@article {pmid31756834,
year = {2019},
author = {Jia, Y and Kennard, MJ and Liu, Y and Sui, X and Chen, Y and Li, K and Wang, G and Chen, Y},
title = {Understanding invasion success of Pseudorasbora parva in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: Insights from life-history and environmental filters.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {694},
number = {},
pages = {133739},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133739},
pmid = {31756834},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {Animals ; *Cyprinidae ; Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring ; *Introduced Species ; Tibet ; },
abstract = {Understanding mechanisms of fish invasion success is crucial to controlling existing invasions and preventing potential future spread. Despite considerable advances in explaining successful fish invasions, little is known about how non-native fish successfully invade alpine freshwater ecosystems. Here, we explore the role of fish life history and environmental factors in contributing to invasion success of Pseudorasbora parva on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. We compared life history trait differences between native populations in lowland China with introduced populations in lowland Europe and the high elevation Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyse life-history trait variation across elevation gradients. A random forest model was developed to identify the key environmental filters influencing P. parva invasion success. Life history characteristics differed substantially between native and introduced populations. Compared with native Chinese populations, introduced populations in lowland Europe had smaller body size, higher fecundity, smaller oocytes and earlier maturation. Introduced populations in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau had smaller body size, lower fecundity, smaller oocytes and later maturation compared with native populations. 1-Year-Length and fecundity in all age classes of females significantly increased with increasing elevation. 2-Year-Length and 3-Year-Length of male significantly increased while maximal longevity and length at first maturity were significantly decreased with the elevation gradient. Habitat type, annual mean temperature, elevation, annual precipitation and precipitation seasonality, were the 5 most important predictors for the occurrence of the P. parva. Our study indicates that invasive P. parva adopt different life history strategies on the plateau compared with invasive populations at low elevations, highlighting that more studies are required for a better understanding of biological invasion under extreme conditions. Considering the ongoing hydrologic alteration and climate change, our study also highlighted that P. parva may expand their distribution range in the future on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.},
}

Animals
*Cyprinidae
Ecosystem
Environmental Monitoring
*Introduced Species
Tibet

@article {pmid31945186,
year = {2020},
author = {DeVore, JL and Shine, R and Ducatez, S},
title = {Urbanization and translocation disrupt the relationship between host density and parasite abundance.},
journal = {The Journal of animal ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1365-2656.13175},
pmid = {31945186},
issn = {1365-2656},
abstract = {The species interactions that structure natural communities are increasingly disrupted by radical habitat change resulting from the widespread processes of urbanization and species translocations. Although many species are disadvantaged by these changes, others thrive in these new environments, achieving densities that exceed those in natural habitats. Often the same species that benefit from urbanization are successful invaders in introduced habitats, suggesting that similar processes promote these species in both environments. Both processes may especially benefit certain species by modifying their interactions with harmful parasites ("enemy release"). To detect such modifications, we first need to identify the mechanisms underlying host-parasite associations in natural populations, then test whether they are disrupted in cities and introduced habitats. We studied the interaction between the cane toad (Rhinella marina), a globally invasive species native to South America, and its Amblyomma ticks. Our field study of 642 cane toads across 46 sites within their native range in French Guiana revealed that 56% of toads carried ticks, and that toads with ticks were in poor body condition relative to uninfected conspecifics. Across natural and disturbed habitats tick prevalence and abundance increased with toad density, but this association was disrupted in the urban environment, where tick abundance remained low even where toad densities were high, and prevalence decreased with density. Reductions in the abundance of ticks in urban habitats may be attributable to pesticides (which are sprayed for mosquito control, but are also lethal to ticks), and our literature review shows that tick abundance is generally lower in cane toads from urban habitats across South America. In the invasive range, ticks were either absent (in 1,960 toads from Puerto Rico, Hawai'i, Japan, and Australia) or less abundant (in Florida and the Caribbean; literature review). The positive relationship between host density and parasite abundance is thought to be a key mechanism through which parasites regulate host populations; anthropogenic processes that disrupt this relationship may allow populations in urban and introduced habitats to persist at densities that would otherwise lead to severe impacts from parasites.},
}

@article {pmid31940348,
year = {2020},
author = {Siljamo, P and Ashbrook, K and Comont, RF and Skjøth, CA},
title = {Do atmospheric events explain the arrival of an invasive ladybird (Harmonia axyridis) in the UK?.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {e0219335},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0219335},
pmid = {31940348},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {Species introduced outside their natural range threaten global biodiversity and despite greater awareness of invasive species risks at ports and airports, control measures in place only concern anthropogenic routes of dispersal. Here, we use the Harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis, an invasive species which first established in the UK from continental Europe in 2004, to test whether records from 2004 and 2005 were associated with atmospheric events. We used the atmospheric- chemistry transport model SILAM to model the movement of this species from known distributions in continental Europe and tested whether the predicted atmospheric events were associated with the frequency of ladybird records in the UK. We show that the distribution of this species in the early years of its arrival does not provide substantial evidence for a purely anthropogenic introduction and show instead that atmospheric events can better explain this arrival event. Our results suggest that air flows which may assist dispersal over the English Channel are relatively frequent; ranging from once a week from Belgium and the Netherlands to 1-2 times a week from France over our study period. Given the frequency of these events, we demonstrate that atmospheric-assisted dispersal is a viable route for flying species to cross natural barriers.},
}

@article {pmid31938485,
year = {2019},
author = {Rohal, CB and Cranney, C and Hazelton, ELG and Kettenring, KM},
title = {Invasive Phragmites australis management outcomes and native plant recovery are context dependent.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {9},
number = {24},
pages = {13835-13849},
pmid = {31938485},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {The outcomes of invasive plant removal efforts are influenced by management decisions, but are also contingent on the uncontrolled spatial and temporal context of management areas. Phragmites australis is an aggressive invader that is intensively managed in wetlands across North America. Treatment options have been understudied, and the ecological contingencies of management outcomes are poorly understood. We implemented a 5-year, multi-site experiment to evaluate six Phragmites management treatments that varied timing (summer or fall) and types of herbicide (glyphosate or imazapyr) along with mowing, plus a nonherbicide solarization treatment. We evaluated treatments for their influence on Phragmites and native plant cover and Phragmites inflorescence production. We assessed plant community trajectories and outcomes in the context of environmental factors. The summer mow, fall glyphosate spray treatment resulted in low Phragmites cover, high inflorescence reduction, and provided the best conditions for native plant recruitment. However, returning plant communities did not resemble reference sites, which were dominated by ecologically important perennial graminoids. Native plant recovery following initial Phragmites treatments was likely limited by the dense litter that resulted from mowing. After 5 years, Phragmites mortality and native plant recovery were highly variable across sites as driven by hydrology. Plots with higher soil moisture had greater reduction in Phragmites cover and more robust recruitment of natives compared with low moisture plots. This moisture effect may limit management options in semiarid regions vulnerable to water scarcity. We demonstrate the importance of replicating invasive species management experiments across sites so the contingencies of successes and failures can be better understood.},
}

@article {pmid31938472,
year = {2019},
author = {Pornon, A and Baksay, S and Escaravage, N and Burrus, M and Andalo, C},
title = {Pollinator specialization increases with a decrease in a mass-flowering plant in networks inferred from DNA metabarcoding.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {9},
number = {24},
pages = {13650-13662},
doi = {10.1002/ece3.5531},
pmid = {31938472},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {How native mass-flowering plants affect the specialization of insects at individual and species levels and the consequences for pollination networks have received much less attention than for mass-flowering crops or alien species and basically remain unexplored.Using existing DNA metabarcoding data on the pollen loads of 402 flower-visiting insects, we assessed the effects of a native mass-flowering plant of high reward quality, the shrub Rhododendron ferrugineum, on pollination networks by investigating: (a) the food niches of individual pollinators and pollinator species and (b) the structure of individual and species networks in subalpine heathland patches with extremely contrasted densities of R. ferrugineum.Relative to its high abundance in high-density patches, the shrub was greatly underrepresented and did not dominate individual's or species' generalized networks, rather individual and species specialization increased with a decrease in R. ferrugineum density. Furthermore, individuals of the more generalist dipteran Empididae species tended to extend exclusive interactions with rare plant species in low-density networks. The same trend was observed in the more specialist Apidea but toward rare species in high-density networks. Our results reveal a quite paradoxical view of pollination and a functional complementarity within networks. Niche and network indices mostly based on the occurrence of links showed that individual pollinators and pollinator species and networks were highly generalized, whereas indices of link strength revealed that species and above all individuals behave as quite strict specialists. Synthesis. Our study provides insights into the status of a native mass-flowering plant in individual's and insect species' food niches and pollination networks. It revealed that a generalist pollinator species can be highly specialized at the individual level and how rare plant species coexisting with mass-flowering plants may nevertheless be visited.},
}

@article {pmid31937243,
year = {2020},
author = {Chen, ML and Huang, YH and Qiu, BY and Chen, PT and Du, XY and Li, HS and Pang, H},
title = {Changes in life history traits and transcriptional regulation of Coccinellini ladybirds in using alternative prey.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {44},
doi = {10.1186/s12864-020-6452-0},
pmid = {31937243},
issn = {1471-2164},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Ladybird beetles (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) are highly diverse in their feeding habits. Most of them are specialist feeders, while some can have a broad spectrum of prey. As a representative group of generalists, the tribe Coccinellini includes many aphidophagous species, but members of this tribe also feed on other hemipterous insects including coccids, psyllids and whiteflies. As a result, several species are effective biological control agents or invasive species with serious non-target effects. Despite their economic importance, relatively little is known about how they adapt to new prey.

RESULTS: In this study, comparisons of the life history traits and transcriptomes of ladybirds fed initial (aphids) and alternative prey (mealybugs) were performed in three Coccinellini species. The use of alternative prey greatly decreased performance, implied by the significantly prolonged development time and decreased survival rate and adult weight. Prey shifts resulted in a set of differentially expressed genes encoding chemosensory proteins and digestive and detoxifying enzymes.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that these generalists do not perform well when they use alternative prey as the sole nutrition source. Although their capacity for predation might have created an opportunity to use varied prey, they must adapt to physiological obstacles including chemosensing, digestion and detoxification in response to a prey shift. These findings challenge the effect of Coccinellini predators on the biological control of non-aphid pests and suggest the possibility of non-target attacks by so-called specialists.},
}

@article {pmid31936615,
year = {2020},
author = {Swaminathan, P and Ohrtman, M and Carinder, A and Deuja, A and Wang, C and Gaskin, J and Fennell, A and Clay, S},
title = {Water Deficit Transcriptomic Responses Differ in the Invasive Tamarix chinensis and T. ramosissima Established in the Southern and Northern United States.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/plants9010086},
pmid = {31936615},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {1559978//National Science Foundation/ ; IIA-1355423//National Science Foundation/ ; SD00H633-18//USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ ; BioSNTR//South Dakota Research and Innovation Center/ ; },
abstract = {Tamarix spp. (saltcedar) were introduced from Asia to the southern United States as windbreak and ornamental plants and have spread into natural areas. This study determined differential gene expression responses to water deficit (WD) in seedlings of T. chinensis and T. ramosissima from established invasive stands in New Mexico and Montana, respectively. A reference de novo transcriptome was developed using RNA sequences from WD and well-watered samples. Blast2GO analysis of the resulting 271,872 transcripts yielded 89,389 homologs. The reference Tamarix (Tamaricaceae, Carophyllales order) transcriptome showed homology with 14,247 predicted genes of the Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris (Amaranthaceae, Carophyllales order) genome assembly. T. ramosissima took longer to show water stress symptoms than T. chinensis. There were 2068 and 669 differentially expressed genes (DEG) in T. chinensis and T. ramosissima, respectively; 332 were DEG in common between the two species. Network analysis showed large biological process networks of similar gene content for each of the species under water deficit. Two distinct molecular function gene ontology networks (binding and transcription factor-related) encompassing multiple up-regulated transcription factors (MYB, NAC, and WRKY) and a cellular components network containing many down-regulated photosynthesis-related genes were identified in T. chinensis, in contrast to one small molecular function network in T. ramosissima.},
}

@article {pmid31936005,
year = {2020},
author = {Duchicela, J and Bever, JD and Schultz, PA},
title = {Symbionts as Filters of Plant Colonization of Islands: Tests of Expected Patterns and Environmental Consequences in the Galapagos.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/plants9010074},
pmid = {31936005},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {CRN2014//Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research/ ; DEB#1556664//National Science Fundation/ ; },
abstract = {The establishments of new organisms that arrive naturally or with anthropogenic assistance depend primarily on local conditions, including biotic interactions. We hypothesized that plants that rely on fungal symbionts are less likely to successfully colonize remote environments such as oceanic islands, and this can shape subsequent island ecology. We analyzed the mycorrhizal status of Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos flora compared with the mainland Ecuador flora of origin. We experimentally determined plant responsiveness and plant-soil feedback of the island flora and assessed mycorrhizal density and soil aggregate stability of island sites. We found that a greater proportion of the native island flora species belongs to families that typically do not associate with mycorrhizal fungi than expected based upon the mainland flora of origin and the naturalized flora of the island. Native plants benefited significantly less from soil fungi and had weaker negative soil feedbacks than introduced species. This is consistent with the observation that field sites dominated by native plant species had lower arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal density and lower soil aggregate stability than invaded field sites at the island. We found support for a mycorrhizal filter to the initial colonization of the Galapagos.},
}

@article {pmid31932702,
year = {2020},
author = {Guyton, JA and Pansu, J and Hutchinson, MC and Kartzinel, TR and Potter, AB and Coverdale, TC and Daskin, JH and da Conceição, AG and Peel, MJS and Stalmans, ME and Pringle, RM},
title = {Trophic rewilding revives biotic resistance to shrub invasion.},
journal = {Nature ecology & evolution},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41559-019-1068-y},
pmid = {31932702},
issn = {2397-334X},
support = {9459-14//National Geographic Society/ ; IOS-1656527//NSF | BIO | Division of Integrative Organismal Systems (IOS)/ ; },
abstract = {Trophic rewilding seeks to rehabilitate degraded ecosystems by repopulating them with large animals, thereby re-establishing strong top-down interactions. Yet there are very few tests of whether such initiatives can restore ecosystem structure and functions, and on what timescales. Here we show that war-induced collapse of large-mammal populations in Mozambique's Gorongosa National Park exacerbated woody encroachment by the invasive shrub Mimosa pigra-considered one of the world's 100 worst invasive species-and that one decade of concerted trophic rewilding restored this invasion to pre-war baseline levels. Mimosa occurrence increased between 1972 and 2015, a period encompassing the near extirpation of large herbivores during the Mozambican Civil War. From 2015 to 2019, mimosa abundance declined as ungulate biomass recovered. DNA metabarcoding revealed that ruminant herbivores fed heavily on mimosa, and experimental exclosures confirmed the causal role of mammalian herbivory in containing shrub encroachment. Our results provide mechanistic evidence that trophic rewilding has rapidly revived a key ecosystem function (biotic resistance to a notorious woody invader), underscoring the potential for restoring ecological health in degraded protected areas.},
}

@article {pmid31930976,
year = {2020},
author = {Xue, Q and Ma, CS},
title = {Aged virgin adults respond to extreme heat events with phenotypic plasticity in an invasive species, Drosophila suzukii.},
journal = {Journal of insect physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {104016},
doi = {10.1016/j.jinsphys.2020.104016},
pmid = {31930976},
issn = {1879-1611},
abstract = {Climate warming has increased the frequency of extreme heat events. Alien species usually invade new areas with a low-density population and often have limited mating opportunities due to the unsynchronized emergence of adults. Early-emerging virgin adults often have to wait to mate with later-emerging partners at the cost of aging, which reduces thermal tolerance. To understand the adaptive strategies of virgin males/females versus those of mated males/females in response to heat stress during aging, we conducted a fully factorial experiment to test the basal and plastic heat tolerance (CTmax, critical thermal maximum) of males and females with different mating statuses (virgin and mated) at different ages (5, 10, and 15 days after eclosion) after different acclimation regimes (null, rapid and developmental heat acclimation) in a well-known invasive species, Drosophila suzukii. We found that mating could change the heat tolerance of adults during aging. Mated females had higher basal heat tolerance than virgin females, while mated males had lower tolerance than virgin males. Mating could generally decrease the acclimation capacity (i.e., plasticity of heat tolerance) during aging. Aged virgin adults had a much higher acclimation capacity than aged mated adults. Our findings suggest that phenotypic plasticity of heat tolerance may be a main strategy used by virgin adults to cope with heat events. The phenotypic plasticity of thermal tolerance could increase the invasion success of alien species in new areas by allowing them to rapid respond to local temperature changes.},
}

@article {pmid31930639,
year = {2020},
author = {Hughes, KA and Pescott, OL and Peyton, J and Adriaens, T and Cottier-Cook, EJ and Key, G and Rabitsch, W and Tricarico, E and Barnes, DKA and Baxter, N and Belchier, M and Blake, D and Convey, P and Dawson, W and Frohlich, D and Gardiner, LM and González-Moreno, P and James, R and Malumphy, C and Martin, S and Martinou, AF and Minchin, D and Monaco, A and Moore, N and Morley, SA and Ross, K and Shanklin, J and Turvey, K and Vaughan, D and Vaux, AGC and Werenkraut, V and Winfield, IJ and Roy, HE},
title = {Invasive non-native species likely to threaten biodiversity and ecosystems in the Antarctic Peninsula region.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.14938},
pmid = {31930639},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {NE/R016429/1//Natural Environment Research Council/ ; //Government of the United Kingdom/ ; //Foreign and Commonwealth Office Conflict, Security and Stabilisation Fund/ ; DPLUS074//Darwin Plus/ ; },
abstract = {The Antarctic is considered to be a pristine environment relative to other regions of the Earth, but it is increasingly vulnerable to invasions by marine, freshwater and terrestrial non-native species. The Antarctic Peninsula region (APR), which encompasses the Antarctic Peninsula, South Shetland Islands and South Orkney Islands, is by far the most invaded part of the Antarctica continent. The risk of introduction of invasive non-native species to the APR is likely to increase with predicted increases in the intensity, diversity and distribution of human activities. Parties that are signatories to the Antarctic Treaty have called for regional assessments of non-native species risk. In response, taxonomic and Antarctic experts undertook a horizon scanning exercise using expert opinion and consensus approaches to identify the species that are likely to present the highest risk to biodiversity and ecosystems within the APR over the next 10 years. One hundred and three species, currently absent in the APR, were identified as relevant for review, with 13 species identified as presenting a high risk of invading the APR. Marine invertebrates dominated the list of highest risk species, with flowering plants and terrestrial invertebrates also represented; however, vertebrate species were thought unlikely to establish in the APR within the 10 year timeframe. We recommend (a) the further development and application of biosecurity measures by all stakeholders active in the APR, including surveillance for species such as those identified during this horizon scanning exercise, and (b) use of this methodology across the other regions of Antarctica. Without the application of appropriate biosecurity measures, rates of introductions and invasions within the APR are likely to increase, resulting in negative consequences for the biodiversity of the whole continent, as introduced species establish and spread further due to climate change and increasing human activity.},
}

@article {pmid31929722,
year = {2019},
author = {van Loo, M and Lazic, D and Chakraborty, D and Hasenauer, H and Schüler, S},
title = {North American Douglas-fir (P. menziesii) in Europe: establishment and reproduction within new geographic space without consequences for its genetic diversity.},
journal = {Biological invasions},
volume = {21},
number = {11},
pages = {3249-3267},
pmid = {31929722},
issn = {1387-3547},
abstract = {Genetic admixture and plasticity along with propagule pressure, large seed dispersal distances and fast adaptation support successful establishment and spread of introduced species outside their native range. Consequently, introductions may display climatic niche shifts in the introduced range. Douglas-fir, a controversial forest and ornamental conifer represented by two ecologically different and hybridising varieties, was transferred multiple times outside the native range in North America. Here, we compare climatic and genetic patterns of 38 native populations from North America with six old Pseudotsuga menziesii populations with natural regeneration in the introduced range in Central Europe. Following variety and geographic origin assessment of introduced populations, genotypic and climatic data were examined for signatures of inter-varietal gene flow, reduced genetic diversity, presence of fine-scale spatial genetic structure (SGS), dispersal patterns, and climate similarities between native and introduced range. In the introduced range, dominating coastal variety originated from a restricted area in the US, whereas the interior variety, with limited presence in the European sites, displayed wider geographic origin. Variety hybrids with contributing coastal, but not the interior parent were identified. Differences in genetic diversity between both ranges, but also among the parent and their respective offspring populations in Europe were not found. Old populations in general lacked any SGS, whereas natural regeneration revealed different patterns of SGS. Distances of propagule dispersal ranged between 2.5 and 92 m. The climate of the studied European introduced range was most similar to the climate of the coastal variety from the western Cascade range from which the majority of the analysed coastal European Douglas-fir, but not the European interior variety, was assigned to originate. The results we present here shed not only light on dynamics of invasive species in the introduced range in general, but also allow for refinement of climatic niche modeling when using lower than species level.},
}

@article {pmid31924911,
year = {2019},
author = {Wyckhuys, KAG and Hughes, AC and Buamas, C and Johnson, AC and Vasseur, L and Reymondin, L and Deguine, J- and Sheil, D},
title = {Biological control of an agricultural pest protects tropical forests.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {10},
doi = {10.1038/s42003-018-0257-6},
pmid = {31924911},
issn = {2399-3642},
abstract = {Though often perceived as an environmentally-risky practice, biological control of invasive species can restore crop yields, ease land pressure and thus contribute to forest conservation. Here, we show how biological control against the mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (Hemiptera) slows deforestation across Southeast Asia. In Thailand, this newly-arrived mealybug caused an 18% decline in cassava yields over 2009-2010 and an escalation in prices of cassava products. This spurred an expansion of cassava cropping in neighboring countries from 713,000 ha in 2009 to > 1 million ha by 2011: satellite imagery reveals 388%, 330%, 185% and 608% increases in peak deforestation rates in Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar and Vietnam focused in cassava crop expansion areas. Following release of the host-specific parasitoid Anagyrus lopezi (Hymenoptera) in 2010, mealybug outbreaks were reduced, cropping area contracted and deforestation slowed by 31-95% in individual countries. Hence, when judiciously implemented, insect biological control can deliver substantial environmental benefits.},
}

@article {pmid31923283,
year = {2020},
author = {Peralta, G and Dickie, IA and Yeates, GW and Peltzer, DA},
title = {Community- and trophic-level responses of soil nematodes to removal of a non-native tree at different stages of invasion.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {e0227130},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0227130},
pmid = {31923283},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {Success of invasive non-native plant species management is usually measured as changes in the abundance of the invasive plant species or native plant species following invader management, but more complex trophic responses to invader removal are often ignored or assumed. Moreover, the effects of invader removal at different stages of the invasion process is rarely evaluated, despite a growing recognition that invader impacts are density or stage-dependent. Therefore, the effectiveness of invasive species management for restoring community structure and function across trophic levels remains poorly understood. We determined how soil nematode diversity and community composition respond to removal of the globally invasive tree species Pinus contorta at different stages of invasion by reanalysing and expanding an earlier study including uninvaded vegetation (seedlings removed continuously), early invader removal (saplings removed), late removal (trees removed), and no removal (invaded). These treatments allowed us to evaluate the stage-dependent belowground trophic responses to biological invasion and removal. We found that invaded plots had half the nematode taxa richness compared to uninvaded plots, and that tree invasion altered the overall composition of the nematode community. Differences in nematode community composition between uninvaded nematode communities and those under the tree removal strategy tended to dilute higher up the food chain, whereas the composition of uninvaded vs. sapling removal strategies did not differ significantly. Conversely, the composition of invaded compared to uninvaded nematode communities differed across all trophic levels, altering the community structure and function. Specifically, invaded communities were structurally simplified compared to uninvaded communities, and had a higher proportion of short life cycle nematodes, characteristic of disturbed environments. We demonstrate that a shift in management strategies for a globally invasive tree species from removing trees to earlier removal of saplings is needed for maintaining the composition and structure of soil nematode communities to resemble uninvaded conditions.},
}

@article {pmid31922941,
year = {2019},
author = {González-Acosta, C and Correa-Morales, F and Canche-Aguilar, I and Silva-Domínguez, R and Salgado-Alonzo, MC and Muñoz-Urias, R and Salazar-Bueyes, VM and Moreno-García, M},
title = {First Report of Aedes albopictus in Guerrero State, Mexico.},
journal = {Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association},
volume = {35},
number = {4},
pages = {285-287},
doi = {10.2987/19-6829.1},
pmid = {31922941},
issn = {1943-6270},
abstract = {In 1988, Aedes albopictus was first described in Mexico. Since then, it has been recorded in most of the coastal states that have a shoreline on the Gulf of Mexico, 3 states in Central Mexico and 2 states on the coast of the Pacific Ocean. This is the first report documenting the presence of this invasive species in Guerrero, a state with coastlines on the Pacific Ocean. This evidence suggests that the distribution of Ae. albopictus is expanding throughout Mexico. It remains unknown the extent to which Ae. albopictus contributes to vector-borne disease transmission in this country; however, the risk should not be neglected.},
}

@article {pmid31921284,
year = {2019},
author = {Colihueque, N and Estay, FJ and Crespo, JE and Arriagada, A and Baessolo, L and Canales-Aguirre, CB and Marín, J and Carrasco, R},
title = {Genetic Differentiation and Origin of Naturalized Rainbow Trout Populations From Southern Chile, Revealed by the mtDNA Control Region Marker.},
journal = {Frontiers in genetics},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {1212},
pmid = {31921284},
issn = {1664-8021},
abstract = {Numerous self-sustaining naturalized or introduced populations of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are widely distributed throughout the freshwaters of southern Chile. In this study, analysis of the mitochondrial DNA control region (CR) marker was conducted to investigate the level of genetic divergence among populations and their phylogenetic relationships with respect to native lineages. This information provided a framework to interpret the genetic structure and origin that was shaped during historical trout introduction efforts. To this end, we analyzed eleven naturalized populations of lakes and rivers from five basins. The CR marker revealed five haplotypes. The overall haplotype (H) and nucleotide (Π) diversities were 0.684 ± 0.030 and 0.00460 ± 0.00012, respectively. Global FST was 0.169, with several pairwise FST estimates showing significant differences (P < 0.05). The exact test of population differentiation corroborated this result (P < 0.001). Significant geographic structure was found (P < 0.05), with variations explained primarily by differences within populations (61.65%) and among group basins (20.82%). Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis resolved two distinct clades with medium bootstrap support when naturalized populations were aligned in conjunction with reference native lineages. The haplotype network revealed a close association between naturalized populations and four main haplotypes representative of three native ecotypes or lineages from western North America (rainbow trout, steelhead trout and redband trout). These results indicate a genetic population structuring for naturalized rainbow trout from southern Chile and an origin probably represented by multiple lineages sources. Thus, mitochondrial DNA data strongly suggest that stocking of rainbow trout from different origins may have occurred during or after the initial introduction efforts.},
}

@article {pmid31918081,
year = {2019},
author = {Wang, C and Wei, M and Wang, S and Wu, B and Du, D},
title = {Cadmium influences the litter decomposition of Solidago canadensis L. and soil N-fixing bacterial communities.},
journal = {Chemosphere},
volume = {246},
number = {},
pages = {125717},
doi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125717},
pmid = {31918081},
issn = {1879-1298},
abstract = {It is important to illuminate the effects of litter decomposition of invasive alien species on soil N-fixing bacterial communities (SoNiBa), especially under heavy metal pollution to better outline the mechanisms for invasion success of invasive alien species. This study attempts to identify the effects of litter decomposition of Solidago canadensis L. on SoNiBa under cadmium (Cd) pollution with different concentrations (i.e., low concentration, 7.5 mg/kg soil; high concentration, 15 mg/kg soil) via a polyethylene litterbags-experiment. Electrical conductivity and total N of soil were the most important environmental factors for determining the variations of SoNiBa composition. S. canadensis did not significantly affect the alpha diversity of SoNiBa but significantly affect the beta diversity of SoNiBa and SoNiBa composition. Thus, SoNiBa composition, rather than alpha diversity of SoNiBa, was the most important determinant of the invasion success of S. canadensis. Cd with 15 mg/kg soil did not address distinct effects on alpha diversity of SoNiBa, but Cd with 7.5 mg/kg soil noticeably raised the number of species and species richness of SoNiBa mainly due to the hormonal effects. The combined S. canadensis and Cd with 15 mg/kg soil obviously decreased cumulative mass losses and the rate of litter decomposition (k) of S. canadensis, but the combined S. canadensis and Cd with 7.5 mg/kg soil evidently accelerated cumulative mass losses and k of S. canadensis. Thus, Cd with 7.5 mg/kg soil can accelerate litter decomposition of S. canadensis, but Cd with 15 mg/kg soil can decline litter decomposition of S. canadensis.},
}

@article {pmid31915583,
year = {2020},
author = {Hauger, AN and Hollis-Etter, KM and Etter, DR and Roloff, GJ and Mahon, AR},
title = {Use of environmental DNA (eDNA) in streams to detect feral swine (Sus scrofa).},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {8},
number = {},
pages = {e8287},
pmid = {31915583},
issn = {2167-8359},
abstract = {Invasive feral swine can damage ecosystems, disrupt plant and animal populations, and transmit diseases. Monitoring of feral swine populations requires expensive and labor-intensive techniques such as aerial surveys, field surveys for sign, trail cameras, and verifying landowner reports. Environmental DNA (eDNA) provides an alternative method for locating feral swine. To aid in detection of this harmful invasive species, a novel assay was developed incorporating molecular methods. From August 2017 to April 2018, water samples and stream data were collected along 400 m transects in two different stream types where swine DNA was artificially introduced to investigate potential factors affecting detection. A generalized linear model (family binomial) was used to characterize environmental conditions affecting swine DNA detection; detection was the dependent variable and stream measurements included stream type, distance downstream, water temperature, velocity, turbidity, discharge, and pH as independent variables. Parameters from the generalized linear model were deemed significant if 95% confidence intervals did not overlap 0. Detection probability for swine DNA negatively related to water temperature (β = - 0.21, 95% CI [-0.35 to -0.09]), with the highest detection probability (0.80) at 0 °C and lowest detection probability (0.05) at 17.9 °C water temperature. Results indicate that sampling for swine eDNA in free-flowing stream systems should occur at lower water temperatures to maximize detection probability. This study provides a foundation for further development of field and sampling techniques for utilizing eDNA as a viable alternative to monitoring a terrestrial invasive species in northern regions of the United States.},
}

@article {pmid31915201,
year = {2020},
author = {Hraoui, G and Bettinazzi, S and Gendron, AD and Boisclair, D and Breton, S},
title = {Mitochondrial thermo-sensitivity in invasive and native freshwater mussels.},
journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1242/jeb.215921},
pmid = {31915201},
issn = {1477-9145},
abstract = {Climate change is impacting many, if not all, forms of life. Increases in extreme temperature fluctuations and average temperatures can cause stress, particularly in aquatic sessile ectotherms such as freshwater mussels. However, some species seem to thrive more than others in face of temperature-related stressors. Thermal tolerance may for example explain invasive species success. It is also known that mitochondria can play a key role in setting an ectothermic species' thermal tolerance. In this study, we aimed to characterize the mitochondrial thermo-tolerance in invasive and endemic freshwater mussels. With the use of high-resolution respirometry, we analyzed the mitochondrial respiration of two freshwater bivalve species exposed to a broad range of temperatures. We noticed that the invasive dreissenid Dreissena bugensis possessed a less thermo-tolerant mitochondrial metabolism than the endemic unionid Elliptio complanata This lack of tolerance was linked with a more noticeable aerobic metabolic depression at elevated temperatures. This decrease in mitochondrial metabolic activity was also linked with an increase in leak oxygen consumption as well as a stable maintenance of the activity of cytochrome c oxidase in both species. These findings may be associated both with species' life history characteristics, as D. bugensis is more adapted to unstable habitats, in which selection pressures for resistance adaptations are reduced. Our findings add to the growing body of literature characterizing the mitochondrial metabolism of many aquatic ectotherms in our changing world.},
}

@article {pmid31914976,
year = {2020},
author = {Liao, C and Xavier, JB and Zhu, Z},
title = {Enhanced inference of ecological networks by parameterizing ensembles of population dynamics models constrained with prior knowledge.},
journal = {BMC ecology},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {3},
pmid = {31914976},
issn = {1472-6785},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Accurate network models of species interaction could be used to predict population dynamics and be applied to manage real world ecosystems. Most relevant models are nonlinear, however, and data available from real world ecosystems are too noisy and sparsely sampled for common inference approaches. Here we improved the inference of generalized Lotka-Volterra (gLV) ecological networks by using a new optimization algorithm to constrain parameter signs with prior knowledge and a perturbation-based ensemble method.

RESULTS: We applied the new inference to long-term species abundance data from the freshwater fish community in the Illinois River, United States. We constructed an ensemble of 668 gLV models that explained 79% of the data on average. The models indicated (at a 70% level of confidence) a strong positive interaction from emerald shiner (Notropis atherinoides) to channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), which we could validate using data from a nearby observation site, and predicted that the relative abundances of most fish species will continue to fluctuate temporally and concordantly in the near future. The network shows that the invasive silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) has much stronger impacts on native predators than on prey, supporting the notion that the invader perturbs the native food chain by replacing the diets of predators.

CONCLUSIONS: Ensemble approaches constrained by prior knowledge can improve inference and produce networks from noisy and sparsely sampled time series data to fill knowledge gaps on real world ecosystems. Such network models could aid efforts to conserve ecosystems such as the Illinois River, which is threatened by the invasion of the silver carp.},
}

@article {pmid31913334,
year = {2020},
author = {Srivastava, V and Griess, VC and Keena, MA},
title = {Assessing the Potential Distribution of Asian Gypsy Moth in Canada: A Comparison of Two Methodological Approaches.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {22},
pmid = {31913334},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {10106//Genome British Columbia/ ; 10106//Genome British Columbia/ ; 10106//Genome Canada (Génome Canada)/ ; 10106//Genome Canada (Génome Canada)/ ; },
abstract = {Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) is one of the world's worst hardwood defoliating invasive alien species. It is currently spreading across North America, damaging forest ecosystems and posing a significant economic threat. Two subspecies L. d. asiatica and L. d. japonica, collectively referred to as Asian gypsy moth (AGM) are of special concern as they have traits that make them better invaders than their European counterpart (e.g. flight capability of females). We assessed the potential distribution of AGM in Canada using two presence-only species distribution models, Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) and Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Prediction (GARP). In addition, we mapped AGM potential future distribution under two climate change scenarios (A1B and A2) while implementing dispersal constraints using the cellular automation model MigClim. MaxEnt had higher AUC, pAUC and sensitivity scores (0.82/1.40/1.00) when compared to GARP (0.70/1.26/0.9), indicating better discrimination of suitable versus unsuitable areas for AGM. The models indicated that suitable conditions for AGM were present in the provinces of British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. The human influence index was the variable found to contribute the most in predicting the distribution of AGM. These model results can be used to identify areas at risk for this pest, to inform strategic and tactical pest management decisions.},
}

@article {pmid31908623,
year = {2019},
author = {Frelich, LE and Blossey, B and Cameron, EK and Dávalos, A and Eisenhauer, N and Fahey, T and Ferlian, O and Groffman, PM and Larson, E and Loss, SR and Maerz, JC and Nuzzo, V and Yoo, K and Reich, PB},
title = {Side-swiped: Ecological cascades emanating from earthworm invasion.},
journal = {Frontiers in ecology and the environment},
volume = {17},
number = {9},
pages = {502-510},
pmid = {31908623},
issn = {1540-9295},
support = {677232/ERC_/European Research Council/International ; },
abstract = {Non-native, invasive earthworms are altering soils throughout the world. Ecological cascades emanating from these changes stem from earthworm-caused changes in detritus processing occurring at a mid-point in the trophic pyramid, rather than the more familiar bottom-up or top-down cascades. They include fundamental changes (microcascades) in soil morphology, bulk density, nutrient leaching, and a shift to warmer, drier soil surfaces with loss of organic horizons. In North American temperate and boreal forests, microcascades cause effects of concern to society (macrocascades), including changes in CO2 sequestration, disturbance regimes, soil quality, water quality, forest productivity, plant communities, and wildlife habitat, and facilitation of other invasive species. Interactions among these changes create cascade complexes that interact with climate change and other environmental changes. The diversity of cascade effects, combined with the vast area invaded by earthworms, lead to regionally important changes in ecological functioning.},
}

@article {pmid31907382,
year = {2020},
author = {Harvey, JA and Heinen, R and Armbrecht, I and Basset, Y and Baxter-Gilbert, JH and Bezemer, TM and Böhm, M and Bommarco, R and Borges, PAV and Cardoso, P and Clausnitzer, V and Cornelisse, T and Crone, EE and Dicke, M and Dijkstra, KB and Dyer, L and Ellers, J and Fartmann, T and Forister, ML and Furlong, MJ and Garcia-Aguayo, A and Gerlach, J and Gols, R and Goulson, D and Habel, JC and Haddad, NM and Hallmann, CA and Henriques, S and Herberstein, ME and Hochkirch, A and Hughes, AC and Jepsen, S and Jones, TH and Kaydan, BM and Kleijn, D and Klein, AM and Latty, T and Leather, SR and Lewis, SM and Lister, BC and Losey, JE and Lowe, EC and Macadam, CR and Montoya-Lerma, J and Nagano, CD and Ogan, S and Orr, MC and Painting, CJ and Pham, TH and Potts, SG and Rauf, A and Roslin, TL and Samways, MJ and Sanchez-Bayo, F and Sar, SA and Schultz, CB and Soares, AO and Thancharoen, A and Tscharntke, T and Tylianakis, JM and Umbers, KDL and Vet, LEM and Visser, ME and Vujic, A and Wagner, DL and WallisDeVries, MF and Westphal, C and White, TE and Wilkins, VL and Williams, PH and Wyckhuys, KAG and Zhu, ZR and de Kroon, H},
title = {International scientists formulate a roadmap for insect conservation and recovery.},
journal = {Nature ecology & evolution},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41559-019-1079-8},
pmid = {31907382},
issn = {2397-334X},
}

@article {pmid31906387,
year = {2020},
author = {Teixeira, LH and Yannelli, FA and Ganade, G and Kollmann, J},
title = {Functional Diversity and Invasive Species Influence Soil Fertility in Experimental Grasslands.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/plants9010053},
pmid = {31906387},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {308701/2013-5//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/ ; 400672/2013-8//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/ ; 54417975//Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst/ ; },
abstract = {Ecosystem properties can be positively affected by plant functional diversity and compromised by invasive alien plants. We performed a community assembly study in mesocosms manipulating different functional diversity levels for native grassland plants (communities composed by 1, 2 or 3 functional groups) to test if functional dispersion could constrain the impacts of an invasive alien plant (Solidagogigantea) on soil fertility and plant community biomass via complementarity. Response variables were soil nutrients, soil water nutrients and aboveground biomass. We applied linear mixed-effects models to assess the effects of functional diversity and S. gigantea on plant biomass, soil and soil water nutrients. A structural equation model was used to evaluate if functional diversity and invasive plants affect soil fertility directly or indirectly via plant biomass and soil pH. Invaded communities had greater total biomass but less native plant biomass than uninvaded ones. While functional diversity increased nutrient availability in the soil solution of uninvaded communities, invasive plants reduced nutrient concentration in invaded soils. Functional diversity indirectly affected soil water but not soil nutrients via plant biomass, whereas the invader reduced native plant biomass and disrupted the effects of diversity on nutrients. Moreover, invasive plants reduced soil pH and compromised phosphate uptake by plants, which can contribute to higher phosphate availability and its possible accumulation in invaded soils. We found little evidence for functional diversity to constrain invasion impacts on nutrients and plant biomass. Restoration of such systems should consider other plant community features than plant trait diversity to reduce establishment of invasive plants.},
}

@article {pmid31906186,
year = {2019},
author = {Tang, XT and Cai, L and Shen, Y and Xu, LL and Du, YZ},
title = {Competitive Displacement between Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 and MED and Evidence for Multiple Invasions of MED.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/insects11010035},
pmid = {31906186},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {No. 201303019 and No.200803005//Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China/ ; },
abstract = {Despite the severe ecological damage and economic loss caused by invasive species, the factors contributing to successful invasion or displacement remain elusive. The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), is an important invasive agricultural pest worldwide, causing severe damage to numerous crops by feeding or transmitting plant viruses. In this study, we monitored the dynamics of two invasive whitefly cryptic species, Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) and Mediterranean (MED), in Jiangsu, China, from 2005-2016. We found that B. tabaci MED quickly established and asserted dominance over MEAM1, resulting in their population displacement in Jiangsu in only three years (from 2005 to 2008). We further investigated the possible mechanisms underlying the successful invasion and competitive displacement from a genetic perspective. Based on sequencing of mitochondrial gene sequences from large numbers of whitefly samples, multiple invasion events of MED were validated by our genetic analyses. MED invaded Jiangsu starting from multiple introduction sites with secondary and/or subsequent invasive events. This may favor their invasion and displacement of MEAM1. This study advances our understanding of the mechanisms that enabled the successful invasion of MED.},
}

@article {pmid31905866,
year = {2019},
author = {Hopkins, MC and Zink, SD and Paulson, SL and Hawley, DM},
title = {Influence of Forest Disturbance on La Crosse Virus Risk in Southwestern Virginia.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/insects11010028},
pmid = {31905866},
issn = {2075-4450},
abstract = {Forest disturbance effects on La Crosse virus (LACV) are currently unknown. We determined the abundance of three LACV accessory vectors (Aedes albopictus, Ae. canadensis, and Ae. vexans) and the primary amplifying host (Eastern chipmunk; Tamias striatus), and tested for LACV prevalence in both vectors and chipmunks, across a gradient of experimental forest disturbance treatments in southwest Virginia. Forest disturbance significantly affected the abundance of LACV accessory vectors, with a higher abundance on disturbed sites for Ae. canadensis and Ae.vexans. However, there was no significant disturbance effect on chipmunk abundance. Forest disturbance significantly affected LACV prevalence in mosquito vectors, with most (80%) detections on unlogged control sites, which past work showed harbor the highest abundance of the two most common LACV vectors (the primary vector Aedes triseriatus, and Ae. japonicus). Interestingly, LACV nucleic acid was only detected in Ae. japonicus and Culex pipiens/restuans, with no detections in the primary vector, Ae. triseriatus. In contrast to the vector results, antibodies were only found in chipmunks on logged sites, but this result was not statistically significant. Overall, our results suggest that human LACV risk should generally decline with logging, and reveal the potential importance of accessory vectors in LACV maintenance in Appalachian forests.},
}

@article {pmid31904853,
year = {2020},
author = {Alford, A and Kuhar, TP and Hamilton, GC and Jentsch, P and Krawczyk, G and Walgenbach, JF and Welty, C},
title = {Baseline Toxicity of the Insecticides Bifenthrin and Thiamethoxam on Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Collected From the Eastern United States.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toz361},
pmid = {31904853},
issn = {1938-291X},
abstract = {Brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål), is an invasive species in the United States that attacks a wide variety of agricultural commodities including fruits, vegetables, agronomic crops, and ornamental plants. Populations of H. halys adults were collected from four and six states in 2017 and 2018, respectively, and tested using topical applications to establish baseline levels of susceptibility to two commonly used insecticides, bifenthrin and thiamethoxam. A Probit-estimated (95% fiducial limits) LD50 and LD99 of 2.64 g AI/L (1.2-3.84 g AI/L) and 84.96 g AI/L (35.76-716.16 g AI/L) for bifenthrin, and a LD50 and LD99 of 0.05 g AI/liter (1.14E-5-0.27 g AI/L) and 150.11 g AI/L (27.35-761,867 g AI/L) for thiamethoxam, respectively. These baseline levels can be used for future insecticide resistance monitoring in H. halys.},
}

@article {pmid31899358,
year = {2019},
author = {Barjhoux, I and Rioult, D and Geffard, A and Ladeiro, MP},
title = {A new protocol for the simultaneous flow cytometric analysis of cytotoxicity and immunotoxicity on zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) hemocytes.},
journal = {Fish & shellfish immunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.092},
pmid = {31899358},
issn = {1095-9947},
abstract = {Immunotoxicity analysis receives a strong interest in environmental a priori and a posteriori risk assessment procedures considering the direct involvement of the immune system in the health status of organisms, populations and thus ecosystems. The freshwater mussel Dreissena polymorpha is an invasive species widely used in ecotoxicology studies and biomonitoring surveys to evaluate the impacts of contaminants on aquatic fauna. Bivalve hemocytes are the immunocompetent cells circulating in the open circulatory system of the organism. However, there is nowadays no consensus on a protocol to evaluate the immunocompetent state of this particular cell type using flow cytometry. Wild species such as D. polymorpha present several technical barriers complicating their analyze including (i) the quality and the purity of the hemolymph sample, (ii) the controversial characterization of hemocyte subpopulations and their diversity, (iii) the quantity of biological material, and (iv) the high inter-individual variability of hemocyte responses. The present work proposes several technical and analytical improvements to control the above-mentioned issues. The inclusion of sedimentation and cell detachment steps in the pre-analytical phase of the protocol substantially ameliorate the quality of the hemolymph sample as well as the accuracy of the cytometric measurements, by selecting the analyzed cells on their adhesion ability and by increasing the concentration of the analyzed events. The development of an effective triple-labeling procedure including the cellular probe Hoechst® 33,342, the membrane impermeant dye propidium iodide and yellow-green fluorescent microspheres allowed the simultaneous analysis of cytotoxicity and phagocytosis activity in hemocytes. It also significantly enhanced the accuracy of hemocyte endpoint measurements by eliminating non-target events from the analysis and allowing relevant gating strategies. Finally, the use of pooled samples of hemolymph noticeably reduced inter-sample variability while providing more plasticity in the experimental design and improving the discriminating potency between treatments. The developed protocol is suitable for ex vivo exposure of hemocyte in a chemical/environmental toxicity assessment as well as for in vivo exposure in the laboratory or in situ biomonitoring surveys with few adaptations.},
}

@article {pmid31892946,
year = {2020},
author = {Hamelin, RC and Roe, AD},
title = {Genomic biosurveillance of forest invasive alien enemies: A story written in code.},
journal = {Evolutionary applications},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {95-115},
pmid = {31892946},
issn = {1752-4571},
abstract = {The world's forests face unprecedented threats from invasive insects and pathogens that can cause large irreversible damage to the ecosystems. This threatens the world's capacity to provide long-term fiber supply and ecosystem services that range from carbon storage, nutrient cycling, and water and air purification, to soil preservation and maintenance of wildlife habitat. Reducing the threat of forest invasive alien species requires vigilant biosurveillance, the process of gathering, integrating, interpreting, and communicating essential information about pest and pathogen threats to achieve early detection and warning and to enable better decision-making. This process is challenging due to the diversity of invasive pests and pathogens that need to be identified, the diverse pathways of introduction, and the difficulty in assessing the risk of establishment. Genomics can provide powerful new solutions to biosurveillance. The process of invasion is a story written in four chapters: transport, introduction, establishment, and spread. The series of processes that lead to a successful invasion can leave behind a DNA signature that tells the story of an invasion. This signature can help us understand the dynamic, multistep process of invasion and inform management of current and future introductions. This review describes current and future application of genomic tools and pipelines that will provide accurate identification of pests and pathogens, assign outbreak or survey samples to putative sources to identify pathways of spread, and assess risk based on traits that impact the outbreak outcome.},
}

@article {pmid31892236,
year = {2019},
author = {Falzon, G and Lawson, C and Cheung, KW and Vernes, K and Ballard, GA and Fleming, PJS and Glen, AS and Milne, H and Mather-Zardain, A and Meek, PD},
title = {ClassifyMe: A Field-Scouting Software for the Identification of Wildlife in Camera Trap Images.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ani10010058},
pmid = {31892236},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {N/A//Centre for Invasive Species Solutions/ ; },
abstract = {We present ClassifyMe a software tool for the automated identification of animal species from camera trap images.ClassifyMe is intended to be used by ecologists both in the field and in the office. Users can download a pre-trained model specific to their location of interest and then upload the images from a camera trap to a laptop or workstation.ClassifyMe will identify animals and other objects (e.g., vehicles) in images, provide a report file with the most likely species detections, and automatically sort the images into sub-folders corresponding to these species categories. False Triggers (no visible object present) will also be filtered and sorted. Importantly, the ClassifyMe software operates on the user's local machine (own laptop or workstation)-not via internet connection. This allows users access to state-of-the-art camera trap computer vision software in situ, rather than only in the office. The software also incurs minimal cost on the end-user as there is no need for expensive data uploads to cloud services. Furthermore, processing the images locally on the users' end-device allows them data control and resolves privacy issues surrounding transfer and third-party access to users' datasets.},
}

@article {pmid31891602,
year = {2019},
author = {Wang, YS and Dai, TM and Tian, H and Wan, FH and Zhang, GF},
title = {Comparative analysis of eight DNA extraction methods for molecular research in mealybugs.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {14},
number = {12},
pages = {e0226818},
pmid = {31891602},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {For molecular research, the quality and integrity of DNA obtained will affect the reliability of subsequent results. Extracting quality DNA from scale insects, including mealybugs, can be difficult due to their small body size and waxy coating. In this study, we evaluate eight commonly used DNA extraction methods to determine their efficacy in PCR analysis across life stages and preservation times. We find that fresh samples, immediately upon collection or after 2 wks, resulted in the most effective DNA extraction. Methods using the DNeasy Blood & Tissue kit, NaCl, SDS-RNase A, and SDS isolated DNA of sufficient quality DNA. The SDS method gave high DNA yield, while the NaCl and SDS-RNase A methods gave lower yield. NaCl, SDS-RNase A, SDS, chloroform-isopentyl alcohol, and the salting-out methods all resulted in sufficient DNA for PCR, and performed equal to or better than that of the DNeasy Blood & Tissue kit. When time and cost per extraction were considered, the SDS method was most efficient, especially for later life stages of mealybug, regardless of preservation duration. DNA extracted from a single fresh sample of a female adult mealybug was adequate for more than 10,000 PCR reactions. For earlier stages, including the egg and 1st instar nymph samples, DNA was most effectively extracted by the Rapid method. Our results provide guidelines for the choice of effective DNA extraction method for mealybug or other small insects across different life stages and preservation status.},
}

@article {pmid31891589,
year = {2019},
author = {de la Sancha, NU and Boyle, SA},
title = {Predictive sampling effort and species-area relationship models for estimating richness in fragmented landscapes.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {14},
number = {12},
pages = {e0226529},
pmid = {31891589},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {Loss of habitat, specifically deforestation, is a major driver of biodiversity loss. Species-area relationship (SAR) models traditionally have been used for estimating species richness, species loss as a function of habitat loss, and extrapolation of richness for given areas. Sampling-species relationships (SSRs) are interrelated yet separate drivers for species richness estimates. Traditionally, however, SAR and SSR models have been used independently and not incorporated into a single approach. We developed and compared predictive models that incorporate sampling effort species-area relationships (SESARS) along the entire Atlantic Forest of South America, and then applied the best-fit model to estimate richness in forest remnants of Interior Atlantic Forest of eastern Paraguay. This framework was applied to non-volant small mammal assemblages that reflect different tolerances to forest loss and fragmentation. In order to account for differences in functionality we estimated small mammal richness of 1) the entire non-volant small mammal assemblage, including introduced species; 2) the native species forest assemblage; and 3) the forest-specialist assemblage, with the latter two assemblages being subsets of the entire assemblage. Finally, we geospatially modeled species richness for each of the three assemblages throughout eastern Paraguay to identify remnants with high species richness. We found that multiple regression power-law interaction-term models that only included area and the interactions of area and sampling as predictors, worked best for predicting species richness for the entire assemblage and the native species forest assemblage, while several traditional SAR models (logistic, power, exponential, and ratio) best described forest-specialist richness. Species richness was significantly different between assemblages. We identified obvious remnants with high species richness in eastern Paraguay, and these remnants often were geographically isolated. We also found relatively high predicted species richness (in relation to the entire range of predicted richness values) in several geographically-isolated, medium-size forest remnants that likely have not been considered as possible priority areas for conservation. These findings highlight the importance of using an empirical dataset, created using sources representing diverse sampling efforts, to develop robust predictive models. This approach is particularly important in geographic locations where field sampling is limited yet the geographic area is experiencing rapid and dramatic land cover changes. When combined, area and sampling are powerful modeling predictors for questions of biogeography, ecology, and conservation, especially when addressing habitat loss and fragmentation.},
}

@article {pmid31891020,
year = {2019},
author = {Maslin, BR and Ho, BC and Sun, H and Bai, L},
title = {Revision of Senegalia in China, and notes on introduced species of Acacia, Acaciella, Senegalia and Vachellia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae).},
journal = {Plant diversity},
volume = {41},
number = {6},
pages = {353-466},
pmid = {31891020},
issn = {2468-2659},
abstract = {The present work represents the first comprehensive taxonomic revision of Acacia sens. lat. (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) in China, focusing on the indigenous species. Critical reassessments of specimens and re-definition of previously recorded species have resulted in recognising 21 indigenous species under Senegalia, a segregate of the former Acacia sens. lat. Detailed botanical profiles are provided for these species, together with a diagnostic line drawing and distribution map; photographs of living plants are provided for more than half the species. Terser treatments are also provided for the 15 species from four genera that are regarded as major introductions of Acacia sens. lat. to the country: Acacia Mill. (12 spp.), Acaciella Britton & Rose (1 sp.), Senegalia Raf. (1 sp.) and Vachellia Wight & Arn. (1 sp.). An identification key to all Acacia sens. lat. species in China is provided. The indigenous species of Senegalia in China belong to sect. Monacanthea (Vassal) Maslin, comb. nov., and the introduced ones to sect. Senegalia. As a consequence of this study, the number of Senegalia species now recognised for China has almost doubled. Six new species are described: Senegalia clandestina Maslin, B.C.Ho, H.Sun & L.Bai, sp. nov.; Senegalia guangdongensis Maslin, B.C.Ho, H.Sun & L.Bai, sp. nov.; Senegalia obliqua Maslin, B.C.Ho, H.Sun & L.Bai, sp. nov.; Senegalia orientalis Maslin, B.C.Ho, H.Sun & L.Bai, sp. nov.; Senegalia prominens Maslin, B.C.Ho, H.Sun & L.Bai, sp. nov.; Senegalia stipitata Maslin, B.C.Ho, H.Sun & L.Bai, sp. nov. Four new combinations are established: Senegalia garrettii (I.C.Nielsen) Maslin, B.C.Ho, H.Sun & L.Bai, comb. & stat. nov.; Senegalia kerrii (I.C.Nielsen) Maslin, B.C.Ho, H.Sun & L.Bai, comb. & stat. nov.; Senegalia kunmingensis (C.Chen & H.Sun) Maslin, B.C.Ho, H.Sun & L.Bai, comb. & stat. nov.; Senegalia macrocephala (Lace) Maslin, B.C.Ho, H.Sun & L.Bai, comb. nov. Senegalia andamanica (I.C.Nielsen) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger and S. macrocephala are new records for China. A lectotype is designated for Acacia teniana Harms and 2nd step lectotypifications effected for Acacia delavayi Franch., Acacia insuavis Lace, Acacia pruinescens Kurz and Acacia yunnanensis Franch. Former holotype citations are corrected to lectotype for Acacia hainanensis Hayata, Acacia macrocephala Lace, Acacia oxyphylla Graham ex Benth. and Acacia philippinarum Benth. A neotype is designated for Acacia arrophula D.Don. China is a principal area of species-richness for Senegalia in Asia. Senegalia displays a high degree of endemism within China and almost half the species are endemic or near-endemic, with Yunnan the most species-rich and species-diverse Province.},
}

@article {pmid31884200,
year = {2019},
author = {Lei, G and Fu, Y and Wu, W},
title = {Fine structure of mouthparts and forelegs of Euplatypus parallelus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) with emphasis on the behavior of gallery excavation.},
journal = {Micron (Oxford, England : 1993)},
volume = {130},
number = {},
pages = {102815},
doi = {10.1016/j.micron.2019.102815},
pmid = {31884200},
issn = {1878-4291},
abstract = {Euplatypus parallelus (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is one of the most invasive species of all the Platypodinae. It penetrates the xylem and oviposits in its host trees thereby weakening the trunk causing them to break under extreme conditions. Since the beetle has evolved effective drilling mouthparts enough to make wood tunnels, we used a field emission scanning electron microscopy to describe the sexual difference in mouthparts and forelegs morphology of the beetle. E. parallelus has chewing type mouthparts composed of a labrum, a pair of mandibles, a pair of maxillae, and a labium. In females, the size of maxillary palpi, submentum, prementum, and labial palpi are significantly larger than males. E. parallelus forelegs were walking type composed of procoxa, protrochanter, profemur, protibia, protarsus, and propretarsus. We observed no significant differences between the forelegs of males and females, but the procoxa of the males was slightly larger than that of females. The structural differences in mouthparts and forelegs between females and males indicated that females invest more time in gallery excavation than males. Possible functional relationships of these structures are discussed. These studies revealed the mechano-dynamic characteristics of E. parallelus and provided a theoretical basis for exploring the behavior of this beetle.},
}

@article {pmid31882949,
year = {2019},
author = {Romero, A and Aranguren, R and Moreira, R and Novoa, B and Figueras, A},
title = {Integrated transcriptomic and functional immunological approach for assessing the invasiveness of bivalve alien species.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {19879},
pmid = {31882949},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {AGL2015-65705-R//Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness)/ ; 678589//EC | Horizon 2020 (Horizon 2020 - Research and Innovation Framework Programme)/ ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions started when humans moved species beyond their normal geographic limits. Bivalves are the most notoriously invasive species in subtidal aquatic environments. Next-generation sequencing technologies are applied to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the invasion. The ecological immunology focuses on the role of immunity in invasion, and its magnitude could help to predict the invasiveness of alien species. A remarkable case of invasion has been reported in the Ría de Vigo (Spain) by the black pygmy mussel Xenostrobus securis. In Galicia, the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis is the predominant cultured bivalve species. Can we predict the invasiveness of alien bivalve species by analyzing their immune response? Can X. securis represent a risk for the autochthonous mussel? We evaluated the suitability of the immune-related hypotheses in our model by using an integrated transcriptomic and functional immunological approach. Our analysis suggests lower immune capabilities in X. securis compared to M. galloprovincialis, probably due to the relocation of energetic resources from the immune response to vital physiological processes to cope with salinity stress. This multidisciplinary approach will help us understand how the immune response can be influenced by the adaptive process and how this immune response can influence the invasion process.},
}

@article {pmid31881706,
year = {2019},
author = {Fried, G and Chauvel, B and Munoz, F and Reboud, X},
title = {Which Traits Make Weeds More Successful in Maize Crops? Insights from a Three-Decade Monitoring in France.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/plants9010040},
pmid = {31881706},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {Cesab DiscoWeed//Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversite/ ; },
abstract = {A major aim in invasion biology is identifying traits distinguishing alien invasive and alien non-invasive plants. Surprisingly, this approach has been, so far, poorly used to understand why some arable weeds are abundant and widespread while others are rare and narrowly distributed. In the present study, we focused on the characteristics of successful weeds occurring in maize fields, one of the most important crops worldwide. Two national weed surveys conducted in France were used to identify increasing and decreasing species based on 175 and 484 surveyed fields in the 1970s and the 2000s, respectively. Weed trait values related to regional frequency, local abundance, and specialization to maize were identified with phylogenetic generalized least-squares (PGLS). We found a positive relationship between regional frequency and local abundance, i.e., the most widespread weeds were also locally more abundant. We highlighted that weeds with the C4 photosynthetic pathway and summer emergence were more abundant, more frequent, and more specialized to maize crops. More generally, we highlighted two successful strategies: On the one hand, traits related to a general weediness syndrome with rapid resource acquisition (high SLA and Ellenberg-N) and high colonization capacity (seed longevity, fecundity, and wind dispersal); on the other hand, traits related to specific adaptation to spring cultivation (thermophilous species with summer emergence, late flowering, and C4 photosynthetic pathway). Deviations from the abundancy-frequency relationships also indicated that species of the Panicoideae sub-family, species with Triazine-resistant populations, and neophyte species were more abundant than expected by their regional frequency. To some extent, it is therefore possible to predict which species can be troublesome in maize crops and use this information in weed risk assessment tools to prevent new introductions or favor early detection and eradication. This study showed how tools developed in functional and macro-ecology can be used to improve our understanding of weed ecology and to develop more preventive management strategies.},
}

@article {pmid31881214,
year = {2019},
author = {Petrovskaya, N and Zhang, W},
title = {When seeing is not believing: Comparative study of various spatial distributions of invasive species.},
journal = {Journal of theoretical biology},
volume = {488},
number = {},
pages = {110141},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.110141},
pmid = {31881214},
issn = {1095-8541},
abstract = {We address the problem of pattern recognition and comparison when spatial patterns of biological invasions are studied. A model of biological invasion is employed to simulate spatio-temporal dynamics of invasive species and generate a variety of spatial patterns including so called 'no front' patchy spatial distributions. We introduce several topological indices to understand whether various spatial distributions of invasive species can be compared to each other based on information about their topology. We also investigate how topological indices used to make conclusions about the spatial pattern are related to controlling parameters in the underlying process of biological invasion. Our analysis reveals that a small increment in the model parameters results in a small increment in topological indices when the topology of continuous front spatial pattern with no patches behind the front is considered. Meanwhile, 'no front' patchy spatial distributions present a different case where a small change in the model parameters results in random fluctuations of topological indices. The 'random' behaviour of patchy patterns is further studied to understand whether a patchy spatial structure can transform itself into a continuous front spatial distribution over time. In the paper it will be argued that apart from the topological quantities used to classify spatial distributions, the transition time required to establish topological properties of the spatial pattern must be taken into account in pattern recognition and analysis. Furthermore, it will be demonstrated that for some parameter values it is impossible to conclude about the topological type of spatial pattern, i.e. continuous front spatial distributions cannot be distinguished from 'no front' patchy distributions of invasive species, no matter what their topological indices are.},
}

@article {pmid31879707,
year = {2019},
author = {Ngamniyom, A and Sriyapai, T and Sriyapai, P and Panyarachun, B},
title = {Contributions to the knowledge of Pseudolevinseniella (Trematoda: Digenea) and temnocephalans from alien crayfish in natural freshwaters of Thailand.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {5},
number = {12},
pages = {e02990},
pmid = {31879707},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Redclaw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) is a decapod species originating from Australian freshwater. For more than two decades, these crayfish have been re-distributing to environments in many countries, including Thailand. Moreover, they can carry endosymbionts and/or ectosymbionts into new environments. The aim of this study was to introduce a morphological description of Pseudolevinseniella anenteron as a metacercaria of the endoparasites of redclaw crayfish collected from natural water sources in Thailand. The occurrence of two ectosymbiotic temnocephalans (Diceratocephala boschmai and Temnosewellia sp.) in C. quadricarinatus was also reported. The internal morphology of P. anenteron, D. boschmai and Temnosewellia were described and discussed. The surface ultrastructure of the multidentate spines on the body and the metacercarial cyst wall of P. anenteron was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). By performing a search of the GenBank nucleotide database of partial sequences of 18S, 28S rDNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1), P. anenteron was found to be related to Maritrema, and Temnosewellia was found to be related to T. fasciata. However, according to the cox1 gene, Temnosewellia was found to be similar to T. minor. These results reveal that redclaw crayfish that inhabit natural freshwaters in Thailand may harbour endoparasites and ecto- and endosymbionts. Furthermore, these findings may be able to monitor invasive or non-invasive species in an ecosystem.},
}

@article {pmid31875651,
year = {2019},
author = {Beaury, EM and Finn, JT and Corbin, JD and Barr, V and Bradley, BA},
title = {Biotic resistance to invasion is ubiquitous across ecosystems of the United States.},
journal = {Ecology letters},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/ele.13446},
pmid = {31875651},
issn = {1461-0248},
support = {Northeast Climate Science Center Graduate Fellowsh//U.S. Geological Survey/ ; 1451512,//National Park Service/ ; //University of Massachusetts/ ; BCS-1560925 Graduate Research Fellowship / 1451512//National Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {The biotic resistance hypothesis predicts that diverse native communities are more resistant to invasion. However, past studies vary in their support for this hypothesis due to an apparent contradiction between experimental studies, which support biotic resistance, and observational studies, which find that native and non-native species richness are positively related at broad scales (small-scale studies are more variable). Here, we present a novel analysis of the biotic resistance hypothesis using 24 456 observations of plant richness spanning four community types and seven ecoregions of the United States. Non-native plant occurrence was negatively related to native plant richness across all community types and ecoregions, although the strength of biotic resistance varied across different ecological, anthropogenic and climatic contexts. Our results strongly support the biotic resistance hypothesis, thus reconciling differences between experimental and observational studies and providing evidence for the shared benefits between invasive species management and native biodiversity conservation.},
}

@article {pmid31873170,
year = {2019},
author = {Kukuła, K and Ortyl, B and Bylak, A},
title = {Habitat selection patterns of a species at the edge - case study of the native racer goby population in Central Europe.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {19670},
pmid = {31873170},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {BR/KBŚ/1UPB/2015//Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego (Ministry of Science and Higher Education)/ ; },
abstract = {Invasive alien species are regarded a nuisance. This extends into a lack of conservation efforts in their native range. As a consequence, conservation of e.g. range-edge populations is neglected. Gobiidae have many representatives of alien species in European freshwaters, and therefore they have a bad reputation. Objectives of this study were to: define the habitat selection patterns of a species at the edge, and examine the ontogenetic variation in its distributions, i.e. spatial distribution of different size classes. A racer goby Babka gymnotrachelus (syn. Neogobius gymnotrachelus) population was selected for the model. In numerous European river basins, Ponto-Caspian racer goby has been an invasive alien species of interest to researchers for many years. Recently, however, native populations of the species have been described in the Polish tributary of the upper Dniester River (Black Sea basin). We used habitat data and densities of racer goby to disentangle the habitat selection patterns of the species at a river reach at the edge of its native range. Evident preferences towards habitats with large submerged objects serving as hiding places were characteristic of the largest gobies. Adult, largest gobies were very likely to choose the 'boulders' site, while forcing smaller individuals to occupy places with faster water current, i.e. less suitable in terms of saving energy. At a larger geographic scale, a significant portion of the submountain river was unsuitable for racer gobies. At the edge of the racer goby range, patches providing habitats suitable for the species were scarce and scattered. With regard to invasive populations, the presence of stony bottoms, quite certainly cannot be considered as a factor excluding potential colonisation by racer goby, and in submountain rivers it might be the preferred kind of bottom.},
}

@article {pmid31869335,
year = {2019},
author = {Simons, RRL and Croft, S and Rees, E and Tearne, O and Arnold, ME and Johnson, N},
title = {Using species distribution models to predict potential hot-spots for Rift Valley Fever establishment in the United Kingdom.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {14},
number = {12},
pages = {e0225250},
pmid = {31869335},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {Vector borne diseases are a continuing global threat to both human and animal health. The ability of vectors such as mosquitos to cover large distances and cross country borders undetected provide an ever-present threat of pathogen spread. Many diseases can infect multiple vector species, such that even if the climate is not hospitable for an invasive species, indigenous species may be susceptible and capable of transmission such that one incursion event could lead to disease establishment in these species. Here we present a consensus modelling methodology to estimate the habitat suitability for presence of mosquito species in the UK deemed competent for Rift Valley fever virus (RVF) and demonstrate its application in an assessment of the relative risk of establishment of RVF virus in the UK livestock population. The consensus model utilises observed UK mosquito surveillance data, along with climatic and geographic prediction variables, to inform six independent species distribution models; the results of which are combined to produce a single prediction map. As a livestock host is needed to transmit RVF, we then combine the consensus model output with existing maps of sheep and cattle density to predict the areas of the UK where disease is most likely to establish in local mosquito populations. The model results suggest areas of high suitability for RVF competent mosquito species across the length and breadth of the UK. Notable areas of high suitability were the South West of England and coastal areas of Wales, the latter of which was subsequently predicted to be at higher risk for establishment of RVF due to higher livestock densities. This study demonstrates the applicability of outputs of species distribution models to help predict hot-spots for risk of disease establishment. While there is still uncertainty associated with the outputs we believe that the predictions are an improvement on just using the raw presence points from a database alone. The outputs can also be used as part of a multidisciplinary approach to inform risk based disease surveillance activities.},
}

@article {pmid31863455,
year = {2019},
author = {Uyà, M and Bulleri, F and Wright, JT and Gribben, PE},
title = {Facilitation of an invader by a native habitat-former increases along interacting gradients of environmental stress.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e02961},
doi = {10.1002/ecy.2961},
pmid = {31863455},
issn = {1939-9170},
abstract = {Native habitat-forming species can facilitate invasion by reducing environmental stress or consumer pressure. However, the intensity of one stressor along a local gradient may differ when expanding the scale of observation to encompass major variations in background environmental conditions. In this study, we determined how facilitation of the invasive porcelain crab, Petrolisthes elongatus, by the native tube-forming serpulid, Galeolaria caespitosa, varied with environmental gradients at local (tidal height) and larger (wave exposure) spatial scales. G. caespitosa constructs a complex calcareous matrix on the underside of intertidal boulders and we predicted that its positive effects on P. elongatus density would increase in intensity with shore height and be stronger at wave-sheltered than wave-exposed locations. To test these predictions, we conducted two experiments. First, we determined the effects of serpulid presence (boulders with live or dead serpulid matrix vs bare boulders) at six shore heights that covered the intertidal distribution of P. elongatus. Second, we determined the effects of serpulid presence (present vs absent), shore height (high vs low) and wave exposure (sheltered vs exposed) on crabs across six locations within the invaded range in northern Tasmania, Australia. In Experiment 1, the presence of serpulids (either dead or alive) enhanced P. elongatus densities at all shore heights, with facilitation intensity (as determined by a Relative Interaction Index; RII) tending to increase with shore height. In Experiment 2, serpulids facilitated P. elongatus across shore heights and wave-exposures, although crab densities were lower at high shore levels of wave-sheltered locations. However, the intensity of crab facilitation by serpulids was greater on wave-sheltered than on wave-exposed shores, but only at the high shore level. This study demonstrates that local effects of native habitat-formers on invasive species are dependent on prevailing environmental conditions at larger spatial scales and that, under more stressful conditions, invaders become increasingly reliant on positive interactions with native habitat-formers. Increased strength of local-scale facilitation by native species, dampening broader scale variations in environmental stressors, could enhance the ability of invasive species to establish self-sustaining populations in the invaded range.},
}

@article {pmid31863031,
year = {2019},
author = {Žunič-Kosi, A and Stritih-Peljhan, N and Zou, Y and McElfresh, JS and Millar, JG},
title = {A male-produced aggregation-sex pheromone of the beetle Arhopalus rusticus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae, Spondylinae) may be useful in managing this invasive species.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {19570},
pmid = {31863031},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {P1-0255 B//Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS (Slovenian Research Agency)/ ; },
abstract = {The longhorned beetle Arhopalus rusticus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae, Spondylinae) is a common species in conifer forests of the Northern Hemisphere, but with global trade, it has invaded and become established in New Zealand, Australia, and South America. Arhopalus rusticus is a suspected vector of the phytopathogenic nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causative agent of pine wilt disease, which is a major threat to pine forests worldwide. Here, we report the identification of a volatile, male-produced aggregation-sex pheromone for this species. Headspace odours from males contained a major male-specific compound, identified as (2 S, 5E)-6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-ol (common name (S)-fuscumol), and a minor component (E)-6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-one (geranylacetone). Both compounds are known pheromone components for species in the same subfamily. In field trials in its native range in Slovenia, (S)-fuscumol was significantly more attractive to beetles of both sexes, than racemic fuscumol and a blend of host plant volatiles commonly used as an attractant for this species. Fuscumol-baited traps also caught significant numbers of another spondylidine species, Spondylis buprestoides (L.), and a rare click beetle, Stenagostus rufus (De Geer). The pheromone can be exploited as a cost-effective and environmentally safe tool for detection and monitoring of this invasive species at ports of entry, and for monitoring the beetle's distribution and population trends in both endemic and invasive populations.},
}

@article {pmid31861229,
year = {2019},
author = {Kim, IR and Choi, W and Kim, A and Lim, J and Lee, DH and Lee, JR},
title = {Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Nutria (Myocastor coypus) in South Korea.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {9},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {31861229},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {NIE-A-2019-07 and NIE-A-2019-12//Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea/ ; },
abstract = {The nutria (Myocastor coypus) is an invasive alien species that have had major adverse effects on biodiversity and the agricultural economy in wetland habitats. Since 2014, the Ministry of Environment in South Korea has been carrying out the Nutria Eradication Project, and we investigated nutria distribution and genetic diversity of nutria populations in South Korea. We estimated that 99.2% of nutria habitats are in the mid-lower Nakdong River regions. To further analyze the genetic diversity in eight major nutria populations, we performed a genetic analysis using microsatellite markers. Genetic diversity levels of the eight nutria populations in South Korea were relatively lower than those in other countries. The probability of migration direction among nutria populations was predicted from genetic distance analysis. Genetic structure analysis showed little difference among the nutria populations in South Korea. These results suggest that nutrias in South Korea originated from a single population. Our results provide important data for establishing management strategies for the successful eradication of nutria populations in South Korea, as well as in other countries with alien invasive species.},
}

@article {pmid31857743,
year = {2019},
author = {García-Díaz, P and Anderson, DP and Lurgi, M},
title = {Evaluating the effects of landscape structure on the recovery of an invasive vertebrate after population control.},
journal = {Landscape ecology},
volume = {34},
number = {3},
pages = {615-626},
pmid = {31857743},
issn = {0921-2973},
support = {726176/ERC_/European Research Council/International ; },
abstract = {Context: Effective landscape control of invasive species is context-dependent due to the interplay between the landscape structure, local population dynamics, and metapopulation processes. We use a modelling approach incorporating these three elements to explore the drivers of recovery of populations of invasive species after control.

Objectives: We aim to improve our understanding of the factors influencing the landscape-level control of invasive species.

Methods: We focus on the case study of invasive brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) control in New Zealand. We assess how 13 covariates describing the landscape, patch, and population features influence the time of population recovery to a management density threshold of two possums/ha. We demonstrate the effects of those covariates on population recovery under three scenarios of population growth: logistic growth, strong Allee effects, and weak Allee effects.

Results: Recovery times were rapid regardless of the simulated population dynamics (average recovery time < 2 years), although populations experiencing Allee effects took longer to recover than those growing logistically. Our results indicate that habitat availability and patch area play a key role in reducing times to recovery after control, and this relationship is consistent across the three simulated scenarios.

Conclusions: The control of invasive possum populations in patchy landscapes would benefit from a patch-level management approach (considering each patch as an independent management unit), whereas simple landscapes would be better controlled by taking a landscape-level view (the landscape as the management unit). Future research should test the predictions of our models with empirical data to refine control operations.},
}

@article {pmid31857611,
year = {2019},
author = {Tsykun, T and Javal, M and Hölling, D and Roux, G and Prospero, S},
title = {Fine-scale invasion genetics of the quarantine pest, Anoplophora glabripennis, reconstructed in single outbreaks.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {19436},
pmid = {31857611},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {The xylophagous cerambycid Anoplophora glabripennis, the Asian long-horned beetle (ALB), is highly polyphagous and can colonize a wide range of broadleaved host trees causing significant economic damage. For this reason, it is considered a quarantine pest in Europe and North America. Although the global spread of ALB has been depicted recently, no comprehensive studies exist on the genetic pattern of populations' establishment and dynamics at fine-scale (i.e. within invasive outbreaks), before eradication measures are applied. This information may, however, be particularly important for an efficient management and control of invasive pests. Here, we characterized population genetic diversity and patterns of spread of ALB within and among the four outbreaks detected in Switzerland between 2011 and 2015. For this, we genotyped 223 specimens at 15 nuclear microsatellite loci and conducted specific population-based analyses. Our study shows: (1) At least three independent introductions and a, human-mediated, secondary dispersal event leading to the four outbreaks in the country; (2) An overall low intra-population genetic diversity in the viable and several years active invasive populations; (3) A colonization of single trees by homogeneous ALB genotypes; And (4) an establishment of populations several generations prior to its official discovery.},
}

@article {pmid31853467,
year = {2020},
author = {Kaim, D and Szwagrzyk, M and Ostafin, K},
title = {Mid-19th century road network dataset for Galicia and Austrian Silesia, Habsburg Empire.},
journal = {Data in brief},
volume = {28},
number = {},
pages = {104854},
pmid = {31853467},
issn = {2352-3409},
abstract = {In this paper, we present the vector dataset of the historical road network of Galicia and Austrian Silesia (>80 000 km2) in the mid-19th century - two regions of the former Habsburg Empire, located in Central Europe. The data were acquired manually from 455 map sheets of the Austrian second military survey map (1:28,800) for the four main road categories, according to the map legend. All the road categories present the roads passable at any time of the year, which was strategic information from the military point of view and build a network of 15 461 km. Currently, the data can be used by various researchers studying migrations, regional development, but also human impact on the environment, like land use change, invasive species introduction or landscape fragmentation. The dataset presents the times just before the most dynamic economic changes of the 19th century, which had a great impact on the region. On the other hand, the road network presented here was developed in the conditions of one country, the Habsburg Empire, which collapsed after the First World War, triggering the rise of new states and remodelling the transport network connections in Central Europe. Additionally, the data are accompanied by the layer of towns and villages with more than 2000 inhabitants, based on the 1857 Austrian census data.},
}

@article {pmid31852963,
year = {2019},
author = {Arnemann, JA and Roxburgh, S and Walsh, T and Guedes, J and Gordon, K and Smagghe, G and Tay, WT},
title = {Multiple incursion pathways for Helicoverpa armigera in Brazil show its genetic diversity spreading in a connected world.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {19380},
pmid = {31852963},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {R-8681-1//Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)/ ; R-8681-1//Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)/ ; },
abstract = {The Old World cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera was first detected in Brazil with subsequent reports from Paraguay, Argentina, Bolivia, and Uruguay. This pattern suggests that the H. armigera spread across the South American continent following incursions into northern/central Brazil, however, this hypothesis has not been tested. Here we compare northern and central Brazilian H. armigera mtDNA COI haplotypes with those from southern Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, and Paraguay. We infer spatial genetic and gene flow patterns of this dispersive pest in the agricultural landscape of South America. We show that the spatial distribution of H. armigera mtDNA haplotypes and its inferred gene flow patterns in the southwestern region of South America exhibited signatures inconsistent with a single incursion hypothesis. Simulations on spatial distribution patterns show that the detection of rare and/or the absence of dominant mtDNA haplotypes in southern H. armigera populations are inconsistent with genetic signatures observed in northern and central Brazil. Incursions of H. armigera into the New World are therefore likely to have involved independent events in northern/central Brazil, and southern Brazil/Uruguay-Argentina-Paraguay. This study demonstrates the significant biosecurity challenges facing the South American continent, and highlights alternate pathways for introductions of alien species into the New World.},
}

@article {pmid31852489,
year = {2019},
author = {Lopes, RP and Lima, JBP and Martins, AJ},
title = {Insecticide resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 in Brazil: a review.},
journal = {Parasites & vectors},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {591},
pmid = {31852489},
issn = {1756-3305},
support = {001//Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior/ ; 423002/2016-3//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/ ; E-26/203.177/2016//Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro/ ; },
abstract = {Culex quinquefasciatus is a successful invasive species broadly distributed in subtropical regions, including Brazil. It is an extremely annoying mosquito due to its nocturnal biting behavior, in high-density populations and it is a potential bridge between sylvatic arbovirus from birds to man in urban territories. Herein, we present a review concerning the methods of chemical control employed against Cx. quinquefasciatus in Brazil since the 1950's and insecticide resistance data registered in the literature. As there is no specific national programme for Cx. quinquefasciatus control in Brazil, the selection of insecticide resistance is likely due in part to the well-designed chemical campaigns against Aedes aegypti and the elevated employment of insecticides by households and private companies. There are very few publications about insecticide resistance in Cx. quinquefasciatus from Brazil when compared to Ae. aegypti. Nevertheless, resistance to organophosphates, carbamate, DDT, pyrethroids and biolarvicides has been registered in Cx. quinquefasciatus populations from distinct localities of the country. Concerning physiological mechanisms selected for resistance, distinct patterns of esterases, as well as mutations in the acetylcholinesterase (ace-1) and voltage-gated sodium channel (NaV) genes, have been identified in natural populations. Given environmental changes and socioeconomical issues in the cities, in recent years we have been experiencing an increase in the number of disease cases caused by arboviruses, which may involve Cx. quinquefasciatus participation as a key vector. It is urgent to better understand the efficiency and susceptibility status to insecticides, as well as the genetic background of known resistant mechanisms already present in Cx. quinquefasciatus populations for an effective and rapid chemical control when eventually required.},
}

@article {pmid31850605,
year = {2019},
author = {Popovic, I and Riginos, C},
title = {Comparative genomics reveals divergent thermal selection in warm- and cold-tolerant marine mussels.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/mec.15339},
pmid = {31850605},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {RF216-11//Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS) National Taxonomy Research Grant/ ; //National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; //Society for the Study of Evolution/ ; //University of Queensland/ ; },
abstract = {Investigating the history of natural selection among closely related species can elucidate how genomes diverge in response to disparate environmental pressures. Molecular evolutionary approaches can be integrated with knowledge of gene functions to examine how evolutionary divergence may affect ecologically relevant traits such as temperature tolerance and species distribution limits. Here, we integrate transcriptome-wide analyses of molecular evolution with knowledge from physiological studies to develop hypotheses regarding the functional classes of genes under positive selection in one of the world's most widespread invasive species, the warm-tolerant marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Based on existing physiological information, we test the hypothesis that genomic functions previously linked to divergent temperature adaptation at the whole-organism level show accelerated molecular divergence between warm-adapted M. galloprovincialis and cold-adapted congeners. Combined results from codon model tests and analyses of polymorphism and divergence reveal that divergent selection has affected genomic functions previously associated with species-specific expression responses to heat stress, namely oxidative stress defence and cytoskeletal stabilization. Examining specific loci implicated in thermal tolerance among Mytilus species (based on interspecific biochemical or expression patterns), we find close functional similarities between known thermotolerance candidate genes under positive selection and positively selected loci under predicted genomic functions (those associated with divergent expression responses). Taken together, our findings suggest a contribution of temperature-dependent selection in the molecular divergence between warm- and cold-adapted Mytilus species that is largely consistent with results from physiological studies. More broadly, this study provides an example of how independent experimental evidence from ecophysiological investigations can inform evolutionary hypotheses about molecular adaptation in closely related nonmodel species.},
}

@article {pmid31850072,
year = {2019},
author = {Selechnik, D and Richardson, MF and Shine, R and DeVore, JL and Ducatez, S and Rollins, LA},
title = {Increased Adaptive Variation Despite Reduced Overall Genetic Diversity in a Rapidly Adapting Invader.},
journal = {Frontiers in genetics},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {1221},
pmid = {31850072},
issn = {1664-8021},
abstract = {Invasive species often evolve rapidly following introduction despite genetic bottlenecks that may result from small numbers of founders; however, some invasions may not fit this "genetic paradox". The invasive cane toad (Rhinella marina) displays high phenotypic variation across its introduced Australian range. Here, we used three genome-wide datasets to characterize their population structure and genetic diversity. We found that toads form three genetic clusters: 1) native range toads, 2) toads from the source population in Hawaii and long-established areas near introduction sites in Australia, and 3) toads from more recently established northern Australian sites. Although we find an overall reduction in genetic diversity following introduction, we do not see this reduction in loci putatively under selection, suggesting that genetic diversity may have been maintained at ecologically relevant traits, or that mutation rates were high enough to maintain adaptive potential. Nonetheless, toads encounter novel environmental challenges in Australia, and the transition between genetic clusters occurs at a point along the invasion transect where temperature rises and rainfall decreases. We identify environmentally associated loci known to be involved in resistance to heat and dehydration. This study highlights that natural selection occurs rapidly and plays a vital role in shaping the structure of invasive populations.},
}

@article {pmid31850008,
year = {2019},
author = {Shang, L and Li, LF and Song, ZP and Wang, Y and Yang, J and Wang, CC and Qiu, SY and Huang, JX and Nie, M and Wolfe, LM and Li, B},
title = {High Genetic Diversity With Weak Phylogeographic Structure of the Invasive Spartina alterniflora (Poaceae) in China.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {1467},
pmid = {31850008},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Biological invasion represents a global issue of concern due to its large negative impacts on native ecosystems and society. Elucidating the evolutionary history and genetic basis underpinning invasiveness is critical to understanding how alien species invade and adapt to novel environments. Smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora, 2n = 6x = 62) is a notorious invasive species that causes heavily negative effects on native ecosystems worldwide. Here we addressed the evolutionary mechanisms underlying the invasion and dispersal history of this species along the China coast in the past decades. We employed nine microsatellites and three chloroplast fragments to investigate phylogeographic structure and genetic diversity of 11 native US and 11 invasive Chinese S. alterniflora populations. Demographic history simulation was also performed for both the native and invasive populations, respectively. Comparative genetic analyses of these natural populations revealed that although all the Chinese populations were introduced only once, high level of genetic diversity with weak geographic structure was observed. In particular, both the genetic features and mathematical simulation illustrated very recent population expansion in the Chinese populations. We found that genetic variants identified in native US populations were mixed in the Chinese populations, suggesting the recombination of these original variants during the invasion process. These genetic attributes indicate that Chinese populations might not have experienced a genetic bottleneck during the invasion process. High genetic diversity and genetic admixture might have contributed to the success of invasion of S. alterniflora in China. Our study provides a framework of how the smooth cordgrass spreads along the China coast as well as its potential genetic mechanisms underlying the invasion.},
}

@article {pmid31847764,
year = {2019},
author = {Wedell, N and Price, TAR and Lindholm, AK},
title = {Gene drive: progress and prospects.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {286},
number = {1917},
pages = {20192709},
pmid = {31847764},
issn = {1471-2954},
abstract = {Gene drive is a naturally occurring phenomenon in which selfish genetic elements manipulate gametogenesis and reproduction to increase their own transmission to the next generation. Currently, there is great excitement about the potential of harnessing such systems to control major pest and vector populations. If synthetic gene drive systems can be constructed and applied to key species, they may be able to rapidly spread either modifying or eliminating the targeted populations. This approach has been lauded as a revolutionary and efficient mechanism to control insect-borne diseases and crop pests. Driving endosymbionts have already been deployed to combat the transmission of dengue and Zika virus in mosquitoes. However, there are a variety of barriers to successfully implementing gene drive techniques in wild populations. There is a risk that targeted organisms will rapidly evolve an ability to suppress the synthetic drive system, rendering it ineffective. There are also potential risks of synthetic gene drivers invading non-target species or populations. This Special Feature covers the current state of affairs regarding both natural and synthetic gene drive systems with the aim to identify knowledge gaps. By understanding how natural drive systems spread through populations, we may be able to better predict the outcomes of synthetic drive release.},
}

@article {pmid31844898,
year = {2019},
author = {Macquarrie, CJK and Gray, M and Lavallée, R and Noseworthy, MK and Savard, M and Humble, LM},
title = {Assessment of the Systems Approach for the Phytosanitary Treatment of Wood Infested With Wood-Boring Insects.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toz331},
pmid = {31844898},
issn = {1938-291X},
abstract = {Addressing the risk from pests present in wood and wood products destined for international trade is an essential step towards minimizing the movement, introduction and establishment of invasive species. One method of managing the pest risk associated with wood commodities is the use of a systems approach that incorporates multiple independent measures applied along a production pathway. However, quantifying the reduction of risk can be difficult because the approach requires raw material infested with the pest of interest at a sufficient density to be able to quantify changes in pest abundance. We tested a systems approach for the production of sawn wood using green ash, Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall (Lamiales: Oleaceae), infested with emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), by quantifying the change in pest density during the milling process and the precise effect of heat treatment on insects in situ. Greater than 90% of emerald ash borer were removed at the first step of the milling process (debarking) and >99% were removed before the production of green sawn wood. No insects survived kilning or heat treatment. All life stages of emerald ash borer were killed at 56°C and above. Heat, however, had no sublethal effect on emerald ash borer performance. These results show that the application of a systems approach to mitigate emerald ash borer in heat-treated, sawn wood is effective. Moreover, the model-system approach developed in this study can be a template for investigating the effect of systems approaches for other phloem-feeding insects.},
}

@article {pmid31844565,
year = {2019},
author = {Bomanowska, A and Adamowski, W and Kirpluk, I and Otręba, A and Rewicz, A},
title = {Invasive alien plants in Polish national parks-threats to species diversity.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {7},
number = {},
pages = {e8034},
pmid = {31844565},
issn = {2167-8359},
abstract = {Due to the relevance of protected areas to the conservation of native biota, the magnitude of invasions and threats posed by alien plants are currently important issues for the preservation of these areas. The paper summarises data on invasive alien plant species presence in the most valuable protected areas in Poland, i.e. national parks (NPs). We investigated the distribution of invasive alien plant species and management attempts concerning those species. We analysed data obtained from 23 national parks originating from published and unpublished sources. Invasive plants were present in all protected areas analysed, from two to 42 species in a particular national park, and 68 in total. The most widely distributed species were: Impatiens parviflora (present in 19 NPs), I. glandulifera (17), Solidago gigantea (17), Reynoutria japonica (17), and Robinia pseudoacacia (16). The conducted analyses showed that the number of invasive species decreased with the higher altitude (asl) of the national park. The most often managed species were Impatiens glandulifera (being removed in seven NPs), I. parviflora (six), Padus serotina (four) and Quercus rubra (four). In the majority of NPs, control activities are limited to small areas and singular species, thus having an incidental character. Only in five objects (Białowieża NP, Biebrza NP, Kampinos NP, Tuchola NP, Wigry NP), management has been focused on several species. We conclude that a lack of comprehensive management of invasive plant species in the majority of national parks currently limits the effectiveness of IAS (invasive alien species) eradication. Exchange of expertise among protected areas, documenting best practice examples, synthesising lessons learnt in IAS management, as well as the development of minimum standards for invasive plants surveillance and management are pivotal.},
}

@article {pmid31842356,
year = {2019},
author = {Gallego-Tévar, B and Grewell, BJ and Drenovsky, RE and Castillo, JM},
title = {Transgressivity in Key Functional Traits Rather Than Phenotypic Plasticity Promotes Stress Tolerance in A Hybrid Cordgrass.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {8},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/plants8120594},
pmid = {31842356},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {58-2030-6-043-F//U.S. Department of Agriculture/ ; Plan Propio de Investigación//Universidad de Sevilla/ ; },
abstract = {Hybridization might promote offspring fitness via a greater tolerance to environmental stressors due to heterosis and higher levels of phenotypic plasticity. Thus, analyzing the phenotypic expression of hybrids provides an opportunity to elucidate further plant responses to environmental stress. In the case of coastal salt marshes, sea level rise subjects hybrids, and their parents, to longer tidal submergence and higher salinity. We analyzed the phenotypic expression patterns in the hybrid Spartina densiflora x foliosa relative to its parental species, native S. foliosa, and invasive S. densiflora, from the San Francisco Estuary when exposed to contrasting salinities and inundations in a mesocosm experiment. 37% of the recorded traits displayed no variability among parents and hybrids, 3% showed an additive inheritance, 37% showed mid-parent heterosis, 18% showed best-parent heterosis, and 5% presented worst-parent heterosis. Transgressivity, rather than phenotypic plasticity, in key functional traits of the hybrid, such as tiller height, conveyed greater stress tolerance to the hybrid when compared to the tolerance of its parents. As parental trait variability increased, phenotypic transgressivity of the hybrid increased and it was more important in response to inundation than salinity. Increases in salinity and inundation associated with sea level rise will amplify the superiority of the hybrid over its parental species. These results provide evidence of transgressive traits as an underlying source of adaptive variation that can facilitate plant invasions. The adaptive evolutionary process of hybridization is thought to support an increased invasiveness of plant species and their rapid evolution.},
}

@article {pmid31842272,
year = {2019},
author = {Szilassi, P and Szatmári, G and Pásztor, L and Árvai, M and Szatmári, J and Szitár, K and Papp, L},
title = {Understanding the Environmental Background of an Invasive Plant Species (Asclepias syriaca) for the Future: An Application of LUCAS Field Photographs and Machine Learning Algorithm Methods.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {8},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/plants8120593},
pmid = {31842272},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {For developing global strategies against the dramatic spread of invasive species, we need to identify the geographical, environmental, and socioeconomic factors determining the spatial distribution of invasive species. In our study, we investigated these factors influencing the occurrences of common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.), an invasive plant species that is of great concern to the European Union (EU). In a Hungarian study area, we used country-scale soil and climate databases, as well as an EU-scale land cover databases (CORINE) for the analyses. For the abundance data of A. syriaca, we applied the field survey photos from the Land Use and Coverage Area Frame Survey (LUCAS) Land Cover database for the European Union. With machine learning algorithm methods, we quantified the relative weight of the environmental variables on the abundance of common milkweed. According to our findings, soil texture and soil type (sandy soils) were the most important variables determining the occurrence of this species. We could exactly identify the actual land cover types and the recent land cover changes that have a significant role in the occurrence the common milkweed in Europe. We could also show the role of climatic conditions of the study area in the occurrence of this species, and we could prepare the potential distribution map of common milkweed for the study area.},
}

@article {pmid31837878,
year = {2019},
author = {Sinclair, JS and Reisinger, AJ and Bean, E and Adams, CR and Reisinger, LS and Iannone, BV},
title = {Stormwater ponds: An overlooked but plentiful urban designer ecosystem provides invasive plant habitat in a subtropical region (Florida, USA).},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {135133},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135133},
pmid = {31837878},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Designed ecosystems are built as part of ongoing urban expansion, providing a suite of valued ecosystem services. However, these new ecosystems could also promote disservices by facilitating the colonization and spread of invasive species. We conduct the first assessment of the quantity and invasion of an overlooked designed ecosystem: stormwater ponds. These ponds are commonly recommended for managing urban hydrology, but little is known about their ecology or extent of proliferation. Using a broad-scale survey of pond coverage in Florida, USA, we found that over 76,000 stormwater ponds have been built just in this state, forming 2.7% of total urban land cover. This extensive pondscape of manufactured habitats could facilitate species spread throughout urban areas and into nearby natural waterbodies. We also conducted a survey of the severity of plant invasion in 30 ponds in Gainesville, FL, US across two pond types (dry vs. wet), and a gradient of management intensities (low, medium, high) and pond ages. We unexpectedly found a high number of invasive plant species (28 in just 30 ponds). Ninety-six percent of surveyed ponds contained from one to ten of these species, with ponds exhibiting high turnover in invader composition (i.e., high beta diversity). The bank sections of dry unmanaged ponds exhibited the highest mean invasive species richness (5.8 ± 1.3) and the inundated centers of wet medium managed ponds exhibited the highest mean invasive species cover (34 ± 12%). Invasive plant richness and cover also tended to be greater in dry ponds with higher soil nutrient levels, and in older wet ponds. Therefore, we found that highly maintained and younger wet ponds were the least invaded. Nevertheless, common management practices that limit plant invasions may also limit native species establishment and invasion may increase in the decades following pond construction.},
}

@article {pmid31836226,
year = {2020},
author = {García-Gómez, JC and Sempere-Valverde, J and González, AR and Martínez-Chacón, M and Olaya-Ponzone, L and Sánchez-Moyano, E and Ostalé-Valriberas, E and Megina, C},
title = {From exotic to invasive in record time: The extreme impact of Rugulopteryx okamurae (Dictyotales, Ochrophyta) in the strait of Gibraltar.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {704},
number = {},
pages = {135408},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135408},
pmid = {31836226},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {In 2015, the exotic seaweed Rugulopteryx okamurae was detected for the first time on the south side of the Strait of Gibraltar, in Ceuta (northern Africa). This highly sensitive area is ideal for monitoring local environmental impacts arising from global warming, as well as the intrusion of alien species. Within one year, R. okamurae became an invasive species with an overflowing competitive capacity and growth. In 2015, more than 5000 tons of upstream biomass was extracted from beaches in Ceuta, and it has since spread irrepressibly on rocky illuminated bottoms of the subtidal zone to a maximum observed depth of 40 m. The highest coverage (80-90%) of R. okamurae in Ceuta was observed between 10 and 20 m depth in illuminated habitats, where it was having a severe impact on local benthic communities which were displaced. Between 5 and 30 m depth, coverage of R. okamurae exceeded 70% over a wide variety of substrate types. A submarine sentinel sessile bioindicators permanent quadrats (SBPQ) station installed in 2013 on poorly lit, vertical, and shady substrate in the El Estrecho Natural Park, on the north side of the Strait of Gibraltar (Tarifa), detected the presence of R. okamurae in July 2016 and recorded the subsequent increase in coverage. These findings reveal the useful role of this type of monitoring SBPQ sentinel station for the detection of impacts and exotic species in marine protected areas, and for the monitoring of global warming based on indicator species. We conclude that the catastrophic bloom of R. okamurae exhibited an initial geographical expansion (2015-2017) to the northern coastal area of the Strait of Gibraltar (Tarifa-Gibraltar) and subsequent extension in the south of the Iberian Peninsula, towards the Atlantic coast (2018) and the Mediterranean coast (2019). This bloom could have been associated with the temperature peak in July 2015 and was thus possibly linked to global warming.},
}

@article {pmid31835670,
year = {2019},
author = {Johnson, PJ and Adams, VM and Armstrong, DP and Baker, SE and Biggs, D and Boitani, L and Cotterill, A and Dale, E and O'Donnell, H and Douglas, DJT and Droge, E and Ewen, JG and Feber, RE and Genovesi, P and Hambler, C and Harmsen, BJ and Harrington, LA and Hinks, A and Hughes, J and Katsis, L and Loveridge, A and Moehrenschlager, A and O'Kane, C and Pierre, M and Redpath, S and Sibanda, L and Soorae, P and Stanley Price, M and Tyrrell, P and Zimmermann, A and Dickman, A},
title = {Consequences Matter: Compassion in Conservation Means Caring for Individuals, Populations and Species.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {9},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {31835670},
issn = {2076-2615},
abstract = {Human activity affecting the welfare of wild vertebrates, widely accepted to be sentient, and therefore deserving of moral concern, is widespread. A variety of motives lead to the killing of individual wild animals. These include to provide food, to protect stock and other human interests, and also for sport. The acceptability of such killing is widely believed to vary with the motive and method. Individual vertebrates are also killed by conservationists. Whether securing conservation goals is an adequate reason for such killing has recently been challenged. Conventional conservation practice has tended to prioritise ecological collectives, such as populations and species, when their interests conflict with those of individuals. Supporters of the 'Compassionate Conservation' movement argue both that conservationists have neglected animal welfare when such conflicts arise and that no killing for conservation is justified. We counter that conservationists increasingly seek to adhere to high standards of welfare, and that the extreme position advocated by some supporters of 'Compassionate Conservation', rooted in virtue ethics, would, if widely accepted, lead to considerable negative effects for conservation. Conservation practice cannot afford to neglect consequences. Moreover, the do-no-harm maxim does not always lead to better outcomes for animal welfare.},
}

@article {pmid31834631,
year = {2019},
author = {Liu, W and Zhang, Y and Chen, X and Maung-Douglass, K and Strong, DR and Pennings, SC},
title = {Contrasting plant adaptation strategies to latitude in the native and invasive range of Spartina alterniflora.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.16371},
pmid = {31834631},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {31770464//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31470485//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 41276078//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 20720150097//Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities/ ; OCE 12-37140//US National Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions offer model systems of contemporary evolution. We examined trait differences and evolution across geographic clines among continents of the intertidal grass Spartina alterniflora within its invasive and native ranges. We sampled vegetative and reproductive traits in the field at 20 sites over 20° latitude in China (invasive range) and 28 sites over 17° in the US (native range). We grew both Chinese and US plants in a glasshouse common garden for 3 yr. Chinese plants were c. 15% taller, c. 10% denser, and set up to four times more seed than US plants in both the field and common garden. The common garden experiments showed a striking genetic cline of seven-fold greater seed set at higher latitudes in the introduced but not the native range. By contrast, there was a slight genetic cline in some vegetative traits in the native but not the introduced range. Our results are consistent with others showing that introduced plants can evolve rapidly in the new range. S. alterniflora has evolved different trait clines in the native and introduced ranges, showing the importance of phenotypic plasticity and genetic control of change during the invasion process.},
}

@article {pmid31834491,
year = {2019},
author = {Zittra, C and Schoener, ER and Wagner, R and Heddergott, M and Duscher, GG and Fuehrer, HP},
title = {Unnoticed arrival of two dipteran species in Austria: the synanthropic moth fly Clogmia albipunctata (Williston, 1893) and the parasitic bird louse fly Ornithoica turdi (Olivier in Latreille, 1811).},
journal = {Parasitology research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00436-019-06563-9},
pmid = {31834491},
issn = {1432-1955},
abstract = {In the framework of a mosquito-monitoring program conducted from 2014 to 2018, non-culicid dipteran bycatch was identified to species-level with a focus on Diptera of medical and veterinary importance as part of a biodiversity initiative and barcoding project ("Austrian Barcode of Life"). Two species hitherto not known from Austria, the regularly sampled synanthropic moth fly Clogmia albipunctata (Psychodidae) and a single specimen of the louse fly Ornithoica turdi (Hippoboscidae), were collected in Vienna and Lower Austria. We confirmed identification results using a barcoding approach and provide the first reference sequence for O. turdi.},
}

@article {pmid31833135,
year = {2019},
author = {Lennox, RJ and Bravener, GA and Lin, HY and Madenjian, CP and Muir, AM and Remucal, CK and Robinson, KF and Rous, AM and Siefkes, MJ and Wilkie, MP and Zielinski, DP and Cooke, SJ},
title = {Potential changes to the biology and challenges to the management of invasive sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus in the Laurentian Great Lakes due to climate change.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.14957},
pmid = {31833135},
issn = {1365-2486},
abstract = {Control programs are implemented to mitigate the damage caused by invasive species worldwide. In the highly invaded Great Lakes, the climate is expected to become warmer with more extreme weather and variable precipitation, resulting in shorter iced-over periods and variable tributary flows as well as changes to pH and river hydrology and hydrogeomorphology. We review how climate change influences physiology, behaviour, and demography of a highly damaging invasive species, sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), in the Great Lakes, and the consequences for sea lamprey control efforts. Sea lamprey control relies on surveys to monitor abundance of larval sea lamprey in Great Lakes tributaries. The abundance of parasitic, juvenile sea lampreys in the lakes are calculated by surveying wounding rates on lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), and trap surveys are used to enumerate adult spawning runs. Chemical control using lampricides (i.e. lamprey pesticides) to target larval sea lamprey, plus barriers to prevent adult lamprey from reaching spawning grounds are the most important tools used for sea lamprey population control. We describe how climate change could affect larval survival in rivers, growth and maturation in lakes, phenology and the spawning migration as adults return to rivers, and the overall abundance and distribution of sea lamprey in the Great Lakes. Our review suggests that Great Lakes sea lamprey may l benefit from climate change with longer growing seasons, more rapid growth, and greater access to spawning habitat, but uncertainties remain about the future availability and suitability of larval habitats. Consideration of the biology of invasive species and adaptation of the timing, intensity and frequency of control efforts are critical to the management of biological invasions in a changing world, such as sea lamprey in the Great Lakes.},
}

@article {pmid31832194,
year = {2019},
author = {Hepditch, SLJ and Tessier, LR and Wilson, JM and Birceanu, O and O'Connor, LM and Wilkie, MP},
title = {Mitigation of lampricide toxicity to juvenile lake sturgeon: the importance of water alkalinity and life stage.},
journal = {Conservation physiology},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {coz089},
pmid = {31832194},
issn = {2051-1434},
abstract = {The pesticide, 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM), is used to control invasive sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) populations in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Applied to infested tributaries, it is most toxic to larval sea lamprey, which have a low capacity to detoxify TFM. However, TFM can be toxic to lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), whose populations are at risk throughout the basin. They are most vulnerable to TFM in early life stages, with the greatest risk of non-target mortality occurring in waters with high alkalinity. We quantified TFM toxicity and used radio-labelled TFM (14C-TFM) to measure TFM uptake rates in lake sturgeon in waters of different pH and alkalinity. Regardless of pH or alkalinity, TFM uptake was 2-3-fold higher in young-of-the-year (YOY) than in age 1-year-plus (1+) sturgeon, likely due to higher mass-specific metabolic rates in the smaller YOY fish. As expected, TFM uptake was highest at lower (pH 6.5) versus higher (pH 9.0) pH, indicating that it is taken up across the gills by diffusion in its unionized form. Uptake decreased as alkalinity increased from low (~50 mg L-1 as CaCO3) to moderate alkalinity (~150 mg L-1 as CaCO3), before plateauing at high alkalinity (~250 mg L-1 as CaCO3). Toxicity curves revealed that the 12-h LC50 and 12-h LC99.9 of TFM to lake sturgeon were in fact higher (less toxic) than in sea lamprey, regardless of alkalinity. However, in actual treatments, 1.3-1.5 times the minimum lethal TFM concentration (MLC = LC99.9) to lamprey is applied to maximize mortality, disproportionately amplifying TFM toxicity to sturgeon at higher alkalinities. We conclude that limiting TFM treatments to late summer/early fall in waters of moderate-high alkalinity, when lake sturgeon are larger with lower rates of TFM uptake, would mitigate non-target TFM effects and help conserve populations of these ancient, culturally important fishes.},
}

@article {pmid31832155,
year = {2019},
author = {Mech, AM and Thomas, KA and Marsico, TD and Herms, DA and Allen, CR and Ayres, MP and Gandhi, KJK and Gurevitch, J and Havill, NP and Hufbauer, RA and Liebhold, AM and Raffa, KF and Schulz, AN and Uden, DR and Tobin, PC},
title = {Evolutionary history predicts high-impact invasions by herbivorous insects.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {9},
number = {21},
pages = {12216-12230},
pmid = {31832155},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {A long-standing goal of invasion biology is to identify factors driving highly variable impacts of non-native species. Although hypotheses exist that emphasize the role of evolutionary history (e.g., enemy release hypothesis & defense-free space hypothesis), predicting the impact of non-native herbivorous insects has eluded scientists for over a century.Using a census of all 58 non-native conifer-specialist insects in North America, we quantified the contribution of over 25 factors that could affect the impact they have on their novel hosts, including insect traits (fecundity, voltinism, native range, etc.), host traits (shade tolerance, growth rate, wood density, etc.), and evolutionary relationships (between native and novel hosts and insects).We discovered that divergence times between native and novel hosts, the shade and drought tolerance of the novel host, and the presence of a coevolved congener on a shared host, were more predictive of impact than the traits of the invading insect. These factors built upon each other to strengthen our ability to predict the risk of a non-native insect becoming invasive. This research is the first to empirically support historically assumed hypotheses about the importance of evolutionary history as a major driver of impact of non-native herbivorous insects.Our novel, integrated model predicts whether a non-native insect not yet present in North America will have a one in 6.5 to a one in 2,858 chance of causing widespread mortality of a conifer species if established (R2 = 0.91) Synthesis and applications. With this advancement, the risk to other conifer host species and regions can be assessed, and regulatory and pest management efforts can be more efficiently prioritized.},
}

@article {pmid31828561,
year = {2020},
author = {Dawson Pell, FSE and Hatchwell, BJ and Ortega-Segalerva, A and Dawson, DA and Horsburgh, GJ and Senar, JC},
title = {Microsatellite characterisation and sex-typing in two invasive parakeet species, the monk parakeet Myiopsitta monachus and ring-necked parakeet Psittacula krameri.},
journal = {Molecular biology reports},
volume = {47},
number = {2},
pages = {1543-1550},
doi = {10.1007/s11033-019-05215-6},
pmid = {31828561},
issn = {1573-4978},
support = {NBAF1078//Natural Environment Research Council/ ; CGL-2016-79568-C3-3-P//Spanish Research Council (Ministry of Economics and Enterprise)/ ; },
abstract = {Invasive species can have wide-ranging negative impacts, and an understanding of the process and success of invasions can be vital to determine management strategies, mitigate impacts and predict range expansions of such species. Monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus) and ring-necked parakeets (Psittacula krameri) are both widespread invasive species, but there has been little research into the genetic and social structure of these two species despite the potential links with invasion success. The aim of this study was to isolate novel microsatellite loci from the monk parakeet and characterise them in both monk and ring-necked parakeets in order to facilitate future investigations into their behaviour and population ecology. Sex-typing markers were also tested in both species. Of the 20 microsatellite loci assessed in 24 unrelated monk parakeets, 16 successfully amplified and were polymorphic displaying between 2 and 14 alleles (mean = 8.06). Expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.43 to 0.93 and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.23 to 0.96. Nine of the 20 loci also successfully amplified and were polymorphic in the ring-necked parakeet, displaying between 2 and 10 alleles. Suitable markers to sex both species and a Z-linked microsatellite locus were identified. A multiplex marker set was validated for monk parakeets. These novel microsatellite loci will facilitate fine and broad-scale population genetic analyses of these two widespread invasive species.},
}

@article {pmid31827212,
year = {2019},
author = {Tang, F and Aldridge, DC},
title = {Microcapsulated biocides for the targeted control of invasive bivalves.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {18787},
pmid = {31827212},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {PGSD3-489940-2016//Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology)/ ; },
abstract = {Invasive alien species (IAS) are one of the greatest drivers of ecological change. Typically, control uses chemical agents that often are ineffective, harmful to non-target organisms, and environmentally persistent. Bivalves are frequently high impact IAS, but have proven particularly hard to control due to their valve-closing response when exposed to conventional control agents. Microencapsulation of biocides with edible coatings represents a highly targeted delivery route, bypassing avoidance responses and accumulating in bivalves through their prodigious filter feeding. Uneaten microcapsules degrade and become biologically inactive within hours thus reducing potential impacts on non-target biota. We manufactured two new formulations of microcapsules (BioBullets). Particles were designed to mimic natural food particles (algae) in terms of size (9.5 ± 0.5 to 19.4 ± 1.3 SE µm diameter), buoyancy (near neutral) and shape (spherical). Laboratory exposures demonstrated that two formulations effectively controlled the Gulf wedge clam Rangia cuneata, an IAS currently spreading rapidly through Europe. A single dose of 2-6 mg L-1 of the active ingredient in a static system achieved 90% mortality after 30 days of exposure. Microencapsulation offers an effective and targeted management tool for rapid responses following the early detection of both Gulf wedge clams and many other filter-feeding IAS, and may be especially effective in closed systems or where populations remain very localised.},
}

@article {pmid31824337,
year = {2019},
author = {Javal, M and Thomas, S and Lehmann, P and Barton, MG and Conlong, DE and Du Plessis, A and Terblanche, JS},
title = {The Effect of Oxygen Limitation on a Xylophagous Insect's Heat Tolerance Is Influenced by Life-Stage Through Variation in Aerobic Scope and Respiratory Anatomy.},
journal = {Frontiers in physiology},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {1426},
pmid = {31824337},
issn = {1664-042X},
abstract = {Temperature has a profound impact on insect fitness and performance via metabolic, enzymatic or chemical reaction rate effects. However, oxygen availability can interact with these thermal responses in complex and often poorly understood ways, especially in hypoxia-adapted species. Here we test the hypothesis that thermal limits are reduced under low oxygen availability - such as might happen when key life-stages reside within plants - but also extend this test to attempt to explain that the magnitude of the effect of hypoxia depends on variation in key respiration-related parameters such as aerobic scope and respiratory morphology. Using two life-stages of a xylophagous cerambycid beetle, Cacosceles (Zelogenes) newmannii we assessed oxygen-limitation effects on metabolic performance and thermal limits. We complement these physiological assessments with high-resolution 3D (micro-computed tomography scan) morphometry in both life-stages. Results showed that although larvae and adults have similar critical thermal maxima (CTmax) under normoxia, hypoxia reduces metabolic rate in adults to a greater extent than it does in larvae, thus reducing aerobic scope in the former far more markedly. In separate experiments, we also show that adults defend a tracheal oxygen (critical) setpoint more consistently than do larvae, indicated by switching between discontinuous gas exchange cycles (DGC) and continuous respiratory patterns under experimentally manipulated oxygen levels. These effects can be explained by the fact that the volume of respiratory anatomy is positively correlated with body mass in adults but is apparently size-invariant in larvae. Thus, the two life-stages of C. newmannii display key differences in respiratory structure and function that can explain the magnitude of the effect of hypoxia on upper thermal limits.},
}

@article {pmid31823024,
year = {2019},
author = {Fetter, D and Dörr, DS and Moraes, JAR and Putzke, J and Lobo, EA},
title = {Methodology proposed for photogrammetric monitoring of the exotic species Hovenia dulcis Thunb. in the Green Belt area surrounding the city of Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {192},
number = {1},
pages = {26},
pmid = {31823024},
issn = {1573-2959},
mesh = {Brazil ; Environmental Monitoring/*methods ; *Introduced Species ; *Photogrammetry ; *Plant Dispersal ; Rhamnaceae/*physiology ; },
abstract = {The spread of the exotic species Hovenia dulcis known as Japanese raisin tree, coming from Asia, detected in a protected area of 465.0 ha surrounding the city of Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil, named "Green Belt." In this context, this research aimed at developing an aerial monitoring system able to identify and quantify the extension in the Green Belt area that this species invaded, as well as describing the impacts caused on the local forest community. We collected data from an ultralight Flyer GT aircraft equipped with a vertical camera. The images were taking in June and July 2015, when H. dulcis trees have shed their leaves, displaying a gray color, and September and October 2015, when the leaves are young and with a light green color. Based on the methodology proposed trough aerial monitoring by photogrammetry, the results indicated that the total invaded area by H. dulcis in the Green Belt of Santa Cruz do Sul County, RS, was 131.8 ha, corresponding to 20.9% of the total area. To validate this method, a quantitative comparison between the result from a terrestrial fieldwork carried out and the proposed method showed no significant differences in the estimated area occupied by H. dulcis. We concluded that these results validate the proposed aerial assessment method.},
}

Brazil
Environmental Monitoring/*methods
*Introduced Species
*Photogrammetry
*Plant Dispersal
Rhamnaceae/*physiology

@article {pmid31822458,
year = {2019},
author = {Singh, S and Malhotra, S and Mukherjee, P and Mishra, R and Farooqi, F and Sharma, RS and Mishra, V},
title = {Peroxidases from an invasive Mesquite species for management and restoration of fertility of phenolic-contaminated soil.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {256},
number = {},
pages = {109908},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109908},
pmid = {31822458},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Phenolics drive the global economy, but they also pose threats to soil health and plant growth. Enzymes like peroxidase have the potential to remove the phenolic contaminants from the wastewater; however, their role in restoring soil health and improving plant growth has not yet been ascertained. We fractionated efficient peroxidases (MPx) from leaves of an invasive species of Mesquite, Prosopis juliflora, and demonstrated its superiority over horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in remediating phenol, 3-chlorophenol (3-CP), and a mixture of chlorophenols (CP-M), from contaminated soil. MPx removes phenolics over a broader range of pH (2.0-9.0) as compared with HRP (pH: 7.0-8.0). In soil, replacing H2O2 with CaO2 further increases the phenolic removal efficiency of MPx (≥90% of phenol, ≥ 70% of 3-CP, and ≥90% of CP-M). MPx maintains ~4-fold higher phenolic removal efficiency than purified HRP even in soils with extremely high contaminant concentration (2 g phenolics/kg of soil), which is desirable for environmental applications of enzymes for remediation. MPx treatment restores soil biological processes as evident by key enzymes of soil fertility viz. Acid- and alkaline-phosphatases, urease, and soil dehydrogenase, and improves potential biochemical fertility index of soil contaminated with phenolics. MPx treatment also assists the Vigna mungo test plant to overcome toxicant stress and grow healthy in contaminated soils. Optimization of MPx for application in the field environment would help both in the restoration of phenolic-contaminated soils and the management of invasive Mesquite.},
}

@article {pmid31822402,
year = {2019},
author = {Milardi, M and Soana, E and Chapman, D and Fano, EA and Castaldelli, G},
title = {Could a freshwater fish be at the root of dystrophic crises in a coastal lagoon?.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {135093},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135093},
pmid = {31822402},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Eutrophication has a profound impact on ecosystems worldwide. Grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella, an herbivorous fish, has been introduced to control aquatic plant overgrowth caused by eutrophication, but could have other, potentially detrimental, effects. We used the Po di Volano basin (south of the Po River delta, northern Italy) as a test case to explore whether grass carp effects on canal aquatic vegetation could be at the root of historical changes in N loads exported from the basin to the Goro Lagoon. We modeled the aquatic vegetation production and standing crop, its denitrification potential, and its consumption by introduced grass carp. We then examined whether changes in historical nitrogen loads matched the modeled losses of the drainage network denitrification function or other changes in agricultural practices. Our results indicate that introduced grass carp could completely remove submerged vegetation in the Po di Volano canal network, which could - in turn - lead to substantial loss of the denitrification function of the system, causing in an increase in downstream nitrogen loads. A corresponding increase, matching both timing and magnitude, was detected in historical nitrogen loads to the Goro Lagoon, which were significantly different before and after the time of modeled collapse of the denitrification function. This increase was not clearly linked to watershed use or agricultural practices, which implies that the loss of the denitrification function through grass carp overgrazing could be a likely explanation of the increase in downstream nitrogen loads. Perhaps for the first time, we provide evidence that a freshwater fish introduction could have caused long-lasting changes in nutrient dynamics that are exported downstream to areas where the fish is not present.},
}

@article {pmid31822305,
year = {2019},
author = {Mazza, G and Marraccini, D and Mori, E and Priori, S and Marianelli, L and Roversi, PF and Gargani, E},
title = {Assessment of color response and activity rhythms of the invasive black planthopper Ricania speculum (Walker, 1851) using sticky traps.},
journal = {Bulletin of entomological research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-7},
doi = {10.1017/S000748531900083X},
pmid = {31822305},
issn = {1475-2670},
abstract = {To be effective, management strategies of invasive alien species cannot ignore their spatiotemporal behavior particularly those exerting serious damages to human activities. The black planthopper Ricania speculum is an Asian insect that has been reported as an alien invasive species in Italy, where it threatens local plant diversity, including important crops. In our work, we analyzed the activity rhythms of this species through circular statistics and the efficiency of chromotropic traps to capture adult individuals. Captures were carried out in central Italy, where the black planthopper is showing a remarkable range expansion, after its first discovery in 2009. We observed that the species was mainly crepuscular, with a high intersexual activity overlap. Activity rhythms changed between July-August and September-October, with changing heliophany, but peaked at sunset and were the lowest in the second half of the night and early morning. The insects were mostly caught by green traps, particularly in September, which is the period of egg-laying inside the leaves; conversely, orange ones were avoided, and yellow ones captured proportionally to their local availability. Strategies for controlling this species should consider concentrating trapping effort during the activity peak, using green sticky traps to enhance the capture success of each trap, with the lowest impact over non-target species.},
}

@article {pmid31819974,
year = {2019},
author = {Kaspi, R and Steinitz, H and Nemny-Lavi, E and Lebedev, G and Melamed, E and Gazit, Y},
title = {Nontarget Host Risk Assessment of the Egg Parasitoid Trichogrammatoidea cryptophlebiae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) for Classical Biological Control of the False Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Israel.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toz327},
pmid = {31819974},
issn = {1938-291X},
abstract = {The false codling moth Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick), is an invasive species in Israel. In order to carry out a classical biological control program, the African egg parasitoid Trichogrammatoidea cryptophlebiae (Nagaraja) was recently introduced into Israel, and nontarget host risk assessment was performed as required. In no-choice tests we determined that T. cryptophlebiae was unable to develop in eggs of four nontarget Lepidopteran species: Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), Spodoptora littoralis (Boisduval), Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller), and Belenois aurota (Fabricius). Conversely, it developed in three Lepidopteran species eggs of the Tortricidae family: Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus), Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermüller), and Epiblema strenuana (Walker). Epiblema strenuana eggs showed the lowest parasitism level among all tested moth eggs of the Tortricidae family. The progeny production of parasitized false codling moth eggs was similar to that of C. pomonella eggs, but smaller than that of L. botrana eggs. However, moth egg and parasitoid clutch sizes were smallest on L. botrana eggs and largest on C. pomonella eggs. In choice bioassays, T. cryptophlebiae significantly preferred to parasitize T. leucotreta eggs over the eggs of C. pomonella, L. botrana, and E. strenuana. Moreover, the choice of T. leucotreta eggs over the eggs of L. botrana was not affected by the parasitoids' rearing histories. Our data support the assumption that T. cryptophlebiae develops only in moth species of the Tortricidae family. Thus, the risk that it may attack nontarget species is low.},
}

@article {pmid31818750,
year = {2019},
author = {Medellín-Castillo, NA and Cruz-Briano, SA and Leyva-Ramos, R and Moreno-Piraján, JC and Torres-Dosal, A and Giraldo-Gutiérrez, L and Labrada-Delgado, GJ and Pérez, RO and Rodriguez-Estupiñan, JP and Reyes Lopez, SY and Berber Mendoza, MS},
title = {Use of bone char prepared from an invasive species, pleco fish (Pterygoplichthys spp.), to remove fluoride and Cadmium(II) in water.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {256},
number = {},
pages = {109956},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109956},
pmid = {31818750},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {In this study, bone char (BC) from pleco fish (Pterygoplichthys spp.) was synthesized, and their textural and physicochemical properties, as well as its adsorption capacity towards fluoride and Cd(II) from single and binary aqueous solutions, were determined. The results showed that the properties of the BCs were independent of the type of bone used and the surface areas were close to 110 m2 g-1. The effect of solution pH revealed that the adsorption capacity of BC towards fluoride from water raised by decreasing the solution pH. This trend was attributed to the electrostatic interaction between the positively charged surface and the fluoride in aqueous solution. On the contrary, the capacity of BC for adsorbing Cd(II) was enhanced by increasing the solution pH, indicating that electrostatic interactions were also essential but with a contrary effect in comparison with fluoride adsorption due to the negatively charged surface at pH above the point zero charge (pHPZC = 8.16). The experimental data for binary adsorption of fluoride and Cd(II) were interpreted satisfactorily using the modified Freundlich multicomponent isotherm (EFMI), and the experimental data revealed that Cd(II) have an antagonistic effect on the adsorption of fluoride, whereas the presence of fluoride does not affect the capacity of BC for adsorbing Cd(II). Thermogravimetric, XRD diffraction and IR spectroscopy analysis corroborated that the adsorption of fluoride in BC is due to electrostatic attractions, ion exchange or chemisorption and physisorption. Besides, the removal of Cd(II) occurs by physical adsorption and ion exchange. It was concluded that BC is an alternative material for the removal of fluoride and Cd(II) from aqueous solutions, and it is a possible application for using the bones of this invasive fish species.},
}

@article {pmid31817571,
year = {2019},
author = {Ngondya, IB and Treydte, AC and Ndakidemi, PA and Munishi, LK},
title = {Can Cynodon dactylon Suppress the Growth and Development of the Invasive Weeds Tagetes minuta and Gutenbergia cordifolia?.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {8},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/plants8120576},
pmid = {31817571},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {02020811-048-4001-F01503-B02//The Government of Tanzania (GOT) through the Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST)/ ; },
abstract = {Approaches to managing invasive plants is challenging, particularly in protected areas where conventional methods, such as chemical herbicide applications are limited. We studied the effects of varying densities of Cynodon dactylon on the growth and development of the invasive weeds Tagetes minuta and Gutenbergia cordifolia in northern Tanzania. We conducted pot and field plot experiments following a completely randomized block design that was replicated three times. Increasing densities of C. dactylon significantly reduced growth, leaf total chlorophyll, biomass and significantly increased leaf anthocyanin of both T. minuta and G. cordifolia invasives. Our results further showed that the critical density of C. dactylon to suppress the two invasive species is ≥ 8 plants/m2. We suggest that C. dactylon can successfully be used as an alternative eco-friendly and sustainable approach for managing invasive weeds, such as T. minuta and G. cordifolia. This management technique can additionally improve forage production and biomass for wild and domestic herbivores in the affected areas.},
}

@article {pmid31814250,
year = {2019},
author = {Cunze, S and Kochmann, J and Klimpel, S},
title = {Global occurrence data improve potential distribution models for Aedes japonicus japonicus in non-native regions.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.5710},
pmid = {31814250},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG)/ ; 2819105115//German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL) through the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food (BLE)/ ; //Uniscientia Stiftung/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: There is great interest in modelling the distribution of invasive species, particularly from the point of view of management. However, distribution modelling for invasive species using ecological niche models (ENMs) involves multiple challenges. Owing to the short time span since the introduction or arrival of a non-indigenous species and the associated dispersal limitations, applying regular ENMs at an early stage of the invasion process may result in an underestimation of the potential niche in the new ranges. This topic is dealt with here using the example of Aedes japonicus japonicus, a vector competent mosquito species for a number of diseases.

RESULTS: We found high niche unfilling for the species' non-native range niches in Europe and North America compared with the native range niche, which can be explained by the early stage of the invasion process. Comparing four different ENMs based on: (i) the European and (ii) the North American non-native range occurrence data, (iii) (derived) native range occurrence data, and (iv) all available occurrence data together, we found large differences in the projected climatic suitability, with the global data model projecting larger areas with climatic suitability.

CONCLUSION: ENM in biological invasions can be challenging, especially when distribution data are only poorly available. We suggest one possible way to project climatic suitability for Aedes j. japonicus despite poor data availability for the non-native ranges and missing occurrences from the native range. We discuss aspects of the lack of information and the associated implications for modelling. © 2020 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.},
}

@article {pmid31814024,
year = {2019},
author = {Milosavljević, I and McCalla, KA and Morgan, DJW and Hoddle, MS},
title = {The Effects of Constant and Fluctuating Temperatures on Development of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae), the Asian Citrus Psyllid.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toz320},
pmid = {31814024},
issn = {1938-291X},
abstract = {The effects of six average daily temperatures, 15, 20, 25, 30, 32, and 35°C, that were either constant or fluctuating over 24 h on development times of California-sourced Diaphorina citri Kuwayama nymphs were examined. Thermal performance curves for immature stages of D. citri were characterized using one linear and six nonlinear models (i.e., Ratkowsky, Lobry-Rosso-Flandrois, Lactin-2, Brière-2, Beta, and Performance-2). Daily thermal fluctuations had significant effects on development times of D. citri nymphs, which differed across experimental temperatures. Diaphorina citri nymphs reared at constant temperatures completed development faster than those reared under fluctuating profiles with equivalent temperature means. Linear model estimates of degree-days required for completion of cumulative development of D. citri were 25% lower for constant temperatures when compared with fluctuating temperature regimens. Nonlinear model estimations of optimum developmental temperature and upper theoretical temperature bounds for development were similar for individuals reared under constant and fluctuating temperatures. Nevertheless, the estimated values of lower theoretical temperature limits above which development occurred were lower under fluctuating than constant temperatures. A meta-analysis of published D. citri temperature-dependent development literature, synthesizing datasets of five globally distributed populations (Brazil, California, China, Florida, and Japan) reared under different constant temperatures on six different host plants (i.e., Citrus limonia, C. sinensis cv Natal, C. sinensis cv. Pêra, C. reticulata, Fortunella margarita, and Murraya paniculata), together with the results of this study (C. volkameriana), revealed convergence in estimates of developmental parameters. These results have implications for predicting D. citri invasion and establishment risk and subsequent population performance across various climactic gradients and geographic regions.},
}

@article {pmid31812561,
year = {2020},
author = {Preston, CE and Agnello, AM and Vermeylen, F and Hajek, AE},
title = {Impact of Nosema maddoxi on the survival, development, and female fecundity of Halyomorpha halys.},
journal = {Journal of invertebrate pathology},
volume = {169},
number = {},
pages = {107303},
doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2019.107303},
pmid = {31812561},
issn = {1096-0805},
abstract = {Nosema maddoxi Becnel, Solter, Hajek, Huang, Sanscrainte, & Estep, a microsporidian species native to the United States, has been found infecting the invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål). Microsporidian infections in insects often shorten lifespans, decrease fecundity, prolong development, and stunt growth. This study was conducted to determine the impact of N. maddoxi on H. halys fitness. Adult females (2 doses) and nymphs (1 dose) drank suspensions of N. maddoxi spores to promote infection. Adult females receiving a high dose died faster than the controls. Nosema maddoxi infections impacted female egg production and egg viability at both doses compared with the controls. Infections were transmitted to 34.9% of adult males caged with infected females. As the number of days after inoculation increased, infection intensity (# spores found within an infected individual) for both adult treatments transitioned from low-intensity to high-intensity. Infected nymphs died significantly sooner than the controls. Of the treated nymphs, 55.9% died before molting into the fourth instar and only 26.5% eclosed to adults. Nymphal development rate and size were not impacted by N. maddoxi infection. These results indicate that N. maddoxi infection can negatively impact the lifespan of adult females, female fecundity, egg viability, and nymphal survival, which we hypothesize would negatively impact H. halys population densities.},
}

@article {pmid31812402,
year = {2019},
author = {Dong, X and Ju, T and Grenouillet, G and Laffaille, P and Lek, S and Liu, J},
title = {Spatial pattern and determinants of global invasion risk of an invasive species, sharpbelly Hemiculter leucisculus (Basilesky, 1855).},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {134661},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134661},
pmid = {31812402},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Invasive species have imposed huge negative impacts on worldwide aquatic ecosystems and are generally difficult or impossible to be eradicated once established. Consequently, it becomes particularly important to ascertain their invasion risk and its determinants since such information can help us formulate more effective preventive or management actions and direct these measures to those areas where they are truly needed so as to ease regulatory burdens. Here, we examined the global invasion risk and its determinants of sharpbelly (Hemiculter leucisculus), one freshwater fish which has a high invasive potential, by using species distribution models (SDMs) and a layer overlay method. Specifically, first an ensemble species distribution model and its basal models (developed from seven machine learning algorithms) were explored to forecast the global habitat-suitability and variables importance for this species, and then a global invasion risk map was created by combining habitat-suitability with a proxy for introduction likelihood (entailing propagule pressure and dispersal constraints) of exotic sharpbelly. The results revealed that (1) the ensemble model had the highest predictive power in forecasting sharpbelly's global habitat-suitability; (2) areas with high invasion risk by sharpbelly patchily spread over the world except Antarctica; and (3) the Human Influence Index (HII), rather than any of the bioclimatic variables, was the most important factor influencing sharpbelly' future invasion. Based on these results, the present study also attempted to propose a series of prevention and management strategies to eliminate or alleviate the adverse effects caused by this species' further expansion.},
}

@article {pmid31810695,
year = {2019},
author = {Ni, G and Zhao, P and Huang, Q and Zhu, L and Hou, Y and Yu, Y and Ye, Y and Ouyang, L},
title = {Mikania micrantha invasion enhances the carbon (C) transfer from plant to soil and mediates the soil C utilization through altering microbial community.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {135020},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135020},
pmid = {31810695},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Exotic plant invasion alters the structure and coverage of terrestrial vegetation and affects the carbon (C) stocks in ecosystems. Previous studies have shown the increases in the C stocks with increasing invasive plants, but these results remain contentious. Soil microbial communities are usually altered by plant invasion, which potentially influences the C cycling underground. We hypothesized that the plant invasion-caused dynamic changes in soil microbes would lead to the corresponding change in soil C accumulation. Using greenhouse experiments we simulated different invader intensities through varying the relative abundance of invasive species Mikania micrantha and its co-occurring native species Paederia scandens. By analyzing 13C-phospholipid fatty acid we found the invasive M. micrantha assimilated more 13C and transferred faster the fixed 13C through different tissues to soils, as compared to native P. scandens. Soil microbial components, i.e., i15:0, 16:0, 10Me16:0, 18:1w9c and 18:2w6,9 were mainly using the photo-assimilated 13C. In addition, we found a hump-shaped relationship between soil net 13C accumulate rate and rhizosphere microbial biomass, indicating that the soil C accumulation may be either enhanced or reduced in invaded ecosystems, depending on microbe abundance.},
}

@article {pmid31810685,
year = {2019},
author = {Xia, Z and Cao, X and Hoxha, T and Zhan, A and Haffner, GD and MacIsaac, HJ},
title = {Functional response and size-selective clearance of suspended matter by an invasive mussel.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {134679},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134679},
pmid = {31810685},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Filter feeding activities link suspension feeders with their environment and underpin their impact on aquatic ecosystems. Despite their ecological and economic impacts, the functional response and size-selective capture of suspended particulates have not been well documented for the golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei. Here we demonstrated that golden mussels had a type I functional response, with an attack rate a = 0.085 and negligible handling time (h). Clearance rate ranged between 72.6 ± 27.0 and 305.5 ± 105.9 mL ind.-1h-1 (Mean ± S.E.), depending on food concentrations, which exhibited an inverse relationship with clearance rate. Presence of golden mussels suppressed chlorophyll a concentration in experimental mesocosms, the extent of which was dependent on mussel abundance. Concentration of suspended particles in experimental mesocosms experienced a sharp initial decline across all size categories (≤1->50 μm), though with increased final concentration of large particles (>25 μm), indicating packaging and egestion by golden mussels of fine particles (down to ≤1 μm). Capture efficiency of quantitatively-dominant suspended matter (≤1-50 μm) by golden mussels was inversely related to particle size. Animal abundance, particle size, and their interaction (abundance × particle size) determined the extent to which matter was removed from the water column. Presently L. fortunei occurs primarily in the southern end of the central route of South to North Water Diversion Project (China), but the species is spreading north; we anticipate that impacts associated with filtering of L. fortunei will correspond with local population abundance along this gradient.},
}

@article {pmid31807930,
year = {2019},
author = {Sheehan, EV and Bridger, D and Nancollas, SJ and Pittman, SJ},
title = {PelagiCam: a novel underwater imaging system with computer vision for semi-automated monitoring of mobile marine fauna at offshore structures.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {192},
number = {1},
pages = {11},
pmid = {31807930},
issn = {1573-2959},
support = {NA//Offshore Shellfish Ltd/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Aquaculture ; Aquatic Organisms/*physiology ; Biodiversity ; Computers ; *Ecosystem ; England ; Environmental Monitoring/*instrumentation/*methods ; Fishes ; Marine Biology/*instrumentation/*methods ; *Video Recording/instrumentation ; },
abstract = {Engineered structures in the open ocean are becoming more frequent with the expansion of the marine renewable energy industry and offshore marine aquaculture. Floating engineered structures function as artificial patch reefs providing novel and relatively stable habitat structure not otherwise available in the pelagic water column. The enhanced physical structure can increase local biodiversity and benefit fisheries yet can also facilitate the spread of invasive species. Clear evidence of any ecological consequences will inform the design and placement of structures to either minimise negative impacts or enhance ecosystem restoration. The development of rapid, cost-effective and reliable remote underwater monitoring methods is crucial to supporting evidence-based decision-making by planning authorities and developers when assessing environmental risks and benefits of offshore structures. A novel, un-baited midwater video system, PelagiCam, with motion-detection software (MotionMeerkat) for semi-automated monitoring of mobile marine fauna, was developed and tested on the UK's largest offshore rope-cultured mussel farm in Lyme Bay, southwest England. PelagiCam recorded Atlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus), garfish (Belone belone) and two species of jellyfish (Chrysaora hysoscella and Rhizostoma pulmo) in open water close to the floating farm structure. The software successfully distinguished video frames where fishes were present versus absent. The PelagiCam system provides a cost-effective remote monitoring tool to streamline biological data acquisition in impact assessments of offshore floating structures. With the rise of sophisticated artificial intelligence for object recognition, the integration of computer vision techniques should receive more attention in marine ecology and has great potential to revolutionise marine biological monitoring.},
}

Animals
Aquaculture
Aquatic Organisms/*physiology
Biodiversity
Computers
*Ecosystem
England
Environmental Monitoring/*instrumentation/*methods
Fishes
Marine Biology/*instrumentation/*methods
*Video Recording/instrumentation

@article {pmid31805864,
year = {2019},
author = {Li, LH and Lv, S and Lu, Y and Bi, DQ and Guo, YH and Wu, JT and Yue, ZY and Mao, GY and Guo, ZX and Zhang, Y and Tang, YF},
title = {Spatial structure of the microbiome in the gut of Pomacea canaliculata.},
journal = {BMC microbiology},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {273},
pmid = {31805864},
issn = {1471-2180},
support = {2017FY101203//Special Foundation of Basic Science and Technology Resources Survey of Ministry of Science and Technology of China/ ; ZR201808150171//Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province/ ; 81902905//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; WSBKFKT-201804//Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education (CN)/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Gut microbes can contribute to their hosts in food digestion, nutrient absorption, and inhibiting the growth of pathogens. However, only limited studies have focused on the gut microbiota of freshwater snails. Pomacea canaliculata is considered one of the worst invasive alien species in the world. Elucidating the diversity and composition of the microbiota in the gut of P. canaliculata snails may be helpful for better understanding the widespread invasion of this snail species. In this study, the buccal masses, stomachs, and intestines were isolated from seven P. canaliculata snails. The diversity and composition of the microbiota in the three gut sections were then investigated based on high-throughput Illumina sequencing targeting the V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene.

RESULTS: The diversity of the microbiota was highest in the intestine but lowest in the buccal mass. A total of 29 phyla and 111 genera of bacteria were identified in all of the samples. In general, Ochrobactrum, a genus of putative cellulose-degrading bacteria, was the most abundant (overall relative abundance: 13.6%), followed by Sediminibacterium (9.7%), Desulfovibrio (7.8%), an unclassified genus in the family Aeromonadaceae (5.4%), and Cloacibacterium (5.4%). The composition of the microbiota was diverse among the different gut sections. Ochrobactrum (relative abundance: 23.15% ± 7.92%) and Sediminibacterium (16.95 ± 5.70%) were most abundant in the stomach, an unclassified genus in the family Porphyromonadaceae (14.28 ± 7.29%) and Leptotrichia (8.70 ± 4.46%) were highest in the buccal mass, and two genera in the families Aeromonadaceae (7.55 ± 4.53%) and Mollicutes (13.47 ± 13.03%) were highest in the intestine.

CONCLUSIONS: The diversity and composition of the microbiome vary among different gut sections of P. canaliculata snails. Putative cellulose-degrading bacteria are enriched in the gut of P. canaliculata.},
}

@article {pmid31805653,
year = {2019},
author = {Cowen, S and Clausen, L and Algar, D and Comer, S},
title = {Using Genetics to Evaluate the Success of a Feral Cat (Felis catus) Control Program in North-Western Australia.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {9},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {31805653},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {n/a//Fortescue Metals Group Limited/ ; },
abstract = {The feral cat has been implicated in the decline and extinction of many species worldwide and a range of strategies have been devised for its control. A five-year control program using the aerial broadcast of toxic Eradicat® baits was undertaken at Fortescue Marsh in the Pilbara region of north-western Australia, for the protection of biodiversity in this important wetland area. This program has been shown to have had a significant detrimental effect on cats in this landscape, but the long-term impact is difficult to ascertain. We assessed population genetics across three cohorts of feral cats sampled as part of the control program. We also compared cat populations in natural habitats and around human infrastructure. A key challenge in any study of wild animal populations is small sample sizes and feral cats are particularly difficult to capture and sample. The results of this study superficially appear to suggest promising trends but were limited by sample size and many were not statistically significant. We find that the use of genetic techniques to monitor the impact of invasive species control programs is potentially useful, but ensuring adequate sample sizes over a long enough time-frame will be critical to the success of such studies.},
}

@article {pmid31802430,
year = {2019},
author = {Schwoerer, T and Little, JM and Schmidt, JI and Borash, KW},
title = {Hitchhikers on floats to Arctic freshwater: Private aviation and recreation loss from aquatic invasion.},
journal = {Ambio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s13280-019-01295-7},
pmid = {31802430},
issn = {1654-7209},
support = {44907//Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund/ ; R/112-03//Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks/ ; },
abstract = {This study of aviation-related recreation loss shows that a survey primarily aimed at collecting information on invasive species' pathways can also be used to estimate changes in pathway-related ecosystem services. We present a case study for Elodea spp. (elodea), Alaska's first known aquatic invasive plant, by combining respondents' stated pre-invasion actual flights with stated post-invasion contingent behavior, plane operating costs, and site quality data. We asked pilots about the extent of continued flights should destinations become invaded and inhibit flight safety. We estimate a recreation demand model where the lost trip value to the average floatplane pilot whose destination is an elodea-invaded lake is US$185 (95 % CI $157, $211). Estimates of ecosystem damages incurred by private actors responsible for transmitting invaders can nudge actors to change behavior and inform adaptive ecosystem management. The policy and modeling implications of quantifying such damages and integration into more complex models are discussed.},
}

@article {pmid31801222,
year = {2019},
author = {Weißinger, L and Samuel, N and Breuer, M and Müller, C},
title = {Effects of Variety and Grape Berry Condition of Vitis vinifera on Preference Behavior and Performance of Drosophila suzukii.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {10},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/insects10120432},
pmid = {31801222},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {InvaProtect project INTERREG V Upper Rhine programme//European Regional Development Fund/ ; },
abstract = {Drosophila suzukii is an invasive fruit pest and represents a potential economic threat to viticulture. After first observations of D. suzukii in Europe in 2008, research mainly focused on the evaluation of the host range and infestation risk for fruit and berry crops. However, the risk assessment of D. suzukii in viticulture has only recently started. Understanding the factors influencing preferences of D. suzukii for host species and varieties as well as offspring performance is essential to improve management strategies. We investigated the field infestation of different grape varieties across Baden-Wuerttemberg, southwestern Germany, between 2015 and 2018. Moreover, we performed dual-choice assays in the laboratory to investigate whether adults show preferences for certain varieties and whether offspring performance differs between varieties. Furthermore, we studied the impact of grape damage on choice behavior. Field monitoring revealed that D. suzukii show preferences for red varieties, whereas almost no oviposition occurred in white varieties. The results of dual-choice assays confirmed that D. suzukii preference and performance are influenced by grape variety and that flies preferred damaged over intact "Pinot Noir", "Pinot Blanc", and "Müller-Thurgau" berries. Overall, these findings may have important implications for winegrowers regarding cultivated varieties, grape health, and insecticide reduction.},
}

@article {pmid31798966,
year = {2019},
author = {Agius, JE and Phalen, DN and Rose, K and Eden, JS},
title = {New insights into Sauropsid Papillomaviridae evolution and epizootiology: discovery of two novel papillomaviruses in native and invasive Island geckos.},
journal = {Virus evolution},
volume = {5},
number = {2},
pages = {vez051},
pmid = {31798966},
issn = {2057-1577},
abstract = {Papillomaviruses cause persistent infections in skin and mucosal membranes and, in at least one species, are also be able to infect a tissue of mesenchymal origin. Infections may either be subclinical or induce proliferative lesions. Of the known papillomaviruses, the majority that have been characterized are from humans and other mammals. Currently, only fifteen complete bird and reptile papillomavirus genomes have been described, and they have been found in birds (n = 11), turtles (n = 2), and snakes (n = 2). Using next-generation sequencing technologies and virus-specific PCR, we have identified two novel papillomavirus genomes, Hemidactylus frenatus Papillomavirus 1 and 2 (HfrePV1, HfrePV2), in the widely distributed and highly invasive Asian house gecko (H.frenatus) and mute gecko (Gehyra mutilata) on Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands. HfrePV1 was also detected in critically endangered Lister's geckos (Lepidodactylus listeri) in their captive breeding colony on Christmas Island. Tissue-containing virus included epidermis, oral mucosa, and liver (HfrePV1) and epidermis, liver, and colon (HfrePV2). Concurrent infections were found in both H.frenatus and G.mutilata. Invasive mourning geckos (Lepidodactylus lugubris) (n = 4), Sri Lankan house geckos (Hemidactylus parvimaculatus) (n = 3), flat-tailed house geckos (Hemidactylus platyurus) (n = 4) from the Cocos Islands, and blue-tailed skinks (Cryptoblepharus egeriae) (n = 10) from Christmas Island were also screened but were not found to be infected. The novel HfrePV1 and HfrePV2 genomes were 7,378 bp and 7,380 bp in length, respectively, and each contained the early (E1, E2, and E7), and late (L1 and L2) open-reading frames. Phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated E1, E2, and L1 proteins from both papillomaviruses revealed that they clustered with, but were basal to, the Sauropsida clade containing bird and reptile viruses. This study sheds light on the evolution of papillomaviruses and the distribution of pathogens in a highly invasive species impacting endangered populations of geckos.},
}

@article {pmid31796765,
year = {2019},
author = {Romanuk, TN and Binzer, A and Loeuille, N and Carscallen, WMA and Martinez, ND},
title = {Simulated evolution assembles more realistic food webs with more functionally similar species than invasion.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {18242},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-54443-0},
pmid = {31796765},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {While natural communities are assembled by both ecological and evolutionary processes, ecological assembly processes have been studied much more and are rarely compared with evolutionary assembly processes. We address these disparities here by comparing community food webs assembled by simulating introductions of species from regional pools of species and from speciation events. Compared to introductions of trophically dissimilar species assumed to be more typical of invasions, introducing species trophically similar to native species assumed to be more typical of sympatric or parapatric speciation events caused fewer extinctions and assembled more empirically realistic networks by introducing more persistent species with higher trophic generality, vulnerability, and enduring similarity to native species. Such events also increased niche overlap and the persistence of both native and introduced species. Contrary to much competition theory, these findings suggest that evolutionary and other processes that more tightly pack ecological niches contribute more to ecosystem structure and function than previously thought.},
}

@article {pmid31796760,
year = {2019},
author = {Christie, MR and Sepúlveda, MS and Dunlop, ES},
title = {Rapid resistance to pesticide control is predicted to evolve in an invasive fish.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {18157},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-54260-5},
pmid = {31796760},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {Xenobiotic resistance is commonly found in species with short generation times such as bacteria, annual plants, and insects. Nevertheless, the fundamental evolutionary principles that govern the spread of resistance alleles hold true for species with longer generation times. One such example could occur with sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), a parasitic invasive species in the Laurentian Great Lakes that decimated native fish populations prior to its control with the pesticide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM). Since the 1950s, tributaries have been treated annually with TFM, where treatments effectively remove most, but not all, larval sea lamprey. We developed an eco-genetic model of sea lamprey to examine factors affecting the evolution of resistance and found that resistance alleles rapidly rise to fixation after 40-80 years of treatment, despite the species' relatively long generation time (4-7 years). The absence of natal homing allows resistant individuals to spread quickly throughout the entire system, but also makes the early detection of resistance challenging. High costs of resistance and density independent reproduction can delay, but not prevent, the onset of resistance. These results illustrate that sea lamprey have the potential to evolve resistance to their primary control agent in the near future, highlighting the urgent need for alternative controls.},
}

@article {pmid31795249,
year = {2019},
author = {Yuval, B and Lahuatte, P and Jose, PA and Causton, CE and Jurkevitch, E and Kouloussis, N and Ben-Yosef, M},
title = {Behavioral Responses of the Invasive Fly Philornis downsi to Stimuli from Bacteria and Yeast in the Laboratory and the Field in the Galapagos Islands.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {10},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/insects10120431},
pmid = {31795249},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {2016046//United States - Israel Binational Science Foundation/ ; Galapagos Conservancy//Galapagos Conservancy/ ; Lindblad Expeditions-National Geographic//Lindblad Expeditions-National Geographic/ ; },
abstract = {Philornis downsi Dodge and Aitken (Diptera: Muscidae) is an avian parasitic fly that has invaded the Galapagos archipelago and exerts an onerous burden on populations of endemic land birds. As part of an ongoing effort to develop tools for the integrated management of this fly, our objective was to determine its long- and short-range responses to bacterial and fungal cues associated with adult P. downsi. We hypothesized that the bacterial and fungal communities would elicit attraction at distance through volatiles, and appetitive responses upon contact. Accordingly, we amplified bacteria from guts of adult field-caught flies and from bird feces, and yeasts from fermenting papaya juice (a known attractant of P. downsi), on selective growth media, and assayed the response of flies to these microbes or their exudates. In the field, we baited traps with bacteria or yeast and monitored adult fly attraction. In the laboratory, we used the proboscis extension response (PER) to determine the sensitivity of males and females to tarsal contact with bacteria or yeast. Long range trapping efforts yielded two female flies over 112 trap-nights (attracted by bacteria from bird feces and from the gut of adult flies). In the laboratory, tarsal contact with stimuli from gut bacteria elicited significantly more responses than did yeast stimuli. We discuss the significance of these findings in context with other studies in the field and identify targets for future work.},
}

@article {pmid31794557,
year = {2019},
author = {Rossi, F and Viejo, RM and Duarte, L and Vaz-Pinto, F and Gestoso, I and Olabarria, C},
title = {Removal of an established invader can change gross primary production of native macroalgae and alter carbon flow in intertidal rock pools.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {14},
number = {12},
pages = {e0217121},
pmid = {31794557},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {The impact of invasive species on recipient communities can vary with environmental context and across levels of biological complexity. We investigated how an established invasive seaweed species affected the biomass, eco-physiology, carbon and nitrogen storage capacity of native seaweeds at sites with a different environmental setting due to a persistent upwelling in northern Spain. We removed the invasive Japanese wireweed Sargassum muticum from intertidal rock pools once every month during a one-year period and used an in-situ stable isotope pulse-chase labeling to estimate gross primary production (GPP), nitrogen uptake rate, 13C-carbon and 15N-nitrogen storage capacities. Following the addition of 13C-enriched bicarbonate and 15N-enriched nitrate to the seawater in the rock pools during the period of the low tide, we sampled macroalgal thalli at incoming tide to determine label uptake rate. After four days, we sampled macroalgal assemblages to determine both label storage capacity and biomass. After one year of removal there was no change in the macroalgal assemblage. However, both the GPP and 13C-carbon storage capacity were higher in the turf-forming Corallina spp. and, sometimes, in the canopy-forming Bifurcaria bifurcata. Nitrogen uptake rate followed similar, but more variable results. Although S. muticum inhibited carbon storage capacity of native species, the assemblage-level 13C-carbon storage was similar in the S. muticum-removed and control rock pools because the presence of the invasive species compensated for the functional loss of native species, particularly at sites where it was most abundant. No obvious effects were observed in relation to the environmental setting. Overall, the effect of the invasive S. muticum on carbon flow appeared to be mediated both by the effects on resource-use efficiency of native species and by its own biomass. Integrating physiological and assemblage-level responses can provide a broad understanding of how invasive species affect recipient communities and ecosystem functioning.},
}

@article {pmid31792797,
year = {2019},
author = {Wasowicz, P and Sennikov, AN and Westergaard, KB and Spellman, K and Carlson, M and Gillespie, LJ and Saarela, JM and Seefeldt, SS and Bennett, B and Bay, C and Ickert-Bond, S and Väre, H},
title = {Non-native vascular flora of the Arctic: Taxonomic richness, distribution and pathways.},
journal = {Ambio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s13280-019-01296-6},
pmid = {31792797},
issn = {1654-7209},
abstract = {We present a comprehensive list of non-native vascular plants known from the Arctic, explore their geographic distribution, analyze the extent of naturalization and invasion among 23 subregions of the Arctic, and examine pathways of introductions. The presence of 341 non-native taxa in the Arctic was confirmed, of which 188 are naturalized in at least one of the 23 regions. A small number of taxa (11) are considered invasive; these plants are known from just three regions. In several Arctic regions there are no naturalized non-native taxa recorded and the majority of Arctic regions have a low number of naturalized taxa. Analyses of the non-native vascular plant flora identified two main biogeographic clusters within the Arctic: American and Asiatic. Among all pathways, seed contamination and transport by vehicles have contributed the most to non-native plant introduction in the Arctic.},
}

@article {pmid31792774,
year = {2019},
author = {Nędzarek, A and Czerniejewski, P and Tórz, A},
title = {Macroelements and Trace Elements in Invasive Signal Crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) from the Wieprza River (Southern Baltic): Human Health Implications.},
journal = {Biological trace element research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s12011-019-01978-y},
pmid = {31792774},
issn = {1559-0720},
abstract = {Signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) is an invasive species displacing native European crayfish from their natural habitats. The elemental composition of the population from the southern Baltic coastal river and the potential health hazards are not known. The aim of the conducted research was to assess the quantitative content of Al, As, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn in meat, hepatopancreas, and exoskeleton in a population from Wieprza River (Poland) and compare the results with the recommendations of daily human consumption. Analysis also involved the composition of water and sediments. The concentrations of elements were analyzed using an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of elements in the signal crayfish was much higher from water than from sediments. Bioaccumulation of elements differed between the particular parts of the body of crayfish, e.g., Ca showed extreme predominance in the exoskeleton, while in meat exhibited a predominance of K, Na, Ca, and Mg. Among trace elements, crayfish meat was the richest in Zn, Cu, and Fe. The concentrations of non-essential Cd, Pb, and As were low compared to other determined elements. The highest concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Se were found in the hepatopancreas, while the highest levels of Al and Pb were found in the exoskeleton. Generally, it was found that the meat of P. leniusculus can be a perfect supplement to the human diet, and the consumption of 100 g of meat per day did not exceed the dietary reference values for essential elements and also for Al, As, Cd, Ni, and Pb.},
}

@article {pmid31791790,
year = {2020},
author = {Tang, F and Kemp, JS and Aldridge, DC},
title = {Life on the edge: Compensatory growth and feeding rates at environmental extremes mediates potential ecosystem engineering by an invasive bivalve.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {706},
number = {},
pages = {135741},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135741},
pmid = {31791790},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Invasive non-native species (INNS) with marine or brackish origins have become increasingly common occupying freshwater habitats. The transition of INNS from marine or brackish water into physiologically stressful freshwater environments may be facilitated by compensatory growth and elevated feeding rates. In this study, we investigate the capacity of the Gulf wedge clam (Rangia cuneata), a brackish NNS that is spreading quickly across European waterways, to survive in freshwater conditions and consider its resultant impacts as an ecosystem engineer. To investigate the performance of R. cuneata under freshwater conditions, we compared the population structure, the physiological condition, and the growth of R. cuneata collected from its distributional limits in Great Britain. Feeding rate of R. cuneata was quantified by conducting a reciprocal transfer experiment with a two-way factorial design on individuals obtained from the freshwater and saline extremes. R. cuneata density was almost 10-fold higher at its most saline distributional limit (213 individual m-2, 3.1‰) compared to its most freshwater limit (22 individuals m-2, 1.2‰). The impaired physiological condition (18.7% lower relative soft tissue mass and 26.4% lower shell mass) and the lack of juvenile individuals also suggests that the R. cuneata inhabiting the freshwater extreme may not be able to maintain a persistent population over the long term. Although R. cuneata at its freshwater extreme were under stress, the per capita impacts caused by these individuals were not weakened at the suboptimal conditions, evidenced by their elevated growth and over four times as high relative clearance rate (0.28 L-1 g-1 h-1) compared to those from the saline limit (0.06 L-1 g-1 h-1). This study demonstrates that under suboptimal conditions, the physiological responses of INNS may result in elevated per capita effects which may lead to unexpected or under-estimated impacts on recipient ecosystems.},
}

@article {pmid31791783,
year = {2020},
author = {Meza-Lopez, MM and Siemann, E},
title = {Warming alone increased exotic snail reproduction and together with eutrophication influenced snail growth in native wetlands but did not impact plants.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {704},
number = {},
pages = {135271},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135271},
pmid = {31791783},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Warming and eutrophication can have varying effects on exotic species performance and their interactions. These effects can vary with trophic level, but are rarely investigated simultaneously on exotic species from multiple trophic levels. To address this, we manipulated temperature, nutrients, and plant origin (native vs. exotic) in snail invaded wetland communities. Warming increased exotic apple snail (Pomacea maculata) reproduction (4-fold increase in egg mass) and also number of egg clutches produced while warming slowed exotic snail growth, suggesting a trade-off between reproduction and growth in exotic snails influenced by warming and nutrients. However, exotic snail size varied with warming and nutrients. Additionally, warming reduced native plant mass with no effect on exotic plants while nutrients had greater positive effects on exotic plants biomass. In combination warming and nutrient enrichment will likely increase exotic snail growth, while nutrient enrichment alone will contribute to exotic plant dominance. In conclusion, the individual and interactive effects of warming and eutrophication vary with the trophic level of exotic species with trade-offs in exotic herbivores depending on environmental conditions, making it difficult to predict effects of multiple anthropogenic factors on co-occurring exotic plants and their effects on native communities.},
}

@article {pmid31790870,
year = {2019},
author = {Tyner, EH and Boyer, TA},
title = {Applying best-worst scaling to rank ecosystem and economic benefits of restoration and conservation in the Great Lakes.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {255},
number = {},
pages = {109888},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109888},
pmid = {31790870},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Since 2010, over $2.4 billion in public funds have been invested in the cleanup and restoration of the Great Lakes Basin through the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. Efforts have targeted restoration of Areas of Concern and other degraded sites. While the ecological benefits of Great Lakes restoration have been highlighted by the Environmental Protection Agency, and the economic benefits studied by the binational International Joint Commission, public preferences for Great Lakes conservation and restoration have not been well studied. Using best-worst scaling and a seven-preference choice set, 1,215 Basin residents quantitatively ranked their preferred reasons to restore and conserve Great Lakes shorelines and waterways, with a focus on restoration at Areas of Concern and National Park Service sites. The analysis shows the most preferred reason for restoration and conservation is to promote human health, followed by the protection of native species, and the prevention of new invasive species from entering the Great Lakes. The least preferred reason for restoration and conservation is to improve local property values. Although respondents' top reason was human-centered, respondents' preferred ecosystem conservation over the benefits of economic revitalization, recreational use, and improved property values. Preferences analyzed by gender, income, and home location followed these same rankings. Preferences for habitat restoration and the prevention of invasive species align with the focus areas guiding the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, providing evidence of public support for this expansive, publicly funded restoration effort.},
}

@article {pmid31789228,
year = {2019},
author = {Litmer, AR and Murray, CM},
title = {Critical thermal tolerance of invasion: Comparative niche breadth of two invasive lizards.},
journal = {Journal of thermal biology},
volume = {86},
number = {},
pages = {102432},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102432},
pmid = {31789228},
issn = {0306-4565},
abstract = {Understanding the evolution of thermal tolerance in ectotherms is particularly important given the current period of rapid change in the environment and thermal climate. Specifically, introduced species have the potential to evolve different thermal tolerances than native populations due to rapid evolution and novel selection pressures. Our study examined critical thermal tolerance in two introduced lizard species, the European wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) in Ohio and Kentucky, and the Mediterranean gecko (Hemidactylus turcicus) from Texas through Alabama. We tested the hypotheses that critical thermal maximum, minimum, and breadth varies among introduced populations of P. muralis and H. turcicus, and that critical thermal tolerance broadens when moving away from the introduction site, because dispersal across novel environments may remove dispersers with narrow thermal tolerances. We found that among P. muralis populations, CTmin and thermal breadth were significantly different. Specifically, when moving away from the introduction site, lizards exhibited increased cold tolerance and broader thermal breadth. Variability in thermal parameters were also lowest at the site closest to the introduction point in P. muralis. In contrast, H. turcicus had no significant differences in critical thermal minimum, maximum, or breadth among sites, or with respect to distance from introduction point. However, we did find little variability in thermal maximum, compared to greater variability in overall tolerance and critical thermal minimums. Thus, this study shows that selection on thermal tolerance and dispersal characteristics occur in novel climatic environments. Understanding how thermal tolerance changes over time can aid in predicting establishment and movement of introduced species, with applications for native species during a time of global climatic change.},
}

@article {pmid31788205,
year = {2019},
author = {Sherpa, S and Guéguen, M and Renaud, J and Blum, MGB and Gaude, T and Laporte, F and Akiner, M and Alten, B and Aranda, C and Barre-Cardi, H and Bellini, R and Bengoa Paulis, M and Chen, XG and Eritja, R and Flacio, E and Foxi, C and Ishak, IH and Kalan, K and Kasai, S and Montarsi, F and Pajović, I and Petrić, D and Termine, R and Turić, N and Vazquez-Prokopec, GM and Velo, E and Vignjević, G and Zhou, X and Després, L},
title = {Predicting the success of an invader: Niche shift versus niche conservatism.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {9},
number = {22},
pages = {12658-12675},
pmid = {31788205},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Invasive species can encounter environments different from their source populations, which may trigger rapid adaptive changes after introduction (niche shift hypothesis). To test this hypothesis, we investigated whether postintroduction evolution is correlated with contrasting environmental conditions between the European invasive and source ranges in the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus. The comparison of environmental niches occupied in European and source population ranges revealed more than 96% overlap between invasive and source niches, supporting niche conservatism. However, we found evidence for postintroduction genetic evolution by reanalyzing a published ddRADseq genomic dataset from 90 European invasive populations using genotype-environment association (GEA) methods and generalized dissimilarity modeling (GDM). Three loci, among which a putative heat-shock protein, exhibited significant allelic turnover along the gradient of winter precipitation that could be associated with ongoing range expansion. Wing morphometric traits weakly correlated with environmental gradients within Europe, but wing size differed between invasive and source populations located in different climatic areas. Niche similarities between source and invasive ranges might have facilitated the establishment of populations. Nonetheless, we found evidence for environmental-induced adaptive changes after introduction. The ability to rapidly evolve observed in invasive populations (genetic shift) together with a large proportion of unfilled potential suitable areas (80%) pave the way to further spread of Ae. albopictus in Europe.},
}

@article {pmid31788187,
year = {2019},
author = {Underwood, EC and Klinger, RC and Brooks, ML},
title = {Effects of invasive plants on fire regimes and postfire vegetation diversity in an arid ecosystem.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {9},
number = {22},
pages = {12421-12435},
pmid = {31788187},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {We assessed the impacts of co-occurring invasive plant species on fire regimes and postfire native communities in the Mojave Desert, western USA. We analyzed the distribution and co-occurrence patterns of three invasive annual grasses (Bromus rubens, Bromus tectorum, and Schismus spp.) known to alter fuel conditions and community structure, and an invasive forb (Erodium cicutarium) which dominates postfire sites. We developed species distribution models (SDMs) for each of the four taxa and analyzed field plot data to assess the relationship between invasives and fire frequency, years postfire, and the impacts on postfire native herbaceous diversity. Most of the Mojave Desert is highly suitable for at least one of the four invasive species, and 76% of the ecoregion is predicted to have high or very high suitability for the joint occurrence of B. rubens and B. tectorum and 42% high or very high suitability for the joint occurrence of the two Bromus species and E. cicutarium. Analysis of cover from plot data indicated two or more of the species occurred in 77% of the plots, with their cover doubling with each additional species. We found invasive cover in burned plots increased for the first 20 years postfire and recorded two to five times more cover in burned than unburned plots. Analysis also indicated that native species diversity and evenness as negatively associated with higher levels of relative cover of the four invasive taxa. Our findings revealed overlapping distributions of the four invasives; a strong relationship between the invasives and fire frequency; and significant negative impacts of invasives on native herbaceous diversity in the Mojave. This suggests predicting the distributions of co-occurring invasive species, especially transformer species, will provide a better understanding of where native-dominated communities are most vulnerable to transformations following fire or other disturbances.},
}

@article {pmid31783897,
year = {2019},
author = {Hoy, MS and Ostberg, CO},
title = {Development of a quantitative PCR assay for detection of redside shiner (Richardsonius balteatus) from environmental DNA.},
journal = {BMC research notes},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {782},
pmid = {31783897},
issn = {1756-0500},
support = {#18WNTAAYD00SCL//Seattle City Light/ ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: A quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for the detection of redside shiner (Richardsonius balteatus) environmental DNA (eDNA) was designed as a side product of a larger project aimed at using eDNA to determine the presence and geographic extent of native and non-native fishes in the reservoirs and associated tributaries above the three mainstem dams (Ross, Diablo, Gorge) on the Skagit River, Washington, USA. The eDNA survey results can be used to help guide additional sampling efforts that include traditional sampling methods, such as electrofishing and netting.

RESULTS: The redside shiner qPCR assay (RSSCOI_540-601) was validated by testing for sensitivity using redside shiner genomic DNA from three different populations and by testing for specificity against 30 potentially sympatric species. No non-target amplification was observed in our validation tests. We then evaluated the assay on field-collected water samples where there are known populations of redside shiner and a negative control site where the target species is known to be absent. The field-collected water samples tested positive at the redside shiner sites and tested negative at the negative control site. The assay could provide resource managers with an effective means for surveying and monitoring redside shiner populations.},
}