@article {pmid40526370,
year = {2025},
author = {Sommers, T and Dockery, M and Burke, N and D'Souza, S and Troupe, B and Agbonyinma, T and Raghuram, H and Hopkins, KL and Kohlway, E and Stojicic, P and Bhan, A},
title = {Building trust and equity in vaccine communication through community engagement.},
journal = {Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {2518636},
doi = {10.1080/21645515.2025.2518636},
pmid = {40526370},
issn = {2164-554X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Trust ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage ; *Community Participation ; *Vaccination/psychology ; *Health Communication/methods ; *Health Equity ; Health Literacy ; *Immunization Programs ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Communication ; },
abstract = {That the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated inequities in health has been well studied in recent years, yet the ways in which the pandemic has also revealed existing inequities in communication, specifically health communication, is less well understood. Communities experience differing levels of basic literacy, health literacy, and access to information, as well as differing levels of trust in public health programs. Community engagement (CE) strategies are critical to support improved communication, trust, and equity in vaccination programs. This paper shares two real-world examples of impactful CE strategies from community-based programming to explore how well-designed community engagement strategies can support improved communication, trust, and equity in vaccination programming. Lessons learned from these programs highlight that vaccine communication programs should continuously engage communities to amplify community perspectives and voices to ensure sustained vaccine demand and uptake.},
}

Humans
*Trust
*COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology
*COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
*Community Participation
*Vaccination/psychology
*Health Communication/methods
*Health Equity
Health Literacy
*Immunization Programs
SARS-CoV-2
Communication

@article {pmid40526000,
year = {2025},
author = {Zusman, SP and Paganelli, C},
title = {Interprofessional Dental Care: An International Perspective.},
journal = {JDR clinical and translational research},
volume = {10},
number = {1_suppl},
pages = {11S-16S},
doi = {10.1177/23800844251328661},
pmid = {40526000},
issn = {2380-0852},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Dental Care/organization & administration ; *Interprofessional Relations ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Patient Care Team/organization & administration ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic enhanced the known importance of good interprofessional communication and cooperation to ensure proper patient care. In dentistry, there is often no proper integration across teaching, research, and care. There is too little communication and cooperation among the members of the dental team and the health care team in general. There is a critical need to improve coordination and cooperation among dental professionals and with medical professionals in general. Health in all policies should include addressing interprofessional medical and dental care at all stages of professional human resource training and service planning. Dentists should play a leadership role since they are frontline professionals in the prevention, early detection, and treatment of oral and systemic diseases.Knowledge Transfer Statement:Postgraduate dental training programs can use the recommendations from this article to improve clinical teaching and ensure the education and competency of dental residents.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Dental Care/organization & administration
*Interprofessional Relations
SARS-CoV-2
*Patient Care Team/organization & administration
Pandemics

@article {pmid40525910,
year = {2025},
author = {Aurer, I and Moss, P and Goldman, M and Tuthill, M and Einsele, H and Casañas I Comabella, C and James, S and Borkowska, K and Jah, F and Dube, S and Klein, S and Kandeil, W and Yokota, R and Pagliuca, A and Magiorkinis, G and Arnetorp, S and Lee, L},
title = {COVID-19 burden of illness in people who are immunocompromised due to cancer: an expert opinion review.},
journal = {The oncologist},
volume = {30},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/oncolo/oyaf074},
pmid = {40525910},
issn = {1549-490X},
support = {//AstraZeneca/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/immunology/virology/complications ; *Neoplasms/immunology/epidemiology/complications ; Quality of Life ; *Cost of Illness ; *Immunocompromised Host ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data ; Mental Health ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {From the beginning of the pandemic, people with cancer have experienced a high burden from COVID-19 compared with the general population, both in terms of severe COVID-19-related outcomes and reduced health-related quality of life and mental health. This review presents and discusses expert views on the burden of COVID-19 in individuals with cancer throughout the pandemic. The literature suggests that early in the pandemic, people with cancer had a disproportionately high risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization compared with the general population. This trend continued throughout the pandemic, even after the availability of vaccinations (including boosters) and the emergence of less virulent strains. Rates of hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and mechanical ventilation varied across studies but were all seen to be higher in people with cancer and COVID-19 compared with the general population or those with cancer alone. Moreover, studies indicated worsened quality of life and mental health in these people during the pandemic and lockdown periods compared with prepandemic or postlockdown periods. Although COVID-19 has entered the endemic phase and is no longer a global health emergency, it remains a significant risk for people with cancer. Generally, COVID-19 continues to increase healthcare resource use, impair mental health, and reduce quality of life in this population, highlighting the need for continued real-world studies. Ongoing research is essential to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on vaccinated people with cancer, particularly those undergoing systemic cancer therapy who may require continued guidance on preventive measures and treatments to mitigate the risk of severe COVID-19.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/immunology/virology/complications
*Neoplasms/immunology/epidemiology/complications
Quality of Life
*Cost of Illness
*Immunocompromised Host
SARS-CoV-2
Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data
Mental Health
Pandemics

@article {pmid40525373,
year = {2025},
author = {Karaboue, M and Cecannecchia, C and Dimauro, E and De Simone, S and Orsini, F and Cipolloni, L and Lacasella, GV and Cioffi, A},
title = {The Era of Pandemics and the Need for Readjustment of National Health Systems.},
journal = {La Clinica terapeutica},
volume = {176},
number = {3},
pages = {386-390},
doi = {10.7417/CT.2025.5238},
pmid = {40525373},
issn = {1972-6007},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Pandemics ; *Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration/standards ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {The last few years have been marked by true upheavals in the organization of both public and private healthcare systems. These upheavals have had their epicenter in the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on the organization of healthcare systems. Additionally, the management of healthcare resources, the methods of medical-scientific communication, medical professional responsibility, and the maintenance of adequate equity and equality have also been destabilized and questioned. It is crucial to understand how much our healthcare systems have benefited from recent events and how prepared they are for future, potential, and likely new challenges that may arise in the coming years. Unfortunately, many of the issues high-lighted during the pandemic phase have yet to be addressed, and new challenges have likely emerged. This situation inevitably exposes the healthcare systems to the creation of new vulnerabilities, which could lead to serious consequences concerning inequality, the professional responsibility of individual doctors and healthcare structures, and the overall sustainability of national healthcare systems.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Pandemics
*Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration/standards
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40524715,
year = {2025},
author = {Bushi, G and Gaidhane, AM and Vadia, N and Menon, SV and Chennakesavulu, K and Panigrahi, R and Shabil, M and Jena, D and Kumar, H and Rani, A and Sah, S and Rohilla, S and Singh, MP and Goh, KW},
title = {Impact of COVID-19 Vaccination on Menstrual Irregularities, Bleeding Patterns, and Cycle Duration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Health science reports},
volume = {8},
number = {6},
pages = {e70882},
pmid = {40524715},
issn = {2398-8835},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 vaccination has raised concerns regarding its potential effects on women's reproductive health, particularly menstrual irregularities. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on menstrual disturbances, bleeding patterns, and cycle duration among women of reproductive age.

METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted up to April 11, 2025. The study protocol was registered with the PROSPERO (CRD42024500832). Studies reporting menstrual changes postvaccination in women aged 13-50 were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers. Meta-analyses using random-effects models were conducted in R (version 4.3), with heterogeneity assessed using the I² statistic.

RESULTS: Out of 586 records, 43 studies comprising 747,763 women met the inclusion criteria. The pooled RR for menstrual disturbances in vaccinated versus unvaccinated women was 1.03 (95% CI: 0.67-1.57; p = 0.88), indicating no significant association. Excluding one outlier increased the RR to 1.14 (95% CI: 0.97-1.34; p = 0.08). The overall pooled prevalence of menstrual disturbances postvaccination was 34% (95% CI: 26%-43%). Among vaccinated women, lighter bleeding was reported in 12.6%, heavier bleeding in 15.1%, irregular menstruation in 19.0%, and regular cycles in 56.6%. Shortened cycles occurred in 8.5%, longer cycles in 9.3%, amenorrhea (≥ 24 days) in 9.2%, and infrequent cycles (> 38 days) in 11.0%. All analyses showed high heterogeneity (I² = 98%-100%). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of findings, though Egger's test indicated potential publication bias (p = 0.0384).

CONCLUSION: COVID-19 vaccination was not significantly associated with an increased risk of menstrual disturbances. Although minor changes such as altered bleeding patterns and cycle length were observed in some women, the overall impact on menstrual health was minimal.},
}

@article {pmid40524631,
year = {2025},
author = {Jin, DL and Go, DS and Yoon, SJ},
title = {Longitudinal Perspectives on Health and Medical Research in Korea: Strengths and Limitations of Key Panel Datasets.},
journal = {Journal of Korean medical science},
volume = {40},
number = {23},
pages = {e194},
pmid = {40524631},
issn = {1598-6357},
mesh = {Humans ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Longitudinal Studies ; Health Status ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Biomedical Research ; Mental Health ; Female ; Chronic Disease/epidemiology ; Adult ; Pandemics ; Health Surveys ; Male ; },
abstract = {Rapid population ageing, the growing burden of chronic diseases, and evolving healthcare demands have heightened the need for robust longitudinal data to support evidence-based health policy and interventions. Longitudinal panel surveys, which repeatedly collect data from the same individuals over extended periods, offer detailed insights into dynamic health-related changes and their determinants. South Korea has established numerous national panel surveys over recent decades; however, systematic comparative assessments across these surveys-particularly concerning their health-related variables and adaptations during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic-are lacking. We systematically reviewed eleven major Korean longitudinal panel surveys, focusing on health-related variables and COVID-19 modules. Key variables included health status, chronic diseases, lifestyle behaviors, healthcare utilization, and mental health measures. COVID-19 adaptations such as infection history, vaccination status, and socioeconomic impacts were also examined using official documentation. The findings revealed considerable variability among the surveys in the range and depth of health variables captured, reflecting distinct target populations and research objectives. Surveys focused on specific demographic groups (older adults, children, women, and people with disabilities) tended to provide more comprehensive coverage of health indicators and incorporated specialized instruments (e.g., CES-D, EQ-5D). Conversely, general population-based panels demonstrated substantial variability. COVID-19-specific adaptations varied significantly: while certain surveys (Korean Labor and Income Panel Study, Korea Health Panel Survey, Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families, Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey) included explicit pandemic-related modules capturing infection histories, vaccinations, and changes in work and family dynamics, others relied on indirect reflections through existing measures. This comprehensive comparative analysis identifies notable strengths and gaps among Korea's major longitudinal panel surveys in health data collection and COVID-19 responsiveness. Enhanced standardization of survey instruments and targeted data harmonization efforts are recommended to optimize these resources for future health policy development, epidemiological research, and effective public health interventions.},
}

Humans
Republic of Korea/epidemiology
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Longitudinal Studies
Health Status
SARS-CoV-2
*Biomedical Research
Mental Health
Female
Chronic Disease/epidemiology
Adult
Pandemics
Health Surveys
Male

@article {pmid40524626,
year = {2025},
author = {Shinn, J and Jung, Y and Kim, JY and Seo, S and Lee, E and Kim, Y and Ko, MJ and Kim, HS},
title = {Evolving Regulations in Telemedicine Pilot Project: Insights Into Law, Practice, and Patient Care through International Case Studies.},
journal = {Journal of Korean medical science},
volume = {40},
number = {23},
pages = {e181},
pmid = {40524626},
issn = {1598-6357},
support = {NECA-A-23-016/NECA/National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency/Korea ; NECA-A-24-005/NECA/National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency/Korea ; },
mesh = {*Telemedicine/legislation & jurisprudence/economics ; Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pilot Projects ; Republic of Korea ; United States ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Health Policy ; Canada ; Australia ; Japan ; Patient Care ; United Kingdom ; France ; },
abstract = {The primary focus of this research is the evolving landscape of telemedicine policies and practices across various countries, with particular attention to recent initiatives in South Korea. This study is crucial for understanding the implications of institutionalizing telemedicine, especially following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It aims to ensure the delivery of quality medical services through remote healthcare systems. The objectives include analyzing changes in international telemedicine policies post-COVID-19, comparing these changes with South Korea's policies, and identifying best practices for the domestic institutionalization of telemedicine. The research examines telemedicine policies and practices in South Korea, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Japan, and Australia. Key variables analyzed are eligibility for telemedicine, types of diseases treated, telemedicine platforms, drug prescriptions, drug delivery, responsibility for telemedicine, and cost. Data were collected from policy documents, legal frameworks, and pilot project outcomes and were analyzed to identify trends, differences, and potential areas for policy development. Telemedicine policies vary significantly among countries, with different approaches to patient eligibility, disease types treated, platforms used, prescription and delivery of drugs, legal responsibilities, and costs. South Korea's telemedicine policy is in its early stage, recently expanding to include all patients with prior face-to-face treatment within six months. The initial hypotheses that telemedicine policies are rapidly evolving and that there is no one-size-fits-all approach were supported. The findings suggest that telemedicine is a complex and multifaceted issue that requires careful consideration of various medical, legal, and technological aspects. South Korea's approach to telemedicine should be customized to its unique healthcare environment, focusing on patient health and alignment with national healthcare priorities. Future research should explore the development of a comprehensive system for telemedicine that addresses patient needs, provider capabilities, and regulatory requirements, with an emphasis on creating a global benchmark for personalized telemedicine.},
}

*Telemedicine/legislation & jurisprudence/economics
Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Pilot Projects
Republic of Korea
United States
SARS-CoV-2
*Health Policy
Canada
Australia
Japan
Patient Care
United Kingdom
France

@article {pmid40524170,
year = {2025},
author = {Ragusa, MA and Tortosa, F and Monteiro, M and Saiso, SG and Reveiz, L},
title = {Health-related SDGs in the national science agendas of Latin America and the Caribbean: a scoping review.},
journal = {International journal for equity in health},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {177},
pmid = {40524170},
issn = {1475-9276},
mesh = {Latin America ; Humans ; Caribbean Region ; *Sustainable Development ; Public Health ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The national science and technology agendas (NSTAs) of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) are crucial for formulating and implementing public policies by providing a strategic framework that guides state actions and priorities. The objective of this scoping review is to examine health-related targets from the national science and technology agendas (NSTA) of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), in accordance with the United Nations' third Sustainable Development Goal (SDG-3), as well as within the frameworks of innovation and risk management and emergencies.

METHODS: A scoping review was conducted, including policy documents issued between 2013 and 2023 by governmental science and technology authorities. The search strategy included government and international organization websites. A total of 108 documents were identified.

RESULTS: Sixteen NSTAs were selected. Health-related targets aligned with SDG-3 were highlighted, particularly in areas such as communicable diseases and drug and vaccine development, but there was limited representation in public health and health systems. Innovations in health science and technology included diagnostic technologies, health products and artificial intelligence. Risk management for health emergencies and disasters was present in a minority of the agendas, with a focus on natural disasters and the COVID-19 pandemic.

CONCLUSIONS: This analysis provides a comprehensive view of the representation of health in NSTAs in LACs, highlighting common objectives among countries to foster collaboration, optimize research and innovation, and identify gaps in components necessary to enhance population health, such as disaster management, public health, and health systems.

REGISTRATION: This scoping review was not registered.},
}

Latin America
Humans
Caribbean Region
*Sustainable Development
Public Health

@article {pmid40523710,
year = {2025},
author = {Jim, J and Rigberg, DA},
title = {Interview format: Current state and future directions.},
journal = {Seminars in vascular surgery},
volume = {38},
number = {2},
pages = {202-206},
doi = {10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2025.03.002},
pmid = {40523710},
issn = {1558-4518},
mesh = {Humans ; *Education, Medical, Graduate/trends ; *Vascular Surgical Procedures/education ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Internship and Residency/trends ; *Interviews as Topic ; *Personnel Selection/trends/methods ; *Surgeons/education ; },
abstract = {Applicant interviews remain an integral part of the match process used in graduate medical education. In vascular surgery, in-person interviews of the applicant by program faculty at the institution have been the standard for decades. The COVID-19 pandemic forced a dramatic pivot to virtual interviews. With this unexpected change, there is now insight that interview format can affect equal and fair access, negatively impact the environment, as well as alter financial and administrative burden for both the applicants and programs. Future modifications to the match process will have to be explored to ensure both applicants and programs are able to mutually find their best match.},
}

Humans
*Education, Medical, Graduate/trends
*Vascular Surgical Procedures/education
COVID-19/epidemiology
*Internship and Residency/trends
*Interviews as Topic
*Personnel Selection/trends/methods
*Surgeons/education

@article {pmid40522371,
year = {2025},
author = {Telles-Araujo, GT and Cruz, KMD and Preto, KA and Araujo-Silva, G and Kraychete, DC and Santos, PSDS and Sarmento, VA and Lins-Kusterer, LEF},
title = {Photobiomodulation in the management of persistent olfactory and gustatory dysfunction post-COVID-19: a systematic review.},
journal = {Lasers in medical science},
volume = {40},
number = {1},
pages = {283},
pmid = {40522371},
issn = {1435-604X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Low-Level Light Therapy/methods ; *COVID-19/complications ; *Taste Disorders/radiotherapy/etiology/therapy ; *Olfaction Disorders/radiotherapy/etiology/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Quality of Life ; },
abstract = {Among the clinical manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions have emerged as significant symptoms that impact patients' quality of life, likely due to neural damage affecting the olfactory and gustatory pathways. Currently, there is no standardized protocol for managing these dysfunctions; however, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has gained attention as a potential therapeutic approach due to its beneficial effects. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the current clinical evidence regarding the efficacy of PBMT in the management of persistent post-COVID-19 neurosensory dysfunctions. A comprehensive search was conducted in the PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases, from July 2023 to May 2025, identifying 465 records. The review of grey literature yielded eight additional eligible studies. Applying inclusion and exclusion criteria resulted in the selection of thirty-one studies for evaluation, with ten articles ultimately included in the qualitative analysis: one pilot clinical study, two case reports, three case series, and four randomized clinical trials. The efficacy of PBMT in treating neurosensory sequelae associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection was demonstrated with both red and infrared wavelengths, regardless of the therapeutic protocol adopted. Emerging evidence suggests that laser therapy-induced recovery of neurosensory dysfunction improves quality of life, especially in overall health perception and social well-being domains. However, to definitively establish its efficacy and optimize its clinical application, further high-quality research is necessary, including well-defined randomized clinical trials and standardized photobiomodulation protocols, to generate robust evidence capable of validating the clinical effectiveness of PBMT. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.},
}

Humans
*Low-Level Light Therapy/methods
*COVID-19/complications
*Taste Disorders/radiotherapy/etiology/therapy
*Olfaction Disorders/radiotherapy/etiology/therapy
SARS-CoV-2
Quality of Life

@article {pmid40520382,
year = {2025},
author = {Tang, Y and Liu, B and Ma, A and Wang, B and Xiong, H and Zhou, Y and Yang, J and Kang, Y},
title = {Lung microbiota: a new hope for treating acute respiratory distress syndrome?.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1586949},
pmid = {40520382},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {The lung microbiota, present in healthy individuals, undergoes alterations in different diseases and is closely linked to changes in both systemic and alveolar immunity. These interactions play a crucial role in the onset and progression of numerous diseases. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), one of the most severe conditions encountered in intensive care units (ICU), is characterized by high incidence and mortality rates. The pathophysiology of ARDS involves complex mechanisms, including the activation and dysregulation of overlapping pathways related to injury, inflammation, and coagulation, both locally in the lungs and systemically. Notably, alterations in the microbiota may contribute to the pathogenesis of ARDS. Emerging evidence suggests that changes in the lung microbiota are associated with ARDS development, often marked by increased bacterial burden, reduced microbial diversity, and shifts in microbiota composition. In this review, we focus on the regulatory roles of the lung microbiota in ARDS and their therapeutic potential.},
}

@article {pmid40519159,
year = {2025},
author = {Novogrudsky, K and Treasure, J and Rø, Ø and Schmidt, U},
title = {A Scoping Review of Eating Disorder Clinicians' Experiences, Needs, Views and Wellbeing.},
journal = {Journal of clinical psychology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jclp.70005},
pmid = {40519159},
issn = {1097-4679},
support = {//Maudsley Learning/ ; /MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; //National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK, and King's College London, UK./ ; //Social Research Council Adolescence, Mental Health and the Developing Mind initiative/ ; //Arts and Humanities Research Council/Economic/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Eating disorders (ED) are pervasive and severe mental illnesses affecting up to 15% of females and 5% of males internationally with rates sharply rising in recent decades, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, workload pressures on ED services have surged. The impact of this on ED clinicians and their wellbeing has not recently been investigated. This scoping review examines recent literature on ED clinicians' experiences, needs, and wellbeing to identify areas for future research and intervention. The goal is to improve clinician support, quality of life, and patient outcomes.

METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, eight databases and gray literature sources were searched for studies published from 2014 to 2024. Papers were assessed for quality and risk of bias, and mixed-methods data were analyzed using narrative synthesis.

RESULTS: Sixty-three studies, encompassing 3,152 multidisciplinary ED clinicians, were included. Clinicians worked across diverse settings with patients of varied presentations. Analyzes suggest that whilst job satisfaction amongst ED clinicians is high and attitudes are generally positive, workplace demands and stressors have a negative impact on clinician wellbeing. Several areas require clearer guidance and further clinician training. Clinicians' affect is mixed, and an 'emotional rollercoaster' is experienced at work. Many clinicians mention a lack of resources as a frustrating obstacle to an optimally operating service.

CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians experience working with ED patients as emotionally challenging and occasionally fatiguing, but attitudes are generally positive. However, clinicians are hindered by organizational factors and a lack of resources, including those pertaining to staffing and training.},
}

@article {pmid40518508,
year = {2025},
author = {Huang, Z and Zhang, Y and Zou, P and Zong, X and Zhang, Q},
title = {Myelin dysfunction in aging and brain disorders: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.},
journal = {Molecular neurodegeneration},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {69},
pmid = {40518508},
issn = {1750-1326},
support = {RF1NS135548/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States ; R01AG082207/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AG082207/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; 24CDA1269588//American Heart Association/ ; RF1 NS135548/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Myelin Sheath/metabolism/pathology/physiology ; *Aging/pathology/physiology/metabolism ; *Brain Diseases/metabolism/pathology ; Brain/metabolism/pathology ; Animals ; COVID-19 ; },
abstract = {Myelin is a multilamellar membrane that surrounds axons in the vertebrate nervous system. Properly functioning myelin is essential for the rapid conduction of nerve impulses, and it metabolically supports axonal integrity. Emerging evidence indicates that myelin is also involved in various aspects of cognition, with adaptive myelination playing a critical role in memory consolidation and motor learning. However, these physiological processes can be disrupted in various diseases. Understanding the mechanisms underlying myelin pathology is therefore essential for the development of targeted therapies for associated medical conditions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the role of myelin in neural function, with a particular focus on adaptive myelination in cognition. We also highlight myelin dysfunction and the underlying mechanisms in the aging brain, as well as in diverse brain disorders and neurological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric conditions, brain injuries, chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment, and neurological symptoms associated with COVID-19. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic potential of recently identified pro-myelinating compounds in aging-associated cognitive decline and brain disorders, as well as the future of remyelination therapies. Current evidence suggests that restoring functional myelin may serve as a therapeutic strategy for various medical conditions associated with myelin dysfunction.},
}

Humans
*Myelin Sheath/metabolism/pathology/physiology
*Aging/pathology/physiology/metabolism
*Brain Diseases/metabolism/pathology
Brain/metabolism/pathology
Animals
COVID-19

@article {pmid40517598,
year = {2025},
author = {Maharani, DA and Utaminingrum, F and Husnina, DNN and Sukmaningrum, B and Rahmania, FN and Handani, F and Chasanah, HN and Arrahman, A and Febrianto, F},
title = {A review: Lightweight architecture model in deep learning approach for lung disease identification.},
journal = {Computers in biology and medicine},
volume = {194},
number = {},
pages = {110425},
doi = {10.1016/j.compbiomed.2025.110425},
pmid = {40517598},
issn = {1879-0534},
abstract = {As one of the leading causes of death worldwide, early detection of lung disease is a very important step to improve the effectiveness of treatment. By using medical image data, such as X-ray or CT-scan, classification of lung disease can be done. Deep learning methods have been widely used to recognize complex patterns in medical images, but this approach has the constraints of requiring large data variations and high computing resources. In overcoming these constraints, the lightweight architecture in deep learning can provide a more efficient solution based on the number of parameters and computing time. This method can be applied to devices with low processor specifications on portable devices such as mobile phones. This article presents a comprehensive review of 23 research studies published between 2020 and 2025, focusing on various lightweight architectures and optimization techniques aimed at improving the accuracy of lung disease detection. The results show that these models are able to significantly reduce parameter sizes, resulting in faster computation times while maintaining competitive accuracy compared to traditional deep learning architectures. From the research that has been done, it can be seen that SqueezeNet applied on public COVID-19 datasets is the best basic architecture with high accuracy, and the number of parameters is 570 thousand, which is very low. On the other hand, UNet requires 31.07 million parameters, and SegNet requires 29.45 million parameters trained on CT scan images from Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology and Radiopedia, so it is less efficient. For the combination method, EfficientNetV2 and Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) are able to achieve the highest accuracy of 98.20 % and can significantly reduce parameters. The worst performance is shown by VGG and UNet with a decrease in accuracy from 91.05 % to 87 % and an increase in the number of parameters. It can be concluded that the lightweight architecture can be applied to medical image classification in the diagnosis of lung disease quickly and efficiently on devices with limited specifications.},
}

@article {pmid40517247,
year = {2025},
author = {Almutawif, YA and Al-Kuraishy, HM and Al-Gareeb, AI and Albuhadily, AK and Eid, HMA and Alexiou, A and Papadakis, M and Abo-El Fetoh, ME and El-Saber Batiha, G},
title = {Monkeypox virus and type 1 diabetes: a molecular insight into inflammatory signaling and β-cell autoimmunity.},
journal = {Virology journal},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {195},
pmid = {40517247},
issn = {1743-422X},
mesh = {*Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology/virology ; Humans ; *Insulin-Secreting Cells/immunology ; *Autoimmunity ; Animals ; *Monkeypox virus/immunology ; *Mpox, Monkeypox/immunology/complications/virology ; Signal Transduction ; Inflammation/immunology/virology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; },
abstract = {The current worldwide pandemic of monkeypox (MPXV) elicited apprehensions over its possible long-term health ramifications. Recent data indicate a potential association between MPXV infection and the onset of autoimmune disorders, such as type 1 diabetes (T1D). This article analyzes the possible methods for MPXV infection to induce autoimmune responses and damage pancreatic β-cells. We examine from published articles the possible MPXV-induced immune dysregulation and inflammation in the development of T1D. Utilizing insights from other diabetogenic viruses, such as enterovirus and SARS-CoV-2. Currently, the association between MPXV and the development of T1D is scarce. Therefore, additional studies are essential for establishing a conclusive causal link between MPXV and T1D.},
}

*Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology/virology
Humans
*Insulin-Secreting Cells/immunology
*Autoimmunity
Animals
*Monkeypox virus/immunology
*Mpox, Monkeypox/immunology/complications/virology
Signal Transduction
Inflammation/immunology/virology
SARS-CoV-2/immunology

@article {pmid40517043,
year = {2025},
author = {Talmon, I and Pekarsky, S and Bartan, Y and Thie, N and Getz, WM and Kamath, PL and Bowie, RCK and Nathan, R},
title = {Using wild-animal tracking for detecting and managing disease outbreaks.},
journal = {Trends in ecology & evolution},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2025.05.004},
pmid = {40517043},
issn = {1872-8383},
abstract = {Zoonotic diseases increasingly threaten human and wildlife populations, driving a global rise in mass-mortality outbreaks, including the ongoing avian influenza panzootic in wildlife and zoonotic spillovers such as the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in humans. We introduce a new general framework for detecting and managing pathogen outbreaks using animal movement and sensory biologging data to enhance early outbreak detection, provide near-real-time updates on sentinel host health and mortality, and reveal infection-induced behavioral changes. Integrating past and near-real-time biologging with disease surveillance data also enables prospective assessments of spatiotemporal outbreak dynamics, informs management decisions, helps to mitigate spillover risks, and supports both disease control and wildlife conservation.},
}

@article {pmid40515956,
year = {2025},
author = {Ghorbian, M and Ghorbian, S and Ghobaei-Arani, M},
title = {AI-driven techniques for detection and mitigation of SARS-CoV-2 spread: a review, taxonomy, and trends.},
journal = {Clinical and experimental medicine},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {204},
pmid = {40515956},
issn = {1591-9528},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/prevention & control/epidemiology ; *SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; *Artificial Intelligence ; Machine Learning ; },
abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 RNA virus, with its rapid spread and frequent genetic changes, has posed unparalleled obstacles for public health and treatment efforts. Early diagnosis of the disease and the development of effective treatment strategies are the main pillars of epidemic control. In this regard, machine learning (ML) methods, an advanced subset of artificial intelligence (AI), can play an effective role in improving the accuracy of diagnosis and the effectiveness of treatments related to SARS-CoV-2. However, the implementation of ML in clinical settings faces issues such as data heterogeneity, lack of training data, model interpretability challenges, patient privacy protection, and implementation limitations. This article provides a systematic review of the applications of federated learning (FL), deep learning (DL), reinforcement learning (RL), and hybrid approaches in the field of SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and treatment. Based on the analysis of the results, the main focus of the research was on increasing privacy and security (P&S) with a share of 26%, improving detection accuracy and robustness (DAR) with 24%, and improving computational and communication efficiency (CCE) with 20%. These statistics indicate the importance of prioritizing patient information confidentiality and improving systems' accuracy and stability against data variability. In conclusion, the findings of this review can pave the way for the practical application of ML technologies in clinical decision-making and improving the quality of healthcare services related to SARS-CoV-2.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/diagnosis/prevention & control/epidemiology
*SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification
*Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning

@article {pmid40515733,
year = {2025},
author = {Xu, ZY and Ouyang, W and Liu, JL and Ye, WJ and Xu, F},
title = {Post-COVID-19 severe Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in a non-HIV and immunocompetent patient: A case report and literature review.},
journal = {The Journal of international medical research},
volume = {53},
number = {6},
pages = {3000605251344140},
pmid = {40515733},
issn = {1473-2300},
mesh = {Humans ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/complications/virology ; Immunocompetence ; *Pneumocystis carinii/isolation & purification ; *Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/drug therapy/diagnosis/microbiology/etiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {Pneumocystis jirovecii is a ubiquitous opportunistic fungus that can cause life-threatening pneumonia. The clinical manifestations of pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and P. jirovecii are similar, posing a significant challenge in the diagnosis of P. jirovecii pneumonia or coronavirus disease 2019. Herein, we report a case of P. jirovecii pneumonia diagnosed through bronchoalveolar lavage and sputum smear analyses. The patient recovered successfully and was discharged following combination therapy with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and corticosteroids. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are of vital importance in managing P. jirovecii pneumonia, particularly in individuals with related risk factors for P. jirovecii pneumonia development.},
}

Humans
Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use
*COVID-19/complications/virology
Immunocompetence
*Pneumocystis carinii/isolation & purification
*Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/drug therapy/diagnosis/microbiology/etiology
SARS-CoV-2
Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/therapeutic use

@article {pmid40515421,
year = {2025},
author = {Portilho, AI and Silva, VO and Brigido, LFM and De Gaspari, E},
title = {Should We Advance Our Understanding of Immunoglobulin E in Viral Immunity?.},
journal = {Immunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/imm.70007},
pmid = {40515421},
issn = {1365-2567},
support = {305301/2022-5//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/ ; //Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior/ ; },
abstract = {Immunoglobulin E has been extensively studied in allergies and parasitic diseases. However, antigen-specific IgE has been identified as part of the humoral response to some viruses, including Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Human rhinovirus (HRV), Influenza, Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Dengue virus (DENV) and SARS-CoV-2. In this brief article, we have reviewed key aspects of IgE function and structure, and summarised the findings about this antibody in virus-specific immune response. To date, IgE effector mechanisms in the face of viruses have been almost unexplored through functional assays. We speculate on possible functionalities, such as neutralisation, cytotoxicity and immunopathology of viral diseases, and provide insights about gaps to fill in future research.},
}

@article {pmid40514644,
year = {2025},
author = {Elboraay, T and Ebada, MA and Elsayed, M and Aboeldahab, HA and Salamah, HM and Rageh, O and Elmallahy, M and AboElfarh, HE and Mansour, LS and Nabil, Y and Eltawab, AKA and Atwan, H and Alkanj, S},
title = {Long-term neurological and cognitive impact of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis in over 4 million patients.},
journal = {BMC neurology},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {250},
pmid = {40514644},
issn = {1471-2377},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/psychology/epidemiology ; *Nervous System Diseases/epidemiology/etiology ; *Cognitive Dysfunction/epidemiology/etiology ; Prevalence ; Fatigue/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Neuropsychiatric symptoms emerged early in the COVID-19 pandemic as a key feature of the virus, with research confirming a range of neuropsychiatric manifestations linked to acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the persistence of neurological symptoms in the post-acute and chronic phases remains unclear. This meta-analysis assesses the long-term neurological effects of COVID-19 in recovered patients, providing insights for mental health service planning.

METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across five electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO, and CENTRAL, up to March 22, 2024. Studies evaluating the prevalence of long-term neurological symptoms in COVID-19 survivors with at least six months of follow-up were included. Pooled prevalence estimates, subgroup analyses, and meta-regression were performed, and publication bias was assessed.

RESULTS: The prevalence rates for the different symptoms were as follows: fatigue 43.3% (95% CI [36.1-50.9%]), memory disorders 27.8% (95% CI [20.1-37.1%]), cognitive impairment 27.1% (95% CI [20.4-34.9%]), sleep disorders 24.4% (95% CI [18.1-32.1%]), concentration impairment 23.8% (95% CI [17.2-31.9%]), headache 20.3% (95% CI [15-26.9%]), dizziness 16% (95% CI [9.5-25.7%]), stress 15.9% (95% CI [10.2-24%]), depression 14.0% (95% CI [10.1-19.2%]), anxiety 13.2% (95% CI [9.6-17.9%]), and migraine 13% (95% CI [2.2-49.8%]). Significant heterogeneity was observed across all symptoms. Meta-regression analysis showed higher stress, fatigue, and headache in females, and increased stress and concentration impairment with higher BMI.

CONCLUSIONS: Neurological symptoms are common and persistent in COVID-19 survivors. This meta-analysis highlights the significant burden these symptoms place on individuals, emphasizing the need for well-resourced multidisciplinary healthcare services to support post-COVID recovery.

REGISTRATION AND PROTOCOL: This meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO with registration number CRD42024576237.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications/psychology/epidemiology
*Nervous System Diseases/epidemiology/etiology
*Cognitive Dysfunction/epidemiology/etiology
Prevalence
Fatigue/epidemiology

@article {pmid40514375,
year = {2025},
author = {Deepika, and Kumari, A and Singh, S and Ahmad, MF and Chaki, D and Poria, V and Kumar, S and Saini, N and Yadav, N and Sangwan, N and BinMowyna, MN and Alsharari, ZD and Kambal, N and Min, JH and Raposo, A},
title = {Vitamin D: recent advances, associated factors, and its role in combating non-communicable diseases.},
journal = {NPJ science of food},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {100},
pmid = {40514375},
issn = {2396-8370},
abstract = {The field of nutrigenomics has produced numerous studies indicating the impact of vitamin D on various disease conditions. Trace elements of this vitamin in the body play a significant role in the regulation of body metabolism. This immunomodulatory vitamin plays a role in management of both communicable (viz. respiratory illness like COVID-19 and Respiratory tract infections) and non-communicable diseases e.g., cancer, osteomalacia, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Deficient levels, i.e., vitamin D deficiency in body can lead to the onset of chronic non-communicable illnesses. Vitamin D plays a direct and sometimes indirect role in the progression (when deficient) and prevention (when sufficient) of non-communicable diseases. This essential nutrient may be obtained through dietary intake or supplements. However, the absorption of it relies on various factors, including the presence of complementary nutrients, chemical forms, and external stimuli such as UV-B and a healthy gastrointestinal tract. This review discusses vitamin D absorption and its role in non-communicable diseases with updates on methods for evaluating and fortifying this vitamin in varied diets. We also briefly highlight recommended dietary allowances by age group, absorption difficulties, and its significance in non-communicable disorders.},
}

@article {pmid40084494,
year = {2025},
author = {McMullen, CL and Levin, D and Rama, A},
title = {Pediatric trauma and resuscitation: optimizing care in an evolving landscape.},
journal = {Current opinion in anaesthesiology},
volume = {38},
number = {3},
pages = {247-252},
doi = {10.1097/ACO.0000000000001484},
pmid = {40084494},
issn = {1473-6500},
mesh = {Humans ; *Resuscitation/methods/standards ; Child ; Blood Transfusion/methods ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Wounds, Gunshot/therapy/complications/mortality ; Blood Coagulation Disorders/therapy/etiology ; *Hemorrhage/therapy/etiology ; Infant ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Penetrating firearm-related injury has increased mortality rates in children in the USA. This article summarizes trends in pediatric injury patterns, the unique coagulation system of infants, and key components of hemostatic resuscitation in children.

RECENT FINDINGS: Firearm-associated penetrating trauma increased mortality and led to higher rates of pediatric massive transfusions. Patients may be the victim of previous gun violence or live with an adult who purchased a firearm for the first time during the COVID-19 pandemic. Platelet dysfunction and hypocalcemia are important considerations that may lead to higher transfusion requirements if not addressed. Pediatric massive transfusion protocols have become more standardized, and the use of whole blood has increased. Low-titer group O whole blood has shown benefit to improve coagulopathy and shock-associated indices when compared with conventional component therapy.

SUMMARY: Traumatic hemorrhage is potentially life-threatening in children and requires prompt hemostatic resuscitation. Massive transfusion protocols that target trauma-induced coagulopathy and account for the unique pediatric coagulation system are imperative. Ongoing and future research is important to standardize pediatric resuscitation practices.},
}

Humans
*Resuscitation/methods/standards
Child
Blood Transfusion/methods
COVID-19/epidemiology
*Wounds, Gunshot/therapy/complications/mortality
Blood Coagulation Disorders/therapy/etiology
*Hemorrhage/therapy/etiology
Infant

@article {pmid39937031,
year = {2025},
author = {Scharf, K and Toledo, P},
title = {The integration of telehealth in antenatal anesthesia consults.},
journal = {Current opinion in anaesthesiology},
volume = {38},
number = {3},
pages = {163-168},
doi = {10.1097/ACO.0000000000001460},
pmid = {39937031},
issn = {1473-6500},
mesh = {Humans ; Pregnancy ; Female ; *Telemedicine/organization & administration ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; *Anesthesia, Obstetrical/methods ; *Prenatal Care/methods ; Anesthesiologists ; Referral and Consultation ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Telehealth is a popular way for health care providers to connect with patients and is utilized by anesthesiologists across the world for preoperative evaluations. The purpose of this review is to outline the latest literature about telehealth use within obstetric anesthesia.

RECENT FINDINGS: Utilization of telehealth significantly increased during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and has proven to be a useful and reliable way to conduct antenatal obstetric anesthesia consultations in high-risk patient groups. Recent publications indicate the reliability and utility of telehealth, especially to reach remote patient populations. This can help anesthesiologists reach patients referred to tertiary centers from remote areas, which can improve the quality and safety of patient care. Furthermore, with hospital-provided infrastructure, the majority of obstetric patients are able to connect with providers via telehealth.

SUMMARY: Obstetric anesthesiologists play a pivotal role in the perioperative planning for high-risk pregnant women, and telehealth can serve as a tool to make this easier and more efficient with high patient and provider satisfaction.},
}

Humans
Pregnancy
Female
*Telemedicine/organization & administration
*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control
*Anesthesia, Obstetrical/methods
*Prenatal Care/methods
Anesthesiologists
Referral and Consultation
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40514218,
year = {2025},
author = {Pak, L and Rollison, J and Rabinowitz, M and Faherty, LJ},
title = {Human papillomavirus vaccine coverage surveys in low- and middle-income countries: current efforts and future considerations for very young adolescents.},
journal = {BMJ global health},
volume = {10},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {40514218},
issn = {2059-7908},
mesh = {Humans ; *Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Adolescent ; *Developing Countries ; *Vaccination Coverage/statistics & numerical data ; *Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Child ; Female ; Male ; },
abstract = {With the recent accelerated rollout of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), there is a growing need for high-quality vaccination coverage measurement. Vaccine coverage surveys are a key avenue for collecting coverage data, but little is known about the current state of HPV vaccination coverage surveys of very young adolescents (VYAs)-those 10-14 years of age-in LMICs and methodological considerations for these efforts. Through an analysis of peer-reviewed and grey literature and a series of expert discussions, we identify promising approaches for these coverage surveys, such as when to sample from schools versus households and how to reduce recall bias. We also draw attention to the significant methodological gaps, such as a lack of research comparing the validity of vaccination status self-report by the VYA to a caregiver's report. Next, we describe the status of coverage surveys, finding that most LMICs with the HPV vaccine included in their national programme have not conducted a nationally representative HPV vaccination coverage survey. We also describe four existing multi-country survey efforts that include HPV vaccination coverage questions. Finally, we discuss promising approaches to strengthen survey measurement of HPV vaccination coverage among VYAs. Our findings lay the groundwork for stakeholders to expand HPV vaccination coverage measurement for VYAs in LMICs, a necessary component for reducing global HPV and cervical cancer burdens.},
}

Humans
*Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage
Adolescent
*Developing Countries
*Vaccination Coverage/statistics & numerical data
*Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control
Child
Female
Male

@article {pmid40513718,
year = {2025},
author = {Aram, C and Firuzpour, F and Barancheshmeh, M and Kamali, MJ},
title = {Unveiling the translational and therapeutic potential of small interfering RNA molecules in combating SARS-CoV-2: A review.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {145203},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.145203},
pmid = {40513718},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {The global COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has led to significant mortality, with over 6.5 million deaths worldwide. While vaccines have played a crucial role in reducing disease severity, the emergence of viral variants continues to undermine vaccine efficacy, highlighting the need for alternative antiviral strategies. This review explores the potential of RNA interference (RNAi), particularly small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), as a targeted therapeutic approach against SARS-CoV-2. siRNAs can silence specific viral genes with high precision, effectively inhibiting viral replication. We discuss the design and mechanism of siRNAs, their primary molecular targets such as the spike (S), membrane (M), and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) genes and summarize past and current research findings. Special emphasis is placed on delivery systems, especially lung-targeted strategies essential for respiratory infections. We also evaluate how siRNA therapeutics can overcome challenges posed by viral mutations and treatment resistance. The novelty of this work lies in its focused comparison of siRNAs with other non-coding RNAs and its integration of computational tools for siRNA design. This review presents a strategic overview of siRNA development and highlights its translational potential for the current pandemic and future coronavirus outbreaks.},
}

@article {pmid40513291,
year = {2025},
author = {Gritsok, D and Hedström, M and Montenegro, MCBSM and Amorim, CG},
title = {Electrochemical molecularly imprinted polymer sensors in viral diagnostics: Innovations, challenges and case studies.},
journal = {Biosensors & bioelectronics},
volume = {287},
number = {},
pages = {117678},
doi = {10.1016/j.bios.2025.117678},
pmid = {40513291},
issn = {1873-4235},
abstract = {Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic equivalent of antibodies and have been widely used in electrochemical sensing as recognition elements. They offer advantages over traditional recognition elements such as antibodies, nucleic acids and aptamers due to their simple synthesis, lower production costs, greater chemical and physical stability, and robust performance in diverse environments. Improved detection techniques and combining MIPs with materials like metal nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, aptamers, metal organic frameworks, quantum dots, and electrochemically active internal probes show increasing potential. These combinations could become a reliable method for detecting viruses quickly, with performance similar or better than standard techniques. In this review article we provide detailed case studies covering ten different viruses (Bean pod mottle virus, Dengue virus, Zika virus, Foot-and-mouth disease virus, Human papillomavirus, Hepatitis C virus, Human immunodeficiency virus, Influenza A virus, Norovirus, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) and over forty specific examples. We summarize the recent advances in the development of electrochemical MIP-based sensors for the diagnostics of viral diseases and compare their performance. Additionally, challenges and future perspectives of MIPs as promising recognition elements are discussed.},
}

@article {pmid40513184,
year = {2025},
author = {Staller, DW and Gawargi, FI and Panigrahi, SS and Mishra, PK and Mahato, RI},
title = {Pharmaceutical perspectives on oligonucleotide therapeutics and delivery systems.},
journal = {Pharmacological reviews},
volume = {77},
number = {4},
pages = {100065},
doi = {10.1016/j.pharmr.2025.100065},
pmid = {40513184},
issn = {1521-0081},
abstract = {Gene therapy has a pivotal role in treating new diseases. In addition to the recent mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines produced by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna against severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2, several new gene therapies have recently been approved as effective treatments for fatal genetic disorders such as Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, familial transthyretin amyloidosis, hemophilia A, hemophilia B, spinal muscle atrophy, early cerebral autoleukodystrophy, and β-thalassemia. This review provides novel insights into RNA therapeutics focusing on endogenous RNA species, RNA structure and function, and chemical modifications that improve the stability and distribution of RNAs. Furthermore, it includes updated knowledge on clinically approved gene therapies rendering a comprehensive understanding of the biochemical basis and clinical application of gene therapies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: There have recently been significant advances in clinical translation of RNA therapeutics. This review discusses the diverse types of RNA species, RNA structure and function, backbone and chemical modifications to RNAs, and every RNA therapeutic approved for clinical use at the time of writing.},
}

@article {pmid40512320,
year = {2025},
author = {Rose, W},
title = {Resurgence of Group A Streptococcal Infections.},
journal = {Indian journal of pediatrics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40512320},
issn = {0973-7693},
abstract = {Group A Streptococcus (GAS) causes considerable burden on the society with its varied disease manifestations than can range from asymptomatic infection to severe invasive disease which can lead to significant mortality. There was a decline in GAS infections over time with improved living conditions all over the world, however, with the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a resurgence in the different types of GAS infections. This recent upsurge in the GAS cases worldwide and the increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance has brought the spotlight back on this organism. Many vaccines are under development, but face multiple challenges that hinder the availability of a safe and effective vaccine for widespread use.},
}

@article {pmid40512228,
year = {2025},
author = {Goldenberg, DL},
title = {The pivotal role of central sensitization in long COVID, fibromyalgia and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.},
journal = {Expert review of neurotherapeutics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-17},
doi = {10.1080/14737175.2025.2516097},
pmid = {40512228},
issn = {1744-8360},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Long COVID is a condition characterized by persistent unexplained symptoms following COVID-19 infection. These symptoms are not related to another disease or organ damage and are similar to those in fibromyalgia and myslgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS).

AREAS COVERED: The similar clinical and pathophysiological features and management of long COVID, fibromyalgia and ME/CFS are explored from the unifying framework of central sensitivity syndromes. The article is based on a literature search utilizing PubMed for content published between 2021 and 1 May 2025, using search terms: long COVID, long COVID syndrome, post-COVID-19, post-acute SARS-CoV-2, fibromyalgia, ME/CFS, post-exertional malaise and central sensitization.

EXPERT OPINION: Once long COVID is redefined to exclude patients with well-defined organ disease, it fits best as a model of central sensitization. Long COVID is a single syndrome, rather than many distinct diseases. Optimal management of long COVID and similar central sensitivity syndromes should include personalized care with a primary care led-multidisciplinary team.},
}

@article {pmid40510680,
year = {2025},
author = {Lin, J and Tong, Q and Huang, H and Liu, J and Kang, Y and Liu, S and Wang, W and Ren, T and Yuan, Y},
title = {Glucocorticoids and immunoglobulin alone or in combination in the treatment of multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.},
journal = {Frontiers in pediatrics},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {1545788},
pmid = {40510680},
issn = {2296-2360},
abstract = {IMPORTANCE/BACKGROUND: Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) has sparked the creation of diverse treatment guidelines by healthcare organizations globally. The initial management strategies for MIS-C differ among these guidelines. In developed nations, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is frequently advised as the first-line treatment. However, given its high cost and limited availability in numerous countries, there is a pressing need for evidence to validate alternative therapeutic options.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of glucocorticoids (GCs), IVIG, and combination therapy for the treatment of Children with MIS-C.

DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Medellín. The last search update was on April 8, 2025.

DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Cohort studies that evaluated the efficacy of IVIG, GCs, and IVIG combined with GCs in children clinically diagnosed with MIS-C were included. Two authors independently screened the studies, extracted relevant data, and assessed the risk of bias.

PRIMARY OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcomes of the Bayesian network meta-analysis were inotropic support requirements, treatment failure/persistent fever, left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, need for adjuvant immunotherapy, mortality and coronary artery dilatation/aneurysm. Secondary outcomes included length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), duration of fever, and duration of inotropic support.

RESULTS: The primary analysis included fourteen cohort studies with a total of 4,269 participants. According to moderate-quality evidence, combination therapy demonstrated the most significant reduction in the need for adjuvant immunotherapy compared to IVIG alone [OR 0.29, 95% CI (0.19, 0.45)]. Additionally, GCs monotherapy was found to be most effective in lowering the incidence of treatment failure [OR 0.23, 95% CI (0.14, 0.39)]. When compared to combination therapy, GCs monotherapy was associated with a reduction in ICU length of stay [SMD -0.25, 95% CI (-0.85, 0.36)], duration of fever (SMD [-0.42, 95% CI (-0.73, -0.11)], and duration of inotropic support [SMD -0.13, 95% CI (-0.46, 0.20)], as well as a decrease in the incidence of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction [OR 0.96, 95% CI (0.55, 1.68)]. Furthermore, GCs monotherapy had the lowest incidence of coronary artery dilation/aneurysm, while combination therapy required the least inotropic support. Patients receiving IVIG had the lowest mortality rate, but no statistically significant mortality differences existed across treatment groups.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: GCs monotherapy significantly reduces treatment failure rates and persistent fever duration, while combination therapy significantly reduces the need for adjunctive immunotherapy. For countries with limited access to IVIG, initiating GCs as first-line therapy may be a viable option.

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, PROSPERO identifier CRD42023456156.},
}

@article {pmid40510060,
year = {2025},
author = {Ng, MK and Mont, MA and Bonutti, PM},
title = {Clinical and Environmental Harms of Quaternary Ammonium Disinfectants and the Promise of Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) Alternatives: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {5},
pages = {e84022},
pmid = {40510060},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are widely used disinfectants whose application expanded dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic, raising concerns about long-term safety and environmental impact. This narrative review begins by outlining the chemical structure, mechanisms of action, and widespread use of QACs across healthcare, consumer, and industrial settings. We examine toxicologic findings from in vitro and animal studies, highlighting mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and reproductive toxicity at low-dose exposures. Clinical and public health data are reviewed, linking QAC exposure to respiratory symptoms, dermatitis, and potential reproductive risks among healthcare workers and other vulnerable populations. Environmental harms are also discussed, including QAC persistence in soil and water, ecotoxicity in aquatic species, and potential for bioaccumulation. We then explore ultraviolet-C (UV-C) disinfection as a non-chemical alternative, demonstrating comparable antimicrobial efficacy without the toxicological or ecological drawbacks of QACs. Despite the growing use of QACs, few studies have comprehensively reviewed their adverse effects or evaluated UV-C as a viable substitute. This narrative review fills a critical gap by synthesizing current evidence across disciplines and highlighting the need for safer disinfection practices. We advocate for the broader adoption of UV-C technologies to reduce chemical exposure, protect public health, and promote environmental sustainability.},
}

@article {pmid40509781,
year = {2025},
author = {Hayes, C and Bourke, S and Jacob, S and Joseph, B and Anish, L and Plummer, V and Abdelkader, A},
title = {Psychological Wellbeing and Predictors of Early Help-Seeking Behaviours of International Students of Undergraduate Nursing Programs: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Nursing open},
volume = {12},
number = {6},
pages = {e70249},
pmid = {40509781},
issn = {2054-1058},
mesh = {Humans ; *Students, Nursing/psychology ; Australia ; *Help-Seeking Behavior ; Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate ; *Mental Health ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Australian Universities are the principal providers of nurse education for international students. While researchers have recognised the important issue of poor psychological well-being among nursing students, few have explored the factors which impact international nursing students.

AIM: This review aimed to map the reported factors impacting psychological health, wellness and early help-seeking behaviours of international students enrolled in Bachelor of Nursing programmes.

METHODS: A scoping review with a five-stage methodological framework to interpret and synthesise the available literature was utilised. The following databases were searched: CINAHL Complete, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, ERIC and Scopus for studies published in English from 2012 to 2022. Additional sources were also sought through a review of the references of included studies. Four studies met the inclusion criteria.

RESULTS: Results revealed that all included studies were from Australia and utilised a quantitative approach. Factors impacting psychological health and wellbeing, as well as help-seeking behaviours included but were not limited to migrating alone, language spoken, marginalisation and the COVID-19 pandemic. Published literature on this topic is limited, with a notable absence from other countries.

CONCLUSION: This review highlights a gap in evidence concerning ways to support international nursing students.

There were no patient or public contributions in the design, conduct, analysis or preparation of this manuscript.},
}

Humans
*Students, Nursing/psychology
Australia
*Help-Seeking Behavior
Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate
*Mental Health
COVID-19/epidemiology

@article {pmid40508918,
year = {2025},
author = {Kusunoki, H},
title = {Unraveling Rising Mortality: Statistical Insights from Japan and International Comparisons.},
journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {40508918},
issn = {2227-9032},
abstract = {Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, Japan has experienced a significant rise in mortality, with excess deaths surpassing historical projections. Statistical data indicate a sharp increase in mortality rates from 2021 onward, attributed to COVID-19, aging demographics, cardiovascular diseases, and malignancies. Preliminary 2024 data suggest continued excess mortality, fueling public debate. This review analyzes national and municipal mortality trends using official Japanese statistics and comparative data from South Korea, the U.S., and the EU. Findings reveal a sharp mortality rise post-2021 in Japan and South Korea, while Western nations experienced peak deaths in 2020, followed by declines. The review explores contributing factors, including potential vaccine-related adverse effects, declining healthcare access, pandemic-induced stress, and demographic shifts. Notably, older adults' reluctance to seek medical care led to delayed diagnoses, treatment interruptions, and preventable deaths. Although some argue that declining COVID-19 vaccination rates in 2023 may have contributed to rising mortality in 2024, available data suggest a multifactorial causation. Japan's rapidly aging population, coupled with increasing mortality and declining birth rates, presents profound social and economic challenges. A nuanced approach, avoiding simplistic causal claims, is crucial for understanding these trends. This review highlights the need for a sustainable societal framework to address demographic shifts and improve healthcare resilience. Future pandemic strategies must balance infection control measures with mitigating unintended health consequences to ensure a more adaptive and effective public health response.},
}

@article {pmid40508880,
year = {2025},
author = {Tong, LK and Tam, HL and Mao, AM},
title = {A Bibliometric Review of Person-Centered Care Research 2010-2024.},
journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {40508880},
issn = {2227-9032},
support = {0544/DGAF/2024-03//Macao Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Person-centered care (PCC) has become a pivotal concept in healthcare. At present, no published studies have assessed the PCC field using bibliometric tools. This study aimed to identify hot spots, trends, and developmental trajectories within the PCC field. Methods: Publications related to PCC from 2010 to 2024 were extracted from the Web of Science core collection database and analyzed by the Bibliometrix package from RStudio. Results: A total of 5837 studies were analyzed. The analysis revealed steady growth in PCC research, with the United Kingdom, Australia, and the USA leading in publication numbers. Frequent keywords included patient-centered care, PCC, and qualitative research. The thematic shift from patient-centered care to PCC highlights a growing emphasis on individual healthcare needs and values. The evolution of research themes related to PCC has varied across different time periods, with communication, quality improvement, multimorbidity, and chronic disease remaining underdeveloped during 2020-2024, indicating that these themes are key focuses for future research. Emerging keywords over the past five years-value-based healthcare; deep learning; telehealth; and COVID-19-suggest new research directions. Conclusions: This study provides a detailed overview of the PCC research landscape, highlighting key areas of focus and identifying potential directions for future research. The findings suggest a dynamic field with a growing emphasis on individualized care and the integration of new methodologies and themes to address current healthcare challenges.},
}

@article {pmid40508838,
year = {2025},
author = {Richa, S and Praveen, S and Albariqi, AA and Abullais, SS and Mahmood, SE and Alsamghan, A and Bharti, RK and Bahamdan, GK},
title = {Global Trends and Emerging Frontiers in Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco Research: A Bibliometric Analysis over the Past Decade.},
journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {40508838},
issn = {2227-9032},
support = {RGP-2/504/45//the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for supporting this work through Large group Project/ ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Tobacco use remains a critical global health issue, with extensive research focusing on its impact on public health, particularly its strong association with oral cavity cancer. It is a leading cause of preventable disease and death worldwide, affecting millions each year. Despite increased awareness and regulatory measures, tobacco continues to pose significant challenges, prompting ongoing investigations into its health effects and related behaviors.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis of smoking and smokeless tobacco research from 2014 to 2024, focusing on identifying key research trends, influential contributors, emerging topics, and collaborative networks on a global scale.

METHODS: A dataset of 2694 research papers from PubMed was analyzed using bibliometric tools. Keyword co-occurrence, authorship patterns, and institutional collaborations were mapped to reveal dominant themes and trends. Additionally, country-specific publications were examined to assess geographical contributions and emerging research frontiers.

RESULTS: The analysis indicates a 7.3% annual increase in publications, with a peak in 2021 likely influenced by COVID-19. Research topics have shifted from traditional tobacco-related health impacts, such as lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases, to newer areas like e-cigarettes and social determinants of health. Strong international collaborations were noted, with the U.S., China, and Europe as dominant contributors. Emerging research frontiers include electronic nicotine delivery systems and strategies aimed at controlling tobacco-related health risks.

CONCLUSION: This bibliometric study highlights significant growth in tobacco-related research over the past decade. Evolving trends reflect a shift toward newer tobacco products and public health challenges. These findings provide valuable insights for shaping future research agendas and informing global tobacco control policies.},
}

@article {pmid40508830,
year = {2025},
author = {Miranda Gálvez, AL and Pacheco-Unguetti, AP},
title = {The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {40508830},
issn = {2227-9032},
abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic and related public health measures significantly disrupted daily life, with profound consequences for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Young adults with ASD faced unique challenges due to disruptions in routines, employment instability, limited access to essential services, and increased social isolation. While some individuals benefited from reduced social pressures and the adoption of remote work, many experienced heightened anxiety, behavioral difficulties, and declines in autonomy. This systematic review examines the impact of the pandemic on young adults with ASD, focusing on key domains such as autonomy, employment, service accessibility, socialization, emotional regulation, and overall well-being.

METHODS: This review followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and its protocol was pre-registered in the PROSPERO database. A search was conducted in four databases-PubMed, Scous, Web of Science, and PsycInfo-as well as in specialized journals in the field.

RESULTS: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final synthesis. The findings highlight significant disruptions in daily life, increased dependence on caregivers, and difficulties in maintaining structured activities. However, technology-assisted interventions, including virtual therapies and remote work opportunities, played a role in mitigating some adverse effects.

CONCLUSIONS: Despite the heterogeneity in methodologies, this review underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions to support young adults with ASD during crises. Future research should focus on long-term consequences and developing inclusive policies that enhance resilience, access to services, and social integration.},
}

@article {pmid40507927,
year = {2025},
author = {Federico, M},
title = {The Potential of Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Spread of Self-Amplifying RNA and a Way to Mitigate It.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {40507927},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {RIP-01//Italian Ministry of Health/ ; },
mesh = {*Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism ; Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology/virology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology/genetics ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; *RNA, Viral/genetics/immunology ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Animals ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Liposomes ; },
abstract = {Self-amplifying RNA-based (saRNA) technology represents the last frontier in using synthetic RNA in vaccinology. Typically, saRNA consists of positive-strand RNA molecules of viral origin (almost exclusively from alphaviruses) where the sequences of structural proteins are replaced with the open reading frame coding the antigen of interest. For in vivo delivery, they are complexed with lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), just like current COVID-19 vaccines based on synthetic messenger RNA (mRNA). Given their ability to amplify themselves inside the cell, optimal intracellular levels of the immunogenic antigen can be achieved by delivering lower amounts of saRNA molecules compared to mRNA-based vaccines. However, the excessive intracellular accumulation of saRNA may represent a relevant drawback since, as already described in alphavirus-infected cells, the recipient cell may react by incorporating excessive RNA molecules into extracellular vesicles (EVs). These EVs can shed and enter neighboring as well as distant cells, where the EV-associated saRNA can start a new replication cycle. This mechanism could lead to an unwanted and unnecessary spread of saRNA throughout the body, posing relevant safety issues. This perspective article discusses the molecular mechanisms through which saRNAs can be transmitted among different cells/tissues. In addition, a simple way to control the possible excessive saRNA intercellular propagation through the co-expression of an EV-anchored protein inhibiting the saRNA replication is proposed. Based on current knowledge, a safety improvement of saRNA-based vaccines appears to be mandatory for their usage in healthy humans.},
}

*Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism
Humans
*COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology/virology
SARS-CoV-2/immunology/genetics
*COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
*RNA, Viral/genetics/immunology
Nanoparticles/chemistry
Animals
RNA, Messenger/genetics
Liposomes

@article {pmid40507911,
year = {2025},
author = {Popa, E and Popa, AE and Poroch, M and Poroch, V and Ungureanu, MI and Slanina, AM and Bacusca, A and Coman, EA},
title = {The Molecular Mechanisms of Cognitive Dysfunction in Long COVID: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {40507911},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/metabolism ; *Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology/metabolism/virology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Cognitive dysfunction represents one of the most persistent and disabling features of Long COVID, yet its molecular underpinnings remain incompletely understood. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on the pathophysiological mechanisms linking SARS-CoV-2 infection to long-term neurocognitive sequelae. Key processes include persistent neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, endothelial dysfunction, immune dysregulation, and neuroendocrine imbalance. Microglial activation and cytokine release (e.g., IL-6, TNF-α) promote synaptic dysfunction and neuronal injury, while activation of inflammasomes such as NLRP3 amplifies CNS inflammation. Vascular abnormalities, including microthrombosis and BBB leakage, facilitate the infiltration of peripheral immune cells and neurotoxic mediators. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction and reduced vagal tone further exacerbate systemic inflammation and autonomic imbalance. Biomarkers such as GFAP, NFL, IL-6, and S100B have been associated with both neuroinflammation and cognitive symptoms. Notably, transcriptomic signatures in Long COVID overlap with those observed in Alzheimer's disease, highlighting shared pathways involving tau dysregulation, oxidative stress, and glial reactivity. Understanding these mechanisms is critical for identifying at-risk individuals and developing targeted therapeutic strategies. This review underscores the need for longitudinal research and integrative biomarker analysis to elucidate the molecular trajectory of cognitive impairment in Long COVID.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications/metabolism
*Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology/metabolism/virology
SARS-CoV-2
Biomarkers/metabolism
Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism

@article {pmid40507747,
year = {2025},
author = {De Melo, LC and Rugna, MM and Durães, TA and Pereira, SS and Callado, GY and Pires, P and Traina, E and Araujo Júnior, E and Granese, R},
title = {Congenital Rubella Syndrome in the Post-Elimination Era: Why Vigilance Remains Essential.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {40507747},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) results from maternal infection with the rubella virus during pregnancy, particularly in the first trimester, when the risk of vertical transmission and severe fetal damage is highest. CRS is characterized by a broad spectrum of congenital anomalies, including sensorineural hearing loss, congenital heart defects, cataracts, neurodevelopmental delay, and behavioral disorders. Despite the absence of specific antiviral therapies, active immunization remains the only effective strategy to prevent rubella infection and its congenital consequences. Global immunization efforts, particularly in the Americas, have led to the elimination of rubella and CRS in several countries. However, challenges persist in the post-elimination era, including declining vaccine coverage, vaccine hesitancy, and setbacks caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Diagnosis relies on maternal serology, fetal imaging, postnatal antibody testing, and molecular techniques. Management requires long-term, multidisciplinary follow-up due to the complex and lifelong sequelae affecting sensory, motor, and cognitive development. This review highlights the clinical, epidemiological, and pathophysiological aspects of CRS, while emphasizing the urgent need to maintain high vaccination coverage and strengthen surveillance systems. Sustained public health commitment is essential to prevent the reemergence of rubella and protect future generations from this preventable syndrome.},
}

@article {pmid40507642,
year = {2025},
author = {Asseri, AA},
title = {Respiratory Syncytial Virus: A Narrative Review of Updates and Recent Advances in Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Management and Prevention.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {40507642},
issn = {2077-0383},
support = {RGP1/204/45//Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University/ ; },
abstract = {Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) continues as the major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children around the world, and its substantial morbidity, particularly among infants and high-risk children, poses a significant burden on healthcare systems worldwide. RSV infections occur as a spectrum, ranging from mild upper respiratory symptoms to severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia, and the number of infections shows seasonal variations in different latitudes, as well as lasting impacts, reflecting the COVID-19 pandemic. The pathogenesis of the virus involves epithelial cell invasion and/or fusion to form syncytia, along with exaggerated immune-mediated responses. Disease severity is known to depend on viral load, strain variation, and host immune immaturity. Severe RSV infection during infancy is notably linked with long-term respiratory sequelae such as recurrent wheezing and asthma. Diagnosis is based on clinical suspicion and laboratory confirmation using rapid antigen testing or nucleic acid amplification tests, namely PCR. Non-pharmaceutical interventions, maternal vaccination, and prophylaxis with monoclonal antibodies, e.g., palivizumab and nirsevimab, a newly introduced long-acting agent, are efficient protective and preventive measures. Treatment is still, for the most part, supportive in nature and focuses on oxygen supplementation, hydration, and respiratory support for patients with more severe disease courses; however, the development of immunoprophylaxis and vaccine candidates shows promise for reducing the global burden of RSV.},
}

@article {pmid40507506,
year = {2025},
author = {Živković Zarić, R and Zarić, M and Protrka, S and Andrić, V and Arsenijević, N and Čanović, P and Mladenović, V and Jakovljević, S and Adamović, M and Glišić, M},
title = {Treatment and Outcomes of COVID-19 Infection in Pregnant Women: Systematic Review of Cases Reported in Europe.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {40507506},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Background/Objectives: The World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global pandemic of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 in March 2020. May 2023 was the month that ended the global pandemic. Pregnant females with COVID-19 are less likely to be symptomatic than non-pregnant patients, with nearly three-quarters being without symptoms. According to previous studies, even if somebody develops symptoms, they are usually mild, most commonly coughing (41%), fever (40%), and dyspnea (21%). Our study aims to search the literature systematically, especially case series and case reports published in Europe, and to summarize results about the kind of COVID-19 therapy in pregnant women and about outcomes in mothers and newborns. Methods: Our systematic review was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with CRD42024566838. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and Serbian Citation Index (SCIndeks). In this study, case reports or case series with open, complete text that included full clinical records of the individuals identified with infection in pregnancy, thought to be caused by COVID-19, were used. Case series or case reports were eliminated if they (1) did not contain a full clinical report for every patient, or (2) included an individual who suffered from another viral infection other than COVID-19, so the clinical course and the outcome could not be precisely defined. We evaluated reporting bias and attrition bias. Results: Our study included 32 published studies (eight case series and 24 case reports) that included 56 individual cases. The oldest patient was 50 years old, and the youngest was 19 years old. The most common symptom initially was dry cough (n = 23; 41%), followed by fever (n = 21; 37%) and dyspnea (n = 10; 17%). In three patients, a lower level of thrombocytes was reported, with the lowest level of 86 × 10[9]. The most frequently used drugs in pregnant women with COVID-19 infection were azithromycin, lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, as well as corticosteroids. Twenty-two patients were on mechanical ventilation. After all this reported therapy, ten women died, as well as seven newborns. Conclusions: From our results, we can conclude that mechanical ventilation correlates with cesarean section performed more frequently, as well as with a higher mortality rate of neonates. There are no significant data related to transplacental transmission of the virus. Generally, mortality in our group of patients (mothers) was 17%, which is similar to the general population death from COVID-19 infection.},
}

@article {pmid40507383,
year = {2025},
author = {Milic, J and Vucurovic, M and Grego, E and Jovic, D and Sapic, R and Jovic, S and Jovanovic, V},
title = {From Fear to Hope: Understanding Preparatory and Anticipatory Grief in Women with Cancer-A Public Health Approach to Integrating Screening, Compassionate Communication, and Psychological Support Strategies.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {40507383},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Prolonged grief disorder, also known as post-loss grief, was officially recognized in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) after years of debate within the mental health community. However, while post-loss grief gained recognition, anticipatory and preparatory grief, which occur before a loss, have remained underexplored. Preparatory grief affects individuals nearing the end of life, while anticipatory grief impacts the loved ones of those who are about to die. These grief types are particularly prevalent among women, who are more vulnerable to their emotional and psychological challenges. The primary aim of this study was to investigate preparatory grief in women diagnosed with cancer and anticipatory grief in their loved ones, with the goal of developing management guidelines. The secondary objective was to identify protective factors, such as psychotherapeutic interventions and systemic support, to alleviate grief-related distress. This review synthesized evidence from the PubMed and Cochrane databases, covering studies from 1968 to 2020 and after the COVID-19 pandemic in 2023. The results revealed that anticipatory grief was common among loved ones, leading to increased emotional distress, while cancer patients experienced preparatory grief, facing both emotional and practical challenges. Both types of grief were associated with altered stress responses, such as lower diurnal cortisol levels. Psychotherapeutic interventions, particularly early and systemic psychotherapy, were found to effectively reduce symptoms of both anticipatory and preparatory grief, improving coping strategies and emotional well-being. The study concluded that empowering coping strategies and social support played key roles in enhancing emotional outcomes for both patients and their families.},
}

@article {pmid40507071,
year = {2025},
author = {Bigman, G and Rusu, ME and Shelawala, N and Sorkin, JD and Beamer, BA and Ryan, AS},
title = {A Comprehensive Scoping Review on Diet and Nutrition in Relation to Long COVID-19 Symptoms and Recovery.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {17},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {40507071},
issn = {2072-6643},
support = {IK6 RX003977/RX/RRD VA/United States ; K01 AG078545/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; P30 AG028747/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AG051752/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/physiopathology/diet therapy ; *Nutritional Status ; *Diet ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Adult ; },
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Long COVID-19 is characterized by persistent symptoms lasting three months or more following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nutrition has emerged as a modifiable factor influencing recovery trajectories and symptom burden; however, existing evidence remains fragmented across diverse study designs and populations. This scoping review synthesized global evidence on the role of diet and nutrition in managing long COVID-19 symptoms and supporting recovery. Methods: Following PRISMA-ScR and Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines for scoping reviews, we searched major biomedical databases for studies published between 2020 and 2025. Eligible studies examined dietary intake, nutritional status, or nutrition-related interventions in adults with long COVID-19. Results: After duplicates were removed, 1808 records were screened, resulting in 50 studies that met the inclusion criteria-27 intervention studies and 23 observational studies. Nutritional exposures included micronutrients (e.g., vitamins D, K2), amino acids (e.g., L-arginine), multinutrient formulations, microbiota-targeted therapies (e.g., probiotics, synbiotics), nutritional status, diet quality, and whole-diet patterns (e.g., the Mediterranean diet). Approximately 76% of studies reported improvements in long COVID-19-related symptoms such as fatigue, mood disturbances, physical function, and markers of inflammation. Conclusions: Diet and nutrition may support long COVID-19 recovery by targeting inflammation and the gut microbiome to alleviate symptoms and improve functional outcomes. Well-powered trials of whole-diet approaches, combined with targeted supplementation, are needed to confirm their potential as scalable, accessible tools for post-COVID-19 recovery and management.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications/physiopathology/diet therapy
*Nutritional Status
*Diet
SARS-CoV-2
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
Adult

@article {pmid40506676,
year = {2025},
author = {Domenech, A and Kasujee, I and Koscielny, V and Griffiths, CEM},
title = {Systematic Review of the Use of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index Across Different Disease Areas.},
journal = {Advances in therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40506676},
issn = {1865-8652},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Since its first publication in 1998, the 5-item World Health Organization Well-being index, WHO-5, has become one of the most widely used questionnaires to assess subjective psychological well-being.

AIMS: To perform a systematic review of the WHO-5 questionnaire, with a focus on its use across various disease areas and patient populations.

METHODS: Studies reporting the use of the WHO-5 were searched on the PubMed and PsycINFO databases (search December 2024). The classification of the different diseases or disorders was used following the 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases.

RESULTS: A total of 552 studies met the predefined criteria for inclusion in the review. We provide an overview of the WHO-5 use in all different disease areas, the psychological burden of the patients, and if available, the impact of the treatments on their well-being. The groups with the most publications refer to the Coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic (n = 161, 29.2%) followed by the group of mental, behavioral, or neurodevelopmental disorders (n = 141, 25.6%), and the group of endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (n = 120, 21.7%).

CONCLUSIONS: The WHO-5 is a short questionnaire consisting of 5 positively formulated questions, which successfully detect when a disease impacts a person's subjective well-being. The scale proved to detect changes in well-being across various diseases around the world, and it should be considered in clinical practice and research.},
}

@article {pmid40506276,
year = {2025},
author = {Stormezand, GN and Doorduin, J and Glaudemans, AWJM and van der Hoorn, A and De Jong, BM},
title = {Current Developments on [[18]F]FDG PET/CT in Inflammatory Disorders of the Central Nervous System.},
journal = {Seminars in nuclear medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2025.06.001},
pmid = {40506276},
issn = {1558-4623},
abstract = {2-Deoxy-2-[[18]F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is widely used to study cerebral glucose metabolism and may be useful in several inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system. Emerging literature suggests that [[18]F]FDG may be more sensitive to detect abnormalities in auto-immune encephalitis (AIE) in comparison to MRI, especially in NDMA receptor encephalitis. Distinct patterns of regional abnormalities in AIE have been reported, depending on the auto-antibody involved. Predominant findings are hypermetabolism of the mediotemporal lobe and hypometabolism in parietal and occipital lobes. The possibility for whole body imaging in the setting of malignancy screening further strengthens the importance of [[18]F]FDG PET in AIE when associated with paraneoplastic syndromes. Other inflammatory conditions of the central nervous system where [[18]]FDG PET may facilitate diagnosis include neurosarcoidosis and potential neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematodes. More recently, [[18]F]FDG PET has been used in patients to evaluate postacute sequelae of COVID-19, allowing assessment of specific neuronal impairments at the individual level and determination of time-dependent metabolic alterations.},
}

@article {pmid40505671,
year = {2025},
author = {Post, RM and Li, VW and Berk, M and Yatham, LN},
title = {Lithium as a disease-modifying drug for bipolar disorder.},
journal = {The lancet. Psychiatry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/S2215-0366(25)00097-5},
pmid = {40505671},
issn = {2215-0374},
abstract = {Lithium is a classic, primary treatment for bipolar disorder that has paradoxically been used less over time, especially in North America, which goes against the accumulating evidence for its efficacy. Bipolar disorder is increasingly conceptualised as a chronic, potentially progressive condition worsened and accelerated by each mood episode, which might resemble multiple sclerosis or rheumatoid arthritis as a condition that requires disease-modifying treatments to change illness trajectory. In this Personal View, we argue that lithium acts like a disease-modifying drug in bipolar disorder. Although the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder remains unclear, many of the mechanisms implicated in bipolar disorder, and the surrogate markers associated with this condition, are uniquely affected by lithium treatment from the DNA and cellular levels to the structure and function of the brain and other body systems. Clinical trial and cohort study evidence shows that lithium is effective and probably superior to other medications used to treat bipolar disorder, and that long-term outcomes are better with lithium than non-lithium regimens. Conceptualisation of lithium as a disease-modifying agent might help to increase clinical use by doctors, especially early in the disease course to better serve our patients.},
}

@article {pmid40505559,
year = {2025},
author = {Lukman, KM and Hastuti, LP and Oktavia, D and Pratiwi, D and Uchiyama, Y and Harding, D},
title = {Towards blue skies: A comprehensive review and regional mapping of ambient air quality in Indonesian cities.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {389},
number = {},
pages = {126132},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126132},
pmid = {40505559},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {This study reviews the landscape of ambient air quality research in Indonesia, analyzing 74 articles published between 2014 and 2024. The analysis focuses on key pollutants-PM2.5, NOx, and SOx-in metropolitan cities like Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, and Semarang. Findings reveal that transportation, industrial activities, and forest fires are primary contributors to urban air pollution. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted air quality, with marked reductions in PM2.5 and NOx levels in 2020 due to decreased human activities. However, pollutant concentrations rose again as economic activities resumed post-pandemic. Jakarta, the capital city, experienced notable changes, demonstrating the profound effects of emissions reduction strategies. This review highlights the urgent need for continuous monitoring, improved regulatory frameworks, and sustainable urban planning to mitigate air pollution in Indonesia's rapidly urbanizing cities.},
}

@article {pmid40503878,
year = {2025},
author = {Santamaria-Castro, I and Leiva-Rebollo, R and Marín-Wong, S and Jimenez-Guardeño, JM and Ortega-Prieto, AM},
title = {Molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry: implications for biomedical strategies.},
journal = {Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0026024},
doi = {10.1128/mmbr.00260-24},
pmid = {40503878},
issn = {1098-5557},
abstract = {SUMMARYThe mechanisms by which viruses enter host cells are crucial for their ability to infect and cause disease, serving as major targets for both host immune responses and therapeutic strategies. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry process is primarily driven by the binding of the viral spike (S) protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, in conjunction with the activity of endosomal cathepsin L and the serine protease transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). Nevertheless, recent scientific advances have expanded our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 entry mechanisms, uncovering alternative receptors and novel cofactors that may enhance viral tropism and adaptability. Given the critical role of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein in mediating host cell entry, it has become a primary target for prevention and therapeutic strategies. However, the continuous spread of SARS-CoV-2 has led to the emergence of S protein variants that may potentially confer a fitness advantage or modify key aspects of SARS-CoV-2 biology, such as transmissibility, infectivity, antigenicity, and/or pathogenicity, posing significant challenges to the efficacy of current interventions. In this review, we provide an updated and comprehensive overview of the latest advances in SARS-CoV-2 entry pathways and molecular mechanisms, exploring their implications for antiviral drug discovery, vaccine design, and the development of other biomedical strategies while addressing the challenges posed by the ongoing evolution of the virus.},
}

@article {pmid40503462,
year = {2024},
author = {Jonah, JH and Samuel, G and Abdullahi, MI and Emmanuel, EA and Danladi, SS and Ekwuluo, CE},
title = {Nigeria's public health response to disease outbreaks: A review of strengths and weaknesses.},
journal = {Journal of public health in Africa},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {773},
pmid = {40503462},
issn = {2038-9922},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In the past 20 years, Nigeria has confronted an array of six significant infectious disease outbreaks, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Lassa fever, meningitis, diphtheria, cholera and Ebola. Although the country has generally managed to address most of these infections effectively, there are still some shortcomings in the nation's public health response.

AIM: This review examined the six most significant outbreaks of infectious diseases and the corresponding public health responses, evaluating the strengths and limitations of the country's public health system.

SETTING: This study focused on Nigeria. Nigeria is regarded as a country with the largest population in Africa.

METHOD: A narrative review approach was employed, which entailed identifying pertinent literature using search terms with various Boolean combinations derived from multiple electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) database, the Web of Science and Africa Journals Online.

RESULTS: The key strengths of Nigeria's public health system include surveillance, workforce development, prevention at entry points, risk communication and establishment of national reference libraries. However, the study also identified several areas of weakness, such as inadequate funding, inadequate efforts at the subnational level, poor coordination between public health and security authorities, a lack of integration between the animal and human health sectors, inadequate biosafety and biosecurity policies and programmes and logistical complexities.

CONCLUSION: Despite the strengths, there are still weaknesses within Nigeria's public health system response to infectious diseases.

CONTRIBUTION: The study outlined the various strengths and weaknesses of the Nigeria Public health system in combating infectious disease. Therefore, it is recommended that funding be increased, poverty and inequalities are addressed, efforts at the subnational level be increased, and a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the public health sector and security authorities be established.},
}

@article {pmid40328546,
year = {2025},
author = {Kleinerova, J and Tan, EL and Delaney, S and Smyth, M and Bede, P},
title = {Advances and research priorities in the respiratory management of ALS: Historical perspectives and new technologies.},
journal = {Revue neurologique},
volume = {181},
number = {6},
pages = {525-534},
doi = {10.1016/j.neurol.2025.04.008},
pmid = {40328546},
issn = {0035-3787},
mesh = {Humans ; *Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/therapy/complications/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; History, 19th Century ; Noninvasive Ventilation/methods ; Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy/etiology ; *Biomedical Research/trends ; },
abstract = {Respiratory involvement has been identified as a cardinal feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) since its earliest descriptions in the 19th century. Since these initial reports, considerable research has been undertaken to clarify the pathophysiology and progression rates associated with respiratory compromise and effective management strategies have been developed. Clinical trials routinely incorporate respiratory measures as study end points, non-invasive ventilation is now widely used in the home setting, cough-assist techniques are commonly used, advanced neurophysiology techniques and wearable technologies have been integrated into respiratory monitoring protocols, and palliative guidelines have been developed to effectively manage respiratory distress. Despite the widespread implementation of these interventions, epidemiology studies are inconsistent and some studies suggest that survival in ALS has not improved significantly with the introduction of these measures. The outcomes of diaphragmatic pacing trials have been disappointing, advanced neurophysiology techniques are not routinely utilised, spinal and brainstem imaging are not commonly undertaken and significant geographical differences exist in proceeding to tracheostomy. The worldwide COVID pandemic has given impetus for remote monitoring, connected devices, video-consultations, and timely vaccinations in ALS; lessons that are invaluable long after the pandemic. Respiratory monitoring and management in ALS is a swiftly evolving facet of ALS care with considerable quality of life benefits.},
}

Humans
*Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/therapy/complications/history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
COVID-19/epidemiology
History, 19th Century
Noninvasive Ventilation/methods
Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy/etiology
*Biomedical Research/trends

@article {pmid40254264,
year = {2025},
author = {Posa, A},
title = {Spike protein-related proteinopathies: A focus on the neurological side of spikeopathies.},
journal = {Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft},
volume = {260},
number = {},
pages = {152662},
doi = {10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152662},
pmid = {40254264},
issn = {1618-0402},
mesh = {Humans ; *Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Nervous System Diseases/etiology ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism ; Pandemics ; Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The spike protein (SP) is an outward-projecting transmembrane glycoprotein on viral surfaces. SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2), responsible for COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019), uses SP to infect cells that express angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on their membrane. Remarkably, SP has the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) into the brain and cause cerebral damage through various pathomechanisms. To combat the COVID-19 pandemic, novel gene-based products have been used worldwide to induce human body cells to produce SP to stimulate the immune system. This artificial SP also has a harmful effect on the human nervous system.

STUDY DESIGN: Narrative review.

OBJECTIVE: This narrative review presents the crucial role of SP in neurological complaints after SARS-CoV-2 infection, but also of SP derived from novel gene-based anti-SARS-CoV-2 products (ASP).

METHODS: Literature searches using broad terms such as "SARS-CoV-2", "spike protein", "COVID-19", "COVID-19 pandemic", "vaccines", "COVID-19 vaccines", "post-vaccination syndrome", "post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome" and "proteinopathy" were performed using PubMed. Google Scholar was used to search for topic-specific full-text keywords.

CONCLUSIONS: The toxic properties of SP presented in this review provide a good explanation for many of the neurological symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection and after injection of SP-producing ASP. Both SP entities (from infection and injection) interfere, among others, with ACE2 and act on different cells, tissues and organs. Both SPs are able to cross the BBB and can trigger acute and chronic neurological complaints. Such SP-associated pathologies (spikeopathies) are further neurological proteinopathies with thrombogenic, neurotoxic, neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative potential for the human nervous system, particularly the central nervous system. The potential neurotoxicity of SP from ASP needs to be critically examined, as ASPs have been administered to millions of people worldwide.},
}

Humans
*Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
*Nervous System Diseases/etiology
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism
Pandemics
Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism

@article {pmid39898883,
year = {2025},
author = {Ciriminna, R and Petri, GL and Angellotti, G and Luque, R and Fabiano Tixier, AS and Meneguzzo, F and Pagliaro, M},
title = {Citrus Flavonoids as Antimicrobials.},
journal = {Chemistry & biodiversity},
volume = {22},
number = {6},
pages = {e202403210},
doi = {10.1002/cbdv.202403210},
pmid = {39898883},
issn = {1612-1880},
mesh = {*Flavonoids/pharmacology/chemistry ; *Citrus/chemistry ; Humans ; *Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology/chemistry ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/chemistry ; Bacteria/drug effects ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; },
abstract = {Citrus flavonoids are highly bioactive compounds exerting numerous health benefits including anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, mitoprotective, and neuroprotective activity. Research on their broad-scope bioactivity experienced a renaissance in the early 2000s, and further accelerated after COVID-19, including research on their antimicrobial properties. Summarizing selected research achievements on the antimicrobial activity of the main Citrus flavonoids, this study aims to provide a unified picture on the antimicrobial properties of these valued compounds that will hopefully assist in the development of flavonoid-based antimicrobials, including antibacterial treatments suitable for clinical use minimizing antimicrobial resistance.},
}

*Flavonoids/pharmacology/chemistry
*Citrus/chemistry
Humans
*Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology/chemistry
*Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/chemistry
Bacteria/drug effects
Microbial Sensitivity Tests

@article {pmid39853998,
year = {2025},
author = {Zahran, EM and Elfoly, E and Elhamadany, EY and Hemied, MS and Elsayed, TA and Hisham, M and Abdelmohsen, UR},
title = {Unveiling the Broad-Spectrum Efficacy of Volatile Terpenes to Fight Against SARS-COV-2-Associated Mucormycosis.},
journal = {Chemistry & biodiversity},
volume = {22},
number = {6},
pages = {e202402847},
doi = {10.1002/cbdv.202402847},
pmid = {39853998},
issn = {1612-1880},
mesh = {*Terpenes/pharmacology/chemistry/therapeutic use ; *Mucormycosis/drug therapy ; *Antifungal Agents/pharmacology/chemistry/therapeutic use ; Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Mucorales/drug effects ; *Volatile Organic Compounds/chemistry/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {Mucormycosis, a life-threatening fungal infection caused by Mucorales, affects immunocompromised patients, especially SARS-CoV-2 ones. Existing antifungal therapies, like amphotericin B, have serious health risks. The current study reviews the literature regarding an overview of SARS-CoV-2-associated mucormycosis, along with different terpenes from diverse edible sources, such as basil, ginger, and clove, which are detected till June 2024. The antifungal potential of collected terpenes, their classifications, mechanisms of action, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values, and future perspectives are discussed here. The search identified 89 fungicidal volatile terpenes, belonging to about 26 families, from which 45 were selected for further in silico analysis. The results highlighted oryzalexin B (60), oryzalexin D (62), carvacrol (4), mansorin B (66), muzigadial (86), and lubimin (80) as potential antifungal agents against lanosterol 14α-demethylase, CotH3, and mucoricin as potential targets in Mucorales. CotH3 is crucial for activating GRP-78, a host co-receptor for ACE2, which is essential for SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Additionally, carvacrol was in vitro investigated against Mucor racemosus via the agar diffusion method, giving an MIC value of 1 mg/mL, compared to 0.1 mg/mL of ketoconazole. This study suggests promising potential for volatile terpenes in combating SARS-CoV-2-associated mucormycosis, with the need for further refined in vitro and in vivo studies to establish clinical efficacy.},
}

*Terpenes/pharmacology/chemistry/therapeutic use
*Mucormycosis/drug therapy
*Antifungal Agents/pharmacology/chemistry/therapeutic use
Humans
*COVID-19/complications
SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Mucorales/drug effects
*Volatile Organic Compounds/chemistry/pharmacology

@article {pmid40504224,
year = {2020},
author = {Aday, S and Aday, MS},
title = {Impacts of COVID-19 on Food Supply Chain.},
journal = {Food quality and safety},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {fyaa024},
doi = {10.1093/fqsafe/fyaa024},
pmid = {40504224},
issn = {2399-1402},
abstract = {A pandemic is not a new event encountered in the history of humanity, because mankind has faced various pandemics in history. The common point of pandemics is their serious negative effects on the global economy. Considering the food supply chain, one of the most important sectors of the economy, it has seen that COVID-19 has an impact on the whole process from the field to the consumer. In the light of recent challenges in food supply chain, there is now considerable concern about the food production, processing, distribution, and demand. COVID-19 resulted the movement restrictions of workers, changes in demand of consumers, closure of food production facilities, restricted food trade policies and financial pressures in food supply chain. Therefore, governments should facilitate the movement of workers and agri-food products. In addition, small farmers or vulnerable peoples should be supported financially. Facilities should change the working conditions and maintain the health and safety of employees by altering safety measures. Food protectionist policies should be avoided to prevent an increase in food prices. In conclusion, each country must realize the severity of the situation and sometimes should tighten or loosen the measures according to spreadability of the pandemic. The supply chain also should be flexible enough to respond to the challenges in the food supply chain. The purpose of this review article is to determine the impact of COVID-19 in the agriculture and food sector and to summarize the recommendations required to reduce and control the effect of the pandemic.},
}

@article {pmid40502935,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, K and Weng, R and Li, J and Wu, H and Tie, X and Li, H and Zhang, Y},
title = {Dual threat: Susceptibility mechanisms and treatment strategies for COVID-19 and bacterial co-infections.},
journal = {Computational and structural biotechnology journal},
volume = {27},
number = {},
pages = {2107-2122},
pmid = {40502935},
issn = {2001-0370},
abstract = {COVID-19 has rapidly spread worldwide, posing significant challenges to public health systems. This review offers an in-depth examination of the mechanisms underlying susceptibility and associated clinical features, and treatment strategies associated with bacterial co-infections in COVID-19 patients. A structured review of the literature revealed that the overall rate of bacterial co-infection among COVID-19 patients is relatively low (6.9 %). However, the rate increases significantly in severe cases (8.1 %) and reaches as high as 23.5 % among ICU patients. Common pathogens include Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Klebsiella species. These co-infections contribute to increased disease severity, complicate treatment, and elevate the risk of mortality. Meanwhile, the widespread use of antibiotics has further intensified antimicrobial resistance. In terms of clinical management, we propose the "Four Antis and Two Balances" approach, which includes antiviral therapy, anti-shock treatment, prevention of hypoxia, control of secondary infections, as well as maintaining electrolyte/acid-base balance and microecological stability. Emerging therapeutic strategies include antiviral agents, immunomodulators, artificial liver support systems, and cell-based therapies. Public health policy recommendations focus on antimicrobial stewardship programs, biomarker-guided antibiotic use, and investment in rapid diagnostic technologies. Elucidating the immunological, cellular, and molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions will be essential for advancing more targeted intervention strategies. This review provides evidence-based guidance for clinicians in the management of COVID-19 cases complicated by bacterial co-infections, and provides valuable insights for public health policy in addressing the dual challenge of COVID-19 and antimicrobial resistance.},
}

@article {pmid40501514,
year = {2025},
author = {Yacoub, A and Atalla, M and Hasnaoui, A and Ramdass, PVAK},
title = {Evans Syndrome and COVID-19 Infection or Vaccination: A Systematic Review of Case Reports.},
journal = {Journal of hematology},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {109-123},
pmid = {40501514},
issn = {1927-1220},
abstract = {Evans syndrome (ES) is an autoimmune disorder of unknown etiology characterized by autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). In this systematic review, we analyzed the reported cases of ES secondary to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection or COVID-19 vaccination. We examined their clinical presentation, temporality between events, diagnostics tests, and treatment regimens. Our search in four databases from December 2019 to September 2023 yielded 16 case reports that met eligibility criteria for inclusion. COVID-19 and ES symptoms were defined to assess the timeline between infection/vaccination and ES onset. Finally, treatment efficacy was categorized as complete, partial, or no response based on standard hematological criteria. Eleven cases of ES were associated with COVID-19 infection, and five cases of ES were associated with COVID-19 vaccination. All 16 cases presented with anemia, thrombocytopenia, and a positive Coombs test. Four of the five patients from the vaccination subset were found to have an additional autoimmune disease as a comorbidity on presentation. For cases of ES secondary to COVID-19 infection, six patients had concomitant symptoms of COVID-19 and ES on presentation, and four patients had ES symptoms occurring from 5 days to 3 weeks following COVID-19 infection. The remaining case presented a patient with a 3-week history of ES symptoms before a positive COVID-19 test and further ES workup on admission. For the five cases of ES post-COVID-19 vaccination, all five patients presented with ES with a mean presentation time of 9 days following vaccination. Regarding treatment, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) emerged as the primary regimen, administered in 13 out of the 16 cases. Among the infection-related cases, the most frequent treatment outcome was a partial response in both AIHA and ITP, observed in five of the 11 patients. In the vaccination-related cases, a partial response for AIHA and a complete response for ITP were noted in three of the five patients. Overall, while the evidence points to a temporal association especially between COVID-19 vaccination and the onset of ES, larger studies are necessary to strengthen these findings. In terms of management, early initiation of corticosteroids and IVIG appears effective as first-line therapies; however, standardized treatment protocols are needed to help reduce complications associated with COVID-19-related ES.},
}

@article {pmid40174494,
year = {2025},
author = {O'Reilly, KM and Wade, MJ and Farkas, K and Amman, F and Lison, A and Munday, JD and Bingham, J and Mthombothi, ZE and Fang, Z and Brown, CS and Kao, RR and Danon, L},
title = {Analysis insights to support the use of wastewater and environmental surveillance data for infectious diseases and pandemic preparedness.},
journal = {Epidemics},
volume = {51},
number = {},
pages = {100825},
doi = {10.1016/j.epidem.2025.100825},
pmid = {40174494},
issn = {1878-0067},
mesh = {Humans ; *Wastewater/virology/microbiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; *Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring ; Sewage/virology ; *Communicable Diseases/epidemiology ; Pandemic Preparedness ; },
abstract = {Wastewater-based epidemiology is the detection of pathogens from sewage systems and the interpretation of these data to improve public health. Its use has increased in scope since 2020, when it was demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 RNA could be successfully extracted from the wastewater of affected populations. In this Perspective we provide an overview of recent advances in pathogen detection within wastewater, propose a framework for identifying the utility of wastewater sampling for pathogen detection and suggest areas where analytics require development. Ensuring that both data collection and analysis are tailored towards key questions at different stages of an epidemic will improve the inference made. For analyses to be useful we require methods to determine the absence of infection, early detection of infection, reliably estimate epidemic trajectories and prevalence, and detect novel variants without reliance on consensus sequences. This research area has included many innovations that have improved the interpretation of collected data and we are optimistic that innovation will continue in the future.},
}

Humans
*Wastewater/virology/microbiology
*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control
SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification
Pandemics/prevention & control
*Environmental Monitoring/methods
*Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring
Sewage/virology
*Communicable Diseases/epidemiology
Pandemic Preparedness

@article {pmid40501150,
year = {2025},
author = {Atraszkiewicz, D and Shakir, T and Harrington, C and Bassett, P and Soile, B and Mukhtar, H},
title = {Preoperative anastomotic evaluation prior to ileostomy closure: A 5-year UK survey, systematic review, and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland},
volume = {27},
number = {6},
pages = {e70137},
pmid = {40501150},
issn = {1463-1318},
mesh = {Humans ; *Ileostomy/methods/adverse effects ; United Kingdom ; *Anastomosis, Surgical/methods/adverse effects ; *Preoperative Care/methods/statistics & numerical data ; *Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Adult ; Male ; Female ; Enema/statistics & numerical data ; Colorectal Surgery/statistics & numerical data ; },
abstract = {AIM: To compare current UK surgical practice against evidence-based anastomotic evaluation techniques prior to ileostomy closure.

METHODS: An online survey was distributed to UK consultant colorectal surgeons with Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland affiliation to assess preoperative investigations. Data were collected at two timepoints: 2019 and 2024. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed utilising PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase and Education Resources Information Center databases were evaluated from inception to 27 March 2024. Inclusion criteria were adult patients (≥18 years), distal colonic/pelvic anastomosis and defunctioning ileostomy reversal. ROBINS-I bias assessments were conducted. DerSimonian and Laird random-effects analyses were performed on eligible sensitivity and specificity data with forest plots generated.

PROSPERO ID: CRD42024520236.

RESULTS: The survey received 221 (41.0%) and 212 (40.7%) responses in 2019 and 2024 respectively. Pre- and post-pandemic practice was consistent. Water-soluble contrast enema (WCE) and digital rectal examination (DRE) were the most utilised, performed 'always' by 83.2% and 78.7% respectively. Thirty-seven studies (5061 patients) were included for systematic review; 12 studies (1385 patients) for meta-analysis. Studies were heterogeneous in methodology; no randomised controlled trials were identified. Endoscopy showed higher sensitivity (73.1%) compared to retrograde contrast studies (WCE and pouchography; 53.1%) in identifying anastomotic leaks. Specificity was similar: 100% and 98.0% respectively. Significant heterogeneity and a lack of eligible studies limited further interpretation. CT has a limited evidence base for anastomotic evaluation.

CONCLUSIONS: The most commonly performed anastomotic evaluation methods in the UK are WCE and DRE. Endoscopy, however, has a greater sensitivity and specificity for identifying anastomotic complications. WCE is an effective option to confirm suspected leaks. Endoscopy should be considered to evaluate anastomotic integrity prior to ileostomy closure.},
}

Humans
*Ileostomy/methods/adverse effects
United Kingdom
*Anastomosis, Surgical/methods/adverse effects
*Preoperative Care/methods/statistics & numerical data
*Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data
COVID-19/epidemiology
Adult
Male
Female
Enema/statistics & numerical data
Colorectal Surgery/statistics & numerical data

@article {pmid40500571,
year = {2025},
author = {Arévalo-Cañas, C and Arévalo-Serrano, J and de Mon-Soto, MÁ},
title = {First case of lupus induced by the Shingrix vaccine: a case report and literature review.},
journal = {Clinical rheumatology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40500571},
issn = {1434-9949},
abstract = {The recombinant zoster vaccine (Shingrix) was recently approved for the prevention of herpes zoster reactivation in adults aged ≥ 50 years. While its effectiveness has been widely demonstrated, its safety profile and potential adverse effects remain uncertain. We report the first case of lupus induced by the Shingrix vaccine. An 85-year-old woman was evaluated in the hospital due to a pleuropericarditis with pleural and pericardial effusion. Test for anti-nuclear antibody was positive at a titer of 1:640 with a homogeneous pattern, as well as for IgG anti-cardiolipin antibodies. Infectious or malignant etiologies were excluded. A diagnosis of Shingrix vaccine-induced lupus was suspected, and a short course of prednisone was initiated. The patient's symptoms resolved within the first two months, and after one year of follow-up, both the antinuclear and anti-cardiolipin IgG antibodies were negative. Although many drug categories have been associated with the development of drug-induced lupus erythematosus (DILE), it remains unclear whether vaccine-induced immune system upregulation could trigger the onset of systemic lupus. However, particularly after the introduction of the SARS-CoV2 vaccine, cases of cutaneous and systemic lupus induced by vaccines have been reported, and the serological pattern appears to be different from that observed in drug-induced lupus. Our case details a critical adverse effect observed in a patient who received the zoster vaccine. This finding is particularly relevant given the ongoing widespread vaccination campaigns and the global public health implications. Vaccine-induced lupus should be suspected following vaccination in the presence of cutaneous or systemic lupus symptoms, particularly serositis or renal involvement, when no other cause can be identified. The diagnosis is supported by positive antinuclear antibodies and other laboratory abnormalities, such as decreased complement levels or positivity for other antibodies, including antiphospholipid antibodies. Key Points • The varicella-zoster vaccine will be administered to a large percentage of the population, which could lead to an increase in adverse effects that have not yet been described. This article reports the first documented case of lupus induced by the varicella-zoster vaccine. • The diagnosis of Drug-induced lupus erythematosus (DILE) requires a low threshold of suspicion. • Clinical manifestations in DILE are usually milder, and it often presents with general symptoms, arthralgia, serositis, and hematologic abnormalities. • The autoimmune profile of vaccine-induced lupus appears to differ from that of drug-induced lupus, being characterized by a higher frequency of positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA), antiphospholipid antibodies, and hypocomplementemia, with a lower prevalence of anti-histone antibodies.},
}

@article {pmid40498907,
year = {2025},
author = {Sadigurschi, G and Kuschnir, MCC and Dos Santos, EAP and da Silva, BRA and Marques, CMC and de Andrade, RC and Vianna, CM and de Barros, DG and Mazzi, MT and Lago, EA and Dos Santos, EM and Maia, MLS},
title = {Challenges in developing new tuberculosis vaccines.},
journal = {Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz},
volume = {120},
number = {},
pages = {e240236},
pmid = {40498907},
issn = {1678-8060},
mesh = {Humans ; *Tuberculosis Vaccines/immunology ; *Vaccine Development ; *Tuberculosis/prevention & control/immunology ; BCG Vaccine/immunology ; *Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology ; },
abstract = {Tuberculosis (TB) is a preventable and curable disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In 2022, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO), TB was the second leading cause of death worldwide caused by a single infectious agent, after coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Brazil is ranked among the 30 countries with the highest TB burden. Currently, the neonatal Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only vaccine against TB and offers significant efficacy against disseminated and meningeal disease in children. However, BCG has a limited efficacy in preventing adult-type cavitary TB, reinforcing the need for a new effective vaccine against pulmonary TB. There are currently over 22 TB vaccines under evaluation in clinical trials worldwide. Despite significant advancements, several challenges persist in developing and producing an effective TB vaccine. These include understanding the immune mechanisms that confer protection against M. tuberculosis, identifying immune correlates of protection, defining immune responses in BCG-vaccinated individuals, establishing efficacy endpoints for TB vaccine trials, and ensuring vaccine safety and effectiveness in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), among other obstacles. Therefore, this study aims to explore the key obstacles in developing new TB vaccines and potential strategies to overcome them.},
}

Humans
*Tuberculosis Vaccines/immunology
*Vaccine Development
*Tuberculosis/prevention & control/immunology
BCG Vaccine/immunology
*Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology

@article {pmid40497942,
year = {2025},
author = {Webb, CE and Vautrinot, J and Hers, I},
title = {IL-6 as a Mediator of Platelet Hyper-Responsiveness.},
journal = {Cells},
volume = {14},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {40497942},
issn = {2073-4409},
support = {FS/4yPhD/F/21/34162/BHF_/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom ; SP/F/21/150023/BHF_/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom ; BB/X017176/1//Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Interleukin-6/metabolism ; *Blood Platelets/metabolism ; COVID-19 ; Signal Transduction ; Thrombopoiesis ; Animals ; Platelet Activation ; Megakaryocytes/metabolism ; Thrombosis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine with critical roles in immune regulation, inflammation, and haematopoiesis. While its functions in host defence and tissue repair are well established, accumulating evidence suggests that IL-6 also can directly and indirectly modulate megakaryocyte and platelet biology. This review examines the mechanistic basis supporting IL-6-mediated platelet hyper-responsiveness, in addition to its effect on megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis in thromboinflammatory disease states. We discuss how IL-6-mediated trans-signalling may sensitizes platelets to activation, and that this may be exclusive to glycoprotein VI (GPVI) stimulation due to Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer 2 crosstalk, in addition to other mechanisms that may contribute to priming platelets. We further highlight clinical evidence linking IL-6 to thrombotic complications in cardiovascular disease and infection (e.g., COVID-19 and sepsis). Given the emerging interest in IL-6-targeting therapies as anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic agents, a thorough understanding of how IL-6 can drive platelet responsiveness is crucial.},
}

Humans
*Interleukin-6/metabolism
*Blood Platelets/metabolism
COVID-19
Signal Transduction
Thrombopoiesis
Animals
Platelet Activation
Megakaryocytes/metabolism
Thrombosis
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40497938,
year = {2025},
author = {Batista, JC and DeAntonio, R and López-Vergès, S},
title = {Dynamics of Innate Immunity in SARS-CoV-2 Infections: Exploring the Impact of Natural Killer Cells, Inflammatory Responses, Viral Evasion Strategies, and Severity.},
journal = {Cells},
volume = {14},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {40497938},
issn = {2073-4409},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology/pathology ; *Immunity, Innate/immunology ; *Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Inflammation/immunology ; *Immune Evasion ; Severity of Illness Index ; Cytokines/metabolism/immunology ; Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has had a profound impact on global health, with nearly 800 million cases reported in the Americas alone. The clinical presentation of the disease is highly variable, with approximately half of all patients experiencing severe symptoms. This variability confounds the complex interplay between immune responses and disease severity. Severe cases are often characterized by elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines. Over 88% of COVID-19 patients have multiple comorbidities; factors such as age and pre-existing conditions further modulate immune responses and contribute to the severity of the disease. While some studies have reported differences in cytokine profiles between severity groups, larger, well-designed cohorts are needed to clarify these relationships. Natural Killer cells, which are critical for the innate immune response against SARS-CoV-2, are often impaired and contribute to immune exhaustion. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 evades innate immune defenses through accessory proteins that inhibit interferon signaling and exacerbate cytokine storms and inflammation. This integrative review aims to synthesize findings from 2020 onward and provide insights into the innate immune responses induced by SARS-CoV-2 and their contributions to disease pathogenesis. Understanding cytokine dynamics, NK cell behaviors, and viral immune evasion strategies is critical for advancing therapeutic approaches.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/immunology/virology/pathology
*Immunity, Innate/immunology
*Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Inflammation/immunology
*Immune Evasion
Severity of Illness Index
Cytokines/metabolism/immunology
Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology

@article {pmid40497110,
year = {2025},
author = {Aporosa, SA and Itoga, D and Ioane, J and Prosser, J and Vaka, S and Grout, E and Atkins, MJ and Head, MA and Baker, JD and Blue, T and Sanday, DH and Owen, MW and Murray, C and Sivanathan, K and Cuthers, TW and Mesui-Henry, A and McCarthy, MJ and Bunn, J and Waqainabete, I and Turner, H},
title = {Innovating through tradition: kava-talanoa as a culturally aligned medico-behavioral therapeutic approach to amelioration of PTSD symptoms.},
journal = {Frontiers in psychology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1460731},
pmid = {40497110},
issn = {1664-1078},
support = {R15 DA051749/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Levels of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), trauma-related distress, and subsyndromal PTSD, (here "PTS") among combat soldiers and first responders are of international concern. In the broader population, a PTS global epidemic is attending trauma associated with the threatscape of the Anthropocene (increased extreme weather events, natural disasters, conflict, rising poverty, emerging infectious disease) as well as the legacy of the COVID-19 pandemic. PTS is also a health economic burden, with costs associated with treatment, long-term morbidity, and increased risk of mortality. In the Pacific region, rising PTS is associated with the existential threat of climate change and the economic and social legacy of colonization. There is an unmet therapeutic need for improved and culturally aligned PTS therapies in the Pacific and beyond. Medical standards of care for anxiety/PTS typically involve psychotropic interventions such as benzodiazepines (BDZ), tricyclic anti-depressants and anti-psychotic medications which have addictive potential, are only effective in the short term, are contraindicated for key populations such as the elderly and have significantly problematic track records in indigenous populations. Moreover, systemic racism both drives PTS in indigenous and other marginalized populations and limits the efficacy in such populations of conventional PTS therapies which are not culturally relevant or informed. Here, we describe the development of a novel, but traditionally grounded, approach to PTSD symptomatology in the context of Pacific populations. This approach has two elements: kava is a culturally significant Pacific drink used traditionally and in cultural practice, as a relaxant, to promote dialog in group settings, to aid in sleep and to manage anxiety. Its anxiolytic and sedative properties may link to the presence of kavalactones which are putative low potency γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ligands. Talanoa is a dialog practice common to most Pacific cultures. Our core hypothesis is that, combined, kava-talanoa will outperform current standards of care in PTSD symptom management as a culturally augmented cognitive-behavioral group therapy intervention. In this paper we review supporting literature, describe kava-talanoa pilot study findings and planned clinical trials, discuss important open questions, and present recommendations for broad-based transcultural applicability of this approach to global PTS burdens.},
}

@article {pmid40496907,
year = {2024},
author = {Gotum, T and Keeratisiroj, O and Jariya, W},
title = {Prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms from online learning during the COVID-19 epidemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {F1000Research},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {790},
pmid = {40496907},
issn = {2046-1402},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Education, Distance ; Prevalence ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Musculoskeletal Pain/epidemiology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Young Adult ; *Musculoskeletal Diseases/epidemiology ; Students ; Middle Aged ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: The objective of this research was to assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in online students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed by searching the PubMed, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, CINAHL plus with full text, and Wiley InterScience databases. A total of 3,749 studies were identified between January 2020 and December 2023. The Joanna Briggs Tool for studies reporting prevalence was used to assess the quality of studies. Jamovi 2.4 was used in the meta-analysis.

RESULTS: Sixteen studies were included and used for the meta-analysis. The average age of participants was 22 years, with an age range of 17-45 years. There were 6 studies of high quality, 9 studies of medium quality and 1 study of low quality. The areas with the highest prevalence of musculoskeletal pain were the neck (51%, 95% CI = 36-66%), lower back (51%, 95% CI = 42-59%) and shoulder (36%, 95% CI = 26-47%).

CONCLUSIONS: The shift to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a potential factor influencing musculoskeletal pain in students. Educational institutions should study the duration of online learning that begins to impact student injury outcomes.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Education, Distance
Prevalence
SARS-CoV-2
*Musculoskeletal Pain/epidemiology
Adolescent
Adult
Young Adult
*Musculoskeletal Diseases/epidemiology
Students
Middle Aged

@article {pmid40496592,
year = {2025},
author = {E-Fatima, J and Khan, FI and Lai, D},
title = {Exploring serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1: A promising target for COVID-19 and atrial fibrillation treatment.},
journal = {Heart rhythm O2},
volume = {6},
number = {5},
pages = {720-732},
pmid = {40496592},
issn = {2666-5018},
abstract = {Serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) is a serine/threonine kinase that is involved in various cellular pathways, such as ion transport, cell survival, proliferation, and immune responses. Dysregulation of this enzyme is increasingly being associated with the progression of 2 prominent types of diseases, namely viral infections, such as COVID-19, and cardiovascular disorders, such as atrial fibrillation (AF), positioning it as a potential therapeutic target. With regard to coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), SGK1 detrimentally affects inflammatory pathways and modulates the cytokine storm, leading to lung tissue damage. Considering this dysregulation, researchers are exploring SGK1 inhibition as a potential strategy for mitigating severe COVID-19 outcomes. SGK1 also regulates pumps and ion channels, significantly affecting cardiac performance in AF. This protein is responsible for promoting fibrosis and inflammation in the cardiac tissue, making it a potential target for reducing atrial fibrillation. SGK1 inhibition offers a new avenue for therapeutic targets against both COVID-19 and AF. This review is aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of SGK1 dysregulation in both diseases, underscoring the urgent need for more preclinical and clinical trials to evaluate effective SGK1 inhibitors for patients with coexisting COVID-19 and AF.},
}

@article {pmid40496528,
year = {2024},
author = {Akbari, B and Wang, JM and Baghaei-Yazdi, N and Lahooti, H and Sherman, JH},
title = {Systems Thinking, Causal Loop Diagram, and Systems Dynamic in Public Health Challenges: Navigating Long COVID Syndrome and Sense of Smell in LGBTQIA+ Communities.},
journal = {Public health challenges},
volume = {3},
number = {3},
pages = {e70004},
pmid = {40496528},
issn = {2769-2450},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The coronavirus pandemic has profoundly affected global health, economic stability, and environmental sustainability. Despite these challenges, significant gaps in data remain, particularly in effectively assessing and engaging diverse communities such as color, LGBTQIA+ individuals, and low-income groups. This shortage of comprehensive research limits our capacity to undertake sensitive studies, specifically in dealing with the complexities of long COVID, which some individuals continue to suffer from after their initial recovery.

OBJECTIVE: This review delves into the ongoing repercussions of long-term COVID-19, a postinfectious syndrome marked by neurological symptoms such as cognitive deficits and sensory impairments, which may last well beyond the acute phase of the illness. These symptoms frequently overlap with mental health issues (e.g., anxiety and depression), which can aggravate the socioeconomic challenges faced by vulnerable populations, especially within the LGBTQA+ communities.

METHODS: To tackle these complex interactions, we have introduced a novel public health framework: model-based systems thinking (MBST), which incorporates System Dynamics and causal loop diagrams (CLD).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The articles were selected on the basis of their discussion of COVID-19-associated anosmia, exploration of olfactory dysfunction alongside neurocognitive disorders, and the challenges experienced in LGBQA+ communities. This approach offers a robust framework for dissecting the intricate ties between socioeconomic factors, health outcomes, and the extended recovery trajectories associated with long-term COVID-19, with a particular focus on olfactory dysfunction. We also explore strategies to make our models more accessible to healthcare providers and the LGBTQA+ communities, encouraging its broader adoption.

CONCLUSION: Long COVID's impact on public health and marginalized communities highlights the urgent need for adopting systems thinking models. Additionally, this article calls for a concerted effort from all experts to foster multidisciplinary, team-based research and implement effective support measures for COVID-19 survivors across all communities, mainly focusing on the scientific, social, and behavioral challenges LGBTQIA+ and low-income individuals face.},
}

@article {pmid39884292,
year = {2025},
author = {Napolitano, A and Spiezia, L and Biolo, M and Radu, CM and Toffanin, S and Campello, E and Simioni, P},
title = {Anti-platelet Factor 4 Antibody-Mediated Disorders: An Updated Narrative Review.},
journal = {Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis},
volume = {51},
number = {5},
pages = {578-593},
doi = {10.1055/a-2528-5425},
pmid = {39884292},
issn = {1098-9064},
mesh = {Humans ; *Platelet Factor 4/immunology ; Heparin/adverse effects/immunology ; *Thrombocytopenia/immunology/chemically induced/therapy ; *Autoantibodies/immunology/blood ; Thrombosis/immunology ; COVID-19/immunology ; },
abstract = {Anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4) antibody-mediated disorders are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by the presence of highly pathogenic immunoglobulins G directed against PF4 and/or PF4/heparin complexes. These antibodies are able to activate platelets, neutrophils, and monocytes, thus resulting in thrombocytopenia and a hypercoagulable state. Five different forms of anti-PF4 antibody-mediated disorders have been identified: (1) classic heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) mediated by heparin and certain polyanionic drugs; (2) autoimmune HIT characterized by the presence of anti-PFA/polyanion antibodies that can strongly activate platelets even in the absence of heparin; (3) spontaneous HIT characterized by thrombocytopenia and thrombosis without proximate exposure to heparin, with two subtypes: (a) post-total knee arthroplasty and cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and (b) postinfections; (4) vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) characterized by thrombocytopenia, arterial and venous thrombosis, or secondary hemorrhage after receiving adenoviral vector vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019; (5) VITT-like disorders triggered by adenoviral infections. Although extremely rare and largely unknown, there has been growing interest in the VITT syndrome in recent years due to its clinical relevance. Timely detection of these antibodies is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of anti-PF4 antibody-mediated disorders, via anti-PF4 antibody immunoassays using several antibody capture systems (e.g., enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based, particle gel, turbidimetry) and functional assays (e.g., serotonin release assay or heparin-induced platelet activation). We aimed to present the latest on laboratory findings, clinical characteristics, and therapeutic approaches for anti-PF4 antibody-mediated disorders.},
}

Humans
*Platelet Factor 4/immunology
Heparin/adverse effects/immunology
*Thrombocytopenia/immunology/chemically induced/therapy
*Autoantibodies/immunology/blood
Thrombosis/immunology
COVID-19/immunology

@article {pmid39868761,
year = {2025},
author = {Duffy, EW and Poole, MK and Gonzalez, D and Petimar, J and Kinsey, EW and Shafer, PR and Baldwin-SoRelle, C and Austin, AE},
title = {Beyond Food Assistance: A Scoping Review Examining Associations of Nonfood Social Safety Net Programs in the United States With Food Insecurity and Nutrition Outcomes.},
journal = {Nutrition reviews},
volume = {83},
number = {7},
pages = {1344-1357},
doi = {10.1093/nutrit/nuae216},
pmid = {39868761},
issn = {1753-4887},
support = {//Cancer Health Disparities Training/ ; //Robert Wood Johnson Foundation/ ; T32 HL098048/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; /NH/NIH HHS/United States ; T32CA128582/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; //Healthy Eating Research/ ; /CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; //T32 Cancer Health Disparities Training/ ; /CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; T32CA128582/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; 5T32HL098048-14//T32 training grant in cardiovascular epidemiology/ ; /HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; /NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {*Food Insecurity ; Humans ; United States ; *Food Assistance/statistics & numerical data ; *Food Supply ; *Nutritional Status ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Poverty ; *Safety-net Providers ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To conduct a scoping review to summarize the state of the evidence on associations between participation in nonfood social safety net programs (eg, income assistance, housing assistance) in the United States and food- and nutrition insecurity-related outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Food and nutrition insecurity are persistent public health challenges in the United States that increase chronic disease risk and exacerbate health disparities. Several food assistance programs enhance food and nutrition security. Nonfood social safety net programs, however, may also improve these outcomes by relieving households' financial strain. Understanding the scope of research on nonfood social safety net programs' associations with not only food insecurity but also nutrition insecurity is needed to understand their potential to reduce the burden of diet-related chronic disease.

METHODS: Six databases were systematically searched for peer-reviewed articles. Articles were included if they were published between 1995 and 2023; conducted in the United States; available in English; included a dependent variable of food- and/or nutrition insecurity-related measures; and included an independent variable of participation in a federally funded, nonfood social safety net program.

RESULTS: Included articles (n = 65) reported on studies that examined 10 unique social safety net programs; 8 studies examined program interactions. Twenty studies focused on COVID-19 pandemic-era programs. Fifty-eight studies used food insecurity, food insufficiency, or food hardship as outcomes, and 11 studies used nutrition insecurity-related outcomes. Overall, results suggest that participation in nonfood social safety net programs is associated with reductions in food insecurity. Current evidence for an association between program participation and nutrition insecurity-related outcomes is limited.

CONCLUSION: Further research is warranted on the association between nonfood social safety net programs and nutrition insecurity; potential interactions between social safety net programs; associations between the expiration of pandemic-era programs and food and nutrition insecurity; and how program impacts might differ among populations with persistent disparities in food and nutrition insecurity.},
}

*Food Insecurity
Humans
United States
*Food Assistance/statistics & numerical data
*Food Supply
*Nutritional Status
COVID-19/epidemiology
Poverty
*Safety-net Providers

@article {pmid39527016,
year = {2025},
author = {Qin, M and Xu, K and Chen, Z and Wen, X and Tang, Y and Gao, Y and Zhang, H and Ma, X},
title = {Effects of Vitamin C Supplements on Clinical Outcomes and Hospitalization Duration for Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Nutrition reviews},
volume = {83},
number = {7},
pages = {e1406-e1420},
doi = {10.1093/nutrit/nuae154},
pmid = {39527016},
issn = {1753-4887},
support = {2022NSFSC1587//Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province/ ; 202026//Project for Excellent Talents in Xihua University/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Ascorbic Acid/therapeutic use/administration & dosage ; *Dietary Supplements ; *COVID-19/mortality/therapy ; *Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data ; *Vitamins/therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {CONTEXT: Vitamin C has been used as an essential antioxidant to reduce the inflammatory response associated with pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), but its effect on clinical outcomes remains controversial and inconclusive.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis and systematic review to assess the effects of vitamin C supplementation on the severity of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients.

DATA SOURCES: Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, CNKI, CSTJ, Wan fang, and CBM databases were searched for publications between January 2020 and December 2023 that met the inclusion criteria.

DATA EXTRACTION: The meta-analyses of outcomes in more than one study were performed using Review Manager software. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 statistic. A randomized controlled trial, cohort studies, and retrospective studies in which vitamin C supplementation was supplemented as monotherapy or in combination, compared with placebo, no treatment, or other standard treatment without vitamin C were included.

DATA ANALYSIS: After screening, 22 studies, with a total of 3429 patients, were selected for assessment. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were calculated using fixed- and random-effects models. The meta-analysis showed significant effects of vitamin C on alleviating clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.65-0.89, P = .0007) but no shortening of the length of hospitalization (MD = 1.16, 95% CI = -0.13-2.44, P = .08) compared with the control group. Notably, vitamin C supplements significantly reduced the mortality risk (OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.51-0.80, P = .0001) and the incidence of severity (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.43-0.80, P = .0006) in COVID-19 patients.

CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that vitamin C supplements may have a beneficial effect on clinical outcomes, as well as reducing severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients, but more clinical randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate the role of vitamin C in treating COVID-19.

PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023491517.},
}

Humans
*Ascorbic Acid/therapeutic use/administration & dosage
*Dietary Supplements
*COVID-19/mortality/therapy
*Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data
SARS-CoV-2
*COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data
*Vitamins/therapeutic use
Treatment Outcome

@article {pmid39449666,
year = {2025},
author = {Alcalá-Santiago, Á and Rodriguez-Barranco, M and Sánchez, MJ and Gil, Á and García-Villanova, B and Molina-Montes, E},
title = {Micronutrients, Vitamin D, and Inflammatory Biomarkers in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Causal Inference Studies.},
journal = {Nutrition reviews},
volume = {83},
number = {7},
pages = {e1383-e1405},
doi = {10.1093/nutrit/nuae152},
pmid = {39449666},
issn = {1753-4887},
support = {//European Regional Development Fund/ ; //Con-sejería de Salud y Consumo de la Junta de Andalucía/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/blood ; *Micronutrients/blood ; Biomarkers/blood ; *Vitamin D/blood ; *Inflammation/blood ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Mendelian Randomization Analysis ; },
abstract = {CONTEXT: Experimental and observational studies suggest that circulating micronutrients, including vitamin D (VD), may increase COVID-19 risk and its associated outcomes. Mendelian randomization (MR) studies provide valuable insight into the causal relationship between an exposure and disease outcomes.

OBJECTIVES: The aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of causal inference studies that apply MR approaches to assess the role of these micronutrients, particularly VD, in COVID-19 risk, infection severity, and related inflammatory markers.

DATA SOURCES: Searches (up to July 2023) were conducted in 4 databases.

DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS: The quality of the studies was evaluated based on the MR-STROBE guidelines. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted where possible.

RESULTS: There were 28 studies (2 overlapped) including 12 on micronutrients (8 on VD) and COVID-19, 4 on micronutrients (all on VD) and inflammation, and 12 on inflammatory markers and COVID-19. Some of these studies reported significant causal associations between VD or other micronutrients (vitamin C, vitamin B6, iron, zinc, copper, selenium, and magnesium) and COVID-19 outcomes. Associations in terms of causality were also nonsignificant with regard to inflammation-related markers, except for VD levels below 25 nmol/L and C-reactive protein (CRP). Some studies reported causal associations between cytokines, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and other inflammatory markers and COVID-19. Pooled MR estimates showed that VD was not significantly associated with COVID-19 outcomes, whereas ACE2 increased COVID-19 risk (MR odds ratio = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.01-1.19) but did not affect hospitalization or severity of the disease. The methodological quality of the studies was high in 13 studies, despite the majority (n = 24) utilizing 2-sample MR and evaluated pleiotropy.

CONCLUSION: MR studies exhibited diversity in their approaches but do not support a causal link between VD/micronutrients and COVID-19 outcomes. Whether inflammation mediates the VD-COVID-19 relationship remains uncertain, and highlights the need to address this aspect in future MR studies exploring micronutrient associations with COVID-19 outcomes.

PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022328224.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/blood
*Micronutrients/blood
Biomarkers/blood
*Vitamin D/blood
*Inflammation/blood
SARS-CoV-2
Mendelian Randomization Analysis

@article {pmid40496948,
year = {2023},
author = {Amzat, J and Kanmodi, KK and Egbedina, EA},
title = {Infoveillance and bibliometric analysis of COVID-19 in Nigeria.},
journal = {Public health challenges},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {e77},
pmid = {40496948},
issn = {2769-2450},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Infectious diseases often come with enormous fear because of their ability to spark and spread. The same for COVID-19, which WHO declared a pandemic in February 2020 after a record spread in multiple countries. The global world of information and social media plays a major role in the pandemic. Hence, this study aims to analyse the patterns of internet search and research interests on COVID-19 in Nigeria.

METHODS: This is an infoveillance and bibliometric research about COVID-19 in Nigeria using systemic search through Google Trends to obtain COVID-19 information prevalence and research incidence through bibliometric analysis using SCOPUS database. The data obtained were analysed using the Microsoft Excel 2021 software. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, mean, range and mode) were used for the summarisation of the data. The findings were presented using texts, tables, charts and maps.

RESULTS: The information search spike started 1 week before the first index case. Search volume index inequalities were observed across the country, with the northern Nigeria having a higher search volume for COVID-19. This study also uncovered several top search terms, including "COVID-19," "COVID loan" and "vaccine," and queries, including "COVID-19 Nigeria," "COVID loan" and "COVID-19 in Nigeria," among others, which showed critical infodemiologic concerns in Nigeria. The interests of Nigerian researchers concerning COVID-19 cut across various disciplines. The top three subject areas with the most significant volume of these publications were Medicine, Social Sciences and Biochemistry. This study found extensive research collaboration with over 150 countries coupled with external funding.

CONCLUSION: As internet search spikes reflect population health concerns and information-wish, understanding the infodemic patterns and search terms will influence mass media regulators and health authorities to be vigilant and tackle the spread of misinformation. Nigeria's research resilience depicts great potential, hence, a call for improved local funding for research and development.},
}

@article {pmid40496945,
year = {2023},
author = {Salthammer, T and Moriske, HJ},
title = {Airborne infections related to virus aerosol contamination at indoor cultural venues: Recommendations on how to minimize.},
journal = {Public health challenges},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {e59},
pmid = {40496945},
issn = {2769-2450},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in many live events being canceled or held without spectator participation. As a result, a series of investigations were carried out and strategies developed to determine the requirements under which cultural activities can be maintained. This work summarizes published studies and provides recommendations for performing cultural events under pandemic conditions.

METHODS: The available literature search was evaluated in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The results were combined with findings, guidelines, and regulations for conducting courses in other indoor environments under pandemic conditions, for example, school classrooms. Recommendations were derived, the consideration of which can enable the continuation of cultural events.

RESULTS: The published studies can only take into account the previous conditions of the pandemic situation with the known virus mutations. However, the number of experimental investigations including analytical and medical proof of infections, surveys, and simulations is comparatively small. This is due to the complexity of the events as well as the priority and urgency of the school issue. Cultural events take place under very different conditions. It is therefore practically impossible to predict the risk of infection for a specific situation with many potential virus spreaders attending or to derive general rules that go beyond the known measures of vaccination, testing, masks, and distance.

CONCLUSION: Cultural events can be held under pandemic conditions provided certain requirements are met. Most study results agree on this. Any recommendations on hygiene, safety, and ventilation measures in cultural facilities under pandemic conditions can reduce the risk of infection but cannot completely eliminate it. It is also of considerable importance that visitors protect themselves individually and act responsibly.},
}

@article {pmid40496119,
year = {2025},
author = {Kunjavara, J and George, RJ and L, MK and Sam, ST and Mannethodi, K},
title = {Unbreakable in Crisis: A Systematic Review Exploring Nurse Resilience and Contributing Factors During the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Public health challenges},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {e70015},
pmid = {40496119},
issn = {2769-2450},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) placed an unprecedented burden on the global healthcare system, severely affecting the physical and mental health of healthcare workers, particularly nurses. Nurses faced immense workloads, increased infection risks, uncertainty, and public scrutiny. Despite these challenges, nurses were lauded for their dedication and resilience in confronting the pandemic. Many experienced mortality, morbidity, and post-COVID sequelae. This review integrates psychological resilience literature from 2020 to 2022, utilizing Whittemore and Knafl's integrative review method. A total of 22 studies met the inclusion criteria, focusing on how nurses demonstrated resilience during the COVID-19 crisis. Most studies reported a moderate level of resilience, with a mean score of 62.54. Factors such as positive acceptance of change, trust in personal judgment, perceived competence, and spiritual influences were positively associated with resilience, whereas burnout, anxiety, and depressive thoughts negatively impacted it. Resilience was found to mediate the relationships between variables like perceived stress, emotional exhaustion, and quality of life. The literature suggests that healthcare administrations should foster a healthy work environment, maintain an optimistic outlook, and establish strong connections with frontline staff to mitigate the pandemic's impact. Providing supportive environments, resilience training, and mental health interventions will be crucial in enhancing resilience for future crises.},
}

@article {pmid40495805,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, Y},
title = {Is SARS-CoV-2 facing constraints in its adaptive evolution?.},
journal = {Biomolecules & biomedicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.17305/bb.2025.12537},
pmid = {40495805},
issn = {2831-090X},
abstract = {The ultimate measure of viral fitness is the ability to maintain high prevalence within its host species. Effective transmission, efficient replication, and rapid immune evasion all contribute to this outcome. Over the past five years, SARS-CoV-2 has successfully adapted to humans, establishing long-term reservoirs and enabling sustained coexistence with the human population. We have observed innovative, synergistic mutations in the spike (S) protein that enhance receptor binding. Adaptation to the upper respiratory tract has shortened the incubation period, thereby facilitating viral spread. These improvements have also enabled immune escape mutations, even when such changes compromise replicative fitness. Adaptive mutations have driven intermittent selective sweeps by dominant variants. However, there are limits to functional enhancement. The receptor binding affinity of the S protein appears to have peaked between 2022 and 2023. The accumulation of fixed mutations plateaued following the emergence of BA.2.86/JN.1 around late 2023 and early 2024. Purifying selection has been the dominant evolutionary force acting on nonsynonymous mutations in the Omicron lineage, and the overall fitness impact of missense mutations in key viral proteins has declined. Additionally, due to weak selection pressure on synonymous mutations, the codon adaptation index in humans has been decreasing among Omicron subvariants. As a result, Omicron lineages have replicated less efficiently in cell cultures compared to the original virus, and recent variants show further attenuation in animal models. In the human population, this attenuation is reflected in declining COVID-19-related mortality, despite persistently high infection rates.},
}

@article {pmid40495641,
year = {2025},
author = {Stoevesandt, J and Schmalzing, M and Mohme, S and Goebeler, M},
title = {Vaccination in dermatology 2025: Update considering current recommendations of the German Standing Committee on Vaccination.},
journal = {Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/ddg.15785},
pmid = {40495641},
issn = {1610-0387},
abstract = {The immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory treatment of dermatological patients necessitates the regular review and updating of standard vaccinations and vaccines indicated for specific conditions. The German Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) at the Robert Koch Institute regularly publishes evidence-based vaccination recommendations, which are adapted to the current epidemiological situation and availability of vaccines. Since 2020, several changes have been made that are relevant for patients with dermato(onco)logical diseases: (1) COVID-19 was defined as a new viral disease and several vaccines have been introduced; (2) in response to the global Mpox outbreak in 2022, a non-replicating live vaccine based on the modified Ankara vaccinia virus, which was approved in 2013 for the prevention of smallpox, was given an indication extension; (3) a new inactivated high-dose vaccine was approved for influenza vaccination of persons aged 60 years and older; (4) a new 20-valent conjugate vaccine is available for pneumococcal vaccination; (5) two recombinant vaccines against the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were recently approved. This article discusses the correspondingly adapted STIKO recommendations for adults, with particular emphasis on their implementation in immunocompromised patients in dermatology.},
}

@article {pmid40493066,
year = {2025},
author = {Chryssofos, S and Jeong, D and Yaeger, L and Badran, S},
title = {Surgical Care in the Era of Mpox Clade I: A Review and Call for Preparedness.},
journal = {The American surgeon},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {31348251351001},
doi = {10.1177/00031348251351001},
pmid = {40493066},
issn = {1555-9823},
abstract = {The Mpox virus, formerly known as Monkeypox, was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in July 2022 due to its rapid global spread. By 2024, the more virulent and fatal Clade Ib variant had reached the United States. While Mpox typically presents with a self-limited rash, severe manifestations requiring surgical intervention have become increasingly prevalent, necessitating heightened awareness and preparedness among surgeons.This narrative review, specifically targeting surgeons, provides a comprehensive summary of the current data on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, perioperative considerations, and surgical management of Mpox-related conditions. It outlines essential hospital protocols and perioperative precautions to mitigate nosocomial spread, drawing useful parallels with measures established for COVID-19. It also addresses Mpox-related surgical pathologies, including colorectal abscesses, cutaneous scarring, facial lesions, and ocular complications, detailing management strategies for each.Our findings emphasize the need for rigorous infection control measures, early recognition of surgical indications, and interdisciplinary coordination to optimize patient outcomes, especially since Mpox is most readily transmitted among immunocompromised individuals, such as those who have undergone solid organ transplants. The virus primarily spreads through sexual transmission and contact with infected skin lesions, necessitating standardized hospital protocols to minimize its spread, particularly in operating rooms. Colorectal manifestations often require surgical drainage, with colostomy being necessary in severe cases, while ophthalmic manifestations demand prompt and aggressive management to preserve vision. Airway management and anesthetic planning are also critical considerations in cases involving oropharyngeal Mpox lesions.This review highlights the urgent need for ongoing documentation and research to refine surgical management protocols for Mpox, enhancing preparedness for future outbreaks. The complexity and severity of Mpox-related surgical pathologies underscore the necessity for further studies to refine management strategies, develop innovative treatments, and improve patient outcomes. Future research should aim to deepen our understanding of Mpox pathophysiology and optimize protocols to ensure safe and effective care for affected patients. This is essential in an era marked by the threat of emerging infectious diseases and the lessons learned from recent global health crises.},
}

@article {pmid40492581,
year = {2025},
author = {Vlaming-van Eijk, LE and Tang, G and Bourgonje, AR and den Dunnen, WF and Hillebrands, JL and van Goor, H},
title = {Post-COVID-19 condition: clinical phenotypes, pathophysiological mechanisms, pathology, and management strategies.},
journal = {The Journal of pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/path.6443},
pmid = {40492581},
issn = {1096-9896},
abstract = {Post-COVID-19 condition (PCC), also known as long COVID, is a complex multiple organ system condition that can develop and persist for months after acute COVID-19. PCC encompasses a wide range of symptoms, resulting in heterogeneous clinical manifestations. These manifestations likely arise from diverse underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, which, in turn, are influenced by risk factors such as age, sex, and comorbidities. To this end, characterising clinical phenotypes of PCC is essential for deepening our understanding of its (potentially) distinct pathophysiological mechanisms and for advancing diagnostic and patient-tailored management strategies. PCC is thought to result from a complex interaction of various pathophysiological mechanisms, leading to functional and structural pathological alterations across multiple organ systems. Investigating these alterations is critical to improving our currently incomplete understanding of PCC's complex pathophysiology. This review provides an overview of the main clinical phenotypes of PCC, characterises these phenotypes by examining symptoms and signs, as well as the associated risk factors. The main hypothesised pathophysiological mechanisms are discussed by outlining the current knowledge on PCC pathology, focussing on the most commonly affected organ systems. Current PCC management includes supportive care such as physiotherapy and the repurposing of existing drugs primarily targeting persistence of SARS-CoV-2 (e.g. antivirals, monoclonal antibodies) and immune dysfunction (e.g. antiinflammatory drugs, immunomodulators). To date, prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection remains critical, which can be achieved through effective public health measures and vaccination strategies. Finally, this review highlights current knowledge gaps and proposes future research directions to advance the understanding and treatment of PCC. © 2025 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.},
}

@article {pmid40491997,
year = {2025},
author = {Rosa, RJ and Andrade, RLP and Perticarrara Ferezin, L and de Campos, MCT and Moura, HSD and Berra, TZ and Ribeiro, NM and Teibo, TKA and Vinci, ALT and Mendes Delpino, F and Torres, MÁF and Arcêncio, RA},
title = {Risk perception of severity or death from COVID-19: a systematic review of the factors associated.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {1543629},
pmid = {40491997},
issn = {2296-2565},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/mortality/psychology ; Severity of Illness Index ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Female ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Health risk perception and factors associated with the severity or death from COVID-19 were key elements that influenced individuals' protective behaviors during the pandemic. Understanding these perceptions is crucial for public health guidelines that encourage preventive measures and improve an outbreak response strategy. Thus, this systematic review aimed to identify factors associated with the perception of risk of severity or death from COVID-19.

METHODS: A systematic review was conducted with an article search performed in March 2024 across five databases, utilizing both controlled and free vocabulary. Studies published from 2020 onward were included. Two reviewers independently selected articles, with disagreements resolved by a third reviewer. The data were extracted using a structured form, and the findings were synthesized narratively. The studies included in the review underwent a methodological quality assessment using tools proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute.

RESULTS: Nineteen articles were included in the review. Among the factors most frequently associated with the perception of severe illness or death from COVID-19 were advanced age, female gender, personal experience or witnessing of adverse COVID-19 outcomes, the presence of chronic non-communicable diseases, and lower educational attainment.

CONCLUSION: The study highlights that the perception of risk for COVID-19 severity or death varied according to age, gender, and prior experiences with the disease. Such findings can guide healthcare practices and contribute to the formulation of public policies, strengthening responses to future public health crises.

identifier CRD42024444734, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024444734.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/mortality/psychology
Severity of Illness Index
SARS-CoV-2
Female
Male
Risk Factors
Sex Factors

@article {pmid40491910,
year = {2025},
author = {Song, J and Wang, Y and Xie, Z and Wei, J and Wang, J},
title = {Review of the mechanism of infection induced cerebral small vessel disease.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1594891},
pmid = {40491910},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases/etiology/virology/immunology/pathology ; *COVID-19/complications/immunology/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Zika Virus Infection/complications/immunology ; HIV Infections/complications/immunology ; Hepatitis C/complications/immunology ; Zika Virus ; },
abstract = {Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) refers to a group of pathological syndromes that affect the brain's microcirculation. These conditions involve damage to small arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and small veins. Cerebrovascular risk factors, immunosenescence, and inflammatory responses contribute to the pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease. The global impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has drawn significant attention to chronic inflammation caused by infections. Research into the mechanisms by which infections induce CSVD has made continual advancements. It is imperative to reassess the importance of managing infections and the chronic inflammatory phase that follows, highlighting their critical role in the pathogenesis. Our focus encompasses SARS-CoV-2, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), Zika Virus(ZIKV), Treponema pallidum, as well as the microbial communities within the gut and oral cavity. These pathogen infections and chronic inflammation can contribute to CSVD through mechanisms such as neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, microthrombosis, and endothelial cell damage, thereby promoting the occurrence and progression of the disease. This highlights the need for detailed mechanistic research on CSVD associated with these pathogens. Furthermore, we hope that in the future, we will be able to devise targeted prevention and treatment strategies for CSVD based on the unique characteristics of the pathogenic mechanisms associated with various infections.},
}

Humans
*Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases/etiology/virology/immunology/pathology
*COVID-19/complications/immunology/virology
*SARS-CoV-2
Animals
Blood-Brain Barrier
Zika Virus Infection/complications/immunology
HIV Infections/complications/immunology
Hepatitis C/complications/immunology
Zika Virus

@article {pmid40491760,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, L and Wu, L and Chen, Y and Deng, R and Hu, Y and Tu, Y and Fang, B},
title = {Clinical management of sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome: current evidence and future directions.},
journal = {Frontiers in medicine},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1531275},
pmid = {40491760},
issn = {2296-858X},
abstract = {Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by organ dysfunction resulting from a dysregulated host response to infection. The lungs are among the first and most significantly affected organs in sepsis. Pulmonary infections or systemic inflammatory cascades triggered by various pathogens can lead to acute and diffuse pulmonary damage, often manifesting as persistent hypoxemia. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted critical knowledge gaps in SA-ARDS management, necessitating paradigm reevaluation under the new global definition of ARDS. This paper analyzes the pathomechanisms and subphenotype characteristics of SA-ARDS, reviews recent advances in clinical management, such as fluid resuscitation, antimicrobial therapy, immune modulation, respiratory support, microcirculatory improvement, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapies, and addresses controversial issues and areas requiring further investigation.},
}

@article {pmid40491607,
year = {2025},
author = {Schapira, K and Govind, A and Lakhi, N},
title = {The Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic on Postgraduate Training in Obstetrics and Gynaecology: A Global Perspective.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {5},
pages = {e83783},
pmid = {40491607},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {This paper reviews survey studies to assess the global impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on obstetrics and gynaecology (O&G) training from the perspectives of trainees and programme directors (PDs). An electronic literature review of the PubMed database was conducted from March 2020 to December 2024 for topics pertaining to the COVID-19 pandemic and trainee education to identify pertinent validated and non-validated survey studies. Ten studies were identified that analysed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on postgraduate training in O&G. All 10 studies utilised non-validated questionnaires. Two studies (total respondents: N=182) assessed the viewpoint of O&G PDs, and eight studies (total respondents: N=1416) solicited the perspectives of postgraduate trainees (PGTs) in O&G. Countries represented include Brazil, the European Union (EU) (encompassing 25 different countries), Germany, India, Italy, Sweden, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The themes identified were as follows: (1) trainee reassignment, (2) restructuring of didactic and research activities, and (3) loss of clinical training opportunities within the specialty and its impact on trainees' mental health. Understanding this impact is key to enable better planning in similar pandemics in the future. The review suggests that there were both positive and negative impacts of the pandemic that may forever shape trainee education.},
}

@article {pmid40491355,
year = {2025},
author = {Gentry, MT and Beito, AH and Hilty, DM},
title = {Telehealth Competencies to Ensure Health Care Access, Quality, and Equity for Older Adults: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1089/tmj.2025.0080},
pmid = {40491355},
issn = {1556-3669},
abstract = {Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, increased use of telehealth expanded access to health care for older adults. Many clinicians and health systems adjusted workflows and realized that certain competencies are needed to fully engage older adults in telehealth services. This scoping review evaluates the approaches needed to educate clinicians about providing telehealth services to older adults. Methods: We conducted a review of studies published from January 2000 through February 2024 by using the 6-stage scoping review process. Searches of PubMed/MEDLINE and five other databases included the concept areas of competencies, telehealth delivery of mental health services, and older adults. Results: We initially identified 813 articles, of which 89 were eligible for full-text review and 15 met our inclusion criteria. Most studies included training participants about the use of telehealth but without formal curricular interventions or evaluations and lacked details about topics, materials, methods, or outcomes. Telehealth training was general and focused primarily on the use of technology and telepresence, although not specifically for older adults. Three themes were identified from the studies: the role of teams and interprofessional education, the importance of training for clinicians and older patients, and adaptations to improve telehealth delivery for older adults. Conclusions: Individual and institutional competencies are needed to guide educational goals and outcome measures related to telehealth services for older adults. The use of telehealth specifically for older adults may require adaptation to clinical practice and delivery, adjustments to workflow, development of clinician skills, and promotion of interprofessional teamwork.},
}

@article {pmid40491233,
year = {2025},
author = {Ito, Y and Takazono, T and Namie, H and Tashiro, M and Kakeya, H and Miyazaki, Y and Mukae, H and Mikamo, H and Fukuda, T and Shibuya, K and Izumikawa, K},
title = {Incidence of Coronavirus Disease 2019-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis and Specialist Involvement in Its Diagnosis in Japan: A Nationwide Survey and Literature Review.},
journal = {Mycoses},
volume = {68},
number = {6},
pages = {e70077},
doi = {10.1111/myc.70077},
pmid = {40491233},
issn = {1439-0507},
support = {//Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare (MHLW) Research on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases and Immunization/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology/diagnosis ; Japan/epidemiology ; Incidence ; *Pulmonary Aspergillosis/epidemiology/diagnosis ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Galactose/analogs & derivatives ; Mannans/analysis ; Pulmonologists/statistics & numerical data ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) has been reported worldwide. However, studies in Japan are limited, and no study has evaluated the relationship between the incidence of CAPA and specialist involvement in its diagnosis.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to obtain new epidemiological data on CAPA in Japan and evaluate the relationship between the incidence of CAPA and specialist involvement in its diagnosis.

METHODS: A survey was conducted among chief physicians at 760 training hospitals with at least 100 beds and accredited by the Japanese Respiratory Society or the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases. Critical patients with COVID-19 diagnosed with CAPA between 1 January 2020 and 31 August 2023 were analysed. A literature review was conducted to evaluate the correlations between the incidence of CAPA and galactomannan (GM) testing and positivity rates.

RESULTS: Responses were obtained from 221 of the 760 hospitals (29.1%). The incidence of CAPA was 0.67% (69/10,276). Hospitals with patients with CAPA had significantly more pulmonologists and infectious disease specialists than those without patients with CAPA. A strong positive correlation was observed between the incidence of CAPA and the number of pulmonologists per critical patient with COVID-19 (r = 0.824, p < 0.001). The literature review showed that bronchoalveolar lavage fluid GM testing rate was a strong positive correlation with the incidence of CAPA (r = 0.527, p = 0.014).

CONCLUSIONS: For the diagnosis of CAPA, its recognition by specialists primarily involved in managing critical patients with COVID-19 seems essential.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications/epidemiology/diagnosis
Japan/epidemiology
Incidence
*Pulmonary Aspergillosis/epidemiology/diagnosis
Surveys and Questionnaires
SARS-CoV-2
Galactose/analogs & derivatives
Mannans/analysis
Pulmonologists/statistics & numerical data

@article {pmid40491090,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, S and Zhang, S and Liu, J},
title = {Resurgence of pertussis: Epidemiological trends, contributing factors, challenges, and recommendations for vaccination and surveillance.},
journal = {Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {2513729},
pmid = {40491090},
issn = {2164-554X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Whooping Cough/epidemiology/prevention & control ; *Pertussis Vaccine/administration & dosage/immunology ; *Vaccination ; Bordetella pertussis/immunology/genetics ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Global Health ; Immunization Programs ; Epidemiological Monitoring ; Incidence ; Infant ; World Health Organization ; },
abstract = {Pertussis, a respiratory disease caused by Bordetella pertussis, remains a global health challenge despite decades of vaccination. The inclusion of diphtheria, tetanus, and whole-cell pertussis (DTwP) vaccines in the World Health Organization (WHO) Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in 1974 significantly reduced incidence worldwide. However, since the 1980s, pertussis resurgence has been observed in both high-income and low- and middle-income nations. The COVID-19 pandemic further disrupted vaccination, exacerbating outbreaks. Contributing factors include genetic mutations in Bordetella pertussis, vaccine differences, waning immunity, inadequate immunization, disease cyclicity, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, coupled with improved surveillance, diagnostics, and awareness. Pertussis continues to impose a substantial disease burden, with infants being the most vulnerable. This review examines pertussis epidemiology from 1980 to 2023, analyzing resurgence drivers and evaluating current progress and persistent challenges in vaccination strategies and surveillance efforts.},
}

Humans
*Whooping Cough/epidemiology/prevention & control
*Pertussis Vaccine/administration & dosage/immunology
*Vaccination
Bordetella pertussis/immunology/genetics
*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control
Global Health
Immunization Programs
Epidemiological Monitoring
Incidence
Infant
World Health Organization

@article {pmid40490654,
year = {2025},
author = {Tao, Y and Yang, Y and Luo, B and Lian, D and Weng, J and Li, F and Yan, J and Chen, Y},
title = {Did Economic Evaluations on Pharmaceuticals and Vaccination for COVID-19 Maintain Adequate Reporting Quality? A Systematic Review and Quantitative Analysis.},
journal = {Journal of evidence-based medicine},
volume = {18},
number = {2},
pages = {e70040},
doi = {10.1111/jebm.70040},
pmid = {40490654},
issn = {1756-5391},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/economics ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/economics ; *Cost-Benefit Analysis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Vaccination/economics ; },
abstract = {AIM: This study seeks to assess the reporting quality of published health economic evaluations (HEEs) on vaccination and pharmaceuticals for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), and identify potential predictors associated with reporting quality.

METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, INAHTA, and Chinese databases (e.g., SinoMed, CNKI, and WANGFANG Database). HEEs published between January 1, 2020, and August 20, 2022, that considered both costs and outcomes of vaccination and pharmaceuticals for COVID-19 were included. The Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards 2022 (CHEERS 2022) statement scored the reporting quality for incorporated studies. A linear regression analysis was employed to characterize the impact of various features on reporting quality.

RESULTS: Fifty-two studies were included in the analysis. The average CHEERS score was 18.54±3.41, with the scoring rate of reporting quality was 67% (±12%). The most inadequately reported items included health economic analysis plan, time horizon, valuation of outcomes, heterogeneity, uncertainty, distributional effects, and stakeholder involvement. Higher reporting compliance was associated with articles applying a longer time horizon (no less than 1 year) and those using a societal perspective (p < 0.05). The investigations that did not specify a study perspective received the lowest scores among the subgroups.

CONCLUSION: Overall, the included HEEs on vaccination and pharmaceuticals for COVID-19 had moderate reporting quality. Future HEEs should be transparently and sufficiently reported in accordance with standard guidelines (e.g., the CHEERS 2022 statement), to increase the interpretability of results, improve the reporting quality, and better inform the decision-making.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/prevention & control/economics
*COVID-19 Vaccines/economics
*Cost-Benefit Analysis
SARS-CoV-2
*COVID-19 Drug Treatment
*Vaccination/economics

@article {pmid40490389,
year = {2025},
author = {Jeong, YI and Lee, HY and Lee, S and Jeong, GY and Kim, SH and Kim, S and Seo, SH and Shin, NR},
title = {Korea's National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance: Focusing on the Appropriate Use of Antibiotics.},
journal = {Infection & chemotherapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3947/ic.2025.0028},
pmid = {40490389},
issn = {2093-2340},
abstract = {Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is recognized as one of the top ten global public health threats. Since the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, there has been a notable increase in global concern regarding AMR, leading to a strong call for a government-led response to address this issue. Since 2016, the Korean government has established and implemented a robust social foundation for managing AMR. This foundation encompasses several elements: enhancing the medical environment for infection prevention, providing support for the antimicrobial stewardship program in healthcare organizations, strengthening cooperation among multidisciplinary policy ministries, requiring veterinarians to prescribe antimicrobials in non-human fields, and enhancing food safety management in livestock and aquatic products. However, as the threat of AMR has intensified during the ongoing pandemic, the necessity for implementing a National Action Plan becomes even more critical. Therefore, the Third National Action Plan 2026-2030 is crucial to take into account several critical factors: raising awareness of AMR, strengthening of antimicrobial stewardship, halting the spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, strengthening surveillance of antimicrobial use and AMR rates, strengthening internal and external collaborative efforts to combat AMR, and the final factor to consider is to enhance further antimicrobial development and diagnostic technologies to better manage and prevent AMR.},
}

@article {pmid40489852,
year = {2025},
author = {Obeagu, EI and Bolo, B},
title = {Climate change and medical laboratory operations: Impacts, challenges, and adaptation strategies: A narrative review.},
journal = {Medicine},
volume = {104},
number = {23},
pages = {e42718},
pmid = {40489852},
issn = {1536-5964},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Laboratories, Clinical/organization & administration ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Climate change is increasingly disrupting medical laboratory operations worldwide, affecting diagnostic accuracy, infrastructure integrity, and supply chain stability. Hurricane Maria in 2017 devastated Puerto Rico, a major hub for medical supply manufacturing, leading to critical shortages of blood bags and reagents in U.S. hospitals. Rising global temperatures have also challenged the stability of temperature-sensitive reagents and biological samples, with studies indicating that a mere 2°C increase in ambient temperature can significantly reduce enzyme activity in diagnostic assays. Laboratories, particularly in low-resource settings, are struggling to maintain optimal storage conditions, raising concerns about the reliability of test results in disease diagnosis and monitoring. Extreme weather events and shifting disease patterns further compound these challenges. Flooding in South Asia has repeatedly disrupted microbiology laboratories, causing waterborne pathogen contamination and delays in infectious disease testing. In Sub-Saharan Africa, rising temperatures have expanded the range of malaria-carrying mosquitoes, increasing the demand for diagnostic services beyond the capacity of many laboratories. Supply chain disruptions due to climate-related disasters have led to prolonged shortages of essential testing materials, as seen during the COVID-19 pandemic when heatwaves affected the production and transportation of medical reagents. These disruptions highlight the urgent need for climate-adaptive strategies to ensure laboratory resilience and continuity in healthcare services. To mitigate these impacts, laboratories must adopt sustainable infrastructure and operational practices. Key recommendations include transitioning to solar-powered refrigeration to prevent sample degradation during power outages, investing in climate-resilient laboratory buildings, and enhancing digital diagnostic capabilities to reduce reliance on physical sample transportation.},
}

*Climate Change
Humans
COVID-19/epidemiology
*Laboratories, Clinical/organization & administration
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40489594,
year = {2025},
author = {Lucas Molitor, W and Feldhacker, DR and Li, Z and Kuhl, N and Jewell, VD},
title = {Occupational Therapy Telehealth Interventions Across Populations From 2019 to 2022: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association},
volume = {79},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.5014/ajot.2025.050939},
pmid = {40489594},
issn = {0272-9490},
mesh = {Humans ; *Occupational Therapy/methods/trends ; *Telemedicine ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Chronic Disease/rehabilitation ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {IMPORTANCE: The utilization of telehealth to deliver occupational therapy services and research focusing on the effectiveness of these interventions has increased since 2020.

OBJECTIVE: To update systematic review findings since 2019 on the effectiveness of occupational therapy telehealth interventions for clients of all ages.

DATA SOURCES: Data were gathered from PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and hand searching relevant literature.

This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Articles selected included telehealth-delivered occupational therapy, peer-reviewed publications in English between 2019 and 2022, and Levels 1b, 2b, or 3b evidence.

FINDINGS: Forty-three studies were included. Strong strength of evidence supports telehealth interventions for lifestyle interventions to address chronic conditions. Moderate strength of evidence supports telehealth interventions for various outcomes to address chronic conditions, developmental disorders, neurological conditions, and people affected by COVID-19 isolation. Low strength of evidence supports telehealth interventions for various outcomes across identified subthemes.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Telehealth use is rapidly increasing. Evidence supports occupational therapy-delivered telehealth for clients experiencing a chronic or musculoskeletal condition and may support interventions for other populations. Plain-Language Summary: This study provides a summary of 43 articles on the effectiveness of occupational therapy telehealth interventions for all ages and populations from 2019 to 2022. Telehealth occupational therapy interventions can effectively support clients with chronic conditions and shows promise for promoting outcomes to address developmental disorders, neurological conditions, musculoskeletal conditions, and those who were affected by isolation during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.},
}

Humans
*Occupational Therapy/methods/trends
*Telemedicine
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Chronic Disease/rehabilitation
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40381561,
year = {2025},
author = {Mohan, A and Dummi Mahadevan, G and Anand Iyer, V and Mukherjee, TK and Haribhai Patel, V and Kumar, R and Siddiqui, N and Nayak, M and Maurya, PK and Kumar, P},
title = {Dietary flavonoids in health and diseases: A concise review of their role in homeostasis and therapeutics.},
journal = {Food chemistry},
volume = {487},
number = {},
pages = {144674},
doi = {10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144674},
pmid = {40381561},
issn = {1873-7072},
mesh = {Humans ; *Flavonoids/metabolism/chemistry/administration & dosage ; Animals ; Homeostasis/drug effects ; Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy/metabolism ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Diet ; },
abstract = {Over the past few decades, extensive research has delved into the health advantages of flavonoids, exploring their physiological effects through cell-based assays, epidemiological studies, and human intervention trials. The regular intake of plant-derived flavonoids has shown therapeutic potential against noncommunicable pathophysiological conditions, including carcinoma and various inflammatory disorders. Among the myriads of flavonoids, many have been shown to inhibit the aggregation of amyloid-beta peptides in Alzheimer's disease, while anthocyanins exhibit cardioprotective effects by improving endothelial function and lowering blood pressure. In addition, their efficacy is known to manage infectious communicable diseases caused by various bacteria and viruses, such as S. pneumoniae and SARS-CoV-2. Currently, flavonoids are being used to develop new drugs for both communicable and noncommunicable diseases because of their intricate metabolism and bioavailability, leveraging their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This concise review provides insights into the potential of flavonoids for therapeutics and disease management, particularly with respect to cardiovascular health, neuroprotection, and antimicrobial action. The implications of these findings underscore the necessity for further exploration of flavonoid-rich diets and their incorporation into therapeutic practices to harness their full health benefits.},
}

Humans
*Flavonoids/metabolism/chemistry/administration & dosage
Animals
Homeostasis/drug effects
Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy/metabolism
Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Diet

@article {pmid40047234,
year = {2025},
author = {Kern, JA and Kaufman, EJ},
title = {Firearm injury: pushing forward.},
journal = {Current opinion in critical care},
volume = {31},
number = {3},
pages = {244-251},
doi = {10.1097/MCC.0000000000001262},
pmid = {40047234},
issn = {1531-7072},
mesh = {Humans ; *Wounds, Gunshot/epidemiology/prevention & control ; *Firearms/statistics & numerical data ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Public Health ; *Violence/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data ; United States/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recognition of firearm injury as a public health challenge increasingly garners mainstream acceptance, accompanied by increased federal funding for firearm research and federal coordination for firearm injury prevention and response. This review summarizes recent developments relevant to firearm injury epidemiology, prevention, and outcomes.

RECENT FINDINGS: Interpersonal firearm violence reached a 30-year peak during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the last 2 years have indicated some improvement. Here, we offer updates regarding firearm injury epidemiology, including disparities according to race, ethnicity, age, sex, and geography. This review summarizes recent literature on risk and protective factors for firearm injury, including aspects related to existing or emerging public policy. New data on the long-term costs and outcomes of firearm injury show pervasive effects, while studies on violence intervention programming, mental health interventions, and coordinated care for survivors of injury offer the potential to improve patient recovery. Lastly, enhanced firearm data infrastructure may yield higher quality research and enable more effective prevention and recovery interventions.

SUMMARY: Recent findings underscore the multifactorial contributors to the far-reaching public health challenge of firearm injury. Clinicians, researchers, and policy makers must appreciate both the acute and long-term broad consequences of this epidemic to develop, deploy, and evaluate effective interventions to reduce firearm injury harm.},
}

Humans
*Wounds, Gunshot/epidemiology/prevention & control
*Firearms/statistics & numerical data
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Risk Factors
Public Health
*Violence/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data
United States/epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid39976222,
year = {2025},
author = {Francovich, JE and Katira, BH and Jonkman, AH},
title = {Electrical impedance tomography to set positive end-expiratory pressure.},
journal = {Current opinion in critical care},
volume = {31},
number = {3},
pages = {319-327},
pmid = {39976222},
issn = {1531-7072},
mesh = {*Positive-Pressure Respiration/methods ; Humans ; *Electric Impedance ; *Tomography/methods ; *Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy/physiopathology/diagnostic imaging ; *COVID-19/therapy/physiopathology ; Respiratory Mechanics/physiology ; Animals ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To summarize the rationale and concepts for positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) setting with electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and the effects of EIT-based PEEP setting on cardiopulmonary function.

RECENT FINDINGS: EIT allows patient-specific and regional assessment of PEEP effects on recruitability and overdistension, including its impact on ventilation-perfusion (V̇/Q) mismatch. The overdistension and collapse (OD-CL) method is the most used EIT-based approach for PEEP setting. In the RECRUIT study of 108 COVID-19 ARDS patients, the PEEP level corresponding to the OD-CL crossing point showed low overdistension and collapse (below 10% and 5%, respectively) regardless of recruitability. In a porcine model of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), it was shown that at this crossing point, respiratory mechanics (compliance, Δ P) were consistent, with adequate preload, lower right ventricular afterload, normal cardiac output, and sufficient gas exchange. A recent meta-analysis found that EIT based PEEP setting improved lung mechanics and potentially outcomes in ARDS patients. EIT thus provides critical insights beyond respiratory mechanics and oxygenation for individualized PEEP optimization. EIT-based methods for PEEP setting during assisted ventilation have also been proposed.

SUMMARY: EIT is a valuable technique to guide individualized PEEP setting utilizing cardiopulmonary information that is not captured by respiratory mechanics and oxygenation response alone.},
}

*Positive-Pressure Respiration/methods
Humans
*Electric Impedance
*Tomography/methods
*Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy/physiopathology/diagnostic imaging
*COVID-19/therapy/physiopathology
Respiratory Mechanics/physiology
Animals
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40488927,
year = {2025},
author = {Keam, SJ},
title = {Sipavibart: First Approval.},
journal = {Drugs},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40488927},
issn = {1179-1950},
abstract = {Sipavibart (KAVIGALE[®]), a recombinant human immunoglobulin (Ig)G1-based antibody, is being developed by AstraZeneca for the pre-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19 in immunocompromised individuals. Sipavibart was approved in December 2024 in Japan to prevent the onset of infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 in adults and adolescents aged ≥ 12 years weighing ≥ 40 kg where vaccination against infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 is not recommended or may not achieve a sufficient immune response. Sipavibart was also approved in the EU for the pre-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19 in adults and adolescents aged ≥ 12 years weighing ≥ 40 kg who are immunocompromised due to a medical condition or receipt of immunosuppressive treatments in January 2025 and in Canada in March 2025. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of sipavibart leading to this first approval for the pre-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19 in immunocompromised adults and adolescents.},
}

@article {pmid40488888,
year = {2025},
author = {Ahmed, A and Cahn, B and Haber, R},
title = {Wells syndrome: emerging triggers and treatments- an updated systematic review.},
journal = {Archives of dermatological research},
volume = {317},
number = {1},
pages = {805},
pmid = {40488888},
issn = {1432-069X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Eosinophilia/diagnosis/etiology/therapy/immunology/drug therapy ; *Cellulitis/etiology/diagnosis/immunology/therapy/drug therapy ; *COVID-19/complications/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use ; Nitriles ; Pyrazoles ; Pyrimidines ; },
abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Wells syndrome (eosinophilic cellulitis) is a rare inflammatory dermatosis characterized by erythematous, edematous plaques and dermal eosinophilic infiltration. Understanding its evolving triggers and treatment options is critical for optimizing management, particularly in corticosteroid-refractory cases.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review newly reported immunologic and iatrogenic triggers of Wells syndrome, as well as emerging therapies, with the goal of updating clinical guidance. This review focuses on diagnosis and therapy, emphasizing outcomes in patients with refractory or relapsing disease.

EVIDENCE REVIEW: A systematic literature search was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines across six databases for English-language studies published between January 2016 and May 2025. Studies were eligible if they described new triggers or treatments for Wells syndrome. Article selection and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute and Newcastle-Ottawa tools.

FINDINGS: Twenty-four studies met inclusion criteria: 21 case reports, 2 case series, and 1 retrospective cohort study. Newly identified triggers included COVID-19 infection, SARS-CoV-2 and influenza vaccines, aluminum- and gelatin-containing pediatric vaccines, and biologic therapies such as ustekinumab and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors. In vaccine-related cases, causality was supported by positive patch testing. Novel therapies trialed in corticosteroid-refractory or relapsing patients included dupilumab, topical ruxolitinib, abrocitinib, and mepolizumab. Most patients experienced complete or near-complete resolution. However, recurrences were common, particularly in idiopathic cases or upon re-exposure to known triggers.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Recent literature expands the clinical spectrum of Wells syndrome, highlighting new immunologic and iatrogenic triggers. Targeted treatments, especially biologics and Janus kinase inhibitors, demonstrate promising results and may offer steroid-sparing alternatives for patients with refractory disease. Clinicians should consider emerging triggers in differential diagnosis and evaluate newer therapies in recurrent or treatment-resistant cases. Further prospective and registry-based studies are warranted to validate efficacy and support development of evidence-based management guidelines.},
}

Humans
*Eosinophilia/diagnosis/etiology/therapy/immunology/drug therapy
*Cellulitis/etiology/diagnosis/immunology/therapy/drug therapy
*COVID-19/complications/immunology
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use
Nitriles
Pyrazoles
Pyrimidines

@article {pmid40488703,
year = {2025},
author = {Crump, J and Jackson, D and Algoso, M and Peters, K},
title = {Deployment of Perioperative Nurses From Their Clinical Specialty During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Integrative Review.},
journal = {Journal of advanced nursing},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jan.17106},
pmid = {40488703},
issn = {1365-2648},
abstract = {AIM: To identify the available records surrounding the deployment of perioperative nurses into differing clinical settings during the COVID-19 pandemic.

DESIGN: Integrative review methodology.

METHODS: Quality appraisal of each record was conducted using a modified Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist. Data were extracted and presented based on outlined research objectives.

DATA SOURCES: Six electronic databases (CINAHL Plus, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched, with relevant peer-reviewed records published after 2019 until February 2025 included to differentiate from other respiratory pandemics.

RESULTS: Ten records were included in the review. Opposing discourse exists between perioperative decision makers and those perioperative nurses who underwent deployment to differing clinical areas surrounding perceptions and experiences of deployment during the COVID-19 pandemic.

CONCLUSION: Few studies exist exploring experiences of perioperative nurse deployment to a different clinical area during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research is vital to develop strategies that enhance the deployment process and ensure effective patient care across various clinical settings when cared for by deployed perioperative nurses.

Further research exploring transferable perioperative nursing skills and its subsequent influence on safe patient care may enhance and inform nurse deployment practices, enriching future staffing protocols in the event of a future pandemic.

REPORTING METHOD: PRISMA guidelines for reporting systematic reviews guided this review.

This study did not include patient or public involvement in its design, conduct, or reporting.},
}

@article {pmid40487789,
year = {2025},
author = {Ahmed, SK and Ahmed, DR and Ibrahim, RH and Hussein, S and Blbas, HTA and Mahmood, KA and Qurbani, K and Saber, AF and Abdalla, AQ},
title = {Widespread Mental Health Impacts of COVID-19 on Iraq's General Population: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {SAGE open nursing},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {23779608251347847},
pmid = {40487789},
issn = {2377-9608},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Mental health has emerged as a critical public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this review was to analyze and summarize existing literature on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of the general population in Iraq.

METHODS: The systematic reviews were conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO with the unique identifier CRD42023423291. Searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus,Medline, and Google Scholar in May 2023 for studies published from January 2020 to January 2023. The researchers used the Joanna Briggs Institute to evaluate the quality of the studies. Data from all the included research in this review were collected and synthesized.

RESULTS: This review included data from 11 high-quality studies conducted in Iraq, involving a total of 8,917 participants. Of these participants, 4,860 (54.5%) were female and 4,057 (45.5%) were male. The aim of these studies was to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on mental health. The systematic review yielded important findings regarding the prevalence rates of anxiety, stress, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These rates were estimated to be 54.89%, 48.15%, 49.57%, and 31.35% respectively. It is worth noting that various demographic groups in Iraq exhibited elevated levels of stress, anxiety, depression, and PTSD, highlighting the significant burden experienced by individuals. These findings emphasize the wide-ranging effects on different segments of the population, including college students and individuals with a history of COVID-19 infection.

CONCLUSION: This review highlights the substantial impact of COVID-19 on mental health in Iraq, noting increased levels of stress, anxiety, depression, and PTSD among various groups. The findings consistently showed a significant mental health burden on Iraqis, urging healthcare authorities and policymakers to implement targeted interventions to address these challenges promptly.},
}

@article {pmid40487254,
year = {2025},
author = {Salehi, M and Salmanton-García, J and Abdollahi, A and Albaji, M and Davoudi-Monfared, E and Siami, Z and Mohammadi, S and Khodavaisy, S and Nazemi, P},
title = {The Value of the Galactomannan Test in Diagnosing COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis: A Review.},
journal = {Iranian journal of pathology},
volume = {20},
number = {2},
pages = {142-151},
pmid = {40487254},
issn = {1735-5303},
abstract = {COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is a complication of COVID-19. Galactomannan (GM) is a non-invasive test used to diagnose invasive aspergillosis. We collected the existing studies on the diagnostic value of GM to determine a GM level for predicting CAPA. All articles on the value of GM in CAPA diagnosis published until November 2023 were reviewed. The main databases were searched using the following keywords: "aspergillus", "aspergillosis", "SARS-CoV-2", "COVID", "2019 ncovnCOV", "novel coronavirus", "COVID-19", "galactomannan", and "CAPA". Studies with reported levels of serum or BAL GM were included. Patients were classified into two groups: non-confirmed and proven aspergillosis. Finally, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine a GM level to predict the likelihood of CAPA. A total of 26 articles were selected, of which 239 patients were included. A count of 123 patients (50%) were in the non-confirmed group and 124 (50%) patients were proven. The median serum GM was 0.51 in the non-confirmed group and 0.47 in the proven group (p= 0.73). The level of GM in BAL fluid was 0.10 in the non-confirmed and 2.80 in the proven group, which was statistically different (p<0.001). With 81.3 % sensitivity and 79.5% specificity, the BAL GM cut-off was 1.01 ODI. The results showed that BAL GM ≥1.01 can be used to predict CAPA. Serum GM did not show any predictive value in diagnosing CAPA. However, BAL GM level can be a reliable diagnostic test in patients with CAPA.},
}

@article {pmid40486850,
year = {2025},
author = {Gu, X and Zheng, M and Gao, Y and Lin, S and Zhang, X and Chen, C and Zhu, H and Sun, W and Zhang, Y},
title = {Overview of host-directed antiviral targets for future research and drug development.},
journal = {Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {1723-1751},
pmid = {40486850},
issn = {2211-3835},
abstract = {Viruses constitute a significant group of pathogens that have caused numerous fatalities and substantial economic losses in recent years, particularly with the emergence of coronaviruses. While the impact of SARS-CoV-2 appears to be diminishing in daily life, only a limited number of drugs have received approval or emergency use authorization for its treatment. Given the high mutation rate of viral genomes, host-directed agents (HDAs) have emerged as a preferred choice due to their broad applicability and lasting effectiveness. In contrast to direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), HDAs offer several advantages, including broad-spectrum antiviral activities, potential efficacy against future emerging viruses, and a lower likelihood of inducing drug resistance. In our review article, we have synthesized known host-directed antiviral targets that span diverse cellular pathways and mechanisms, shedding light on the intricate interplay between host cells and viruses. Additionally, we have provided a brief overview of the development of HDAs based on these targets. We aim for this comprehensive analysis to offer valuable perspectives and insights that can guide future antiviral research and drug development efforts.},
}

@article {pmid40393269,
year = {2025},
author = {Struhal, W and Almamoori, D},
title = {A review of the sequelae of post Covid-19 with neurological implications (post-viral syndrome).},
journal = {Journal of the neurological sciences},
volume = {474},
number = {},
pages = {123532},
doi = {10.1016/j.jns.2025.123532},
pmid = {40393269},
issn = {1878-5883},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; *Nervous System Diseases/etiology/epidemiology ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Post Covid-19 conditions represent a medical challenge; a unified definition is not achieved after 5 years of the Pandemic. The incidence of Post Covid-19 conditions varies, nevertheless the neurological complications represent an important aspect in the spectrums of fields involved. The current perception is that varied manifestations and long-term complications of COVID-19 reflect underlying pathophysiological processes, including inflammatory, immune-mediated, and vascular mechanisms. These mechanisms underscore the complexity of COVID-19's impact including the nervous system and its potential for lasting effects. A number of symptoms are extremely severe and may also need neurologic attention including fatigue, cognitive disturbances, autonomic symptoms, headache, and sleep disorders. Post Covid-19 conditions are often of chronic nature. Management as in other chronic conditions should rely on the conventional diagnostic measures and management of symptoms irrespective of the temporal relation to the viral infection. To date Post Covid-19 conditions is only accepted as an additional or explanatory diagnosis.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications
*Nervous System Diseases/etiology/epidemiology
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid39889734,
year = {2025},
author = {Kwon, E and Blank, G and Starkey, S and Chapman, C and Lategan, C and Shulha, H and Kitchin, V and Silverberg, S and Sauvé, L and Sadarangani, M},
title = {Child Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Throughout the Pandemic: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.},
journal = {The Pediatric infectious disease journal},
volume = {44},
number = {7},
pages = {696-706},
doi = {10.1097/INF.0000000000004733},
pmid = {39889734},
issn = {1532-0987},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/transmission/epidemiology ; Child ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Child, Preschool ; Adolescent ; Pandemics ; Infant ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: This systematic review sought to characterize child-to-child and child-to-adult transmission of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

METHODS: A systematic review was conducted from April 1, 2021, to December 15, 2023, to estimate secondary attack rates (SARs) and secondary infections per index case (case rate) from index cases up to age 20 years. SAR and case rate were analyzed based on age, setting, country and variant prevalence. Meta-analysis was conducted on the SAR data.

RESULTS: Eighty-six studies were included, representing 33,674 index cases. The total pooled SAR was 0.11 (95% CI: 0.07-0.16); 0.05 (95% CI: 0.03-0.10) for child-to-child transmission and 0.15 (95% CI: 0.07-0.30) for child-to-adult transmission. Pooled SAR in households was 0.28 (95% CI: 0.24-0.34) and was 0.02 (95% CI: 0.01-0.04) in schools.

CONCLUSIONS: The role of children in SARS-CoV-2 transmission is small, particularly in schools. This work can help inform policies that effectively reduce transmission while minimizing adverse effects on children.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/transmission/epidemiology
Child
*SARS-CoV-2
Child, Preschool
Adolescent
Pandemics
Infant
Young Adult

@article {pmid40486513,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, LZ and Cai, Q and Zheng, PF},
title = {Mitochondrial metabolic rescue in post-COVID-19 syndrome: MR spectroscopy insights and precision nutritional therapeutics.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1597370},
pmid = {40486513},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/metabolism/complications/diet therapy ; *Mitochondria/metabolism ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods ; Precision Medicine ; *Nutrition Therapy/methods ; Energy Metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Ubiquinone/analogs & derivatives ; },
abstract = {Post-COVID-19 Condition (PCC), impacting 30-90% of survivors, is characterized by persistent fatigue and metabolic dysfunction, often linked to underlying mitochondrial impairment. This review examines current evidence on mitochondrial-targeted nutrition therapies, with a focus on magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) as a tool for assessing metabolic recovery. Key findings highlight reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, heightened oxidative stress, and disrupted mitochondrial biogenesis- metabolic abnormalities that closely mirror those seen in chronic fatigue syndromes. While mitochondrial dysfunction is recognized as central, debate continues on whether systemic inflammation or direct viral damage primarily drives these abnormalities. Current evidence supports nutrients, such as, CoQ10, NAC, and creatine for restoring energy metabolism and reducing oxidative stress. MRS biomarkers (τPCr, Qmax), offer valuable tools for monitoring personalized intervention. However, several limitations persist, including variability in nutritional protocols, inconsistencies in MRS methodologies, and limited consideration of microbiome-psychosocial interactions. Most clinical trials focus on short-term outcomes, lacking data on long-term efficacy or stratification based on mitochondrial dysfunction severity. Future research priorities include multi-omics investigations into mitochondrial-epigenetic interactions, the development of targeted antioxidants, and exploration of engineered microbial metabolites. Standardizing MRS protocols, validating composite endpoints, and optimizing nutrient delivery systems require interdisciplinary collaboration. This review advocates for a precision medicine approach, combining MRS-based metabolic profiling with personalized nutritional strategies, to address the multifactorial nature of PCC and advance clinical translation.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/metabolism/complications/diet therapy
*Mitochondria/metabolism
*SARS-CoV-2
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods
Precision Medicine
*Nutrition Therapy/methods
Energy Metabolism
Oxidative Stress
Ubiquinone/analogs & derivatives