: Toward Point-of-Care Applications.}, journal = {Frontiers in medicine}, volume = {9}, number = {}, pages = {855250}, doi = {10.3389/fmed.2022.855250}, pmid = {35733871}, issn = {2296-858X}, abstract = {Background: Liquid biomarkers have shown increasing utility in the clinical management of airway diseases. Salivary and blood samples are particularly amenable to point-of-care (POC) testing due to simple specimen collection and processing. However, very few POC tests have successfully progressed to clinical application due to the uncertainty and unpredictability surrounding their diagnostic accuracy.<br><br>Objective: To review liquid biomarkers of airway diseases with well-established diagnostic accuracies and discuss their prospects for future POC applications.<br><br>Methodology: A literature review of publications indexed in Medline or Embase was performed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of liquid biomarkers for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), and COVID-19.<br><br>Results: Of 3,628 studies, 71 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Sputum and blood eosinophils were the most frequently investigated biomarkers for the management of asthma and COPD. Salivary pepsin was the only biomarker with a well-documented accuracy for the diagnosis of LPR. Inflammatory blood biomarkers (e.g., CRP, D-dimers, ferritin) were found to be useful to predict the severity, complications, and mortality related to COVID-19 infection.<br><br>Conclusion: Multiple liquid biomarkers have well-established diagnostic accuracies and are thus amenable to POC testing in clinical settings.}, }
@article {pmid35733654, year = {2022}, author = {Wishahi, M and Kamal, NM}, title = {Multidisciplinary basic and clinical research of acute kidney injury with COVID-19: Pathophysiology, mechanisms, incidence, management and kidney transplantation.}, journal = {World journal of nephrology}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {105-114}, doi = {10.5527/wjn.v11.i3.105}, pmid = {35733654}, issn = {2220-6124}, abstract = {Acute kidney injury (AKI) linked to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been identified in the course of the disease. AKI can be mild or severe and that is dependent on the presence of comorbidities and the severity of COVID-19. Among patients who had been hospitalized with COVID-19, some were admitted to intensive care unit. The etiology of AKI associated with COVID-19 is multifactorial. Prevention of severe AKI is the prime task in patients with COVID-19 that necessitates a battery of measurements and precautions in management. Patients with AKI who have needed dialysis are in an increased risk to develop chronic kidney disease (CKD) or a progression of their existing CKD. Kidney transplantation patients with COVID-19 are in need of special management to adjust the doses of immunosuppression drugs and corticosteroids to guard against graft rejection but not to suppress the immune system to place the patient at risk of developing a COVID-19 infection. Immunosuppression drugs and corticosteroids for patients who have had a kidney transplant has to be adjusted based on laboratory results and is individualized aiming at the protection of the transplanted from rejection.}, }
@article {pmid35733376, year = {2022}, author = {Sette, A and Crotty, S}, title = {Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccines.}, journal = {Immunological reviews}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/imr.13089}, pmid = {35733376}, issn = {1600-065X}, support = {AI142742//National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/ ; AI144462//National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/ ; }, abstract = {Immunological memory is the basis of protective immunity provided by vaccines and previous infections. Immunological memory can develop from multiple branches of the adaptive immune system, including CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, B cells, and long-lasting antibody responses. Extraordinary progress has been made in understanding memory to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccines, addressing development; quantitative and qualitative features of different cellular and anatomical compartments; and durability of each cellular component and antibodies. Given the sophistication of the measurements; the size of the human studies; the use of longitudinal samples and cross-sectional studies; and head-to-head comparisons between infection and vaccines or between multiple vaccines, the understanding of immune memory for 1 year to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccines already supersedes that of any other acute infectious disease. This knowledge may help inform public policies regarding COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccines, as well as the scientific development of future vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and other diseases.}, }
@article {pmid35733229, year = {2022}, author = {Zhang, M and Yan, X and Shi, M and Li, R and Pi, Z and Ren, X and Wang, Y and Yan, S and Wang, Y and Jin, Y and Wang, X}, title = {Safety and efficiency of stem cell therapy for COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Global health research and policy}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {19}, pmid = {35733229}, issn = {2397-0642}, support = {2020FCA048//Department of Science and Technology, Hubei Provincial People's Government/ ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: With the COVID-19 pandemic continuing, various treatments have become widely practiced. Stem cells have a wide range of applications in the treatment of lung diseases and have therefore been experimentally used to treat patients with COVID-19, but whether the expanded use of stem cells is safe and reliable still lacks enough evidence. To address this issue, we systematically reviewed the safety and efficiency of stem cell therapy in COVID-19 cases.<br><br>METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang, VIP and SinoMed up to January 18, 2022. The included studies were assessed using the Risk-of-bias tool 1.0 and MINORS instrument. The adverse events, mortality, length of hospital day and laboratory parameters were analyzed by meta-analysis. We adhered to PRISMA reporting guideline.<br><br>RESULTS: We have included 17 studies meeting the inclusion data. There were no significant differences in AEs (OR = 0·39, 95% CI = 0·12 to 1·33, P = 0·13, I2 = 58%) and SAEs (OR = 0·21, 95% CI = 0·04 to 1·03, P = 0·05, I2 = 0%) between stem cell therapy group and control group. The analysis showed that stem cell treatment could significantly reduce the mortality rate(OR = 0·24, 95% CI = 0·13 to 0·45, P < 0·01, I2 = 0%), but was not able to cause changes in length of hospital stay or most laboratory parameters.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that stem cell therapy for COVID-19 has a remarkable effect on efficiency without increasing risks of adverse events and length of hospital stay. It is potentially necessary to establish the criteria for COVID-19 for stem cell therapy.}, }
@article {pmid35732562, year = {2022}, author = {Lawal, O and Omiyi, D and York, H and Akudjedu, TN}, title = {Towards describing the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical radiography education: A systematic review.}, journal = {Journal of medical imaging and radiation sciences}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jmir.2022.05.009}, pmid = {35732562}, issn = {1876-7982}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The sudden onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant and rapid changes to the traditional ways of providing radiography education, including adaptations to teaching and learning styles as well as disruptions to students' clinical placement. This review explored the impact of the pandemic on clinical radiography education globally.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted on relevant databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, CINAHL (Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and SCOPUS. All relevant articles were critically appraised for quality and subjected to information extraction and results-based convergent synthesis.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 17 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for this review. The key findings are themed around challenges and benefits with the introduction of new teaching and learning approaches and resilience exhibited by students during the pandemic to overcome: inadequate support and mentorship while transitioning to fully qualified professionals, challenges with PPE usage, and impact on personal and academic life.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Globally, radiography students experienced several challenges, especially during the initial acute phase of the pandemic. The pandemic-related challenges identified in this review could negatively influence the radiography student attrition rates, consequently worsening the existing radiography workforce shortage. Thus, urgent institutional level support systems and interventions would be necessary to mitigate the pandemic impact and improve the students' learning experience.}, }
@article {pmid35730623, year = {2022}, author = {Qin, Z and Sun, Y and Zhang, J and Zhou, L and Chen, Y and Huang, C}, title = {Lessons from SARS‑CoV‑2 and its variants (Review).}, journal = {Molecular medicine reports}, volume = {26}, number = {2}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3892/mmr.2022.12779}, pmid = {35730623}, issn = {1791-3004}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; China/epidemiology ; Humans ; Pandemics ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {COVID‑19 has swept through mainland China by human‑to‑human transmission. The rapid spread of SARS‑CoV‑2 and its variants, including the currently prevalent Omicron strain, pose a serious threat worldwide. The present review summarizes epidemiological investigation and etiological analysis of genomic, epidemiological, and pathological characteristics of the original strain and its variants, as well as progress in diagnosis and treatment. Prevention and control measures used during the current Omicron pandemic are discussed to provide further knowledge of SARS‑CoV‑2.}, }
@article {pmid35729816, year = {2022}, author = {Radwanski, RE and Shlobin, NA and Sandhu, MRS and Aldos, L and Pannullo, SC}, title = {Neurosurgical Education for Medical Students: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {World neurosurgery}, volume = {163}, number = {}, pages = {155-163.e6}, doi = {10.1016/j.wneu.2021.05.034}, pmid = {35729816}, issn = {1878-8769}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Career Choice ; Humans ; *Internship and Residency ; *Neurosurgery/education ; Schools, Medical ; *Students, Medical ; United States ; }, abstract = {Neurosurgeons have a rich history of involvement in medical student education. We review the scope of related published works with the goal of highlighting recently increased efforts to innovate in neurosurgical education and discuss where future efforts must go. A scoping review was performed after comprehensive search of PubMed MEDLINE and Embase databases. Among the 2314 articles returned in the search, 54 were selected for inclusion and review. Articles are discussed in the context of neurosurgery electives, American Association of Neurological Surgeons chapters and medical school programs, national neurosurgery courses, neurosurgery education materials, neurosurgery career perceptions, and the impact of coronavirus disease 2019. Despite increasing need for neurosurgical education in medical school, available experiences in formal curricula are diminishing. Longitudinal exposure to neurosurgery throughout medical school will help ensure a foundational understanding of neurosurgical disease management for all physicians and provide a pathway of exploration, education, and mentorship for the most suitable candidates. Neurosurgery faculty mentorship is particularly important to ensure that the next generation of neurologic surgeons is well equipped to treat patients, catalyze innovative research, and espouse both diverse perspectives and novel ideas.}, }
@article {pmid35729089, year = {2022}, author = {Lee, M and Park, J and Cho, IH}, title = {Target-Specific Drug Discovery of Natural Products against SARS-CoV-2 Life Cycle and Cytokine Storm in COVID-19.}, journal = {The American journal of Chinese medicine}, volume = {50}, number = {4}, pages = {927-959}, doi = {10.1142/S0192415X22500380}, pmid = {35729089}, issn = {1793-6853}, mesh = {Animals ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Biological Products/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/drug therapy ; Cytokine Release Syndrome/drug therapy ; Drug Discovery ; Humans ; Life Cycle Stages ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently a worldwide pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, there are no drugs that can specifically combat SARS-CoV-2. Besides, multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants are circulating globally. These variants may lead to immune escape or drug resistance. Natural products may be appropriate for this need due to their cost efficiency, fewer side effects, and antiviral activities. Considering these circumstances, there is a need to develop or discover more compounds that have potential to target SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, we searched for articles on natural products describing anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities by targeting the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle and the cytokine storm in COVID-19 from academic databases. We reviewed anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities of natural products, especially those that target the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, transmembrane serine protease 2, cathepsin L, 3CL protease, PL protease, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and helicase) and cytokine storm in COVID-19. This review may provide a repurposed approach for the discovery of specific medications using natural products to treat COVID-19 through targeting the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle and the cytokine storm in COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid35728859, year = {2022}, author = {Jiao, J and Buzukela, A and Li, M and Baihetinisha, T}, title = {[Advance in research on application of endotoxin adsorption membrane in treatment of coronavirus disease 2019].}, journal = {Zhonghua wei zhong bing ji jiu yi xue}, volume = {34}, number = {5}, pages = {538-541}, doi = {10.3760/cma.j.cn121430-20210803-01120}, pmid = {35728859}, issn = {2095-4352}, mesh = {Adsorption ; *COVID-19/therapy ; Cytokine Release Syndrome/therapy ; Cytokines ; Endotoxins ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {The new type coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease of severe lung inflammation induced by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). The World Health Organization (WHO) nomenclature of the newly discovered coronavirus was 2019-nCoV and the disease caused by 2019-nCoV was named COVID-19 on January 12, 2020. After 2019-nCoV invasion into a human body, it can stimulate the human immune system and engender a large number of cytokines, triggering a cytokine storm, resulting in severe infection, acute lung injury, multiple organ dysfunction, etc. Therefore, theoretically, the removal of over-production of cytokines can avoid the occurrence of cytokine storm and reduce the incidence of severe critical COVID-19 and serious poor prognosis. In this review, the authors systematically reviewed the past published reports related to the occurrence of cytokine storm in sepsis resulting in deterioration of disease situation, and recently they analyzed the therapeutic effects of patients with severe critical COVID-19 using endotoxin adsorption membrane for treatment in the disease course, further providing the effective clinical evidence of applying endotoxin adsorption membrane for treatment of COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid35728848, year = {2022}, author = {Liu, Y and Xie, W and Li, H and Lu, K and Teng, P and Liu, X and Qu, Y}, title = {[Critical coronavirus disease 2019 caused by Delta variant: a case report with literature review].}, journal = {Zhonghua wei zhong bing ji jiu yi xue}, volume = {34}, number = {5}, pages = {481-484}, doi = {10.3760/cma.j.cn121430-20220418-00382}, pmid = {35728848}, issn = {2095-4352}, mesh = {Betacoronavirus ; *COVID-19/therapy ; *Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis/therapy ; Humans ; Immunization, Passive ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Nucleic Acids ; Pandemics ; *Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate the curative efficacy and application value of convalescent plasma (CP) in severe and critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Delta variant.<br><br>METHODS: The treatment process and results of CP therapy for a patient with critical COVID-19 caused by Delta variant were reported. The clinical application value of CP for COVID-19 caused by Delta variant was analyzed along with the literature review.<br><br>RESULTS: Our case was a 50-year-old male, who was imported from abroad and had not been vaccinated against COVID-19. The novel coronavirus nucleic acid test was negative before entry. On the second day after entry, fever occurred, novel coronavirus nucleic acid test was positive. Chest CT images showed bilateral multiple mottling and ground-glass opacity with symptoms of nausea, headache, loss of appetite, diarrhea, but no running nose, nasal obstruction, dyspnea, abnormal smell and taste. The infection rapidly developed from medium to critical. On the basis of standard treatment, Delta variant CP was intravenous dripped on the 10th day of hospital admission (the 6th day after becoming severe). The patient's condition improved rapidly.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The curative efficacy evaluation of this patient proved that CP therapy is of great value in the treatment of severe and critical COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid35724202, year = {2022}, author = {Dumais Michaud, AA and Lemieux, AJ and Dufour, M and Plante, L and Crocker, AG}, title = {.}, journal = {Sante publique (Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France)}, volume = {33}, number = {6}, pages = {979-989}, doi = {10.3917/spub.216.0979}, pmid = {35724202}, issn = {0995-3914}, mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Mental Disorders/epidemiology/therapy ; Mental Health ; Pandemics ; Professional Practice ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: While governments have focused efforts on implementing health measures such as physical distancing and confinement to protect communities from the spread of COVID-19, some researchers focused on the significant impact of these measures on mental health and well-being. Persons with mental disorders who are both institutionalized and justice-involved in psychiatric and forensic hospitals find themselves more vulnerable to these measures and more limited in their movements and activities.<br><br>AIMS: The purpose of this paper is to examine the changes in practice in response to the pandemic and their potential impact on individuals in institutional settings.<br><br>RESULTS: A rapid review including 69 publications identified nine major themes in the literature, which will serve as a framework to analyze the experience of one forensic psychiatry institution in Canada. These themes are: 1) population-specific vulnerability factors; 2) staff management and training; 3) early discharge, parole, and community integration; 4) management of contagion in closed spaces; 5) sanitary measures and personal protective equipment; 6) care and service continuity; 7) use of technology to maintain social ties and services; 8) legal mechanisms and individual rights; and 9) post-pandemic realities.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Although this is the first pandemic of such international magnitude, experts point to an increase in epidemics over the past decade and continued growth in the coming decades. It is thus essential to learn from this health crisis in order to be prepared and minimize their potential impact on vulnerable populations in the future. The reflections presented here could be contrasted with the lived-experiences of people in institutions in order to nuance the data and propose new strategies.}, }
@article {pmid35603903, year = {2022}, author = {Lewiecki, EM and Bouchonville, MF}, title = {The current role of telehealth in the management of patients with osteoporosis.}, journal = {Expert review of endocrinology &amp; metabolism}, volume = {17}, number = {3}, pages = {245-254}, doi = {10.1080/17446651.2022.2078304}, pmid = {35603903}, issn = {1744-8417}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Humans ; *Osteoporosis/therapy ; Pandemics ; *Telemedicine ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Telehealth is the use of electronic technologies for communication, storage, and analysis of health-related information. Telemedicine is a form of telehealth that involves remote patient care. This is a review and update of the use of these modalities as they apply to the education of healthcare professionals who provide care for patients with osteoporosis and the delivery of their care.<br><br>AREAS COVERED: This review focuses on technology-enabled collaborative learning and its prototype model, Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes). Bone Health TeleECHO and similar programs apply the ECHO model of learning to mentor healthcare professionals on implementation of best practice care for patients with osteoporosis and other skeletal diseases. Telemedicine, which has seen widespread uptake during the COVID-19 pandemic, is an alternative to in-person visits for patients with osteoporosis as well as for those with other conditions.<br><br>EXPERT OPINION: Remote education of healthcare professionals and the remote delivery of patient care provides opportunities, as well as challenges, for achieving the goal of reducing the global burden of osteoporotic fractures.}, }
@article {pmid35588969, year = {2022}, author = {Desikan, R and Padmanabhan, P and Kierzek, AM and van der Graaf, PH}, title = {Mechanistic Models of COVID-19: Insights into Disease Progression, Vaccines, and Therapeutics.}, journal = {International journal of antimicrobial agents}, volume = {60}, number = {1}, pages = {106606}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2022.106606}, pmid = {35588969}, issn = {1872-7913}, mesh = {Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Vaccines ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted health systems and economies worldwide. Significant global efforts are therefore ongoing to improve vaccine efficacies, optimize vaccine deployment, and develop new antiviral therapies to combat the pandemic. Mechanistic viral dynamics and quantitative systems pharmacology models of SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccines, immunomodulatory agents, and antiviral therapeutics have played a key role in advancing our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and transmission, the interplay between innate and adaptive immunity to influence the outcomes of infection, effectiveness of treatments, mechanisms and performance of COVID-19 vaccines, and the impact of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here, we review some of the critical insights provided by these models and discuss the challenges ahead.}, }
@article {pmid35506693, year = {2022}, author = {Hammer, ND and Waters, CM}, title = {The 27th Annual Midwest Microbial Pathogenesis Conference in the Age of COVID.}, journal = {Journal of bacteriology}, volume = {204}, number = {6}, pages = {e0013622}, doi = {10.1128/jb.00136-22}, pmid = {35506693}, issn = {1098-5530}, support = {AI154968//HHS | NIH | Office of Extramural Research, National Institutes of Health (OER)/ ; }, mesh = {*COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; RNA, Viral ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Universities ; }, abstract = {Michigan State University was honored to host in-person the 27th Annual Midwest Microbial Pathogenesis Conference from 17 to 19 September 2021 in East Lansing, MI. Here, we report the precautions that were used to host a safe, in-person meeting during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) pandemic and the research on microbial pathogenesis that was presented at the meeting. One of the most significant impacts of the SARS-CoV2 pandemic on the scientific community is the cancelation of many in-person scientific conferences. This has limited the ability of scientists, especially those who are early in their careers, to present their research and establish scientific networks and collaborations. Using a series of safety precautions, we describe here how we implemented a highly successful in-person meeting of 280 attendees in September 2021. Six of the research projects presented at this meeting are being published together in this issue of the Journal of Bacteriology.}, }
@article {pmid35732091, year = {2022}, author = {Jolley, D and Marques, MD and Cookson, D}, title = {Shining a spotlight on the dangerous consequences of conspiracy theories.}, journal = {Current opinion in psychology}, volume = {47}, number = {}, pages = {101363}, doi = {10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101363}, pmid = {35732091}, issn = {2352-2518}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has illuminated how conspiracy beliefs-that explain important events as the secret actions of the powerful-can severely impact health choices (such as reduced infection-prevention behaviours). However, the consequences of conspiracy beliefs span far beyond the topic of COVID-19. This review shines a spotlight on how conspiracy beliefs could impact public and personal health (e.g., vaccine uptake), democratic citizenship (e.g., political engagement), intergroup relations (e.g., prejudice and discrimination), and may inspire violence and extremism. We argue that conspiracy beliefs are likely to have the power to mobilise citizens in ways detrimental to a smooth-running society. We conclude the review by offering a range of fruitful avenues for future investigation.}, }
@article {pmid35731933, year = {2022}, author = {Yang, KS and Leeuwon, SZ and Xu, S and Liu, WR}, title = {Evolutionary and Structural Insights about Potential SARS-CoV-2 Evasion of Nirmatrelvir.}, journal = {Journal of medicinal chemistry}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00404}, pmid = {35731933}, issn = {1520-4804}, abstract = {The U.S. FDA approval of PAXLOVID, a combination therapy of nirmatrelvir and ritonavir has significantly boosted our morale in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. Nirmatrelvir is an inhibitor of the main protease (MPro) of SARS-CoV-2. Since many SARS-CoV-2 variants that resist vaccines and antibodies have emerged, a concern of acquired viral resistance to nirmatrelvir naturally arises. Here, possible mutations in MPro to confer viral evasion of nirmatrelvir are analyzed and discussed from both evolutionary and structural standpoints. The analysis indicates that those mutations will likely reside in the whole aa45-51 helical region and residues including M165, L167, P168, R188, and Q189. Relevant mutations have also been observed in existing SARS-CoV-2 samples. Implications of this analysis to the fight against future drug-resistant viral variants and the development of broad-spectrum antivirals are discussed as well.}, }
@article {pmid35731487, year = {2022}, author = {Triebelhorn, J and Spinner, CD}, title = {[SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in people living with HIV].}, journal = {MMW Fortschritte der Medizin}, volume = {164}, number = {Suppl 2}, pages = {34-39}, doi = {10.1007/s15006-022-1021-x}, pmid = {35731487}, issn = {1613-3560}, }
@article {pmid35731431, year = {2022}, author = {Ruiz-Fresneda, MA and Ruiz-Pérez, R and Ruiz-Fresneda, C and Jiménez-Contreras, E}, title = {Differences in Global Scientific Production Between New mRNA and Conventional Vaccines Against COVID-19.}, journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35731431}, issn = {1614-7499}, abstract = {The search for effective vaccines to stop the COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented amount of global scientific production and activity. This study aimed to analyze global scientific production on the different vaccine types (mRNA and conventional) that were validated for COVID-19 during the years 2020-2021. The scientific production generated on COVID-19 vaccines during the period 2020-2021 totaled the enormous amount of 20,459 studies published. New mRNA vaccines clearly showed higher production levels than conventional vaccines (viral and inactivated vectors), with 786 and 350 studies, respectively. The USA is the undisputed leader in the global production on COVID-19 vaccines, with Israel and Italy also playing an important role. Among the journals publishing works in this field, the New England Journal of Medicine, the British Medical Journal, and Vaccines stand out from the rest as the most important. The keyword 'immunogenicity' and its derivatives have been more researched for the new mRNA vaccines, while thrombosis has been more studied for conventional vaccines. The massive scientific production generated on COVID-19 vaccines in only two years has shown the enormous gravity of the pandemic and the extreme urgency to find a solution. This high scientific production and the main keywords found for the mRNA vaccines indicate the great potential that these vaccines have against COVID-19 and future infectious diseases. Moreover, this study provides valuable information for guiding future research lines and promoting international collaboration for an effective solution.}, }
@article {pmid35731430, year = {2022}, author = {Mal, P and Mukherjee, T and Upadhyay, AK and Mohanty, S and Pattnaik, AK}, title = {Connecting the dots between inflammatory cascades of obesity and COVID-19 in light of mortal consequences-a review.}, journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35731430}, issn = {1614-7499}, abstract = {Obesity is a term that has recently been referred to describe a condition in which a person has become a diseased vessel. Obesity's internal pathology is too mysterious as it has a close resemblance with fatal diseases pathology. Obesity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are simultaneous epidemics declared by many organizations after observing their rampage in the recent world. Oxidative stress, cytokine storm, interleukin, and their contribution to the internal adipocyte environment implicated in the cascades of inflammatory pathology are portrayed here. Major determinants like angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) axis are highly sensitive molecular factors. Data from various countries suggested a clinical overview of how greater body mass index (BMI) is related to greater COVID-19 risk. It also gives insight into how obese individuals are obligately getting admitted and combating COVID-19 in intensive care unit including children less than 13 years of age under ultimate therapeutic options. There are numerous studies currently taking place for finding a cure for obesity which are mainly focused on natural resources and novel therapies like photobiomodulation (PBM) consisting of laser treatment, infrared treatment, etc. as current pharmacological treatments are reported to have fatal adverse effects. Finally, it is discussed how attenuating obesity will be a solution for future combat strategy. This review gives light on the areas of coagulation, inflammatory parameters, cardiometabolic complications, endothelial dysfunctions, immunological infirmity due to COVID-19 in obese individuals. A conceptual outline about correlation between the inflammatory pathophysiological steps triggering the aggravation of fatal consequences has been drawn in this review.}, }
@article {pmid35731363, year = {2022}, author = {Joshi, D and Gyanpuri, V and Pathak, A and Chaurasia, RN and Mishra, VN and Kumar, A and Singh, VK and Dhiman, NR}, title = {Neuropathic Pain Associated with COVID-19: a Systematic Review of Case Reports.}, journal = {Current pain and headache reports}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35731363}, issn = {1534-3081}, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Researchers suggests that patients with COVID-19 develop neuropathic pain within weeks or months following infection and that patients with neuropathic pain and COVID-19 sometimes present with deterioration of neurologic complications and pain exacerbation. The objective of this systematic review is to discuss the case-reports having neuropathic pain during and after COVID-19 infection.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Case reports that has described about patients getting neuropathy or neuropathic pain around the disease either immediately or late post COVID were included. The data was extracted and qualitatively synthesised. Literature was searched and 939 articles were found. 12 articles were screened as per the eligibility criteria and finally, 6 case reports on neuropathic pain in Covid-19 were selected from the database and manual search and finalised for analysis. 2 cases of herpes zoster and post herpetic neuralgia, 2 cases of intense burning pain, 1 case of trigeminal neuralgia and 1 of brachial plexopathy included for the review. Covid 19 viral neurogenic invasion is something very newly discovered topic of discussion in the field of research. With the passage of time, more cases will emerge and more data will be available for research. The review is registered in Prospero with no. CRD42021257060.}, }
@article {pmid35731137, year = {2022}, author = {Silverman, RA and Ceci, A and Cohen, A and Helmick, M and Short, E and Bordwine, P and Friedlander, MJ and Finkielstein, CV}, title = {Vaccine Effectiveness during Outbreak of COVID-19 Alpha (B.1.1.7) Variant in Men's Correctional Facility, United States.}, journal = {Emerging infectious diseases}, volume = {28}, number = {7}, pages = {1313-1320}, doi = {10.3201/eid2807.220091}, pmid = {35731137}, issn = {1080-6059}, abstract = {In April 2021, a COVID-19 outbreak occurred at a correctional facility in rural Virginia, USA. Eighty-four infections were identified among 854 incarcerated persons by facilitywide testing with reverse transcription quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). We used whole-genome sequencing to link all infections to 2 employees infected with the B.1.1.7α (UK) variant. The relative risk comparing unvaccinated to fully vaccinated persons (mRNA-1273 [Moderna, https://www.modernatx.com]) was 7.8 (95% CI 4.8-12.7), corresponding to a vaccine effectiveness of 87.1% (95% CI 79.0%-92.1%). Average qRT-PCR cycle threshold values were lower, suggesting higher viral loads, among unvaccinated infected than vaccinated cases for the nucleocapsid, envelope, and spike genes. Vaccination was highly effective at preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in this high-risk setting. This approach can be applied to similar settings to estimate vaccine effectiveness as variants emerge to guide public health strategies during the ongoing pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid35730723, year = {2022}, author = {James, JE and Foe, M and Desai, R and Rangan, A and Price, M}, title = {COVID-19 and the reimaging of compassionate release.}, journal = {International journal of prisoner health}, volume = {ahead-of-print}, number = {ahead-of-print}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1108/IJPH-08-2021-0072}, pmid = {35730723}, issn = {1744-9219}, abstract = {PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to provide a historical overview of compassionate release policies in the USA and describe how these policies have been used during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors then describe how these programs have been shaped by COVID-19 and could be reimagined to address the structural conditions that make prisons potentially life limiting for older adults and those with chronic illness.<br><br>DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: This paper is primarily descriptive, offering an overview of the history of compassionate release policies before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors augmented this description by surveying state Departments of Corrections about their utilization of compassionate release during 2019 and 2020. The findings from this survey were combined with data collected via Freedom of Information Act Requests sent to state Departments of Corrections about the same topic.<br><br>FINDINGS: The findings demonstrate that while the US federal prison system saw a multifold increase in the number of individuals released under compassionate release policies in 2020 compared to 2019, most US states had modest change, with many states maintaining the same number, or even fewer, releases in 2020 compared with 2019.<br><br>ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This paper provides both new data and new insight into compassionate release utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic and offers new possibilities for how compassionate release might be considered in the future.}, }
@article {pmid35730610, year = {2022}, author = {Washburn, T and Diener, ML and Curtis, DS and Wright, CA}, title = {Modern slavery and labor exploitation during the COVID-19 pandemic: a conceptual model.}, journal = {Global health action}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {2074784}, doi = {10.1080/16549716.2022.2074784}, pmid = {35730610}, issn = {1654-9880}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Modern slavery is a complex global health problem that includes forced labor exploitation. An ecological systems perspective is needed to understand how contextual upstream and midstream factors contribute to labor exploitation, and how disruptive societal challenges, such as infectious disease pandemics, may exacerbate established pathways leading to exploitation. Accumulation of familial and societal risk factors likely heightens vulnerability; for instance, economic precarity for an individual interacts with poor livelihood options and lack of social welfare supports increasing their likelihood of accepting exploitative labor. However, few frameworks exist that account for the accumulation of and interdependence between risk factors at different levels and across contexts.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: Using an ecological systems framework, we review literature on the pathways leading to labor exploitation, with the aim of developing a conceptual model grounded in existing research. Next, we discuss how pathways in this conceptual model are likely exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This conceptual model can guide future research to detect modifiable factors and strategic points of intervention.<br><br>METHODS: A critical review of research articles and gray literature was performed with a primary focus on sub-Saharan Africa. The review utilized various scholarly databases to identify perspectives from multiple disciplines and to more fully account for complex processes linked to labor exploitation.<br><br>RESULTS: A conceptual model of these pathways was developed that emphasizes established determinants and risk factors for labor exploitation in sub-Saharan Africa. The model highlights how the COVID-19 pandemic may have exacerbated these pathways.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Future studies should carefully examine the direct and indirect pathways, accumulation of and interactions between factors, and specific external and personal stressors. Interdisciplinary research on multilevel interventions is needed to guide solutions to prevent the persistent problem of labor exploitation.}, }
@article {pmid35730442, year = {2022}, author = {Li, H and Yuan, S and Wei, X and Sun, H}, title = {Metal-based strategies for the fight against COVID-19.}, journal = {Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1039/d2cc01772e}, pmid = {35730442}, issn = {1364-548X}, abstract = {The emerging COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has claimed over six million lives globally to date. Despite the availability of vaccines, the pandemic still cannot be fully controlled owing to rapid mutation of the virus that renders enhanced transmissibility and antibody evasion. This is thus an unmet need to develop safe and effective therapeutic options for COVID-19, in particular, remedies that can be used at home. Considering the great success of multi-targeted cocktail therapy for the treatment of viral infections, metal-based drugs might represent a unique and new source of antivirals that resemble a cocktail therapy in terms of their mode of actions. In this review, we first summarize the role that metal ions played in SARS-CoV-2 viral replication and pathogenesis, then highlight the chemistry of metal-based strategies in the fight against SARS-CoV-2 infection, including both metal displacement and chelation based approaches. Finally, we outline a perspective and direction on how to design and develop metal-based antivirals for the fight against the current or future coronavirus pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid35730326, year = {2022}, author = {Neffeová, K and Olejníčková, V and Naňka, O and Kolesová, H}, title = {Development and diseases of the coronary microvasculature and its communication with the myocardium.}, journal = {WIREs mechanisms of disease}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e1560}, doi = {10.1002/wsbm.1560}, pmid = {35730326}, issn = {2692-9368}, support = {NU21-02-00402//Agentura Pro Zdravotnický Výzkum České Republiky/ ; NUJ21-02-00039//Agentura Pro Zdravotnický Výzkum České Republiky/ ; RVO: 67985823//Akademie Věd České Republiky/ ; 1456217//Grant Agency of Charles University/ ; 18-03207S//Grantová Agentura České Republiky/ ; 18-03461S//Grantová Agentura České Republiky/ ; PROGRES-Q38/LF1//Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic/ ; INTER-COST LTC17023//Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic/ ; LM2015062//Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic/ ; }, abstract = {We review the current understanding of formation and development of the coronary microvasculature which supplies oxygen and nutrients to the heart myocardium and removes waste. We emphasize the close relationship, mutual development, and communication between microvasculature endothelial cells and surrounding cardiomyocytes. The first part of the review is focused on formation of microvasculature during embryonic development. We summarize knowledge about establishing the heart microvasculature density based on diffusion distance. Then signaling mechanisms which are involved in forming the microvasculature are discussed. This includes details of cardiomyocyte-endothelial cell interactions involving hypoxia, VEGF, NOTCH, angiopoietin, PDGF, and other signaling factors. The microvasculature is understudied due to difficulties in its visualization. Therefore, currently available imaging methods to delineate the coronary microvasculature in development and in adults are discussed. The second part of the review is dedicated to the importance of the coronary vasculature in disease. Coronary microvasculature pathologies are present in many congenital heart diseases (CHD), especially in pulmonary atresia, and worsen outcomes. In CHDs, where the development of the myocardium is impaired, microvasculature is also affected. In adult patients coronary microvascular disease is one of the main causes of sudden cardiac death, especially in women. Coronary microvasculature pathologies affect myocardial ischemia and vice versa; myocardial pathologies such as cardiomyopathies are closely connected with coronary microvasculature dysfunction. Microvasculature inflammation also worsens the outcomes of COVID-19 disease. Our review stresses the importance of coronary microvasculature and provides an overview of its formation and signaling mechanisms and the importance of coronary vasculature pathologies in CHDs and adult diseases. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Congenital Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Cardiovascular Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.}, }
@article {pmid35730047, year = {2022}, author = {Sengupta, P and Dutta, S}, title = {N-acetyl cysteine as a potential regulator of SARS-CoV-2-induced male reproductive disruptions.}, journal = {Middle East Fertility Society journal}, volume = {27}, number = {1}, pages = {14}, doi = {10.1186/s43043-022-00104-8}, pmid = {35730047}, issn = {1110-5690}, abstract = {Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has shown its persistent pandemic strength. This viral infectivity, kinetics, and the mechanisms of its actions in human body are still not completely understood. In addition, the infectivity and COVID-19 severity reportedly differ with patient's gender with men being more susceptible to the disease. Thus, different studies have also suggested the adverse impact of COVID-19 on male reproductive functions, mainly emphasizing on high expressions of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the testes that allows the viral entry into the cells.<br><br>Main body: The N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a potent therapeutic agent of COVID-19, may be effective in reducing the impairing impacts of this disease on male reproductive functions. NAC acts as mucolytic agent by reducing sulfide bonds in the cross-linked glycoprotein matrix in mucus owing to its free sulfhydryl group. Since NAC also breaks the viral disulfide bonds required for the host cell invasion, it may help to prevent direct SARS-CoV-2 invasion into the testicular cells as well. NAC also acts as a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, directly scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and regulating the redox state by maintaining the thiol pool being a precursor of cysteine (an essential substrate for glutathione synthesis). Since it is suggested that male reproductive impairment in COVID-19 patient may be caused by secondary immune responses owing to systemic inflammation and OS, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of NAC explained above may attribute in protecting the male reproduction functions from these COVID-19-mediated damages.<br><br>Conclusion: This article explains the mechanisms how NAC treatment for COVID-19 may prevent the infection-mediated disruptions in male reproduction.}, }
@article {pmid35730039, year = {2022}, author = {Mohamed, MA and Elkhateeb, WA and Daba, GM}, title = {Rapamycin golden jubilee and still the miraculous drug: a potent immunosuppressant, antitumor, rejuvenative agent, and potential contributor in COVID-19 treatment.}, journal = {Bioresources and bioprocessing}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {65}, doi = {10.1186/s40643-022-00554-y}, pmid = {35730039}, issn = {2197-4365}, abstract = {Although celebrating its golden jubilee, rapamycin's importance keeps increasing by the day. Starting as a promising antifungal agent, then as a potent immunosuppressant, strong anticancer drug, and now rapamycin is attracting serious attention as a rejuvenative agent and a possible contributor in treating this era pandemic, COVID-19. Due to its diverse biological activities and promising medical applications, we aimed in this review to put rapamycin under the spot and highlight its discovery, famous microbial producers, reported biological activities, chemical structure, famous analogues, and biosynthesis. Moreover, discuss some rapamycin production approaches including solid-state fermentation, and stressing out producing strain. On the other hand, describe its action mechanism and trials to use it in treatment of COVID-19. Additionally, we highlighted some of the side effects accompanying its use, and describe some approaches reported to minimize these undesired effects. Finally, we report the current status of rapamycin and its analogues in global market, and discuss future prospects of this potent drug.}, }
@article {pmid35729992, year = {2022}, author = {Beadle, JN and Gifford, A and Heller, A}, title = {A Narrative Review of Loneliness and Brain Health in Older Adults: Implications of COVID-19.}, journal = {Current behavioral neuroscience reports}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-11}, doi = {10.1007/s40473-021-00237-6}, pmid = {35729992}, issn = {2196-2979}, abstract = {Purpose of Review: This narrative review highlights important factors contributing to loneliness in older adults prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic and effects on brain health.<br><br>Recent Findings: We characterize risk factors for loneliness in older adulthood and the impact of COVID-19. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of loneliness for older adults' brain health.<br><br>Summary: Understanding the multifactorial causes of loneliness in different subpopulations of older adults both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic will provide insights for the development of interventions targeted to reduce loneliness in older adults based on their specific risk factors.}, }
@article {pmid35729990, year = {2022}, author = {Moinnereau, MA and de Oliveira, AA and Falk, TH}, title = {Immersive media experience: a survey of existing methods and tools for human influential factors assessment.}, journal = {Quality and user experience}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {5}, doi = {10.1007/s41233-022-00052-1}, pmid = {35729990}, issn = {2366-0147}, abstract = {Virtual reality (VR) applications, especially those where the user is untethered to a computer, are becoming more prevalent as new hardware is developed, computational power and artificial intelligence algorithms are available, and wireless communication networks are becoming more reliable, fast, and providing higher reliability. In fact, recent projections show that by 2022 the number of VR users will double, suggesting the sector was not negatively affected by the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. The success of any immersive communication system is heavily dependent on the user experience it delivers, thus now more than ever has it become crucial to develop reliable models of immersive media experience (IMEx). In this paper, we survey the literature for existing methods and tools to assess human influential factors (HIFs) related to IMEx. In particular, subjective, behavioural, and psycho-physiological methods are covered. We describe tools available to monitor these HIFs, including the user's sense of presence and immersion, cybersickness, and mental/affective states, as well as their role in overall experience. Special focus is placed on psycho-physiological methods, as it was found that such in-depth evaluation was lacking from the existing literature. We conclude by touching on emerging applications involving multiple-sensorial immersive media and provide suggestions for future research directions to fill existing gaps. It is hoped that this survey will be useful for researchers interested in building new immersive (adaptive) applications that maximize user experience.}, }
@article {pmid35729973, year = {2022}, author = {Kirillova, A and Lado, A and Blatt, N}, title = {Application of Monoclonal Antibody Drugs in Treatment of COVID-19: a Review.}, journal = {BioNanoScience}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-19}, doi = {10.1007/s12668-022-00997-9}, pmid = {35729973}, issn = {2191-1630}, abstract = {Coronavirus infection can have various degrees of severity and outcomes. In some cases, it causes excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, a so-called cytokine storm, leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Unfortunately, the exact pathophysiology and treatment, especially for severe cases of COVID-19, are still uncertain. Results of preliminary studies showed that immunosuppressive therapy, such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1, and TNF-α antagonists commonly used in rheumatology, can be considered as treatment options for COVID-19, especially in severe cases. The review focused on the most common and currently studied monoclonal antibody drugs, as well as up-to-date data on the pathogenesis of COVID-19, host immune response against SARS-CoV-2 and its association with cytokine storm. It also covered effects of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1, and TNF-α blockers on the course of coronavirus infection and outcome in patients treated for the main autoimmune disease and subsequently infected with COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid35729950, year = {2022}, author = {Agarwal, D and Zafar, I and Ahmad, SU and Kumar, S and Ain, QU and Sundaray, JK and Rather, MA}, title = {Structural, genomic information and computational analysis of emerging coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2).}, journal = {Bulletin of the National Research Centre}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {170}, doi = {10.1186/s42269-022-00861-6}, pmid = {35729950}, issn = {2522-8307}, abstract = {Background: The emerging viral pandemic worldwide is associated with a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). This virus is said to emerge from its epidemic center in Wuhan, China, in 2019. Coronaviruses (CoVs) are single-stranded, giant, enveloped RNA viruses that come under the family of coronaviridae and order Nidovirales which are the crucial pathogens for humans and other vertebrates.<br><br>Main body: Coronaviruses are divided into several subfamilies and genera based on the genomic structure and phylogenetic relationship. The name corona is raised due to the presence of spike protein on the envelope of the virus. The structural and genomic study revealed that the total genome size of SARS-CoV-2 is from 29.8 kb to 29.9 kb. The spike protein (S) is a glycoprotein that attaches to the receptor of host cells for entry into the host cell, followed by the attachment of virus RNA to the host ribosome for translation. The phylogenetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 revealed the similarity (75-88%) with bat SARS-like coronavirus.<br><br>Conclusion: The sign and symptoms of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 are also discussed in this paper. The worldwide outbreak and prevention from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 are overviewed in the present article. The latest variant of coronavirus and the status of vaccines are also overviewed in the present article.}, }
@article {pmid35729947, year = {2022}, author = {Bhar, A and Jain, A and Das, S}, title = {Natural therapeutics against SARS CoV2: the potentiality and challenges.}, journal = {Vegetos (Bareilly, India)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-10}, doi = {10.1007/s42535-022-00401-7}, pmid = {35729947}, issn = {0970-4078}, abstract = {The incidence of the COVID-19 pandemic completely reoriented global socio-economic parameters and human civilization have experienced the worst situation in the recent past. The rapid mutation rates in viruses have continuously been creating emerging variants of concerns (VOCs) which devastated different parts of the world with subsequent waves of infection. Although, series of antiviral drugs and vaccines were formulated but cent percent effectiveness of these drugs is still awaited. Many of these drugs have different side effects which necessitate proper trial before release. Plants are the storehouse of antimicrobial metabolites which have also long been utilized as traditional medicines against different viral infections. Although, proper mechanism of action of these traditional medicines are unknown, they may be a potential source of effective anti-COVID drug for future implications. Advanced bioinformatic applications have opened up a new arena in predicting these repurposed drugs as a potential COVID mitigator. The present review summarizes brief accounts of the corona virus with their possible entry mechanism. This study also tries to classify different possible anti COVID-19 plant-derived metabolites based on their probable mode of action. This review will surely provide useful information on repurposed drugs to combat COVID-19 in this critical situation.}, }
@article {pmid35729887, year = {2022}, author = {Mahler, V and Junker, AC}, title = {Anaphylaxis to additives in vaccines.}, journal = {Allergo journal international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-14}, doi = {10.1007/s40629-022-00215-8}, pmid = {35729887}, issn = {2197-0378}, abstract = {Anaphylaxis in connection with the administration of vaccines occurs only very rarely. Triggers of immunoglobulin IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated anaphylaxis-in addition to the active ingredient itself-may be excipients contained in the vaccine due to their special properties. Some of the excipients in medicinal products are the same compounds used as additives in food. Furthermore, residues from the manufacturing process (e.g., chicken egg white, casein, antibiotics, formaldehyde) or contaminants (e.g., from the primary packaging material) may be potential triggers of anaphylaxis in vaccines. This review article provides an overview of ingredients in vaccines that pose an allergenic risk potential. The components of COVID-19 vaccines approved and marketed in Germany are discussed with regard to their potential for triggering anaphylaxis and possible pathophysiological mechanisms involved.}, }
@article {pmid35729778, year = {2022}, author = {Domingues, C and Santos, A and Alvarez-Lorenzo, C and Concheiro, A and Jarak, I and Veiga, F and Barbosa, I and Dourado, M and Figueiras, A}, title = {Where Is Nano Today and Where Is It Headed? A Review of Nanomedicine and the Dilemma of Nanotoxicology.}, journal = {ACS nano}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1021/acsnano.2c00128}, pmid = {35729778}, issn = {1936-086X}, abstract = {Worldwide nanotechnology development and application have fueled many scientific advances, but technophilic expectations and technophobic demands must be counterbalanced in parallel. Some of the burning issues today are the following: (1) Where is nano today? (2) How good are the communication and investment networks between academia/research and governments? (3) Is there any spotlight application for nanotechnology? Nanomedicine is a particular arm of nanotechnology within the healthcare landscape, focused on diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of emerging (such as coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) and contemporary (including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer) diseases. However, it may only represent the bright side of the coin. In fact, in the recent past, the concept of nanotoxicology has emerged to address the dark shadows of nanomedicine. The nanomedicine field requires more nanotoxicological studies to identify undesirable effects and guarantee safety. Here, we provide an overall perspective on nanomedicine and nanotoxicology as central pieces of the giant puzzle of nanotechnology. First, the impact of nanotechnology on education and research is highlighted, followed by market trends and scientific output tendencies. In the next section, the nanomedicine and nanotoxicology dilemma is addressed through the interplay of in silico, in vitro, and in vivo models with the support of omics and microfluidic approaches. Lastly, a reflection on the regulatory issues and clinical trials is provided. Finally, some conclusions and future perspectives are proposed for a clearer and safer translation of nanomedicines from the bench to the bedside.}, }
@article {pmid35729655, year = {2022}, author = {Kong, L and Duan, M and Shi, J and Hong, J and Chang, Z and Zhang, Z}, title = {Compartmental structures used in modeling COVID-19: a scoping review.}, journal = {Infectious diseases of poverty}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {72}, pmid = {35729655}, issn = {2049-9957}, support = {81973102//Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 81773487//Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; GWV-10.2-XD21//Public Health Talents Training Program of Shanghai Municipality/ ; GWV-10.1-XK16//Three-Side Innovation Projects for Aquaculture in Jiangsu Province/ ; 2021YFF0306000//Major Project of Scientific and Technical Winter Olympics from National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 2018ZX10725-509//13th Five-Year National Science and Technology Major Project for Infectious Diseases/ ; BHJ17J013//Key projects of the PLA logistics Scientific research Program/ ; 2021MS074//Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities/ ; D2019502010//Natural Science Funds of Hebei/ ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, considered as the worst global public health event in nearly a century, has severely affected more than 200 countries and regions around the world. To effectively prevent and control the epidemic, researchers have widely employed dynamic models to predict and simulate the epidemic's development, understand the spread rule, evaluate the effects of intervention measures, inform vaccination strategies, and assist in the formulation of prevention and control measures. In this review, we aimed to sort out the compartmental structures used in COVID-19 dynamic models and provide reference for the dynamic modeling for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases in the future.<br><br>MAIN TEXT: A scoping review on the compartmental structures used in modeling COVID-19 was conducted. In this scoping review, 241 research articles published before May 14, 2021 were analyzed to better understand the model types and compartmental structures used in modeling COVID-19. Three types of dynamics models were analyzed: compartment models expanded based on susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered (SEIR) model, meta-population models, and agent-based models. The expanded compartments based on SEIR model are mainly according to the COVID-19 transmission characteristics, public health interventions, and age structure. The meta-population models and the agent-based models, as a trade-off for more complex model structures, basic susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered or simply expanded compartmental structures were generally adopted.<br><br>CONCLUSION: There has been a great deal of models to understand the spread of COVID-19, and to help prevention and control strategies. Researchers build compartments according to actual situation, research objectives and complexity of models used. As the COVID-19 epidemic remains uncertain and poses a major challenge to humans, researchers still need dynamic models as the main tool to predict dynamics, evaluate intervention effects, and provide scientific evidence for the development of prevention and control strategies. The compartmental structures reviewed in this study provide guidance for future modeling for COVID-19, and also offer recommendations for the dynamic modeling of other infectious diseases.}, }
@article {pmid35729581, year = {2022}, author = {Li, L and Xie, H and Wang, L and Zhang, A and Mou, X and Lin, Y and Ma, H and Wang, Y and Li, J and Gao, J and Wang, CC and Leung, PC and Fan, X and Wu, X}, title = {The efficacy and safety of combined chinese herbal medicine and western medicine therapy for COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Chinese medicine}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {77}, pmid = {35729581}, issn = {1749-8546}, support = {LY20H180004//Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province/ ; 2020-KYGG-01-04//Chinese Academy of Engineering Projects for COVID-19/ ; Urgent Project-6//Heilongjiang Province Urgent Project-6 for COVID-19/ ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the clinical efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) with and without Western medicine (WM) for different severity of COVID-19.<br><br>METHODS: CNKI, PubMed, Wanfang Database, ClinicalTrails.gov, Embase, ChiCTR and ICTRP were searched from 01 Jan, 2020 to 30 Jun, 2021. Two authors independently assessed all the randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for trial inclusion, data extraction and quality assessment. Meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager software (RevMan 5.4.1). Evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Primary outcomes included total effectiveness rate. Secondary outcomes included improvements in symptom improvement and total adverse event rate. Different severity of COVID-19 patients was assessed in subgroup analysis. This study was registered with INPLASY, INPLASY202210072.<br><br>RESULTS: 22 high quality RCTs involving 1789 participants were included. There were no trial used CHM alone nor compare placebo or no treatment. Compared with WM, combined CHM and WM (CHM-WM) treatment showed higher total effectiveness rate, lower symptom scores of fever, cough, fatigue, dry throat and pharyngalgia, shorter mean time to viral conversion, better Computerized Tomography (CT) image and blood results, fewer total adverse events and worse conditions (P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that the total effectiveness rate of combined CHM-WM group was significantly higher than WM group, especially for mild and moderate patients. No significant differences in mortality and adverse events were found between combined CHM-WM and WM treatment. No serious adverse events and long-term outcomes were reported.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Current evidence supported the therapeutic effects and safety of combined CHM-WM treatment on COVID-19, especially for patients with mild and moderate symptoms. Long-term effects of therapy are worthy in further study.}, }
@article {pmid35729072, year = {2022}, author = {Lou, Z and Rao, Z}, title = {The Life of SARS-CoV-2 Inside Cells: Replication-Transcription Complex Assembly and Function.}, journal = {Annual review of biochemistry}, volume = {91}, number = {}, pages = {381-401}, doi = {10.1146/annurev-biochem-052521-115653}, pmid = {35729072}, issn = {1545-4509}, abstract = {The persistence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in increasingly disruptive impacts, and it has become the most devastating challenge to global health in a century. The rapid emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants challenges the currently available therapeutics for clinical application. Nonstructural proteins (also known as replicase proteins) with versatile biological functions play central roles in viral replication and transcription inside the host cells, and they are the most conserved target proteins among the SARS-CoV-2 variants. Specifically, they constitute the replication-transcription complexes (RTCs) dominating the synthesis of viral RNA. Knowledge of themolecular mechanisms of nonstructural proteins and their assembly into RTCs will benefit the development of antivirals targeting them against existing or potentially emerging variants. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the structures and functions of coronavirus nonstructural proteins as well as the assembly and functions of RTCs in the life cycle of the virus.}, }
@article {pmid35728769, year = {2022}, author = {Mahmoodpoor, A and Sanaie, S and Ostadi, Z and Eskandari, M and Behrouzi, N and Asghari, R and Zahirnia, A and Sohrabifar, N and Kazeminasab, S}, title = {Roles of Mitochondrial DNA in Dynamics of the Immune Response to COVID-19.}, journal = {Gene}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {146681}, doi = {10.1016/j.gene.2022.146681}, pmid = {35728769}, issn = {1879-0038}, abstract = {Mitochondria dynamics have a pivotal role in many aspects of immune function. Viral infections affect mitochondrial dynamics and trigger the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in host cells. Released mtDNA guides the immune response towards an inflammatory response against pathogens. In addition, circulating cell-free mtDNA (ccf-mtDNA) is considered an invaluable indicator for the prognosis and severity of infectious diseases. This study provides an overview of the role of mtDNA in the dynamics of the immune response to COVID-19. We focused on the possible roles of mtDNA in inducing the signaling pathways, and the inflammasome activation and regulation in SARS-CoV-2. Targeting mtDNA-related pathways can provide critical insights into therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid35728510, year = {2022}, author = {Mahmoudi, S and Dehkordi, MM and Asgarshamsi, MH}, title = {The effect of various compounds on the COVID mechanisms, from chemical to molecular aspects.}, journal = {Biophysical chemistry}, volume = {288}, number = {}, pages = {106824}, doi = {10.1016/j.bpc.2022.106824}, pmid = {35728510}, issn = {1873-4200}, abstract = {The novel coronavirus that caused COVID-19 pandemic is SARS-CoV-2. Although various vaccines are currently being used to prevent the disease's severe consequences, there is still a need for medications for those who become infected. The SARS-CoV-2 has a variety of proteins that have been studied extensively since the virus's advent. In this review article, we looked at chemical to molecular aspects of the various structures studied that have pharmaceutical activity and attempted to find a link between drug activity and compound structure. For example, designing of the compounds which bind to the allosteric site and modify hydrogen bonds or the salt bridges can disrupt SARS-CoV2 RBD-ACE2 complex. It seems that quaternary ammonium moiety and quinolin-1-ium structure could act as a negative allosteric modulator to reduce the tendency between spike-ACE2. Pharmaceutical structures with amino heads and hydrophobic tails can block envelope protein to prevent making mature SARS-CoV-2. Also, structures based on naphthalene pharmacophores or isosteres can form a strong bond with the PLpro and form a π-π and the Mpro's active site can be occupied by octapeptide compounds or linear compounds with a similar fitting ability to octapeptide compounds. And for protein RdRp, it is critical to consider pH and pKa so that pKa regulation of compounds to comply with patients is very effective, thus, the presence of tetrazole, phenylpyrazole groups, and analogs of pyrophosphate in the designed drugs increase the likelihood of the RdRp active site inhibition. Finally, it can be deduced that designing hybrid drug molecules along with considering the aforementioned characteristics would be a suitable approach for developing medicines in order to accurate targeting and complete inhibition this virus.}, }
@article {pmid35728357, year = {2022}, author = {Uscinski, J and Enders, AM and Klofstad, C and Stoler, J}, title = {Cause and effect: On the antecedents and consequences of conspiracy theory beliefs.}, journal = {Current opinion in psychology}, volume = {47}, number = {}, pages = {101364}, doi = {10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101364}, pmid = {35728357}, issn = {2352-2518}, abstract = {Since 2008, hundreds of studies have been published about conspiracy theories, many of which were in reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic. These studies are often motivated by concerns about the influence of exposure to conspiracy theories on beliefs, and the impact of conspiracy theory beliefs on behaviors. Numerous studies identify supportive correlations, concluding implicitly or explicitly that exposure causes belief and that beliefs subsequently cause behavior. We argue that while these causal relationships may exist, such conclusions currently lack robust evidence. We present an alternative model of the relationship between exposure, beliefs, and behaviors that accounts for other potentially causal factors and pathways. We encourage further work into the causal effects of exposure to, and beliefs in, conspiracy theories.}, }
@article {pmid35728142, year = {2022}, author = {Guan, G and Rich, AM and Polonowita, A and Mei, L}, title = {Review of taste and taste disturbance in COVID-19 patients.}, journal = {The New Zealand medical journal}, volume = {135}, number = {1549}, pages = {81-91}, pmid = {35728142}, issn = {1175-8716}, abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that has become a significant global public health concern. The virus gains entry to cells via angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptors, which have been found to be the functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2 infection. High expression of ACE2 is found in type II alveolar cells, macrophages, bronchial and tracheal epithelial cells and in the oral cavity, particularly on the tongue. Taste disturbance is one of the early symptoms of COVID-19, suggesting that taste cells in taste buds are vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Taste is modulated by hormones that are regulated in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Hypothetical causes of taste disturbance by SARS-CoV-2 may be due to direct cell and/or neuronal injuries, inflammatory responses and dysregulation of ACE2.}, }
@article {pmid35728088, year = {2022}, author = {Umesh, M and Singaravelu, V and Daulatabad, V and Kamble, P and Singhal, A and John, NA and John, J}, title = {An overview of prognostic value of neurologic and cardiac biomarkers in patients with COVID-19 sequelae.}, journal = {Hormone molecular biology and clinical investigation}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1515/hmbci-2022-0015}, pmid = {35728088}, issn = {1868-1891}, abstract = {Many studies conducted after the pandemic period revealed that, while COVID-19 primarily injured the lungs, it also affects other organs in the form of cardiovascular complications, metabolic derangements, renal damage, and so on. Although we know that inflammatory cascades, complement activation, and pro-inflammatory cytokines are all involved in vasculitic processes that cause organ damage, we do not know the exact mechanism of complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), cardiovascular ischemia, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary thromboembolism, and brain injuries (embolism) that are frequently observed in COVID 19. The currently available biomarkers do not predict the severity of the aforementioned complications. As a result, more specific biomarkers such as serum calcium binding protein (S100B), glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), myelin basic protein (MBP), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), hs-TNI, (highly sensitive cardiac troponin) - HBDH, (Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase), CK-MB (creatine kinase myocardial band), ST2 (suppression of tumorigenicity 2) are in need for early detection &amp; improved clinical outcome.}, }
@article {pmid35727563, year = {2022}, author = {Keam, SJ}, title = {Tixagevimab + Cilgavimab: First Approval.}, journal = {Drugs}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35727563}, issn = {1179-1950}, abstract = {Tixagevimab 150 mg and cilgavimab 150 mg (EVUSHELDTM 150 mg + 150 mg solution for injection; tixagevimab + cilgavimab) is an intramuscular (IM) long-acting monoclonal antibody combination developed by AstraZeneca for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. In March 2022, tixagevimab + cilgavimab was approved in the UK for pre-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19 in adults who are not currently infected with SARS-CoV-2 and who have not had a known recent exposure to an individual infected with SARS-CoV-2 and who are unlikely to mount an adequate immune response to COVID-19 vaccination or for whom COVID-19 vaccination is not recommended, and in the EU for the prevention of COVID-19 in adults and adolescents aged ≥ 12 years and weighing ≥40 kg. In December 2021, tixagevimab + cilgavimab was granted Emergency Use Authorization by the US FDA for the pre-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19 in adults and paediatric individuals (≥ 12 years of age and weighing ≥ 40 kg). This article summarizes the milestones in the development of tixagevimab + cilgavimab leading to this first approval for pre-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19 in individuals who are not currently infected with SARS-CoV-2.}, }
@article {pmid35727534, year = {2022}, author = {Mazza, MG and Palladini, M and Poletti, S and Benedetti, F}, title = {Post-COVID-19 Depressive Symptoms: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Pharmacological Treatment.}, journal = {CNS drugs}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35727534}, issn = {1179-1934}, abstract = {The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is still spreading worldwide over 2 years since its outbreak. The psychopathological implications in COVID-19 survivors such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairments are now recognized as primary symptoms of the "post-acute COVID-19 syndrome." Depressive psychopathology was reported in around 35% of patients at short, medium, and long-term follow-up after the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Post-COVID-19 depressive symptoms are known to increase fatigue and affect neurocognitive functioning, sleep, quality of life, and global functioning in COVID-19 survivors. The psychopathological mechanisms underlying post-COVID-19 depressive symptoms are mainly related to the inflammation triggered by the peripheral immune-inflammatory response to the viral infection and to the persistent psychological burden during and after infection. The large number of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients and the high prevalence of post-COVID-19 depressive symptoms may significantly increase the pool of people suffering from depressive disorders. Therefore, it is essential to screen, diagnose, treat, and monitor COVID-19 survivors' psychopathology to counteract the depression disease burden and related years of life lived with disability. This paper reviews the current literature in order to synthesize the available evidence regarding epidemiology, clinical features, neurobiological underpinning, and pharmacological treatment of post-COVID-19 depressive symptoms.}, }
@article {pmid35726735, year = {2022}, author = {Yang, F and Wen, J and Huang, N and Riem, MME and Lodder, P and Guo, J}, title = {Prevalence and Related Factors of Child Posttraumatic Stress Disorder during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.}, journal = {European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-39}, doi = {10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.31}, pmid = {35726735}, issn = {1778-3585}, }
@article {pmid35726619, year = {2022}, author = {Kario, K and Harada, N and Okura, A}, title = {Digital Therapeutics in Hypertension: Evidence and Perspectives.}, journal = {Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {HYPERTENSIONAHA12219414}, doi = {10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.19414}, pmid = {35726619}, issn = {1524-4563}, abstract = {Digital therapeutics refers to the use of evidence-based therapeutic interventions driven by high-quality software programs to treat, manage, or prevent a medical condition. This approach is being increasingly investigated for the management of hypertension, a common condition that is the leading preventable cardiovascular disease risk factor worldwide. Digital interventions can help facilitate uptake of important guideline-recommended lifestyle modifications, reinforce home blood pressure monitoring, decrease therapeutic inertia, and improve medication adherence. However, current studies are only of moderate quality, and are highly heterogeneous in the interventions evaluated, comparator used, and results obtained. Therefore, additional studies are needed, focusing on the development of universally applicable and consistent digital therapeutic strategies designed with health care professional input and evaluation of these interventions in robust clinical trials with objective end points. Hopefully, the momentum for digital therapeutics triggered by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic can be utilized to maximize advancements in this field and drive widespread implementation.}, }
@article {pmid35726542, year = {2022}, author = {Bazargan, M and Elahi, R and Esmaeilzadeh, A}, title = {OMICRON: Virology, Immunopathogenesis, and laboratory diagnosis.}, journal = {The journal of gene medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e3435}, doi = {10.1002/jgm.3435}, pmid = {35726542}, issn = {1521-2254}, abstract = {Since its emersion, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a significant global dilemma. Several mutations in the severe acute respiratory virus (SARS-Co-2) genome has given rise to different variants with various levels of transmissibility, severity, and mortality. Up to November 2021, the variants of concern (VOC) declared by the world health organization (WHO) were Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Gamma. Since then, a novel variant named Omicron (B.1.1.529) has been developed. BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, and BA.3 are four known subvariants of Omicron. The Omicron involves new mutations in its spike protein, most of which are in its receptor binding site (RBD), that increase its transmissibility and decrease its antibody and vaccine response. Understanding the virology and mutations of Omicron is necessary for developing diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Moreover, important issues, such as the risk of reinfection, the response to different kinds of vaccines, the need for a booster vaccine dose, and the increased risk of Omicron infection in pediatrics need to be addressed. In this article, we overview the biological and immunopathological properties of Omicron and its subvariants, its clinical signs and symptoms, Omicron and pediatrics, Vaccines against Omicron, Reinfection with Omicron, diagnostic approaches, and specific challenges of Omicron to successfully control and manage the rapid global spreading of this variant.}, }
@article {pmid35726347, year = {2022}, author = {Velicia Peñas, C and Del Campo Pérez, VM and Rivero Calle, I and Armenteros Del Olmo, L and Pérez Rodríguez, MT and Gestal Otero, JJ}, title = {[Expert opinion on strategies to improve vaccination coverage against seasonal influenza].}, journal = {Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.37201/req/031.2022}, pmid = {35726347}, issn = {1988-9518}, abstract = {Seasonal flu continues to be a major public health concern, and the influenza vaccine remains the most effective preventive measure. In Spain, vaccination coverage data from previous seasons show vaccination rates well below official targets; however, these figures improved significantly after the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the importance of achieving and maintaining high vaccination rates in order to avoid the clinical and economic impact of influenza, our multidisciplinary group of experts on vaccines analyzed the impact of low vaccination rates in Spain and drafted a series of measures to boost influenza vaccination coverage, particularly among priority groups.}, }
@article {pmid35726344, year = {2022}, author = {Klein, SL}, title = {My story of sex, gender, and women's health in a pandemic.}, journal = {Immunological reviews}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/imr.13111}, pmid = {35726344}, issn = {1600-065X}, abstract = {After more than 20 years of studying sex differences in viral pathogenesis and immunity to vaccines, the COVID-19 pandemic provided me with a unique opportunity to raise awareness about biological sex differences. The scientific community and public, alike, embraced the clinical and epidemiological data and supported inquiries into how males are twice as likely to be hospitalized and die from COVID-19. Immunological changes associated with pregnancy also contribute to worse outcomes from COVID-19. Collectively, we are finding that inflammation is a critical mediator of worse outcomes for males and pregnant females. The pandemic gave me a platform to discuss and address sex differences on a bigger stage, but two decades of studies working with other viruses prepared me for this moment in history.}, }
@article {pmid35726224, year = {2022}, author = {Li, Y}, title = {The Bioactivities of Phycocyanobilin from Spirulina.}, journal = {Journal of immunology research}, volume = {2022}, number = {}, pages = {4008991}, doi = {10.1155/2022/4008991}, pmid = {35726224}, issn = {2314-7156}, mesh = {Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Brain Ischemia ; *COVID-19 ; Humans ; NADPH Oxidases ; NF-kappa B ; Phycobilins ; Phycocyanin ; *Spirulina/metabolism ; *Stroke ; }, abstract = {Phycocyanobilin (PCB) is a linear open-chain tetrapyrrole chromophore that captures and senses light and a variety of biological activities, such as anti-oxidation, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory. In this paper, the biological activities of PCB are reviewed, and the related mechanism of PCB and its latest application in disease treatment are introduced. PCB can resist oxidation by scavenging free radicals, inhibiting the activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, and delaying the activity of antioxidant enzymes. In addition, PCB can also be used as an excellent anti-inflammatory agent to reduce the proinflammatory factors IL-6 and IFN-γ and to up-regulate the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by inhibiting the inflammatory signal pathways NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Due to the above biological activities of phycocyanobilin PCB, it is expected to become a new effective drug for treating various diseases, such as COVID-19 complications, atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis (MS), and ischaemic stroke (IS).}, }
@article {pmid35726132, year = {2022}, author = {Sylvester, SV and Rusu, R and Chan, B and Bellows, M and O'Keefe, C and Nicholson, S}, title = {Sex differences in sequelae from COVID-19 infection and in long COVID syndrome: a review.}, journal = {Current medical research and opinion}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-9}, doi = {10.1080/03007995.2022.2081454}, pmid = {35726132}, issn = {1473-4877}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We conducted literature reviews to uncover differential effects of sex on sequelae from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and on long COVID syndrome.<br><br>METHODS: Two authors independently searched OvidSP in Embase, Medline, Biosis, and Derwent Drug File. Publications reporting original, sex-disaggregated data for sequelae of COVID-19 (published before August 2020) and long COVID syndrome (published before June 2021) were included in the reviews. The association between COVID-19 sequelae (i.e. lasting <4 weeks after symptom onset) and sex, and between long COVID syndrome (i.e. lasting >4 weeks after symptom onset) and sex, was determined by odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) (statistical significance defined by 95% CI not including 1).<br><br>RESULTS: Of 4346 publications identified, 23 and 12 met eligibility criteria for COVID-19 sequelae and long COVID syndrome, respectively. COVID-19 sequelae in the categories of psychiatric/mood (OR = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.35-2.41), ENT (OR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.39-1.46), musculoskeletal (OR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.14-1.16), and respiratory (OR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.08-1.11) were significantly more likely among females (vs. males), whereas renal sequelae (OR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.75-0.93) were significantly more likely among males. The likelihood of having long COVID syndrome was significantly greater among females (OR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.13-1.32), with the odds of ENT (OR = 2.28; 95% CI: 1.94-2.67), GI (OR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.04-2.44), psychiatric/mood (OR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.37-1.82), neurological (OR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.03-1.63), dermatological (OR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.05-1.58), and other (OR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.25-1.49) disorders significantly higher among females and the odds of endocrine (OR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.69-0.81) and renal disorders (OR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.64-0.86) significantly higher among males.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Sex-disaggregated differences for COVID-19 sequelae and long COVID syndrome were observed. Few COVID-19 studies report sex-disaggregated data, underscoring the need for further sex-based research/reporting of COVID-19 disease.}, }
@article {pmid35726131, year = {2022}, author = {Popp, M and Reis, S and Schießer, S and Hausinger, RI and Stegemann, M and Metzendorf, MI and Kranke, P and Meybohm, P and Skoetz, N and Weibel, S}, title = {Ivermectin for preventing and treating COVID-19.}, journal = {The Cochrane database of systematic reviews}, volume = {6}, number = {}, pages = {CD015017}, pmid = {35726131}, issn = {1469-493X}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Humans ; Ivermectin/adverse effects ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Respiration, Artificial ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severity of Illness Index ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Ivermectin, an antiparasitic agent, inhibits the replication of viruses in vitro. The molecular hypothesis of ivermectin's antiviral mode of action suggests an inhibitory effect on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication in early stages of infection. Currently, evidence on ivermectin for prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 treatment is conflicting.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and safety of ivermectin plus standard of care compared to standard of care plus/minus placebo, or any other proven intervention for people with COVID-19 receiving treatment as inpatients or outpatients, and for prevention of an infection with SARS-CoV-2 (postexposure prophylaxis).<br><br>SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, Web of Science (Emerging Citation Index and Science Citation Index), WHO COVID-19 Global literature on coronavirus disease, and HTA database weekly to identify completed and ongoing trials without language restrictions to 16 December 2021. Additionally, we included trials with > 1000 participants up to April 2022.<br><br>SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing ivermectin to standard of care, placebo, or another proven intervention for treatment of people with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis, irrespective of disease severity or treatment setting, and for prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Co-interventions had to be the same in both study arms. For this review update, we reappraised eligible trials for research integrity: only RCTs prospectively registered in a trial registry according to WHO guidelines for clinical trial registration were eligible for inclusion.<br><br>DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We assessed RCTs for bias, using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. We used GRADE to rate the certainty of evidence for outcomes in the following settings and populations: 1) to treat inpatients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19, 2) to treat outpatients with mild COVID-19 (outcomes: mortality, clinical worsening or improvement, (serious) adverse events, quality of life, and viral clearance), and 3) to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection (outcomes: SARS-CoV-2 infection, development of COVID-19 symptoms, admission to hospital, mortality, adverse events and quality of life).<br><br>MAIN RESULTS: We excluded seven of the 14 trials included in the previous review version; six were not prospectively registered and one was non-randomized. This updated review includes 11 trials with 3409 participants investigating ivermectin plus standard of care compared to standard of care plus/minus placebo. No trial investigated ivermectin for prevention of infection or compared ivermectin to an intervention with proven efficacy. Five trials treated participants with moderate COVID-19 (inpatient settings); six treated mild COVID-19 (outpatient settings). Eight trials were double-blind and placebo-controlled, and three were open-label. We assessed around 50% of the trial results as low risk of bias. We identified 31 ongoing trials. In addition, there are 28 potentially eligible trials without publication of results, or with disparities in the reporting of the methods and results, held in 'awaiting classification' until the trial authors clarify questions upon request. Ivermectin for treating COVID-19 in inpatient settings with moderate-to-severe disease We are uncertain whether ivermectin plus standard of care compared to standard of care plus/minus placebo reduces or increases all-cause mortality at 28 days (risk ratio (RR) 0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.14 to 2.51; 3 trials, 230 participants; very low-certainty evidence); or clinical worsening, assessed by participants with new need for invasive mechanical ventilation or death at day 28 (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.33 to 2.04; 2 trials, 118 participants; very low-certainty evidence); or serious adverse events during the trial period (RR 1.55, 95% CI 0.07 to 35.89; 2 trials, 197 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Ivermectin plus standard of care compared to standard of care plus placebo may have little or no effect on clinical improvement, assessed by the number of participants discharged alive at day 28 (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.35; 1 trial, 73 participants; low-certainty evidence); on any adverse events during the trial period (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.61 to 1.79; 3 trials, 228 participants; low-certainty evidence); and on viral clearance at 7 days (RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.58; 3 trials, 231 participants; low-certainty evidence). No trial investigated quality of life at any time point. Ivermectin for treating COVID-19 in outpatient settings with asymptomatic or mild disease Ivermectin plus standard of care compared to standard of care plus/minus placebo probably has little or no effect on all-cause mortality at day 28 (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.47 to 1.25; 6 trials, 2860 participants; moderate-certainty evidence) and little or no effect on quality of life, measured with the PROMIS Global-10 scale (physical component mean difference (MD) 0.00, 95% CI -0.98 to 0.98; and mental component MD 0.00, 95% CI -1.08 to 1.08; 1358 participants; high-certainty evidence). Ivermectin may have little or no effect on clinical worsening, assessed by admission to hospital or death within 28 days (RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.20 to 6.02; 2 trials, 590 participants; low-certainty evidence); on clinical improvement, assessed by the number of participants with all initial symptoms resolved up to 14 days (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.60 to 1.36; 2 trials, 478 participants; low-certainty evidence); on serious adverse events (RR 2.27, 95% CI 0.62 to 8.31; 5 trials, 1502 participants; low-certainty evidence); on any adverse events during the trial period (RR 1.24, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.76; 5 trials, 1502 participants; low-certainty evidence); and on viral clearance at day 7 compared to placebo (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.48; 2 trials, 331 participants; low-certainty evidence). None of the trials reporting duration of symptoms were eligible for meta-analysis.<br><br>AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: For outpatients, there is currently low- to high-certainty evidence that ivermectin has no beneficial effect for people with COVID-19. Based on the very low-certainty evidence for inpatients, we are still uncertain whether ivermectin prevents death or clinical worsening or increases serious adverse events, while there is low-certainty evidence that it has no beneficial effect regarding clinical improvement, viral clearance and adverse events. No evidence is available on ivermectin to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this update, certainty of evidence increased through higher quality trials including more participants. According to this review's living approach, we will continually update our search.}, }
@article {pmid35726090, year = {2022}, author = {Pandit, JA and Radin, JM and Quer, G and Topol, EJ}, title = {Smartphone apps in the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {Nature biotechnology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35726090}, issn = {1546-1696}, abstract = {At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, analog tools such as nasopharyngeal swabs for PCR tests were center stage and the major prevention tactics of masking and physical distancing were a throwback to the 1918 influenza pandemic. Overall, there has been scant regard for digital tools, particularly those based on smartphone apps, which is surprising given the ubiquity of smartphones across the globe. Smartphone apps, given accessibility in the time of physical distancing, were widely used for tracking, tracing and educating the public about COVID-19. Despite limitations, such as concerns around data privacy, data security, digital health illiteracy and structural inequities, there is ample evidence that apps are beneficial for understanding outbreak epidemiology, individual screening and contact tracing. While there were successes and failures in each category, outbreak epidemiology and individual screening were substantially enhanced by the reach of smartphone apps and accessory wearables. Continued use of apps within the digital infrastructure promises to provide an important tool for rigorous investigation of outcomes both in the ongoing outbreak and in future epidemics.}, }
@article {pmid35725925, year = {2022}, author = {Pantaleo, G and Correia, B and Fenwick, C and Joo, VS and Perez, L}, title = {Antibodies to combat viral infections: development strategies and progress.}, journal = {Nature reviews. Drug discovery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35725925}, issn = {1474-1784}, abstract = {Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are appealing as potential therapeutics and prophylactics for viral infections owing to characteristics such as their high specificity and their ability to enhance immune responses. Furthermore, antibody engineering can be used to strengthen effector function and prolong mAb half-life, and advances in structural biology have enabled the selection and optimization of potent neutralizing mAbs through identification of vulnerable regions in viral proteins, which can also be relevant for vaccine design. The COVID-19 pandemic has stimulated extensive efforts to develop neutralizing mAbs against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with several mAbs now having received authorization for emergency use, providing not just an important component of strategies to combat COVID-19 but also a boost to efforts to harness mAbs in therapeutic and preventive settings for other infectious diseases. Here, we describe advances in antibody discovery and engineering that have led to the development of mAbs for use against infections caused by viruses including SARS-CoV-2, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Ebola virus (EBOV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and influenza. We also discuss the rationale for moving from empirical to structure-guided strategies in vaccine development, based on identifying optimal candidate antigens and vulnerable regions within them that can be targeted by antibodies to result in a strong protective immune response.}, }
@article {pmid35724011, year = {2021}, author = {Bernard, L and Bévillard-Charrière, Q and Taha, S and Holmes, D}, title = {.}, journal = {Recherche en soins infirmiers}, volume = {145}, number = {2}, pages = {91-103}, doi = {10.3917/rsi.145.0091}, pmid = {35724011}, issn = {0297-2964}, mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {Context : The current COVID-19 context has placed nurses at the heart of the pandemic, due to the critical role they play within the population. However, media and professional discourses are influencing the identity and clinical practice of nurses.Objective : Review the literature on the construction of the popular identity of nurses and their roles during the COVID-19 pandemic.Method : Several data sources were consulted : Eureka, Google News, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), Sociological Abstracts, Cumulative Index to Nursing Information and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), MEDLINE, and Social Sciences Abstracts. Manual searches of government and professional sites were also conducted.Results : Of a total of 281 papers indexed, 73 were retained. The literature analysis identified the following themes : 1) identity images of nurses during this pandemic and their professional roles ; 2) the sometimes paradoxical nature of media and political discourse ; and 3) the fact that this discourse seems to influence clinical nursing practice, which is being assigned new roles.Conclusion : This article raises awareness among decision-makers about the multiple roles of nurses and the public image of nurses during a pandemic, and takes a critical look at popular discourses related to nurses' identity and how this identity changes during a pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid35720954, year = {2020}, author = {Koroye, OF and Adejumo, A and Emile, SH and Ukoima, HS and Fente, BG}, title = {Surgery in the COVID-19 Era: A Narrative Review.}, journal = {Journal of the West African College of Surgeons}, volume = {10}, number = {3}, pages = {1-7}, doi = {10.4103/jwas.jwas_20_21}, pmid = {35720954}, issn = {2276-6944}, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected the delivery of surgical care and services. This review article aims to appraise the impact of COVID-19 on surgical care. The authors discuss the literature on surgery and COVID-19 under the following themes: emergency case triaging, elective surgery triaging, operating on a COVID-19-positive patient, surgical smoke, management of scarce resources, and restarting elective surgery. Most of the large surgical societies recommended and most surgical departments all over the world implemented the cancellation of elective surgeries, while emergency surgeries proceeded as usual. Elective surgeries were triaged taking into consideration the COVID-19 infection rate in the locality, availability of resources, and the need for intensive care unit beds and ventilators. A COVID-19-positive patient should not be denied surgery if indicated, and the recommended precautions and use of personal protective equipment should be adhered to. The generation of surgical smoke occurs in both laparoscopic and open surgeries, and it has not been shown to contain this novel virus. Smoke generation should be minimized and laid down guidelines followed. Laparoscopic surgery seems to have an advantage over open surgery in this regard. In resuming elective surgeries, the local infection rates, bed occupancy rate, and availability of resources should be taken into cognizance. We should learn from this pandemic so as to be prepared for future occurrences, which is a significant possibility.}, }
@article {pmid35715852, year = {2022}, author = {Yasamineh, S and Kalajahi, HG and Yasamineh, P and Gholizadeh, O and Youshanlouei, HR and Matloub, SK and Mozafari, M and Jokar, E and Yazdani, Y and Dadashpour, M}, title = {Spotlight on therapeutic efficiency of mesenchymal stem cells in viral infections with a focus on COVID-19.}, journal = {Stem cell research &amp; therapy}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {257}, pmid = {35715852}, issn = {1757-6512}, mesh = {Aged ; *COVID-19/therapy ; Humans ; *Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; *Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {The SARS-COV-2 virus has infected the world at a very high rate by causing COVID-19 disease. Nearly 507 million individuals have been infected with this virus, with approximately 1.2% of these patients being dead, indicating that this virus has been out of control in many countries. While researchers are investigating how to develop efficient drugs and vaccines versus the COVID-19 pandemic, new superseded treatments have the potential to reduce mortality. The recent application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in a subgroup of COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress has created potential benefits as supportive therapy for this viral contagion in patients with acute conditions and aged patients with severe pneumonia. Consequently, within this overview, we discuss the role and therapeutic potential of MSCs and the challenges ahead in using them to treat viral infections, with highlighting on COVID-19 infection.}, }
@article {pmid35715795, year = {2022}, author = {Carvalho, AS and Brito Fernandes, Ó and de Lange, M and Lingsma, H and Klazinga, N and Kringos, D}, title = {Changes in the quality of cancer care as assessed through performance indicators during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020: a scoping review.}, journal = {BMC health services research}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, pages = {786}, pmid = {35715795}, issn = {1472-6963}, mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; *Neoplasms/epidemiology/therapy ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cancer comprises a high burden on health systems. Performance indicators monitoring cancer outcomes are routinely used in OECD countries. However, the development of process and cancer-pathway based information is essential to guide health care delivery, allowing for better monitoring of changes in the quality of care provided. Assessing the changes in the quality of cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic requires a structured approach considering the high volume of publications. This study aims to summarize performance indicators used in the literature to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer care (January-June 2020) in OECD countries and to assess changes in the quality of care as reported via selected indicators.<br><br>METHODS: Search conducted in MEDLINE and Embase databases. Performance indicators and their trends were collated according to the cancer care pathway.<br><br>RESULTS: This study included 135 articles, from which 1013 indicators were retrieved. Indicators assessing the diagnostic process showed a decreasing trend: from 33 indicators reporting on screening, 30 (91%) signalled a decrease during the pandemic (n = 30 indicators, 91%). A reduction was also observed in the number of diagnostic procedures (n = 64, 58%) and diagnoses (n = 130, 89%). The proportion of diagnoses in the emergency setting and waiting times showed increasing trends (n = 8, 89% and n = 14, 56%, respectively). A decreasing trend in the proportion of earliest stage cancers was reported by 63% of indicators (n = 9), and 70% (n = 43) of indicators showed an increasing trend in the proportion of advanced-stage cancers. Indicators reflecting the treatment process signalled a reduction in the number of procedures: 79%(n = 82) of indicators concerning surgeries, 72%(n = 41) of indicators assessing radiotherapy, and 93%(n = 40) of indicators related to systemic therapies. Modifications in cancer treatment were frequently reported: 64%(n = 195) of indicators revealed changes in treatment.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a summary of performance indicators used in the literature to assess the cancer care pathway from January 2020 to June 2020 in OECD countries, and the changes in the quality of care signalled by these indicators. The trends reported inform on potential bottlenecks of the cancer care pathway. Monitoring this information closely could contribute to identifying moments for intervention during crises.}, }
@article {pmid35715504, year = {2022}, author = {Maslove, DM and Tang, B and Shankar-Hari, M and Lawler, PR and Angus, DC and Baillie, JK and Baron, RM and Bauer, M and Buchman, TG and Calfee, CS and Dos Santos, CC and Giamarellos-Bourboulis, EJ and Gordon, AC and Kellum, JA and Knight, JC and Leligdowicz, A and McAuley, DF and McLean, AS and Menon, DK and Meyer, NJ and Moldawer, LL and Reddy, K and Reilly, JP and Russell, JA and Sevransky, JE and Seymour, CW and Shapiro, NI and Singer, M and Summers, C and Sweeney, TE and Thompson, BT and van der Poll, T and Venkatesh, B and Walley, KR and Walsh, TS and Ware, LB and Wong, HR and Zador, ZE and Marshall, JC}, title = {Redefining critical illness.}, journal = {Nature medicine}, volume = {28}, number = {6}, pages = {1141-1148}, pmid = {35715504}, issn = {1546-170X}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Critical Care ; Critical Illness ; Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Syndrome ; }, abstract = {Research and practice in critical care medicine have long been defined by syndromes, which, despite being clinically recognizable entities, are, in fact, loose amalgams of heterogeneous states that may respond differently to therapy. Mounting translational evidence-supported by research on respiratory failure due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection-suggests that the current syndrome-based framework of critical illness should be reconsidered. Here we discuss recent findings from basic science and clinical research in critical care and explore how these might inform a new conceptual model of critical illness. De-emphasizing syndromes, we focus on the underlying biological changes that underpin critical illness states and that may be amenable to treatment. We hypothesize that such an approach will accelerate critical care research, leading to a richer understanding of the pathobiology of critical illness and of the key determinants of patient outcomes. This, in turn, will support the design of more effective clinical trials and inform a more precise and more effective practice at the bedside.}, }
@article {pmid35715255, year = {2022}, author = {Kloczewiak, M and Banks, JM and Jin, L and Brader, ML}, title = {A Biopharmaceutical Perspective on Higher-Order Structure and Thermal Stability of mRNA Vaccines.}, journal = {Molecular pharmaceutics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00092}, pmid = {35715255}, issn = {1543-8392}, abstract = {Preservation of the integrity of macromolecular higher-order structure is a tenet central to achieving biologic drug and vaccine product stability toward manufacturing, distribution, storage, handling, and administration. Given that mRNA lipid nanoparticles (mRNA-LNPs) are held together by an intricate ensemble of weak forces, there are some intriguing parallels to biologic drugs, at least at first glance. However, mRNA vaccines are not without unique formulation and stabilization challenges derived from the instability of unmodified mRNA and its limited history as a drug or vaccine. Since certain learning gained from biologic drug development may be applicable for the improvement of mRNA vaccines, we present a perspective on parallels and contrasts between the emerging role of higher-order structure pertaining to mRNA-LNPs compared to pharmaceutical proteins. In a recent publication, the location of mRNA encapsulated within lipid nanoparticles was identified, revealing new insights into the LNP structure, nanoheterogeneity, and microenvironment of the encapsulated mRNA molecules [Brader et al. Biophys. J. 2021, 120, 2766]. We extend those findings by considering the effect of encapsulation on mRNA thermal unfolding with the observation that encapsulation in LNPs increases mRNA unfolding temperatures.}, }
@article {pmid35725046, year = {2022}, author = {Feldman, AG and Danziger-Isakov, LA}, title = {The impact of COVID-19 on the pediatric solid organ transplant population.}, journal = {Seminars in pediatric surgery}, volume = {31}, number = {3}, pages = {151178}, doi = {10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2022.151178}, pmid = {35725046}, issn = {1532-9453}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Child ; Humans ; *Organ Transplantation ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Transplant Recipients ; }, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has significantly impacted all aspects of healthcare including solid organ transplantation. In this review, we discuss the specific impact of COVID-19 on the pediatric solid organ transplant population including access to grafts for pediatric transplant candidates as well as COVID-19 disease manifestations in pediatric transplant recipients. We address the current knowledge of prevention and management of COVID-19 in pediatric transplant recipients and provide additional information regarding social distancing, infection prevention and return to school.}, }
@article {pmid35724511, year = {2022}, author = {Xiao, Y and Ren, Q and Wu, L}, title = {The pharmacokinetic property and pharmacological activity of acteoside: A review.}, journal = {Biomedicine &amp; pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine &amp; pharmacotherapie}, volume = {153}, number = {}, pages = {113296}, doi = {10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113296}, pmid = {35724511}, issn = {1950-6007}, abstract = {Acteoside (AC), a phenylpropanoid glycoside isolated from many dicotyledonous plants, has been demonstrated various pharmacological activities, including anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, neuroprotection, cardiovascular protection, anti-diabetes, bone and cartilage protection, hepatoprotection, and anti-microorganism. However, AC has a poor bioavailability, which can be potentially improved by different strategies. The health-promoting characteristics of AC can be attributed to its mediation in many signaling pathways, such as MAPK, NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, TGFβ/Smad, and AMPK/mTOR. Interestingly, docking simulation study indicates that AC can be an effective candidate to inhibit the activity of SARS-CoV2 main protease and protect against COVID-19. Many clinical trials for AC have been investigated, and it shows great potentials in drug development.}, }
@article {pmid35724449, year = {2022}, author = {Newell, KL and Waickman, AT}, title = {Inflammation, immunity, and antigen persistence in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.}, journal = {Current opinion in immunology}, volume = {77}, number = {}, pages = {102228}, doi = {10.1016/j.coi.2022.102228}, pmid = {35724449}, issn = {1879-0372}, abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 infection is known to result in a range of symptoms with varying degrees of acute-phase severity. In a subset of individuals, an equally diverse collection of long-term sequelae has been reported after convalescence. As survivorship and therefore the number of individuals with 'long-COVID' continues to grow, an understanding of the prevalence, origins, and mechanisms of post-acute sequelae manifestation is critically needed. Here, we will explore proposed roles of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune response in the onset, severity, and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 post-acute sequelae. We discuss the potential roles of persistent virus and autoantigens in this syndrome, as well as the contributions of unresolved inflammation and tissue injury. Furthermore, we highlight recent evidence demonstrating the potential benefits of vaccination and immunity in the resolution of post-acute symptoms.}, }
@article {pmid35724448, year = {2022}, author = {Ambegaonkar, AA and Holla, P and Dizon, BL and Sohn, H and Pierce, SK}, title = {Atypical B cells in chronic infectious diseases and systemic autoimmunity: puzzles with many missing pieces.}, journal = {Current opinion in immunology}, volume = {77}, number = {}, pages = {102227}, doi = {10.1016/j.coi.2022.102227}, pmid = {35724448}, issn = {1879-0372}, abstract = {The world's struggle to contain the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, primarily through vaccination, has highlighted the importance of better understanding the biology of B cells that participate in defense against infectious diseases, both acute and chronic. Here, we focus on a population of human B cells, termed atypical B cells (ABCs), that comprise a distinct B-cell lineage that differentiates from naive B cells in an interferon-γ-driven process, and are infrequent in healthy individuals but significantly expanded in chronic infectious diseases, including malaria, as well as in systemic autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Recent comparisons of ABCs by single-cell RNAseq provided evidence that ABCs in diverse chronic infectious diseases and in systemic autoimmune diseases are highly related and share common drivers of differentiation and expansion. However, ABCs in different diseases are not identical and also show discrete disease-specific features. Here, we compare and contrast key features of two ABC populations, namely those that are expanded in individuals living in malaria-endemic areas of the world versus those in SLE patients. This comparison is of interest as it appears that unique features of these two diseases result in participation of autoreactive ABCs in parasite-specific responses in malaria but in pathogenic autoimmune responses in SLE. A better understanding of the commonality and differences in the ABC responses in these two diseases may provide critical insights into the development of vaccines that drive pathogen-specific antibody responses and avoid autoimmunity.}, }
@article {pmid35724446, year = {2022}, author = {Rasmussen, MK and Kronborg, C and Fasterholdt, I and Kidholm, K}, title = {Economic evaluations of interventions against viral pandemics: a scoping review.}, journal = {Public health}, volume = {208}, number = {}, pages = {72-79}, doi = {10.1016/j.puhe.2022.05.001}, pmid = {35724446}, issn = {1476-5616}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to suggestions that cost-effectiveness analyses should adopt a broader perspective when estimating costs. This review aims to provide an overview of economic evaluations of interventions against viral pandemics in terms of the perspective taken, types of costs included, comparators, type of economic model, data sources and methods for estimating productivity costs.<br><br>STUDY DESIGN: Scoping literature review.<br><br>METHODS: Publications were eligible if they conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-utility analysis, cost-benefit analysis or cost-minimisation analysis and evaluated interventions aimed at viral pandemics or for patients infected with viral pandemic disease. We searched PubMed, Embase and Scopus for relevant references and charted data from the selected full-text publications into a predefined spreadsheet based on research sub-questions, summary tables and figures.<br><br>RESULTS: From 5410 references, 36 full-text publications fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The economic evaluations were mainly model based and included direct medical costs of hospital treatment. Around half of the studies included productivity costs and the proportion of total costs attributed to productivity costs ranged from 10% to 90%, depending on estimation methods, assumptions about valuation of time, type of intervention, severity of illness and degree of transmission.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Economic evaluations of interventions against viral pandemics differed in terms of estimation methods and reporting of productivity costs, even for similar interventions. Hence, the literature on economic evaluations for pandemic response would benefit from having standards for conducting and reporting economic evaluations, especially for productivity costs.}, }
@article {pmid35724194, year = {2022}, author = {Lessard, L and Simard, D and Morin, MH}, title = {.}, journal = {Sante publique (Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France)}, volume = {33}, number = {6}, pages = {897-904}, doi = {10.3917/spub.216.0897}, pmid = {35724194}, issn = {0995-3914}, mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; Mental Health ; *Pandemics ; Quebec/epidemiology ; Rural Population ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Psychosocial impacts of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, including those on mental health, are now recognized. However, the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic differs from one individual, group or context to another and solutions to cope with it must be adapted and contextualized.<br><br>AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aims to identify factors of psychosocial vulnerability in rural populations in Quebec (Canada).<br><br>METHOD: The approach is adapted from previous work on the prevention and reduction of the psychosocial impacts of climate change in non-metropolitan areas. A descriptive qualitative design based on several data sources was used. The data come from a press review, a review of the scientific literature, semi-structured interviews with key actors in the community and municipal domains.<br><br>RESULTS: Data triangulation and validation by community organization teams (public health department) identified forty-one (N = 41) factors (e.g., social cohesion, digital literacy) likely to increase or decrease the psychosocial vulnerability of rural populations in the context of a pandemic. These factors are grouped under six categories of determinants: 1) population's knowledge and attitudes towards the pandemic, 2) previous experience of difficult events, 3) community dynamism, social cohesion and solidarity, 4) citizens, municipalities and government authorities' involvement, 5) health and social services and those from their intersectoral partners, and 6) land use planning.<br><br>CONCLUSION: These results are useful for local and regional public health teams in developing local portraits of psychosocial vulnerabilities to support plans to strengthen community resilience and reduce social and health inequalities accentuated by the pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid35723901, year = {2022}, author = {Souza, SRRK and Pereira, AP and Prandini, NR and Resende, ACAP and de Freitas, EAM and Trigueiro, TH and Wall, ML}, title = {Breastfeeding in times of COVID-19: a scoping review.}, journal = {Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da U S P}, volume = {56}, number = {}, pages = {e20210556}, doi = {10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2021-0556en}, pmid = {35723901}, issn = {1980-220X}, mesh = {*Breast Feeding/psychology ; *COVID-19 ; Emotions ; Female ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; Postpartum Period/psychology ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: to identify how the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced postpartum women in breastfeeding.<br><br>METHOD: a scoping review, with a search in seven databases. Studies available in full, in English, Portuguese or Spanish, published from December/2019-April/2021 were included. The analysis was carried out by categorizing common themes.<br><br>RESULTS: 25 studies were included, grouped into five categories, presenting the influence of the pandemic: in the routine of breastfeeding care, evidencing preventive measures against COVID-19; in breastfeeding rates, highlighting changes in dietary practices; in the support network for breastfeeding, indicating a lack of service care; in the postpartum women's emotions, with predominance of concern and stress; in the use of technology to support breastfeeding, with teleservice facilitating care.<br><br>CONCLUSION: the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced new forms of care, in the offer and duration of breastfeeding, in emotional health and in the support network fragility. It is expected to contribute so that health professionals provide care with greater assertiveness in the face of this new situation.}, }
@article {pmid35723777, year = {2022}, author = {Awosanya, OD and Dadwal, UC and Imel, EA and Yu, Q and Kacena, MA}, title = {The Impacts of COVID-19 on Musculoskeletal Health.}, journal = {Current osteoporosis reports}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35723777}, issn = {1544-2241}, support = {dk106846/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; dk007519/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; HL007910/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; AR065971/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; AR072581/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; UL1TR002529/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; #BX003751//U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs/ ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Although COVID-19 was originally characterized as a respiratory disease, recent findings have shown lingering side effects in those who have recovered, and much is still unknown about the long-term consequences of the illness. Thus, the potential of unearthing multi-system dysfunction is high, with current data revealing significant impacts on musculoskeletal health.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Multiple animal models of COVID-19 infection have revealed significant post-infection bone loss at several different skeletal sites. While how this loss occurred is unknown, this current review discusses the primary bone loss studies, and examines the possible mechanisms of action including: direct infection of bone marrow macrophages or hematopoietic progenitors, a proinflammatory response as a result of the COVID-19 induced cytokine storm, and/or a result of hypoxia and oxidative stress. This review will further examine how therapeutics used to treat COVID-19 affect the skeletal system. Finally, this review will examine the possible consequence that delayed care and limited healthcare accessibility has on musculoskeletal-related patient outcomes. It is important to investigate the potential impact COVID-19 infection has on musculoskeletal health.}, }
@article {pmid35723757, year = {2022}, author = {Daher-Nashif, S and Al-Anany, R and Ali, M and Erradi, K and Farag, E and Abdallah, AM and Emara, MM}, title = {COVID-19 exit strategy during vaccine implementation: a balance between social distancing and herd immunity.}, journal = {Archives of virology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35723757}, issn = {1432-8798}, abstract = {Currently, health authorities around the world are struggling to limit the spread of COVID-19. Since the beginning of the pandemic, social distancing has been the most important strategy used by most countries to control disease spread by flattening and elongating the epidemic curve. Another strategy, herd immunity, was also applied by some countries through relaxed control measures that allow the free spread of natural infection to build up solid immunity within the population. In 2021, COVID-19 vaccination was introduced with tremendous effort as a promising strategy for limiting the spread of disease. Therefore, in this review, we present the current knowledge about social distancing, herd immunity strategies, and aspects of their implementation to control the COVID-19 pandemic in the presence of the newly developed vaccines. Finally, we suggest a short-term option for controlling the pandemic during vaccine application.}, }
@article {pmid35723706, year = {2022}, author = {Antonini, M and Hinwood, M and Paolucci, F and Balogh, ZJ}, title = {The Epidemiology of Major Trauma During the First Wave of COVID-19 Movement Restriction Policies: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies.}, journal = {World journal of surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35723706}, issn = {1432-2323}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The objective of this systematic review is to investigate changes in the epidemiology of major trauma presentations during the implementation of movement restriction measures to manage the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic search in six databases, as well as a search of grey literature was performed from January 2020 to August 2021. Estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. The certainty of evidence was rated according to the GRADE approach. The review is reported using both PRISMA guideline and the MOOSE checklist.<br><br>RESULTS: In total, 35 studies involving 36,987 patients were included. The number of major trauma admissions overall decreased during social movement restrictions (-24%; p < 0.01; 95% CI [-0.31; -0.17]). A pooled analysis reported no evidence of a change in the severity of trauma admissions (OR:1.17; 95%CI [0.77, 1.79], I2 = 77%). There was no evidence for a change in mortality during the COVID-19 period (OR:0.94, 95%CI [0.80,1.11], I2 = 53%). There was a statistically significant reduction in motor vehicle trauma (OR:0.70; 95%CI [0.61, 0.81], I2 = 91%) and a statistically significant increase in admissions due to firearms and gunshot wounds (OR:1.34; 95%CI [1.11, 1.61], I2 = 73%) and suicide attempts and self-harm (OR:1.41; 95%CI [1.05, 1.89], I2 = 39%).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Although evidence continues to emerge, this systematic review reports some decrease in absolute major trauma volume with unchanged severity and mortality during the first wave of COVID-19 movement restriction policies. Current evidence does not support the reallocation of highly specialised trauma professionals and trauma resources. Registration PROSPERO ID CRD42020224827.}, }
@article {pmid35723382, year = {2021}, author = {Molina-Carballo, A and Palacios-López, R and Jerez-Calero, A and Augustín-Morales, MC and Agil, A and Muñoz-Hoyos, A and Muñoz-Gallego, A}, title = {Protective Effect of Melatonin Administration against SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Current issues in molecular biology}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {31-45}, doi = {10.3390/cimb44010003}, pmid = {35723382}, issn = {1467-3045}, support = {CTS-190 Plan Andaluz de Investigación//Andalusian Government/ ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: according to the World Health Organization (WHO), COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for an increasing number of cases and deaths. From a preventive and therapeutic point of view, there are two concerns that affect institutions and healthcare professionals: global immunization (which is still far from being achieved) and the availability of drugs capable of preventing its consequences in the infected patient. In this sense, the role that melatonin can play is has been assessed in the recent literature. Justification and Objectives: the serious health, social and economic consequences of COVID-19 have forced an urgent search for preventive methods, such as vaccines, among others, and therapeutic methods that could be alternatives to the drugs currently used. In this sense, it must be accepted that one of the most recommended has been the administration of melatonin. The present study proposes to carry out a systematic review of its possible role in the treatment and/or prevention of COVID-19. Material and methods: a systematic review of the literature related to the prevention of COVID-19 through the administration of melatonin was carried out, following the sequence proposed by the Prisma Declaration regarding the identification and selection of documents, using the specialized health databases Trip Medical Database, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Medline Plus, BVS, Cuiden and generic databases such as Dialnet, Web of Science and Google Scholar for their retrieval. Appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria are described for the articles assessed. The main limitation of the study has been the scarcity of works and the lack of defining a specific protocol in terms of dosage and administration schedule. Results: once the selection process was completed, and after an in-depth critical analysis, 197 papers were selected, and 40 of them were finally used. The most relevant results were: (1) melatonin prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection, (2) although much remains to be clarified, at high doses, it seems to have a coadjuvant therapeutic effect in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection and (3) melatonin is effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Discussion: until group immunization is achieved in the population, it seems clear that we must continue to treat patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and, in the absence of a specific and effective antiviral therapy, it is advisable to continue researching and providing drugs that demonstrate validity based on the scientific evidence. In this regard, we believe that the available studies recommend the administration of melatonin for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, sleep-inducing, CD147, Mpro, p65 and MMP9 protein suppressing, nephrotoxicity-reducing and highly effective and safe effects. Conclusions: (1) melatonin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and Mpro and MMP9 protein-inhibitory activity. (2) It has been shown to have a wide margin of safety. (3) The contributions reviewed make it an effective therapeutic alternative in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. (4) Further clinical trials are recommended to clearly define the administration protocol.}, }
@article {pmid35722882, year = {2022}, author = {Pavlidis, N and Peccatori, FA and Eniu, A and Rassy, E and Aapro, M and Cavalli, F and Lordick, F and Costa, A}, title = {Changing the landscape of European School of Oncology-European Society for Medical Oncology masterclasses in clinical oncology during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {Future oncology (London, England)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.2217/fon-2021-1477}, pmid = {35722882}, issn = {1744-8301}, abstract = {Aims: This study aimed to assess the participants' evaluation of the European School of Oncology-European Society for Medical Oncology virtual masterclasses in clinical oncology (MCOs) organized during the pandemic in 2021. Materials &amp; methods: The participants answered an online evaluation questionnaire at the end of each MCO to evaluate the content and organization of the MCO. Results: The clinical session and case presentation scores ranged between 4.6 and 4.8 over 5. The participants strongly agreed that the MCOs offered updates to improve their knowledge and practice in 68-83% and 52-76%, respectively; 74-90% of the participants considered the quality of the meetings to be excellent. Conclusion: The participants were satisfied with the virtual MCOs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Virtual MCO may be an acceptable alternative educational modality in specific circumstances.}, }
@article {pmid35722706, year = {2022}, author = {Yoon, HY and Uh, ST}, title = {Post-Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pulmonary Fibrosis: Wait or Needs Intervention.}, journal = {Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.4046/trd.2022.0053}, pmid = {35722706}, issn = {1738-3536}, abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a major health burden worldwide, with over 450 million confirmed cases and 6 million deaths. Although the acute phase of COVID-19 management has been established, there is still a long way to go to evaluate the long-term clinical course or manage complications due to the relatively short outbreak of the virus. Pulmonary fibrosis is one of the most common respiratory complications associated with COVID-19. Scarring throughout the lungs after viral or bacterial pulmonary infection have been commonly observed, but the prevalence of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis is rapidly increasing. However, there is limited information available about post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis, and there is also a lack of consensus on what condition should be defined as post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis. During a relatively short follow-up period of approximately 1 year, lesions considered related to pulmonary fibrosis often showed gradual improvement; therefore, it is questionable at what time point fibrosis should be evaluated. In this review, we investigated the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and management of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis.}, }
@article {pmid35722654, year = {2022}, author = {Sharma, PK and Singh, A and Sharma, NK}, title = {A socio-ecological critique on India's local health traditions amidst rising incidence of global pandemics.}, journal = {Journal of herbal medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {100578}, doi = {10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100578}, pmid = {35722654}, issn = {2210-8033}, abstract = {Introduction: The COVID-19 crisis has exposed inadequacy to deal with such health emergencies. The state of healthcare facilities in India is shambolic, which is further exacerbated by the exclusivity of modern health systems. The authors argue for vertical and horizontal expansion of the existing system to include traditional medicine systems, in favor of an urgently needed holistic and more inclusive healthcare system.<br><br>Methods: Secondary data were collected from free online resources, including preprints, reprints and databases, J-gate Plus, PubMed and Web of Science, using keywords such as, "folk medicine", "folk medicine AND India", "traditional Indian medicines", "indigenous Indian medicines AND India", "Indian ethnomedicines", "Indian AND folk AND medicine", "indigenous Indian medicine".<br><br>Results and Conclusions: Insufficiently robust public healthcare infrastructure, lack of enough qualified health professionals, and poor use of its traditional medicinal systems, are limiting the access of basic healthcare facilities to a large section of the Indian population. Despite vehement opposition and criticism from modern health system practitioners, indigenous and local healing traditions do offer benefits and share a common global goal of health and healing. The objectives of Universal Health Coverage and Health for All as enshrined in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) cannot be achieved without their involvement, especially in remote and economically disadvantaged regions of the country. Even a sub-optimal utilization of its biological and human resources and related traditional knowledge can not only profoundly change the health, but also the economic landscape of India. Here, we have nuanced the constrains posed by the emerging health challenges, status and prospects of the great and little traditions of the Indian System of Medicines in fulfilling the urgent healthcare needs of the country. The authors based their arguments on the available evidence, rather than emotive ideas or, as a fan of Indian traditional medicines, and suggest for the purposeful inclusion of traditional health systems and practitioners more actively in India's health care delivery systems. The country must not squander the opportunities offered by its traditional medicinal systems.}, }
@article {pmid35722539, year = {2022}, author = {Schoberer, D and Osmancevic, S and Reiter, L and Thonhofer, N and Hoedl, M}, title = {Rapid review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of personal protective equipment for healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {Public health in practice (Oxford, England)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {100280}, doi = {10.1016/j.puhip.2022.100280}, pmid = {35722539}, issn = {2666-5352}, abstract = {Objectives: Healthcare workers (HCWs) worldwide have and are using personal protective equipment (PPE) as COVID-19 prevention measures, including gloves, gowns, goggles, masks and hand hygiene. Although several reviews have been published on the effectiveness of PPE, these often include studies on other inflectional diseases. This is problematic, because these diseases differ with regard to, e.g. the transmissibility and viral loads in the days after infection. Therefore, we assessed the effectiveness of PPE to protect HCWs from COVID-19 infections.<br><br>Design: Rapid review of literature.<br><br>Methods: We followed a practical guide to conduct the rapid review based on a protocol established by the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group. Meta-analyses have been conducted to synthesize the results. The confidence in the evidence was determined using the GRADE method.<br><br>Results: We found 461 reviews and 208 primary studies, of which 16 systematic reviews included 11 observational studies of interest. Wearing PPE conferred significant protection against infection with COVID-19 as opposed to not wearing adequate PPE. Overall, the review results show that wearing face masks can significantly protect HCWs from infection. We found no effects for wearing gloves and gowns. Practicing thorough hand hygiene and having proper PPE, as compared to lacking proper PPE, showed a protective but not statistically significant effect. No studies reported the side effects of wearing PPE or acceptance rates.<br><br>Conclusion: This evidence supports PPE use by HCW, and especially N95 masks, to reduce the risk of a COVID-19 infection.}, }
@article {pmid35722303, year = {2022}, author = {Miranda, MNS and Pingarilho, M and Pimentel, V and Torneri, A and Seabra, SG and Libin, PJK and Abecasis, AB}, title = {A Tale of Three Recent Pandemics: Influenza, HIV and SARS-CoV-2.}, journal = {Frontiers in microbiology}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {889643}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2022.889643}, pmid = {35722303}, issn = {1664-302X}, abstract = {Emerging infectious diseases are one of the main threats to public health, with the potential to cause a pandemic when the infectious agent manages to spread globally. The first major pandemic to appear in the 20th century was the influenza pandemic of 1918, caused by the influenza A H1N1 strain that is characterized by a high fatality rate. Another major pandemic was caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), that started early in the 20th century and remained undetected until 1981. The ongoing HIV pandemic demonstrated a high mortality and morbidity rate, with discrepant impacts in different regions around the globe. The most recent major pandemic event, is the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has caused over 5.7 million deaths since its emergence, 2 years ago. The aim of this work is to highlight the main determinants of the emergence, epidemic response and available countermeasures of these three pandemics, as we argue that such knowledge is paramount to prepare for the next pandemic. We analyse these pandemics' historical and epidemiological contexts and the determinants of their emergence. Furthermore, we compare pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions that have been used to slow down these three pandemics and zoom in on the technological advances that were made in the progress. Finally, we discuss the evolution of epidemiological modelling, that has become an essential tool to support public health policy making and discuss it in the context of these three pandemics. While these pandemics are caused by distinct viruses, that ignited in different time periods and in different regions of the globe, our work shows that many of the determinants of their emergence and countermeasures used to halt transmission were common. Therefore, it is important to further improve and optimize such approaches and adapt it to future threatening emerging infectious diseases.}, }
@article {pmid35722221, year = {2022}, author = {Khanal, R and Raj Bhattarai, S and Basnet, K and Shah, S and Dhital, R and Kumar Sah, S and Poudel, S and Frontela, O and Michel, G and Marzban, S and Rodriguez-Morales, AJ}, title = {Cardiac Implications of COVID-19 in Deceased and Recovered Patients: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Interdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases}, volume = {2022}, number = {}, pages = {9119930}, doi = {10.1155/2022/9119930}, pmid = {35722221}, issn = {1687-708X}, abstract = {Background: Patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) present with various clinical presentations with majority of them developing pulmonary complications. This study focuses on cardiac implications of COVID-19 which are less discussed and thus will help to address cardiac implications of COVID-19.<br><br>Methods: PubMed, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar were screened for articles which mentioned cardiac implications of COVID-19. NHLBI Study Quality Assessment Tools for the observational cohort and cross-sectional studies was used for assessing the risk of bias of our studies.<br><br>Results: All 14 studies selected were good and had score of ≥9 by NHLBI Study Quality Assessment Tools. Cardiac complications of COVID-19 are common. They are associated with significant mortality. Also, people infected with COVID-19 with premorbid conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus have poor prognosis as compared to those without premorbid conditions. Cardiac biomarkers such as highly sensitive troponin I, creatinine, and creatinine kinase-MB on admission are good prognostic markers.<br><br>Conclusions: Cardiac complications such as heart failure, myocardial injury, and arrhythmias are common among patients infected with COVID-19. Elevated cardiac markers and patients with cardiac complications require utmost care and continuous cardiac monitoring.}, }
@article {pmid35722208, year = {2022}, author = {Millar, BC and Lim, M}, title = {The Role of Visual Abstracts in the Dissemination of Medical Research.}, journal = {The Ulster medical journal}, volume = {91}, number = {2}, pages = {67-78}, pmid = {35722208}, issn = {2046-4207}, mesh = {*Biomedical Research ; *COVID-19 ; Humans ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {Medical research within the UK has continued to grow, most notably during the COVID-19 pandemic over the last two years, which highlights the importance of disseminating relevant research findings. For all researchers involved in clinical trials and scientific research, the end goal of success is not completed following the publication of the research findings, but ultimately true impact and significance is achieved when such research has a role in developing clinical practice. Each year between 2.5 - 3 million scientific papers are published and the number continues to rise, therefore it is becoming increasingly difficult to ensure that published research has such a targeted impact as it must first get noticed. Increasing time commitments result in difficulties for clinicians keeping up-to-date with the current literature and in order to address this, journals and researchers have developed approaches to share peer-reviewed research with the wider research community in an effective and efficient manner. One such approach has been the introduction of the visual abstract which comprises of an infographic style format, coupled with a shortened, limited word summary of the research abstract detailing the key question, methodology, findings and take home message of the research study. The visual abstract has characteristics which enable it to be shared on social media platforms and in turn increase the interest and impact within the research community. Visual abstracts are being increasingly introduced within medical journals and organisations to help disseminate valuable research findings. This review focuses on visual abstracts, what they are, their history, structure and role within research dissemination and medical education.}, }
@article {pmid35722133, year = {2022}, author = {Izquierdo-Marquisá, A and Cubero-Gallego, H and Aparisi, Á and Vaquerizo, B and Ribas-Barquet, N}, title = {Myocardial Injury in COVID-19 and Its Implications in Short- and Long-Term Outcomes.}, journal = {Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine}, volume = {9}, number = {}, pages = {901245}, doi = {10.3389/fcvm.2022.901245}, pmid = {35722133}, issn = {2297-055X}, abstract = {COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still a pandemic with high mortality and morbidity rates. Clinical manifestation is widely variable, including asymptomatic or mild respiratory tract illness to severe pneumonia and death. Myocardial injury is a significant pathogenic feature of COVID-19 and it is associated with worse in-hospital outcomes, mainly due to a higher number of hospital readmissions, with over 50% mortality. These findings suggest that myocardial injury would identify COVID-19 patients with higher risk during active infection and mid-term follow-up. Potential contributors responsible for myocardial damage are myocarditis, vasculitis, acute inflammation, type 1 and type 2 myocardial infarction. However, there are few data about cardiac sequelae and its long-term consequences. Thus, the optimal screening tool for residual cardiac sequelae, clinical follow-up, and the benefits of a specific cardiovascular therapy during the convalescent phase remains unknown. This mini-review explores the different mechanisms of myocardial injury related to COVID-19 and its short and long-term implications.}, }
@article {pmid35722027, year = {2022}, author = {Wheat, S and Gaughen, S and Skeet, J and Campbell, L and Donatuto, J and Schaeffer, J and Sorensen, C}, title = {Climate Change and COVID-19: Assessing the Vulnerability and Resilience of U.S. Indigenous Communities to Syndemic Crises.}, journal = {The journal of climate change and health}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {100148}, doi = {10.1016/j.joclim.2022.100148}, pmid = {35722027}, issn = {2667-2782}, abstract = {The rapid emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and the insidiously evolving climate crisis represent two of the most pressing public health threats to Indigenous Peoples in the United States. Understanding the ways in which these syndemics uniquely impact Indigenous Peoples, given the existing health disparities for such communities, is essential if we are to address modifiable root causes of health vulnerability and devise effective and equitable strategies to protect and improve health in the evolving climate landscape. We explore the compounding burden of the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change on Indigenous Peoples' health, and present several case studies which outline novel Indigenous approaches and perspectives that address climate change, COVID-19 and future health threats.}, }
@article {pmid35721872, year = {2022}, author = {Patel, J and McGain, F and Bhatelia, T and Wang, S and Sun, B and Monty, J and Pareek, V}, title = {Vented individual patient (VIP) hoods for the control of infectious airborne diseases in healthcare facilities.}, journal = {Engineering (Beijing, China)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.eng.2020.12.024}, pmid = {35721872}, issn = {2095-8099}, abstract = {By providing a means of separating the airborne emissions of patients from the air breathed by healthcare workers (HCWs), vented individual patient (VIP) hoods, a form of local exhaust ventilation (LEV), offer a new approach to reduce hospital-acquired infection (HAI). Results from recent studies have demonstrated that, for typical patient-emitted aerosols, VIP hoods provide protection at least equivalent to that of an N95 mask. Unlike a mask, hood performance can be easily monitored and HCWs can be alerted to failure by alarms. The appropriate use of these relatively simple devices could both reduce the reliance on personal protective equipment (PPE) for infection control and provide a low-cost and energy-efficient form of protection for hospitals and clinics. Although the development and deployment of VIP hoods has been accelerated by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, these devices are currently an immature technology. In this review, we describe the state of the art of VIP hoods and identify aspects in need of further development, both in terms of device design and the protocols associated with their use. The broader concept of individual patient hoods has the potential to be expanded beyond ventilation to the provision of clean conditions for individual patients and personalized control over other environmental factors such as temperature and humidity.}, }
@article {pmid35721801, year = {2022}, author = {Ravichandran, S and Manickam, N and Kandasamy, M}, title = {Liposome encapsulated clodronate mediated elimination of pathogenic macrophages and microglia: A promising pharmacological regime to defuse cytokine storm in COVID-19.}, journal = {Medicine in drug discovery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {100136}, doi = {10.1016/j.medidd.2022.100136}, pmid = {35721801}, issn = {2590-0986}, abstract = {The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants continues to pose an enormous public health concern. SARS-CoV-2 infection disrupted host immune response accounting for cytokine storm has been linked to multiorgan failure and mortality in a significant portion of positive cases. Abruptly activated macrophages have been identified as the key pathogenic determinant of cytokine storm in COVID-19. Besides, reactive microglia have been known to discharge a surplus amount of proinflammatory factors leading to neuropathogenic events in SARS-CoV-2 infected brains. Considering the fact, depletion of activated macrophages and microglia could be proposed to eradicate the life-threatening cytokine storm in COVID-19. Clodronate, a non-nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug has been identified as a potent macrophage and microglial depleting drug. While recent advancement in the field of liposome encapsulation technology offers most promising biological tool for drug delivery, liposome encapsulated clodronate has been reported to effectively target and induce prominent phagocytic cell death in activated macrophages and microglia compared to free clodronate molecules. Thus, in this review article we emphasize that depletion of activated macrophages and microglial cells by administration of liposome encapsulated clodronate can be a potential therapeutic strategy to diminish the pathogenic cytokine storm and alleviate multiorgan failure in COVID-19. Moreover, recently developed COVID-19 vaccines appear to render the chronic activation of macrophages accounting for immunological dysregulation in some cases. Therefore, the use of liposome encapsulated clodronate can also be extended to the clinical management of unforeseen immunogenic reactions resulting from activated macrophages associated adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines.}, }
@article {pmid35721786, year = {2022}, author = {Chakrabartty, I and Khan, M and Mahanta, S and Chopra, H and Dhawan, M and Choudhary, OP and Bibi, S and Mohanta, YK and Emran, TB}, title = {Comparative overview of emerging RNA viruses: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and current treatment.}, journal = {Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {103985}, doi = {10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103985}, pmid = {35721786}, issn = {2049-0801}, abstract = {From last many decades, emerging infections have threatened humanity. The pandemics caused by different CoVs have already claimed and will continue to claim millions of lives. The SARS, Ebola, MERS epidemics and the most recent emergence of COVID-19 pandemic have threatened populations across borders. Since a highly pathogenic CoV has been evolved into the human population in the twenty-first century known as SARS, scientific advancements and innovative methods to tackle these viruses have increased in order to improve response preparedness towards the unpredictable threat posed by these rapidly emerging pathogens. Recently published review articles on SARS-CoV-2 have mainly focused on its pathogenesis, epidemiology and available treatments. However, in this review, we have done a systematic comparison of all three CoVs i.e., SARS, MERS and SARS-CoV-2 along with Ebola and Zika in terms of their epidemiology, virology, clinical features and current treatment strategies. This review focuses on important emerging RNA viruses starting from Zika, Ebola and the CoVs which include SARS, MERS and SARS-CoV-2. Each of these viruses has been elaborated on the basis of their epidemiology, virulence, transmission and treatment. However, special attention has been given to SARS-CoV-2 and the disease caused by it i.e., COVID-19 due to current havoc caused worldwide. At the end, insights into the current understanding of the lessons learned from previous epidemics to combat emerging CoVs have been described. The travel-related viral spread, the unprecedented nosocomial outbreaks and the high case-fatality rates associated with these highly transmissible and pathogenic viruses highlight the need for new prophylactic and therapeutic actions which include but are not limited to clinical indicators, contact tracing, and laboratory investigations as important factors that need to be taken into account in order to arrive at the final conclusion.}, }
@article {pmid35721774, year = {2021}, author = {AlFattani, A and AlMeharish, A and Nasim, M and AlQahtani, K and AlMudraa, S}, title = {Ten public health strategies to control the Covid-19 pandemic: the Saudi Experience.}, journal = {IJID Regions (Online)}, volume = {1}, number = {}, pages = {12-19}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijregi.2021.09.003}, pmid = {35721774}, issn = {2772-7076}, abstract = {Saudi Arabia plays an important strategic role within the Middle East and afar because of its geographical location, and being the host of one of the largest annual religious mass gatherings in the world "The Hajj". During the recent coronavirus pandemic, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) developed a multisectoral plan that adopted multiple measures to limit the spread of Covid-19 transmission both domestically and internationally. In this article, we review all public health related policy decisions from the Saudi Ministry of Health, other government departments, and the private sector that contributed to limiting the severe consequences from Covid-19. Ten effective strategies are outlined and the challenges related to their implementation are explored. The strategies include: 1. Quarantine and travel restriction, 2. Expansion of serological screening, 3. Mask wearing (covering the face and nose) and social distancing, 4. Preparation of hospitals to deal with the influx of coronavirus cases, 5. Use of artificial intelligence, 6.Public assurance, 7.Removal of slum areas and re housing of its inhabitants, 8. Cancellation of the Hajj season, 9. Economic stimulus packages to safeguard the economy, and 10. fair and priority driven vaccine distribution. Conclusion: The government of Saudi Arabia demonstrated responsibility at the highest level to prioritize the safety and well-being of its citizens and residents. Rapid early response to the pandemic warnings, extensive experience in previous epidemics and in mass gathering medicine, wise management of healthcare resources, and unprecedented harmonization of governmental and private sectors were significant factors for this success.}, }
@article {pmid35721771, year = {2021}, author = {Dzobo, M and Musuka, G and Mashe, T and Dzinamarira, T}, title = {Inadequate SARS-CoV-2 Genetic Sequencing capacity in Zimbabwe: A call to urgently address this key gap to control current and future waves.}, journal = {IJID Regions (Online)}, volume = {1}, number = {}, pages = {3-4}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijregi.2021.09.004}, pmid = {35721771}, issn = {2772-7076}, abstract = {Zimbabwe continues to confront the COVID-19 pandemic; there is an urgent need for the rapid scale-up of genomic surveillance efforts. In this piece, we express concern on the limited capacity for SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance in Zimbabwe due to limited skillsets and laboratory infrastructural deficiencies. We call for an urgent need for funding from the government of Zimbabwe to set up a robust genomic surveillance program to detect SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in Zimbabwe and guide public health responses accordingly.}, }
@article {pmid35721552, year = {2022}, author = {Omolaoye, TS and Jalaleddine, N and Cardona Maya, WD and du Plessis, SS}, title = {Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 and Male Infertility: Could Connexin and Pannexin Play a Role?.}, journal = {Frontiers in physiology}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {866675}, doi = {10.3389/fphys.2022.866675}, pmid = {35721552}, issn = {1664-042X}, abstract = {The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on male infertility has lately received significant attention. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in humans, has been shown to impose adverse effects on both the structural components and function of the testis, which potentially impact spermatogenesis. These adverse effects are partially explained by fever, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and an increased immune response leading to impaired blood-testis barrier. It has been well established that efficient cellular communication via gap junctions or functional channels is required for tissue homeostasis. Connexins and pannexins are two protein families that mediate autocrine and paracrine signaling between the cells and the extracellular environment. These channel-forming proteins have been shown to play a role in coordinating cellular communication in the testis and epididymis. Despite their role in maintaining a proper male reproductive milieu, their function is disrupted under pathological conditions. The involvement of these channels has been well documented in several physiological and pathological conditions and their designated function in infectious diseases. However, their role in COVID-19 and their meaningful contribution to male infertility remains to be elucidated. Therefore, this review highlights the multivariate pathophysiological mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 involvement in male reproduction. It also aims to shed light on the role of connexin and pannexin channels in disease progression, emphasizing their unexplored role and regulation of SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology. Finally, we hypothesize the possible involvement of connexins and pannexins in SARS-CoV-2 inducing male infertility to assist future research ideas targeting therapeutic approaches.}, }
@article {pmid35721377, year = {2022}, author = {Orsini, D and Bianucci, R and Galassi, FM and Lippi, D and Martini, M}, title = {Vaccine hesitancy, misinformation in the era of Covid-19: lessons from the past.}, journal = {Ethics, medicine, and public health}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {100812}, doi = {10.1016/j.jemep.2022.100812}, pmid = {35721377}, issn = {2352-5525}, abstract = {Background: As the world has challenged/argued with the Covid-19 pandemic over the last two years, there has been an increase in vaccine misinformation. Although immunity against Covid-19 infection is limited to 4-6 months and requires at least three doses of vaccine to be maximally effective, the current vaccination campaign in industrialized countries shows that vaccinated citizens experience greater immunological protection against severe forms of the disease than unvaccinated citizens. Methodology: A perusal of the literature was performed in order to reconstruct the communication methods applied in the managing of the Covid-19 pandemic; the management of the current pandemic was compared with the management of another scourge of the past: poliomyelitis. Results/ Discussion: In order to raise public awareness on public health issues, it is essential that governments and institutions communicate scientific data to all sections of the population in an unambiguous way. In this sense, it is essential to apply "prebunking", which is a layered defense system available to society that prevents misinformation before it is spread. This is to avoid the subsequent debunking of false information, which generates insecurity and fuels fears. Belief in medical misinformation represents a meaningful problem for public health efforts to fight Covid-19 through vaccination. Conclusion/ Perspectives: In this sense an example of proper management of one of the many epidemics of the recent past, poliomyelitis, should make us reflect on the effectiveness of past approaches. This testimony from the past can provide us with food for thought regarding how to face the present Covid-19 pandemic and to prepare for the future. Certainly, it shows us how the awful pandemics/epidemics from the past was handled and finally overcome, despite perceived risk and vaccine hesitancy.}, }
@article {pmid35721247, year = {2022}, author = {Luz, MS and da Silva Júnior, RT and Santos de Santana, GA and Rodrigues, GS and Crivellaro, HL and Calmon, MS and Dos Santos, CFSM and Silva, LGO and Ferreira, QR and Mota, GR and Heim, H and da Silva, FAF and de Brito, BB and de Melo, FF}, title = {Molecular and serology methods in the diagnosis of COVID-19: An overview.}, journal = {World journal of methodology}, volume = {12}, number = {3}, pages = {83-91}, doi = {10.5662/wjm.v12.i3.83}, pmid = {35721247}, issn = {2222-0682}, abstract = {Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic, being a global health concern since December 2019 when the first cases were reported. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the COVID-19 causal agent, is a β-coronavirus that has on its surface the spike protein, which helps in its virulence and pathogenicity towards the host. Thus, effective and applicable diagnostic methods to this disease come as an important tool for the management of the patients. The use of the molecular technique PCR, which allows the detection of the viral RNA through nasopharyngeal swabs, is considered the gold standard test for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Moreover, serological methods, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and rapid tests, are able to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-specific immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin M, and immunoglobulin G in positive patients, being important alternative techniques for the diagnostic establishment and epidemiological surveillance. On the other hand, reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification also proved to be a useful diagnostic method for the infection, mainly because it does not require a sophisticated laboratory apparatus and has similar specificity and sensitivity to PCR. Complementarily, imaging exams provide findings of typical pneumonia, such as the ground-glass opacity radiological pattern on chest computed tomography scanning, which along with laboratory tests assist in the diagnosis of COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid35721200, year = {2022}, author = {Koyama, S and Heinbockel, T}, title = {Chemical Constituents of Essential Oils Used in Olfactory Training: Focus on COVID-19 Induced Olfactory Dysfunction.}, journal = {Frontiers in pharmacology}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {835886}, doi = {10.3389/fphar.2022.835886}, pmid = {35721200}, issn = {1663-9812}, abstract = {The recent increase in the number of patients with post-viral olfactory dysfunction (PVOD) following the outbreak of COVID-19 has raised the general interest in and concern about olfactory dysfunction. At present, no clear method of treatment for PVOD has been established. Currently the most well-known method to improve the symptoms of olfactory dysfunction is "olfactory training" using essential oils. The essential oils used in olfactory training typically include rose, lemon, clove, and eucalyptus, which were selected based on the odor prism hypothesis proposed by Hans Henning in 1916. He classified odors based on six primary categories or dimensions and suggested that any olfactory stimulus fits into his smell prism, a three-dimensional space. The term "olfactory training" has been used based on the concept of training olfactory sensory neurons to relearn and distinguish olfactory stimuli. However, other mechanisms might contribute to how olfactory training can improve the recovery of the olfactory sense. Possibly, the essential oils contain chemical constituents with bioactive properties that facilitate the recovery of the olfactory sense by suppressing inflammation and enhancing regeneration. In this review, we summarize the chemical constituents of the essential oils of rose, lemon, clove, and eucalyptus and raise the possibility that the chemical constituents with bioactive properties are involved in improving the symptoms of olfactory dysfunction. We also propose that other essential oils that contain chemical constituents with anti-inflammatory effects and have binding affinity with SARS-CoV-2 can be new candidates to test their efficiencies in facilitating the recovery.}, }
@article {pmid35721196, year = {2022}, author = {Milani, D and Caruso, L and Zauli, E and Al Owaifeer, AM and Secchiero, P and Zauli, G and Gemmati, D and Tisato, V}, title = {p53/NF-kB Balance in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: From OMICs, Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Insights to Tailored Therapeutic Perspectives (COVIDomics).}, journal = {Frontiers in pharmacology}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {871583}, doi = {10.3389/fphar.2022.871583}, pmid = {35721196}, issn = {1663-9812}, abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 infection affects different organs and tissues, including the upper and lower airways, the lung, the gut, the olfactory system and the eye, which may represent one of the gates to the central nervous system. Key transcriptional factors, such as p53 and NF-kB and their reciprocal balance, are altered upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as other key molecules such as the virus host cell entry mediator ACE2, member of the RAS-pathway. These changes are thought to play a central role in the impaired immune response, as well as in the massive cytokine release, the so-called cytokine storm that represents a hallmark of the most severe form of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Host genetics susceptibility is an additional key side to consider in a complex disease as COVID-19 characterized by such a wide range of clinical phenotypes. In this review, we underline some molecular mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 modulates p53 and NF-kB expression and activity in order to maximize viral replication into the host cells. We also face the RAS-pathway unbalance triggered by virus-ACE2 interaction to discuss potential pharmacological and pharmacogenomics approaches aimed at restoring p53/NF-kB and ACE1/ACE2 balance to counteract the most severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection.}, }
@article {pmid35721044, year = {2022}, author = {Shankar, PR and Chan, MH and Wong, PS and Venkateswaran, SP}, title = {Mental health of students of biomedical sciences during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review.}, journal = {Medicine and pharmacy reports}, volume = {95}, number = {2}, pages = {131-143}, doi = {10.15386/mpr-2139}, pmid = {35721044}, issn = {2668-0572}, abstract = {Introduction: The coronavirus pandemic led to the closure of schools and colleges in March 2020. Medical and other schools shifted to online teaching-learning and assessment. Several factors have led to mental health problems among biomedical students.<br><br>Objectives: This scoping review seeks to identify stressors, delineate subgroups of students who may be at greater risk of mental health problems, and examine possible recommendations by the respondents and the authors to reduce stress levels and support students.<br><br>Methods: Eligibility criteria: studies published in English about the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the mental health of health science students till 15th January 2021 were included. Sources of evidence: research articles and other publications obtained using the databases PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Charting methods: the criteria studied were the type of paper and study, the country, the institution, the mental health parameters studied, types and numbers of students/respondents involved, the main message, strengths and weaknesses and the main recommendation of the study.<br><br>Results: Thirty articles were included. Stressors were divided into health, workplace, academic, general, and financial apprehensions. Respondents at greater risk were females, below 20 years of age, and those with family/friends infected. Among the authors' recommendations to reduce stress were implementing effective plans to safeguard students' health, especially of those who were parents or interns, engaging in physical activities, workshops for faculty members in online teaching-learning, financial support, online counselling, reducing misinformation, further studies at later stages of the pandemic, and including topics related to the pandemic and pandemic preparedness in the curriculum.<br><br>Conclusions: Different types of apprehensions were responsible for stress and mental distress. Females, younger students, students with family and friends who were infected were at greater risk of problems. Recommendations were provided by the authors. Studies from countries which were not represented, and longitudinal studies may be required.}, }
@article {pmid35720616, year = {2022}, author = {Escribano-Santana, I and Martínez-Gimeno, ML and Herráiz-Bermejo, L}, title = {[Adjuvant Treatments to Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in the management of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome secondary to Covid-19].}, journal = {Enfermeria intensiva}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.enfi.2022.05.001}, pmid = {35720616}, issn = {1578-1291}, abstract = {This bibliographic review is carried out in order to obtain answers about aspects related to techniques and treatments, as well as care associated with the critically ill patient diagnosed with Covid-19.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To analyze the available scientific evidence on the effectiveness of the use of invasive mechanical ventilation together with other adjuvant techniques, in reducing the mortality rate in patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and clinical trial of Covid-19 treated in intensive care units.<br><br>METHODOLOGY: A systematized bibliographic review was carried out in the Pubmed, Cuiden, Lilacs, Medline, Cinahl and Google Scholar databases, using MeSH terms (Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Mechanical Ventilation, Prone Position, Nitric Oxide, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, Nursing Care) and the corresponding Boolean operators. The selected studies underwent a critical reading carried out between December 6, 2020 and March 27, 2021 using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program tool in Spanish and a cross-sectional epidemiological studies evaluation instrument.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 85 articles were selected. After performing the critical reading, a total of 7 articles were included in the review, 6 being descriptive studies and 1 cohort study. After analyzing these studies, it appears that the technique that has obtained the best results is ECMO, with the care provided by qualified and trained nursing staff being very important.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Mortality from Covid-19 increases in patients treated with invasive mechanical ventilation compared to patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Nursing care and specialization can have an impact on improving patient outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid35720447, year = {2022}, author = {Harju, A and Neufeld, J}, title = {Telehealth Utilization During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Preliminary Selective Review.}, journal = {Telemedicine reports}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {38-47}, doi = {10.1089/tmr.2021.0040}, pmid = {35720447}, issn = {2692-4366}, abstract = {Background: The COVID-19 pandemic reduced in-person visit volume and fueled a corresponding explosion in demand for telehealth services, resulting in the enactment of several temporary state and federal policies to allow greater flexibility in delivering telehealth services. This review examines patterns in telehealth utilization during the pandemic by synthesizing available findings from large-scale studies. Methods: To be included in this review, studies must be of original research, include data from 2020 or 2021, have a U.S. study population, and analyze telehealth encounter data across multiple payers and health systems. This review includes 10 studies that fully met the inclusion criteria and 29 studies that examined telehealth use during the pandemic, although not from multipayer, multihealth system data sets. All studies were identified using Ovid MEDLINE and Google Scholar. Results: At its peak, telehealth accounted for roughly 15-50% of visits across the various studied populations and data sets. The more telehealth was utilized, the smaller the decrease in overall visit volume. Audio visits tended to be used more often than video visits, and telehealth utilization varied across geographic regions and medical specialties. There were disparities in telehealth use by race, age, income, and other factors. Discussion: Most telehealth visits during the pandemic would not have been reimbursable without the telehealth policy changes that took place. The variability in telehealth utilization across geographic regions is likely attributed to state-level telehealth policies. Most studies examining disparities in telehealth utilization did not compare disparities from before and during the pandemic, and these disparities may be a characteristic of health care overall rather than of telehealth specifically.}, }
@article {pmid35720385, year = {2022}, author = {Laguila Altoé, A and Marques Mambriz, AP and Cardozo, DM and Valentini Zacarias, JM and Laguila Visentainer, JE and Bahls-Pinto, LD}, title = {Vaccine Protection Through Placenta and Breastfeeding: The Unmet Topic in COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {910138}, doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.910138}, pmid = {35720385}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {Breast Feeding ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; Placenta ; Pregnancy ; *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention &amp; control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Vaccines ; }, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has turned pregnant women's healthcare into a worldwide public health challenge. Although initial data did not demonstrate pregnancy as a more susceptible period to severe outcomes of acute severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, there are an increasing number of reports showing that not only pregnant women might be at significantly higher risk than non-pregnant women by COVID-19 but also the fetus. These findings may be related to adaptive changes that occur during pregnancy, such as the reduction in the residual respiratory capacity, the decrease in viral immune responses, and the increased risk for thromboembolic events. Additionally, despite the SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission evidence being uncommon, maternal illness severity might reflect serious perinatal and neonatal outcomes. Thus, protecting the maternal-fetal dyad against COVID-19 is critical. Even though pregnant women initially were excluded from vaccine trials, several studies have provided safety and efficacy of the overall vaccine COVID-19 platforms. Vaccination during pregnancy becomes a priority and can generate benefits for both the mother and newborn: maternal neutralizing antibodies are transmitted through the placenta and breastfeeding. Moreover, regarding passive immunization, human milk contains other bioactive molecules and cells able to modulate the newborn's immune response, which can be amplified after the vaccine. Nonetheless, many issues remain to be elucidated, considering the magnitude of the protective immunity transferred, the duration of the induced immunity, and the optimal interval for pregnant immunization. In this review, we assessed these unmet topics supported by literature evidence regarding the vaccine's immunogenicity, pregnancy immune heterogeneity, and the unique human milk antiviral features.}, }
@article {pmid35720378, year = {2022}, author = {McKenna, E and Wubben, R and Isaza-Correa, JM and Melo, AM and Mhaonaigh, AU and Conlon, N and O'Donnell, JS and Ní Cheallaigh, C and Hurley, T and Stevenson, NJ and Little, MA and Molloy, EJ}, title = {Neutrophils in COVID-19: Not Innocent Bystanders.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {864387}, doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.864387}, pmid = {35720378}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {*COVID-19/complications ; *Extracellular Traps ; Humans ; Neutrophils ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ; }, abstract = {Unusually for a viral infection, the immunological phenotype of severe COVID-19 is characterised by a depleted lymphocyte and elevated neutrophil count, with the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio correlating with disease severity. Neutrophils are the most abundant immune cell in the bloodstream and comprise different subpopulations with pleiotropic actions that are vital for host immunity. Unique neutrophil subpopulations vary in their capacity to mount antimicrobial responses, including NETosis (the generation of neutrophil extracellular traps), degranulation and de novo production of cytokines and chemokines. These processes play a role in antiviral immunity, but may also contribute to the local and systemic tissue damage seen in acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Neutrophils also contribute to complications of COVID-19 such as thrombosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome and multisystem inflammatory disease in children. In this Progress review, we discuss the anti-viral and pathological roles of neutrophils in SARS-CoV-2 infection, and potential therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 that target neutrophil-mediated inflammatory responses.}, }
@article {pmid35720376, year = {2022}, author = {Svorcova, M and Novysedlak, R and Lischke, R and Vachtenheim, J and Strizova, Z}, title = {Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 in Lung Transplant Recipients: Immunogenicity, Efficacy and Safety.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {906225}, doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.906225}, pmid = {35720376}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {*COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Humans ; Lung ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Transplant Recipients ; Vaccination ; }, abstract = {Lung transplant (LuTx) recipients are considered to be at higher risk of developing serious illness from COVID-19. COVID-19 vaccines were shown in randomized clinical trials to substantially reduce the severity of COVID-19, however, patients receiving immunosuppressants were excluded from these trials. Observational studies report a proportion of solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients being able to mount sufficient titers of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies, however, other studies demonstrate that more than 90% of the SOT recipients elicit neither humoral nor cellular immune response after vaccination. Currently, the third booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccines was shown to elicit strong immune responses and may, thus, represent a potent tool in the prevention of severe COVID-19 infection in SOT recipients, including patients after lung transplantation. To address the main challenges of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in LuTx recipients in the era of COVID-19, we have closely collected all available data on the immunogenicity, efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in LuTx recipients.}, }
@article {pmid35720353, year = {2022}, author = {Torres-Atencio, I and Campble, A and Goodridge, A and Martin, M}, title = {Uncovering the Mast Cell Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {886044}, doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.886044}, pmid = {35720353}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Mast Cells ; *Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Pandemics ; *Tuberculosis, Lymph Node ; }, abstract = {The immunologic mechanisms that contribute to the response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection still represent a challenge in the clinical management and scientific understanding of tuberculosis disease. In this scenario, the role of the different cells involved in the host response, either in terms of innate or adaptive immunity, remains key for defeating this disease. Among this coordinated cell response, mast cells remain key for defeating tuberculosis infection and disease. Together with its effector's molecules, membrane receptors as well as its anatomical locations, mast cells play a crucial role in the establishment and perpetuation of the inflammatory response that leads to the generation of the granuloma during tuberculosis. This review highlights the current evidences that support the notion of mast cells as key link to reinforce the advancements in tuberculosis diagnosis, disease progression, and novel therapeutic strategies. Special focus on mast cells capacity for the modulation of the inflammatory response among patients suffering multidrug resistant tuberculosis or in co-infections such as current COVID-19 pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid35720330, year = {2022}, author = {Pérez de la Lastra, JM and Anand, U and González-Acosta, S and López, MR and Dey, A and Bontempi, E and Morales delaNuez, A}, title = {Antimicrobial Resistance in the COVID-19 Landscape: Is There an Opportunity for Anti-Infective Antibodies and Antimicrobial Peptides?.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {921483}, doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.921483}, pmid = {35720330}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; *Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Antimicrobial Peptides ; *COVID-19/drug therapy ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Although COVID-19 has captured most of the public health attention, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has not disappeared. To prevent the escape of resistant microorganisms in animals or environmental reservoirs a "one health approach" is desirable. In this context of COVID-19, AMR has probably been affected by the inappropriate or over-use of antibiotics. The increased use of antimicrobials and biocides for disinfection may have enhanced the prevalence of AMR. Antibiotics have been used empirically in patients with COVID-19 to avoid or prevent bacterial coinfection or superinfections. On the other hand, the measures to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 could have reduced the risk of the emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Since we do not currently have a sterilizing vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the virus may still multiply in the organism and new mutations may occur. As a consequence, there is a risk of the appearance of new variants. Nature-derived anti-infective agents, such as antibodies and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), are very promising in the fight against infectious diseases, because they are less likely to develop resistance, even though further investigation is still required.}, }
@article {pmid35720301, year = {2022}, author = {Deng, Z and Tian, Y and Song, J and An, G and Yang, P}, title = {mRNA Vaccines: The Dawn of a New Era of Cancer Immunotherapy.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {887125}, doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.887125}, pmid = {35720301}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {*COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; *Cancer Vaccines ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; *Neoplasms/drug therapy/therapy ; Pandemics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; mRNA Vaccines ; }, abstract = {mRNA therapy is a novel anticancer strategy based on in vitro transcription (IVT), which has potential for the treatment of malignant tumors. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the early 21st century has promoted the application of mRNA technologies in SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, and there has been a great deal of interest in the research and development of mRNA cancer vaccines. There has been progress in a number of key technologies, including mRNA production strategies, delivery systems, antitumor immune strategies, etc. These technologies have accelerated the progress and clinical applications of mRNA therapy, overcoming problems encountered in the past, such as instability, inefficient delivery, and weak immunogenicity of mRNA vaccines. This review provides a detailed overview of the production, delivery systems, immunological mechanisms, and antitumor immune response strategies for mRNA cancer vaccines. We list some mRNA cancer vaccines that are candidates for cancer treatment and discuss clinical trials in the field of tumor immunotherapy. In addition, we discuss the immunological mechanism of action by which mRNA vaccines destroy tumors as well as challenges and prospects for the future.}, }
@article {pmid35720257, year = {2022}, author = {Alemayehu, A and Demissie, A and Yusuf, M and Gemechu Lencha, A and Oljira, L}, title = {Covid-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Determinant Factors among General Public in East Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {Health services research and managerial epidemiology}, volume = {9}, number = {}, pages = {23333928221106269}, doi = {10.1177/23333928221106269}, pmid = {35720257}, issn = {2333-3928}, abstract = {Background: Vaccines are an effective and ideal solution that can reduce the burden of disease worldwide. Although vaccines are the most effective way to prevent infectious diseases. Anti-vaccine conspiracy theories impair vaccination acceptance intentions. Several studies were conducted in East Africa. However, these studies had reported inconsistent findings. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to pool the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and identify its determinants.<br><br>Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, and GLOBAL HEALTH databases were used to retrieve previously published studies. All papers published in the English language up to February 28, 2022 were included. The result was written and reported according to the PRISMA updated guideline. A random-effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence and effect sizes. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 test statistics. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plot and egger's test statistics. Statistical tests result at P-value<0.05 were declared as having significance.Result: A total of 25 Cross-sectional studies with a total sample size of 33,044 were included in this study. The pooled prevalence of Covid-19 vaccine acceptance was 60.2%, (95%CI: 52.8- 67.3). Egger's test statistics (P = 0.003) showed there is a significant publication bias. Attending above secondary school (AOR: 2.1, 95%CI: 1.37, 2.96), having good knowledge about the vaccine (AOR: 2.1, 95%CI: 1.6, 2.8), having a positive attitude towards vaccine (AOR: 3.8, 95%CI: 2.3, 6.2), history of COVID-19 infection (AOR: 2.7, 95%CI: 1.6, 4.7) and being male (AOR: 1.8, 95%CI: 1.2, 2.7) were found to have a significant association with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.<br><br>Conclusion: The COVID-19 vaccination acceptance rate was good, but it could be improved. The findings could help governments to figure out the best way to carry out COVID-19 mass vaccination campaigns. There is a lack of data in most countries. Therefore, we suggest more studies be conducted in the future.}, }
@article {pmid35720240, year = {2022}, author = {Bogariu, AM and Dumitrascu, DL}, title = {Digestive involvement in the Long-COVID syndrome.}, journal = {Medicine and pharmacy reports}, volume = {95}, number = {1}, pages = {5-10}, doi = {10.15386/mpr-2340}, pmid = {35720240}, issn = {2668-0572}, abstract = {Background and aim: The SARS-CoV-2 infection which caused a worldwide epidemic was considered first a lung disease. Later on, it was found that the disease caused by this virus, SARS-CoV-2, can affect most organs, including the digestive system. The long-term effects of this infection are now progressively detected and called Long-COVID. This review aims is to present the updated knowledge of the digestive sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection.<br><br>Methods: A search was performed in the main medical literature databases. The following search terms were used: long-covid, gastrointestinal or gastric sequelae SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Data on gastrointestinal symptoms after 12 weeks were collected and presented. Observational studies were included. Studies that focus only on acute COVID-19 infection (<4 weeks) were excluded.<br><br>Results: The main symptoms that can occur in the long term are: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, along with increased liver enzymes. Patients with chronic diseases have a higher risk of developing long-term sequelae, but it is not documented that digestive sequelae are influenced by the presence of chronic diseases.<br><br>Conclusions: The SARS-CoV-2 virus can affect any part of the digestive system not only in the acute infection phase but also for longer time, leaving long-term sequelae.}, }
@article {pmid35720145, year = {2022}, author = {Mulchandani, R and Babu, GR and Kaur, A and Singh, R and Lyngdoh, T}, title = {Factors associated with differential COVID-19 mortality rates in the SEAR nations: a narrative review.}, journal = {IJID Regions (Online)}, volume = {3}, number = {}, pages = {54-67}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.02.010}, pmid = {35720145}, issn = {2772-7076}, abstract = {Objectives: Since December 2019, the world has been grappling with the COVID-19 pandemic, which has caused severe loss of lives, the breakdown of health infrastructure, and disruption of the global economy. There is growing evidence on mortality patterns in high-income countries. However, similar evidence from low/middle-income nations is lacking. Our review aimed to describe COVID-19 mortality patterns in the WHO-SEAR nations, and explore the associated factors in order to explain such trends.<br><br>Methods: A systematic and comprehensive search was undertaken in PubMed and Google Scholar to obtain maximum hits on COVID-19 mortality and its determinants in the SEAR, using a combination of MeSH terms and Boolean operators. The data were narratively synthesized in detail under appropriate themes.<br><br>Results: Our search identified 6411 unique records. Mortality patterns were described in terms of important demographical and epidemiological indicators. Gaps in available evidence and paucity of adequate research in this area were also highlighted.<br><br>Conclusions: This review examined significant contributors to COVID-19 mortality across SEAR nations, while emphasizing issues relating to insufficient studies and data quality, and reporting challenges and other concerns in resource-constrained settings. There is a compelling need for more work in this area, to help inform decision making and improve public-health response.}, }
@article {pmid35720141, year = {2022}, author = {Al Rawahi, B and Al Wahaibi, A and Al Khalili, S and Al Balushi, AYM and Al-Shehi, N and Al Harthi, K and Al-Abri, S}, title = {The impact of the acceleration of COVID-19 vaccine deployment in two border regions in Oman.}, journal = {IJID Regions (Online)}, volume = {3}, number = {}, pages = {265-267}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.03.020}, pmid = {35720141}, issn = {2772-7076}, abstract = {Background: Among the challenges to public health systems imposed by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been vaccine scarcity and the prioritization of high-risk groups. Countries have been prompted to accelerate the pace of immunization campaigns against COVID-19 to deploy the immunization umbrella to the largest possible number of target groups. In this paper, we share the perspective of Oman regarding the impact of accelerating the administration of the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine in one border governorate (Musandam) by comparison to another border governorate (Al-Buraimi) where this approach was not applied.<br><br>Methods: Daily admissions data (April 10, 2020 to June 24, 2021) and vaccination data (January 1 to June 24, 2021) were collected systematically. For each governorate, the cumulative doses (first and second doses) and vaccination coverage were calculated daily.<br><br>Results: Within 1 month, first dose vaccination coverage increased from 20% to 58% in Musandam, reducing the incidence of hospital admission by 75%. In comparison, vaccination coverage plateaued at 20% in Al-Buraimi, and the incidence of hospital admission increased by 500%.<br><br>Conclusions: Given the peculiarity of the geographical location and being the first line of access for imported cases, border regions should be a priority for vaccine deployment as a preventive measure. The two different approaches reported here, implemented in broadly similar cross-border governorates, provide evidence of the significant effect of accelerating the first dose of vaccine in reducing hospitalizations.}, }
@article {pmid35720140, year = {2022}, author = {Traini, MC and Caponi, C}, title = {Modelling the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaign in Italy: the fundamental role of unreported cases.}, journal = {IJID Regions (Online)}, volume = {3}, number = {}, pages = {24-26}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.02.006}, pmid = {35720140}, issn = {2772-7076}, abstract = {In Italy and around the world, the year 2021 was dedicated to vaccination campaigns against the COVID-19 epidemic arising after the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in China in 2019. In December 2020, we proposed a model prediction for the effects of vaccination, and now, after more than 9 months of the vaccination campaign, a comparison of those predictions with the actual data is mandatory. Surprising evidences emerge suggesting new strategies to consider regarding the spread of the virus and to protect frail people. After several months of the immunization campaign in Italy, it is estimated that approximately 20 000 deaths were avoided during the year 2021.}, }
@article {pmid35720139, year = {2022}, author = {Musuka, G and Dzinamarira, T and Madziva, R and Herrera, H and Sadr, WE}, title = {Protecting HIV service delivery for key populations in southern Africa in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {IJID Regions (Online)}, volume = {3}, number = {}, pages = {114-116}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.03.008}, pmid = {35720139}, issn = {2772-7076}, abstract = {The 2025 UNAIDS targets prioritize reaching all subpopulations living with HIV and those at risk for HIV as the only pathway to achieving control of the HIV epidemic. This has brought to the fore the importance of addressing the needs of key marginalized groups and placing such communities at the center of HIV response strategies. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a setback in terms of confronting HIV. With this in mind, it is important not only to protect services within HIV responses among key populations, but also to expand such services to meet the UNAIDS 2025 targets. Without this, gains in controlling COVID-19 may be achieved at the expense of losses in controlling the spread of HIV, which had been achieved after sustained and resource-intensive actions.}, }
@article {pmid35720084, year = {2022}, author = {Carmona-Torre, F and Mínguez-Olaondo, A and López-Bravo, A and Tijero, B and Grozeva, V and Walcker, M and Azkune-Galparsoro, H and López de Munain, A and Alcaide, AB and Quiroga, J and Del Pozo, JL and Gómez-Esteban, JC}, title = {Dysautonomia in COVID-19 Patients: A Narrative Review on Clinical Course, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies.}, journal = {Frontiers in neurology}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {886609}, doi = {10.3389/fneur.2022.886609}, pmid = {35720084}, issn = {1664-2295}, abstract = {Introduction: On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization sounded the COVID-19 pandemic alarm. While efforts in the first few months focused on reducing the mortality of infected patients, there is increasing data on the effects of long-term infection (Post-COVID-19 condition). Among the different symptoms described after acute infection, those derived from autonomic dysfunction are especially frequent and limiting.<br><br>Objective: To conduct a narrative review synthesizing current evidence of the signs and symptoms of dysautonomia in patients diagnosed with COVID-19, together with a compilation of available treatment guidelines.<br><br>Results: Autonomic dysfunction associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection occurs at different temporal stages. Some of the proposed pathophysiological mechanisms include direct tissue damage, immune dysregulation, hormonal disturbances, elevated cytokine levels, and persistent low-grade infection. Acute autonomic dysfunction has a direct impact on the mortality risk, given its repercussions on the respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological systems. Iatrogenic autonomic dysfunction is a side effect caused by the drugs used and/or admission to the intensive care unit. Finally, late dysautonomia occurs in 2.5% of patients with Post-COVID-19 condition. While orthostatic hypotension and neurally-mediated syncope should be considered, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) appears to be the most common autonomic phenotype among these patients. A review of diagnostic and treatment guidelines focused on each type of dysautonomic condition was done.<br><br>Conclusion: Symptoms deriving from autonomic dysfunction involvement are common in those affected by COVID-19. These symptoms have a great impact on the quality of life both in the short and medium to long term. A better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of Post-COVID manifestations that affect the autonomic nervous system, and targeted therapeutic management could help reduce the sequelae of COVID-19, especially if we act in the earliest phases of the disease.}, }
@article {pmid35720057, year = {2022}, author = {Hon, KL and Leung, AK and Leung, WH and Leung, KKY and Cheong, KN and Lee, PP}, title = {Drugs for paediatric hyperinflammatory syndromes.}, journal = {Drugs in context}, volume = {11}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.7573/dic.2022-2-1}, pmid = {35720057}, issn = {1745-1981}, abstract = {Background: Many syndromes are associated with exaggerated inflammation. Children with hyperinflammatory syndromes often present with vague and non-specific symptoms that pose diagnostic and management challenges. The recent literature seems biased towards referring these syndromes only to the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) that is associated with COVID-19. The purpose of this paper is to provide an updated narrative review on the pathophysiology, manifestations and management approaches for common hyperinflammatory syndromes.<br><br>Methods: An extensive PubMed search of all publications in the English literature was performed with Clinical Queries for various hyperinflammatory syndromes and conditions using the undermentioned Medical Subject Headings: "hyperinflammation", "hyperinflammatory syndromes", "sepsis syndrome", "severe inflammatory response syndrome" and "acute respiratory distress syndrome". Categories were limited to reviews and clinical trials for the age range from birth to 18 years.<br><br>Results: The criteria, presentation and management of these hyperinflammatory syndromes are described. Hyperinflammatory syndromes refer to a basket of inflammatory syndromes often associated with multisystem involvement and aberrant cytokine release and should be differentiated from autoinflammatory, autoimmune and hyperimmune syndromes. The major subtypes of hyperinflammatory syndromes, including macrophage activation syndrome, haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, cytokine release syndrome and cytokine storm syndrome, are described. MIS-C associated with SARS-CoV-2 represents the latest addition. It must be understood that the syndrome is not exclusive to COVID-19 but could be caused by various viral infections. Early recognition, prompt and proactive treatment can reduce potential complications and improve outcomes and survival rates in paediatric patients. Anti-inflammatory medications for the management of these syndromes are described.<br><br>Conclusion: The incidence of these hyperinflammatory conditions is generally low in comparison to other disease conditions. Except for paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome/MIS-C, the mortality is high and the hospital stay is prolonged in affected patients. Acute and critical care physicians must be aware of these conditions and their initial management. Corticosteroids are often used in the initial phrase but various disease-specific drugs and biologics are needed in subsequent management and expert management of these often-difficult conditions is crucial.}, }
@article {pmid35719840, year = {2022}, author = {Onodera, T and Sakudo, A and Iwamaru, Y and Yokoyama, T and Haritani, M and Sugiura, K and Shimakura, H and Haga, T and Onishi, R and Furusaki, K}, title = {Calcium bicarbonate as an antimicrobial, antiviral, and prion-inhibiting agent (Review).}, journal = {Biomedical reports}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {57}, doi = {10.3892/br.2022.1540}, pmid = {35719840}, issn = {2049-9442}, abstract = {Calcium bicarbonate does not act as a disinfectant at neutral pH; however, it exerts strong antimicrobial activity after it is placed in a high-voltage electric field, whereby it assumes an alkaline pH (12.4). Moreover, the microbicidal activity of the resulting solution (named CAC-717) is not influenced by the presence of organic material or resistance of the agent to inactivation. When sprayed on the skin surface, the pH of CAC-717 decreases rapidly to 8.84. CAC-717 comprises fine particles of 50-500 nm. When these mesoscopic crystals are dissolved in water, they destroy the genomes of bacteria or viruses and neutralize the infectious properties of abnormal prion proteins produced in ScN2a cells. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has resulted in unprecedented international demand for disinfectants. A small titer of SARS-CoV-2 remains infectious even after 30 sec in growth medium at pH 12.4. CAC-717 has exhibited a strong virucidal effect (3.6 to 4.4 log10 decrease) against all examined SARS-CoV-2 isolates, including mutant forms. Similarly, human noroviruses also remain intact at pH 12.4; however, CAC-717 has been shown to cause a 3.25 log10 reduction in norovirus genomic RNA compared to untreated samples. Existing evidence suggests that an unidentified mechanism controls the virucidal activity of CAC-717.}, }
@article {pmid35719833, year = {2022}, author = {Mushtaq, H and Singh, S and Mir, M and Tekin, A and Singh, R and Lundeen, J and VanDevender, K and Dutt, T and Khan, SA and Surani, S and Kashyap, R}, title = {The Well-Being of Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {14}, number = {5}, pages = {e25065}, doi = {10.7759/cureus.25065}, pmid = {35719833}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has turned into a global healthcare challenge, causing significant morbidity and mortality.Healthcare workers (HCWs) who are on the frontline of the COVID-19 outbreak response face an increased risk of contracting the disease. Some common challenges encountered by HCWs include exposure to the pathogen, psychological distress, and long working hours. In addition, HCWs may be more prone to develop mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, suicidal thoughts, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), sleep disorders, and drug addictions compared to the general population. These issues arise from increased job stress, fear of spreading the disease to loved ones, and potential discrimination or stigma associated with the disease. This study aims to review the current literature to explore the effects of COVID-19 on healthcare providers' physical and mental well-being and suggest interventional strategies to combat these issues. To that end, we performed a literature search on Google Scholar and PubMed databases using combinations of the following keywords and synonyms: "SARS-CoV-2", "Healthcare-worker", "COVID-19", "Well-being", "Wellness", "Depression", "Anxiety", and "PTSD."}, }
@article {pmid35719702, year = {2022}, author = {Burkauskas, J and Gecaite-Stonciene, J and Demetrovics, Z and Griffiths, MD and Király, O}, title = {Prevalence of Problematic Internet Use during the COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {Current opinion in behavioral sciences}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {101179}, doi = {10.1016/j.cobeha.2022.101179}, pmid = {35719702}, issn = {2352-1546}, abstract = {The present paper reviews recent studies on problematic internet use (PIU) prevalence before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Several pre-pandemic meta-analyses reported PIU prevalence estimates ranging from 6% to 9.7%. Experts in the field of online addictions speculated that PIU would increase during the pandemic because of increased time spent on the internet. However, it is still unclear if increased time on the internet resulted in higher PIU prevalence estimates during the pandemic. Prevalence estimates differed greatly across studies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Possible inconsistencies are outlined together with future directions for PIU prevalence studies.}, }
@article {pmid35719608, year = {2022}, author = {Macip, S and Yuguero, O}, title = {Individual Freedom in the Initial Response to Covid-19.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {765016}, doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2022.765016}, pmid = {35719608}, issn = {2296-2565}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Freedom ; Global Health ; Humans ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has been a phenomenal challenge to global health care and will continue to be so in the upcoming months. Beyond its medical toll, COVID-19 has also exacerbated pre-existing social issues and created new inequalities. This has generated a series of ethical problems that will need to be carefully analyzed to avoid repeating similar mistakes in the context of other crises. Among those, we discuss here the bioethical implications of preserving individual freedom in the context of the early response to a pandemic and propose a global approach to the issue that could be applied in future health challenges.}, }
@article {pmid35719336, year = {2022}, author = {de Andrade, SA and de Souza, DA and Torres, AL and de Lima, CFG and Ebram, MC and Celano, RMG and Schattner, M and Chudzinski-Tavassi, AM}, title = {Pathophysiology of COVID-19: Critical Role of Hemostasis.}, journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {896972}, doi = {10.3389/fcimb.2022.896972}, pmid = {35719336}, issn = {2235-2988}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism ; Renin-Angiotensin System/physiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, had its first cases identified in late 2019 and was considered a clinical pandemic in March 2020. In March 2022, more than 500 million people were infected and 6,2 million died as a result of this disease, increasingly associated with changes in human hemostasis, such as hypercoagulation. Numerous factors contribute to the hypercoagulable state, and endothelial dysfunction is the main one, since the activation of these cells can strongly activate platelets and the coagulation system. In addition, there is a dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system due to the SARS-CoV-2 takeover of the angiotensin converting enzyme 2, resulting in a strong immune response that could further damage the endothelium. Thrombus formation in the pulmonary microvasculature structure in patients with COVID-19 is an important factor to determine the severity of the clinical picture and the outcome of this disease. This review describes the hemostatic changes that occur in SARS-CoV-2 infection, to further improve our understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and the interaction between endothelium dysfunction, kallikrein-kinins, renin angiotensin, and the Coagulation/fibrinolysis systems as underlying COVID-19 effectors. This knowledge is crucial for the development of new effective therapeutic approaches, attenuating the severity of SARS-CoV-2's infection and to reduce the deaths.}, }
@article {pmid35719257, year = {2022}, author = {Ayoub, MF and de Souza, YLP and de Almeida, T and Falcão, DVDS}, title = {Synchronous psychological interventions by videoconferencing for caregivers of people with dementia: an integrative review.}, journal = {Dementia &amp; neuropsychologia}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, pages = {1-7}, doi = {10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2021-0069}, pmid = {35719257}, issn = {1980-5764}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has created the need to develop psychological interventions to support people with dementia and their caregivers in the context of social distancing. This study sought to investigate, systematize, and report results of scientific studies published in the past 5 years on synchronous online psychological interventions using videoconferencing for informal caregivers of people with dementia. The PubMed, BIREME, and Web of Science databases were searched using the descriptors "caregiver," "dementia," "online," and "intervention." Six international studies were included in the review. Results demonstrated, in general, that this modality of intervention was acceptable, feasible, and promoted benefits for the health, quality of life, and well-being of caregivers. A need was identified for further studies investigating synchronous online interventions that include follow-up and a control group to further the evidence on the effectiveness and feasibility of this type of therapeutic intervention.}, }
@article {pmid35719177, year = {2022}, author = {Caldwell, M and Boruah, AP and Thakur, KT}, title = {Acute neurologic emerging flaviviruses.}, journal = {Therapeutic advances in infectious disease}, volume = {9}, number = {}, pages = {20499361221102664}, doi = {10.1177/20499361221102664}, pmid = {35719177}, issn = {2049-9361}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has shed light on the challenges we face as a global society in preventing and containing emerging and re-emerging pathogens. Multiple intersecting factors, including environmental changes, host immunological factors, and pathogen dynamics, are intimately connected to the emergence and re-emergence of communicable diseases. There is a large and expanding list of communicable diseases that can cause neurological damage, either through direct or indirect routes. Novel pathogens of neurotropic potential have been identified through advanced diagnostic techniques, including metagenomic next-generation sequencing, but there are also known pathogens which have expanded their geographic distribution to infect non-immune individuals. Factors including population growth, climate change, the increase in animal and human interface, and an increase in international travel and trade are contributing to the expansion of emerging and re-emerging pathogens. Challenges exist around antimicrobial misuse giving rise to antimicrobial-resistant infectious neurotropic organisms and increased susceptibility to infection related to the expanded use of immunomodulatory treatments. In this article, we will review key concepts around emerging and re-emerging pathogens and discuss factors associated with neurotropism and neuroinvasion. We highlight several neurotropic pathogens of interest, including West Nile virus (WNV), Zika Virus, Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV), and Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus (TBEV). We emphasize neuroinfectious diseases which impact the central nervous system (CNS) and focus on flaviviruses, a group of vector-borne pathogens that have expanded globally in recent years and have proven capable of widespread outbreak.}, }
@article {pmid35718592, year = {2022}, author = {Moss, P and Berenbaum, F and Curigliano, G and Grupper, A and Berg, T and Pather, S}, title = {Benefit-risk evaluation of COVID-19 vaccination in special population groups of interest.}, journal = {Vaccine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.05.067}, pmid = {35718592}, issn = {1873-2518}, abstract = {Several population groups display an increased risk of severe disease and mortality following SARS-CoV-2 infection. These include those who are immunocompromised (IC), have a cancer diagnosis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or chronic inflammatory disease including autoimmune disease, primary immunodeficiencies, and those with kidney or liver disease. As such, improved understanding of the course of COVID-19 disease, as well as the efficacy, safety, and benefit-risk profiles of COVID-19 vaccines in these vulnerable groups is paramount in order to inform health policy makers and identify evidence-based vaccination strategies. In this review, we seek to summarize current data, including recommendations by national health authorities, on the impact and benefit-risk profiles of COVID-19 vaccination in these populations. Moving forward, although significant efforts have been made to elucidate and characterize COVID-19 disease course and vaccine responses in these groups, further larger-scale and longer-term evaluation will be instrumental to help further guide management and vaccination strategies, particularly given concerns about waning of vaccine-induced immunity and the recent surge of transmission with SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.}, }
@article {pmid35718368, year = {2022}, author = {Katz-Greenberg, G and Shah, S}, title = {Sex and Gender Differences in Kidney Transplantation.}, journal = {Seminars in nephrology}, volume = {42}, number = {2}, pages = {219-229}, doi = {10.1016/j.semnephrol.2022.04.011}, pmid = {35718368}, issn = {1558-4488}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; *Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects ; Living Donors ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Quality of Life ; Sex Factors ; }, abstract = {Sex and gender often are used interchangeably, but are two distinct entities, with sex being the biological attribute and gender including the social, psychological, and cultural aspects of one's identity. Kidney transplantation has been proven to be the best treatment for end-stage kidney disease, improving both quality of life and life-expectancy for most patients. However, gender disparities in access to and outcomes of kidney transplantation remain despite the plethora of evidence showing the advantages of kidney transplantation to our patients. Data have shown that women are less likely to be waitlisted for a kidney transplant and to receive a deceased donor or a living donor kidney. On the other hand, women are more likely than men to become living kidney donors. Although some state the latter is the result of the female gender to nurture and care for loved ones, others believe this observation is because women often are incompatible with their spouse or child because pregnancy is a strong sensitizing event, which stems from the biological rather than the social differences between the sexes. Influence of sex and gender is not limited to access to kidney transplantation, but rather exist in other areas of transplant medicine, such as the difference observed in transplant outcomes between the sexes, variability in immunosuppression metabolism, and even in more contemporary areas such as recent data showing sex-based differences in outcomes of kidney transplant recipients with coronavirus disease-2019, with males having an increased incidence of acute kidney injury and death.}, }
@article {pmid35718358, year = {2022}, author = {García, GG and Iyengar, A and Kaze, F and Kierans, C and Padilla-Altamira, C and Luyckx, VA}, title = {Sex and gender differences in chronic kidney disease and access to care around the globe.}, journal = {Seminars in nephrology}, volume = {42}, number = {2}, pages = {101-113}, doi = {10.1016/j.semnephrol.2022.04.001}, pmid = {35718358}, issn = {1558-4488}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Female ; Health Services Accessibility ; Humans ; *Kidney Failure, Chronic/epidemiology/therapy ; Male ; *Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology/therapy ; Sex Factors ; }, abstract = {The difference between sex, the biological construct, and gender, the social construct, may be most evident in settings of vulnerability. Globally, chronic kidney disease is more prevalent among women, but the prevalence of end-stage kidney failure, and especially receipt of kidney replacement therapy, is higher in men. These differences likely reflect a combination of physiological and social/structural risk factors that independently modulate kidney disease and/or its progression. The distribution of the most common risk factors such as hypertension and obesity differ between men and women and may impact disease risk differentially. Social and structural gender-related inequities remain stark across the globe. More women live in poverty, receive less education, and are more dependent on others for health care decision making, but men may have a higher risk of injury, occupational exposures, and less access to screening, prevention, and primary care. In this article, we explore how social determinants of health affect kidney disease risk and access to care differentially across genders, and differently across the globe. We also describe specific challenges experienced by boys and girls with kidney disease, how culture and geography may impact kidney care in places where resources are particularly limited such as sub-Saharan Africa, and give examples of social and structural circumstances that place young men and women at high risk of kidney disease in Mexico and Central America, illustrated by case vignettes. The coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic has raised awareness of pervasive gender-based inequities within all societies. This applies to kidney disease and is not new. The nephrology community must add its voice to the calls for action, for a more just society overall, and for the recognition of the roles of sex and gender as modulators of kidney disease risk and access to care.}, }
@article {pmid35718289, year = {2022}, author = {Mitrani, RD and Dabas, N and Alfadhli, J and Lowery, MH and Best, TM and Hare, JM and Myerburg, RJ and Goldberger, JJ}, title = {Long-Term Cardiac Surveillance and Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients.}, journal = {Trends in cardiovascular medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.tcm.2022.06.003}, pmid = {35718289}, issn = {1873-2615}, abstract = {Acute cardiac manifestions of COVID-19 have been well described, while chronic cardiac sequelae remain less clear. Various studies have shown conflicting data on the prevalence of new or worsening cardiovascular disease, myocarditis or cardiac dysrhythmias among patients recovered from COVID-19. Data are emerging that show that patients recovering from COVID-19 have an increased incidence of myocarditis and arrhythmias after recovery from COVID-19 compared with the control groups without COVID-19. The incidence of myocarditis after COVID-19 infection is low but is still significantly greater than the incidence of myocarditis from a COVID-19 vaccine. There have been several studies of athletes who underwent a variety of screening protocols prior to being cleared to return to exercise and competition. The data show possible, probable or definite myocarditis or cardiac injury among 0.4-3.0% of the athletes studied. Recent consensus statements suggest that athletes with full recovery and absence of cardiopulmonary symptoms may return to exercise and competition without cardiovascular testing. In conclusion, patients with COVID-19 may be expected to have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, myocarditis or arrhythmias during the convalescent phase. Fortunately, the majority of patients, including athletes may return to their normal activity after recovery from COVID 19, in the absence of persisting cardiovascular symptoms.}, }
@article {pmid35718282, year = {2022}, author = {Durkee-Shock, JR and Keller, MD}, title = {Immunizing the Imperfect Immune System: COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity.}, journal = {Annals of allergy, asthma &amp; immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, &amp; Immunology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.anai.2022.06.009}, pmid = {35718282}, issn = {1534-4436}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To update clinicians on current evidence regarding the immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI).<br><br>DATA SOURCES: Peer reviewed, published studies in Pubmed, clinical trials listed on clinicaltrial.gov, and professional organization and governmental guidelines.<br><br>STUDY SELECTIONS: Literature searches on Pubmed and clinicaltrials.gov were performed using a combination of the following keywords: Primary Immunodeficiency, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, vaccination RESULTS: Twenty-six studies met criteria and were included in this review. Overall, antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccination were seen in 72% of study subjects, with stronger responses observed following mRNA vaccination. Neutralizing antibodies were detected in IEI patients, though consistently at lower levels than healthy controls. Risk factors for poor antibody responses included diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), presence of autoimmune comorbidities, and use of rituximab. T cells responses were detectable in most patients with IEI, with poorer responses often seen in CVID patients. Safety of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with IEI were acceptable with high rates of reactogenicity but very few serious adverse events, including in patients with immune dysregulation.<br><br>CONCLUSION: COVID-19 vaccines are safe in patients with IEI and appear to be immunogenic in most individuals, with stronger responses seen following mRNA vaccinations.}, }
@article {pmid35717826, year = {2022}, author = {Greenhalgh, T and Engebretsen, E}, title = {The science-policy relationship in times of crisis: An urgent call for a pragmatist turn.}, journal = {Social science &amp; medicine (1982)}, volume = {306}, number = {}, pages = {115140}, doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115140}, pmid = {35717826}, issn = {1873-5347}, abstract = {In this conceptual paper, we argue that at times of crisis, what is sometimes called "evidence-based" or "science-driven" policymaking-establishing scientific truths and then implementing them-must be tempered by a more agile, deliberative and inclusive approach which acknowledges and embraces uncertainty. We offer pragmatism as one potential option, using examples from the UK to illustrate how such an approach might have changed particular crisis decisions and led to better outcomes. We propose that to better prepare for the next public health crisis, five pragmatism-informed shifts are needed in the science-policy relationship: from scientism to science-informed narrative rationality that emerges from practice; from knowledge-then-action to acting judiciously under uncertainty; from hierarchies of evidence to pluralist inquiry; from polarized camps to frame-reflective dialogue; and from an "inside-track" science-policy dialogue to greater participatory democracy. We suggest an agenda for a pragmatist-informed program of applied research on crisis public health policymaking.}, }
@article {pmid35717706, year = {2022}, author = {Chawla, H and Fadda, E and Crispin, M}, title = {Principles of SARS-CoV-2 glycosylation.}, journal = {Current opinion in structural biology}, volume = {75}, number = {}, pages = {102402}, doi = {10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102402}, pmid = {35717706}, issn = {1879-033X}, abstract = {The structure and post-translational processing of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (S) is intimately associated with the function of the virus and of sterilising vaccines. The surface of the S protein is extensively modified by glycans, and their biosynthesis is driven by both the wider cellular context, and importantly, the underlining protein structure and local glycan density. Comparison of virally derived S protein with both recombinantly derived and adenovirally induced proteins, reveal hotspots of protein-directed glycosylation that drive conserved glycosylation motifs. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that, while the S surface is extensively shielded by N-glycans, it presents regions vulnerable to neutralising antibodies. Furthermore, glycans have been shown to influence the accessibility of the receptor binding domain and the binding to the cellular receptor. The emerging picture is one of unifying, principles of S protein glycosylation and an intimate role of glycosylation in immunogen structure and efficacy.}, }
@article {pmid35717581, year = {2022}, author = {Akbasheva, OE and Spirina, LV and Dyakov, DA and Masunova, NV}, title = {[Proteolysis and deficiency of α1-proteinase inhibitor in SARS-CoV-2 infection].}, journal = {Biomeditsinskaia khimiia}, volume = {68}, number = {3}, pages = {157-176}, doi = {10.18097/PBMC20226803157}, pmid = {35717581}, issn = {2310-6972}, mesh = {Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; *COVID-19/drug therapy ; Humans ; Pancreatic Elastase ; Peptide Hydrolases ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics/metabolism ; Protease Inhibitors ; Proteolysis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 pandemia had stimulated the numerous publications emergence on the α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI, α1-antitrypsin), primarily when it was found that high mortality in some regions corresponded to the regions with deficient α1-PI alleles. By analogy with the last century's data, when the root cause of the α1-antitrypsin, genetic deficiency leading to the elastase activation in pulmonary emphysema, was proven. It is evident that proteolysis hyperactivation in COVID-19 may be associated with α1-PI impaired functions. The purpose of this review is to systematize scientific data, critical directions for translational studies on the role of α1-PI in SARS-CoV-2-induced proteolysis hyperactivation as a diagnostic marker and a target in therapy. This review describes the proteinase-dependent stages of a viral infection: the reception and virus penetration into the cell, the plasma aldosterone-angiotensin-renin, kinins, blood clotting systems imbalance. The ACE2, TMPRSS, ADAM17, furin, cathepsins, trypsin- and elastase-like serine proteinases role in the virus tropism, proteolytic cascades activation in blood, and the COVID-19-dependent complications is presented. The analysis of scientific reports on the α1-PI implementation in the SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammation, the links with the infection severity, and comorbidities were carried out. Particular attention is paid to the acquired α1-PI deficiency in assessing the patients with the proteolysis overactivation and chronic non-inflammatory diseases that are accompanied by the risk factors for the comorbidities progression, and the long-term consequences of COVID-19 initiation. Analyzed data on the search and proteases inhibitory drugs usage in the bronchopulmonary cardiovascular pathologies therapy are essential. It becomes evident the antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, anti-apoptotic effect of α1-PI. The prominent data and prospects for its application as a targeted drug in the SARS-CoV-2 acquired pneumonia and related disorders are presented.}, }
@article {pmid35717434, year = {2022}, author = {Xu, B and Zhu, Y and Cao, C and Chen, H and Jin, Q and Li, G and Ma, J and Yang, SL and Zhao, J and Zhu, J and Ding, Y and Fang, X and Jin, Y and Kwok, CK and Ren, A and Wan, Y and Wang, Z and Xue, Y and Zhang, H and Zhang, QC and Zhou, Y}, title = {Recent advances in RNA structurome.}, journal = {Science China. Life sciences}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35717434}, issn = {1869-1889}, abstract = {RNA structures are essential to support RNA functions and regulation in various biological processes. Recently, a range of novel technologies have been developed to decode genome-wide RNA structures and novel modes of functionality across a wide range of species. In this review, we summarize key strategies for probing the RNA structurome and discuss the pros and cons of representative technologies. In particular, these new technologies have been applied to dissect the structural landscape of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome. We also summarize the functionalities of RNA structures discovered in different regulatory layers-including RNA processing, transport, localization, and mRNA translation-across viruses, bacteria, animals, and plants. We review many versatile RNA structural elements in the context of different physiological and pathological processes (e.g., cell differentiation, stress response, and viral replication). Finally, we discuss future prospects for RNA structural studies to map the RNA structurome at higher resolution and at the single-molecule and single-cell level, and to decipher novel modes of RNA structures and functions for innovative applications.}, }
@article {pmid35717106, year = {2022}, author = {Jaleel, J and Sagar, S and Kumar, R}, title = {Utility of PET/Computed Tomography in Infection and Inflammation Imaging.}, journal = {PET clinics}, volume = {17}, number = {3}, pages = {533-542}, doi = {10.1016/j.cpet.2022.02.004}, pmid = {35717106}, issn = {1879-9809}, mesh = {*COVID-19/diagnostic imaging ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Inflammation/diagnostic imaging ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods ; Positron-Emission Tomography/methods ; *Radiopharmaceuticals ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods ; }, abstract = {The role of nuclear medicine for noninvasive assessment of infection and inflammation is well established. The role of nuclear medicine is limited to initial diagnosis, recurrence, and response assessment of infections and inflammations such as tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, vasculitis, osteomyelitis, immunoglobulin G4-related diseases, and coronavirus disease 2019, as the specificity is affected by false positivity due to physiologic fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in specific organ and nonspecific uptake in postoperative cases. PET with fludeoxyglucose F 18/CT is a well-established modality for diagnosis of fever of unknown origin helping in optimized management of the patient.}, }
@article {pmid35716753, year = {2022}, author = {Soni, V and Paital, S and Raizada, P and Ahamad, T and Khan, AAP and Thakur, S and Singh, P and Hussaisn, CM and Sharma, S and Nadda, AK}, title = {Surveillance of omicron variants through wastewater epidemiology: Latest developments in environmental monitoring of pandemic.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {156724}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156724}, pmid = {35716753}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {WBE has been a monitoring system that can give purposeful and inclusive real-time assessments of civic society as well as environmental health. This concept review introduces WBE as a surveillance scheme and initial warning outbreaks of contagious diseases caused by harmful SARS-CoV-2 with pandemic potential. Examining biomarkers of contagious diseases as evidence in polluted water taken from wastewater treatment plants suggests that these systems can be examined to get epidemiological data for checking the transmission of infectious B.1.1.529 to different areas. Thereafter, various benefits of surveillance are provided to analyse health information and pinpoint different problems that may be occurring in the workstation. Surveillance is followed by intervention steps that improved the work environment and prevent further progression of the disease. This information will help to improve early detection strategies, designing a prevention strategy to reduce their spread, infection control and therapies, thus, strengthening our global preparedness to fight future epidemics. In the end, a comprehensive discussion on the remaining challenges and opportunities for epidemiology has been given for future research perspectives.}, }
@article {pmid35716481, year = {2022}, author = {Russo, M and Calisi, D and De Rosa, MA and Evangelista, G and Consoli, S and Dono, F and Santilli, M and Gambi, F and Onofrj, M and Di Giannantonio, M and Parruti, G and Sensi, SL}, title = {COVID-19 and first manic episodes: a systematic review.}, journal = {Psychiatry research}, volume = {314}, number = {}, pages = {114677}, doi = {10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114677}, pmid = {35716481}, issn = {1872-7123}, abstract = {Sars-CoV-2 is a respiratory virus that can access the central nervous system, as indicated by the presence of the virus in patients' cerebrospinal fluid and the occurrence of several neurological syndromes during and after COVID-19. Growing evidence indicates that Sars-CoV-2 can also trigger the acute onset of mood disorders or psychotic symptoms. COVID-19-related first episodes of mania, in subjects with no known history of bipolar disorder, have never been systematically analyzed. Thus, the present study assesses a potential link between the two conditions. This systematic review analyzes cases of first appearance of manic episodes associated with COVID-19. Clinical features, pharmacological therapies, and relationships with pre-existing medical conditions are also appraised. Medical records of twenty-three patients fulfilling the current DSM-5 criteria for manic episode were included. Manic episodes started, on average, after 12.71±6.65 days from the infection onset. Psychotic symptoms were frequently reported. 82.61% of patients exhibited delusions, whereas 39.13% of patients presented hallucinations. A large discrepancy in the diagnostic workups was observed. Mania represents an underestimated clinical presentation of COVID-19. Further studies should focus on the pathophysiological substrates of COVID-19-related mania and pursue appropriate and specific diagnostic and therapeutic workups.}, }
@article {pmid35716417, year = {2022}, author = {Sadeghi, S and Kalantari, Y and Shokri, S and Fallahpour, M and Nafissi, N and Goodarzi, A and Valizadeh, R}, title = {Immunologic response, Efficacy, and Safety of Vaccines against COVID-19 Infection in Healthy and immunosuppressed Children and Adolescents Aged 2 - 21 years old: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.}, journal = {Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology}, volume = {153}, number = {}, pages = {105196}, doi = {10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105196}, pmid = {35716417}, issn = {1873-5967}, abstract = {Children and adolescents form a large proportion of societies and play an important role in the transmission of COVID-19. On the other hand, their education, mental and physical wellness, and safety are compromised which makes vaccination a crucial step to return to normal life. In the current systematic review, the COVID-19 vaccination was evaluated in a total of 50,148 children and adolescents in 22 published studies and 5,279 participants in two ongoing clinical trials. The study was registered in the PROSPERO with the ID# CRD42022303615. Data were collected about multiple vaccines including BNT162b2 (Pfizer), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), JNJ-78436735 (Johnson and Johnson), CoronaVac (Sinovac), BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm), adenovirus type-5-vectored vaccine, ZyCov-D, and BBV152 (COVAXIN). The immune response and efficacy of such vaccines were 96% - 100% in healthy children and adolescents and were also acceptable in those with underlying diseases and suppressed immune systems. The current systematic review revealed favorable safety profiles of employed vaccines in children and adolescents; however, adverse reactions such as myocarditis and myopericarditis were reported which were transient and resolved entirely. Consequently, vaccinating children and adolescents aged 2 - 21 years old is beneficial to abort the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, the risk-benefit assessments revealed favorable results for vaccinating children and adolescents, especially those with underlying diseases and immunosuppressed conditions, alongside adults to prevent transmission, severe infection, negative outcomes, and new variants formation. Also, according to the meta-analysis, the efficacy and immune response of vaccines after the first and second doses were 91% and 92%, respectively. Meanwhile, overall immune response for all vaccines was 95% and 91% for Pfizer vaccine.}, }
@article {pmid35716404, year = {2022}, author = {Gonda, X and Dome, P and Erdelyi-Hamza, B and Krause, S and Elek, LP and Sharma, SR and Tarazi, FI}, title = {Invisible wounds: Suturing the gap between the neurobiology, conventional and emerging therapies for posttraumatic stress disorder.}, journal = {European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology}, volume = {61}, number = {}, pages = {17-29}, doi = {10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.05.010}, pmid = {35716404}, issn = {1873-7862}, abstract = {A sharp increase in the prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depression, anxiety, substance use disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has occurred due to the traumatic nature of the persisting COVID-19 global pandemic. PTSD is estimated to occur in up to 25% of individuals following exposure to acute or chronic trauma, and the pandemic has inflicted both forms of trauma on much of the population through both direct physiological attack as well as an inherent upheaval to our sense of safety. However, despite significant advances in our ability to define and apprehend the effects of traumatic events, the neurobiology and neuroanatomical circuitry of PTSD, one of the most severe consequences of traumatic exposure, remains poorly understood. Furthermore, the current psychotherapies or pharmacological options for treatment have limited efficacy, durability, and low adherence rates. Consequently, there is a great need to better understand the neurobiology and neuroanatomy of PTSD and develop novel therapies that extend beyond the current limited treatments. This review summarizes the neurobiological and neuroanatomical underpinnings of PTSD and discusses the conventional and emerging psychotherapies, pharmacological and combined psychopharmacological therapies, including the use of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapies and neuromodulatory interventions, for the improved treatment of PTSD and the potential for their wider applications in other neuropsychiatric disorders resulting from traumatic exposure.}, }
@article {pmid35716347, year = {2022}, author = {Lee, J and Kwon, KH}, title = {The Significant Value of Sustainable Cosmetics Fragrance in the Spotlight After COVID-19.}, journal = {Journal of cosmetic dermatology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/jocd.15166}, pmid = {35716347}, issn = {1473-2165}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought major changes to the world's population. This has led to increased wearing of masks to prevent infectious diseases, which can contribute to exacerbation of stress and the emergence of mental illness due to a physical health crisis.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: Therefore, this study comprehensively investigated the reasons why cosmetics customers pay attention to sustainable fragrances after COVID-19.<br><br>METHODS: This review article is a literature review, and a narrative review approach was used in this study. A total of 598 references were selected from 2004 to 2022 using representative journal search sites such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and RISS. Among them, a total of 39 articles were successfully completed in this study using the PRISMA flowchart in the final stage. has been selected.<br><br>RESULTS: In this study, by identifying the changes and needs of K-beauty and global cosmetics industry consumers who aspire for sustainable safety amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the increase in bad breath caused by the increase in mask wearing was recognized, and the need for fragrance due to mental health was recognized. Demand is expected to increase.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study tried to change the perception of cosmetic fragrances into safe edible fragrances. Therefore, it is expected to be used as an important marketing material for the global cosmetics market.}, }
@article {pmid35716338, year = {2022}, author = {Xie, Y and Mirzaei, M and Kahrizi, MS and Shabestari, AM and Riahi, SM and Farsimadan, M and Roviello, G}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 effects on sperm parameters: a meta-analysis study.}, journal = {Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35716338}, issn = {1573-7330}, abstract = {AIM: The rapid outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic posed challenges across different medical fields, especially reproductive health, and gave rise to concerns regarding the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on male infertility, owing to the fact that the male reproductive system indicated to be extremely vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Only a small number of studies have investigated the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on male reproduction, but the results are not consistent. So, we performed this meta-analysis to draw a clearer picture and evaluate the impacts of COVID-19 on male reproductive system.<br><br>METHOD: We searched Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases to identify the potentially relevant studies. Standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was applied to assess the relationship. Heterogeneity testing, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias testing were also performed.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of twelve studies including 7 case control investigations and 5 retrospective cohort studies were found relevant and chosen for our research. Our result showed that different sperm parameters including semen volume [SMD = - 0.27 (- 0.46, - 1.48) (p = 0.00)], sperm concentration [SMD = - 0.41 (- 0.67, - 0.15) (p = 0.002)], sperm count [SMD = - 0.30 (- 0.44, - 0.17) (p = 0.00)], sperm motility [SMD = - 0.66 (- 0.98, - 0.33) (p = 0.00)], and progressive motility [SMD = - 0.35 (- 0.61, - 0.08) (p = 0.01)] were negatively influenced by SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, sperm concentration (p = 0.07) and progressive motility (p = 0.61) were not found to be significantly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in case control studies. No publication bias was detected.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The present study revealed the vulnerability of semen quality to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our data showed a strong association of different sperm parameters with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results suggested that SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients may negatively influence their fertility potential in a short-term period, but more studies are needed to decide about the long-term effects.}, }
@article {pmid35716274, year = {2022}, author = {Monteith, TS}, title = {Advocacy for Migraine Relief: Strategic Planning to Eliminate the Burden.}, journal = {Current pain and headache reports}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35716274}, issn = {1534-3081}, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The goal of this article is to describe migraine advocacy as an essential means to advance the field of headache medicine. Special attention is spent outlining advocacy initiatives and priorities.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: There is little written about "migraine advocacy" in the literature. However, organizational and expert priorities include advocating for policies that improve systems of care, telemedicine, education, research, and public initiatives that reduce health disparities and the stigma of migraine. This summary includes the latest advocacy efforts to support policies that may improve migraine care, strengthen the field of headache medicine, and eliminate the burden of migraine.}, }
@article {pmid35716247, year = {2022}, author = {Tsampasian, V and Corballis, N and Vassiliou, VS}, title = {Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Inhibitors and COVID-19 Infection.}, journal = {Current hypertension reports}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35716247}, issn = {1534-3111}, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarises the literature data and provides an overview of the role and impact of the use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has a key role in the regulation of the RAAS pathway, downregulating angiotensin II and attenuating inflammation, vasoconstriction and oxidative stress. Additionally, it plays an instrumental part in COVID-19 infection as it facilitates the cell entry of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and enables its replication. The use and role of RAAS inhibitors therefore during the COVID-19 pandemic have been intensively investigated. Although it was initially assumed that RAAS inhibitors may relate to worse clinical outcomes and severe disease, data from large studies and meta-analyses demonstrated that they do not have an adverse impact on clinical outcomes or prognosis. On the contrary, some experimental and retrospective observational cohort studies showed a potential protective mechanism, although this effect remains to be seen in large clinical trials.}, }
@article {pmid35716167, year = {2022}, author = {Iwanicka, J and Iwanicki, T and Kaczmarczyk, M and Mazur, W}, title = {Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Coronaviruses with Particular Emphasis on SARS-CoV-2 Virus.}, journal = {Polish journal of microbiology}, volume = {71}, number = {2}, pages = {141-159}, doi = {10.33073/pjm-2022-022}, pmid = {35716167}, issn = {2544-4646}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Humans ; Pandemics ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; }, abstract = {The rapidly spreading Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a global health crisis and has left a deep mark on society, culture, and the global economy. Despite considerable efforts made to contain the disease, SARS-CoV-2 still poses a threat on a global scale. The current epidemiological situation caused an urgent need to understand the basic mechanisms of the virus transmission and COVID-19 severe course. This review summarizes current knowledge on clinical courses, diagnostics, treatment, and prevention of COVID-19. Moreover, we have included the latest research results on the genetic characterization of SARS-CoV-2 and genetic determinants of susceptibility and severity to infection.}, }
@article {pmid35715157, year = {2022}, author = {Slack, JC and Parra-Herran, C}, title = {Life After Amsterdam: Placental Pathology Consensus Recommendations and Beyond.}, journal = {Surgical pathology clinics}, volume = {15}, number = {2}, pages = {175-196}, doi = {10.1016/j.path.2022.02.001}, pmid = {35715157}, issn = {1875-9157}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Consensus ; Female ; Humans ; *Placenta/pathology ; Pregnancy ; RNA, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {The Amsterdam Placental Workshop Group Consensus Statement on Sampling and Definitions of Placental Lesions has become widely accepted and is increasingly used as the universal language to describe the most common pathologic lesions found in the placenta. This review summarizes the most salient aspects of this seminal publication and the subsequent emerging literature based on Amsterdam definitions and criteria, with emphasis on publications relating to diagnosis, grading, and staging of placental pathologic conditions. We also provide an overview of the recent expert recommendations on the pathologic grading of placenta accreta spectrum, with insights on their clinical context. Finally, we discuss the emerging entity of SARS-CoV2 placentitis.}, }
@article {pmid35713437, year = {2022}, author = {Huang, W and Li, B and Jiang, N and Zhang, F and Shi, W and Zuo, L and Liu, S and Tang, B}, title = {Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with chronic kidney disease: A narrative review.}, journal = {Medicine}, volume = {101}, number = {24}, pages = {e29362}, doi = {10.1097/MD.0000000000029362}, pmid = {35713437}, issn = {1536-5964}, mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; Renal Dialysis ; *Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/drug therapy/therapy ; }, abstract = {ABSTRACT: Severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 is currently causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, placing extreme strain on the global health system. Vaccination is the main measure for preventing the COVID-19 epidemic, especially for high-risk groups including patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, CKD patients receiving dialysis or kidney transplant may be characterized by decreased renal function and immune disorders, which may have uncertainties in their health. This overview aims to introduce the possible impact of the COVID-19 vaccine on kidney disease and its application in patients with CKD to provide evidence for the COVID-19 vaccine in patients with CKD. The data for this study were collected from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI). The following keywords were used: "COVID-19", "COVID-19 vaccine," and "CKD". The publication time of the papers was set from the establishment of the databases to September 2021. A total of 47 studies were included, and patients with CKD are a high-risk group for COVID-19 infection and severe illness. Vaccination is a powerful tool for preventing CKD patients from COVID-19. Because of possible side effects, the recurrence or deterioration of kidney disease may occur in CKD patients after vaccination. Although vaccination for patients with CKD remains a problem, with the advantages outweighing the disadvantages, stable CKD patients should complete a vaccination plan, and doctors should be aware of the recurrence or deterioration of kidney disease and close monitoring.<br><br>DATA ACCESS STATEMENT: Research data supporting this publication are available from the electronic databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI).}, }
@article {pmid35713071, year = {2022}, author = {Ali Momin, SN and Siddiqui, R}, title = {Mask-associated dry-eye in COVID-19 pandemic: A case report and review of the literature.}, journal = {JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association}, volume = {72}, number = {5}, pages = {981-982}, doi = {10.47391/JPMA.4157}, pmid = {35713071}, issn = {0030-9982}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; *Dry Eye Syndromes ; Humans ; Masks ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Mask-Associated Dry Eye (MADE) has been showing a rising trend during COVID 19 pandemic. This phenomenon seems inevitable, as wearing a face mask is a requisite part of personal protective measures to suppress of the spread of virus. However, simple expeditious awareness among health care staff, including the general population, can decrease the incidence.}, }
@article {pmid35713059, year = {2022}, author = {Afzal, B and Mumtaz, N and Shakil Ur Rehman, S and Saqulain, G}, title = {Teaching strategies for rehabilitation curriculum: Coping with the Covid-19 situation.}, journal = {JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association}, volume = {72}, number = {5}, pages = {935-939}, doi = {10.47391/JPMA.4220}, pmid = {35713059}, issn = {0030-9982}, mesh = {Adaptation, Psychological ; *COVID-19 ; Curriculum ; *Education, Distance ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Teaching ; }, abstract = {The novel corona virus pandemic culminated in a global emergency shutting down educational institutions with recommendations of distant learning. Developing countries like Pakistan faced challenges in terms of keeping the education stream running. The current narrative review was planned to discuss the teaching strategies adopted by various institutes for coping with the situation created by the coronavirus disease-2019. Literature search was done using search engines and databases with key words 'Academics', 'Coping strategies', 'Covid-19', 'Online learning', 'Rehabilitation curriculum' and their combinations. As a result, 37 articles were analysed for education involving conformation of curricula to social distancing protocol, and use of video-conferencing software, practical rehabilitation curriculum delivery, and evaluation methods. Developing countries, like Pakistan, should upgrade and revise their rehabilitation curriculum at theoretical and practical levels and try to convert the adversity of the pandemic into an opportunity to develop standardised e-learning programmes and compatible software.}, }
@article {pmid35712271, year = {2022}, author = {Vennis, IM and Boskovic, M and Bleijs, DA and Rutjes, SA}, title = {Complementarity of International Instruments in the Field of Biosecurity.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {894389}, doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2022.894389}, pmid = {35712271}, issn = {2296-2565}, mesh = {Biosecurity ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Humans ; *International Cooperation ; Pandemics ; Public Health ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the devastating impact of infectious disease outbreaks and the threat of emerging and re-emerging dangerous pathogens, independent of their origin. Natural, accidental, and deliberate disease outbreaks all need systems in place for an effective public health response. The best known international instrument in the field of public health is the WHO International Health Regulations (2005). Although the International Health Regulations are mainly focused on natural disease outbreaks, the actions to take to comply with them also contribute to biosecurity and non-proliferation. This paper examines in case of full implementation of the International Health Regulations, what other actions states should take to comply with international biosecurity instruments, including the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention and United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540, to effectively prevent and defend against intentional biological threats. An overview of international instruments from different disciplines regarding biosecurity is presented. Furthermore, this paper clarifies the similarities between the international biosecurity instruments and addresses the additional requirements that instruments stipulate. From a detailed comparison between the instruments it can be concluded that, to adhere to all legally-binding international biosecurity instruments, specific non-proliferation and export control measures are necessary in addition to full implementation of the International Health Regulations. Additionally, an overview of non-legally binding instruments in the field of biosecurity is presented and practical implementation examples are highlighted. Compliance with legally binding instruments can be improved by precise guidance provided by non-legally binding instruments that are clear and attuned to the situation on the ground. To improve understanding of the existing international instruments, this paper aims to provide an overview of the international legal biosecurity framework to biosecurity experts, policymakers, civil servants, and practitioners. It offers possible practical applications for the politico-legal context and accommodates the enhancement of full employment of biosecurity resources for an improved multidisciplinary capacity to prevent, detect, and respond to infectious disease outbreaks.}, }
@article {pmid35705961, year = {2022}, author = {Kabwama, SN and Kiwanuka, SN and Mapatano, MA and Fawole, OI and Seck, I and Namale, A and Ndejjo, R and Kizito, S and Monje, F and Bosonkie, M and Egbende, L and Bello, S and Bamgboye, EA and Dairo, MD and Adebowale, AS and Salawu, MM and Afolabi, RF and Diallo, I and Leye, MMM and Ndiaye, Y and Fall, M and Bassoum, O and Alfvén, T and Sambisa, W and Wanyenze, RK}, title = {Private sector engagement in the COVID-19 response: experiences and lessons from the Democratic Republic of Congo, Nigeria, Senegal and Uganda.}, journal = {Globalization and health}, volume = {18}, number = {1}, pages = {60}, pmid = {35705961}, issn = {1744-8603}, mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19 Testing ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Democratic Republic of the Congo/epidemiology ; Humans ; Nigeria/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; *Private Sector ; Senegal/epidemiology ; Uganda/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Private entities play a major role in health globally. However, their contribution has not been fully optimized to strengthen delivery of public health services. The COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed health systems and precipitated coalitions between public and private sectors to address critical gaps in the response. We conducted a study to document the public and private sector partnerships and engagements to inform current and future responses to public health emergencies.<br><br>METHODS: This was a multi-country cross-sectional study conducted in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Nigeria, Senegal and Uganda between November 2020 and March 2021 to assess responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a scoping literature review and key informant interviews (KIIs) with private and public health sector stakeholders. The literature reviewed included COVID-19 country guidelines and response plans, program reports and peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed publications. KIIs elicited information on country approaches and response strategies specifically the engagement of the private sector in any of the strategic response operations.<br><br>RESULTS: Across the 4 countries, private sector strengthened laboratory systems, COVID-19 case management, risk communication and health service continuity. In the DRC and Nigeria, private entities supported contact tracing and surveillance activities. Across the 4 countries, the private sector supported expansion of access to COVID-19 testing services through establishing partnerships with the public health sector albeit at unregulated fees. In Senegal and Uganda, governments established partnerships with private sector to manufacture COVID-19 rapid diagnostic tests. The private sector also contributed to treatment and management of COVID-19 cases. In addition, private entities provided personal protective equipment, conducted risk communication to promote adherence to safety procedures and health promotion for health service continuity. However, there were concerns related to reporting, quality and cost of services, calling for quality and price regulation in the provision of services.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The private sector contributed to the COVID-19 response through engagement in COVID-19 surveillance and testing, management of COVID-19 cases, and health promotion to maintain health access. There is a need to develop regulatory frameworks for sustainable public-private engagements including regulation of pricing, quality assurance and alignment with national plans and priorities during response to epidemics.}, }
@article {pmid35707203, year = {2022}, author = {Iftikhar, A and Ali, SM and Alam, M and Musa, S and Su'ud, MM}, title = {Analysis of Risk Factors in Global Software Development: A Cross-Continental Study Using Modified Firefly Algorithm.}, journal = {Computational intelligence and neuroscience}, volume = {2022}, number = {}, pages = {4936748}, doi = {10.1155/2022/4936748}, pmid = {35707203}, issn = {1687-5273}, mesh = {Algorithms ; *COVID-19 ; Humans ; *Pandemics ; Risk Factors ; Software ; }, abstract = {In today's competitive world, software organizations are moving towards global software development (GSD). This became even more significant in times such as COVID-19 pandemic, where team members residing in different geographical locations and from different cultures had to work from home to carry on their tasks and responsibilities as travelling was restricted. These teams are distributed in nature and work on the same set of goals and objectives. Some of the key challenges which software practitioners face in GSD environment are cultural differences, communication issues, use of different software models, temporal and spatial distance, and risk factors. Risks can be considered as a biggest challenge of other challenges, but not many researchers have addressed risks related to time, cost, and resources. In this research paper, a comprehensive analysis of software project risk factors in GSD environment has been performed. Based on the literature review, 54 risk factors were identified in the context of software development. These were further classified by practitioners into three dimensions, i.e., time, cost, and resource. A Pareto analysis has been performed to discover the most important risk factors, which could have bad impact on software projects. Furthermore, a modified firefly algorithm has been designed and implemented to evaluate and prioritize the pertinent risk factors obtained after the Pareto analysis. All important risks have been prioritized according to the fitness values of individual risks. The top three risks are "failure to provide resources," "cultural differences of participants," and "inadequately trained development team members."}, }
@article {pmid35678914, year = {2022}, author = {Chen, X and Qiao, WH and Cao, H and Shi, JW and Du, XL and Dong, NG}, title = {Role of Neuroimmune Interactions in COVID-19-related Cardiovascular Damage.}, journal = {Current medical science}, volume = {42}, number = {3}, pages = {555-560}, pmid = {35678914}, issn = {2523-899X}, mesh = {*COVID-19/complications ; *Cardiovascular Diseases ; Humans ; Neuroimmunomodulation ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic impacting over 200 countries/regions and more than 200 million patients worldwide. Among the infected patients, there is a high prevalence of COVID-19-related cardiovascular injuries. However, the specific mechanisms linking cardiovascular damage and COVID-19 remain unclear. The COVID-19 pandemic also has exacerbated the mental health burden of humans. Considering the close association between neuroimmune interactions and cardiovascular disease, this review assessed the complex pathophysiological mechanisms connecting neuroimmune interactions and cardiovascular disease. It was revealed that the mental health burden might be a pivotal accomplice causing COVID-19-associated cardiovascular damage. Specifically, the proinflammatory status of patients with a terrible mood state is closely related to overdrive of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, sympathovagal imbalance, and endothelial dysfunction, which lead to an increased risk of developing cardiovascular injury during COVID-19. Therefore, during the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 patients, particular attention should be given to relieve the mental health burden of these patients.}, }
@article {pmid35618559, year = {2022}, author = {Beck, E and Biundo, E and Devlin, N and Doherty, TM and Garcia-Ruiz, AJ and Postma, M and Sheikh, S and Smela, B and Toumi, M and Wasem, J and Nolan, T and Salisbury, D}, title = {Capturing the value of vaccination within health technology assessment and health economics: Literature review and novel conceptual framework.}, journal = {Vaccine}, volume = {40}, number = {30}, pages = {4008-4016}, doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.04.050}, pmid = {35618559}, issn = {1873-2518}, mesh = {*COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; Technology Assessment, Biomedical ; Vaccination ; *Vaccines ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Vaccination provides significant health gains to individuals and society and can potentially improve health equity, healthcare systems and national economies. Policy decisions, however, are rarely informed by comprehensive economic evaluations (EE) including vaccination's wide-ranging value. The objective of this analysis was to focus on health technology assessment systems to identify relevant value concepts in order to improve current EE of non-pandemic vaccines.<br><br>METHODS: Following a literature review, a novel Value of Vaccination (VoV) framework was developed with experts in vaccine EE from developed countries with established health technology assessment systems.<br><br>RESULTS: Forty-four studies presenting value frameworks or concepts applicable to vaccination were included. Eighteen unique value concepts relevant to EE were identified and defined. These were categorised within the VoV framework using three dimensions, moving from a narrow payer perspective to a more expansive and societal perspective. The dimensions were: (I) conventional payer perspective concepts (e.g., health gains in vaccinees, direct medical costs); (II) conventional societal perspective concepts (e.g., indirect health/economic gains to caregivers/households, productivity in vaccinees); and (III) novel societal concepts (e.g., financial risk protection, peace of mind, societal health gains, healthcare systems security, political stability, social equity and macroeconomic gains). While good quality evidence and methods are available to support concepts in Dimensions I and II, further work is needed to generate the required evidence for vaccination impact on Dimension III concepts.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The devastating effect on nations of the COVID-19 pandemic has helped to highlight the potential far-reaching benefits that many vaccination programmes can offer. This VoV framework is particularly relevant to policy decisions considering EE, and the potential future expansion of non-pandemic vaccination value considerations. The framework helps to understand and compare current value considerations across countries and payer versus societal perspectives. It provides decision-makers with a transparent and logical path to broaden consideration of VoV in EE.}, }
@article {pmid35615916, year = {2022}, author = {Gómez-Almaguer, D and Rojas-Guerrero, EA and Gómez-De León, A and Colunga-Pedraza, PR and Jaime-Pérez, JC}, title = {Alternatives for managing patients with newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenia: a narrative review.}, journal = {Expert review of hematology}, volume = {15}, number = {6}, pages = {493-501}, doi = {10.1080/17474086.2022.2082936}, pmid = {35615916}, issn = {1747-4094}, mesh = {*COVID-19/therapy ; Humans ; Platelet Count ; *Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/drug therapy/therapy ; Rituximab/therapeutic use ; *Thrombocytopenia ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired bleeding disorder. Conventionally, first-line ITP therapy aims to obtain a rapid response and stop or decrease the risk of bleeding by increasing the platelet count. At this point, the duration of the response, the tolerability, and the long-term safety of pharmacologic interventions are considered less of a priority. Combination treatments that simultaneously address multiple disease mechanisms are an attractive strategy to increase efficacy in acute ITP therapy. In this review, we discuss the treatment of newly diagnosed ITP patients, emphasizing the use of new combinations to benefit from their synergy.<br><br>AREAS COVERED: This article summarizes conventional treatment, recent and novel combinations, and COVID-19 management recommendations of newly diagnosed ITP patients.<br><br>EXPERT OPINION: The key areas for improvement consider the long-term effects of conventional first-line therapy, reducing relapse rates, and extending responses to achieve long-term remission. Although corticosteroids remain a first-line therapy, restricting their use to avoid toxicity and the increasing use of rituximab and TPO-RAs in the first three months after diagnosis open the landscape for future interventions in frontline therapy for ITP. First-line therapy intensification or synergistic drug combination offers a potential and realistic shift in future treatment guidelines.}, }
@article {pmid35584308, year = {2022}, author = {Thakor, JC and Dinesh, M and Manikandan, R and Bindu, S and Sahoo, M and Sahoo, D and Dhawan, M and Pandey, MK and Tiwari, R and Emran, TB and Dhama, K and Chaicumpa, W}, title = {Swine coronaviruses (SCoVs) and their emerging threats to swine population, inter-species transmission, exploring the susceptibility of pigs for SARS-CoV-2 and zoonotic concerns.}, journal = {The veterinary quarterly}, volume = {42}, number = {1}, pages = {125-147}, doi = {10.1080/01652176.2022.2079756}, pmid = {35584308}, issn = {1875-5941}, mesh = {Alphacoronavirus ; Animals ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/veterinary ; Humans ; Pandemics ; *Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Swine ; *Swine Diseases/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {Swine coronaviruses (SCoVs) are one of the most devastating pathogens affecting the livelihoods of farmers and swine industry across the world. These include transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV), swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), and porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV). Coronaviruses infect a wide variety of animal species and humans because these are having single stranded-RNA that accounts for high mutation rates and thus could break the species barrier. The gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and nervous systems are the primary organ systems affected by SCoVs. Infection is very common in piglets compared to adult swine causing high mortality in the former. Bat is implicated to be the origin of all CoVs affecting animals and humans. Since pig is the only domestic animal in which CoVs cause a wide range of diseases; new coronaviruses with high zoonotic potential could likely emerge in the future as observed in the past. The recently emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing COVID-19 pandemic in humans, has been implicated to have animal origin, also reported from few animal species, though its zoonotic concerns are still under investigation. This review discusses SCoVs and their epidemiology, virology, evolution, pathology, wildlife reservoirs, interspecies transmission, spill-over events and highlighting their emerging threats to swine population. The role of pigs amid ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic will also be discussed. A thorough investigation should be conducted to rule out zoonotic potential of SCoVs and to design appropriate strategies for their prevention and control.}, }
@article {pmid35537677, year = {2022}, author = {Quincho-Lopez, A and Chávez-Rimache, L and Montes-Alvis, J and Taype-Rondan, A and Alvarado-Gamarra, G}, title = {Characteristics and conflicting recommendations of clinical practice guidelines for COVID-19 management in children: A scoping review.}, journal = {Travel medicine and infectious disease}, volume = {48}, number = {}, pages = {102354}, doi = {10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102354}, pmid = {35537677}, issn = {1873-0442}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Child ; Humans ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are statements that should be rigorously developed to guide clinicians' decision-making. However, given the scarce evidence for certain vulnerable groups like children, CPGs' recommendations formulation could be challenging.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a scoping review of CPGs for COVID-19 management in children. Documents were included if they claimed to be a "clinical practice guideline", published between January and October 2021, and described the process followed to issue their recommendations. We assessed the quality using the "Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II" (AGREE-II) and described how the recommendations were reached.<br><br>RESULTS: We found five CPGs that fulfilled our inclusion criteria. The median score on the overall AGREE-II evaluation was 61% (range: 49%-72%), and the score on the third domain referred to the rigor of methodological development was 52% (range: 25%-88%). Recommendations for remdesivir, tocilizumab, and intravenous immunoglobulin were heterogeneous across CPGs (in favor, against, no recommendation), as well as the methodologies used to present the evidence, perform the benefits/harms balance, and issue the recommendation.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Heterogeneous recommendations and justifications across CPGs were found in the three assessed topics. Future CPGs should describe in detail their evidence-to-decision process to issue reliable and transparent recommendations.}, }
@article {pmid35525097, year = {2022}, author = {Fauvel, C and Trimaille, A and Weizman, O and Pezel, T and Mika, D and Waldmann, V and Cohen, A and Bonnet, G}, title = {Cardiovascular manifestations secondary to COVID-19: A narrative review.}, journal = {Respiratory medicine and research}, volume = {81}, number = {}, pages = {100904}, doi = {10.1016/j.resmer.2022.100904}, pmid = {35525097}, issn = {2590-0412}, mesh = {*COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Humans ; *Myocarditis/complications/etiology ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread rapidly, becoming a major threat to global health. In addition to having required the adaptation of healthcare workers for almost 2 years, it has been much talked about, both in the media and among the scientific community. Beyond lung damage and respiratory symptoms, the involvement of the cardiovascular system largely explains COVID-19 morbimortality. In this review, we emphasize that cardiovascular involvement is common and is associated with a worse prognosis, and that earlier detection by physicians should lead to better management. First, direct cardiac involvement will be discussed, in the form of COVID-19 myocarditis, then secondary cardiac involvement, such as myocardial injury, myocardial infarction and arrhythmias, will be considered. Finally, worsening of previous cardiovascular disease as a result of COVID-19 will be examined, as well as long-term COVID-19 effects and cardiovascular complications of COVID-19 vaccines.}, }
@article {pmid35507293, year = {2022}, author = {Bikle, DD}, title = {Vitamin D Regulation of Immune Function.}, journal = {Current osteoporosis reports}, volume = {20}, number = {3}, pages = {186-193}, pmid = {35507293}, issn = {1544-2241}, support = {I01 BX003814/BX/BLRD VA/United States ; RO1 AR055924/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; I01 BX003814/BX/BLRD VA/United States ; RO1 AR055924/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/physiology ; RNA, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vitamin D/metabolism ; *Vitamin D Deficiency/complications ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the mechanisms by which vitamin D and its metabolites regulate the immune system to facilitate the ability of the body to prevent and/or treat SARS-CoV2 and other respiratory infections and encourage further research into the role that vitamin D supplementation plays in preventing/treating such infections.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of SARS-CoV2 and other respiratory infections. Clinical trials in general demonstrate that correction of vitamin D deficiency reduces the risk of hospitalization, ICU admission, and death from SARS-CoV2 infection. The airway epithelium and alveolar macrophages express the enzyme, CYP27B1, that produces the active metabolite of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D, and the vitamin D receptor, VDR. Vitamin D and its metabolites promote the innate immune response, which provides the first line of defense against viral and bacterial infections while restricting the adaptive immune response, which if unchecked promotes the inflammatory response leading to the acute respiratory distress syndrome and death. The rationale for treating vitamin D deficiency to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV2 infection and supplementing patients with vitamin D early in the course of SARS-CoV2 infection rests primarily on the ability of vitamin D metabolites to promote an effective immune response to the infection.}, }
@article {pmid35486857, year = {2022}, author = {Al-Qudah, M and Al-Shaikh, A and Haddad, H and Alolayyan, M and Zawaneh, Y and Matalka, M and Matalka, I}, title = {Impact of COVID-19 Exclusive Allocation Strategy on Quality of Healthcare: A Study From Jordan, 2020.}, journal = {Health security}, volume = {20}, number = {3}, pages = {193-202}, doi = {10.1089/hs.2021.0146}, pmid = {35486857}, issn = {2326-5108}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Delivery of Health Care ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Jordan/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Quality of Health Care ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has brought uncertainty to everyday medical practice. Deciding how to ration limited healthcare resources is difficult and requires the involvement of higher authorities in each country. In this article we focus on the Jordanian strategy of allocating tertiary healthcare centers exclusively for COVID-19 patients and postponing all other treatments and healthcare provision. We collected secondary data on admissions, occupancy of hospital beds, and length of stay at emergency departments and outpatient clinics, as well as surgeries conducted, between March and May 2020 at King Abdullah University Hospital in Irbid, Jordan. We also conducted a literature review to explore health resource utilization and allocation in terms of health service quality. Our findings showed a major decrease in the demand for health services at the hospital including admissions, emergency department visits, outpatient clinic visits, surgeries, and radiology during the study period. These findings indicate the enormous impact of the pandemic on the largest segment of patients in Jordan-those who depend on government health insurance-to manage their routine healthcare needs, which may affect the health status of patients. Authorities should address the COVID-19 pandemic holistically by prioritizing both COVID-19 cases and non-COVID-19 cases and should draft a framework for managing future pandemics. Moreover, planning a strategy to accommodate the number of people waiting for elective surgeries and routine healthcare should be in place to minimize the burden of this pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid35451341, year = {2022}, author = {Choudhary, S and Kanevsky, I and Tomlinson, L}, title = {Animal models for studying COVID-19, prevention, and therapy: Pathology and disease phenotypes.}, journal = {Veterinary pathology}, volume = {59}, number = {4}, pages = {516-527}, doi = {10.1177/03009858221092015}, pmid = {35451341}, issn = {1544-2217}, mesh = {Animals ; *COVID-19/veterinary ; Disease Models, Animal ; Models, Animal ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; Phenotype ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Translational models have played an important role in the rapid development of safe and effective vaccines and therapeutic agents for the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Animal models recapitulating the clinical and underlying pathological manifestations of COVID-19 have been vital for identification and rational design of safe and effective vaccines and therapies. This manuscript provides an overview of commonly used COVID-19 animal models and the pathologic features of SARS-CoV-2 infection in these models in relation to their clinical presentation in humans. Also discussed are considerations for selecting appropriate animal models for infectious diseases such as COVID-19, the host determinants that can influence species-specific susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, and the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Finally, the limitations of currently available COVID-19 animal models are highlighted.}, }
@article {pmid35442904, year = {2022}, author = {Sakur, F and Ward, K and Khatri, NN and Lau, AYS}, title = {Self-care Behaviors and Technology Used During COVID-19: Systematic Review.}, journal = {JMIR human factors}, volume = {9}, number = {2}, pages = {e35173}, doi = {10.2196/35173}, pmid = {35442904}, issn = {2292-9495}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Self-care behaviors are essential for people living with chronic conditions; however, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has imposed additional complications on their daily routines. Few studies have analyzed how self-care behaviors have changed during COVID-19 and the role of digital technology, especially among people with chronic conditions.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This study aims to review how self-care behaviors have changed for people with chronic conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic, and what technology they have adopted to manage their conditions during that period.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review was conducted using narrative synthesis. Data were extracted from PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Google Scholar, including articles from December 2019 onward. Eligible studies focused on adults diagnosed with chronic conditions undertaking any self-care tasks in line with the middle-range theory of self-care of chronic illness (ie, self-care maintenance, monitoring, and management). The methodological quality of the included articles was assessed with the McMaster Critical Review Forms for Quantitative or Qualitative Studies.<br><br>RESULTS: In total, 36 primary research articles were included. Changes to self-care behaviors during COVID-19 among people with chronic conditions were organized according to the middle-range theory of self-care of chronic illness focusing on self-care maintenance (ie, medication adherence, physical activity, and diet control), self-care monitoring (ie, monitoring signs and symptoms), and self-care management (ie, consultations with health care providers). Positive self-care behaviors observed include the following: individuals trying to maintain good glycemic control during COVID-19 increased their medication adherence in 27% (10/36) of studies; and diet control improved in 50% (18/36) of studies. Negative self-care behaviors observed include the following: decline in physical activities and increased sedentariness were observed in 65% (23/36) of studies; poor diet control was observed in 57% (21/36) of studies; and self-monitoring of health status dropped in 43% (15/36) of studies. The use of technology to support self-care of chronic conditions during COVID-19 was reported in 72% (26/36) of studies. The actual use of telehealth in place of physical consultations during COVID-19 was observed in 50% (18/36) of studies, and other digital technologies (eg, social media apps, smartphone apps, web-based platforms, and web browsing) were used in 50% (18/36) of studies. Telehealth was discussed and recommended as the default technology in delivering future health care services during COVID-19 and beyond in 77% (28/36) of studies.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This review highlighted the necessity to rethink how models of self-care should continue to address the demands of chronic conditions while being responsive to the imminent threats of infectious diseases. Perhaps the silver lining of COVID-19 is that adoption of digital technology (especially telehealth) among a vast cross-section of people with chronic conditions is possible. Future research should investigate effective ways to incorporate evidence-based digital health tools into these new models of self-care that address the challenges of chronic and infectious conditions.}, }
@article {pmid35397070, year = {2022}, author = {Alnimr, AM and Alshahrani, MS and Alwarthan, S and AlQahtani, SY and Hassan, AA and BuMurah, NN and Alhajiri, S and Bukharie, H}, title = {Bacterial and Fungal Coinfection in Critically Ill COVID-19 Cases and Predictive Role of Procalcitonin During the First Wave at an Academic Health Center.}, journal = {Journal of epidemiology and global health}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {188-195}, pmid = {35397070}, issn = {2210-6014}, mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology/therapy ; *Coinfection/epidemiology ; Critical Illness ; Humans ; Procalcitonin ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Coinfection at various sites can complicate the clinical course of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) patients leading to worse prognosis and increased mortality. We aimed to investigate the occurrence of coinfection in critically ill COVID-19 cases, and the predictive role of routinely tested biomarkers on admission for mortality.<br><br>METHODS: This is a retrospective study of all SARS-CoV-2-infected cases, who were admitted to King Fahad Hospital of the University between March 2020 and December 2020. We reviewed the data in the electronic charts in the healthcare information management system including initial presentation, clinical course, radiological and laboratory findings and reported all significant microbiological cultures that indicated antimicrobial therapy. The mortality data were reviewed for severely ill patients who were admitted to critical care units.<br><br>RESULTS: Of 1091 admitted patients, there were 70 fatalities (6.4%). 182 COVID-19 persons were admitted to the critical care service, of whom 114 patients (62.6%) survived. The in-hospital mortality was 13.4%. Coinfection was noted in 67/68 non-survivors, and Gram-negative pathogens (Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumanni) represented more than 50% of the etiological agents. We noted that the serum procalcitonin on admission was higher for non-survivors (Median = 1.6 ng/mL ± 4.7) than in survivors (Median = 0.2 ng/mL ± 4.2) (p ≤ 0.05).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Coinfection is a serious complication for COVID-19 especially in the presence of co-morbidities. High levels of procalcitonin on admission may predict non-survival in critically ill cases in whom bacterial or fungal co-infection is likely.}, }
@article {pmid35348281, year = {2022}, author = {Singh, A and Bharadwaj, SJ and Chirayath, AG and Ganguly, S}, title = {Development of severe pemphigus vulgaris following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination and review of literature.}, journal = {Journal of cosmetic dermatology}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {2311-2314}, doi = {10.1111/jocd.14945}, pmid = {35348281}, issn = {1473-2165}, mesh = {Adult ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 ; Humans ; Male ; Pandemics ; *Pemphigus/drug therapy/etiology ; Vaccination/adverse effects ; }, abstract = {Vaccines are indeed a boon for tackling the present COVID-19 pandemic. In India, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Covishield) is the most commonly used vaccine in the government vaccination program for adults more than 18 years of age. It is a recombinant vaccine developed by Oxford-Astra Zeneca and manufactured in India by Serum Institute of India (SSI). Here, we report a case of severe pemphigus vulgaris following the second dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination in an adult male. The patient developed septicemia during the course of hospital stay, and he was managed with systemic steroids, parenteral antibiotics, and intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) along with proper wound care. Patient started improving within 1 month of therapy. This case is being reported in view of the rarity of pemphigus vulgaris following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine.}, }
@article {pmid35338917, year = {2022}, author = {Cilli, A and Hanta, I and Uzer, F and Coskun, F and Sevinc, C and Deniz, PP and Parlak, M and Altunok, E and Tertemiz, KC and Ursavas, A}, title = {Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with IPF: A multi-center retrospective study.}, journal = {Respiratory medicine and research}, volume = {81}, number = {}, pages = {100900}, doi = {10.1016/j.resmer.2022.100900}, pmid = {35338917}, issn = {2590-0412}, mesh = {Aged ; *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology/therapy ; COVID-19 Testing ; Cohort Studies ; Humans ; *Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/diagnosis/epidemiology/therapy ; Middle Aged ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: There are few data on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (COVID-19) infection in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The objective of this study is to describe the characteristics and outcomes of IPF patients confirmed COVID-19 infection.<br><br>METHODS: In this retrospective, multi-center, cohort study, patients from 4 hospital medical records with known IPF and a COVID-19 diagnosis were identified. Demographic and clinical outcome data were abstracted through a review of electronic medical records.<br><br>RESULTS: Records for 46 patients with IPF and COVID-19 were abstracted. The mean age was 65±10 years. The most common symptom was dyspnea, followed by fever and cough. Ground-glass opacities (n = 35, 83.3%) and consolidations (n = 11, 26.1%) were the main imaging features of the disease in thorax computed tomography (CT). Twenty-four patients (52.1%) required hospitalization. Among the hospitalized patients, 16 (66.6%) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), and 10 (41.6%) underwent invasive mechanical ventilation. Thirteen patients (28.2%) died of COVID-19 complications. Mortality rate was significantly associated with lower DLCO/VA, long term oxygen therapy and consolidation finding on CT of thorax (p<0.05). On multivariable analysis, neither factor was associated with hospitalization or mortality.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: IPF patients represent a vulnerable population for COVID-19, according to the high rate of hospitalization, ICU requirement, and mortality rate. Measures to minimize the risk of COVID-19 infection remain key to protect IPF patients.}, }
@article {pmid35262698, year = {2022}, author = {Yu, L and Zhang, X and Ye, S and Lian, H and Wang, H and Ye, J}, title = {Obesity and COVID-19: Mechanistic Insights From Adipose Tissue.}, journal = {The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism}, volume = {107}, number = {7}, pages = {1799-1811}, doi = {10.1210/clinem/dgac137}, pmid = {35262698}, issn = {1945-7197}, support = {81500675//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2018YFA0800603//National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; //Shanghai Association for Science and Technology/ ; }, mesh = {*Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; *COVID-19/complications ; Cytokine Release Syndrome ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Humans ; *Obesity/complications ; }, abstract = {Obesity is associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The risk is related to the cytokine storm, a major contributor to multiorgan failure and a pathological character of COVID-19 patients with obesity. While the exact cause of the cytokine storm remains elusive, disorders in energy metabolism has provided insights into the mechanism. Emerging data suggest that adipose tissue in obesity contributes to the disorders in several ways. First, adipose tissue restricts the pulmonary function by generation of mechanical pressures to promote systemic hypoxia. Second, adipose tissue supplies a base for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 entry by overexpression of viral receptors [angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and dipeptidyl peptidase 4]. Third, impaired antiviral responses of adipocytes and immune cells result in dysfunction of immunologic surveillance as well as the viral clearance systems. Fourth, chronic inflammation in obesity contributes to the cytokine storm by secreting more proinflammatory cytokines. Fifth, abnormal levels of adipokines increase the risk of a hyperimmune response to the virus in the lungs and other organs to enhance the cytokine storm. Mitochondrial dysfunction in adipocytes, immune cells, and other cell types (endothelial cells and platelets, etc) is a common cellular mechanism for the development of cytokine storm, which leads to the progression of mild COVID-19 to severe cases with multiorgan failure and high mortality. Correction of energy surplus through various approaches is recommended in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in the obese patients.}, }
@article {pmid35262455, year = {2022}, author = {Zuglianello, C and Lemos-Senna, E}, title = {The nanotechnological approach for nasal delivery of peptide drugs: a comprehensive review.}, journal = {Journal of microencapsulation}, volume = {39}, number = {2}, pages = {156-175}, doi = {10.1080/02652048.2022.2051626}, pmid = {35262455}, issn = {1464-5246}, mesh = {Administration, Intranasal ; *COVID-19/drug therapy ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Humans ; *Nanoparticles ; Peptides/therapeutic use ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; }, abstract = {This review gathers recent studies, patents, and clinical trials involving the nasal administration of peptide drugs to supply a panorama of developing nanomedicine advances in this field. Peptide drugs have been featured in the pharmaceutical market, due to their high efficacy, biological activity, and low immunogenicity. Pharmaceutical industries need technology to circumvent issues relating to peptide stability and bioavailability. The oral route offers very harsh and unfavourable conditions for peptide administration, while the parenteral route is inconvenient and risky for patients. Nasal administration is an attractive alternative, mainly when associated with nanotechnological approaches. Nanomedicines may improve the nasal administration of peptide drugs by providing protection for the macromolecules from enzymes while also increasing their time of retention and permeability in the nasal mucosa. Nanomedicines for nasal administration containing peptide drugs have been acclaimed for both prevention, and treatment, of infections, including the pandemic COVID-19, cancers, metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases.}, }
@article {pmid35170501, year = {2022}, author = {Kostovich, CT and Etingen, B and Wirth, M and Patrianakos, J and Kartje, R and Baharestani, M and Weaver, FM}, title = {Outcomes of Telehealth for Wound Care: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Advances in skin &amp; wound care}, volume = {35}, number = {7}, pages = {394-403}, pmid = {35170501}, issn = {1538-8654}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Health Services ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Self Care ; *Telemedicine/methods ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To synthesize the literature on delivering wound care via telehealth and compare clinical, healthcare utilization, and cost outcomes when wound care is provided via telehealth (telewound) modalities compared with in-person care.<br><br>DATA SOURCES: An electronic search of PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Clinical Trials databases for articles published from 1999 to 2019 was conducted using the following MeSH search terms: telewound, wound, wound care, remote care, telehealth, telemedicine, eHealth, mobile health, pressure injury, and ulcer.<br><br>STUDY SELECTION: Articles were included if they were a scientific report of a single study; evaluated a telehealth method; identified the type of wound of focus; and provided data on clinical, healthcare utilization, or cost outcomes of telewound care. In total, 26 articles met these criteria.<br><br>DATA EXTRACTION: Data were extracted and grouped into 13 categories, including study design, wound type, telehealth modality, treatment intervention, and outcomes measured, among others.<br><br>DATA SYNTHESIS: Of the 26 studies, 19 reported on clinical outcomes including overall healing and healing time; 17 studies reported on healthcare utilization including hospitalizations and length of stay; and 12 studies reported costs.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Evidence regarding the use of telewound care is weak, and findings related to the impact of telewound care on outcomes are inconsistent but indicate that it is not inferior to in-person care. Greater use of telehealth as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic points to further development of navigation and education models of telehealth for wound care. However, additional studies using rigorous research design and leveraging robust sample sizes are needed to demonstrate value.}, }
@article {pmid35130766, year = {2022}, author = {Runft, S and Färber, I and Krüger, J and Krüger, N and Armando, F and Rocha, C and Pöhlmann, S and Burigk, L and Leitzen, E and Ciurkiewicz, M and Braun, A and Schneider, D and Baumgärtner, L and Freisleben, B and Baumgärtner, W}, title = {Alternatives to animal models and their application in the discovery of species susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory infectious pathogens: A review.}, journal = {Veterinary pathology}, volume = {59}, number = {4}, pages = {565-577}, doi = {10.1177/03009858211073678}, pmid = {35130766}, issn = {1544-2217}, mesh = {Animals ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/veterinary ; Cricetinae ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ferrets ; Lung/pathology ; Macaca mulatta ; Mice ; *Rodent Diseases/pathology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) inspired rapid research efforts targeting the host range, pathogenesis and transmission mechanisms, and the development of antiviral strategies. Genetically modified mice, rhesus macaques, ferrets, and Syrian golden hamsters have been frequently used in studies of pathogenesis and efficacy of antiviral compounds and vaccines. However, alternatives to in vivo experiments, such as immortalized cell lines, primary respiratory epithelial cells cultured at an air-liquid interface, stem/progenitor cell-derived organoids, or tissue explants, have also been used for isolation of SARS-CoV-2, investigation of cytopathic effects, and pathogen-host interactions. Moreover, initial proof-of-concept studies for testing therapeutic agents can be performed with these tools, showing that animal-sparing cell culture methods could significantly reduce the need for animal models in the future, following the 3R principles of replace, reduce, and refine. So far, only few studies using animal-derived primary cells or tissues have been conducted in SARS-CoV-2 research, although natural infection has been shown to occur in several animal species. Therefore, the need for in-depth investigations on possible interspecies transmission routes and differences in susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 is urgent. This review gives an overview of studies employing alternative culture systems like primary cell cultures, tissue explants, or organoids for investigations of the pathophysiology and reverse zoonotic potential of SARS-CoV-2 in animals. In addition, future possibilities of SARS-CoV-2 research in animals, including previously neglected methods like the use of precision-cut lung slices, will be outlined.}, }
@article {pmid35068398, year = {2022}, author = {Singh, S and Kumar, A and Sharma, H}, title = {In-vitro and In-vivo Experimental Models for MERS-CoV, SARSCoV, and SARS-CoV-2 Viral Infection: A Compendious Review.}, journal = {Recent patents on biotechnology}, volume = {16}, number = {2}, pages = {82-101}, doi = {10.2174/1872208316666220124101611}, pmid = {35068398}, issn = {2212-4012}, mesh = {Animals ; *COVID-19 ; *Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus ; Models, Theoretical ; Patents as Topic ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the Coronaviridae family of coronaviruses. This novel virus has predominantly affected a vast world population and was declared a pandemic outbreak. The clinical and scientific communities strive to develop and validate potential treatments and therapeutic measures. The comparative study of existing synthetic drugs, evaluation of safety aspects, and the devel opment of novel vaccines can be efficiently achieved by using suitable animal models of primary infection and validating translational findings in human cell lines and tissues. The current paper explores varied animal and cell/tissue models employed and recapitulate various critical issues of ailment manifestation in humans to develop and evaluate novel therapeutic countermeasures and even include some novel patent developed in this regard.}, }
@article {pmid34968089, year = {2022}, author = {Carpenter, BD and Gatz, M and Smyer, MA}, title = {Mental health and aging in the 2020s.}, journal = {The American psychologist}, volume = {77}, number = {4}, pages = {538-550}, doi = {10.1037/amp0000873}, pmid = {34968089}, issn = {1935-990X}, mesh = {Aged ; *Ageism/psychology ; Aging/psychology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Pandemics ; United States/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has brought age bias and the unmet mental health needs of older adults into bold relief. Even before the pandemic, the psychological needs of older adults often went unaddressed, or were poorly addressed by a system that lacks an adequate number of providers and insufficiently integrates geropsychological services across care settings. In the decade ahead, the number of older adults in the United States will continue to grow, with the potential for expanded demand and contracted service options. Life changes that typically occur with aging will interact with societal upheavals (pandemic, civil unrest, economic inequality) to exacerbate the mental health needs in the current cohort of older adults and the "near old." At the same time, ageism, inequitable access, and financial and policy constraints may limit health care access. Following a review of current demographic and epidemiological data, we describe several trends that will affect the prevalence of mental health issues among older adults and how mental health care is delivered, and we discuss their implications for education, research, and practice. For both personal and professional reasons, all psychologists can benefit from understanding these trends in aging. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).}, }
@article {pmid34963391, year = {2022}, author = {Clancy, CS and Shaia, C and Munster, V and de Wit, E and Hawman, D and Okumura, A and Feldmann, H and Saturday, G and Scott, D}, title = {Histologic pulmonary lesions of SARS-CoV-2 in 4 nonhuman primate species: An institutional comparative review.}, journal = {Veterinary pathology}, volume = {59}, number = {4}, pages = {673-680}, doi = {10.1177/03009858211067468}, pmid = {34963391}, issn = {1544-2217}, mesh = {Animals ; *COVID-19/veterinary ; Chlorocebus aethiops ; Lung/pathology ; Macaca mulatta ; Pandemics/veterinary ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an emergent, amphixenotic infection that resulted in a pandemic declaration in March 2020. A rapid search for appropriate animal models of this newly emergent viral respiratory disease focused initially on traditional nonhuman primate research species. Nonhuman primate models have previously been shown to be valuable in evaluation of emerging respiratory coronaviruses with pandemic potential (ie, SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus). In this article, we review the pulmonary histopathologic characteristics and immunohistochemical evaluation of experimental SARS-CoV-2 infection in the rhesus macaque, pigtail macaque, African green monkey, and squirrel monkey. Our results indicate that all evaluated nonhuman primate species developed variably severe histopathologic changes typical of coronavirus respiratory disease characterized by interstitial pneumonia with or without syncytial cell formation, alveolar fibrin, and pulmonary edema that progressed to type II pneumocyte hyperplasia. Lesion distribution was multifocal, frequently subpleural, and often more severe in lower lung lobes. However, squirrel monkeys showed the least severe and least consistent lesions of the evaluated nonhuman primates. Additionally, our results highlight the disparate physical relationship between viral antigen and foci of pulmonary lesions. While classic respiratory coronaviral lesions were observed in the lungs of all nonhuman primates evaluated, none of the primates exhibited severe lesions or evidence of diffuse alveolar damage and therefore are unlikely to represent the severe form of SARS-CoV-2 infection observed in fatal human cases.}, }
@article {pmid34896007, year = {2022}, author = {Turgutkaya, A and Bolaman, AZ and Yavaşoğlu, İ}, title = {COVID-19-associated Evans syndrome: A case report and review of the literature.}, journal = {Transfusion and apheresis science : official journal of the World Apheresis Association : official journal of the European Society for Haemapheresis}, volume = {61}, number = {3}, pages = {103339}, doi = {10.1016/j.transci.2021.103339}, pmid = {34896007}, issn = {1473-0502}, mesh = {*Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/complications/therapy ; *COVID-19/complications ; Humans ; *Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/complications/therapy ; *Thrombocytopenia/complications ; }, abstract = {Evans syndrome is a rare condition characterized by simultaneous or sequential development of autoimmune hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenia (and/or immune neutropenia). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may cause various hematologic conditions, such as coagulation abnormalities (e.g., bleeding or thrombosis) or cell count alterations (e.g., lymphopenia and neutrophilia). COVID-19 may also induce Evans syndrome via immune mechanisms. Here, we describe the case of a patient developing Evans syndrome shortly after COVID-19 infection. Immune thrombocytopenia and warm-type autoimmune hemolytic anemia developed simultaneously, and intravenous immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone were initially administered. Additionally, we intend to review all COVID-19-induced Evans syndrome cases currently present in the literature and emphasize the differences as well as the similarities regarding patient characteristics, relationship to COVID-19 infection, and treatment approach. Since autoimmune cytopenias are frequent in COVID-19 patients, clinicians should pay particular attention to profound and abrupt-onset cytopenias. In these circumstances, hemolysis markers such as lactate dehydrogenase, haptoglobulin, Coombs tests, etc. should be investigated, and the possibility of Evans syndrome should always be considered to ensure prompt and appropriate treatment. These factors are essential to ensure hematologic recovery and prevent complications such as thrombosis.}, }
@article {pmid34856819, year = {2022}, author = {Gruber, AD and Firsching, TC and Trimpert, J and Dietert, K}, title = {Hamster models of COVID-19 pneumonia reviewed: How human can they be?.}, journal = {Veterinary pathology}, volume = {59}, number = {4}, pages = {528-545}, doi = {10.1177/03009858211057197}, pmid = {34856819}, issn = {1544-2217}, mesh = {Animals ; *COVID-19/veterinary ; Cricetinae ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Lung ; Mesocricetus ; Mice ; Pandemics ; Respiratory System ; *Rodent Diseases ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {The dramatic global consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic soon fueled quests for a suitable model that would facilitate the development and testing of therapies and vaccines. In contrast to other rodents, hamsters are naturally susceptible to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) rapidly developed into a popular model. It recapitulates many characteristic features as seen in patients with a moderate, self-limiting course of the disease such as specific patterns of respiratory tract inflammation, vascular endothelialitis, and age dependence. Among 4 other hamster species examined, the Roborovski dwarf hamster (Phodopus roborovskii) more closely mimics the disease in highly susceptible patients with frequent lethal outcome, including devastating diffuse alveolar damage and coagulopathy. Thus, different hamster species are available to mimic different courses of the wide spectrum of COVID-19 manifestations in humans. On the other hand, fewer diagnostic tools and information on immune functions and molecular pathways are available than in mice, which limits mechanistic studies and inference to humans in several aspects. Still, under pandemic conditions with high pressure on progress in both basic and clinically oriented research, the Syrian hamster has turned into the leading non-transgenic model at an unprecedented pace, currently used in innumerable studies that all aim to combat the impact of the virus with its new variants of concern. As in other models, its strength rests upon a solid understanding of its similarities to and differences from the human disease, which we review here.}, }
@article {pmid34794359, year = {2022}, author = {Meyerholz, DK and Reznikov, LR}, title = {Influence of SARS-CoV-2 on airway mucus production: A review and proposed model.}, journal = {Veterinary pathology}, volume = {59}, number = {4}, pages = {578-585}, doi = {10.1177/03009858211058837}, pmid = {34794359}, issn = {1544-2217}, mesh = {Animals ; *COVID-19/veterinary ; Ferrets ; Mucus ; Pandemics/veterinary ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has affected millions of lives. Individuals who survive severe COVID-19 can experience sustained respiratory symptoms that persist for months after initial infection. In other airway diseases, abnormal airway mucus contributes to sustained airway symptoms. However, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on airway mucus has received limited attention. In the current review, we assess literature describing the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on airway pathophysiology with specific emphasis on mucus production. Accumulating evidence suggests that the 2 major secreted airway mucin glycoproteins, MUC5AC and MUC5B, are abnormal in some patients with COVID-19. Aberrations in MUC5AC or MUC5B in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection are likely due to inflammation, though the responsible mechanisms have yet to be determined. Thus, we also provide a proposed model highlighting mechanisms that can contribute to acute and sustained mucus abnormalities in SARS-CoV-2, with an emphasis on inflammatory cells and mediators, including mast cells and histamine. Last, we bring to light the challenges of studying abnormal mucus production in SARS-CoV-2 infections and discuss the strengths and limitations of model systems commonly used to study COVID-19. The evidence to date suggests that ferrets, nonhuman primates, and cats may have advantages over other models to investigate mucus in COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid34515000, year = {2022}, author = {Bhatt, A and Fatima, Z and Ruwali, M and Hameed, S}, title = {An Inventory of Diagnostic Tools for Detection of COVID-19.}, journal = {Current molecular medicine}, volume = {22}, number = {7}, pages = {608-620}, doi = {10.2174/1566524021666210910113714}, pmid = {34515000}, issn = {1875-5666}, mesh = {*COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19 Testing ; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; }, abstract = {The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-COV-2 has afflicted millions of lives globally and disrupted almost all the activities of mankind. Under such pressing circumstances when no effective therapeutics are available, a fast and accurate diagnosis of the coronavirus is the only way out to limit the transmission. Since the inception of COVID-19, the demand for diagnostic tests has increased day by day and RT-PCR is the commonly used screening test that is not only time-consuming but requires sophisticated resources. To address the increasing rate of spread of COVID-19, there is an urgent need for more diagnostic tools as the research on vaccines is still at a rudimentary level. This review summarizes an inventory of the diverse and currently available diagnostic methods based on nucleic acid and serology along with some of those working on novel principles viz. CRISPR, biosensors, and NGS. Additionally, accessible diagnostic kits that are already approved by the US and European authorities for the diagnosis of COVID-19 are also suggested that will help in selecting the most effective tests under the given scenario. Taken together, this review will pave way for further strengthening the research on the rapid and safer diagnostics of SARS-COV-2.}, }
@article {pmid35714820, year = {2022}, author = {Iranmanesh, M and Ghobakhloo, M and Nilashi, M and Tseng, ML and Senali, MG and Abbasi, GA}, title = {Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on household food waste behaviour: A systematic review.}, journal = {Appetite}, volume = {176}, number = {}, pages = {106127}, doi = {10.1016/j.appet.2022.106127}, pmid = {35714820}, issn = {1095-8304}, abstract = {Food waste has adverse economic, social, and environmental impacts and increases the prevalence of food insecurity. Panic buying at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak raised serious concerns about a potential rise in food waste levels and higher pressure on waste management systems. This article aims to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on food waste behaviour and the extent to which it occurs using the systematic review method. A total of 38 articles were identified and reviewed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The findings showed that the COVID-19 pandemic led to reductions in household food waste in most countries. Several changes in shopping and cooking behaviours, food consumption, and managing inventory and leftovers have occurred due to COVID-19. Based on these insights, we predicted that some desirable food-management habits would be retained, and others would roll back in the post-COVID-19 world. The review contributes to the food waste literature by offering a comprehensive overview of behavioural changes during the COVID-19 pandemic and future research directions.}, }
@article {pmid35714803, year = {2022}, author = {Ishak, A and Mehendale, M and AlRawashdeh, MM and Sestacovschi, C and Sharath, M and Pandav, K and Marzban, S}, title = {The association of COVID-19 severity and susceptibility and genetic risk factors: A systematic review of the literature.}, journal = {Gene}, volume = {836}, number = {}, pages = {146674}, doi = {10.1016/j.gene.2022.146674}, pmid = {35714803}, issn = {1879-0038}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is associated with several risk factors such as distinct ethnicities (genetic ancestry), races, sexes, age, pre-existing comorbidities, smoking, and genetics. The authors aim to evaluate the correlation between variability in the host genetics and the severity and susceptibility towards COVID-19 in this study.<br><br>METHODS: Following the PRISMA guidelines, we retrieved all the relevant articles published until September 15, 2021, from two online databases: PubMed and Scopus.<br><br>FINDINGS: High-risk HLA haplotypes, higher expression of ACE polymorphisms, and several genes of cellular proteases such as TMPRSS2, FURIN, TLL-1 increase the risk of susceptibility and severity of COVID-19. In addition, upregulation of several genes encoding for both innate and acquired immune systems proteins, mainly CCR5, IFNs, TLR, DPPs, and TNF, positively correlate with COVID-19 severity. However, reduced expression or polymorphisms in genes affecting TLR and IFNλ increase COVID-19 severity.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Higher expression, polymorphisms, mutations, and deletions of several genes are linked with the susceptibility, severity, and clinical outcomes of COVID-19. Early treatment and vaccination of individuals with genetic predisposition could help minimize the severity and mortality associated with COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid35714658, year = {2022}, author = {Munblit, D and Nicholson, T and Akrami, A and Apfelbacher, C and Chen, J and De Groote, W and Diaz, JV and Gorst, SL and Harman, N and Kokorina, A and Olliaro, P and Parr, C and Preller, J and Schiess, N and Schmitt, J and Seylanova, N and Simpson, F and Tong, A and Needham, DM and Williamson, PR and , }, title = {A core outcome set for post-COVID-19 condition in adults for use in clinical practice and research: an international Delphi consensus study.}, journal = {The Lancet. Respiratory medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00169-2}, pmid = {35714658}, issn = {2213-2619}, abstract = {Health consequences that persist beyond the acute infection phase of COVID-19, termed post-COVID-19 condition (also commonly known as long COVID), vary widely and represent a growing global health challenge. Research on post-COVID-19 condition is expanding but, at present, no agreement exists on the health outcomes that should be measured in people living with the condition. To address this gap, we conducted an international consensus study, which included a comprehensive literature review and classification of outcomes for post-COVID-19 condition that informed a two-round online modified Delphi process followed by an online consensus meeting to finalise the core outcome set (COS). 1535 participants from 71 countries were involved, with 1148 individuals participating in both Delphi rounds. Eleven outcomes achieved consensus for inclusion in the final COS: fatigue; pain; post-exertion symptoms; work or occupational and study changes; survival; and functioning, symptoms, and conditions for each of cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous system, cognitive, mental health, and physical outcomes. Recovery was included a priori because it was a relevant outcome that was part of a previously published COS on COVID-19. The next step in this COS development exercise will be to establish the instruments that are most appropriate to measure these core outcomes. This international consensus-based COS should provide a framework for standardised assessment of adults with post-COVID-19 condition, aimed at facilitating clinical care and research worldwide.}, }
@article {pmid35714572, year = {2022}, author = {Kashif, A and Rehman, R and Fuwad, A and Shahid, MK and Dayarathne, HNP and Jamal, A and Aftab, MN and Mainali, B and Choi, Y}, title = {Current advances in the classification, production, properties and applications of microbial biosurfactants - A critical review.}, journal = {Advances in colloid and interface science}, volume = {306}, number = {}, pages = {102718}, doi = {10.1016/j.cis.2022.102718}, pmid = {35714572}, issn = {1873-3727}, abstract = {This review discusses the classification, characteristics, and applications of biosurfactants. The biosynthesis pathways for different classes of biosurfactants are reviewed. An in-depth analysis of reported research is carried out emphasizing the synthetic pathways, culture media compositions, and influencing factors on production yield of biosurfactants. The environmental, pharmaceutical, industrial, and other applications of biosurfactants are discussed in detail. A special attention is given to the biosurfactants application in combating the pandemic COVID-19. It is found that biosurfactant production from waste materials can play a significant role in enhancing circular bioeconomy and environmental sustainability. This review also details the life cycle assessment methodologies for the production and applications of biosurfactants. Finally, the current status and limitations of biosurfactant research are discussed and the potential areas are highlighted for future research and development. This review will be helpful in selecting the best available technology for biosynthesis and application of particular biosurfactant under specific conditions.}, }
@article {pmid35713850, year = {2022}, author = {Ahmed, N and Azra, MN}, title = {Aquaculture Production and Value Chains in the COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {Current environmental health reports}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35713850}, issn = {2196-5412}, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to summarize the impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on aquaculture input supply, production, distribution, and consumption.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: The COVID-19 pandemic-related lockdowns, social distancing, supply chain disruptions, and transport restrictions affect seafood production, distribution, marketing, and consumption. Recommendations are suggested to overcome these challenges. The COVID-19 has led to disruption of aquaculture practices worldwide. The pandemic has adversely affected the aquaculture input supply of fish stocking and feeding, which, in turn, has impacted aquaculture production. Moreover, the COVID-19 crisis has had adverse effects on value addition to aquaculture products, through the restrictions of seafood marketing and exporting. Aquatic food production is vulnerable to the effects of COVID-19 outbreak; hence, adaptation strategies must be developed to cope with the challenges. There is an urgent need for collaboration among key stakeholders to rebuild the supply chain of inputs and fish marketing for sustainable aquaculture practices. International agencies, donors, government and non-governmental organizations, researchers, and policymakers need to develop policies to support aquaculture production and supply chains.}, }
@article {pmid35713300, year = {2022}, author = {Hirsch, C and Park, YS and Piechotta, V and Chai, KL and Estcourt, LJ and Monsef, I and Salomon, S and Wood, EM and So-Osman, C and McQuilten, Z and Spinner, CD and Malin, JJ and Stegemann, M and Skoetz, N and Kreuzberger, N}, title = {SARS-CoV-2-neutralising monoclonal antibodies to prevent COVID-19.}, journal = {The Cochrane database of systematic reviews}, volume = {6}, number = {}, pages = {CD014945}, pmid = {35713300}, issn = {1469-493X}, mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; *Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are laboratory-produced molecules derived from the B cells of an infected host. They are being investigated as potential prophylaxis to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).<br><br>OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of SARS-CoV-2-neutralising mAbs, including mAb fragments, to prevent infection with SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19; and to maintain the currency of the evidence, using a living systematic review approach.<br><br>SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, MEDLINE, Embase, and three other databases on 27 April 2022. We checked references, searched citations, and contacted study authors to identify additional studies.<br><br>SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated SARS-CoV-2-neutralising mAbs, including mAb fragments, alone or combined, versus an active comparator, placebo, or no intervention, for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) of COVID-19. We excluded studies of SARS-CoV-2-neutralising mAbs to treat COVID-19, as these are part of another review.<br><br>DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently assessed search results, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using Cochrane RoB 2. Prioritised outcomes were infection with SARS-CoV-2, development of clinical COVID-19 symptoms, all-cause mortality, admission to hospital, quality of life, adverse events (AEs), and serious adverse events (SAEs). We rated the certainty of evidence using GRADE.<br><br>MAIN RESULTS: We included four RCTs of 9749 participants who were previously uninfected and unvaccinated at baseline. Median age was 42 to 76 years. Around 20% to 77.5% of participants in the PrEP studies and 35% to 100% in the PEP studies had at least one risk factor for severe COVID-19. At baseline, 72.8% to 82.2% were SARS-CoV-2 antibody seronegative. We identified four ongoing studies, and two studies awaiting classification. Pre-exposure prophylaxis Tixagevimab/cilgavimab versus placebo One study evaluated tixagevimab/cilgavimab versus placebo in participants exposed to SARS-CoV-2 wild-type, Alpha, Beta, and Delta variant. About 39.3% of participants were censored for efficacy due to unblinding and 13.8% due to vaccination. Within six months, tixagevimab/cilgavimab probably decreases infection with SARS-CoV-2 (risk ratio (RR) 0.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29 to 0.70; 4685 participants; moderate-certainty evidence), decreases development of clinical COVID-19 symptoms (RR 0.18, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.35; 5172 participants; high-certainty evidence), and may decrease admission to hospital (RR 0.03, 95% CI 0 to 0.59; 5197 participants; low-certainty evidence). Tixagevimab/cilgavimab may result in little to no difference on mortality within six months, all-grade AEs, and SAEs (low-certainty evidence). Quality of life was not reported. Casirivimab/imdevimab versus placebo One study evaluated casirivimab/imdevimab versus placebo in participants who may have been exposed to SARS-CoV-2 wild-type, Alpha, and Delta variant. About 36.5% of participants opted for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and had a mean of 66.1 days between last dose of intervention and vaccination. Within six months, casirivimab/imdevimab may decrease infection with SARS-CoV-2 (RR 0.01, 95% CI 0 to 0.14; 825 seronegative participants; low-certainty evidence) and may decrease development of clinical COVID-19 symptoms (RR 0.02, 95% CI 0 to 0.27; 969 participants; low-certainty evidence). We are uncertain whether casirivimab/imdevimab affects mortality regardless of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody serostatus. Casirivimab/imdevimab may increase all-grade AEs slightly (RR 1.14, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.31; 969 participants; low-certainty evidence). The evidence is very uncertain about the effects on grade 3 to 4 AEs and SAEs within six months. Admission to hospital and quality of life were not reported. Postexposure prophylaxis Bamlanivimab versus placebo One study evaluated bamlanivimab versus placebo in participants who may have been exposed to SARS-CoV-2 wild-type. Bamlanivimab probably decreases infection with SARS-CoV-2 versus placebo by day 29 (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.98; 966 participants; moderate-certainty evidence), may result in little to no difference on all-cause mortality by day 60 (R 0.83, 95% CI 0.25 to 2.70; 966 participants; low-certainty evidence), may increase all-grade AEs by week eight (RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.46; 966 participants; low-certainty evidence), and may increase slightly SAEs (RR 1.46, 95% CI 0.73 to 2.91; 966 participants; low-certainty evidence). Development of clinical COVID-19 symptoms, admission to hospital within 30 days, and quality of life were not reported. Casirivimab/imdevimab versus placebo One study evaluated casirivimab/imdevimab versus placebo in participants who may have been exposed to SARS-CoV-2 wild-type, Alpha, and potentially, but less likely to Delta variant. Within 30 days, casirivimab/imdevimab decreases infection with SARS-CoV-2 (RR 0.34, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.48; 1505 participants; high-certainty evidence), development of clinical COVID-19 symptoms (broad-term definition) (RR 0.19, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.35; 1505 participants; high-certainty evidence), may result in little to no difference on mortality (RR 3.00, 95% CI 0.12 to 73.43; 1505 participants; low-certainty evidence), and may result in little to no difference in admission to hospital. Casirivimab/imdevimab may slightly decrease grade 3 to 4 AEs (RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.24 to 1.02; 2617 participants; low-certainty evidence), decreases all-grade AEs (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.80; 2617 participants; high-certainty evidence), and may result in little to no difference on SAEs in participants regardless of SARS-CoV-2 antibody serostatus. Quality of life was not reported.<br><br>AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: For PrEP, there is a decrease in development of clinical COVID-19 symptoms (high certainty), infection with SARS-CoV-2 (moderate certainty), and admission to hospital (low certainty) with tixagevimab/cilgavimab. There is low certainty of a decrease in infection with SARS-CoV-2, and development of clinical COVID-19 symptoms; and a higher rate for all-grade AEs with casirivimab/imdevimab. For PEP, there is moderate certainty of a decrease in infection with SARS-CoV-2 and low certainty for a higher rate for all-grade AEs with bamlanivimab. There is high certainty of a decrease in infection with SARS-CoV-2, development of clinical COVID-19 symptoms, and a higher rate for all-grade AEs with casirivimab/imdevimab. Although there is high-to-moderate certainty evidence for some outcomes, it is insufficient to draw meaningful conclusions. These findings only apply to people unvaccinated against COVID-19. They are only applicable to the variants prevailing during the study and not other variants (e.g. Omicron). In vitro, tixagevimab/cilgavimab is effective against Omicron, but there are no clinical data. Bamlanivimab and casirivimab/imdevimab are ineffective against Omicron in vitro. Further studies are needed and publication of four ongoing studies may resolve the uncertainties.}, }
@article {pmid35713185, year = {2022}, author = {Do, T and Guran, R and Adam, V and Zitka, O}, title = {Use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for virus identification: a review.}, journal = {The Analyst}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1039/d2an00431c}, pmid = {35713185}, issn = {1364-5528}, abstract = {The coronavirus pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) directly or indirectly affects every individual worldwide. The fight against SARS-CoV-2 is based on the rapid and accurate diagnosis and subsequent isolation of infected individuals. Therefore, the demands for the scientific development of diagnostic methods for the confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 are enormous. Currently, reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is the main method used for detecting viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, and is considered the gold standard for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) identification. However, various alternatives have been investigated due to the time and cost demands of this method or to shortages of reagents. In this review, we focus on matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionisation with time-of-flight analyser mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) techniques as potential tools for the diagnosis of viruses with an emphasis on SARS-CoV-2. MALDI-TOF is commonly used in clinical laboratories for bacterial characterization and identification, but in the field of clinical virology, MALDI-TOF remains only a promising technology for routine diagnosis. This review provides an overview of the development of clinical virology from the point of view of using MALDI-TOF for virus identification and as a possible diagnostic tool for SARS-CoV-2 detection. In addition, this review summarizes the current state of standard methods for virus diagnostics including the preparation of clinical samples.}, }
@article {pmid35712343, year = {2022}, author = {Idehen, JB and Kazi, U and Quainoo-Acquah, JA and Sperry, B and Zaman, I and Goodarzi, A and Chida, S and Nalbandyan, L and Hernandez, EW and Sharma, V and Mulume, R and Okoh, OM and Okonkwo, I and Harrison, H and Soetan, OT and Iqbal, R and Lesniowska, MK and Baloch, AH and Jolayemi, A}, title = {On Patterns of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Case Reports.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {14}, number = {5}, pages = {e25004}, doi = {10.7759/cureus.25004}, pmid = {35712343}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has various neuropsychiatric manifestations, including psychotic, mood, anxiety disorders, trauma-related disorders, and cognitive disorders, such as delirium. Although the psychosocial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic contribute to an increase in psychiatric comorbidities, the COVID-19 virus is also an independent risk factor. Previous studies have revealed that the virus can invade the neural tissue, which causes an imbalance of neurotransmitters that cause neuropsychiatric symptoms. The aim of this article is to conduct a systematic review to determine the patterns of neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19, discussing the frequency and its impact on pre-existing psychiatric disorders. Thirty-nine case reports were collected and analyzed for a systematic review. They were full-text, peer-reviewed journal publications from November 2020 to February 2021. Fifty-three patients were included in our study. The most frequent symptom was abnormal/bizarre behavior (50.9%), followed by agitation/aggression (49.1%), and the third most common was altered mental status and delirium (47.2%). Only 48% of our patients had a pre-existing psychiatric disorder, including three not formally diagnosed but displayed psychiatric symptoms prior to the COVID-19 infection. Findings suggest a positive correlation of new-onset psychiatric symptoms with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, the exact pathophysiology of the virus itself causing neuropsychiatric manifestations needs to be investigated further.}, }
@article {pmid35712302, year = {2022}, author = {Khalid, S and Usmani, BA and Siddiqi, S}, title = {COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Pakistan: A Mini Review of the Published Discourse.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {841842}, doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2022.841842}, pmid = {35712302}, issn = {2296-2565}, mesh = {*Biomedical Research ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Humans ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; Vaccination Hesitancy ; }, abstract = {This minireview provides a summary of the main findings, features, as well as limitations and gaps in the current epidemiologic research on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (VH) in Pakistani population. For this purpose, data on VH studies were extracted from January 2020 to October 2021, using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. Literature review and other narrative studies were excluded. There exists a significant heterogeneity in the reported vaccine hesitancy in the population (pooled estimates from random-effects meta-analysis: 35% (95% CI, 28-43%). However, none of the co-variables included in the studies explained the observed variance/heterogeneity in the moderator analysis models. In this minireview and critical appraisal of current VH research, we conclude that an in-depth analysis of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in a representative sample of Pakistani population is crucial to measure the magnitude of VH as well to explore and identify the determinants of VH in Pakistani population. This is an important step toward informing intervention and policy design and to address this issue at its root cause. To this end, focused, methodologically robust and hypothesis-driven VH research is needed using a wide range of co-variables to support a detailed coverage of the individual and environmental level VH attributes.}, }
@article {pmid35712235, year = {2022}, author = {Wu, Y and Zhang, X and Wang, Z and Xia, X}, title = {Can We Cryopreserve the Sperm of COVID-19 Patients During the Pandemic?.}, journal = {Frontiers in endocrinology}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {753267}, doi = {10.3389/fendo.2022.753267}, pmid = {35712235}, issn = {1664-2392}, mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology/therapy ; Cryopreservation/methods ; Humans ; Male ; Pandemics ; *Semen Preservation ; Spermatozoa ; }, abstract = {An extreme strain has been placed on healthcare facilities in the COVID-19 era. Initial stage of the pandemic, national and international societies for reproductive medicine suggested the suspension of new IVF treatments and non-essential cryopreservation of gametes. Accordingly, the demands of cryopreservation of semen with COVID-19 patients also was suspended by some of cryobanks to protect staff and patients from unnecessary viral exposure at the acute stage. However, the pandemic may stay with us longer than expected. In addition, there will be some male COVID-19 patients with cancer or critically illness who needs to cryopreserve their semen before medical treatments, otherwise they might loss the chance of getting their own offspring. In this document, we summarize available evidence to deepen and expand awareness of feasibility of sperm cryopreservation and propose some suggestions to help cryobanks carry out sperm preservation procedure for COVID-19 male patients.}, }
@article {pmid35712219, year = {2022}, author = {Prasetyo, A and Gartika, D and Hartopo, A and Harwijayanti, BP and Sukamsi, S and Fahlevi, M}, title = {Capacity Development of Local Service Organizations Through Regional Innovation in Papua, Indonesia After the COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {912692}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2022.912692}, pmid = {35712219}, issn = {1664-1078}, abstract = {This study aims to identify and describe the regional innovations produced in Keerom Regency, Papua Province, Indonesia after the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, to analyze integrated regional service capacity indicators with a special focus on organizational performance indicators in integrated units that can be measured quantitatively and simply. In addition, to create an understanding of organizational performance in geographic areas. The method approach uses a mixed-methods description to tell the results of the study. Secondary data were analyzed in the form of innovation proposals for as many as 108 regional innovations. The analysis used adopts local service capacity which was developed with additional indicators of innovation. Local Service Indicators used to consist of Leadership and Governance, Structure and System, Human Resources, Financial Management, Program Management, Monitoring and Evaluation Plan, Partnerships, External Relations and Networks, Knowledge Management, and Organizational Innovation. Local services are built using spreadsheet tools to make the process easier to use. The result is that organizational services in regional innovation as a whole still reach a score of 52% on a 100% scale giving the result that organizational services have been carried out amid the limitations of local governments which are characterized by limited knowledge needed, not yet optimally prepared programs, low organizational acceleration. For regional innovation, the harmonization process between planning, evaluation, and monitoring is not yet optimal.}, }
@article {pmid35712139, year = {2022}, author = {Shaikh, UU and Asif, Z}, title = {Persistence and Dropout in Higher Online Education: Review and Categorization of Factors.}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {902070}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2022.902070}, pmid = {35712139}, issn = {1664-1078}, abstract = {Online learning is becoming more popular with the maturity of social and educational technologies. In the COVID-19 era, it has become one of the most utilized ways to continue academic pursuits. Despite the ease and benefits offered by online classes, their completion rates are surprisingly low. Although several past studies focused on online dropout rates, institutions and course providers are still searching for a solution to this alarming problem. It is mainly because the previous studies have used divergent frameworks and approaches. Based on empirical research since 2001, this study presents a comprehensive review of factors by synthesizing them into a logically cohesive and integrative framework. Using different combinations of terms related to persistence and dropout, the authors explored various databases to form a pool of past research on the subject. This collection was also enhanced using the snowball approach. The authors only selected empirical, peer-reviewed, and contextually relevant studies, shortlisting them by reading through the abstracts. The Constant Comparative Method (CCM) seems ideal for this research. The authors employed axial coding to explore the relationships among factors, and selective coding helped identify the core categories. The categorical arrangement of factors will give researchers valuable insights into the combined effects of factors that impact persistence and dropout decisions. It will also direct future research to critically examine the relationships among factors and suggest improvements by validating them empirically. We anticipate that this research will enable future researchers to apply the results in different scenarios and contexts related to online learning.}, }
@article {pmid35712114, year = {2022}, author = {Lu, S and Huang, X and Liu, R and Lan, Y and Lei, Y and Zeng, F and Tang, X and He, H}, title = {Comparison of COVID-19 Induced Respiratory Failure and Typical ARDS: Similarities and Differences.}, journal = {Frontiers in medicine}, volume = {9}, number = {}, pages = {829771}, doi = {10.3389/fmed.2022.829771}, pmid = {35712114}, issn = {2296-858X}, abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a predominantly respiratory infectious disease caused by novel coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2), respiratory failure is the main clinical manifestation and the leading cause of death. Even though it can meet the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Berlin definition, only some clinical features of COVID-19 are consistent with typical ARDS, and which has its own peculiar phenotypes. When compared with typical ARDS, in addition to the typical diffuse alveolar injury, COVID-19 has unique pathological and pathophysiological features, such as endothelial injury, extensive microthrombus, and pulmonary capillary hyperplasia. The clinical features of patients with respiratory failure caused by COVID-19 are heterogeneous and can be generally divided into two phenotypes: progressive respiratory distress and unique "silent hypoxemia". The "H-type" characteristics of reduced lung volume, decreased lung compliance, and unmatched ventilator-perfusion ratio. While some patients may have close to normal lung compliance, that is "L-type". Identifying the exact phenotype in whom are suffered with COVID-19 is crucial to guide clinicians to adopt appropriate treatment strategies. This review discussed the similarities and differences in the pathogenesis, pathophysiology, clinical features and treatment strategies of COVID-19 induced acute respiratory failure and typical ARDS.}, }
@article {pmid35711867, year = {2022}, author = {Gogia, P and Ashraf, H and Bhasin, S and Frenia, D}, title = {Exploring Data and Literature Currently Available on the COVID-19 Vaccines.}, journal = {Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {7-12}, doi = {10.55729/2000-9666.1001}, pmid = {35711867}, issn = {2000-9666}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has been labeled one of the most lethal pandemics in human history. As a result, there has been a high level of urgency throughout the world to establish successful vaccinations to subdue the effects of the virus and return to a level of normalcy. This study aims to investigate the different COVID-19 vaccines available both in the United States and across the globe. Through exploration of how the vaccines were developed, how they elicit immunity, their efficacy, and their safety profiles, this review has the goal of increasing the amount of knowledge regarding the vaccines available to combat SARS-CoV-2, while also providing an epidemiological and biostatistical approach to interpreting acquired data available on the vaccines.}, }
@article {pmid35711624, year = {2022}, author = {Reis, RM and Carlo, HL and Dos Santos, RL and Sabella, FM and Parisotto, TM and de Carvalho, FG}, title = {Possible Relationship Between the Oral and Gut Microbiome, Caries Development, and Obesity in Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {Frontiers in oral health}, volume = {3}, number = {}, pages = {887765}, doi = {10.3389/froh.2022.887765}, pmid = {35711624}, issn = {2673-4842}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has brought health damage and socioeconomic disruptions, together with lifestyle disorders around the world. Children are one of the most commonly affected, mainly due to social isolation and changes in eating habits and physical activities. This way, the risk of weight gain and obesity is possibly enhanced, as well as poor oral hygiene conditions and early childhood caries (ECC) development during the lockdown. In children under 6 years of age, ECC is defined as carious lesions in one or more primary teeth, with or without cavitation. Importantly, alterations in the oral microbiome caused by changes in children lifestyles have much more than a local impact on oral tissues, interplaying with the gut microbiome and influencing systemic environments. Recent studies have been exploring the oral health conditions, eating habits, and weight gain in the childhood population during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, there is a lack of information concerning the association among oral and gut microbiome, dental caries, and obesity in the COVID-19 era. In this context, this review aimed at analyzing a possible relationship between the oral and gut microbiome, caries, and obesity in children during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid35711466, year = {2022}, author = {Bigdelou, B and Sepand, MR and Najafikhoshnoo, S and Negrete, JAT and Sharaf, M and Ho, JQ and Sullivan, I and Chauhan, P and Etter, M and Shekarian, T and Liang, O and Hutter, G and Esfandiarpour, R and Zanganeh, S}, title = {COVID-19 and Preexisting Comorbidities: Risks, Synergies, and Clinical Outcomes.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {890517}, doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.890517}, pmid = {35711466}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology ; Communicable Disease Control ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Quarantine ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated symptoms, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), have rapidly spread worldwide, resulting in the declaration of a pandemic. When several countries began enacting quarantine and lockdown policies, the pandemic as it is now known truly began. While most patients have minimal symptoms, approximately 20% of verified subjects are suffering from serious medical consequences. Co-existing diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and others, have been shown to make patients more vulnerable to severe outcomes from COVID-19 by modulating host-viral interactions and immune responses, causing severe infection and mortality. In this review, we outline the putative signaling pathways at the interface of COVID-19 and several diseases, emphasizing the clinical and molecular implications of concurring diseases in COVID-19 clinical outcomes. As evidence is limited on co-existing diseases and COVID-19, most findings are preliminary, and further research is required for optimal management of patients with comorbidities.}, }
@article {pmid35711421, year = {2022}, author = {Pang, Z and Hu, R and Tian, L and Lou, F and Chen, Y and Wang, S and He, S and Zhu, S and An, X and Song, L and Liu, F and Tong, Y and Fan, H}, title = {Overview of Breastfeeding Under COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {896068}, doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.896068}, pmid = {35711421}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {Antibodies, Viral ; Breast Feeding ; *COVID-19 ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Lactation ; *Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; Pregnancy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {During the global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), pregnant and lactating women are at higher risk of infection. The potential of viral intrauterine transmission and vertical transmission by breastfeeding has raised wide concerns. Breastmilk is rich in nutrients that contribute to infant growth and development, and reduce the incidence rate of infant illness and death, as well as inhibit pathogens significantly, and protect infants from infection. Although it is controversial whether mothers infected with COVID-19 should continue to breastfeed, many countries and international organizations have provided recommendations and guidance for breastfeeding. This review presents the risks and benefits of breastfeeding for mothers infected with COVID-19, and the reasons for the absence of SARS-CoV-2 active virus in human milk. In addition, the antiviral mechanisms of nutrients in breastmilk, the levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies in breastmilk from COVID-19 infected mothers and vaccinated mothers are also summarized and discussed, aiming to provide some support and recommendations for both lactating mothers and infants to better deal with the COVID-19 pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid35711362, year = {2022}, author = {Sharma, K and Patel, Z and Patel, S and Patel, K and Dabhi, S and Doshi, J and Amdani, M and Shah, D and Patel, D and Konat, A}, title = {Repostioning of Telemedicine in Cardiovascular World Post-COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine}, volume = {9}, number = {}, pages = {910802}, doi = {10.3389/fcvm.2022.910802}, pmid = {35711362}, issn = {2297-055X}, abstract = {Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine is a quickest expanding service solution to provide improved access to sophisticated healthcare that is efficient, cost-effective, and time-consuming.<br><br>Methods: This analysis is evaluated on the basis of several studies that look at the history, benefits, various techniques, challenges, uses, and impact of telemedicine in the treatment of heart failure and cardiac rehabilitation as during COVID-19 outbreak.<br><br>Results: Patients avoided or refused medical treatment during COVID-19 pandemic despite the risk of illness and the threat of infections spreading. Telemedicine has become a non-traditional form of care delivery due to better access and high-end technologies such as virtual consultations, face-to-face video, smartphone visits, two-way text communication, distant patient history, and distal characteristic assessment. Remote monitoring can help manage cardiovascular disease risk factors and increase patient participation in blood pressure, heart failure data, and workout or other activity progress.<br><br>Conclusion: Based on the findings of past studies, we can infer that telemedicine is still an emerging subject in the treatment and management of cardiovascular disease. Telemedicine and similar technologies will also revolutionize healthcare services by expanding their reach and providing a big pool of database for better research and analysis.}, }
@article {pmid35711340, year = {2022}, author = {Feng, L and Fu, S and Zhang, P and Yao, Y and Feng, Z and Zhao, Y and Luo, L}, title = {How Should Anesthesiologists Face Coronavirus Disease 2019?.}, journal = {Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine}, volume = {9}, number = {}, pages = {890967}, doi = {10.3389/fcvm.2022.890967}, pmid = {35711340}, issn = {2297-055X}, abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease. Most infected patients manifest mild flu-like symptoms, but in some cases, the patients rapidly develop severe lung infections and pneumonia. It is estimated that about 15-20% of patients with COVID-19 develop hypoxemia and require some form of oxygen therapy and ventilation support. Further, exacerbation of the disease usually requires an emergency tracheal intubation, where the patients are more prone to coughing and aerosol diffusion, placing the anesthesiologist at an extremely high risk of infection. In this review, after a brief introduction to the epidemiology and pathogenesis of the COVID-19, we describe various recommendations that the anesthesiologists should employ to avoid the chances of infection during the management of severely ill patients. We describe key steps such as not removing the patient's mask prematurely and using sedatives, analgesics, and muscle relaxants for rapid and orderly intubation. The use of spinal cord and regional nerve block anesthesia should also be promoted to avoid general anesthesia. Since the patients with COVID-19 may also have disorders related to other parts of the body (other than lungs), short-acting drugs are recommended to actively maintain the perfusion pressure of the peripheral and important organs without metabolism of the drugs by the liver and kidney. Multimodal analgesia is advocated, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic drugs can be used appropriately. In this review, we also discuss key studies and experiences of anesthesiologists from China, highlights research findings, and inform on the proper management of patients with perspective on anesthesiologists.}, }
@article {pmid35710950, year = {2022}, author = {Guerrini, G and Magrì, D and Gioria, S and Medaglini, D and Calzolai, L}, title = {Characterization of nanoparticles-based vaccines for COVID-19.}, journal = {Nature nanotechnology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35710950}, issn = {1748-3395}, support = {730694//EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020)/ ; }, abstract = {Several vaccines against COVID-19 use nanoparticles to protect the antigen cargo (either proteins or nucleic acids), increase the immunogenicity and ultimately the efficacy. The characterization of these nanomedicines is challenging due to their intrinsic complexity and requires the use of multidisciplinary techniques and competencies. The accurate characterization of nanovaccines can be conceptualized as a combination of physicochemical, immunological and toxicological assays. This will help to address key challenges in the preclinical characterization, will guide the rapid development of safe and effective vaccines for current and future health crises, and will streamline the regulatory process.}, }
@article {pmid35705969, year = {2022}, author = {Tian, F and Yang, R}, title = {Safety and Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccines in Children and Adolescents: a Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.}, journal = {Journal of medical virology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/jmv.27940}, pmid = {35705969}, issn = {1096-9071}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To systematically review and synthesize the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in children and adolescents.<br><br>METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library databases, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR) and ClinicalTrials.gov website were searched to collect accessible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about the safety and efficacy of human COVID-19 vaccines in children and adolescents until May 1, 2022. Three steps, including duplicate removal, title and abstract screening and full-text review, were used to screen the studies. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for RCTs was used to assess the bias risk of the included studies. Microsoft Excel 16.57 (2021) software was used for data extraction and analysis. (PROSPERO Code No: CRD42021295422).<br><br>RESULTS: COVID-19 vaccines were evaluated in a total of 10950 children and adolescents in 7 published studies and over 49530 participants in 26 ongoing randomized controlled trials. Descriptive findings of the included published studies were reported stratified by vaccine type. The overall, local and systemic adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) reported in most trials were similar between the vaccine and placebo groups. Most of the reactions reported were mild to moderate, whereas a few were severe. The common adverse events were injection-site pain, fever, headache cough, fatigue, and muscle pain. Few clinical trials reported serious adverse events, but most of them were unrelated to vaccination. In terms of efficacy, the investigated mRNA vaccine was found to be 90.7%-100% efficacious in preventing COVID-19 among children and adolescents, revealing good efficacy profiles in this age group.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Among children and adolescents, the safety of current COVID-19 vaccines is acceptable, and studies have suggested that mRNA vaccines can provide high protection against COVID-19 infection in pediatric age groups. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid35705931, year = {2022}, author = {Zhao, Y and Leach, LS and Walsh, E and Batterham, PJ and Calear, AL and Phillips, C and Olsen, A and Doan, T and LaBond, C and Banwell, C}, title = {COVID-19 and mental health in Australia - a scoping review.}, journal = {BMC public health}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, pages = {1200}, pmid = {35705931}, issn = {1471-2458}, mesh = {Adolescent ; Australia/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; Indigenous Peoples ; Mental Health ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 outbreak has spread to almost every country around the world and caused more than 3 million deaths. The pandemic has triggered enormous disruption in people's daily lives with profound impacts globally. This has also been the case in Australia, despite the country's comparative low mortality and physical morbidity due to the virus. This scoping review aims to provide a broad summary of the research activity focused on mental health during the first 10 months of the pandemic in Australia.<br><br>RESULTS: A search of the Australian literature was conducted between August-November 2020 to capture published scientific papers, online reports and pre-prints, as well as gaps in research activities. The search identified 228 unique records in total. Twelve general population and 30 subpopulation group studies were included in the review.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Few studies were able to confidently report changes in mental health driven by the COVID-19 context (at the population or sub-group level) due to a lack of pre-COVID comparative data and non-representative sampling. Never-the-less, in aggregate, the findings show an increase in poor mental health over the early period of 2020. Results suggest that young people, those with pre-existing mental health conditions, and the financially disadvantaged, experienced greater declines in mental health. The need for rapid research appears to have left some groups under-researched (e.g. Culturally and Linguistically Diverse populations and Indigenous peoples were not studied), and some research methods under-employed (e.g. there was a lack of qualitative and mixed-methods studies). There is a need for further reviews as the follow-up results of longitudinal studies emerge and understandings of the impact of the pandemic are refined.}, }
@article {pmid35705765, year = {2022}, author = {Girela-Serrano, BM and Spiers, ADV and Ruotong, L and Gangadia, S and Toledano, MB and Di Simplicio, M}, title = {Impact of mobile phones and wireless devices use on children and adolescents' mental health: a systematic review.}, journal = {European child &amp; adolescent psychiatry}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35705765}, issn = {1435-165X}, support = {MR/R015732/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; }, abstract = {Growing use of mobiles phones (MP) and other wireless devices (WD) has raised concerns about their possible effects on children and adolescents' wellbeing. Understanding whether these technologies affect children and adolescents' mental health in positive or detrimental ways has become more urgent following further increase in use since the COVID-19 outbreak. To review the empirical evidence on associations between use of MP/WD and mental health in children and adolescents. A systematic review of literature was carried out on Medline, Embase and PsycINFO for studies published prior to July 15th 2019, PROSPERO ID: CRD42019146750. 25 observational studies published between January 1st 2011 and 2019 were reviewed (ten were cohort studies, 15 were cross-sectional). Overall estimated participant mean age and proportion female were 14.6 years and 47%, respectively. Substantial between-study heterogeneity in design and measurement of MP/WD usage and mental health outcomes limited our ability to infer general conclusions. Observed effects differed depending on time and type of MP/WD usage. We found suggestive but limited evidence that greater use of MP/WD may be associated with poorer mental health in children and adolescents. Risk of bias was rated as 'high' for 16 studies, 'moderate' for five studies and 'low' for four studies. More high-quality longitudinal studies and mechanistic research are needed to clarify the role of sleep and of type of MP/WD use (e.g. social media) on mental health trajectories in children and adolescents.}, }
@article {pmid35705439, year = {2022}, author = {Akash, K and Sharma, A and Kumar, D and Singh, SK and Gupta, G and Chellappan, DK and Dua, K and Nagraik, R}, title = {MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF OMICRON, VACCINE DEVELOPMENT AND RECOMBINANT STRAIN XE: A REVIEW.}, journal = {Journal of medical virology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/jmv.27936}, pmid = {35705439}, issn = {1096-9071}, abstract = {The global pandemic of COVID-19 began in December 2019 and is still continuing. The past 2 years have seen the emergence of several variants that were more vicious than each other. The emergence of Omicron (B.1.1.529) proved to be a huge epidemiological concern as the rate of infection of this particular strain was enormous. The strain was identified in South Africa on November 24, 2021 and was classified as a 'Variant of Concern' on November 26, 2021. The Omicron variant possessed mutations in the key RBD region, the S region, thereby increasing the affinity of ACE2 for better transmission of the virus. Antibody resistance was found in this variant and it was able to reduce vaccine efficiency of vaccines. The need for a booster vaccine was brought forth due to the prevalence of the Omicron variant and, subsequently, this led to targeted research and development of variant-specific vaccines and booster dosage. This review discusses broadly the genomic characters and features of Omicron along with its specific mutations, evolution, antibody resistance, and evasion, utilization of CRISPR-Cas12a assay for Omicron detection, T-cell immunity elicited by vaccines against Omicron, and strategies to decrease Omicron infection along with COVID-19 and it also discusses on XE recombinant variant and on infectivity of BA.2 subvariant of Omicron. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid35705437, year = {2022}, author = {Morais, A and Bugalho, A and Drummond, M and Ferreira, AJ and Oliveira, AS and Sousa, S and Winck, JC and Cardoso, J}, title = {Teleconsultation in respiratory medicine - A position paper of the Portuguese Pulmonology Society.}, journal = {Pulmonology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.pulmoe.2022.04.007}, pmid = {35705437}, issn = {2531-0437}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic crisis, among so many social, economic and health problems, also brought new opportunities. The potential of telemedicine to improve health outcomes had already been recognised in the last decades, but the pandemic crisis has accelerated the digital revolution. In 2020, a rapid increase in the use of remote consultations occurred due to the need to reduce attendance and overcrowding in outpatient clinics. However, the benefit of their use extends beyond the pandemic crisis, as an important tool to improve both the efficiency and capacity of future healthcare systems. This article reviews the literature regarding telemedicine and teleconsultation standards and recommendations, collects opinions of Portuguese experts in respiratory medicine and provides guidance in teleconsultation practices for Pulmonologists.}, }
@article {pmid35710286, year = {2022}, author = {Nayak, KR and Maves, RC and Henry, TD}, title = {Management Principles for the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory During the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Pandemic.}, journal = {Interventional cardiology clinics}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {325-338}, doi = {10.1016/j.iccl.2022.03.005}, pmid = {35710286}, issn = {2211-7466}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Humans ; *Myocardial Infarction ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious pathogen resulting in the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic with direct impact on cardiac catheterization laboratory (CCL) operations. Initially, major challenges in limiting the spread of aerosolized pathogens existed until protocols were implemented to limit infectivity to staff and patients. COVID-19 increases the risk of myocardial infarctions and cardiogenic shock requiring acute management in the CCL. In this review, we specify best practices in the CCL for the management of infected patients in the preprocedure, intraprocedure, and postprocedure environments harmonizing available evidence, recommendations from international heart associations, and consensus opinion.}, }
@article {pmid35710272, year = {2022}, author = {Symanski, JD and Tso, JV and Phelan, DM and Kim, JH}, title = {Myocarditis in the Athlete: A Focus on COVID-19 Sequelae.}, journal = {Clinics in sports medicine}, volume = {41}, number = {3}, pages = {455-472}, doi = {10.1016/j.csm.2022.02.007}, pmid = {35710272}, issn = {1556-228X}, mesh = {Athletes ; *COVID-19 ; Humans ; *Myocarditis/diagnosis/epidemiology/etiology ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {Myocarditis is a leading cause of sudden death in athletes. Early data demonstrating increased prevalence of cardiac injury in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 raised concerns for athletes recovered from COVID-19 and the possibility of underlying myocarditis. However, subsequent large registries have provided reassuring data affirming low prevalence of myocarditis in athletes convalesced from COVID-19. Although the clinical significance of subclinical myocarditis detected by cardiac MRI remains uncertain, clinical outcomes have not demonstrated an increase in acute cardiac events in athletes throughout the pandemic. Future directions include defining mechanisms underlying "long-haul" COVID-19 and the potential impact of new viral variants.}, }
@article {pmid35710269, year = {2022}, author = {Beavers, DL and Chung, EH}, title = {Wearables in Sports Cardiology.}, journal = {Clinics in sports medicine}, volume = {41}, number = {3}, pages = {405-423}, doi = {10.1016/j.csm.2022.02.004}, pmid = {35710269}, issn = {1556-228X}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; *Cardiology ; Humans ; Pandemics ; *Sports ; *Wearable Electronic Devices ; }, abstract = {The expanding array and adoption of consumer health wearables is creating a new dynamic to the patient-health-care provider relationship. Providers are increasingly tasked with integrating the biometric data collected from their patients into clinical care. Further, a growing body of evidence is supporting the provider-driven utility of wearables in the screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of cardiovascular disease. Here we highlight existing and emerging wearable health technologies and the potential applications for use within sports cardiology. We additionally highlight how wearables can advance the remote cardiovascular care of patients within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, despite these promising advances, we acknowledge some of the significant challenges that remain before wearables can be routinely incorporated into clinical care.}, }
@article {pmid35709964, year = {2022}, author = {Qin, J and Wang, G and Han, D}, title = {Benefits of plasma exchange on mortality in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijid.2022.06.014}, pmid = {35709964}, issn = {1878-3511}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues, and the death toll continues to surge. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the efficacy of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) on mortality in patients with COVID-19.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic search was made of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and clinicaltrials.gov, without language restrictions. Controlled clinical trials on treatment of COVID-19 with TPE, compared with standard of care (SOC), were reviewed. Studies were pooled to risk ratios (RRs) and weighted mean differences (WMDs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).<br><br>RESULTS: Six trials (enrolling 343 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Therapeutic plasma exchange showed significant effect on mortality (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.69; P = 0.0008).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: TPE significantly reduced mortality in hospitalized patients with moderate-to-critical COVID-19. Plasma exchange therapy should be considered for COVID-19 patients.}, }
@article {pmid35709825, year = {2022}, author = {Casey, JD and Beskow, LM and Brown, J and Brown, SM and Gayat, É and Ng Gong, M and Harhay, MO and Jaber, S and Jentzer, JC and Laterre, PF and Marshall, JC and Matthay, MA and Rice, TW and Rosenberg, Y and Turnbull, AE and Ware, LB and Self, WH and Mebazaa, A and Collins, SP}, title = {Use of pragmatic and explanatory trial designs in acute care research: lessons from COVID-19.}, journal = {The Lancet. Respiratory medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00044-3}, pmid = {35709825}, issn = {2213-2619}, abstract = {Unique challenges arise when conducting trials to evaluate therapies already in common clinical use, including difficulty enrolling patients owing to widespread open-label use of trial therapies and the need for large sample sizes to detect small but clinically meaningful treatment effects. Despite numerous successes in trials evaluating novel interventions such as vaccines, traditional explanatory trials have struggled to provide definitive answers to time-sensitive questions for acutely ill patients with COVID-19. Pragmatic trials, which can increase efficiency by allowing some or all trial procedures to be embedded into clinical care, are increasingly proposed as a means to evaluate therapies that are in common clinical use. In this Personal View, we use two concurrently conducted COVID-19 trials of hydroxychloroquine (the US ORCHID trial and the UK RECOVERY trial) to contrast the effects of explanatory and pragmatic trial designs on trial conduct, trial results, and the care of patients managed outside of clinical trials. In view of the potential advantages and disadvantages of explanatory and pragmatic trial designs, we make recommendations for their optimal use in the evaluation of therapies in the acute care setting.}, }
@article {pmid35709649, year = {2022}, author = {Batu, ED and Sener, S and Ozen, S}, title = {COVID-19 associated pediatric vasculitis: A systematic review and detailed analysis of the pathogenesis.}, journal = {Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism}, volume = {55}, number = {}, pages = {152047}, doi = {10.1016/j.semarthrit.2022.152047}, pmid = {35709649}, issn = {1532-866X}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2, has opened a new era in the practice of pediatric rheumatology since it has been associated with inflammatory complications such as vasculitis and arthritis. In this review, we aimed to present a detailed analysis of COVID-19 associated pediatric vasculitis.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review of the English literature was performed through Pubmed/MEDLINE and Scopus up to January 1st, 2022. Articles including data about the patients with 1) onset of vasculitis <18 years of age, 2) evidence of SARS-CoV-2 exposure, 3) evidence of vasculitis diagnosis (imaging, histopathologic evidences or fulfilling the specific diagnostic/classification criteria) were included in the final analysis. Patients with Kawasaki disease-like vasculitis associated with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) were excluded.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 25 articles describing 36 patients with COVID-19 associated pediatric vasculitis (median age 13 years; M/F: 2.3) were included. The most frequent phenotype was IgA vasculitis (n=9) followed by chilblains (n=7) and ANCA associated vasculitis (AAV) (n=5). Skin (58.3%) and renal (30.5%) involvements were the most common manifestations of vasculitis. The majority of patients received corticosteroids (40%), while rituximab (14.2%) and cyclophosphamide (11.4%) were the most frequently used immunosuppressive drugs. Remission was achieved in 23 of 28 patients. Five patients (4 with central nervous system vasculitis; 1 with AAV) died.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Although COVID-19 associated pediatric vasculitis is very rare, awareness of this rare entity is important to secure earlier diagnosis and treatment. The clinical features of COVID-19 associated pediatric vasculitis subtypes look similar to those in pediatric vasculitis not associated with COVID-19. Whether COVID-19 is the reason of the vasculitis or only the trigger remains unknown.}, }
@article {pmid35708588, year = {2022}, author = {Hisada, Y and Sachetto, ATA and Mackman, N}, title = {Circulating tissue factor-positive extracellular vesicles and their association with thrombosis in different diseases.}, journal = {Immunological reviews}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/imr.13106}, pmid = {35708588}, issn = {1600-065X}, support = {//John C. Parker Professorship/ ; 1R35HL155657/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; }, abstract = {Tissue factor (TF) is a procoagulant protein released from activated host cells, such as monocytes, and tumor cells on extracellular vesicles (EVs). TF + EVs are observed in the circulation of patients with various types of diseases. In this review, we will summarize the association between TF + EVs and activation of coagulation and survival in different types of diseases, including cancer, sepsis, and infections with different viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza A virus (IAV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We will also discuss the source of TF + EVs in various diseases. EVTF activity is associated with thrombosis in pancreatic cancer patients and coronavirus disease 2019 patients (COVID-19) and with disseminated intravascular coagulation in cancer patients. EVTF activity is also associated with worse survival in patients with cancer and COVID-19. Monocytes are the major sources of TF + EVs in sepsis, and viral infections, such as HIV, Ebola virus, and SARS-CoV-2. In contrast, alveolar epithelial cells are the major source of TF + EVs in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in COVID-19 and influenza A patients. These studies indicate that EVTF activity could be used as a biomarker to identify patients that have an increased risk of coagulopathy and mortality.}, }
@article {pmid35708540, year = {2022}, author = {Ariawan, D and van Eersel, J and Martin, AD and Ke, YD and Ittner, LM}, title = {Recent progress in synthetic self-adjuvanting vaccine development.}, journal = {Biomaterials science}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1039/d2bm00061j}, pmid = {35708540}, issn = {2047-4849}, abstract = {Vaccination is a proven way to protect individuals against many infectious diseases, as currently highlighted in the global COVID-19 pandemic. Peptides- or small molecule antigen-based vaccination offer advantages over the classical vaccine approaches. However, peptides or small molecules by themselves are generally not sufficiently immunogenic, and thus require an adjuvant to boost an immune response. Several conjugated systems have been developed in recent years to overcome this obstacle. This review summarises different moieties which, when conjugated to peptide antigens, facilitate a specific immune response. Different classes of self-adjuvant moieties are reviewed, including self-assembly peptides, lipids, glycolipids, and polymers.}, }
@article {pmid35708013, year = {2022}, author = {Bo, Y and Wang, H}, title = {Materials-based vaccines for infectious diseases.}, journal = {Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e1824}, doi = {10.1002/wnan.1824}, pmid = {35708013}, issn = {1939-0041}, support = {DMR 21-43673 CAR//National Science Foundation/ ; }, abstract = {Infectious diseases that result from pathogen infection are among the leading causes of human death, with pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus, malaria, influenza, and ongoing SARS-COV-2 viruses constantly threatening the global population. While the mechanisms behind various infectious diseases are not entirely clear and thus retard the development of effective therapeutics, vaccines have served as a universal approach to containing infectious diseases. However, conventional vaccines that solely consist of antigens or simply mix antigens and adjuvants have failed to control various highly infective or deadly pathogens. Biomaterials-based vaccines have provided a promising solution due to their ability to synergize the function of antigens and adjuvants, troubleshoot delivery issues, home and manipulate immune cells in situ. In this review, we will summarize different types of materials-based vaccines for generating cellular and humoral responses against pathogens and discuss the design criteria for amplifying the efficacy of materials-based vaccines against infectious diseases. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease.}, }
@article {pmid35706876, year = {2022}, author = {Zeverdegani, SK}, title = {Influence of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Psychological Condition and Mental Health of Different Types of Population: A Narrative Review.}, journal = {International journal of preventive medicine}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {71}, doi = {10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_301_20}, pmid = {35706876}, issn = {2008-7802}, abstract = {One of the most important occupational and environmental pollutants are biological agents such as various types of viruses. Recently the 2019-nCoV causes lower respiratory tract disease, called novel coronavirus pneumonia that in addition to causes physical disorders, can lead to mental health problems. This study looks at some of the articles that deal with psychological problems caused by the coronavirus pandemic in different groups of people. For this purpose, a review of the published literature was performed in some databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier) and related references were used.}, }
@article {pmid35706739, year = {2022}, author = {Panneer Selvam, S and Ramani, P and R, R and Sundar, S and T A, L}, title = {COVID-19 Vaccines and the Efficacy of Currently Available Vaccines Against COVID-19 Variants.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {14}, number = {5}, pages = {e24927}, doi = {10.7759/cureus.24927}, pmid = {35706739}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is the seventh member of the Coronaviridiae family of viruses, which are thought to be transmitted by Chinese horseshoe bats. The virus undergoes mutations leading to variants such as B.1.1.7 (alpha), B.1.351 (beta), P.1 (gamma), and B.1.617 (delta), as well as the recent variant B.1.1.529 (omicron), which has around 30 deletions, making it a severely mutated form that lowers vaccination-induced protection. Vaccine efficacy is usually expressed as relative risk reduction, which is based on the ratio of attack rates with and without a vaccine, whereas absolute risk reduction is based on the entire population. Rather than two doses, recent research suggests that a third dose/booster dose may aid in protection against future variants. The constant influx of mutant variations is putting a strain on vaccine production. Despite the challenges, we are optimistic that the epidemic will be eradicated by achieving mass immunity and by ensuring that everyone receives vaccines at a faster rate.}, }
@article {pmid35704865, year = {2022}, author = {Khalil, F and Oleszak, F and Stys, T and Stys, A}, title = {COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Disease: A Comprehensive Review.}, journal = {South Dakota medicine : the journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association}, volume = {75}, number = {2}, pages = {54-60}, pmid = {35704865}, issn = {0038-3317}, mesh = {Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; *COVID-19 ; *Cardiovascular Diseases ; Humans ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a pandemic that impacted the lives of billions of people worldwide. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor act as a gate for viral cell entry through binding to virus S-protein. Cardiovascular patients are thought to be more susceptible to severe COVID-19 infection due to overexpression of ACE2 receptors in these patients. There is a growing body of evidence suggesting worse outcomes and increased mortality among COVID-19 patients with preexisting cardiovascular diseases. SARS-CoV-2 is capable of causing a wide range of cardiovascular diseases including myocarditis, heart failure, arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia and venous thromboembolism. Drug-disease interaction in COVID-19 patients with preexisting cardiovascular conditions has become a major concern. In this review, we discuss different aspects of the relationship between COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system along with a brief pharmacological overview.}, }
@article {pmid35703860, year = {2022}, author = {Huber, C and Murith, N and Roffi, M and Müller, H and Carcaterra, A and Giraud, R and Bendjelid, K and Ellenberger, C and Licker, M and Cikirikcioglu, M}, title = {[Cardiac surgery in the time of COVID19 - A narrative of three very unusual cases and lessons learned].}, journal = {Revue medicale suisse}, volume = {18}, number = {786}, pages = {1186-1191}, doi = {10.53738/REVMED.2022.18.786.1186}, pmid = {35703860}, issn = {1660-9379}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; *Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; Humans ; }, abstract = {COVID19 altered and impacted medical and surgical practice around the world. Standard of care and routine procedures are disrupted. Majors shift in personnel, and ad hoc new team as well as delocalization and working with new infrastructures are further challenges to be dealt with. This review of three very unusual scenarios illustrates pitfalls and dangers harbored in the re-shaped landscape of COVID19 exemplifying the narrow path bridging from the medical and surgical comfort zone to uncharted territory and eventually leading to collateral damage.}, }
@article {pmid35703746, year = {2022}, author = {Vincent, HK and Patel, S and Zaremski, JL}, title = {Impact of COVID on Sports Injury Patterns, Changes in Mental Well-Being, and Strategies to Prepare for Future Pandemics in Sport.}, journal = {Current sports medicine reports}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {196-204}, doi = {10.1249/JSR.0000000000000966}, pmid = {35703746}, issn = {1537-8918}, mesh = {Adolescent ; Athletes ; *Athletic Injuries/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Sports ; }, abstract = {ABSTRACT: This review describes the available evidence of the acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, referred to COVID-19) pandemic on musculoskeletal injury patterns and prevalence in athletes. A brief overview of the epidemiology of COVID-19 and prevalence in active populations from youth through professional are provided. Responses to COVID-19 regarding sport participation at regional, national, and international organizations are summarized. Downstream effects of complete or partial training shutdown on injury risk and mental health are discussed. Strategies to maintain athletic potential and overall well-being include maintaining safe access to training facilities and resources, implementation of injury prevention programs, organization of athlete support networks, and incorporation of resilience and coping training.}, }
@article {pmid35703681, year = {2022}, author = {Melo, MM and Neta, MMR and Neto, ARS and Carvalho, ARB and Magalhães, RLB and Valle, ARMC and Ferreira, JHL and Aliaga, KMJ and Moura, MEB and Freitas, DRJ}, title = {Symptoms of COVID-19 in children.}, journal = {Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas}, volume = {55}, number = {}, pages = {e12038}, doi = {10.1590/1414-431X2022e12038}, pmid = {35703681}, issn = {1414-431X}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Child ; Cough/etiology ; Humans ; }, abstract = {The aim of this study was to review the symptomatic manifestations of COVID-19 in children in the scientific literature. An integrative review of studies published between December 2019 and September 5, 2021, from the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Web of Science, Scopus, Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciência de Saúde, and Base de Dados de Enfermagem databases, was carried out to answer the following research question: What symptomatic manifestations does COVID-19 cause in children?". Twenty articles were included. The main symptoms described were fever, cough, diarrhea, vomiting, sore throat, dyspnea, headache, abdominal pain, malaise, and weakness or tiredness. The findings of this review can contribute to the diagnosis and clinical decision-making of the health team by providing information that facilitates the identification of COVID-19 in the target population, favoring early identification, better care, and consequently a better prognosis.}, }
@article {pmid35703605, year = {2022}, author = {Santolino, M and Alcañiz, M and Bolancé, C}, title = {Hospitalizations from covid-19: a health planning tool.}, journal = {Revista de saude publica}, volume = {56}, number = {}, pages = {51}, doi = {10.11606/s1518-8787.2022056004315}, pmid = {35703605}, issn = {1518-8787}, mesh = {Brazil/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Health Planning ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Pandemics ; United States ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Estimate the future number of hospitalizations from Covid-19 based on the number of diagnosed positive cases.<br><br>METHOD: Using the covid-19 Panel data recorded in Spain at the Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica, Renave (Epidemiological Surveillance Network), a regression model with multiplicative structure is adjusted to explain and predict the number of hospitalizations from the lagged series of positive cases diagnosed from May 11, 2020 to September 20, 2021. The effect of the time elapsed since the vaccination program starting on the number of hospitalizations is reviewed.<br><br>RESULTS: Nine days is the number of lags in the positive cases series with greatest explanatory power on the number of hospitalizations. The variability of the number of hospitalizations explained by the model is high (adjusted R2: 96.6%). Before the vaccination program starting, the expected number of hospitalizations on day t was 20.2% of the positive cases on day t-9 raised to 0.906. After the vaccination program started, this percentage was reduced by 0.3% a day. Using the same model, we find that in the first pandemic wave the number of positive cases was more than six times that reported on official records.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Starting from the covid-19 cases detected up to a given date, the proposed model allows estimating the number of hospitalizations nine days in advance. Thus, it is a useful tool for forecasting the hospital pressure that health systems shall bear as a consequence of the disease.}, }
@article {pmid35703076, year = {2022}, author = {Sund, JD and Bollerup, S and Glamann, JB and Vinten, CA and Jensen, LR and Toft-Bethelsen, TL and Bentzen, BH and Kledal, TN and Weis, N and Rosenkilde, M}, title = {[The antiviral targeting potential of viroporins].}, journal = {Ugeskrift for laeger}, volume = {184}, number = {24}, pages = {}, pmid = {35703076}, issn = {1603-6824}, mesh = {Amantadine ; *Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/drug therapy ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Viroporin Proteins ; }, abstract = {Viroporins are ion channels found in many viruses, where they contribute to virus life cycle and thereby pathogenesis. Viroporin targeting is a known, yet largely unexplored, therapeutic strategy so far only used in Influenza A with the drugs amantadine and rimantadine. In this review, we seek to utilize the inhibition by amantadine of the viroporin Protein E in SARS-CoV-2 in an attempt to treat COVID-19 in its early stages. We are executing a double-blinded placebo-controlled trial based on promising in vivo and in vitro work as a stepping-stone for establishing a therapeutic antiviral regime: blocking of viroporins.}, }
@article {pmid35703074, year = {2022}, author = {Poulsen, CB and Nielsen, KR and Jørgensen, MM and Rossing, K and Bundgaard, H}, title = {[Myocarditis and development of dilated cardiomyopathy].}, journal = {Ugeskrift for laeger}, volume = {184}, number = {24}, pages = {}, pmid = {35703074}, issn = {1603-6824}, mesh = {*COVID-19/complications ; *Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/diagnosis/etiology/therapy ; Humans ; Inflammation/complications ; *Myocarditis/diagnosis/drug therapy/etiology ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {Inflammation is increasingly recognised as a causal factor in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. With the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors in oncology and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic the role of the immune system in myocardial inflammation (myocarditis) and subsequent inflammatory cardiomyopathy has once again regained attention. In this review, we want to bring myocardial inflammation to the clinician's attention and provide up-to-date knowledge on its diagnostic workup, prognostication, and current management recommendations.}, }
@article {pmid35703061, year = {2022}, author = {Ronit, A and Berg, RM and Mogensen, TH and Plovsing, RR}, title = {[Local immunopathology in COVID-19 associated lung injury].}, journal = {Ugeskrift for laeger}, volume = {184}, number = {23}, pages = {}, pmid = {35703061}, issn = {1603-6824}, mesh = {*COVID-19/complications ; Critical Illness ; Humans ; Lung/pathology ; *Lung Injury/etiology/pathology ; }, abstract = {Mechanisms of COVID-19-induced lung injury involve complex immunopathological events which are currently being elucidated. Studying immune mechanisms at the primary site of injury, i.e. the lower airways, are particularly informative. This review provides a brief introduction to the methods used to perform sampling from the lungs of critically ill patients with COVID-19, key immunopathological findings and a discussion on how immunosuppressants may exert their effects locally.}, }
@article {pmid35700527, year = {2022}, author = {Samaras, JJ and Micheletti, M and Ding, W}, title = {Transformation of Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing Through Single-Use Technologies: Current State, Remaining Challenges, and Future Development.}, journal = {Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {73-97}, doi = {10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092220-030223}, pmid = {35700527}, issn = {1947-5446}, mesh = {*Biological Products ; *COVID-19 ; Drug Industry ; Humans ; Quality Control ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; }, abstract = {Single-use technologies have transformed conventional biopharmaceutical manufacturing, and their adoption is increasing rapidly for emerging applications like antibody-drug conjugates and cell and gene therapy products. These disruptive technologies have also had a significant impact during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, helping to advance process development to enable the manufacturing of new monoclonal antibody therapies and vaccines. Single-use systems provide closed plug-and-play solutions and enable process intensification and continuous processing. Several challenges remain, providing opportunities to advance single-use sensors and their integration with single-use systems, to develop novel plastic materials, and to standardize design for interchangeability. Because the industry is changing rapidly, a holistic analysis of the current single-use technologies is required, with a summary of the latest advancements in materials science and the implementation of these technologies in end-to-end bioprocesses.}, }
@article {pmid35688854, year = {2022}, author = {Beckerman, R and Gori, A and Jeyakumar, S and Malin, JJ and Paredes, R and Póvoa, P and Smith, NJ and Teixeira-Pinto, A}, title = {Remdesivir for the treatment of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 receiving supplemental oxygen: a targeted literature review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {9622}, pmid = {35688854}, issn = {2045-2322}, mesh = {Adenosine Monophosphate/analogs &amp; derivatives/therapeutic use ; Alanine/analogs &amp; derivatives/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/drug therapy ; Humans ; Oxygen/therapeutic use ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Treatment Outcome ; }, abstract = {This network meta-analysis (NMA) assessed the efficacy of remdesivir in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 requiring supplemental oxygen. Randomized controlled trials of hospitalized patients with COVID-19, where patients were receiving supplemental oxygen at baseline and at least one arm received treatment with remdesivir, were identified. Outcomes included mortality, recovery, and no longer requiring supplemental oxygen. NMAs were performed for low-flow oxygen (LFO2); high-flow oxygen (HFO2), including NIV (non-invasive ventilation); or oxygen at any flow (AnyO2) at early (day 14/15) and late (day 28/29) time points. Six studies were included (N = 5245 patients) in the NMA. Remdesivir lowered early and late mortality among AnyO2 patients (risk ratio (RR) 0.52, 95% credible interval (CrI) 0.34-0.79; RR 0.81, 95%CrI 0.69-0.95) and LFO2 patients (RR 0.21, 95%CrI 0.09-0.46; RR 0.24, 95%CrI 0.11-0.48); no improvement was observed among HFO2 patients. Improved early and late recovery was observed among LFO2 patients (RR 1.22, 95%CrI 1.09-1.38; RR 1.17, 95%CrI 1.09-1.28). Remdesivir also lowered the requirement for oxygen support among all patient subgroups. Among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 requiring supplemental oxygen at baseline, use of remdesivir compared to best supportive care is likely to improve the risk of mortality, recovery and need for oxygen support in AnyO2 and LFO2 patients.}, }
@article {pmid35660402, year = {2022}, author = {Igalavithana, AD and Yuan, X and Attanayake, CP and Wang, S and You, S and Tsang, DCW and Nzihou, A and Ok, YS}, title = {Sustainable management of plastic wastes in COVID-19 pandemic: The biochar solution.}, journal = {Environmental research}, volume = {212}, number = {Pt E}, pages = {113495}, doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2022.113495}, pmid = {35660402}, issn = {1096-0953}, mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; Charcoal ; Ecosystem ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; Plastics ; }, abstract = {To prevent the COVID-19 transmission, personal protective equipment (PPE) and packaging materials have been extensively used but often managed inappropriately, generating huge amount of plastic waste. In this review, we comprehensively discussed the plastic products utilized and the types and amounts of plastic waste generated since the outbreak of COVID-19, and reviewed the potential treatments for these plastic wastes. Upcycling of plastic waste into biochar was addressed from the perspectives of both environmental protection and practical applications, which can be verified as promising materials for environmental protections and energy storages. Moreover, novel upcycling of plastic waste into biochar is beneficial to mitigate the ubiquitous plastic pollution, avoiding harmful impacts on human and ecosystem through direct and indirect micro-/nano-plastic transmission routes, and achieving the sustainable plastic waste management for value-added products, simultaneously. This suggests that the plastic waste could be treated as a valuable resource in an advanced and green manner.}, }
@article {pmid35576637, year = {2022}, author = {Dragioti, E and Tsartsalis, D and Mentis, M and Mantzoukas, S and Gouva, M}, title = {Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of hospital staff: An umbrella review of 44 meta-analyses.}, journal = {International journal of nursing studies}, volume = {131}, number = {}, pages = {104272}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104272}, pmid = {35576637}, issn = {1873-491X}, mesh = {Anxiety/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Depression/diagnosis/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Health ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Pandemics ; Personnel, Hospital ; Prevalence ; Quality of Life ; *Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hospital staff is at high risk of developing mental health issues during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. However, the literature lacks an overall and inclusive picture of mental health problems with comprehensive analysis among hospital staff during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: To ascertain the prevalence of anxiety, depression and other mental health outcomes as reported in original articles among hospital staff during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>DESIGN: A PRISMA 2020 and MOOSE 2000 compliant umbrella review of published meta-analyses of observational studies evaluating the prevalence of mental health problems in hospital staff during the pandemic.<br><br>REVIEW METHODS: Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PsycINFO from December 1st, 2019, until August 13th 2021. The random effects model was used for the meta-analysis, and the I2 index was employed to assess between-study heterogeneity. Publication bias using Egger test and LFK index was examined. Data was analyzed using STATA 17.0 software. AMSTAR-2 was applied for the quality assessment of systematic reviews, while we used GRADE to rate the quality of evidence.<br><br>RESULTS: Forty-four meta-analyses from 1298 individual studies were included in the final analysis, encompassing the prevalence of 16 mental health symptoms. One-third of hospital workers reported anxiety (Prevalence: 29.9%, 95% CI:27.1% to 32.7%) and depression (Prevalence: 28.4%, 95% CI:25.5% to 31.3%) symptomatology, while about 40% (95% CI: 36.9% to 42.0%) suffered from sleeping disorders. Fear-related symptoms, reduced well-being, poor quality of life, and acute stress symptoms had the highest prevalence among hospital staff. However, the quality of evidence in these areas varied from low to very low. Nurses suffered more often from sleep problems and symptoms of anxiety and depression than doctors, whereas doctors reported a higher prevalence of acute stress and post-traumatic disorders. The burden of anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders was higher among female employees than their male counterparts. Remarkably, acute stress and insomnia affected more than half of first-line medical staff.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of mental health problems among hospital staff during the COVID-19 pandemic is generally high, with anxiety, depression and insomnia symptoms representing the most robust evidence based on a large dataset of prevalence meta-analyses. However, there is no strong confidence in the body of evidence for each outcome assessed.<br><br>REGISTRATION: Not registered.<br><br>TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: The COVID-19 pandemic is having a major impact on the mental health of hospital staff. The need for support must be different for nurses and doctors @eldi12345.}, }
@article {pmid35514092, year = {2022}, author = {Zobairy, H and Salem, MM and Ghajarzadeh, M and Mirmosayyeb, O and Mirsalehi, M}, title = {Diabetes mellitus and other underlying conditions in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {The Journal of laryngology and otology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-11}, doi = {10.1017/S0022215122001074}, pmid = {35514092}, issn = {1748-5460}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compute the pooled prevalence of diabetes mellitus and other underlying conditions in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis.<br><br>METHOD: A systematic literature review was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase and Google Scholar. The cross-sectional studies that reported the frequency of diabetes mellitus in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis were included.<br><br>RESULTS: Eighteen eligible studies with a total number of 3718 patients were included in the current study. The pooled prevalence of diabetes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis was 89 per cent and with new-onset diabetes was 32 per cent. The pooled prevalence of steroid use was high (79 per cent) too. The all-cause mortality rate was 24 per cent.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Diabetes mellitus was the most frequent underlying condition in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis. The second most frequent underlying condition was steroid use during coronavirus disease 2019 infection. The appropriate control of hyperglycaemia and rational prescription of steroids during the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis is recommended.}, }
@article {pmid35469499, year = {2022}, author = {Hassan, MA and Aliyu, S}, title = {Delayed Access to COVID-19 Vaccines: A Perspective on Low-income Countries in Africa.}, journal = {International journal of health services : planning, administration, evaluation}, volume = {52}, number = {3}, pages = {323-329}, doi = {10.1177/00207314221096365}, pmid = {35469499}, issn = {1541-4469}, mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Vaccines ; }, abstract = {The development of COVID-19 vaccines was a landmark in the current efforts to contain the global pandemic caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2. Consequently, vaccine rollout and inoculation campaigns continue to progress steadily across the globe. However, "skewed" rollout, or the inequitable or delayed access to the vaccines encountered particularly by low-income countries in Africa, remains a source of great concern. This may negatively affect the continent and could lead to increased transmission, travel restrictions, further economic disruptions, and increased morbidity and mortality. Ultimately, these negative consequences could directly or indirectly hamper global efforts to defeat the pandemic. Access to COVID-19 vaccines is a global priority and provides a source of hope to bring the pandemic under control. High-income nations, national governments, donor agencies, and other relevant stakeholders must support the World Health Organization's COVAX initiative to ensure fair, rapid and equitable distribution of the vaccines to countries, irrespective of income level. This effort will rapidly bring the pandemic under control and impact the recovery of the global economy. Low-income nations in Africa must significantly invest in research, health care, vaccines, and drug development and must remain proactive in preparing against future pandemics. This review examines the rollout of the COVID-19 vaccines with a focus on Africa.}, }
@article {pmid35443826, year = {2022}, author = {Khalifehzadeh-Esfahani, Z and Fattahi, S and Heidari Haratemeh, Z and Jafarinia, M}, title = {The Role of Immune Regulatory Molecules in COVID-19.}, journal = {Viral immunology}, volume = {35}, number = {5}, pages = {359-364}, doi = {10.1089/vim.2021.0211}, pmid = {35443826}, issn = {1557-8976}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; T-Lymphocytes ; }, abstract = {As the fifth pandemic in the 21st century, coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become the most prominent global concern in the last 2 years. Variable manifestations characterize SARS-CoV-2 infection. Despite the design and production of effective vaccines and their considerable effect on reducing the COVID-19 prevalence and mortality rate, no definitive cure for the disease has yet been found. Mutations may also affect the effectiveness of vaccines. The host immune response to the pathogen has a critical role in the course of the disease. Positive and negative signals often balance the immune system. Immune regulatory molecules, also known as immune checkpoint receptors, balance the immune responses. These molecules mainly have inhibitory functions and prevent hyperactivation of immune cells or trigger adverse signaling pathways. For a decade, the immune checkpoint blockade, as a therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy, has been utilized. Some of the inhibitory receptors are recognized as exhaustion markers on T cells. The signaling pathway of these markers restricts the function of T cells against viral infection. Dysregulation of T cells was observed in SARS-CoV-2 infection and can modify proliferation, differentiation, cytokine production, and type of response. The pivotal role of immune inhibitory receptors in the function of acquired, cell-mediated, immune defense T cells makes them a fascinating subject to study. This review article summarized recent findings on immune regulatory molecules and their role in SARS-CoV-2 infection, hoping to find a way to design novel treatments.}, }
@article {pmid35040422, year = {2022}, author = {Naz, SS and Munir, I}, title = {An Outline of Contributing Vaccine Technologies for SARS CoV2 Advancing in Clinical and Preclinical Phase-Trials.}, journal = {Recent patents on biotechnology}, volume = {16}, number = {2}, pages = {122-143}, doi = {10.2174/1872208316666220118094344}, pmid = {35040422}, issn = {2212-4012}, mesh = {*COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; Patents as Topic ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Viral Vaccines ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV2) is an RNA virus involving 4 structural and 16 non-structural proteins, and exhibiting high transmission potential and fatality. The emergence of this newly encountered beta coronavirus-SARS CoV2 has brought over 2 million people to death, and more than 10 billion people got infected across the globe as yet. Consequently, the global scientific community has contributed to the synthesis and design of effective immunization technologies to combat this virus.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: This literature review was intended to gather an update on published reports of the vaccines advancing in the clinical trial phases or preclinical trials, to summarize the foundations and implications of contributing vaccine candidates inferring their impact in the pandemic repression. In addition, this literature review distinctly facilitates an outline of the overall vaccine effectiveness at current doses.<br><br>METHODS: The reported data in this review was extracted from research articles, review articles and patents published from January 2020 to July 2021, available on Google Scholar, Pubmed, Pubmed Central, Research Gate, Science direct, and Free Patent Online Database by using combination of keywords. Moreover, some information is retrieved from native web pages of vaccine manufacturing companies' due to progressing research and unavailability of published research papers.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Contributing vaccine technologies include: RNA (Ribonucleic acid) vaccines, DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) vaccines, viral vector vaccines, protein-based vaccines, inactivated vaccines, viruses-like particles, protein superglue, and live-attenuated vaccines. Some vaccines are prepared by establishing bacterial and yeast cell lines and as self-assembling adenovirus- derived multimeric protein-based self-assembling nanoparticle (ADDOmer). On May 19, WHO has issued an emergency use sanction of Moderna, Pfizer, Sinopharm, AstraZeneca, and Covishield vaccine candidates on account of clinical credibility from experimental data.}, }
@article {pmid34983336, year = {2022}, author = {Santonocito, D and Puglia, C}, title = {Applications of Lipid-based Nanocarriers for Parenteral Drug Delivery.}, journal = {Current medicinal chemistry}, volume = {29}, number = {24}, pages = {4152-4169}, doi = {10.2174/0929867329666220104111949}, pmid = {34983336}, issn = {1875-533X}, mesh = {*COVID-19/drug therapy ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Humans ; Lipids ; Liposomes ; *Nanoparticles ; Pandemics ; Particle Size ; }, abstract = {This review describes the use of lipid-based nanocarriers (LNCs) for the parenteral delivery of pharmaceutical actives. Firstly, the two generations of LNCs, namely solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), are explained in terms of preparation, characterization and stability. Although the use of LNCs through parenteral administration has shown many benefits, their use is limited by opsonization, an immune process that causes their short half-life (3-5 min). Therefore, many strategies are discussed to realize "stealth" systems suitable for parenteral administration. The requirements and applications of parenteral lipid nanoparticles are reviewed for the delivery of natural compounds, synthetic drugs and genetic materials. Recently, the latter application has been of remarkable interest due to the numerous benefits of mRNA vaccines to fight the Covid-19 pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid34931965, year = {2022}, author = {Campagnani, G and Bardanzellu, F and Pintus, MC and Fanos, V and Marcialis, MA}, title = {COVID-19 Vaccination in Children: An Open Question.}, journal = {Current pediatric reviews}, volume = {18}, number = {3}, pages = {226-236}, doi = {10.2174/1573396318666211220093111}, pmid = {34931965}, issn = {1875-6336}, mesh = {Adolescent ; *COVID-19/complications/prevention &amp; control ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects/immunology ; Child ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ; Vaccination ; *Vaccine Efficacy ; Young Adult ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: A safe and effective vaccine represents the best way to control the COVID-19 pandemic, which has caused more than 4 million deaths to date. Several vaccines have now been approved worldwide, depending on the country. Being administered to healthy people, anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines must meet high safety standards, and this is even more important among the pediatric population in which the risk of developing severe disease is significantly lower than adults. However, vaccination of the pediatric population could help in reducing viral spread in the whole population.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: Our narrative review analyzes and discusses the currently available literature on the advantages and disadvantages of COVID-19 vaccination in the pediatric population.<br><br>METHODS: A bibliographic research was conducted through Pubmed, Read, and Scopus using COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, immunization, antibody, COVID-19 vaccine efficacy, COVID-19 vaccine safety, children, adolescents, MIS-C, adverse effects as keywords.<br><br>RESULTS: Although children are less susceptible to COVID-19 infection, they can develop serious consequences, including multi-inflammatory syndrome. However, any vaccine-related side effects should be evaluated before administering vaccination to children while ensuring complete safety. To date, adverse effects are reported in adolescents and young adults following vaccination; however, these are mostly isolated reports.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Further investigation is needed to establish whether there is indeed a cause-and-effect relationship in the development of vaccine-related adverse effects. However, to date, COVID-19 vaccination is recommended for children and adolescents older than 12 years of age. However, this question is still under debate and involves ethical, political, and social issues.}, }
@article {pmid34872479, year = {2022}, author = {Castellar-López, J and Villamizar-Villamizar, W and Amaranto-Pallares, A and Rosales-Rada, W and De Los Angeles Vélez Verbel, M and Chang, A and Jiménez, FT and Mendoza-Torres, E}, title = {Recent Insights into COVID-19 in Children and Clinical Recommendations.}, journal = {Current pediatric reviews}, volume = {18}, number = {2}, pages = {121-137}, doi = {10.2174/1573396317666211206124347}, pmid = {34872479}, issn = {1875-6336}, mesh = {*COVID-19/complications ; Child ; Humans ; *Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/diagnosis/epidemiology/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/diagnosis/therapy ; United States ; }, abstract = {Pediatric coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) have been recognized in multiple countries globally. In this review, we provide recent insights into SARS-CoV-2 infection in children from epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory perspectives, including reports on the disease course and therapy. We highlight key features of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, the relationship between MIS-C and Kawasaki disease, and summarize treatment guidelines for COVID-19 in children from institutional protocols from Colombia, case reports, recommendations based on expert consensus, and official statements from organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), United States Center for Disease Control (CDC), Colombian Association of Infectious Diseases, and the Colombian Society of Pediatrics. Finally, we discuss gaps in research with suggestions for future research on the pathogenesis underlying pediatric COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid34819008, year = {2022}, author = {Kumar, N and Bhatia, V}, title = {Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection, its Vertical Transmission, and Impact on Overall Perinatal Outcomes: A Narrative Review.}, journal = {Current pediatric reviews}, volume = {18}, number = {2}, pages = {103-109}, doi = {10.2174/1573396317666211124095020}, pmid = {34819008}, issn = {1875-6336}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Pandemics ; Placenta ; Pregnancy ; *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic caused by single-stranded RNA containing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) started in early December 2019 from the Wuhan city of China and has been affected millions of people, including pregnant women worldwide. Research from all over the world has shown that the SARS-CoV-2 infection can be transmitted vertically from mother to fetus but is very rare. Neonatal infection with COVID-19 accounts for only a small proportion of the total population infected. Furthermore, very few studies have observed the impact of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection on neonatal outcomes. Thus, the literature about neonatal transmission and outcomes in COVID-19 infected antenatal women is very scattered and limited. The present review briefs on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection from mother to fetus and its impact on perinatal outcomes.<br><br>METHODOLOGY: English language articles from various databases including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Scholar, MedRxiv, and Web of Science and from the World Health Organization site were searched from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic up to June 2021. The search terms used were "SARS-CoV-2 and pregnancy outcome, "COVID-19 and neonatal outcome", "Placental changes in COVID-19 infected pregnant women", "Vertical transmission of COVID-19".<br><br>CONCLUSION: Maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection can be transmitted to the fetus, though uncommon, and can lead to adverse perinatal outcomes, including preterm births, intrauterine growth restriction, NICU admission, stillbirths. The data on transmission and the adverse neonatal outcome is sparse, and many more studies are needed to fully understand the mechanism by which maternal COVID-19 infection can affect fetuses and neonates.}, }
@article {pmid34789125, year = {2022}, author = {Rashid, NN}, title = {The Pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).}, journal = {Current molecular medicine}, volume = {22}, number = {9}, pages = {761-765}, doi = {10.2174/1566524021666211117145216}, pmid = {34789125}, issn = {1875-5666}, mesh = {Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19 ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Vaccines ; }, abstract = {Currently, the world is facing the emergence of a virus that causes pneumonia in humans, which has a higher probability of causing complications, including respiratory distress syndrome and death. The new coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV), which is currently known as SARS-CoV-2, is the cause of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This virus was first detected in Wuhan, Hubei Province of China, and appears to have been a zoonotic infection that has now adapted to humans. On March 11, 2020, COVID-19 was announced as a pandemic by the World Health Organisation (WHO), causing widespread panic worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 is genetically similar to the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related (SARS) and shares many similarities with the disease features of influenza virus infection. Scientists around the world are racing towards the development of vaccines and antivirals for COVID-19. This review will provide an update of COVID-19, a brief review of the symptoms and route of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the reason why it is highly infectious, as well as the currently available treatments and comorbidities.}, }
@article {pmid34784861, year = {2022}, author = {Sinha, S and Singh, K and Ved, A and Hasan, SM and Mujeeb, S}, title = {Therapeutic Journey and Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Coumarin Derivatives.}, journal = {Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry}, volume = {22}, number = {9}, pages = {1314-1330}, doi = {10.2174/1389557521666211116120823}, pmid = {34784861}, issn = {1875-5607}, mesh = {Animals ; *Anti-Infective Agents ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; *COVID-19 ; Coumarins/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Hydroxyl Radical ; Oxygen ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Coumarin is an oxygen-containing compound in medicinal chemistry. Coumarin plays an important role in both natural systems like plants and synthetic medicinal applications as drug molecules. Many structurally different coumarin compounds have been found to possess a wide range of similarities with the vital molecular targets in terms of their pharmacological action and small modifications in their structures, resulting in significant changes in their biological activities.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This review provides detailed information regarding the studies focused on the recent advances in various pharmacological aspects of coumarins.<br><br>METHODS: Various oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds represent remarkable biological significance. The fused aromatic oxygen-heterocyclic nucleus can change its electron density, thus altering the chemical, physical and biological properties, respectively, due to its multiple binding modes with the receptors, which play a crucial role in the pharmacological screening of drugs. Several heterocyclic compounds have been synthesized which have their nuclei derived from various plants and animals. In coumarins, the benzene ring is fused with a pyrone nucleus which provides stability to the nucleus. Coumarins have shown a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as anti-tumor, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antiviral, antimalarial, anti-HIV, antimicrobial, etc. Results: Reactive oxygen species, like superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide, are a type of unstable molecule containing oxygen, which reacts with other molecules in the cell during metabolism; however, when the number of reactive oxygen species increases, it may lead to cytotoxicity, thereby damaging the biological macromolecules. Hydroxyl Radical (OH) is a strong oxidizing agent and it is responsible for the cytotoxicity caused by oxygen in different plants, animals, and other microbes. Coumarin is the oldest and effective compound having antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidepressant, analgesic, anticonvulsant activities, etc. Naturally existing coumarin compounds act against SARS-CoV-2 by preventing viral replication and targeting the active site against the Mpro target protein.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This review highlights the different biological activities of coumarin derivatives. In this review, we provide an updated summary of the researches which are related to recent advances in biological activities of coumarins analogs and their most recent activities against COVID -19. Natural compounds act as a rich resource for novel drug development against various SARS-CoV-2 viral strains and viruses, like herpes simplex virus, influenza virus, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C viruses, middle east respiratory syndrome, and severe acute respiratory syndrome.}, }
@article {pmid34711444, year = {2022}, author = {Waitzberg, R and Hernández-Quevedo, C and Bernal-Delgado, E and Estupiñán-Romero, F and Angulo-Pueyo, E and Theodorou, M and Kantaris, M and Charalambous, C and Gabriel, E and Economou, C and Kaitelidou, D and Konstantakopoulou, O and Vildiridi, LV and Meshulam, A and de Belvis, AG and Morsella, A and Bezzina, A and Vincenti, K and Figueiredo Augusto, G and Fronteira, I and Simões, J and Karanikolos, M and Williams, G and Maresso, A}, title = {Early health system responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Mediterranean countries: A tale of successes and challenges.}, journal = {Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands)}, volume = {126}, number = {5}, pages = {465-475}, doi = {10.1016/j.healthpol.2021.10.007}, pmid = {34711444}, issn = {1872-6054}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Private Sector ; Universal Health Insurance ; }, abstract = {This paper conducts a comparative review of the (curative) health systems' response taken by Cyprus, Greece, Israel, Italy, Malta, Portugal, and Spain during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, these Mediterranean countries shared similarities in terms of health system resources, which were low compared to the EU/OECD average. We distill key policy insights regarding the governance tools adopted to manage the pandemic, the means to secure sufficient physical infrastructure and workforce capacity and some financing and coverage aspects. We performed a qualitative analysis of the evidence reported to the 'Health System Response Monitor' platform of the European Observatory by country experts. We found that governance in the early stages of the pandemic was undertaken centrally in all the Mediterranean countries, even in Italy and Spain where regional authorities usually have autonomy over health matters. Stretched public resources prompted countries to deploy "flexible" intensive care unit capacity and health workforce resources as agile solutions. The private sector was also utilized to expand resources and health workforce capacity, through special public-private partnerships. Countries ensured universal coverage for COVID-19-related services, even for groups not usually entitled to free publicly financed health care, such as undocumented migrants. We conclude that flexibility, speed and adaptive management in health policy responses were key to responding to immediate needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Financial barriers to accessing care as well as potentially higher mortality rates were avoided in most of the countries during the first wave. Yet it is still early to assess to what extent countries were able to maintain essential services without undermining equitable access to high quality care.}, }
@article {pmid34711443, year = {2022}, author = {Waitzberg, R and Gerkens, S and Dimova, A and Bryndová, L and Vrangbæk, K and Jervelund, SS and Birk, HO and Rajan, S and Habicht, T and Tynkkynen, LK and Keskimäki, I and Or, Z and Gandré, C and Winkelmann, J and Ricciardi, W and de Belvis, AG and Poscia, A and Morsella, A and Slapšinskaitė, A and Miščikienė, L and Kroneman, M and de Jong, J and Tambor, M and Sowada, C and Scintee, SG and Vladescu, C and Albreht, T and Bernal-Delgado, E and Angulo-Pueyo, E and Estupiñán-Romero, F and Janlöv, N and Mantwill, S and Van Ginneken, E and Quentin, W}, title = {Balancing financial incentives during COVID-19: A comparison of provider payment adjustments across 20 countries.}, journal = {Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands)}, volume = {126}, number = {5}, pages = {398-407}, doi = {10.1016/j.healthpol.2021.09.015}, pmid = {34711443}, issn = {1872-6054}, support = {001/WHO_/World Health Organization/International ; }, mesh = {Budgets ; *COVID-19 ; Fees and Charges ; Humans ; Motivation ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {Provider payment mechanisms were adjusted in many countries in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Our objective was to review adjustments for hospitals and healthcare professionals across 20 countries. We developed an analytical framework distinguishing between payment adjustments compensating income loss and those covering extra costs related to COVID-19. Information was extracted from the Covid-19 Health System Response Monitor (HSRM) and classified according to the framework. We found that income loss was not a problem in countries where professionals were paid by salary or capitation and hospitals received global budgets. In countries where payment was based on activity, income loss was compensated through budgets and higher fees. New FFS payments were introduced to incentivize remote services. Payments for COVID-19 related costs included new fees for out- and inpatient services but also new PD and DRG tariffs for hospitals. Budgets covered the costs of adjusting wards, creating new (ICU) beds, and hiring staff. We conclude that public payers assumed most of the COVID-19-related financial risk. In view of future pandemics policymakers should work to increase resilience of payment systems by: (1) having systems in place to rapidly adjust payment systems; (2) being aware of the economic incentives created by these adjustments such as cost-containment or increasing the number of patients or services, that can result in unintended consequences such as risk selection or overprovision of care; and (3) periodically evaluating the effects of payment adjustments on access and quality of care.}, }
@article {pmid34644236, year = {2022}, author = {Vitrone, M and Mele, F and Durante-Mangoni, E and Zampino, R}, title = {Drugs and liver injury: a not to be overlooked binomial in COVID-19.}, journal = {Journal of chemotherapy (Florence, Italy)}, volume = {34}, number = {4}, pages = {207-220}, doi = {10.1080/1120009X.2021.1988203}, pmid = {34644236}, issn = {1973-9478}, mesh = {Antiviral Agents/adverse effects ; *COVID-19/drug therapy ; Humans ; Hydroxychloroquine ; Liver ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) results predominantly in pulmonary involvement but a direct, virus-induced liver damage may also occur, whose mechanisms are being actively investigated. Accordingly, it appears of utmost importance to monitor liver function and carefully evaluate hepatic safety of the various drugs administered during COVID-19. In this respect, many drugs, biological agents and novel molecules, whose efficacy in COVID-19 is under scrutiny, have also been shown to potentially cause or worsen liver damage. In this article, we review safety data of established as well as promising agents for COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid34635046, year = {2022}, author = {De Vito, D and Fusco, A and Benincasa, C and Laghi, L and Ceruso, FM}, title = {Healthcare Management During A Pandemic: The Other Side of the Coin for the Treatment of COVID-19 Infection.}, journal = {Endocrine, metabolic &amp; immune disorders drug targets}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {383-394}, doi = {10.2174/1871530321666211011102038}, pmid = {34635046}, issn = {2212-3873}, mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology/therapy ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: World Health Organization (WHO) has increasingly improved the guidelines to tackle the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the worldwide population. In this context, each country has introduced specific social, healthcare, political and macroeconomic measures to face COVID pandemic locally.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: The general aim of this comparative overview is to highlight the most significant effects of COVID-19 pandemic on the main healthcare systems. Also, we critically analyzed the macroeconomic variables and the most promising solutions to improve both healthcare system and its related risk management, taking into specific consideration the most industrialized countries.<br><br>METHODS: The main strategy has been built on a renewed concept of the hospital, rebuilding the old concepts of "triage" and "intensive care". Recently, COVID-19 hospitals have allowed to cater the patients affected by COVID-19.<br><br>RESULTS: The reshaping of several healthcare policies and requirements has led to several positive effects, such as the recruitment of a huge number of human resources in the healthcare systems. Nevertheless, several negative effects have also impacted the communities mostly subjected to infections.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Undoubtedly, the national healthcare systems have somehow addressed the people's needs, trying not to neglect the social, healthcare, economic and political aspects. In our overview, we have reported how the different actions taken in the last months, have resulted in different outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid34612141, year = {2022}, author = {Matta, I and Laganà, AS and Ghabi, E and Bitar, L and Ayed, A and Petousis, S and Vitale, SG and Sleiman, Z}, title = {COVID-19 transmission in surgical smoke during laparoscopy and open surgery: a systematic review.}, journal = {Minimally invasive therapy &amp; allied technologies : MITAT : official journal of the Society for Minimally Invasive Therapy}, volume = {31}, number = {5}, pages = {690-697}, doi = {10.1080/13645706.2021.1982728}, pmid = {34612141}, issn = {1365-2931}, mesh = {Aerosols/adverse effects ; *COVID-19 ; Humans ; Infection Control/methods ; *Laparoscopy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smoke/adverse effects ; }, abstract = {AIM: To evaluate the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in surgical smoke and aerosols during laparoscopy and open surgery.<br><br>MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic review (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021268366) was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Articles were selected based on the title and abstract as well as the type of publication. Primary objectives of the study were to assess potential risk of contamination as well as comparing laparoscopic and open procedures in terms of danger of SARS-COV-2 transmission.<br><br>RESULTS: Fifty-three articles were identified and included in the review. No case of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to operating room personnel during open or minimally invasive surgery was identified at the time the review was conducted. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed between smoke and aerosols generated from open surgery and those generated from minimally invasive surgery.<br><br>CONCLUSION: COVID-19 transmission in surgical smoke and aerosols has yet to be observed. However, given the potential risk of viral transmission, caution should be exercised when performing surgery to ensure the safety of the operating room personnel. When clinically indicated and when protective measures can be implemented, minimally invasive surgery should be performed instead of open surgery to ensure optimal patient outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid34607539, year = {2022}, author = {Mousavizadeh, L and Soltani, R and Abedini, K and Ghasemi, S}, title = {The Relation of the Viral Structure of SARS-CoV-2, High-Risk Condition, and Plasma Levels of IL-4, IL-10, and IL-15 in COVID-19 Patients Compared to SARS and MERS Infections.}, journal = {Current molecular medicine}, volume = {22}, number = {7}, pages = {584-593}, doi = {10.2174/1566524021666211004110101}, pmid = {34607539}, issn = {1875-5666}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-15 ; Interleukin-4 ; *Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Viral Structures ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV- 2) has a high mortality rate due to widespread infection and strong immune system reaction. Interleukins (ILs) are among the main immune factors contributing to the deterioration of the immune response and the formation of cytokine storms in coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infections.<br><br>INTRODUCTION: This review article aimed at investigating the relationship between virus structure, risk factors, and patient plasma interleukin levels in infections caused by the coronavirus family.<br><br>METHODS: The keywords "interleukin," "coronavirus structure," "plasma," and "risk factors" were searched to find a relationship among different interleukins, coronavirus structures, and risk factors in ISI, PUBMED, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar databases.<br><br>RESULTS: Patients with high-risk conditions with independent panels of immune system markers are more susceptible to death caused by SARS-CoV-2. IL-4, IL-10, and IL-15 are probably secreted at different levels in patients with coronavirus infections despite the similarity of inflammatory markers. SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV increase the secretion of IL-4, while it remains unchanged in MERS-CoV infection. MERS-CoV infection demonstrates increased IL-10 levels. Although IL-10 levels usually increase in SARS-CoV infection, different levels are recorded in SARS-CoV-2, i.e., it increases in some patients while it decreases in others. This difference may be due to factors such as the patient's condition and the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2. MERS-CoV increases IL-15 secretion while its levels remain unchanged in SARS-CoV-2. The levels of IL-15 in patients with SARS-CoV have not been studied.<br><br>CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the different structures of SARS-CoV-2, such as length of spike or nonstructural proteins (NSPs) and susceptibility of patients due to differences in their risk factors, may lead to differences in immune marker secretion and pathogenicity. Therefore, identifying and controlling interleukin levels can play a significant role in managing the symptoms and developing individual-specific treatments.}, }
@article {pmid34544347, year = {2022}, author = {Zafari, M and Rad, MTS and Mohseni, F}, title = {Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Pregnancy: A Narrative Review.}, journal = {Current pediatric reviews}, volume = {18}, number = {2}, pages = {97-102}, doi = {10.2174/1573396317666210920152541}, pmid = {34544347}, issn = {1875-6336}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention &amp; control ; Pregnancy ; *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis/therapy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {A novel viral respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome, coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), is responsible for a pandemic situation in the world. Pregnant women are susceptible to this virus due to physiologic changes in the immunologic system. The risk of some adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as death, stillbirth, preeclampsia, and intrauterine fetal distress, may increase in infected pregnant women. Infected women should be isolated and investigated, and they should admit to a designated hospital with adequate facilities and multi-disciplinary expertise to manage them. Furthermore, the chances of adverse neonatal complications, such as small for gestational age, large for gestational age, shortness of breath, thrombocytopenia with abnormal liver function, rapid heart rate, vomiting, and pneumothorax, may increase in an affected neonate. This study reviews the problems and guidelines of covid-19 in pregnancy.}, }
@article {pmid35705189, year = {2022}, author = {Metz, AR and Bauer, M and Epperly, C and Stringer, G and Marshall, KE and Webb, LM and Hetherington-Rauth, M and Matzinger, SR and Totten, SE and Travanty, EA and Good, KM and Burakoff, A}, title = {Investigation of COVID-19 Outbreak among Wildland Firefighters during Wildfire Response, Colorado, USA, 2020.}, journal = {Emerging infectious diseases}, volume = {28}, number = {8}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3201/eid2808.220310}, pmid = {35705189}, issn = {1080-6059}, abstract = {A COVID-19 outbreak occurred among Cameron Peak Fire responders in Colorado, USA, during August 2020-January 2021. The Cameron Peak Fire was the largest recorded wildfire in Colorado history, lasting August-December 2020. At least 6,123 responders were involved, including 1,260 firefighters in 63 crews who mobilized to the fire camps. A total of 79 COVID-19 cases were identified among responders, and 273 close contacts were quarantined. State and local public health investigated the outbreak and coordinated with wildfire management teams to prevent disease spread. We performed whole-genome sequencing and applied social network analysis to visualize clusters and transmission dynamics. Phylogenetic analysis identified 8 lineages among sequenced specimens, implying multiple introductions. Social network analysis identified spread between and within crews. Strategies such as implementing symptom screening and testing of arriving responders, educating responders about overlapping symptoms of smoke inhalation and COVID-19, improving physical distancing of crews, and encouraging vaccinations are recommended.}, }
@article {pmid35704744, year = {2022}, author = {Holmes, EC}, title = {The Ecology of Viral Emergence.}, journal = {Annual review of virology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1146/annurev-virology-100120-015057}, pmid = {35704744}, issn = {2327-0578}, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a profound impact on human health, economic well-being, and societal function. It is essential that we use this generational experience to better understand the processes that underpin the emergence of COVID-19 and other zoonotic diseases. Herein, I review the mechanisms that determine why and how viruses emerge in new hosts, as well as the barriers to this process. I show that traditional studies of virus emergence have an inherent anthropocentric bias, with disease in humans considered the inevitable outcome of virus emergence, when in reality viruses are integral components of a global ecosystem characterized by continual host jumping with humans also transmitting their viruses to other animals. I illustrate these points using coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, as a case study. I also outline the potential steps that can be followed to help mitigate and prevent future pandemics, with combating climate change a central component. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Virology, Volume 9 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.}, }
@article {pmid35704707, year = {2022}, author = {Carpenè, G and Negrini, D and Henry, BM and Montagnana, M and Lippi, G}, title = {Homocysteine in coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a systematic literature review.}, journal = {Diagnosis (Berlin, Germany)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1515/dx-2022-0042}, pmid = {35704707}, issn = {2194-802X}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a life-threatening infectious disorder characterized by a sustained prothrombotic state. Since homocysteine is a potential biomarker of thrombotic diseases, the aim of this article is to provide an updated overview on the possible role played by hyperhomocysteinemia in influencing an unfavorable COVID-19 progression.<br><br>METHODS: We carried out an electronic search in Medline (PubMed interface) using the keywords ("COVID-19" OR "SARS-CoV-2") AND "homocysteine", between 2019 and the present time, with no language restrictions, to identify all articles which explored the concentration of homocysteine in COVID-19 patients with or without unfavorable disease progression.<br><br>RESULTS: Three studies, totaling 694 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, were included in our systematic review. Overall, the differences between the mean homocysteine values in non-severe vs. severe COVID-19 patients were always positive (i.e., 15.1%, 24.1% and 22.8%, generating a positive weight mean difference of 1.75 μmol/L (95%CI, 1.26-2.25 μmol/L; p=0.011), which translates into a cumulative difference of approximately ∼1.2 μmol/L.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Despite the limited evidence that has been garnered so far, increased homocysteine ​​levels may be a potentially useful marker for predicting the risk of unfavorable progression in patients with COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid35704700, year = {2022}, author = {Reszegi, A and Tátrai, P and Regős, E and Kovalszky, I and Baghy, K}, title = {Syndecan-1 in liver pathophysiology.}, journal = {American journal of physiology. Cell physiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1152/ajpcell.00039.2022}, pmid = {35704700}, issn = {1522-1563}, support = {100904//NKFI | Nemzeti Kutatási, Fejlesztési és Innovaciós Alap (NKFIA)/ ; 119283//NKFI | Nemzeti Kutatási, Fejlesztési és Innovaciós Alap (NKFIA)/ ; }, abstract = {Syndecan-1 is a heparan sulfate/chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (PG) of the cell surface and the extracellular matrix, which regulates a broad spectrum of physiological and pathological processes such as cell proliferation, migration, inflammation, matrix remodeling, wound healing, or tumorigenesis. Syndecan-1 represents the major PG of the liver, expressed by hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, and its elevated expression is a characteristic feature of liver diseases. The highest syndecan-1 expression is found in liver cirrhosis and in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) developed in cirrhotic livers. In addition, as being a hepatitis C receptor, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected livers produce extremely large amounts of syndecan-1. The serum levels of the cleaved (shedded) extracellular domain has clinical significance, as its increased concentration reflects on poor prognosis in cirrhosis as well as in cancer. In vivo experiments confirmed that syndecan-1 protects against early stages of fibrogenesis mainly by enhanced clearance of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ1) and thrombospondin-1 via circulation, and against hepatocarcinogenesis by interfering with several signaling pathways and enhancing cell cycle blockade. In addition, syndecan-1 is capable to hinder lipid metabolism and ribosomal biogenesis in induced cancer models.. These observations together with its participation in the uptake of viruses (e.g. HCV, SARS-CoV-2) indicate that syndecan-1 is a central player in liver pathologies.}, }
@article {pmid35704478, year = {2022}, author = {Rehfuess, EA and Burns, JB and Pfadenhauer, LM and Krishnaratne, S and Littlecott, H and Meerpohl, JJ and Movsisyan, A}, title = {Lessons learnt: Undertaking rapid reviews on public health and social measures during a global pandemic.}, journal = {Research synthesis methods}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/jrsm.1580}, pmid = {35704478}, issn = {1759-2887}, abstract = {Public health and social measures (PHSM) have been central to the COVID-19 response. Consequently, there has been much pressure on decision-makers to make evidence-informed decisions and on researchers to synthesize the evidence regarding these measures. This article describes our experiences, responses and lessons learnt regarding key challenges when planning and conducting rapid reviews of PHSM during the COVID-19 pandemic. Stakeholder consultations and scoping reviews to obtain an overview of the evidence inform the scope of reviews that are policy-relevant and feasible. Multiple complementary reviews serve to examine the benefits and harms of PHSM across different populations and contexts. Conceiving reviews of effectiveness as adaptable living reviews helps to respond to evolving evidence needs and an expanding evidence base. An appropriately skilled review team and good planning, coordination and communication ensures smooth and rigorous processes and efficient use of resources. Scientific rigor, the practical implications of PHSM-related complexity and likely time savings should be carefully weighed in deciding on methodological shortcuts. Making the best possible use of modelling studies represents a particular challenge, and methods should be carefully chosen, piloted and implemented. Our experience raises questions regarding the nature of rapid reviews and regarding how different types of evidence should be considered in making decisions about PHSM during a global pandemic. We highlight the need for readily available protocols for conducting studies on the effectiveness, unintended consequences and implementation of PHSM in a timely manner, as well as the need for rapid review standards tailored to "rapid" versus "emergency" mode reviewing. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid35704142, year = {2022}, author = {Cornelius, DC and Wang, X and Griffin, A and Morris, R and Wallace, K}, title = {Preeclampsia and COVID-19: the Role of Inflammasome Activation.}, journal = {Current hypertension reports}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35704142}, issn = {1534-3111}, support = {R01HL151407/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; T32HL105324/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; P20GM121334/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; R01MH116027/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: It is well established that controlled immune activation and balance is critical for women's reproductive health and successful pregnancy outcomes. Research in recent decades in both clinical and animal studies has demonstrated that aberrant immune activation and inflammation play a role in the development and progression of women's reproductive health and pregnancy-related disorders. Inflammasomes are multi-protein cytoplasmic complexes that mediate immune activation. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the role of inflammasome activation in pregnancy-related disorders.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Increased activation of inflammasome is associated with multiple women's health reproductive disorders and pregnancy-associated disorders, including preeclampsia (PreE). Inflammasome activation is also associated with the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease caused by the SARS-Cov-2 virus. We and others have observed a positive association between increased PreE incidences with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we present our recent data indicating increased inflammasome activation, represented by caspase-1 activity, in women with COVID-19 and PreE compared to normotensive pregnant women COVID-19. The role of inflammation in pregnancy-related disorders is an area of intense research interest. With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated increase in PreE observed clinically, there is a greater need to identify mechanisms of pathophysiology and targets to treat this maternal disorder. Inflammasome activation is associated with PreE and COVID-19 infection and may hold therapeutic potential to improve outcomes associated with PreE and curb the morbidity attributed to PreE.}, }
@article {pmid35702684, year = {2022}, author = {Naeem, FN and Hasan, SFS and Ram, MD and Waseem, S and Ahmed, SH and Shaikh, TG}, title = {The association between SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and transverse myelitis: A review.}, journal = {Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)}, volume = {79}, number = {}, pages = {103870}, doi = {10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103870}, pmid = {35702684}, issn = {2049-0801}, abstract = {In late 2019, the emergence of a new viral strain, later referred to as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) took the shape of a global pandemic, affecting millions of lives and deteriorating economies around the globe. Vaccines were developed at an exceptional rate to combat the viral desolation, all of them being rolled out once they displayed sufficient safety and efficacy. However, assorted adverse events came into attention, one of them being Transverse Myelitis (TM), an infrequent, immune-mediated, focal disease of the spinal cord. This disorder can lead to severe neurological complications including autonomic, sensory, and motor deficits. The literature aims to shed light on TM and its various etiologies, specifically in line with the vaccine, and a comprehensive treatment plan. Discussing and reducing the number of vaccines related adverse events can help succor in bringing down the vaccine hesitancy and ultimately combatting the pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid35702664, year = {2022}, author = {Heidari, A and Jafari Navimipour, N and Unal, M and Toumaj, S}, title = {Machine learning applications for COVID-19 outbreak management.}, journal = {Neural computing &amp; applications}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-36}, doi = {10.1007/s00521-022-07424-w}, pmid = {35702664}, issn = {0941-0643}, abstract = {Recently, the COVID-19 epidemic has resulted in millions of deaths and has impacted practically every area of human life. Several machine learning (ML) approaches are employed in the medical field in many applications, including detecting and monitoring patients, notably in COVID-19 management. Different medical imaging systems, such as computed tomography (CT) and X-ray, offer ML an excellent platform for combating the pandemic. Because of this need, a significant quantity of study has been carried out; thus, in this work, we employed a systematic literature review (SLR) to cover all aspects of outcomes from related papers. Imaging methods, survival analysis, forecasting, economic and geographical issues, monitoring methods, medication development, and hybrid apps are the seven key uses of applications employed in the COVID-19 pandemic. Conventional neural networks (CNNs), long short-term memory networks (LSTM), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), generative adversarial networks (GANs), autoencoders, random forest, and other ML techniques are frequently used in such scenarios. Next, cutting-edge applications related to ML techniques for pandemic medical issues are discussed. Various problems and challenges linked with ML applications for this pandemic were reviewed. It is expected that additional research will be conducted in the upcoming to limit the spread and catastrophe management. According to the data, most papers are evaluated mainly on characteristics such as flexibility and accuracy, while other factors such as safety are overlooked. Also, Keras was the most often used library in the research studied, accounting for 24.4 percent of the time. Furthermore, medical imaging systems are employed for diagnostic reasons in 20.4 percent of applications.}, }
@article {pmid35702629, year = {2022}, author = {Cairns, A and Hogan, J and Mackillop, L}, title = {Vaccinations in pregnancy.}, journal = {Obstetrics, gynaecology and reproductive medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.ogrm.2022.05.001}, pmid = {35702629}, issn = {1751-7214}, abstract = {Vaccinations are a cost-effective means of preventing disease. They may be recommended primarily for maternal benefit or for prevention of intrauterine fetal or early neonatal infection. Data from the International Network of Obstetric Survey Systems relating to the COVID-19 pandemic showed that for all countries studied (the UK, the Netherlands, Norway, Denmark, Finland and Italy), at least 80% of pregnant women admitted to critical care were unvaccinated. In the UK this figure was 98%. The MBRRACE-UK 2014 report, covering 2009-2012 during the H1N1 epidemic, demonstrated that one in eleven maternal mortalities were directly from influenza virus: more than half could have been prevented by the flu vaccine in pregnancy. Research is ongoing to develop additional vaccines for infections that cause detrimental effects to pregnant women and their infants. Theoretical concerns regarding adverse effects to the fetus and lack of efficacy have, in general, not been confirmed by clinical evidence. Nevertheless, live attenuated vaccines remain contraindicated due to risk of fetal infection. As with any clinical decision, advice on antenatal vaccination should be based on the balance of risks and benefits to mother and fetus. This article aims to guide such decisions by discussing the issues surrounding commonly used vaccines and presenting current UK guidelines.}, }
@article {pmid35702422, year = {2022}, author = {Shin, DH and Gillard, A and Van Wieren, A and Gomez-Manzano, C and Fueyo, J}, title = {Remission of Liquid Tumors and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: a Literature Review.}, journal = {Molecular therapy oncolytics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.omto.2022.06.006}, pmid = {35702422}, issn = {2372-7705}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has produced a new global challenge for patients with cancer. The disease and the immunosuppression induced by cancer therapies have generated a perfect storm of conditions to increase the severity of the symptoms and worsen the prognosis. However, a few clinical reports showcased the power of viruses to induce remission in some patients suffering from liquid tumors. Here we reviewed six cases of SARS-CoV-2 that resulted in cancer remission simultaneously highlighting the strengths and the unique challenges of oncolytic virotherapy. Virotherapy has become a special case of cancer immunotherapy. This paradigm-shifting concept suggests that oncolytic viruses are not only promising agents to combat particularly immunologically-suppressed, immunotherapy-resistant tumors but also that the trigger of local inflammation, such as SARS-CoV-2 infection of the respiratory pathways, may trigger an abscopal effect sufficient to induce the remission of systemic cancer.}, }
@article {pmid35702393, year = {2022}, author = {Valipour, M}, title = {Different Aspects of Emetine's Capabilities as a Highly Potent SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitor against COVID-19.}, journal = {ACS pharmacology &amp; translational science}, volume = {5}, number = {6}, pages = {387-399}, doi = {10.1021/acsptsci.2c00045}, pmid = {35702393}, issn = {2575-9108}, abstract = {In the global movement to find the appropriate agents to fight the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), emetine is one of the strongest anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds with sub-micromolar EC50 values, identified in several studies and high-throughput screening efforts. The reported anti-SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms indicate the effect of this compound on both virus-based and host-based targets. In addition to having excellent antiviral effects, emetine can relieve COVID-19 patients by reducing inflammation through inhibitory activity against NF-κB by the mechanism of IκBα phosphorylation inhibition; it can also limit the lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6. Emetine also can well reduce pulmonary arterial hypertension as an important COVID-19 complication by modulating a variety of cellular processes such as the Rho-kinase/CyPA/Bsg signaling pathway. The therapeutic value of emetine for combating COVID-19 was highlighted when in vivo pharmacokinetic studies showed that the concentration of this compound in the lungs increases significantly higher than the EC50 of the drug. Despite its valuable therapeutic effects, emetine has some cardiotoxic effects that limit its use in high doses. However, high therapeutic capabilities make emetine a valuable lead compound that can be used for the design and development of less toxic anti-COVID-19 agents in the future. This Review provides a collection of information on the capabilities of emetine and its potential for the treatment of COVID-19, along with structural analysis which could be used for further research in the future.}, }
@article {pmid35702376, year = {2022}, author = {Berger, U and Kauermann, G and Küchenhoff, H}, title = {Discussion on On the role of data, statistics and decisions in a pandemic: by Jahn et al (2022).}, journal = {Advances in statistical analysis : AStA : a journal of the German Statistical Society}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-4}, doi = {10.1007/s10182-022-00450-y}, pmid = {35702376}, issn = {1863-8171}, abstract = {The authors make an important contribution presenting a comprehensive and thoughtful overview about the many different aspects of data, statistics and data analyses in times of the recent COVID-19 pandemic discussing all relevant topics. The paper certainly provides a very valuable reflection of what has been done, what could have been done and what needs to be done. We contribute here with a few comments and some additional issues. We do not discuss all chapters of Jahn et al. (AStA Adv Stat Anal, 2022. 10.1007/s10182-022-00439-7), but focus on those where our personal views and experiences might add some additional aspects.}, }
@article {pmid35701851, year = {2022}, author = {Kiaie, SH and Majidi Zolbanin, N and Ahmadi, A and Bagherifar, R and Valizadeh, H and Kashanchi, F and Jafari, R}, title = {Recent advances in mRNA-LNP therapeutics: immunological and pharmacological aspects.}, journal = {Journal of nanobiotechnology}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, pages = {276}, pmid = {35701851}, issn = {1477-3155}, abstract = {In the last decade, the development of messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics by lipid nanoparticles (LNP) leads to facilitate clinical trial recruitment, which improves the efficacy of treatment modality to a large extent. Although mRNA-LNP vaccine platforms for the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated high efficiency, safety and adverse effects challenges due to the uncontrolled immune responses and inappropriate pharmacological interventions could limit this tremendous efficacy. The current study reveals the interplay of immune responses with LNP compositions and characterization and clarifies the interaction of mRNA-LNP therapeutics with dendritic, macrophages, neutrophile cells, and complement. Then, pharmacological profiles for mRNA-LNP delivery, including pharmacokinetics and cellular trafficking, were discussed in detail in cancer types and infectious diseases. This review study opens a new and vital landscape to improve multidisciplinary therapeutics on mRNA-LNP through modulation of immunopharmacological responses in clinical trials.}, }
@article {pmid35701719, year = {2022}, author = {Akkaif, MA and Sha'aban, A and Cesaro, A and Jaber, AAS and Vergara, A and Yunusa, I and Jatau, AI and Mohammed, M and Govindasamy, GS and Al-Mansoub, MA and Sheikh Abdul Kader, MA and Ibrahim, B}, title = {The impact of SARS-CoV-2 treatment on the cardiovascular system: an updated review.}, journal = {Inflammopharmacology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35701719}, issn = {1568-5608}, abstract = {The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a major global health problem. COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and exhibits pulmonary and extrapulmonary effects, including cardiovascular involvement. There are several attempts to identify drugs that could treat COVID-19. Moreover, many patients infected with COVID-19 have underlying diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases. These patients are more likely to develop severe illnesses and would require optimized treatment strategies. The current study gathered information from various databases, including relevant studies, reviews, trials, or meta-analyses until April 2022 to identify the impact of SARS-CoV-2 treatment on the cardiovascular system. Studies have shown that the prognosis of patients with underlying cardiovascular disease is worsened by COVID-19, with some COVID-19 medications interfering with the cardiovascular system. The COVID-19 treatment strategy should consider many factors and parameters to avoid medication-induced cardiac injury, mainly in elderly patients. Therefore, this article provides a synthesis of evidence on the impact of different COVID-19 medications on the cardiovascular system and related disease conditions.}, }
@article {pmid35698236, year = {2022}, author = {Paparella, R and Tarani, L and Properzi, E and Costantino, F and Saburri, C and Lucibello, R and Richetta, A and Spalice, A and Leonardi, L}, title = {Chilblain-like lesions onset during SARS-CoV-2 infection in a COVID-19-vaccinated adolescent: case report and review of literature.}, journal = {Italian journal of pediatrics}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {93}, pmid = {35698236}, issn = {1824-7288}, mesh = {Adolescent ; *COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; *Chilblains/diagnosis/etiology ; Child ; Humans ; Male ; Pandemics ; RNA, Messenger ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Skin Diseases/complications ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID toes or chilblain-like skin lesions have been widely reported during COVID-19 pandemic. Most cases were described in patients with negative microbiological tests for SARS-CoV-2, therefore the possible relationship with SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as with the nowadays broadly available mRNA-based vaccination, has not been fully elucidated. CASE PRESENTATION: We here describe the case of a 14-year-old male who developed chilblain-like skin eruptions during SARS-CoV-2 infection despite two mRNA-based vaccine doses and review the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of chilblain-like lesions as a cutaneous presentation of COVID-19 in children.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Most children and adolescent with COVID toes have a mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our report aims to highlight the possible onset of these skin lesions in vaccinated children, if infection has occurred, and the potential use of systemic corticosteroids as a first line treatment. Additional evidence is required to better understand SARS-CoV-2 infection and cutaneous manifestations in children and determine the relationship between chilblain-like lesions and COVID-19 vaccination.}, }
@article {pmid35695658, year = {2022}, author = {Bansal, A and D'Souza, B and Kapoor, DN and Singh, P and Starr, G and Muppireddy, KK}, title = {Crafting Immunological Response Using Particulate Vaccines.}, journal = {Critical reviews in therapeutic drug carrier systems}, volume = {39}, number = {4}, pages = {49-82}, doi = {10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2022040656}, pmid = {35695658}, issn = {2162-660X}, mesh = {Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Antigen Presentation ; Antigens ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Vaccines ; Vaccines, Subunit ; }, abstract = {To achieve optimal immunogenicity, particulates present a promising vehicle for antigen delivery and have the potential to skew immune response. Particulate vaccine offers several advantages including targeting of antigen to sentinel cells, protection from degradation, sustained release, and itself acts an adjuvant mimics viral structure. Adjuvant presence is vital in overcoming the poor immunogenicity of vaccines, e.g., subunit vaccines. Adjuvants have antigen dose sparing potential and provide danger signals to alert the immune system. Various particulate carriers received attention in the delivery of vaccine antigens such as virus-like particles, liposomes, immunostimulating complexes, and polymeric particles. This review also discussed the properties of particles such as size, shape, and rigidity affecting the immunological outcome. It further highlights the cellular uptake of the particulate vaccine, antigen processing, and its presentation by antigen-presenting cells. For mass vaccination, especially in countries lacking resources, effect of storage temperature condition on stability of vaccine is pivotal. The current COVID-19 pandemic is not showing any signs of abatement and role of nanocarriers are highly relevant in SARS-CoV-2 pandemic as an effective immunization strategy. Eradication of pandemic demands the rapid evaluation of multiple approaches that can provides successful vaccination platform, enabling scalability and global distribution.}, }
@article {pmid35695650, year = {2022}, author = {Jaiswal, A and Babu, V and Sethi, M and Baishya, B and Jaiswal, P and Joshi, R and Jugran, S and Ramola, B and Kumar, A}, title = {Structural Features of Coronavirus and the COVID-19 Pandemic's Impact in India.}, journal = {Journal of environmental pathology, toxicology and oncology : official organ of the International Society for Environmental Toxicology and Cancer}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, pages = {37-46}, doi = {10.1615/JEnvironPatholToxicolOncol.2022035706}, pmid = {35695650}, issn = {2162-6537}, mesh = {*Air Pollutants/analysis ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Communicable Disease Control ; Environmental Monitoring ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {The rapid transmission of COVID-19 infection around the world in a brief timeframe has caused an exponential decline in street traffic and other industrial activities in various parts of the world. The confined human collaboration with the nature at the time of this emergency has shown up as an advantage for Mother Nature after COVID-19 flare because the air present in the atmosphere and water flowing in river streams is upgrading and untamed life is blossoming. India, being consistently seen as the center of contamination due to a tremendous population, overwhelming road traffic and industries which contribute to heavy pollution prompting rise in air quality index for almost all the big cities of the country. However, after the announcement of lockdown because of COVID-19, the air quality begun to upgrade and other environmental variables, for example, water quality in streams and waterways have begun offering a positive hint towards restoration. This review gives a brief knowledge on the structure and genomic organization of novel coronavirus as well as it focuses on alterations in air and water quality along with its environmental consequences at specific locations of the country during lockdown due to this pandemic circumstance.}, }
@article {pmid35674538, year = {2022}, author = {Martin, D and Silveira, C and Ferraz, L and Matsue, RY}, title = {Migration and refuge: necessary topics for Nursing teaching in COVID-19 times.}, journal = {Revista brasileira de enfermagem}, volume = {75Suppl 2}, number = {Suppl 2}, pages = {e20210872}, doi = {10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0872}, pmid = {35674538}, issn = {1984-0446}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Delivery of Health Care ; *Emigrants and Immigrants ; Humans ; *Refugees ; *Transients and Migrants ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: to present an overview of migratory processes and access to health care for immigrants in Brazil and reflect on the importance of training in Nursing from an interdisciplinary perspective, focused on the care of this population in the context of a pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: this is a theoretical-reflective study based on the authors' experiences and anchored in the literature.<br><br>RESULTS: some particularities in the access to health services by migrants and refugees show how the pandemic's advancement and continuity impacted them in different ways. Interdisciplinary research and teaching are essential to study and better understand the health needs of the migrant population in Brazil, especially in the context of a pandemic.<br><br>FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the training of health professionals, especially in Nursing, must include these people's specificities so that future interventions are more sensitive and closer to their reality.}, }
@article {pmid35605335, year = {2022}, author = {Hagger, MS and Hamilton, K}, title = {Social cognition theories and behavior change in COVID-19: A conceptual review.}, journal = {Behaviour research and therapy}, volume = {154}, number = {}, pages = {104095}, doi = {10.1016/j.brat.2022.104095}, pmid = {35605335}, issn = {1873-622X}, mesh = {*COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; Psychological Theory ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Social Cognition ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has had unprecedented health, economic, and social consequences worldwide. Although contact reductions and wearing face coverings have reduced infection rates, and vaccines have reduced illness severity, emergence of new variants of the coronavirus that causes COVID-19, and the shift from pandemic to endemic patterns of infection, highlights the importance of ongoing preventive behavior adherence to manage future outbreaks. Research applying social cognition theories may assist in explaining variance in these behaviors and inform the development of efficacious behavior change interventions to promote adherence. In the present article, we summarize research applying these theories to identify modifiable determinants of COVID-19 preventive behaviors and the mechanisms involved, and their utility in informing interventions. We identify limitations of these applications (e.g., overreliance on correlational data, lack of long-term behavioral follow-up), and suggest how they can be addressed. We demonstrate the virtue of augmenting theories with additional constructs (e.g., moral norms, anticipated regret) and processes (e.g., multiple action phases, automatic processes) to provide comprehensive, parsimonious behavioral explanations. We also outline how the theories contribute to testing mechanisms of action of behavioral interventions. Finally, we recommend future studies applying these theories to inform and test interventions to promote COVID-19 preventive behavior adherence.}, }
@article {pmid35533191, year = {2022}, author = {Gilliland, S and Alber, S and Tregear, H and Hennigan, A and Weitzel, N}, title = {Year in Review 2021: Noteworthy Literature in Cardiothoracic Critical Care.}, journal = {Seminars in cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia}, volume = {26}, number = {2}, pages = {120-128}, doi = {10.1177/10892532221100663}, pmid = {35533191}, issn = {1940-5596}, mesh = {*COVID-19/therapy ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Critical Care ; Humans ; *Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {This year marked a number of milestones in critical care. As vaccines for the SARS-CoV-2 virus became widely available and were confirmed to be exceptionally effective against severe illness and hospitalization, we were then faced with new variants and the resource-intense responses necessary to combat them. Despite challenges new and old, we have persevered and continued to provide excellent care to our patients while pushing the boundaries of clinical research. This article is a collection of studies published in 2021 relevant to critical care, with a specific focus on cardiothoracic critical care. To ignore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic would do a disservice to our colleagues, many of whom have made incredible breakthroughs in novel therapies to the coronavirus, and yet we present additional themes of delirium, acute kidney injury, lung transplant, advances in ECMO as well as biomarkers of sepsis.}, }
@article {pmid35365055, year = {2022}, author = {Frkovich, J and Hedrick, H and Anakaraonye, AR and Bornkessel, A and Lefebvre, RC}, title = {Opioid-Related Public Health Communication Campaigns: An Environmental Scan.}, journal = {American journal of health promotion : AJHP}, volume = {36}, number = {6}, pages = {913-919}, doi = {10.1177/08901171221082471}, pmid = {35365055}, issn = {2168-6602}, mesh = {Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects ; *COVID-19 ; *Health Communication ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; *Opioid-Related Disorders ; Pandemics ; Public Health ; United States ; }, abstract = {The opioid overdose epidemic continues to devastate lives across the United States and has worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, we review 166 online-accessible opioid-related campaigns to understand the current state of the science and practice of campaigns to address the opioid crisis. The findings suggest that health promotion practitioners can have a greater impact on reducing overdose deaths if they move beyond awareness-raising messaging about opioid misuse and place a greater emphasis on driving demand for evidence-based treatments such as medications for opioid use disorder and on reducing stigma related to treatment and recovery.}, }
@article {pmid35311601, year = {2022}, author = {Khairnar, P and Soni, M and Handa, M and Riadi, Y and Kesharwani, P and Shukla, R}, title = {Recent highlights on Omicron as a new SARS-COVID-19 variant: evolution, genetic mutation, and future perspectives.}, journal = {Journal of drug targeting}, volume = {30}, number = {6}, pages = {603-613}, doi = {10.1080/1061186X.2022.2056187}, pmid = {35311601}, issn = {1029-2330}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Evolution, Molecular ; Humans ; Mutation ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; }, abstract = {COVID-19 has affected the lives of billions of people and is a causative agent for millions of deaths. After 23 months of the first reported case of COVID-19, on 25th November 2020, a new SARS-COVID-19 variant, i.e. Omicron was reported with a WHO tagline of VoC that trembled the world with its infectivity rate. This fifth VoC raised the concern about neutralising ability and adequate control of SARS-COVID-19 infection due to mass vaccination drive (nearly more than 4.7 billion individuals got vaccinated globally till December 2021). However, the present scenario of VoCs highlights the importance of vaccination and public health measures that need to be followed strictly to prevent the fatality from Omicron. The world still needs to overcome the hesitancy that poses a major barrier to the implementation of vaccination. This review highlights the SARS-COVID-19 situation and discusses in detail the mutational events that occurred at a cellular level in different variants over time. This article is dedicated to the scientific findings reported during the recent outbreak of 2019-2022 and describes their symptoms, disease, spread, treatment, and preventive action advised. The article also focuses on the treatment options available for Covid-19 and the update of Omicron by expert agencies.}, }
@article {pmid35302905, year = {2022}, author = {Mohseni Afshar, Z and Barary, M and Hosseinzadeh, R and Alijanpour, A and Hosseinzadeh, D and Ebrahimpour, S and Nazary, K and Sio, TT and Sullman, MJM and Carson-Chahhoud, K and Babazadeh, A}, title = {Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections after vaccination: a critical review.}, journal = {Human vaccines &amp; immunotherapeutics}, volume = {18}, number = {5}, pages = {2051412}, doi = {10.1080/21645515.2022.2051412}, pmid = {35302905}, issn = {2164-554X}, abstract = {At the beginning of the current pandemic, it was believed that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection would induce lifelong immunity and that reinfections would be unlikely. However, after several cases of reinfection were documented in previously infected patients, this was understood to be a false assumption, and this waning humoral immunity has raised significant concerns. Accordingly, long-term and durable vaccine-induced antibody protection against infection have also become a challenge, as several breakthroughs of COVID-19 infection have been identified in individuals who were fully vaccinated. This review discusses the current evidence on breakthrough COVID-19 infections occurring after vaccination.}, }
@article {pmid35213298, year = {2022}, author = {Brodie, D and Abrams, D and MacLaren, G and Brown, CE and Evans, L and Barbaro, RP and Calfee, CS and Hough, CL and Fowles, JA and Karagiannidis, C and Slutsky, AS and Combes, A}, title = {Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation during Respiratory Pandemics: Past, Present, and Future.}, journal = {American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine}, volume = {205}, number = {12}, pages = {1382-1390}, doi = {10.1164/rccm.202111-2661CP}, pmid = {35213298}, issn = {1535-4970}, abstract = {The role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the management of severe acute respiratory failure, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, has become better defined in recent years in light of emerging high-quality evidence and technological advances. Use of ECMO has consequently increased throughout many parts of the world. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, however, has highlighted deficiencies in organizational capacity, research capability, knowledge sharing, and resource use. Although governments, medical societies, hospital systems, and clinicians were collectively unprepared for the scope of this pandemic, the use of ECMO, a highly resource-intensive and specialized form of life support, presented specific logistical and ethical challenges. As the pandemic has evolved, there has been greater collaboration in the use of ECMO across centers and regions, together with more robust data reporting through international registries and observational studies. Nevertheless, centralization of ECMO capacity is lacking in many regions of the world, and equitable use of ECMO resources remains uneven. There are no widely available mechanisms to conduct large-scale, rigorous clinical trials in real time. In this critical care review, we outline lessons learned during COVID-19 and prior respiratory pandemics in which ECMO was used, and we describe how we might apply these lessons going forward, both during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and in the future.}, }
@article {pmid35139576, year = {2022}, author = {Carvalho, ACA and Reis, GCC and Oliveira, JGM and Borges, RF}, title = {Risks and Benefits of Breastfeeding in COVID-19: Integrative Literature Review.}, journal = {Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia}, volume = {44}, number = {5}, pages = {532-539}, doi = {10.1055/s-0041-1741031}, pmid = {35139576}, issn = {1806-9339}, mesh = {Breast Feeding ; *COVID-19 ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention &amp; control ; Pandemics ; Risk Assessment ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The present article seeks to consolidate existing knowledge on breastfeeding during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.<br><br>DATA SOURCE: Articles from 2020 and 2021 collected from the PubMed, CAPES, Virtual Health Library, Google Scholar, SciELO, and UpToDate databases were analyzed. Books and government documents published in the last decade (2010-2020) were also consulted.<br><br>STUDY SELECTION: Sixteen works were used in the present study. The date of publication and discussion of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through breast milk were the inclusion criteria. Thus, articles containing repeated information or with no relevance to add to the production were excluded. Data collection comprised critical reading and synthesis of the main information obtained on the subject, which were performed for the preparation of the present study. The research took place in the period from March 27 to April 2, 2021.<br><br>SYNTHESIS OF THE DATA: Breast milk has diverse benefits for both the nursing mother and the infant. The presence of viral RNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in milk from disease-positive mothers has been detected in a few cases, and infant infections in these conditions suggest oral transmission of maternal or third-party origin. The virulence of the novel coronavirus in human milk is not confirmed, while significant amounts of exclusive antibodies are.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Lactation in the context of COVID-19 has shown greater benefits than risks of vertical transmission. Therefore, it should be encouraged when possible.}, }
@article {pmid35701093, year = {2022}, author = {Dufour, JF and Marjot, T and Becchetti, C and Tilg, H}, title = {COVID-19 and liver disease.}, journal = {Gut}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326792}, pmid = {35701093}, issn = {1468-3288}, abstract = {Knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 infection and its resultant COVID-19 in liver diseases has rapidly increased during the pandemic. Hereby, we review COVID-19 liver manifestations and pathophysiological aspects related to SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients without liver disease as well as the impact of COVID-19 in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), particularly cirrhosis and liver transplantation (LT). SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with overt proinflammatory cytokine profile, which probably contributes substantially to the observed early and late liver abnormalities. CLD, particularly decompensated cirrhosis, should be regarded as a risk factor for severe COVID-19 and death. LT was impacted during the pandemic, mainly due to concerns regarding donation and infection in recipients. However, LT did not represent a risk factor per se of worse outcome. Even though scarce, data regarding COVID-19 specific therapy in special populations such as LT recipients seem promising. COVID-19 vaccine-induced immunity seems impaired in CLD and LT recipients, advocating for a revised schedule of vaccine administration in this population.}, }
@article {pmid35700455, year = {2022}, author = {Gao, JJ and Tseng, HP and Lin, CL and Hsu, RF and Lee, MH and Liu, CH}, title = {Acute encephalitis after COVID-19 vaccination: A case report and literature review.}, journal = {Human vaccines &amp; immunotherapeutics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {2082206}, doi = {10.1080/21645515.2022.2082206}, pmid = {35700455}, issn = {2164-554X}, abstract = {Vaccine-related immune responses are one of the causes of encephalitis. Vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) have been administered worldwide due to the ongoing global pandemic; cases of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination-related encephalitis were scarcely reported. An 82-year-old female was diagnosed with acute encephalitis following her first dose of vaccination with mRNA-1273 against SARS-CoV-2. The patient presented with fever and headache five days after vaccination, followed by behavior change 17 days after vaccination. Electroencephalographic recordings revealed focal slow waves in the right frontoparietal regions. Brain MRI revealed the signal change in the right middle and posterior temporal lobe. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed mildly elevated protein. She responded well to steroid pulse therapy and made a full recovery. The severity of the immune response following COVID-19 vaccination may be alleviated if adequate treatment is achieved. Physicians must be alert for encephalitis after vaccination to help ensure a favorable outcome.}, }
@article {pmid35700310, year = {2022}, author = {Campos, D and Girgis, M and Sanda, M}, title = {Site-specific glycosylation of SARS-CoV-2: Big challenges in mass spectrometry analysis.}, journal = {Proteomics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e2100322}, doi = {10.1002/pmic.202100322}, pmid = {35700310}, issn = {1615-9861}, abstract = {Glycosylation of viral proteins is required for the progeny formation and infectivity of virtually all viruses. It is increasingly clear that distinct glycans also play pivotal roles in the virus's ability to shield and evade the host's immune system. Recently, there has been a great advancement in structural identification and quantitation of viral glycosylation, especially spike proteins. Given the ongoing pandemic and the high demand for structure analysis of SARS-CoV-2 densely glycosylated spike protein, mass spectrometry methodologies have been employed to accurately determine glycosylation patterns. There are still many challenges in the determination of site-specific glycosylation of SARS-CoV-2 viral spike protein. This is compounded by some conflicting results regarding glycan site occupancy and glycan structural characterization. These are probably due to differences in the expression systems, form of expressed spike glycoprotein, MS methodologies, and analysis software. In this review, we recap the glycosylation of spike protein and compare among various studies. Also, we describe the most recent advancements in glycosylation analysis in greater detail and we explain some misinterpretation of previously observed data in recent publications. Our study provides a comprehensive view of the S protein glycosylation and highlights the importance of consistent glycosylation determination. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid35699916, year = {2022}, author = {Quinn, M and Dickinson, S and Shukla, S}, title = {Training Military Psychiatrists to Adapt and Overcome: How COVID-19 Highlighted the Unique Flexibility of Military Psychiatry in Training and in the Fleet.}, journal = {Current psychiatry reports}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35699916}, issn = {1535-1645}, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Born out of necessity, military medicine continues to find itself at the forefront of medical innovation. This generation of military physicians has never previously been challenged with continuing to provide top notch medical support to servicemembers in a variety of operational settings in the midst of a global pandemic. While military medicine has always been able to uniquely meet the educational goals of residency training, COVID-19 brought new challenges to the forefront.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: While the threat presented by COVID-19 was different from the historical battlefield threats and challenges that have given birth to military medicine, it was nevertheless ready to pivot and adjust course, focusing on how to best meet the medical needs of the military patient population in an ever-changing geopolitical environment while continuing to meet and exceed the educational standards that training programs are held to. Historically and currently, mental health remains one of the most common reasons that servicemembers are evacuated from combat zones. The COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity for modern military psychiatry to showcase its ability to adjust the educational focus in certain areas of residency training to prepare the next generation of military psychiatrists to be able to face the newest threat to force wellness.}, }
@article {pmid35699901, year = {2022}, author = {Trivedi, S and Chakravarty, A}, title = {Neurological Complications of Malaria.}, journal = {Current neurology and neuroscience reports}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35699901}, issn = {1534-6293}, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To discuss the neurological complications and pathophysiology of organ damage following malaria infection.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: The principal advancement made in malaria research has been a better understanding of the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria (CM), the most dreaded neurological complication generally caused by Plasmodium falciparum infection. However, no definitive treatment has yet been evolved other than the use of antimalarial drugs and supportive care. The development of severe cerebral edema in CM results from two distinct pathophysiologic mechanisms. First, the development of "sticky" red blood cells (RBCs) leads to cytoadherence, where red blood cells (RBCs) get stuck to the endothelial walls and between themselves, resulting in clogging of the brain microvasculature with resultant hypoxemia and cerebral edema. In addition, the P. falciparum-infected erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) molecules protrude from the raised knob structures on the RBCs walls and are in themselves made of a combination of human and parasite proteins in a tight complex. Antibodies to surfins, rifins, and stevors from the parasite are also located in the RBC membrane. On the human microvascular side, a range of molecules involved in host-parasite interactions, including CD36 and intracellular adhesion molecule 1, is activated during interaction with other molecules such as endothelial protein C receptor and thrombospondin. As a result, an inflammatory response occurs with the dysregulated release of cytokines (TNF, interleukins 1 and 10) which damage the blood-brain barrier (BBB), causing plasma leakage and brain edema. This second mechanism of CNS injury often involves multiple organs in adult patients in endemic areas but remains localized only to the central nervous system (CNS) among African children. Neurological sequelae may follow both P. falciparum and P. vivax infections. The major brain pathology of CM is brain edema with diffuse brain swelling resulting from the combined effects of reduced perfusion and hypoxemia of cerebral neurons due to blockage of the microvasculature by parasitized RBCs as well as the neurotoxic effect of released cytokines from a hyper-acute immune host reaction. A plethora of additional neurological manifestations have been associated with malaria, including posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS), malarial retinopathy, post-malarial neurological syndrome (PMNS), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), and cerebellar ataxia. Lastly, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on worldwide malaria control programs and the possible threat from co-infections is briefly discussed.}, }
@article {pmid35699687, year = {2022}, author = {Valenzuela, RL and Velasco, RIB and Jorge, MPPC}, title = {Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Sleep of Undergraduate Students: A Systematic Literature Review.}, journal = {Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/smi.3171}, pmid = {35699687}, issn = {1532-2998}, abstract = {The 2019 coronavirus pandemic forced the shift to distance education aggravating mental and physical vulnerabilities of undergraduate students, including sleep. This review aims to describe sleep problem rates and prevalence, sleep pattern disruption, sleep duration, sleep quality, insomnia symptoms, psychological and socio-economic factors affecting sleep of undergraduates in 22 countries. A systematic search for articles published from 2020-2021 using "COVID-19," "Coronavirus," "Pandemic," "Sleep," "Mental Health," and "Students" from PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane yielded 2550 articles, where 72 were included. Selection criteria were: English full-text available articles, undergraduates and not postgraduates, reported sleep outcomes, and participants not from allied health courses. Risk of bias was assessed using various Joanna Briggs Institute checklists and outcomes were descriptively synthesized. Prevalence of sleep problems was notable, while longitudinal studies showed increased rates. There was significantly increased sleep duration, and sleep pattern disruption during lockdowns. Several psychological, behavioral, environmental, demographic, and socio-economic factors were found to be associated with sleep changes. These highlight the pandemic's impact on sleep of undergraduate students and reveal opportunities for institutions to intervene with policies and programs to promote the well-being of undergraduates. Limitations include recall bias and underrepresentation of other countries. This study is self-funded with registration number RGAO-2021-0071. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid35699581, year = {2022}, author = {Alexander, R and Waite, S and Bruno, MA and Krupinski, EA and Berlin, L and Macknik, S and Martinez-Conde, S}, title = {Mandating Limits on Workload, Duty, and Speed in Radiology.}, journal = {Radiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {212631}, doi = {10.1148/radiol.212631}, pmid = {35699581}, issn = {1527-1315}, abstract = {Research has not yet quantified the effects of workload or duty hours on the accuracy of radiologists. With the exception of a brief reduction in imaging studies during the 2020 peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the workload of radiologists in the United States has seen relentless growth in recent years. One concern is that this increased demand could lead to reduced accuracy. Behavioral studies in species ranging from insects to humans have shown that decision speed is inversely correlated to decision accuracy. A potential solution is to institute workload and duty limits to optimize radiologist performance and patient safety. The concern, however, is that any prescribed mandated limits would be arbitrary and thus no more advantageous than allowing radiologists to self-regulate. Specific studies have been proposed to determine whether limits reduce error, and if so, to provide a principled basis for such limits. This could determine the precise susceptibility of individual radiologists to medical error as a function of speed during image viewing, the maximum number of studies that could be read during a work shift, and the appropriate shift duration as a function of time of day. Before principled recommendations for restrictions are made, however, it is important to understand how radiologists function both optimally and at the margins of adequate performance. This study examines the relationship between interpretation speed and error rates in radiology, the potential influence of artificial intelligence on reading speed and error rates, and the possible outcomes of imposed limits on both caseload and duty hours. This review concludes that the scientific evidence needed to make meaningful rules is lacking and notes that regulating workloads without scientific principles can be more harmful than not regulating at all.}, }
@article {pmid35699380, year = {2022}, author = {Kooshkaki, O and Asghari, A and Mahdavi, R and Azarkar, G and Parsamanesh, N}, title = {Potential of MicroRNAs As Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Respiratory Viruses: A Literature Review.}, journal = {DNA and cell biology}, volume = {41}, number = {6}, pages = {544-563}, doi = {10.1089/dna.2021.1101}, pmid = {35699380}, issn = {1557-7430}, abstract = {MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression through recognition of cognate sequences and interference of transcriptional, translational, or epigenetic processes. Hundreds of miRNA genes have been found in diverse viruses, and many of these are phylogenetically conserved. Respiratory viruses are the most frequent causative agents of disease in humans, with a significant impact on morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recently, the role of miRNAs in respiratory viral gene regulation, as well as host gene regulation during disease progression, has become a field of interest. This review highlighted the importance of various miRNAs and their potential role in fighting with respiratory viruses as therapeutic molecules with a focus on COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid35699161, year = {2022}, author = {Zhang, Y and Chen, X and Jia, L and Zhang, Y}, title = {Potential mechanism of SARS-CoV-2-associated central and peripheral nervous system impairment.}, journal = {Acta neurologica Scandinavica}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/ane.13657}, pmid = {35699161}, issn = {1600-0404}, support = {81571178//The National Science Foundation of China/ ; 81873761//The National Science Foundation of China/ ; 2018ZX10302104//National Science and Technology Major Special Program of the 13th Five-Year Plan of China/ ; }, abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is more than merely a respiratory disease, as it also presents with various neurological symptoms. SARS-CoV-2 may infect the central nervous system (CNS) and thus is neurotropic. However, the pathophysiological mechanism of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated neuropathy remains unclear. Many studies have reported that SARS-CoV-2 enters the CNS through the hematogenous and neuronal routes, as well as through the main host neurological immune responses and cells involved in these responses. The neurological immune responses to COVID-19 and potential mechanisms of the extensive neuroinflammation induced by SARS-CoV-2 have been investigated. Although CNS infection with SARS-CoV-2 was shown to lead to neuronal impairment, certain aspects of this mechanism remain controversial and require further analysis. In this review, we discussed the pathway and mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 invasion in the CNS, and associated clinical manifestations, such as anosmia, headache, and hyposmia. Moreover, the mechanism of neurological damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 may provide potential treatment methods for patients presenting with SARS-CoV-2-associated neuropathy.}, }
@article {pmid35698330, year = {2022}, author = {Pradhan, B and Nayak, R and Patra, S and Bhuyan, PP and Behera, PK and Mandal, AK and Behera, C and Ki, JS and Adhikary, SP and MubarakAli, D and Jena, M}, title = {A state-of-the-art review on fucoidan as an antiviral agent to combat viral infections.}, journal = {Carbohydrate polymers}, volume = {291}, number = {}, pages = {119551}, doi = {10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119551}, pmid = {35698330}, issn = {1879-1344}, abstract = {As a significant public health hazard with several drug side effects during medical treatment, searching for novel therapeutic natural medicines is promising. Sulfated polysaccharides from algae, such as fucoidan, have been discovered to have a variety of medical applications, including antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties. The review emphasized on the utilization of fucoidan as an antiviral agent against viral infections by inhibiting their attachment and replication. Moreover, it can also trigger immune response against viral infection in humans. This review suggested to be use the fucoidan for the potential protective remedy against COVID-19 and addressing the antiviral activities of sulfated polysaccharide, fucoidan derived from marine algae that could be used as an anti-COVID19 drug in near future.}, }
@article {pmid35698166, year = {2022}, author = {Justet, A and Zhao, AY and Kaminski, N}, title = {From COVID to fibrosis: lessons from single-cell analyses of the human lung.}, journal = {Human genomics}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, pages = {20}, pmid = {35698166}, issn = {1479-7364}, support = {T32GM136651-01/GF/NIH HHS/United States ; R01HL141852//NIH NHLBI/ ; }, abstract = {The increased resolution of single-cell RNA-sequencing technologies has led to major breakthroughs and improved our understanding of the normal and pathologic conditions of multiple tissues and organs. In the study of parenchymal lung disease, single-cell RNA-sequencing has better delineated known cell populations and identified novel cells and changes in cellular phenotypes and gene expression patterns associated with disease. In this review, we aim to highlight the advances and insights that have been made possible by applying these technologies to two seemingly very different lung diseases: fibrotic interstitial lung diseases, a group of relentlessly progressive lung diseases leading to pulmonary fibrosis, and COVID-19 pneumonia, an acute viral disease with life-threatening complications, including pulmonary fibrosis. We discuss changes in cell populations and gene expression, highlighting potential common features, such as alveolar cell epithelial injury and aberrant repair and monocyte-derived macrophage populations, as well as relevance and implications to mechanisms of disease and future directions.}, }
@article {pmid35697985, year = {2022}, author = {Kuppusamy, PP and Bhatia, A and Verma, A and Shah, NR and Pratyush, P and Shanmugarajan, V and Kim, SC and Poongavanam, G and Duraisamy, S}, title = {Accumulation of biomedical waste during the COVID-19 pandemic: concerns and strategies for effective treatment.}, journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35697985}, issn = {1614-7499}, abstract = {This study deals with the pollution impact of biomedical waste (BMW) generation due to the COVID-19 pandemic at both the global and national levels. This discussion is important in light of clear scientific evidence that, apart from the airborne transmission of the disease, the virus also survives on different surfaces and poses the risk of infection. Moreover, an investigation is conducted on BMW generation in tons/day in India during the COVID-19 period, with implications for future projection. Additionally, a pioneering study was conducted to estimate the usage of facemasks during the COVID-19 pandemic in India. This paper also provides a feasible solution, by adopting a modern perspective, towards managing BMW generated in the context of SARS-CoV-2 at isolation wards and crematoriums. Strategical approaches have been suggested for segregating and safely disposing BMW. The latest availability of disposal facilities is discussed based on source data provided by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), India. Among the many disposal methods, incineration technologies are examined in depth. The impact of existing incineration technology on the environment and human health has been extensively studied. This study suggests strategies for controlling BMW generation during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid35697921, year = {2022}, author = {Ramírez, V and Bautista, RJ and Frausto-González, O and Rodríguez-Peña, N and Betancourt, ET and Bautista, CJ}, title = {Developmental Programming in Animal Models: Critical Evidence of Current Environmental Negative Changes.}, journal = {Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35697921}, issn = {1933-7205}, abstract = {The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) approach answers questions surrounding the early events suffered by the mother during reproductive stages that can either partially or permanently influence the developmental programming of children, predisposing them to be either healthy or exhibit negative health outcomes in adulthood. Globally, vulnerable populations tend to present high obesity rates, including among school-age children and women of reproductive age. In addition, adults suffer from high rates of diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular, and other metabolic diseases. The increase in metabolic outcomes has been associated with the combination of maternal womb conditions and adult lifestyle-related factors such as malnutrition and obesity, smoking habits, and alcoholism. However, to date, "new environmental changes" have recently been considered negative factors of development, such as maternal sedentary lifestyle, lack of maternal attachment during lactation, overcrowding, smog, overurbanization, industrialization, noise pollution, and psychosocial stress experienced during the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Therefore, it is important to recognize how all these factors impact offspring development during pregnancy and lactation, a period in which the subject cannot protect itself from these mechanisms. This review aims to introduce the importance of studying DOHaD, discuss classical programming studies, and address the importance of studying new emerging programming mechanisms, known as actual lifestyle factors, during pregnancy and lactation.}, }
@article {pmid35697684, year = {2022}, author = {Li, X and Zhang, Z and Wang, Z and Gutiérrez-Castrellón, P and Shi, H}, title = {Cell deaths: Involvement in the pathogenesis and intervention therapy of COVID-19.}, journal = {Signal transduction and targeted therapy}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {186}, pmid = {35697684}, issn = {2059-3635}, support = {81201788//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; }, abstract = {The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has dramatically influenced various aspects of the world. It is urgent to thoroughly study pathology and underlying mechanisms for developing effective strategies to prevent and treat this threatening disease. It is universally acknowledged that cell death and cell autophagy are essential and crucial to maintaining host homeostasis and participating in disease pathogenesis. At present, more than twenty different types of cell death have been discovered, some parts of which have been fully understood, whereas some of which need more investigation. Increasing studies have indicated that cell death and cell autophagy caused by coronavirus might play an important role in virus infection and pathogenicity. However, the knowledge of the interactions and related mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 between cell death and cell autophagy lacks systematic elucidation. Therefore, in this review, we comprehensively delineate how SARS-CoV-2 manipulates diverse cell death (including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and NETosis) and cell autophagy for itself benefits, which is simultaneously involved in the occurrence and progression of COVID-19, aiming to provide a reasonable basis for the existing interventions and further development of novel therapies.}, }
@article {pmid35697665, year = {2022}, author = {Kolanthai, E and Neal, CJ and Kumar, U and Fu, Y and Seal, S}, title = {Antiviral nanopharmaceuticals: Engineered surface interactions and virus-selective activity.}, journal = {Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e1823}, doi = {10.1002/wnan.1823}, pmid = {35697665}, issn = {1939-0041}, support = {2027489//Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems CBET RAPID/ ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has inspired large research investments from the global scientific community in the study of viral properties and antiviral technologies (e.g., self-cleaning surfaces, virucides, antiviral drugs, and vaccines). Emerging viruses are a constant threat due to the substantial variation in viral structures, limiting the potential for expanded broad-spectrum antiviral agent development, and the complexity of targeting multiple and diverse viral species with unique characteristics involving their virulence. Multiple, more infectious variants of SARS-CoV2 (e.g., Delta, Omicron) have already appeared, necessitating research into versatile, robust control strategies in response to the looming threat of future viruses. Nanotechnology and nanomaterials have played a vital role in addressing current viral threats, from mRNA-based vaccines to nanoparticle-based drugs and nanotechnology enhanced disinfection methods. Rapid progress in the field has prompted a review of the current literature primarily focused on nanotechnology-based virucides and antivirals. In this review, a brief description of antiviral drugs is provided first as background with most of the discussion focused on key design considerations for high-efficacy antiviral nanomaterials (e.g., nanopharmaceuticals) as determined from published studies as well as related modes of biological activity. Insights into potential future research directions are also provided with a section devoted specifically to the SARS-CoV2 virus. This article is categorized under: Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomediciney > Toxicology of Nanomaterials Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Respiratory Disease.}, }
@article {pmid35694622, year = {2022}, author = {Wright, T and Mughal, F and Babatunde, OO and Dikomitis, L and Mallen, CD and Helliwell, T}, title = {Burnout among primary health-care professionals in low- and middle-income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Bulletin of the World Health Organization}, volume = {100}, number = {6}, pages = {385-401A}, doi = {10.2471/BLT.22.288300}, pmid = {35694622}, issn = {1564-0604}, mesh = {*Burnout, Professional/epidemiology/psychology ; Burnout, Psychological ; *COVID-19 ; Developing Countries ; Health Personnel/psychology ; Humans ; Prevalence ; }, abstract = {Objective: To estimate the prevalence of burnout among primary health-care professionals in low- and middle-income countries and to identify factors associated with burnout.<br><br>Methods: We systematically searched nine databases up to February 2022 to identify studies investigating burnout in primary health-care professionals in low- and middle-income countries. There were no language limitations and we included observational studies. Two independent reviewers completed screening, study selection, data extraction and quality appraisal. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate overall burnout prevalence as assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory subscales of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment. We narratively report factors associated with burnout.<br><br>Findings: The search returned 1568 articles. After selection, 60 studies from 20 countries were included in the narrative review and 31 were included in the meta-analysis. Three studies collected data during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic but provided limited evidence on the impact of the disease on burnout. The overall single-point prevalence of burnout ranged from 2.5% to 87.9% (43 studies). In the meta-analysis (31 studies), the pooled prevalence of a high level of emotional exhaustion was 28.1% (95% confidence interval, CI: 21.5-33.5), a high level of depersonalization was 16.4% (95% CI: 10.1-22.9) and a high level of reduced personal accomplishment was 31.9% (95% CI: 21.7-39.1).<br><br>Conclusion: The substantial prevalence of burnout among primary health-care professionals in low- and middle-income countries has implications for patient safety, care quality and workforce planning. Further cross-sectional studies are needed to help identify evidence-based solutions, particularly in Africa and South-East Asia.}, }
@article {pmid35691635, year = {2022}, author = {Lawson, AB and Kim, J}, title = {Issues in Bayesian prospective surveillance of spatial health data.}, journal = {Spatial and spatio-temporal epidemiology}, volume = {41}, number = {}, pages = {100431}, doi = {10.1016/j.sste.2021.100431}, pmid = {35691635}, issn = {1877-5853}, mesh = {*Bayes Theorem ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; }, abstract = {In this paper I review some of the major issues that arise when geo-referenced health data are to be the subject of prospective surveillance. The review focusses on modelbased approaches to this activity, and proposes the Bayesian paradigm as a convenient vehicle for modeling. Various posterior functional measures are discussed including the SCPO and SKL and a number of extensions to these are considered. Overall the value of Bayesian Hierarchical Modeling (BHM) with surveillance functionals is stressed in its relevance to early warning of adverse risk scenarios.}, }
@article {pmid35657560, year = {2022}, author = {Alten, R and An, Y and Kim, DH and Yoon, S and Peyrin-Biroulet, L}, title = {Re-Routing Infliximab Therapy: Subcutaneous Infliximab Opens a Path Towards Greater Convenience and Clinical Benefit.}, journal = {Clinical drug investigation}, volume = {42}, number = {6}, pages = {477-489}, pmid = {35657560}, issn = {1179-1918}, mesh = {Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects ; *Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy ; *Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/drug therapy ; Humans ; *Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/chemically induced/drug therapy ; Infliximab/therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; }, abstract = {Subcutaneous infliximab recently received approval for the treatment of various immune-mediated inflammatory diseases in Europe, following pivotal clinical trials in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. Subcutaneous infliximab demonstrated an improved pharmacokinetic profile compared with intravenous infliximab: the more stable exposure and increased systemic drug concentrations mean it has been cited as a biobetter. Alongside the pharmacokinetic advantages, potential benefits for efficacy, immunogenicity, and health-related quality-of-life outcomes have been suggested with subcutaneous infliximab. During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the benefits of subcutaneous over intravenous therapies became apparent: switching from intravenous to subcutaneous infliximab reduced the hospital visit-related healthcare resource burden and potential viral transmission. Clinical advantages observed in pivotal trials are also being seen in the real world. Accumulating experience from four European countries (the UK, Spain, France, and Germany) in patients with rheumatic diseases and inflammatory bowel disease supports clinical trial findings that subcutaneous infliximab is well tolerated, increases serum drug concentrations, and offers maintained or improved efficacy outcomes for patients switching from intravenous infliximab. Initial evidence is emerging with subcutaneous infliximab treatment after intravenous infliximab failure. High patient satisfaction and pharmacoeconomic benefits have also been reported with subcutaneous infliximab. Treatments aligned with patient preferences for the flexibility and convenience of at-home subcutaneous administration could boost adherence and treatment outcomes. Altogether, findings suggest that switching from intravenous to subcutaneous infliximab could be advantageous, and healthcare professionals should be prepared to discuss supporting data as part of shared decision making during patient consultations.}, }
@article {pmid35417285, year = {2022}, author = {Jamshidi, E and Asgary, A and Shafiekhani, P and Khajeamiri, Y and Mohamed, K and Esmaily, H and Jamal Rahi, S and Mansouri, N}, title = {Longevity of immunity following COVID-19 vaccination: a comprehensive review of the currently approved vaccines.}, journal = {Human vaccines &amp; immunotherapeutics}, volume = {18}, number = {5}, pages = {2037384}, doi = {10.1080/21645515.2022.2037384}, pmid = {35417285}, issn = {2164-554X}, mesh = {2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273 ; Ad26COVS1 ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; BNT162 Vaccine ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; *COVID-19 Vaccines ; ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 ; Humans ; Vaccination ; }, abstract = {It is unknown how long the immunity following COVID-19 vaccination lasts. The current systematic review provides a perspective on the persistence of various antibodies for available vaccines.Both the BNT162b2 and the mRNA-1273 induce the production of IgA antibodies, reflecting the possible prevention of the asymptomatic spread. The mRNA-1273 vaccine's antibodies were detectable until 6 months, followed by the AZD1222, 3 months, the Ad26.COV2.S and the BNT162b2 vaccines within 2 months.The BNT162b2 produced anti-spike IgGs 11 days after the first dose and peaked at day 21, whereas the AZD1222 induced a neutralizing effect 22 days after the first dose.These vaccines induce T-cell mediated immune responses too. Each one of the AZD1222, Ad26.COV2.S, mRNA-1273 mediates T-cell response immunity at days 14-22, 15, and 43 after the first dose, respectively. Whereas for the BNT162b1 and BNT162b2 vaccines, T-cell immunity is induced 7 days and 12 weeks after the booster dose, respectively.}, }
@article {pmid35373686, year = {2022}, author = {Kartoglu, U and Ames, H}, title = {Ensuring quality and integrity of vaccines throughout the cold chain: the role of temperature monitoring.}, journal = {Expert review of vaccines}, volume = {21}, number = {6}, pages = {799-810}, doi = {10.1080/14760584.2022.2061462}, pmid = {35373686}, issn = {1744-8395}, mesh = {*COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Drug Storage ; Humans ; Refrigeration ; Temperature ; *Vaccines ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Vaccines have continually proven their inestimable value to the world through the eradication of smallpox, gains achieved toward a polio-free world, and controlling other vaccine-preventable diseases. Although vaccines require certain temperatures and conditions to maintain their potency, supply chain controls vary greatly at different legs of the global journey. Vaccine manufacture is closely managed, but inconsistencies plague the cold chain when vaccines are shipped and stored in variable conditions. Monitoring vaccine temperatures throughout the cold chain is of paramount importance to ensure quality. The emerging COVID-19 vaccines present the world with new challenges and additional opportunities to establish best practices for safeguarding human health.<br><br>AREAS COVERED: We review the risks associated with the vaccine cold chain that require temperature monitoring throughout shipment and storage. Electronic and chemical monitoring devices are compared along with data needs. Regulatory oversight and guidance are also discussed.<br><br>EXPERT OPINION: Regulatory oversight has contributed to the creation of a risk management and quality culture among private sector players in the vaccine field. Meanwhile, the public sector (the main player at the country level) remains largely untouched by regulatory oversight. Adherence to best practices shall only be possible with increased regulatory oversight of public sector operations.}, }
@article {pmid35307579, year = {2022}, author = {Marin, C and Hummel, T and Liu, Z and Mullol, J}, title = {Chronic Rhinosinusitis and COVID-19.}, journal = {The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {1423-1432}, doi = {10.1016/j.jaip.2022.03.003}, pmid = {35307579}, issn = {2213-2201}, mesh = {Anosmia ; *COVID-19 ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; *Nasal Polyps/complications/epidemiology/therapy ; *Olfaction Disorders/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; *Rhinitis/epidemiology/etiology/therapy ; *Sinusitis/epidemiology/etiology/therapy ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has raised awareness about olfactory dysfunction, although a loss of smell was present in the general population before COVID-19. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common upper airway chronic inflammatory disease that is also one of the most common causes of olfactory dysfunction. It can be classified into different phenotypes (ie, with and without nasal polyps) and endotypes (ie, type 2 and non-type 2 inflammation). However, scientific information regarding CRS within the context of COVID-19 is still scarce. This review focuses on (1) the potential effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection on CRS symptoms, including a loss of smell, and comorbidities; (2) the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in the olfactory dysfunction; (3) CRS diagnosis in the context of COVID-19, including telemedicine; (4) the protective hypothesis of CRS in COVID-19; and (5) the efficacy and safety of therapeutic options for CRS within the context of COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid34986778, year = {2022}, author = {Khalili-Tanha, G and Khazaei, M and Soleimanpour, S and Ferns, GA and Avan, A}, title = {The Chance of COVID-19 Infection after Vaccination.}, journal = {Infectious disorders drug targets}, volume = {22}, number = {3}, pages = {e050122199980}, doi = {10.2174/1871526522666220105113829}, pmid = {34986778}, issn = {2212-3989}, mesh = {*COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; *Reinfection/epidemiology ; Vaccination ; }, abstract = {The outbreak of COVID-19 that was first reported in Wuhan, China, has constituted a new emerging epidemic that has spread around the world. There are some reports illustrating the patients getting re-infected after recovering from COVID-19. Here, we provide an overview of the biphasic cycle of COVID-19, genetic diversity, immune response, and a chance of reinfection after recovering from COVID-19. The new generation of COVID-19 is a highly contagious and pathogenic infection that can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Whilst most patients suffer from a mild form of the disease, there is a rising concern that patients who recover from COVID-19 may be at risk of reinfection. The proportion of the infected population is increasing worldwide; meanwhile, the rate and concern of reinfection by the recovered population are still high. Moreover, there is little evidence on the chance of COVID-19 infection even after vaccination, which is around one percent or less. Although the hypothesis of zero reinfections after vaccination has not been clinically proven, further studies should be performed on the recovered class in clusters to study the progression of the exposure with the re-exposed subpopulations to estimate the possibilities of reinfection and, thereby, advocate the use of these antibodies for vaccine creation.}, }
@article {pmid34689960, year = {2022}, author = {Shah, JN and Guo, GQ and Krishnan, A and Ramesh, M and Katari, NK and Shahbaaz, M and Abdellattif, MH and Singh, SK and Dua, K}, title = {Peptides-based therapeutics: Emerging potential therapeutic agents for COVID-19.}, journal = {Therapie}, volume = {77}, number = {3}, pages = {319-328}, doi = {10.1016/j.therap.2021.09.007}, pmid = {34689960}, issn = {1958-5578}, mesh = {Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/drug therapy ; Humans ; Peptides/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry/metabolism ; }, abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 is a positive-sense RNA virus and it is the causative agent of the global COVID-19 outbreak. COVID-19 is similar to the previous outbreaks for instance SARS in 2002-2003 and MERS in 2012. As the peptides have many advantages, peptide-based therapeutics might be one of the possible ways in the development of COVID-19 specific drugs. SARS-CoV-2 enters into a human via its S protein by attaching with human hACE2 present on the cell membrane in the lungs and intestines of humans. hACE2 cleaves S protein into the S1 subunit for viral attachment and the S2 subunit for fusion with the host cell membrane. The fusion mechanism forms a six-helical bundle (6-HB) structure which finally fuses the viral envelope with the host cell membrane. hACE2 based peptides such as SBP1 and Spikeplug have shown their potential as antiviral agents. S protein-hACE2 interaction and the SARS-CoV-2 fusion machinery play a crucial part in human viral infection. It is evident that if these interactions could be blocked successfully and efficiently, it could be the way to find the drug for COVID-19. Several peptide-based inhibitors are potent inhibitors of S protein-hACE2 interaction. Similarly, the antiviral activity of the antimicrobial peptide, lactoferrin makes it an important candidate for the COVID-19 drug development process. A candidate drug, RhACE2-APN01 based on recombinant hACE2 peptide has already entered phase II clinical trials. This review sheds light on different aspects of the feasibility of using peptide-based therapeutics as the promising therapeutic route for COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid34672606, year = {2021}, author = {Deutsch, EW and Omenn, GS and Sun, Z and Maes, M and Pernemalm, M and Palaniappan, KK and Letunica, N and Vandenbrouck, Y and Brun, V and Tao, SC and Yu, X and Geyer, PE and Ignjatovic, V and Moritz, RL and Schwenk, JM}, title = {Advances and Utility of the Human Plasma Proteome.}, journal = {Journal of proteome research}, volume = {20}, number = {12}, pages = {5241-5263}, doi = {10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00657}, pmid = {34672606}, issn = {1535-3907}, support = {P30 ES017885/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States ; R01 GM087221/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; R24 GM127667/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; S10 OD026936/OD/NIH HHS/United States ; U19 AG023122/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; U24 CA210967/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Aging/genetics ; COVID-19/genetics ; Databases, Protein ; Hemostasis/genetics ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; *Proteome/genetics ; Proteomics/*trends ; }, abstract = {The study of proteins circulating in blood offers tremendous opportunities to diagnose, stratify, or possibly prevent diseases. With recent technological advances and the urgent need to understand the effects of COVID-19, the proteomic analysis of blood-derived serum and plasma has become even more important for studying human biology and pathophysiology. Here we provide views and perspectives about technological developments and possible clinical applications that use mass-spectrometry(MS)- or affinity-based methods. We discuss examples where plasma proteomics contributed valuable insights into SARS-CoV-2 infections, aging, and hemostasis and the opportunities offered by combining proteomics with genetic data. As a contribution to the Human Proteome Organization (HUPO) Human Plasma Proteome Project (HPPP), we present the Human Plasma PeptideAtlas build 2021-07 that comprises 4395 canonical and 1482 additional nonredundant human proteins detected in 240 MS-based experiments. In addition, we report the new Human Extracellular Vesicle PeptideAtlas 2021-06, which comprises five studies and 2757 canonical proteins detected in extracellular vesicles circulating in blood, of which 74% (2047) are in common with the plasma PeptideAtlas. Our overview summarizes the recent advances, impactful applications, and ongoing challenges for translating plasma proteomics into utility for precision medicine.}, }
@article {pmid34651559, year = {2022}, author = {Lukanović, D and Laganà, AS}, title = {The impact of Covid-19 on simulation-based learning of gynecology and obstetrics skills.}, journal = {Minimally invasive therapy &amp; allied technologies : MITAT : official journal of the Society for Minimally Invasive Therapy}, volume = {31}, number = {5}, pages = {684-689}, doi = {10.1080/13645706.2021.1987923}, pmid = {34651559}, issn = {1365-2931}, abstract = {Simulation-based learning can be defined as a modern learning and training method. The pan-European curriculum for training in obstetrics and gynecology PACT (Project for Achieving Consensus in Training) incorporates medical simulation and recommends its urgent implementation in the national residency programs of individual countries. The current Covid-19 pandemic presents challenges to the medical community. During the first wave of the pandemic, Italy was the most severely affected EU country, whereas during the second wave Slovenia was among those most affected. The severe limitations of the lockdown and post-lockdown led to significant changes in all healthcare organizations and, consequently, also training activities in obstetrics and gynecology. Limitations on training during the Covid-19 pandemic may have severely impacted the opportunity to learn basic clinical and surgical skills. A potential strategy for overcoming these limitations was offered by simulation activities, which allowed trainees to receive basic training in our discipline and prevented an additional "lockdown" of their learning and development of skills. This type of simulation training will be of paramount importance, considering the paradigm shift caused by the Covid-19 pandemic in lifestyle and healthcare activities.Abbreviations: ACOG: American college of obstetricians and gynecologists; EBCOG: European board and college of obstetrics and gynaecology; ICU: intensive care unit; OR: operating room; PACT: project for achieving consensus in training; PUI: patient under investigation.}, }
@article {pmid34647622, year = {2022}, author = {Kuno, T and Sahashi, Y and Kawahito, S and Takahashi, M and Iwagami, M and Egorova, NN}, title = {Prediction of in-hospital mortality with machine learning for COVID-19 patients treated with steroid and remdesivir.}, journal = {Journal of medical virology}, volume = {94}, number = {3}, pages = {958-964}, doi = {10.1002/jmv.27393}, pmid = {34647622}, issn = {1096-9071}, mesh = {Adenosine Monophosphate/analogs &amp; derivatives ; Alanine/analogs &amp; derivatives ; *COVID-19/drug therapy ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Machine Learning ; Steroids/therapeutic use ; }, abstract = {We aimed to create the prediction model of in-hospital mortality using machine learning methods for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treated with steroid and remdesivir. We reviewed 1571 hospitalized patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 from the Mount Sinai Health System treated with both steroids and remdesivir. The important variables associated with in-hospital mortality were identified using LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) through the light gradient boosting model (GBM). The data before February 17th, 2021 (N = 769) was randomly split into training and testing datasets; 80% versus 20%, respectively. Light GBM models were created with train data and area under the curves (AUCs) were calculated. Additionally, we calculated AUC with the data between February 17th, 2021 and March 30th, 2021 (N = 802). Of the 1571 patients admitted due to COVID-19, 331 (21.1%) died during hospitalization. Through LASSO and SHAP, we selected six important variables; age, hypertension, oxygen saturation, blood urea nitrogen, intensive care unit admission, and endotracheal intubation. AUCs using training and testing datasets derived from the data before February 17th, 2021 were 0.871/0.911. Additionally, the light GBM model has high predictability for the latest data (AUC: 0.881) (https://risk-model.herokuapp.com/covid). A high-value prediction model was created to estimate in-hospital mortality for COVID-19 patients treated with steroid and remdesivir.}, }
@article {pmid34645374, year = {2022}, author = {Abdurrahman, L and Fang, X and Zhang, Y}, title = {Molecular Insights of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Molecular Treatments.}, journal = {Current molecular medicine}, volume = {22}, number = {7}, pages = {621-639}, doi = {10.2174/1566524021666211013121831}, pmid = {34645374}, issn = {1875-5666}, support = {BX-0048//Robert A. Welch Foundation/ ; }, mesh = {Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/drug therapy ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; }, abstract = {The coronavirus disease emerged in December 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Its rapid global spread has brought an international health emergency and urgent responses for seeking efficient prevention and therapeutic treatment. This has led to imperative needs for illustration of the molecular pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, identification of molecular targets or receptors, and development of antiviral drugs, antibodies, and vaccines. In this study, we investigated the current research progress in combating SARS-CoV-2 infection. Based on the published research findings, we first elucidated, at the molecular level, SARS-CoV-2 viral structures, potential viral host-cell-invasion, pathogenic mechanisms, main virus-induced immune responses, and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. We then focused on the main virus- and host-based potential targets and summarized and categorized effective inhibitory molecules based on drug development strategies for COVID-19 that can guide efforts for the identification of new drugs and treatment for this problematic disease. Current research and development of antibodies and vaccines were also introduced and discussed. We concluded that the main virus entry route- SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interaction with ACE2 receptors played a key role in guiding the development of therapeutic treatments against COVID-19. Four main strategies may be considered in developing molecular therapeutics, and drug repurposing is likely to be an easy, fast and low-cost approach in such a short period of time with urgent need of antiviral drugs. Additionally, the quick development of antibody and vaccine candidates has yielded promising results, but the wide-scale deployment of safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines remains paramount in solving the pandemic crisis. As new variants of the virus emerge, the efficacy of these vaccines and treatments must be closely evaluated. Finally, we discussed the possible challenges of developing molecular therapeutics for COVID-19 and suggested some potential future efforts. Despite the limited availability of literature, our attempt in this work to provide a relatively comprehensive overview of current SARS-CoV-2 studies can be helpful for quickly acquiring the key information of COVID-19 and further promoting this important research to control and diminish the pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid35697400, year = {2022}, author = {Quintero, J and Rodríguez-Quiroga, A and Álvarez-Mon, MÁ and Mora, F and Rostain, AL}, title = {Addressing the Treatment and Service Needs of Young Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.}, journal = {Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America}, volume = {31}, number = {3}, pages = {531-551}, doi = {10.1016/j.chc.2022.03.007}, pmid = {35697400}, issn = {1558-0490}, abstract = {The transition from adolescence to adulthood is a complex period in which multiple changes take place (education, work, independent living, and social relations). This stage is especially difficult for adolescents suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), who have to move on from child and adolescent mental health services to adult mental health services. This review analyzes developmental and environmental risk and protective factors as well as critical variables such as executive functioning and self-monitoring that influence the course of ADHD in transitional age youth and guide the priorities for an optimal transition of care. The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic is also discussed. We reflect on the unmet needs for an optimal transition of care and propose practice and policy recommendations to achieve this goal.}, }
@article {pmid35697043, year = {2022}, author = {Gibbs, KD and Schott, BH and Ko, DC}, title = {The Awesome Power of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease.}, journal = {Annual review of genetics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1146/annurev-genet-080320-010449}, pmid = {35697043}, issn = {1545-2948}, abstract = {Since the identification of sickle cell trait as a heritable form of resistance to malaria, candidate gene studies, linkage analysis paired with sequencing, and genome-wide association (GWA) studies have revealed many examples of genetic resistance and susceptibility to infectious diseases. GWA studies enabled the identification of many common variants associated with small shifts in susceptibility to infectious diseases. This is exemplified by multiple loci associated with leprosy, malaria, HIV, tuberculosis, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which illuminate genetic architecture and implicate pathways underlying pathophysiology. Despite these successes, most of the heritability of infectious diseases remains to be explained. As the field advances, current limitations may be overcome by applying methodological innovations such as cellular GWA studies and phenome-wide association (PheWA) studies as well as by improving methodological rigor with more precise case definitions, deeper phenotyping, increased cohort diversity, and functional validation of candidate loci in the laboratory or human challenge studies. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Genetics, Volume 56 is November 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.}, }
@article {pmid35696291, year = {2022}, author = {Pednekar, DD and Liguori, MA and Marques, CNH and Zhang, T and Zhang, N and Zhou, Z and Amoako, K and Gu, H}, title = {From Static to Dynamic: A Review on the Role of Mucus Heterogeneity in Particle and Microbial Transport.}, journal = {ACS biomaterials science &amp; engineering}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00182}, pmid = {35696291}, issn = {2373-9878}, abstract = {Mucus layers (McLs) are on the front line of the human defense system that protect us from foreign abiotic/biotic particles (e.g., airborne virus SARS-CoV-2) and lubricates our organs. Recently, the impact of McLs on human health (e.g., nutrient absorption and drug delivery) and diseases (e.g., infections and cancers) has been studied extensively, yet their mechanisms are still not fully understood due to their high variety among organs and individuals. We characterize these variances as the heterogeneity of McLs, which lies in the thickness, composition, and physiology, making the systematic research on the roles of McLs in human health and diseases very challenging. To advance mucosal organoids and develop effective drug delivery systems, a comprehensive understanding of McLs' heterogeneity and how it impacts mucus physiology is urgently needed. When the role of airway mucus in the penetration and transmission of coronavirus (CoV) is considered, this understanding may also enable a better explanation and prediction of the CoV's behavior. Hence, in this Review, we summarize the variances of McLs among organs, health conditions, and experimental settings as well as recent advances in experimental measurements, data analysis, and model development for simulations.}, }
@article {pmid35696066, year = {2022}, author = {Luxi, N and Giovanazzi, A and Arcolaci, A and Bonadonna, P and Crivellaro, MA and Cutroneo, PM and Ferrajolo, C and Furci, F and Guidolin, L and Moretti, U and Olivieri, E and Petrelli, G and Zanoni, G and Senna, G and Trifirò, G}, title = {Allergic Reactions to COVID-19 Vaccines: Risk Factors, Frequency, Mechanisms and Management.}, journal = {BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35696066}, issn = {1179-190X}, abstract = {Conventional vaccines have been widely studied, along with their risk of causing allergic reactions. These generally consist of mild local reactions and only rarely severe anaphylaxis. Although all the current COVID-19 vaccines marketed in Europe have been shown to be safe overall in the general population, early post-marketing evidence has shown that mRNA-based vaccines using novel platforms (i.e., lipid nanoparticles) were associated with an increased risk of severe allergic reactions as compared to conventional vaccines. In this paper we performed an updated literature review on frequency, risk factors, and underlying mechanisms of COVID-19 vaccine-related allergies by searching MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases. We also conducted a qualitative search on VigiBase and EudraVigilance databases to identify reports of "Hypersensitivity" and "Anaphylactic reaction" potentially related to COVID-19 vaccines (Comirnaty, Spikevax, Vaxzevria and COVID-19 Janssen Vaccine), and in EudraVigilance to estimate the reporting rates of "Anaphylactic reaction" and "Anaphylactic shock" after COVID-19 vaccination in the European population. We also summarized the scientific societies' and regulatory agencies' recommendations for prevention and management of COVID-19 vaccine-related allergic reactions, especially in those with a history of allergy.}, }
@article {pmid35695974, year = {2022}, author = {Han, X and Hou, H and Xu, J and Ren, J and Li, S and Wang, Y and Yang, H and Wang, Y}, title = {Significant association between HIV infection and increased risk of COVID-19 mortality: a meta-analysis based on adjusted effect estimates.}, journal = {Clinical and experimental medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35695974}, issn = {1591-9528}, support = {81973105//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; }, abstract = {To investigate the relationship between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the risk of mortality among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients based on adjusted effect estimate by a quantitative meta-analysis. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled effect size (ES) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). I2 statistic, sensitivity analysis, Begg's test, meta-regression and subgroup analyses were also conducted. This meta-analysis presented that HIV infection was associated with a significantly higher risk of COVID-19 mortality based on 40 studies reporting risk factors-adjusted effects with 131,907,981 cases (pooled ES 1.43, 95% CI 1.25-1.63). Subgroup analyses by male proportion and setting yielded consistent results on the significant association between HIV infection and the increased risk of COVID-19 mortality. Allowing for the existence of heterogeneity, further meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted to seek the possible source of heterogeneity. None of factors might be possible reasons for heterogeneity in the further analyses. Sensitivity analysis indicated the robustness of this meta-analysis. The Begg's test manifested that there was no publication bias (P = 0.2734). Our findings demonstrated that HIV infection was independently associated with a significantly increased risk of mortality in COVID-19 patients. Further well-designed studies based on prospective study estimates are warranted to confirm our findings.}, }
@article {pmid35695850, year = {2022}, author = {Zhao, Z and Li, R and Ma, Y and Islam, I and Rajper, AMA and Song, W and Ren, H and Tse, ZTH}, title = {Supporting Technologies for COVID-19 Prevention: Systemized Review.}, journal = {JMIRx med}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {e30344}, doi = {10.2196/30344}, pmid = {35695850}, issn = {2563-6316}, abstract = {Background: During COVID-19, clinical and health care demands have been on the rapid rise. Major challenges that have arisen during the pandemic have included a lack of testing kits, shortages of ventilators to treat severe cases of COVID-19, and insufficient accessibility to personal protective equipment for both hospitals and the public. New technologies have been developed by scientists, researchers, and companies in response to these demands.<br><br>Objective: The primary objective of this review is to compare different supporting technologies in the subjugation of the COVID-19 spread.<br><br>Methods: In this paper, 150 news articles and scientific reports on COVID-19-related innovations during 2020-2021 were checked, screened, and shortlisted to yield a total of 23 articles for review. The keywords "COVID-19 technology," "COVID-19 invention," and "COVID-19 equipment" were used in a Google search to generate related news articles and scientific reports. The search was performed on February 1, 2021. These were then categorized into three sections, which are personal protective equipment (PPE), testing methods, and medical treatments. Each study was analyzed for its engineering characteristics and potential social impact on the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>Results: A total of 9 articles were selected for review concerning PPE. In general, the design and fabrication of PPE were moving toward the direction of additive manufacturing and intelligent information feedback while being eco-friendly. Moreover, 8 articles were selected for reviewing testing methods within the two main categories of molecular and antigen tests. All the inventions endeavored to increase sensitivity while reducing the turnaround time. However, the inventions reported in this review paper were not sufficiently tested for their safety and efficiency. Most of the inventions are temporary solutions intended to be used only during shortages of medical resources. Finally, 6 articles were selected for the review of COVID-19 medical treatment. The major challenge identified was the uncertainty in applying novel ideas to speed up the production of ventilators.<br><br>Conclusions: The technologies developed during the COVID-19 pandemic were considered for review. In order to better respond to future pandemics, national reserves of critical medical supplies should be increased to improve preparation. This pandemic has also highlighted the need for the automation and optimization of medical manufacturing.}, }
@article {pmid35695334, year = {2022}, author = {Kramer, A and Prinz, C and Fichtner, F and Fischer, AL and Thieme, V and Grundeis, F and Spagl, M and Seeber, C and Piechotta, V and Metzendorf, MI and Golinski, M and Moerer, O and Stephani, C and Mikolajewska, A and Kluge, S and Stegemann, M and Laudi, S and Skoetz, N}, title = {Janus kinase inhibitors for the treatment of COVID-19.}, journal = {The Cochrane database of systematic reviews}, volume = {6}, number = {}, pages = {CD015209}, pmid = {35695334}, issn = {1469-493X}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: With potential antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors represent a potential treatment for symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. They may modulate the exuberant immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, a direct antiviral effect has been described. An understanding of the current evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors as a treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is required.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of systemic JAK inhibitors plus standard of care compared to standard of care alone (plus/minus placebo) on clinical outcomes in individuals (outpatient or in-hospital) with any severity of COVID-19, and to maintain the currency of the evidence using a living systematic review approach.<br><br>SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register (comprising MEDLINE, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, medRxiv, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), Web of Science, WHO COVID-19 Global literature on coronavirus disease, and the US Department of Veterans Affairs Evidence Synthesis Program (VA ESP) Covid-19 Evidence Reviews to identify studies up to February 2022. We monitor newly published randomised controlled trials (RCTs) weekly using the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, and have incorporated all new trials from this source until the first week of April 2022.<br><br>SELECTION CRITERIA: We included RCTs that compared systemic JAK inhibitors plus standard of care to standard of care alone (plus/minus placebo) for the treatment of individuals with COVID-19. We used the WHO definitions of illness severity for COVID-19.<br><br>DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We assessed risk of bias of primary outcomes using Cochrane's Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool. We used GRADE to rate the certainty of evidence for the following primary outcomes: all-cause mortality (up to day 28), all-cause mortality (up to day 60), improvement in clinical status: alive and without need for in-hospital medical care (up to day 28), worsening of clinical status: new need for invasive mechanical ventilation or death (up to day 28), adverse events (any grade), serious adverse events, secondary infections.<br><br>MAIN RESULTS: We included six RCTs with 11,145 participants investigating systemic JAK inhibitors plus standard of care compared to standard of care alone (plus/minus placebo). Standard of care followed local protocols and included the application of glucocorticoids (five studies reported their use in a range of 70% to 95% of their participants; one study restricted glucocorticoid use to non-COVID-19 specific indications), antibiotic agents, anticoagulants, and antiviral agents, as well as non-pharmaceutical procedures. At study entry, about 65% of participants required low-flow oxygen, about 23% required high-flow oxygen or non-invasive ventilation, about 8% did not need any respiratory support, and only about 4% were intubated. We also identified 13 ongoing studies, and 9 studies that are completed or terminated and where classification is pending. Individuals with moderate to severe disease Four studies investigated the single agent baricitinib (10,815 participants), one tofacitinib (289 participants), and one ruxolitinib (41 participants). Systemic JAK inhibitors probably decrease all-cause mortality at up to day 28 (95 of 1000 participants in the intervention group versus 131 of 1000 participants in the control group; risk ratio (RR) 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57 to 0.91; 6 studies, 11,145 participants; moderate-certainty evidence), and decrease all-cause mortality at up to day 60 (125 of 1000 participants in the intervention group versus 181 of 1000 participants in the control group; RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.86; 2 studies, 1626 participants; high-certainty evidence). Systemic JAK inhibitors probably make little or no difference in improvement in clinical status (discharged alive or hospitalised, but no longer requiring ongoing medical care) (801 of 1000 participants in the intervention group versus 778 of 1000 participants in the control group; RR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.06; 4 studies, 10,802 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). They probably decrease the risk of worsening of clinical status (new need for invasive mechanical ventilation or death at day 28) (154 of 1000 participants in the intervention group versus 172 of 1000 participants in the control group; RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.98; 2 studies, 9417 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Systemic JAK inhibitors probably make little or no difference in the rate of adverse events (any grade) (427 of 1000 participants in the intervention group versus 441 of 1000 participants in the control group; RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.08; 3 studies, 1885 participants; moderate-certainty evidence), and probably decrease the occurrence of serious adverse events (160 of 1000 participants in the intervention group versus 202 of 1000 participants in the control group; RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.92; 4 studies, 2901 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). JAK inhibitors may make little or no difference to the rate of secondary infection (111 of 1000 participants in the intervention group versus 113 of 1000 participants in the control group; RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.09; 4 studies, 10,041 participants; low-certainty evidence). Subgroup analysis by severity of COVID-19 disease or type of JAK inhibitor did not identify specific subgroups which benefit more or less from systemic JAK inhibitors. Individuals with asymptomatic or mild disease We did not identify any trial for this population.<br><br>AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: In hospitalised individuals with moderate to severe COVID-19, moderate-certainty evidence shows that systemic JAK inhibitors probably decrease all-cause mortality. Baricitinib was the most often evaluated JAK inhibitor. Moderate-certainty evidence suggests that they probably make little or no difference in improvement in clinical status. Moderate-certainty evidence indicates that systemic JAK inhibitors probably decrease the risk of worsening of clinical status and make little or no difference in the rate of adverse events of any grade, whilst they probably decrease the occurrence of serious adverse events. Based on low-certainty evidence, JAK inhibitors may make little or no difference in the rate of secondary infection. Subgroup analysis by severity of COVID-19 or type of agent failed to identify specific subgroups which benefit more or less from systemic JAK inhibitors. Currently, there is no evidence on the efficacy and safety of systemic JAK inhibitors for individuals with asymptomatic or mild disease (non-hospitalised individuals).}, }
@article {pmid35694871, year = {2022}, author = {Dua, P and Mishra, A and Reeta, KH}, title = {Lp-PLA2 as a biomarker and its possible associations with SARS-CoV-2 infection.}, journal = {Biomarkers in medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.2217/bmm-2021-1129}, pmid = {35694871}, issn = {1752-0371}, abstract = {Lp-PLA2 is an enzyme encoded by the PLA2G7 gene located at chromosome 6p12-21, which is included in different signal transduction pathways. The potential of serum levels of Lp-PLA2 as a marker of inflammation quantifying cardio-metabolic risk, renal impairment and oxidative stress has been explored in earlier studies. It has also been used in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hepatic disease, metabolic conditions and exercise tolerance. Additionally, it shows promising evidence for the assessment of risk for certain cardiovascular conditions in otherwise seemingly healthy individuals. COVID-19 has affected life and the economy globally. The identification of biomarkers to assess the sickness and treatment plan is the need of the hour. This review summarizes the pathophysiological inter-relationship between serum levels of Lp-PLA2 and COVID-19. The authors hypothesize that the estimation of Lp-PLA2 levels may help in the early identification of risk and thus may play a beneficial role in the proactive management of COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid35694798, year = {2022}, author = {Nowell, L and Dhingra, S and Carless-Kane, S and McGuinness, C and Paolucci, A and Jacobsen, M and Lorenzetti, DL and Lorenzetti, L and Oddone Paolucci, E}, title = {A systematic review of online education initiatives to develop students remote caring skills and practices.}, journal = {Medical education online}, volume = {27}, number = {1}, pages = {2088049}, doi = {10.1080/10872981.2022.2088049}, pmid = {35694798}, issn = {1087-2981}, abstract = {The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has altered caring professions education and the range of technological competencies needed to thrive in today's digital economy. We aimed to identify the various technologies and design strategies being used to help students develop and translate professional caring competencies into remote working environments. Eight databases were systematically searched in February 2021 for relevant studies. Studies reporting on online learning strategies designed to prepare students to operate in emerging digital economies were included. Quality assessment was undertaken using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool and/or the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research. Thirty-eight studies were included and synthesized to report on course details, including technologies being used and design strategies, and study outcomes including curriculum, barriers and facilitators to technology integration, impact on students, and impact on professional practice. Demonstrations of remote care, videoconferencing, online modules, and remote consultation with patients were the most common instructional methods. Audio/video conferencing and online learning systems were the most prevalent technologies used to support student learning. Students reported increased comfort and confidence when working with technology and planning and providing remote care to patients. While a recent influx in research related to online learning and caring technologies was noted, study quality remains variable. More emphasis on assessment, training, and research is required to support students in using digital technologies and developing interpersonal and technological skills required to work in remote settings.}, }
@article {pmid35694728, year = {2022}, author = {Watanabe, A and So, M and Iwagami, M and Fukunaga, K and Takagi, H and Kabata, H and Kuno, T}, title = {One-year follow-up CT findings in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/resp.14311}, pmid = {35694728}, issn = {1440-1843}, support = {//Keio University Academic Development Funds/ ; }, abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) often causes radiological and functional pulmonary sequelae. However, evidence on 1-year follow-up of pulmonary sequelae is limited. We aimed to investigate the characteristics and time-course of pulmonary sequelae after recovery from COVID-19 through 1-year follow-up. We searched PubMed and EMBASE databases on 25 February 2022, and included studies with computed tomography (CT) findings at the 1-year follow-up. The extracted data on CT findings were analysed using a one-group meta-analysis. We further analysed the data in relation to COVID-19 severity, improvement rate and lung function. Fifteen eligible studies (N = 3134) were included. One year after COVID-19, 32.6% (95% CI 24.0-42.6, I2 = 92.9%) presented with residual CT abnormalities. Ground-glass opacity and fibrotic-like changes were frequently observed in 21.2% (95% CI 15.4-28.4, I2 = 86.7%) and 20.6% (95% CI 11.0-35.2, I2 = 91.9%), respectively. While the gradual recovery was seen on CT (52.9% [mid-term] vs. 32.6% [1 year]), the frequency of CT abnormalities was higher in the severe/critical cases than in the mild/moderate cases (37.7% vs. 20.7%). In particular, fibrotic changes showed little improvement between 4-7 months and 1 year after COVID-19. Pulmonary function tests at 1 year also showed the decline in diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, especially in severe/critical cases. Our meta-analysis indicated that residual CT abnormalities were common in hospitalized COVID-19 patients 1 year after recovery, especially fibrotic changes in severe/critical cases. As these sequelae may last long, vigilant observations and longer follow-up periods are warranted.}, }
@article {pmid35694689, year = {2022}, author = {Elattar, KM and El-Khateeb, AY and Hamed, SE}, title = {Insights into the recent progress in the medicinal chemistry of pyranopyrimidine analogs.}, journal = {RSC medicinal chemistry}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {522-567}, doi = {10.1039/d2md00076h}, pmid = {35694689}, issn = {2632-8682}, abstract = {Heterocycles containing the pyranopyrimidine motif have attracted the interest of researchers in recent decades due to their ability to synthesize and explore at a large scale to explore the biological diversity. Therefore, this review highlights the biological characteristics and synthetic approaches adopted to prepare pyranopyrimidine analogs in the last five years. Several novel preparation procedures have been summarized to synthesize these compounds using ionic, basic, or nanocatalysts or catalyst-free conditions to obtain these compounds in good yields. Pyranopyrimidines could also be used as ligands in the preparation of metal complexes with increased biological potency. The different sections include the antimicrobial, antitubercular, antimalarial, antiviral "SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors", antidiabetic, antitumor, cytotoxic, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, anticoagulant, urease inhibitory activities, and tyrosine inhibitors. The results are discussed based on the structure-activity relationships (SARs) and the mechanism of action.}, }
@article {pmid35694631, year = {2022}, author = {Onyeaka, H and Tamasiga, P and Agbara, JO and Mokgwathi, OA and Uwishema, O}, title = {The use of ivermectin for the treatment of COVID-19: Panacea or enigma?.}, journal = {Clinical epidemiology and global health}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {101074}, doi = {10.1016/j.cegh.2022.101074}, pmid = {35694631}, issn = {2452-0918}, abstract = {The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has triggered unprecedented social, economic and health challenges. To control and reduce the infection rate, countries employed non-pharmaceutical measures such as social distancing, isolation, quarantine, and the use of masks, hand and surface sanitisation. Since 2021 a global race for COVID-19 vaccination ensued, mainly due to a lack of equitable vaccine production and distribution. To date, no treatments have been demonstrated to cure COVID-19. The scientific World is now considering the potential use of Ivermectin as a prophylactic and treatment for COVID-19. Against this background, the objective of this study is to review the literature to demystify the enigma or panacea in the use of Ivermectin. This paper intends to investigate literature which supports the existence or shows the nonexistence of a causal link between Ivermectin, COVID-19 mortality and recovery. There are inconsistent results on the effectiveness of Ivermectin in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Some studies have asserted that in a bid to slow down the transmission of COVID-19, ivermectin can be used to inhibit the in vitro replication of SARS-CoV-2. The pre-existing health system burdens can be alleviated as patients treated prophylactically would reduce hospital admissions and stem the spread of COVID-19. On a global scale, Ivermectin is currently used by about 28% of the world's population, and its adoption is presently about 44% of countries. However, the full administration of this drug would require further tests to establish its clinical effectiveness and efficacy.}, }
@article {pmid35694438, year = {2022}, author = {Koch, T}, title = {Back to the future: Covid-19 and the recurring debate over social determinants of disease, and health.}, journal = {Social sciences &amp; humanities open}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {100298}, doi = {10.1016/j.ssaho.2022.100298}, pmid = {35694438}, issn = {2590-2911}, abstract = {Since the 1980s, a large literature has developed on the social determinants of health, primarily non-communicable diseases for which mortality and morbidity can be shown to change across a socioeconomic gradient. Primarily regional or national in focus, they are joined, today, with an increasing focus on international health and the effect of inequalities between nations effect disease generation and spread. Similar and earlier literatures first considered socioeconomic factors influencing disease incidence and intensity primarily at local and regional levels. One such literature was primarily "sanitarian," focusing on general infrastructure needs (safe water, for example) to create a beter health environment. A second, primarily nineteenth century literature focused on social inequalities and the epidemic diseases in specific populations. This paper seeks to review these separate foci and then combine them into a more comprehensive understanding of both the general and specific determinants of health and disease at local, national, and international scales of address. It notes that while disease dynamics have been long known that current literatures typically consider socioeconomic determinants at local, national, and global scales as a new phenomenon.}, }
@article {pmid35694150, year = {2022}, author = {Kanwar, VS and Sharma, A and Rinku,  and Kanwar, M and Srivastav, AL and Soni, DK}, title = {An overview for biomedical waste management during pandemic like COVID-19.}, journal = {International journal of environmental science and technology : IJEST}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-16}, doi = {10.1007/s13762-022-04287-5}, pmid = {35694150}, issn = {1735-1472}, abstract = {Amid COVID-19, world has gone under environmental reformation in terms of clean rivers and blue skies, whereas, generation of biomedical waste management has emerged as a big threat for the whole world, especially in the developing nations. Appropriate biomedical waste management has become a prime concern worldwide in the pandemic era of COVID-19 as it may affect environment and living organisms up to a great extent. The problem has been increased many folds because of unexpected generations of hazardous biomedical waste which needs extraordinary attentions. In this paper, the impacts and future challenges of solid waste management especially the biomedical waste management on environment and human beings have been discussed amid COVID-19 pandemic. The paper also recommends some guidelines to manage the bulk of medical wastes for the protection of human health and environment. The paper summarizes better management practices for the wastes including optimizing the decision process, infrastructure, upgrading treatment methods and other activities related with the biological disasters like COVID-19. As achieved in the past for viral disinfection, use of UV- rays with proper precautions can also be explored for COVID-19 disinfection. For biomedical waste management, thermal treatment of waste can be an alternative, as it can generate energy along with reducing waste volume by 80-95%. The Asian Development Bank observed that additional biomedical waste was generated ranged from 154 to 280 tons/day during the peak of COVID-19 pandemic in Asian megacities such as Manila, Jakarta, Wuhan, Bangkok, Hanoi, Kuala Lumpur.}, }
@article {pmid35694049, year = {2022}, author = {Mazumder, P and Dash, S and Honda, R and Sonne, C and Kumar, M}, title = {Sewage surveillance for SARS-CoV-2: Molecular detection, quantification, and normalization factors.}, journal = {Current opinion in environmental science &amp; health}, volume = {28}, number = {}, pages = {100363}, doi = {10.1016/j.coesh.2022.100363}, pmid = {35694049}, issn = {2468-5844}, abstract = {The presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in wastewater systems provides a primary indication of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread throughout communities worldwide. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (dd-PCR) or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) administration of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewaters provides a reliable and efficient technology for gathering secondary local-level public health data. Often the accuracy of prevalence estimation is hampered by many methodological issues connected with wastewater surveillance. Still, more studies are needed to use and create efficient approaches for deciphering the actual SARS-CoV-2 indication from noise in the specimens/samples. Nearly 39-65% of positive patients and asymptomatic carriers expel the virus through their faeces however, only ∼6% of the infected hosts eject it through their urine. COVID-19 positive patients can shed the remnants of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA virus within the concentrations ∼103-108 copies/L. However, it can decrease up to 102 copies/L in wastewaters due to dilution. Environmental virology and microbiology laboratories play a significant role in the identification and analysis of SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid (RNA) in waste and ambient waters worldwide. Virus extraction or recovery from the wastewater (However, due to lack of knowledge, established procedures, and integrated quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) approaches, the novel coronavirus RNA investigation for estimating current illnesses and predicting future outbreaks is insufficient and/or conducted inadequately. The present manuscript is a technical review of the various methods and factors considered during the identification of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material in wastewaters and/or sludge, including tips and tricks to be taken care of during sampling, virus concentration, normalization, PCR inhibition, and trend line smoothening when compared with clinically active/positive cases.}, }
@article {pmid35694045, year = {2022}, author = {Wumba, R and Mandina, M and Nlandu, Y and Makulo, JR and Tshimpi, A and Mbala, P and Mbangama, A and Kabututu, P and Kayembe, JM}, title = {SARS-CoV-2: Molecular Structure, Pathogenesis, Potential Therapeutic Targets, and Immune Response of the Infected Subject.}, journal = {Interdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases}, volume = {2022}, number = {}, pages = {7856659}, doi = {10.1155/2022/7856659}, pmid = {35694045}, issn = {1687-708X}, abstract = {Background: The pathogenic mechanisms and immune response of COVID-19 are far from clear. Through a documentary review of literature, the authors describe virological and molecular aspects of SARS-CoV-2, the intimate mechanisms of cell infection, and potential therapeutic targets. They also analyze the characteristics of immune response of the infected subject.<br><br>Objectives: Objectives of this study are to describe the state of knowledge on virological data, molecular and physiopathogenic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2, with a view to a better understanding of the therapeutic targets, as well as the immune response of the infected subject. Methodology. This documentary review is a compilation of several meta-analyses, consistent with the methodology described in the PRISMA statement on literature data on SARS-CoV-2, published between March 22 and August 14, 2020 (Moher et al.). The search engines used for the selection of articles were as follows: PubMed, Google Scholar, Global Health, and WHO reports. Papers of interest were those addressing virological and molecular data on SARS-CoV-2, therapeutic aspects of COVID-19, and immunity of the infected subject. Of the 617 eligible papers, 417 could be retained after removing the duplicates. Ultimately, only 50 articles were retained for final evaluation. The data collected allowed the development of a two-armed model around the physiopathological aspects and potential therapeutic targets, as well as aspects of host immunity, respectively. The model was then compared to data from the HIV literature.<br><br>Conclusion: Reported data could contribute to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of cellular infection by SARS-CoV-2 as well as to a more easy explanation of the action of pharmacological agents used for the treatment, while elucidating intimate mechanisms of the immunity of infected subject.}, }
@article {pmid35693800, year = {2022}, author = {Miyake, K and Ito, J and Karasuyama, H}, title = {Role of Basophils in a Broad Spectrum of Disorders.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {902494}, doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.902494}, pmid = {35693800}, issn = {1664-3224}, abstract = {Basophils are the rarest granulocytes and have long been overlooked in immunological research due to their rarity and similarities with tissue-resident mast cells. In the last two decades, non-redundant functions of basophils have been clarified or implicated in a broad spectrum of immune responses, particularly by virtue of the development of novel analytical tools for basophils. Basophils infiltrate inflamed tissues of patients with various disorders, even though they circulate in the bloodstream under homeostatic conditions. Depletion of basophils results in the amelioration or exaggeration of inflammation, depending on models of disease, indicating basophils can play either beneficial or deleterious roles in a context-dependent manner. In this review, we summarize the recent findings of basophil pathophysiology under various conditions in mice and humans, including allergy, autoimmunity, tumors, tissue repair, fibrosis, and COVID-19. Further mechanistic studies on basophil biology could lead to the identification of novel biomarkers or therapeutic targets in a broad range of diseases.}, }
@article {pmid35693463, year = {2022}, author = {Luschkova, D and Traidl-Hoffmann, C and Ludwig, A}, title = {Climate change and allergies.}, journal = {Allergo journal international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-7}, doi = {10.1007/s40629-022-00212-x}, pmid = {35693463}, issn = {2197-0378}, abstract = {The climate crisis poses a major challenge to human health as well as the healthcare system and threatens to jeopardize the medical progress made in recent decades. However, addressing climate change may also be the greatest opportunity for global health in the 21st century. The climate crisis and its consequences, such as rising temperatures, forest fires, floods, droughts, and changes in the quality and quantity of food and water, directly and indirectly affect human physical and mental health. More intense and frequent heat waves and declining air quality have been shown to increase all-cause mortality, especially among the most vulnerable. Climate warming alters existing ecosystems and favors biological invasions by species that better tolerate heat and drought. Pathogen profiles are changing, and the transmission and spread of vector-borne diseases are increasing. The spread of neophytes in Europe, such as ragweed, is creating new pollen sources that increase allergen exposure for allergy sufferers. In addition, the overall milder weather, especially in combination with air pollution and increased CO2 levels, is changing the production and allergenicity of pollen. The phenomenon of thunderstorm asthma is also occurring more frequently. In view of the increasing prevalence of allergic diseases due to climate change, early causal immunomodulatory therapy is therefore all the more important. During a climate consultation, patients can receive individual advice on climate adaptation and resilience and the benefits of CO2 reduction-for their own and the planet's health. Almost 5% of all greenhouse gas emissions in Europe come from the healthcare sector. It thus has a central responsibility for a climate-neutral and sustainable transformation.}, }
@article {pmid35693423, year = {2022}, author = {Shoar, S and Prada-Ruiz, ACC and Patarroyo-Aponte, G and Chaudhary, A and Sadegh Asadi, M}, title = {Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine among Heart Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Clinical medicine insights. Circulatory, respiratory and pulmonary medicine}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {11795484221105327}, doi = {10.1177/11795484221105327}, pmid = {35693423}, issn = {1179-5484}, abstract = {Background: Heart transplant (HTX) recipients are at a significantly higher risk of adverse clinical outcomes, due to chronic immunosuppression and co-existence of other chronic conditions, when contracting the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is currently the most promising measure for the prevention of severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) among solid organ transplant recipients, the extent of immune response and its protective efficacy among patients receiving HTX has not been sufficiently studied.<br><br>Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature by inquiring PubMed/Medline to identify original studies among HTX recipients, who had received at least one dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Data on the measured humoral or cellular immune response was collected from all the eligible studies. Factors associated with a poor immune response were further investigated within these studies.<br><br>Results: A total of 12 studies comprising 563 HTX recipients were included. The average age of the study participants was 60.8 years. Sixty four percent of the study population were male. Ninety percent of the patients had received an mRNA vaccine (Pfizer/ BNT162b2 or Moderna/mRNA-1273). A positive immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was variably reported in 0% to 100% of the patients. Older age (> 65 years), vaccine dose (first, second, or third), time since HTX to the first dose of the vaccine, the time interval between the latest dose of the vaccine and measurement of the immune response, and the type of immunosuppressive regimen were all indicated as potential determinants of a robust immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.<br><br>Conclusion: HTX recipients demonstrate a weaker immune response to the vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 compared to the general population. Older age, anti-metabolite agents such as mycophenolate mofetil, and vaccination during the first year following the HTX have been indicated as potential determinants of a poor immune response.}, }
@article {pmid35693349, year = {2022}, author = {Shobhana, SS and Raviraj, KG}, title = {Global trends of suicidal thought, suicidal ideation, and self-harm during COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review.}, journal = {Egyptian journal of forensic sciences}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {28}, doi = {10.1186/s41935-022-00286-2}, pmid = {35693349}, issn = {2090-536X}, abstract = {Background: Suicide is one of the leading causes of death. The current systematic review is done to know the trend of suicidal thoughts, suicidal ideation, and self-harm during COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>Main text: The search was done by using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. With the help of Mendeley portal, articles were retrieved on the basis of inclusion criteria like to know the risk factors, vulnerable group, complete article PDFs, prevention strategies, aims, results, and limitations. The shortlisted data from search was tabulated, and the PRISMA chart was framed based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria.<br><br>Result: Sixteen studies that satisfied the inclusion criteria were organized and selected. The variables and global scenario were considered in databases. It has been noticed that trends of suicidal thoughts, suicidal ideation, and self-harm remains the same in some countries like Japan, whereas in some countries like Bangladesh and France, trends of suicides had increased during the pandemic period. The probable cause could be lockdown, social isolation, and stoppage of recreational activities.<br><br>Conclusions: The trends of suicidal ideation, suicidal thoughts, and self-harm are more in vulnerable categories like health care professionals, university students, elderly individuals, and psychiatrically ill patients. In health care professional, it is due to the increased risk of contagion and watching deaths closely. In university students, it is due to the lack of recreational activities and social isolation. Among elderly, it is due to thinking themselves as overburden. The increase in suicidality in psychiatric ill patient admitted during COVID-19 pandemic is due to unknown cause.}, }
@article {pmid35693326, year = {2022}, author = {Carnevale Pellino, V and Lovecchio, N and Puci, MV and Marin, L and Gatti, A and Pirazzi, A and Negri, F and Ferraro, OE and Vandoni, M}, title = {Effects of the lockdown period on the mental health of elite athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review.}, journal = {Sport sciences for health}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-13}, doi = {10.1007/s11332-022-00964-7}, pmid = {35693326}, issn = {1824-7490}, abstract = {Purpose: This review aimed to assess the effects of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on mental health to elite athletes. The emotional background influenced their sport career and was examined by questionnaires.<br><br>Methods: We included original studies that investigated psychological outcomes in elite athletes during COVID-19 lockdown. Sixteen original studies (n = 4475 participants) were analyzed.<br><br>Results: The findings showed that COVID-19 has an impact on elite athletes' mental health and was linked with stress, anxiety and psychological distress. The magnitude of the impact was associated with athletes' mood state profile, personality and resilience capacity.<br><br>Conclusion: The lockdown period impacted also elite athletes' mental health and training routines with augmented anxiety but with fewer consequences than the general population thanks to adequate emotion regulation and coping strategies.}, }
@article {pmid35693131, year = {2020}, author = {Antonio, ADS and Wiedemann, LSM and Veiga-Junior, VF}, title = {Natural products' role against COVID-19.}, journal = {RSC advances}, volume = {10}, number = {39}, pages = {23379-23393}, doi = {10.1039/d0ra03774e}, pmid = {35693131}, issn = {2046-2069}, abstract = {COVID-19 is a viral disease caused by a new severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), which has quickly resulted in a pandemic. As a great threat to global public health, the development of a treatment has become vital, and a rush to find a cure has mobilized researchers from all areas across the world. Synthetic drugs, such as hydroxychloroquine, have gained attention. However, the efficacy of repositioned drugs is still under evaluation, and besides, some severe side effects are a cause for concern. This emphasizes the urgency for treatment options, which can be both safe and effective. With this in mind, natural products could be an important resource in the development of COVID-19 treatment, as they have already contributed in the past to treatments against other viruses, such as HIV, MERS-CoV, and influenza. Natural products are described long term as bioactive substances and some phytochemical classes such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and peptides are known antiviral bioproducts, and have been virtually tested with success against COVID-19. However, important issues still need to be addressed as to their bioavailability and true efficacy in vivo. This review intends to systematically evaluate the natural metabolites that could potentially be used against this new disease looking at their natural sources, mechanism of action and previous pharmacological usages. The aim is to provide a starting point for this research area in order to speed up the establishment of anti-SARS-CoV-2 bioproducts.}, }
@article {pmid35693065, year = {2022}, author = {Ozma, MA and Abbasi, A and Akrami, S and Lahouty, M and Shahbazi, N and Ganbarov, K and Pagliano, P and Sabahi, S and Köse, Ş and Yousefi, M and Dao, S and Asgharzadeh, M and Hosseini, H and Kafil, HS}, title = {Postbiotics as the key mediators of the gut microbiota-host interactions.}, journal = {Le infezioni in medicina}, volume = {30}, number = {2}, pages = {180-193}, doi = {10.53854/liim-3002-3}, pmid = {35693065}, issn = {2532-8689}, abstract = {The priority of the Sustainable Development Goals for 2022 is to reduce all causes related to mortality. In this regard, microbial bioactive compounds with characteristics such as optimal compatibility and close interaction with the host immune system are considered a novel therapeutic approach. The fermentation process is one of the most well-known pathways involved in the natural synthesis of a diverse range of postbiotics. However, some postbiotics are a type of probiotic response behavior to environmental stimuli that usually play well-known biological roles. Also, postbiotics with unique structure and function are key mediators between intestinal microbiota and host cellular processes/metabolic pathways that play a significant role in maintaining homeostasis. By further understanding the nature of parent microbial cells, factors affecting their metabolic pathways, and the development of compatible extraction and identification methods, it is possible to achieve certain formulations of postbiotics with special efficiencies, which in turn will significantly improve the performance of health systems (especially in developing countries) toward a wide range of acute/chronic diseases. The present review aims to describe the fundamental role of postbiotics as the key mediators of the microbiota-host interactions. Besides, it presents the available current evidence regarding the interaction between postbiotics and host cells through potential cell receptors, stimulation/improvement of immune system function, and the enhancement of the composition and function of the human microbiome.}, }
@article {pmid35693057, year = {2022}, author = {Edgar, M and Selvaraj, SA and Lee, KE and Caraballo-Arias, Y and Harrell, M and Rodriguez-Morales, AJ}, title = {Healthcare workers, epidemic biological risks - recommendations based on the experience with COVID-19 and Ebolavirus.}, journal = {Le infezioni in medicina}, volume = {30}, number = {2}, pages = {168-179}, doi = {10.53854/liim-3002-2}, pmid = {35693057}, issn = {2532-8689}, abstract = {Infectious disease outbreaks frequently cause illness and death among Healthcare Workers (HCWs). We compare strategies from recent, past and ongoing outbreak measures used to protect HCWs, including those facing additional challenges such as racial disparities, violence and stigmatization. Outbreaks and pandemics superimposed on countries with preexisting crises have also affected emergency response to these viral outbreaks. Strategies to protect HCWs include adherence to recommended infection prevention and control measures; new technology such as rapid point-of-care tests and remote monitoring; adopting national public health preparedness plans to ensure the supply and allocation of PPE, staff, and testing supplies; occupational health and mental health support services. Lessons learned from recent pandemics should be used by Infection Prevention and Control and Occupational Health staff to refine preparedness plans to protect HCWs better.}, }
@article {pmid35693050, year = {2022}, author = {Motwani, R and Deshmukh, V and Kumar, A and Kumari, C and Raza, K and Krishna, H}, title = {Pathological involvement of placenta in COVID-19: a systematic review.}, journal = {Le infezioni in medicina}, volume = {30}, number = {2}, pages = {157-167}, doi = {10.53854/liim-3002-1}, pmid = {35693050}, issn = {2532-8689}, abstract = {The mammalian placenta, which is responsible for bonding between the mother and the fetus, is one of the first organs to develop. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has caused a great threat to public health and affected almost all the organs including the placenta. Owing to limited available data on vertical transmission and pathological changes in the placenta of SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, we aim to review and summarize histopathological and ultrastructural changes in the placental tissue following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2009 guidelines were used for review writing. Multiple studies have reported significant pathological changes in the placental tissue of SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers. On the other hand, some studies have demonstrated either no or very little involvement of the placental tissue. The most common pathological changes reported are fetal and maternal vascular malformation, villitis of unknown etiology, thrombus formation in the intervillous space and sub-chorionic space, and chorangiosis. Reports on vertical transmission are less in number. The observations of this review present a strong base for the pathological involvement of the placenta in SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers. However, a smaller number of original studies have been done until now, and most of them have small sample sizes and lack matched control groups, which are the big limitations for drawing an effective conclusion at this stage. Antenatal care can be improved by a better understanding of the correlation between maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection and placental pathology in COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid35692941, year = {2022}, author = {M V, MK and Atalla, S and Almuraqab, N and Moonesar, IA}, title = {Detection of COVID-19 Using Deep Learning Techniques and Cost Effectiveness Evaluation: A Survey.}, journal = {Frontiers in artificial intelligence}, volume = {5}, number = {}, pages = {912022}, doi = {10.3389/frai.2022.912022}, pmid = {35692941}, issn = {2624-8212}, abstract = {Graphical-design-based symptomatic techniques in pandemics perform a quintessential purpose in screening hit causes that comparatively render better outcomes amongst the principal radioscopy mechanisms in recognizing and diagnosing COVID-19 cases. The deep learning paradigm has been applied vastly to investigate radiographic images such as Chest X-Rays (CXR) and CT scan images. These radiographic images are rich in information such as patterns and clusters like structures, which are evident in conformance and detection of COVID-19 like pandemics. This paper aims to comprehensively study and analyze detection methodology based on Deep learning techniques for COVID-19 diagnosis. Deep learning technology is a good, practical, and affordable modality that can be deemed a reliable technique for adequately diagnosing the COVID-19 virus. Furthermore, the research determines the potential to enhance image character through artificial intelligence and distinguishes the most inexpensive and most trustworthy imaging method to anticipate dreadful viruses. This paper further discusses the cost-effectiveness of the surveyed methods for detecting COVID-19, in contrast with the other methods. Several finance-related aspects of COVID-19 detection effectiveness of different methods used for COVID-19 detection have been discussed. Overall, this study presents an overview of COVID-19 detection using deep learning methods and their cost-effectiveness and financial implications from the perspective of insurance claim settlement.}, }
@article {pmid35692605, year = {2022}, author = {Yates, EF and Zhang, K and Naus, A and Forbes, C and Wu, X and Dey, T}, title = {A review on the biological, epidemiological, and statistical relevance of COVID-19 paired with air pollution.}, journal = {Environmental advances}, volume = {8}, number = {}, pages = {100250}, doi = {10.1016/j.envadv.2022.100250}, pmid = {35692605}, issn = {2666-7657}, abstract = {This narrative review paper is aimed to critically evaluate recent studies of the associations between air pollution and the outcomes in the COVID-19 pandemic. The main air pollutants we have considered are carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ground-level ozone (O3), particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). We, specifically, evaluated the influences of these pollutants, both individually and collaboratively, across various geographic areas and exposure windows. We further reviewed the proposed biological mechanisms underlying the association between air pollution and COVID-19. Ultimately, we aim to inform policy and public health practice regarding the implications of COVID-19 and air pollution.}, }
@article {pmid35692600, year = {2022}, author = {Karaböce, B and Saban, E and Aydın Böyük, A and Okan Durmuş, H and Hamid, R and Baş, A}, title = {Inactivation of viruses on surfaces by infrared techniques.}, journal = {International journal of thermal sciences = Revue generale de thermique}, volume = {179}, number = {}, pages = {107595}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2022.107595}, pmid = {35692600}, issn = {1290-0729}, abstract = {Several studies on vaccines and medicines against virus-based illnesses (COVID-19, SARS, MERS) are being conducted worldwide. However, virus mutation is an issue. Therefore, inactivation and disinfection of viruses are crucial. This paper presents a method for virus inactivation by physical techniques. The infrared (IR) technique is preferred over other disinfection techniques such as ultraviolet (UV) and chemical disinfectants (alcohol) due to the associated health and environmental benefits. In this study, IR sources with various wavelengths were characterized and a far infrared (FIR) source was used to inactivate viruses. FIR sources have a therapeutic effect on the human body and have been used in medical centers. Virus spread is highly affected by environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and airflow. A setup with IR sources, an IR camera, an automatically controlled humidity chamber, and an airflow unit was constructed to study the viability of viruses in stationary droplets as a function of relative humidity and temperature. Bacteriophage Phi6 was used as a model organism for studying enveloped viruses such as influenza and coronavirus. IR techniques were used for studying virus inactivation. The effect of various physical conditions such as temperature, humidity, and airflows was considered to study the effect of radiation on the stationary droplets of Phi6. All measurements were performed under laboratory conditions with controlled temperature and humidity. The IR camera system was used to measure the surface temperature of Phi6 suspension droplets. The samples subjected to IR radiation were processed for plaque assay preparation and counting. Measurements were carried out to reduce and eliminate droplets, which are one of the transmission pathways of viruses. IR was radiated in closed and open-air conditions with appropriate humidity and temperature. This study reports the effective inactivation of viruses by FIR. The inactivation rate under 50 %rh for IR radiated at 1.4 m height for 3 h in closed environmental chamber was 90%, and that under an airflow rate of 0.20 m/s for 10 min in open-air conditions at a height of 1.0 m was 45.7%.}, }
@article {pmid35692551, year = {2022}, author = {De Sutter, E and Meszaros, J and Borry, P and Huys, I}, title = {Digitizing the Informed Consent Process: A Review of the Regulatory Landscape in the European Union.}, journal = {Frontiers in medicine}, volume = {9}, number = {}, pages = {906448}, doi = {10.3389/fmed.2022.906448}, pmid = {35692551}, issn = {2296-858X}, abstract = {Background: Rapid technological advancements are reshaping the conduct of clinical research. Electronic informed consent (eIC) is one of these novel advancements, allowing to interactively convey research-related information to participants and obtain their consent. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of establishing a digital, long-distance relationship between research participants and researchers. However, the regulatory landscape in the European Union (EU) is diverse, posing a legal challenge to implement eIC in clinical research. Therefore, this study takes the necessary steps forward by providing an overview of the current regulatory framework in the EU, relevant to eIC.<br><br>Methods: We reviewed and analyzed the key EU regulations, such as the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Clinical Trials Regulation (CTR). We investigated the legality of eIC in several EU Member States, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. To this end, we contacted the medicines agencies of various countries to clarify the national requirements related to the implementation and use of eIC in clinical research. Our research was complemented by comparing the legal acceptance of eIC between the EU and the United States.<br><br>Results: In the EU, a distinction must be made between eIC for participation in clinical research and eIC for processing the participants' personal data, complying respectively with requirements laid down by the CTR and the GDPR. On a national level, countries were classified into three groups: (1) countries accepting and regulating the use of eIC, (2) countries accepting the use of eIC without explicitly regulating it, and (3) countries not accepting the use of eIC. As a result, the regulation of eIC through laws and guidelines shows a large variety among EU Member States, while in the United States, it is harmonized through the Code of Federal Regulations.<br><br>Conclusion: Various requirements must be considered when implementing eIC in clinical research. Nevertheless, requirements across the EU Member States may differ significantly, whereas, in the United States, efforts have already been made to achieve a harmonized approach.}, }
@article {pmid35692288, year = {2022}, author = {Kenamond, MC and Mourad, WF and Randall, ME and Kaushal, A}, title = {No Oncology Patient Left Behind: Challenges and Solutions in Rural Radiation Oncology.}, journal = {Lancet Regional Health. Americas}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {100289}, doi = {10.1016/j.lana.2022.100289}, pmid = {35692288}, issn = {2667-193X}, abstract = {Health inequities and decreasing median American lifespan, potentiated by the worldwide COVID 19 crisis, have taken centre stage in the public consciousness. Specifically, for this discourse, rural radiation oncology challenges external to the pandemic and unique to the rural American radiation oncology care delivery result from a confluence of the following: a) increased incidence of cancer in the United States;1 b) recent legislative emphasis on rural healthcare equity initiatives;2 c) pandemic-associated delays in cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment3 , 4 with resultant presentation of advanced oncologic stages; d) social spotlight on healthcare equity and inclusion for disenfranchised populations.5We will attempt to delineate these issues and propose widely applicable common-sense solutions. We will review what has transpired at the University of Kentucky over the last two decades, specifically at radiation oncology centre in Morehead, a clinic in eastern Kentucky in the Appalachian foothills. While much more work remains ahead, this clinic has successfully applied many of the initiatives discussed.<br><br>Funding: No relevant funding of any research was involved in the preparation of data or the manuscript.}, }
@article {pmid35691980, year = {2022}, author = {Valero, C and Baldivieso-Achá, JP and Uriarte, M and Vicente-Rabaneda, EF and Castañeda, S and García-Vicuña, R}, title = {Vasculitis flare after COVID-19: report of two cases in patients with preexistent controlled IgA vasculitis and review of the literature.}, journal = {Rheumatology international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35691980}, issn = {1437-160X}, abstract = {COVID-19 has been related to several autoimmune diseases, triggering the appearance of autoantibodies and endothelial dysfunction. Current evidence has drawn attention to vasculitis-like phenomena and leukocytoclastic vasculitis in some COVID-19 patients. Moreover, it has been hypothesized that COVID-19 could induce flares of preexisting autoimmune disorders. Here, we present two patients with previously controlled IgA vasculitis who developed a renal and cutaneous flare of vasculitis after mild COVID-19, one of them with new-onset ANCA vasculitis. These patients were treated with glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants achieving successful response. We also provide a focused literature review and conclude that COVID-19 may be associated with triggering of vasculitis and could induce flares of previous autoimmune diseases.}, }
@article {pmid35691607, year = {2022}, author = {Sahin, G and Akbal-Dagistan, O and Culha, M and Erturk, A and Basarir, NS and Sancar, S and Yildiz-Pekoz, A}, title = {Antivirals and the Potential Benefits of Orally Inhaled Drug Administration in COVID-19 Treatment.}, journal = {Journal of pharmaceutical sciences}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.xphs.2022.06.004}, pmid = {35691607}, issn = {1520-6017}, abstract = {Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been on the agenda of humanity for more than 2 years. In the meantime, the pandemic has caused economic shutdowns, halt of daily lives and global mobility, overcrowding of the healthcare systems, panic, and worse, more than 6 million deaths. Today, there is still no specific therapy for COVID-19. Research focuses on repurposing of antiviral drugs that are licensed or currently in the research phase, with a known systemic safety profile. However, local safety profile should also be evaluated depending on the new indication, administration route and dosage form. Additionally, various vaccines have been developed. But the causative virus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has undergone multiple variations, too. The premise that vaccines may suffice to eradicate new and all variants is unreliable, as they are based on earlier versions of the virus. Therefore, a specific medication therapy for COVID-19 is crucial and needed in order to prevent severe complications of the disease. Even though there is no specific drug that inhibits the replication of the disease-causing virus, among the current treatment options, systemic antivirals are the most medically appropriate. As SARS-CoV-2 directly targets the lungs and initiates lung damage, treating COVID-19 with inhalants can offer many advantages over the enteral/parenteral administration. Inhaled drug delivery provides higher drug concentration, specifically in the pulmonary system. This enables the reduction of systemic side effects and produces a rapid clinical response. In this article, the most frequently (systemically) used antiviral compounds are reviewed including Remdesivir, Favipiravir, Molnupiravir, Lopinavir-Ritonavir, Umifenovir, Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine and Heparin. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to provide insight into the potential inhaled use of these antiviral drugs and the current studies on inhalation therapy for COVID-19 was presented. A brief evaluation was also made on the use of inhaler devices in the treatment of COVID-19. Inhaled antivirals paired with suitable inhaler devices should be considered for COVID-19 treatment options.}, }
@article {pmid35691051, year = {2022}, author = {Meng, X and Zhu, K and Wang, J and Liu, P}, title = {Can SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnant women affect the hearing of their newborns: A systematic review.}, journal = {American journal of otolaryngology}, volume = {43}, number = {5}, pages = {103523}, doi = {10.1016/j.amjoto.2022.103523}, pmid = {35691051}, issn = {1532-818X}, abstract = {The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused over 500 million confirmed cases (including pregnant women) worldwide. Recently, hearing status in newborns born to mothers with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has received attention. This systematic review outlines the current knowledge regarding the effects of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy on newborn hearing. Intrauterine SARS-CoV-2 infection has the potential to affect the auditory system of the newborn due to intrauterine hypoxia and vertical transmission. SARS-CoV-2 might have a greater influence on hearing loss (HL) in newborns during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Therefore, all newborns whose mothers had COVID-19 during pregnancy should be evaluated for cochlear function, regardless of whether their mothers were symptomatic at the time of the disease. However, the understanding of this issue is not consistent and remains controversial. Since early identification and intervention of congenital HL are crucial to the language development of newborns, newborns should be provided with audiological evaluation by various approaches, including Tele-audiology, in the COVID-19 era.}, }
@article {pmid35690992, year = {2022}, author = {Nazarinia, D and Behzadifard, M and Gholampour, J and Karimi, R and Gholampour, M}, title = {Eotaxin-1 (CCL11) in neuroinflammatory disorders and possible role in COVID-19 neurologic complications.}, journal = {Acta neurologica Belgica}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {35690992}, issn = {2240-2993}, abstract = {The related neurologic complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection in COVID-19 patients and survivors comprise symptoms including depression, anxiety, muscle pain, dizziness, headaches, fatigue, and anosmia/hyposmia that may continue for months. Recent studies have been demonstrated that chemokines have brain-specific attraction and effects such as chemotaxis, cell adhesion, modulation of neuroendocrine functions, and neuroinflammation. CCL11 is a member of the eotaxin family that is chemotactic agents for eosinophils and participate in innate immunity. Eotaxins may exert physiological and pathological functions in the central nerve system, and CCL11 may induce neuronal cytotoxicity effects by inducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in microglia cells. Plasma levels of CCL11 elevated in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders. COVID-19 patients display elevations in CCL11 levels. As CCL11 plays roles in physiosomatic and neuroinflammation, analyzing the level of this chemokine in COVID-19 patients during hospitalization and to predicting post-COVID-19-related neurologic complications may be worthwhile. Moreover, using chemokine modulators may be helpful in lessening the neurologic complications in such patients.}, }
@article {pmid35686822, year = {2022}, author = {Stevens, AJ}, title = {Commentary: University Technology Transfer Has Made a Significant Contribution to Fighting COVID-19 while Ensuring Global Access.}, journal = {Healthcare policy = Politiques de sante}, volume = {17}, number = {4}, pages = {26-36}, doi = {10.12927/hcpol.2022.26829}, pmid = {35686822}, issn = {1715-6580}, mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; Humans ; Licensure ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; *Technology Transfer ; Universities ; }, abstract = {This paper reviews the response by public sector research organizations and their technology transfer offices to the COVID-19 pandemic. It shows that leading universities and technology transfer associations quickly enacted licensing principles for the duration of the pandemic to maximize availability and minimize delays in translating public sector research institutes' (PSRIs') COVID-19 inventions to the public - in both the developed and the developing world - while waiving payment of royalties. It discusses examples of vaccines, drugs, diagnostics and personal protective equipment that were developed in PSRIs and swiftly deployed throughout the world on socially responsible terms. It reviews the case cited by Herder et al. (2022) and concludes that their proposed mandates are unnecessary and may inhibit the free flow of healthcare innovation from bench to bedside.}, }
@article {pmid35682025, year = {2022}, author = {Chen, B and Shin, S and Wu, M and Liu, Z}, title = {Visualizing the Knowledge Domain in Health Education: A Scientometric Analysis Based on CiteSpace.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {19}, number = {11}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19116440}, pmid = {35682025}, issn = {1660-4601}, support = {2021-ZZJH-113//General Project of Humanities and Social Sciences Research in Colleges and universities in Henan Province/ ; (No. 2022-0136).//the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)/ ; }, mesh = {Adolescent ; *COVID-19 ; Forecasting ; Health Education ; Humans ; Knowledge ; Publications ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to visualize the evidence in the global research on health education to better improve the nation's health literacy and to guide future research.<br><br>METHOD: We searched the Web of Science (Core Collection) electronic databases. The search strategies: topic: ("Health Education" OR "Education, Health" OR "Community Health Education" OR "Education, Community Health" OR "Health Education, Community") AND document: (Article) AND language:(English). Articles of evidence from January 2011 to December 2021 with those words in the title or abstract or keywords will be included in this review. We used the Citespace 5.6.R5 (64-bit) to investigate and determine the thematic patterns, and emerging trends of the knowledge domain, and presented a narrative account of the findings.<br><br>RESULT: We analyzed 10,273 eligible articles. It showed that BMC Public Health displays the most prolific journals. Author MARCO PAHOR is highlighted in health education. The University of Sydney has published the most studies about health education. The USA plays an important role in these studies. Specifically, the visualization shows several hotspots: disease prevalence surveys and a specific population of knowledge, attitude and practice surveys, health intervention, chronic and non-communicable management, youth-health action, sexual and reproductive health, and physical activity promotion. Furthermore, document co-citation analysis indicated that there are 10 main clusters, which means the research front in health education. Meanwhile, by the citation detected, COVID-19, has achieved universal health coverage in related studies, however, public health education and the health workforce might be more popular in the coming years.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Health education is an effective measure to shift the concept of public health and improve healthy living standards. The present study facilitates an extensive understanding of the basic knowledge and research frontiers that are pivotal for the developmental process of health education and allows scholars to visualize the identification modes and tendencies.}, }
@article {pmid35680273, year = {2022}, author = {Proulx, K and Lenzi-Weisbecker, R and Hatch, R and Hackett, K and Omoeva, C and Cavallera, V and Daelmans, B and Dua, T}, title = {Nurturing care during COVID-19: a rapid review of early evidence.}, journal = {BMJ open}, volume = {12}, number = {6}, pages = {e050417}, doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050417}, pmid = {35680273}, issn = {2044-6055}, mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Caregivers/psychology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Parenting ; Parents ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant changes to family life, society and essential health and other services. A rapid review of evidence was conducted to examine emerging evidence on the effects of the pandemic on three components of nurturing care, including responsive caregiving, early learning, and safety and security.<br><br>DESIGN: Two academic databases, organisational websites and reference lists were searched for original studies published between 1 January and 25 October 2020. A single reviewer completed the study selection and data extraction with verification by a second reviewer.<br><br>INTERVENTIONS: We included studies with a complete methodology and reporting on quantitative or qualitative evidence related to nurturing care during the pandemic.<br><br>Studies reporting on outcomes related to responsive caregiving, early learning, and safety and security were included.<br><br>RESULTS: The search yielded 4410 citations in total, and 112 studies from over 30 countries met our eligibility criteria. The early evidence base is weighted towards studies in high-income countries, studies related to caregiver mental health and those using quantitative survey designs. Studies reveal issues of concern related to increases in parent and caregiver stress and mental health difficulties during the pandemic, which was linked to harsher and less warm or responsive parenting in some studies. A relatively large number of studies examined child safety and security and indicate a reduction in maltreatment referrals. Lastly, studies suggest that fathers' engagement in caregiving increased during the early phase of the pandemic, children's outdoor play and physical activity decreased (while screen time increased), and emergency room visits for child injuries decreased.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The results highlight key evidence gaps (ie, breastfeeding support and opportunities for early learning) and suggest the need for increased support and evidence-based interventions to ensure young children and other caregivers are supported and protected during the pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid35639118, year = {2022}, author = {Pallavicini, F and Pepe, A and Mantovani, F}, title = {The Effects of Playing Video Games on Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Loneliness, and Gaming Disorder During the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic: PRISMA Systematic Review.}, journal = {Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking}, volume = {25}, number = {6}, pages = {334-354}, doi = {10.1089/cyber.2021.0252}, pmid = {35639118}, issn = {2152-2723}, abstract = {During the initial phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, playing video games has been much more than just a pastime. Studies suggested that video games for many individuals have helped to cope with such difficult life experience. However, other research indicates that gaming may have had harmful effects. Within this context, this systematic review aimed to describe the literature on the effects of video games during the early stages of the COVID-19 crisis on stress, anxiety, depression, loneliness, and gaming disorder (GD), examining the study characteristics and outcomes. A systematic search of the literature was made following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. It was preregistered in the International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (INPLASY)-INPLASY202180053. The search databases were PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Medline. The search string was: [("video game*") OR ("computer game*") OR ("gaming")] AND [("COVID-19")]. Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Four research explored the effects of playing video games during the COVID-19 pandemic on stress, anxiety, and depression. Four studies investigated loneliness, while 18 research investigated game disorder. Video games, especially augmented reality and online multiplayer ones, mitigated stress, anxiety, depression, and loneliness among adolescents and young adults during stay-at-home restrictions. However, in the case of at-risk individuals (i.e., particularly male youths), playing video games had detrimental effects.}, }
@article {pmid35584589, year = {2022}, author = {Rivero-Ríos, P and Weisman, LS}, title = {Roles of PIKfyve in multiple cellular pathways.}, journal = {Current opinion in cell biology}, volume = {76}, number = {}, pages = {102086}, doi = {10.1016/j.ceb.2022.102086}, pmid = {35584589}, issn = {1879-0410}, mesh = {*COVID-19/drug therapy ; Flavoproteins/metabolism ; Huma