@article {pmid41641636,
year = {2026},
author = {Chen, G and Banerjee, R},
title = {Post-CAR-T lymphocytosis in multiple myeloma: too much of a good thing?.},
journal = {Haematologica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3324/haematol.2025.300428},
pmid = {41641636},
issn = {1592-8721},
abstract = {Not available.},
}

@article {pmid41641624,
year = {2026},
author = {Xiong, Y and Chan, KCG and Gorfine, M and Hsu, L},
title = {Assessing the Benefits and Burdens of Preventive Interventions.},
journal = {Statistics in medicine},
volume = {45},
number = {3-5},
pages = {e70410},
doi = {10.1002/sim.70410},
pmid = {41641624},
issn = {1097-0258},
support = {R01 CA189532/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R01 CA195789/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R01 CA236558/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; P30 CA015704/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; U01 CA86368/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; S100D028685/RI/ORIP NIH HHS/United States ; /HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; HHSN268201600018C/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; HHSN268201600001C/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; HHSN268201600002C/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; HHSN268201600003C/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; HHSN268201600004C/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Colorectal Neoplasms/prevention & control/mortality/diagnosis ; Middle Aged ; Computer Simulation ; Models, Statistical ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Risk Assessment ; Neoplasms/prevention & control ; Mass Screening ; },
abstract = {Cancer prevention is recognized as a key strategy for reducing disease incidence, mortality, and the overall burden on individuals and society. However, determining when to begin preventive interventions presents a significant challenge: starting too early may lead to more interventions and increased lifetime burdens due to repeated administrations, while delaying may miss opportunities to prevent cancer. Evidence-based recommendations require a benefit-burden analysis that weighs life-years gained against the burden of interventions. With the growing availability of large-scale observational data, there is now an opportunity to empirically evaluate these trade-offs. In this paper, we propose a causal framework for assessing the benefit and burden of cancer prevention, using an illness-death model with semi-competing risks. Extensive simulations demonstrate that the proposed estimators are unbiased, with robust inference across realistic scenarios. We apply this approach to a benefit-burden analysis of the preventive screening for colorectal cancer, utilizing data from the large-scale Women's Health Initiative. Our findings suggest that initiating screening at age 50 years achieves the highest life-year gains with an acceptable incremental burden-to-benefit ratio compared to no screening, contributing valuable real-world evidence to the field of preventive cancer interventions.},
}

Humans
Female
Colorectal Neoplasms/prevention & control/mortality/diagnosis
Middle Aged
Computer Simulation
Models, Statistical
Early Detection of Cancer
Risk Assessment
Neoplasms/prevention & control
Mass Screening

@article {pmid41641558,
year = {2026},
author = {Hoffman, AM and Cocciardi, JM and Manna, P and Alvarado-Serrano, DF and Cavender-Bares, J and Groffman, PM and Hall, SJ and Hobbie, SE and Lerman, SB and Padullés Cubino, J and Pataki, DE and Trammell, TLE and Avolio, ML},
title = {Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in Cities Is Not Consistent Among Cosmopolitan Plant Species.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {35},
number = {3},
pages = {e70261},
doi = {10.1111/mec.70261},
pmid = {41641558},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {DEB-1836034//National Science Foundation/ ; DEB-1638519//National Science Foundation/ ; DEB-163872//National Science Foundation/ ; DEB-1637590//National Science Foundation/ ; DEB-1832016//National Science Foundation/ ; DEB-1638560//National Science Foundation/ ; DEB-1638648//National Science Foundation/ ; DEB-1638606//National Science Foundation/ ; EF-1638676//National Science Foundation/ ; DEB-2110351//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Genetic Variation ; *Genetics, Population ; Cities ; Gene Flow ; *Asteraceae/genetics ; *Poaceae/genetics ; United States ; },
abstract = {Urbanisation has led to increasing homogenization of plant communities across cities. However, it is unclear whether these patterns extend to cosmopolitan plant species at the genetic level. We examined genome-wide genetic patterns in six widespread plant species (three Poaceae and three Asteraceae) across five cities in the USA (Boston, Baltimore, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Phoenix, and Los Angeles) using reduced-representation sequencing. We assessed genetic structure, differentiation, and patterns of isolation by distance (IBD) and environment (IBE) to determine if species were genetically homogeneous or differentiated by city, percentage of impervious surface, or both. Most species exhibited limited population structure overall, with Poa annua (annual bluegrass), Taraxacum officinale (dandelion), and Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) showing no significant genetic differentiation among cities, a pattern consistent with high gene flow mediated by human activity. Notable exceptions included city-level differences in Erigeron canadensis (horseweed) and Lactuca serriola (prickly lettuce), especially in Phoenix. We also observed low genetic diversity in Digitaria sanguinalis (crabgrass) from Phoenix, suggesting recent founder effects or selection via environmental filtering. Erigeron canadensis, the only native species studied, displayed stronger differentiation by city, along with significant isolation by temperature and distance. Among all species, we found no evidence for population structure by impervious surface. Our findings indicate that widespread population genetic structure patterns of cosmopolitan plants are likely to depend more on species attributes (e.g., self-compatibility) and human-mediated dispersal than on urbanisation per se.},
}

*Genetic Variation
*Genetics, Population
Cities
Gene Flow
*Asteraceae/genetics
*Poaceae/genetics
United States

@article {pmid41639460,
year = {2026},
author = {Natarajan, SK and Lum, J and Skeans, JH and Nenwani, M and Eyunni, S and Mota, M and Bayliss, JM and Deogharkar, A and Hamanishi, ET and Pun, M and Sweha, SR and Hoffman, S and Young, E and Zhang, Q and Mehta, R and Animasahun, O and Narayanan, P and Sunil, S and Parolia, A and Sajjakulnukit, P and Panwalkar, P and Doherty, R and Clausen, M and Dang, D and Hawes, D and Yang, F and Santi, M and Judkins, AR and Wilson, Y and Vigil, T and Franson, A and Mortensen, RM and Ozawa, T and Griesinger, A and Holland, EC and Foreman, NK and Michealraj, KA and Agnihotri, S and Taylor, M and Gilbertson, RJ and Koschmann, C and Chinnaiyan, AM and Lyssiotis, CA and Nagrath, D and Venneti, S},
title = {ZFTA-RELA ependymomas make itaconate to epigenetically drive fusion expression.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41639460},
issn = {1476-4687},
abstract = {ZFTA-RELA[+] ependymomas are malignant brain tumours defined by fusions formed between the putative chromatin remodeller ZFTA and the NF-κB mediator RELA[1]. Here we show that ZFTA-RELA[+] cells produce itaconate, a key macrophage-associated immunomodulatory metabolite[2]. Itaconate is generated by cis-aconitate decarboxylase 1 (ACOD1; also known as IRG1). However, the production of itaconate by tumour cells and its tumour-intrinsic role are not well established. ACOD1 is upregulated in a ZFTA-RELA-dependent manner. Functionally, itaconate enables a feed-forward system that is crucial for the maintenance of pathogenic ZFTA-RELA levels. Itaconate epigenetically activates ZFTA-RELA transcription by enriching for activating H3K4me3 via inhibition of the H3K4 demethylase KDM5. ZFTA-RELA[+] tumours enhance glutamine metabolism to supply carbons for itaconate synthesis. Antagonism of ACOD1 or glutamine metabolism reduces pathogenic ZFTA-RELA levels and is potently therapeutic in multiple in vivo models. Mechanistically, ZFTA-RELA epigenetically suppresses PTEN expression to upregulate PI3K-mTOR signalling, a known driver of glutaminolysis. Finally, suppression of ACOD1 or a combination of glutamine antagonism with PI3K-mTOR inhibition abrogates spinal metastasis. Our data demonstrate that ZFTA-RELA[+] ependymomas subvert a macrophage-like itaconate metabolic pathway to maintain expression of the ZFTA-RELA driver, which implicates itaconate as a candidate oncometabolite. Taken together, our results position itaconate upregulation as a previously unappreciated driver of ZFTA-RELA[+] ependymomas. Our work has implications for future drug development to reduce pathogenic ZFTA-RELA expression for this brain tumour, and will advance our understanding of oncometabolites as a new class of therapeutic dependencies in cancers.},
}

@article {pmid41639379,
year = {2026},
author = {Besse, B and Lin, JJ and Bazhenova, L and Goto, K and de Langen, AJ and Kim, DW and Wolf, J and Springfeld, C and Popat, S and Lim, DWT and Nagasaka, M and Hong, JY and Baik, CS and Hervieu, A and Moreno, V and Yang, N and Kollengode, K and Yang, H and Xu, Y and Calvet, CY and Yuan, Y and Hammell, AB and Drilon, A and Solomon, BJ},
title = {Repotrectinib in NTRK fusion-positive advanced solid tumors: a phase 1/2 trial.},
journal = {Nature medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41639379},
issn = {1546-170X},
abstract = {Early-generation TRK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) approved for treating NTRK fusion-positive (NTRK[+]) solid tumors provide clinical benefit; however, resistance emerges. Repotrectinib is a next-generation ROS1/TRK TKI with a compact macrocyclic structure designed to improve durability of response. TRIDENT-1 is a registrational phase 1/2 trial assessing repotrectinib, a next-generation ROS1/TRK TKI, in adults with advanced solid tumors, including NTRK[+] disease. The primary endpoint was confirmed objective response; secondary endpoints included duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival and safety. Median follow-up ranged between 21.3 months and 25.7 months. In the TKI-naive cohort (n = 51; 95% confidence interval (CI)), the response rate was 59% (44-72); the median DOR was not estimable (NE); and the median PFS was 30.3 months (9.0-NE). In the TKI-pretreated cohort (n = 69; 95% CI), the response rate was 48% (36-60); the median DOR was 9.8 months (7.4-13.0); and the median PFS was 7.4 months (3.9-9.7). Of 30 TKI-pretreated patients with NTRK solvent front mutations, 16 had a response (53%; 95% CI: 34-72). Intracranial responses were observed in two of three TKI-naive patients and in four of six TKI-pretreated patients with measurable intracranial disease at baseline. Among all treated patients (n = 565), the most common any-grade treatment-related adverse event (TRAE) was dizziness (57%); most TRAEs were low grade; and 4% discontinued repotrectinib due to a TRAE. Here repotrectinib demonstrated durable systemic and intracranial responses with generally low-grade adverse events in patients with NTRK[+] solid tumors, including those with previous TRK TKI treatment and solvent front mutations. These results support the use of repotrectinib to treat patients with NTRK[+] solid tumors. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03093116 .},
}

@article {pmid41638872,
year = {2026},
author = {Schmitt, TM and Furiya, K and Black, C and Vazquez, A and Sharma, J and Hailemariam, M and Paushter, DH and Trieu, L and Lam, J and Lee, B and Rakhra, K and Whalen, KA and Mehta, NK and Sauer, K and Baeuerle, PA and Michaelson, JS and Greenberg, PD and Chapuis, AG},
title = {Dysregulated expression of the tumor suppressor p14ARF in cancer provides an effective target for TCR-T cell therapeutics.},
journal = {Journal for immunotherapy of cancer},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/jitc-2025-013520},
pmid = {41638872},
issn = {2051-1426},
mesh = {Humans ; *Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF/genetics/metabolism/immunology ; Animals ; Mice ; *Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism/immunology ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/metabolism/genetics ; HLA-A2 Antigen/immunology ; *Neoplasms/therapy/immunology/genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; *Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The CDKN2A gene encodes two canonical tumor suppressors, p16INK4A and p14ARF, which safeguard cells from malignant transformation by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to aberrant growth signals. Paradoxically, many cancers overexpress these proteins when downstream effectors that enforce negative feedback regulation are lost or inactivated. For example, p14ARF, which regulates p53 activation, is aberrantly expressed in more than 50% of tumors with inactivating p53 mutations. Here, we evaluated the feasibility of targeting dysregulated p16INK4A and p14ARF expression using TCR-T cell therapeutics.

METHODS: We analyzed a panel of p16INK4A- and p14ARF-derived peptides for HLA-A*02:01-associated presentation and recognition by CD8[+] T cells. Antigen-specific T cell receptors were isolated from healthy donor repertoires and expressed in primary T cells to assess specificity, functional avidity, tumor recognition, and safety using in vitro T cell functional assays, in vivo tumor models, and an in vivo safety model.

RESULTS: We identified a unique and well-presented p14ARF epitope that was consistently detected in the HLA-A*02:01-associated immunopeptidome of cancer biopsies but not in normal tissues. High-avidity ARF-specific TCRs were isolated from the peripheral repertoire of healthy donors, and TCR-transduced T cells mediated potent tumor cell killing in vitro and in vivo in preclinical models. Furthermore, targeting p14ARF-expressing cells did not result in detectable on-target toxicity in an in vivo safety model.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate the feasibility of targeting dysregulated tumor suppressor proteins with TCR-T cell therapeutics and identify p14ARF as a promising target for future therapies.},
}

Humans
*Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF/genetics/metabolism/immunology
Animals
Mice
*Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism/immunology
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/metabolism/genetics
HLA-A2 Antigen/immunology
*Neoplasms/therapy/immunology/genetics
Cell Line, Tumor
*Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology

@article {pmid41637641,
year = {2026},
author = {Olivieri, DJ and Othus, M and Vo, PT and Walter, RB and Manjappa, S and Basom, R and Storb, RF and Keel, SB},
title = {Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Aplastic Anemia: A Single Institution Experience Across Six Decades.},
journal = {Blood advances},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1182/bloodadvances.2025018548},
pmid = {41637641},
issn = {2473-9537},
abstract = {Since the introduction of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for aplastic anemia, major advances have included refinements in conditioning regimens, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis, high-resolution human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing, pre-transplant transfusion practices, and general supportive care. We present a comprehensive retrospective single-center cohort study of 607 children and adults who underwent allogeneic transplantation for aplastic anemia over six decades at a single BMT center. We highlight key temporal changes in conditioning for related donor transplants, GVHD prophylaxis, and HLA matching that correspond with improved non-relapse mortality, reduced GVHD rates, and better overall survival among HLA-matched related and unrelated donor transplants. This work provides a historical perspective on the evolution of BMT for aplastic anemia for HLA-matched related and unrelated donor recipients and identifies persistent barriers to curative therapy, including patient age and donor availability. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of anti-thymocyte globulin in conditioning regimens, improve GVHD prevention and management, and expand use of alternative donors.},
}

@article {pmid41636424,
year = {2026},
author = {Gullà, A and Dhodapkar, MV and Einsele, H and Raab, MS and Solimando, AG and Botta, C and Turi, M and Sester, LS and Portuguese, AJ and Steinbrunn, T and Anderson, KC},
title = {Rethinking Multiple Myeloma Treatment: The Biological and Clinical Insights Guiding Immune-Based Combinations.},
journal = {Blood cancer discovery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {OF1-OF19},
doi = {10.1158/2643-3230.BCD-25-0107},
pmid = {41636424},
issn = {2643-3249},
support = {27750//Fondazione AIRC per la ricerca sul cancro ETS (AIRC)/ ; EMAGEN//Fondazione Piemontese per la Ricerca sul Cancro/ ; Ricerca corrente 2025//Ministero della Salute (Italy Ministry of Health)/ ; SPORE P50-CA100707//National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; //Paula and Rodger Riney Foundation/ ; //Leukemia and Lymphoma Society (LLS)/ ; //Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Medical Research Foundation (AMRF)/ ; 442740310//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)/ ; 24534//Fondazione AIRC per la ricerca sul cancro ETS (AIRC)/ ; PRIN- 2022ZKKWLW//Ministero della Salute (Italy Ministry of Health)/ ; PNRR-POC-2022-12375862//European Union Next Generation EU/ ; P01-CA155258//National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: The standard of care for multiple myeloma has rapidly evolved to include immune-based therapies. However, achieving durable immune control and long-term survival, particularly in high-risk patients, remains difficult. In this article, we review the immune effects of existing and emerging therapies, dissect key drivers of resistance, highlight rational combinations and treatment-sequencing strategies, and summarize ongoing clinical trials that aim to optimize durable immune control. We discuss how the application of these biological and clinical insights may help us rethink multiple myeloma treatment to fully eradicate residual disease and elicit sustained natural and/or synthetic tumor-specific immunity.

SIGNIFICANCE: Preclinical and clinical insights are reshaping how immune-based therapies are used in multiple myeloma. This review explores how optimizing the integration of natural and synthetic immunity can support a shift from disease control to deep, durable immune eradication, paving the way for personalized immune strategies tailored to individual immune profiles.},
}

@article {pmid41635086,
year = {2026},
author = {Castelli, JMP and Poljakov, K and Jwa, Y and Cunningham, R and Cassidy, ME and Gray, MD and Sanchez Gaytan, JN and Enstrom, MR and Gastelum, G and Wang, Z and Linton, JD and Rongvaux, A and Taylor, JJ and Adair, JE},
title = {In vivo production of an anti-HIV antibody in mice by non-viral gene knock-in in primate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.},
journal = {Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ymthe.2026.01.038},
pmid = {41635086},
issn = {1525-0024},
abstract = {Gene editing strategies that do not rely on viral vectors are being explored for their potential to support durable biologics production. While clinical trials have shown that adeno-associated virus encoding broadly neutralizing antibodies can protect against HIV, these interventions often yield limited, short-lived responses. The development of non-viral gene editing approaches in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells holds promise for long-term antibody production. In this study, we evaluated CRISPR/Cas9 and CRISPR/Cas12a for gene knock-in at the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus in non-human primate (NHP) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Delivering the nuclease as a protein alongside a custom DNA template, we optimized editing with Cas12a and demonstrated higher knock-in efficiency and fewer non-specific edits than Cas9. Transplantation of edited NHP HSPCs into MISTRG mice led to engraftment, B cell differentiation, and transgene expression of a reporter transgene or anti-HIV antibody after gp120 antigen immunization with detectable titers in circulation. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using non-viral knock-in in HSPCs as a potential strategy for sustained biologics production in the treatment of chronic diseases. Future work will assess the efficacy of this approach in a NHP model of HIV infection.},
}

@article {pmid41634669,
year = {2026},
author = {Hailemariam, A and Han, K and Emerson, J and Batch, BC and McCall, S and Salama, N and Wang, F and Garman, KS and Epplein, M},
title = {Association between autoimmune thyroid disease and presence of CagA and gastric intestinal metaplasia among patients with H. pylori: a cross-sectional endoscopic study.},
journal = {BMC endocrine disorders},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s12902-026-02184-3},
pmid = {41634669},
issn = {1472-6823},
support = {P30 CA014236/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
}

@article {pmid41634487,
year = {2026},
author = {Gieselmann, L and DeLaitsch, AT and Rohde, M and Radford, C and Worczinski, J and Ashurov, A and Ahmadov, E and Burger, JA and Havenar-Daughton, C and Deshpande, S and Giovannoni, F and Corti, D and Kreer, C and Ercanoglu, MS and Schommers, P and Georgiev, IS and West, AP and Knüfer, J and Stumpf, R and Kroidl, A and Geldmacher, C and Maganga, L and William, W and Ntinginya, NE and Hoelscher, M and Yang, Z and Wei, Q and Renfrow, MB and Green, TJ and Novak, J and van Gils, MJ and Gristick, HB and Gruell, H and Bloom, JD and Seaman, MS and Bjorkman, PJ and Klein, F},
title = {Identification of a potent V3 glycan site broadly neutralizing antibody targeting an N332gp120 glycan-independent epitope.},
journal = {Nature immunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41634487},
issn = {1529-2916},
support = {CRC1279//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; CRC1310//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; ERC-stG639961//EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)/ ; INV-002143/GATES/Gates Foundation/United States ; INV-036842/GATES/Gates Foundation/United States ; INV-002143/GATES/Gates Foundation/United States ; U01AI169385//Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Inc.)/ ; U01AI169385//Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Inc.)/ ; R01AI140891//Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Inc.)/ ; },
abstract = {Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against HIV-1 can suppress viremia in vivo and inform vaccine development. Here we characterized 007, a V3 glycan site bNAb exhibiting high levels of antiviral activity against multiclade pseudovirus panels. 007 targets an N332gp120 glycan-independent V3 epitope, a site of the HIV-1 envelope protein (Env) vulnerability to which only weakly neutralizing antibodies had previously been identified. Functional analyses demonstrated distinct binding and neutralization profiles compared to classical V3 glycan site bNAbs. A 007 Fab-Env cryogenic electron microscopy structure revealed contacts with the V3 [324]GD/NIR[327] motif and interactions with N156gp120 and N301gp120 glycans. In contrast to classical V3 bNAbs, 007 binding to Env does not depend on the N332gp120 glycan, rendering it resistant to common escape mutations. Structures of 007 IgG-Env trimer complexes showed two Env trimers crosslinked by three bivalent IgGs. Bivalent 007 IgG was more potent than monovalent 007 IgG heterodimer, suggesting a role for avidity in potent neutralization. Finally, in HIV-1ADA-infected humanized mice, 007 caused transient decline of viremia and overcame classical V3 escape mutations, highlighting 007's potential for HIV-1 prevention, therapy, functional cure and vaccine design.},
}

@article {pmid41633487,
year = {2026},
author = {Chen, L and Li, H and Zhu, Q and Xu, X and Liu, X and Dong, X and Yuan, C and Chen, W and Xiao, W and Ding, Z and Wu, K and Tu, B and Li, W and Zhu, X and Gong, W and Lu, G and Ji, D},
title = {Screening and identification of a novel PGAM5-specific inhibitor for attenuating multi-organ injury.},
journal = {Journal of advanced research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jare.2026.01.075},
pmid = {41633487},
issn = {2090-1224},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The necroptosis regulator PGAM5 drives a pathological cycle of mitochondrial dysfunction and necroptotic signaling, contributing to multi-organ injury and representing a potential therapeutic target. Despite its clinical relevance, few PGAM5-specific small-molecule inhibitors have been developed.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to identify a safe and effective natural small-molecule inhibitor targeting PGAM5 as a novel therapeutic strategy.

METHODS: Global PGAM5 knockout mice and pancreas-specific PGAM5 knockdown mice were used to clarify the regulatory role of PGAM5 in pancreatic injury in acute pancreatitis (AP). Subsequently, high-throughput screening of candidate compounds targeting PGAM5 was conducted based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). Combined with molecular docking, in vitro binding experiments, and functional verification experiments, Plantainoside D (PD) was finally identified as a natural small-molecule inhibitor targeting PGAM5. Finally, the protective effect of PD was evaluated using preclinical models of various organ injuries.

RESULTS: We identify PGAM5 as a critical mediator of pancreatic acinar cell (PAC) necrosis in AP. Genetic suppression of PGAM5 significantly mitigates PAC necrosis in both in vitro and in vivo AP models. Through high-throughput virtual screening of the TCMSP natural-product database, we identified PD, a phenylethanoid glycoside, as the first reported PGAM5-specific small-molecule inhibitor. By binding PGAM5, PD inhibits its phosphatase activity and prevents oligomerization, thereby restoring mitochondrial homeostasis and blocking necroptosis. Importantly, systemic PD administration demonstrated broad protective efficacy in multiple organ-injury models-including autoimmune hepatitis, acute kidney injury, myocardial ischemia - reperfusion, and lung fibrosis - as well as local efficacy in a pathological high intraocular pressure(ph-IOP) - induced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) injury model.

CONCLUSION: These findings establish PGAM5 as a druggable target in organ injury and identify PD as a natural compound with favorable safety and strong translational potential, providing a foundation for necroptosis-targeted therapeutic development.},
}

@article {pmid41632638,
year = {2026},
author = {Zych, MG and Contreras, M and Mammel, AE and Hatch, EM},
title = {RCC1 depletion drives protein transport defects and rupture in micronuclei.},
journal = {The Journal of cell biology},
volume = {225},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1083/jcb.202510133},
pmid = {41632638},
issn = {1540-8140},
support = {R35GM124766/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; T32GM007270/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; T32CA009657/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; //Rita Allen Foundation/ ; P30CA015704//Fred Hutch/University of Washington Cancer Consortium/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Nuclear Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; *Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Nuclear Lamina/metabolism ; Chromatin/metabolism ; *Karyopherins/metabolism/genetics ; Protein Transport ; *Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective ; Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Histones/metabolism ; Chromosomal Instability ; Euchromatin/metabolism/genetics ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; },
abstract = {Micronuclei (MN), a hallmark of chromosome instability, frequently rupture, leading to protumorigenic consequences. MN rupture requires nuclear lamina defects, yet their underlying causes remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that MN lamina gaps are linked to excessive MN growth resulting from impaired protein export. This export defect arises from reduced levels of the transport protein RCC1 in MN. Overexpressing RCC1 increases protein export and protects MN from rupture. Differences in RCC1 levels linked to chromatin state also explain why high euchromatin content increases the stability of small MN. Additional RCC1 loss in euchromatic MN results in impaired protein import. For these MN, increasing RCC1, directly or through increasing histone methylation, accelerates rupture. Our findings define a new model of MN rupture, where defects in protein export drives continuous MN growth causing nuclear lamina gaps that predispose MN to membrane rupture and where chromatin-specific features can alter rupture of small MN by further impairing nuclear transport.},
}

Humans
*Nuclear Proteins/metabolism/genetics
*Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism/genetics
Nuclear Lamina/metabolism
Chromatin/metabolism
*Karyopherins/metabolism/genetics
Protein Transport
*Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective
Active Transport, Cell Nucleus
Histones/metabolism
Chromosomal Instability
Euchromatin/metabolism/genetics
Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors

@article {pmid41627575,
year = {2026},
author = {Abu-Raddad, LJ and Chemaitelly, H and Wald, A and Johnston, C},
title = {Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Screening in Persons with and Without HIV: Evidence, Challenges, and Future Directions.},
journal = {Current HIV/AIDS reports},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {3},
pmid = {41627575},
issn = {1548-3576},
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections worldwide, with implications for HIV acquisition, transmission, and disease progression. This review synthesizes current evidence and guidance on HSV-2 serologic screening, emphasizing its relevance for HIV prevention and care.

RECENT FINDINGS: International guidelines advise against routine general population-level serologic screening for HSV-2 in asymptomatic persons. Key limitations include poor test specificity, the absence of potent antivirals or therapeutic vaccines, lack of curative therapy, no demonstrated population-level benefit, and psychosocial harms associated with diagnosis. Current practice instead emphasizes diagnostic testing in symptomatic persons and targeted screening in defined contexts—such as among people with HIV in specific clinical situations, sex partners of those with HSV-2 infection, certain pregnant women, persons seeking sexual health care, and persons with recurrent or atypical symptoms—where results may directly inform management. Emerging technologies, including highly specific assays, novel potent antivirals, therapeutic vaccines, and curative strategies, may eventually shift the cost–benefit balance of general screening. 

SUMMARY: Evidence supports targeted rather than general population-level screening to maximize clinical benefit while minimizing harm. New evidence demonstrating that interventions can achieve measurable population-level reductions in disease burden or transmission, together with future advances in diagnostics and therapeutics, may eventually justify integrating routine HSV-2 screening into broader contexts, including into HIV prevention and care.},
}

@article {pmid41623930,
year = {2026},
author = {Le, CM and Chen, X and Kodaira, S and Othus, M and Gang, M and Davis, C and Basom, RS and Cherian, S and Walter, RB},
title = {Immunophenotypic abnormality quantification refines multiparameter flow cytometry-based measurable residual disease testing in adults allografted for acute myeloid leukemia in morphologic remission.},
journal = {HemaSphere},
volume = {10},
number = {2},
pages = {e70310},
pmid = {41623930},
issn = {2572-9241},
abstract = {Flow cytometry-based measurable residual disease (MRD) testing is routinely used in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but methodologies need refinement to optimize assay characteristics. Here, we examined 1215 adults with AML or myelodysplastic syndrome/AML allografted in morphologic remission to study how the type(s) of leukemic blasts and degree/number of immunophenotypic abnormalities could improve MRD testing. Among 233 patients with pre-hematopoietic cell transplantation (pre-HCT) MRD, 80 (34%) had non-stem cell-like (NSC-like) leukemic blasts, 109 (47%) had stem cell-like (SC-like) leukemic blasts, and 44 (19%) had NSC- and SC-like leukemic blast cell populations. Across all MRD[pos] patients, a higher degree/number of immunophenotypic abnormalities was associated with increased relapse risk and worse relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). Maximally selected rank statistics estimated a total MRD immunophenotype score cut point of ≤4.5 (n = 63 [27% of MRD[pos] patients]) vs. >4.5 (n = 170 [73% of MRD[pos] patients]) as optimal for RFS discrimination. After multivariable adjustment, a high score was associated with a significantly increased relapse risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.99 [95% confidence interval: 3.92-6.36]; P < 0.001), shorter RFS (HR = 3.88 [3.15-4.78]; P < 0.001), shorter OS (HR = 2.99 [2.42-3.70]; P < 0.001), and higher risk of NRM (HR = 1.78 [1.07-2.81]; P = 0.014) relative to MRD[neg] patients. In contrast, there was no significant relapse risk or RFS difference between patients with low total MRD immunophenotype score and those without MRD. While requiring validation, our data suggest considering the type and degree/number of immunophenotypic abnormalities may refine MRD testing and identify a significant subset of MRD[pos] patients with outcomes like MRD[neg] patients.},
}

@article {pmid41622289,
year = {2026},
author = {Richards, AR and Gomez, MF and Dowling, BI and Jean-Baptiste, E and Gigic, B and Figueiredo, JC and Li, CI and Shibata, D and Toriola, AT and Byrd, DA and Ulrich, CM and Stewart, PA and Siegel, EM and Kresovich, JK},
title = {Blood DNA methylation-predicted plasma protein levels and colorectal cancer survival.},
journal = {Clinical epigenetics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s13148-026-02059-3},
pmid = {41622289},
issn = {1868-7083},
support = {P30-CA076292/GF/NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Protein EpiScores are a novel class of DNA methylation (DNAm)-based metrics proposed to measure peripheral immune system characteristics. Although Protein EpiScores have been associated with chronic disease risk, their relationship with colorectal cancer (CRC) survival has not been investigated.

METHODS: We generated new genome-wide DNAm data on pre-treatment whole blood samples from a case-control sample of 136 newly diagnosed CRC patients nested in the ColoCare Study and calculated 107 Protein EpiScores using the developer's algorithm. Over a median follow-up of 7.3 years (range: 0.3-13.8 years), 35 (26%) patients experienced disease recurrence, and 47 (35%) died. Protein EpiScore associations with disease-free and overall survival were tested using Cox regression models, adjusted for patient and clinical characteristics, and prognostic discrimination was assessed using Harrell's C-index.

RESULTS: In fully-adjusted models, HCII, VEGFA, CCL17, and LGALS3BP Protein EpiScores were associated with worse disease-free survival (HRs between 1.62 and 1.71, all FDR < 0.05). Adding these Protein EpiScores to traditional clinical prognosis risk factors significantly improved disease-free survival prediction (C-index: 0.64 vs 0.70, P-diff= 0.03). The LGALS3BP Protein EpiScore was associated with worse overall survival (HR: 1.80, 95% CI 1.29, 2.51,P = 0.0005, FDR= 0.056), and improved prediction (C-index: 0.70 vs 0.75, P-diff= 0.02). Protein EpiScores for HCII, LGALS3BP, MMP12, and VEGFA showed positive association with both disease-free and overall survival (HRs > 1.5).

CONCLUSIONS: Protein EpiScores are significantly associated with CRC survival. These findings highlight biological pathways underlying CRC prognosis and support the utility of Protein EpiScores for modeling survivorship.},
}

@article {pmid41620128,
year = {2026},
author = {Bilen, MA and Shore, N and Burbage, S and Rossi, C and Diaz, L and Khilfeh, I and Wang, Y and Wong, G and Pilon, D and Brown, G and Lowentritt, B and Lin, DW},
title = {Homologous recombination repair mutations, next-generation sequencing testing, and treatment progression by race among patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer.},
journal = {Urology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.urology.2026.01.024},
pmid = {41620128},
issn = {1527-9995},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe next-generation sequencing (NGS) testing rates for deleterious homologous recombination repair (HRR) mutations and time-to-next-treatment (TTNT) among US patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC).

METHODS: Data from oncology centers included in the nationwide (US-based) Flatiron Health-Foundation Medicine, Inc. Metastatic PC Clinico-Genomic Database (1/1/2011-12/31/2022) and Core Registry (1/1/2013-12/31/2023) were evaluated. Patients who initiated treatment for mCSPC (index date) after 1/1/2018 and received an HRR alteration test were included. TTNT and NGS testing patterns were described overall and among White, non-White (i.e., Black, Asian, Hispanic, other), and Black patient subgroups. TTNT was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analyses and annual NGS testing rates were assessed from 2018-2023 using the Core Registry.

RESULTS: In total, 1,121 HRR-tested patients with mCSPC were included. HRR (BRCA1/2) alterations were observed among 17.4% (12.7%) of White patients, 16.5% (10.9%) of non-White patients, and 15.2% (9.7%) of Black patients. Non-White patients had the shortest median (months) TTNT (17.0; 60.6% with next treatment by 24 months), followed by White (19.2; 56.1% with next treatment by 24 months) and Black patients (21.2; 54.7% with next treatment by 24 months). Although Black patients had descriptively lower testing rates than White patients in 2018 (4.2%), the rates increased overall and became numerically comparable between racial groups by 2023 (29.8%).

CONCLUSIONS: Although NGS testing rates have increased, with less disparity in most recent years, the testing rates are unacceptable for patients with mCSPC, overall and across racial groups, with the majority of patients progressing to the next treatment by 24 months.},
}

@article {pmid41619356,
year = {2026},
author = {Wittenauer, R and Shah, PD and Bacci, JL and Mooney, SJ and Stergachis, A},
title = {Pharmacy access and shingles vaccinations in the US: a propensity score matching analysis.},
journal = {Vaccine},
volume = {75},
number = {},
pages = {128256},
doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128256},
pmid = {41619356},
issn = {1873-2518},
abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Community pharmacists provide many important healthcare services, including routine adult vaccinations. However, an estimated 15.8 million people in the US live in pharmacy deserts and may lack access to these services. The relationship between pharmacy deserts and adult vaccine receipt has yet to be thoroughly explored empirically.

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the relationship between census tract-level pharmacy access and shingles vaccination receipt.

This propensity score matched analysis used 2022 vaccination data from seven collaborating State Departments of Health: Colorado, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Nevada, Oklahoma, Washington, and Wisconsin. Census tracts in those states were classified based on their access to community pharmacies in April 2022. The dataset for analysis contained 9652 census tracts representing 13.7 million adults aged 50+ years.

EXPOSURE: Our primary exposure was whether a census tract was a "pharmacy desert", defined as being both low-income and having low geographic access to pharmacies. Our secondary exposure was whether a tract had low geographic access to pharmacies regardless of income status of that tract.

MAIN OUTCOMES: The primary outcome was completed shingles vaccinations per 1000 population age 50+ years in 2022.

RESULTS: Pharmacy deserts had 0.4 fewer shingles vaccinations per 1000 population (p = 0.83; 95% CI -3.8, 3.6) compared to matched non-pharmacy-desert tracts. Our secondary analysis indicated that low-access tracts had 2.4 fewer vaccinations per 1000 population (p = 0.004, 95% CI: -3.9, -0.7).

CONCLUSIONS: Low pharmacy access is associated with lower rates of shingles vaccination. The definition of pharmacy desert that includes a low-income criterion may not add further precision in identifying areas with inadequate access to pharmacy-based vaccinations. Efforts at the state and national levels to prevent pharmacy closures and support pharmacists in delivering care may improve access to important pharmacy services such as vaccination.},
}

@article {pmid41618895,
year = {2026},
author = {Shadman, M and Chanan-Khan, A and Campbell, D and Xue, M and Massoudi, M and Williams, R and Yang, K and Tam, CS},
title = {Number needed to treat to avoid progression and death and cost analysis: zanubrutinib versus acalabrutinib in relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia.},
journal = {Future oncology (London, England)},
volume = {22},
number = {3},
pages = {339-348},
pmid = {41618895},
issn = {1744-8301},
mesh = {Humans ; *Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy/mortality/pathology/economics ; *Pyrazines/therapeutic use/economics/adverse effects ; *Benzamides/therapeutic use/economics/adverse effects ; *Pyrazoles/therapeutic use/economics/adverse effects ; Piperidines/therapeutic use/economics ; Disease Progression ; Pyrimidines/therapeutic use/economics ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; *Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy/mortality ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; *Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use/economics ; Treatment Outcome ; Models, Economic ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; },
abstract = {AIMS: In the absence of head-to-head comparative trials, this study aimed to compare zanubrutinib versus acalabrutinib in relapsed/refractory (R/R) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) by calculating number needed to treat (NNT) to avoid one disease progression or death and associated economic impact.

METHODS: A health-economic model was developed from US payer perspective using efficacy data from matching-adjusted indirect comparison for overall R/R CLL in base-case analysis, and network meta-analysis for high-risk R/R CLL in the subgroup analysis. The NNT analysis included costs of drug acquisition, adverse event management, medical resource utilization, and subsequent treatment over 24 months. Deterministic sensitivity analyses assessed model uncertainty.

RESULTS: In the base case, zanubrutinib versus acalabrutinib avoided one progression for every 10 patients treated (NNT = 10) and one death for every 15 patients treated (NNT = 15), yielding per-patient cost savings of $7,335 over 24 months. In high-risk R/R CLL subgroup, one progression was avoided per six patients treated (NNT = 6) and one death per 18 patients treated (NNT = 18), with cost savings of $11,533 per patient. Results were robust across sensitivity analyses.

CONCLUSIONS: The NNT analysis demonstrates that treatment with zanubrutinib versus acalabrutinib is associated with more favorable clinical and economic outcomes in R/R CLL, especially in high-risk CLL patients.},
}

Humans
*Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy/mortality/pathology/economics
*Pyrazines/therapeutic use/economics/adverse effects
*Benzamides/therapeutic use/economics/adverse effects
*Pyrazoles/therapeutic use/economics/adverse effects
Piperidines/therapeutic use/economics
Disease Progression
Pyrimidines/therapeutic use/economics
Cost-Benefit Analysis
*Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy/mortality
Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
*Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use/economics
Treatment Outcome
Models, Economic
Costs and Cost Analysis

@article {pmid41616942,
year = {2026},
author = {Keane, EP and Adri, FN and Larizza, IS and Monahan, JA and Song, MT and Boardman, AC and Schaefer, DA and Wu, JH and Conway, S and Brown, L and Baliousis, M and Lee, SJ and Gudenkauf, LM and Amonoo, HL},
title = {Caring for the HSCT Population: Clinician Perspectives on Challenges and Opportunities in Psychosocial Care Delivery.},
journal = {Transplantation and cellular therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtct.2026.01.033},
pmid = {41616942},
issn = {2666-6367},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Patients who receive hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) undergo complex treatment regimens often accompanied by significant physical and psychological symptom burdens. However, patient access to psychosocial care is limited, likely in the context of persistent shortages of supportive care clinicians and services. Clinicians can offer valuable insights into psychosocial needs, barriers to accessing psychosocial support, and recommendations to improve psychosocial care for the HSCT population.

OBJECTIVES: This qualitative study aimed to explore the perspectives of HSCT clinicians to better understand the challenges HSCT recipients face accessing psychosocial support and how these barriers can inform strategies to enhance psychosocial care. Unlike existing literature that largely focuses on unmet needs in the HSCT population from patient perspectives and patient-reported outcomes, this study delves into the unique insights of HSCT clinicians.

STUDY DESIGN: A purposive sampling strategy was employed to recruit clinicians across specialties in the U.S., including mental health and oncology involved in HSCT care. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted to explore psychosocial care within HSCT programs. Using a framework-guided rapid analysis, two coders analyzed the interviews for emergent themes.

RESULTS: Participants (N=21) shared perspectives on multiple emerging themes, including (1) patient psychosocial challenges (e.g., isolation, psychological distress); (2) barriers to psychosocial care (e.g., workforce shortage, gaps in integration and continuity of care); and (3) recommendations to improve care delivery (e.g., adopting a holistic, team-based model that is proactive and tailored to the needs of HSCT patients throughout their treatment and recovery).

CONCLUSION: Findings highlight critical gaps in psychosocial care for HSCT recipients and offer actionable clinician recommendations to improve psychosocial care delivery for the HSCT population.},
}

@article {pmid41616239,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, Y and Qiao, Y and Gao, F and Gauthier, J and Zhang, QE and Voutsinas, J and Leisenring, W and Gooley, T and Summers, C and Hirayama, A and Turtle, CJ and Gardner, R and Zee, J and Wu, QV},
title = {Novel R Shiny Tool for Survival Analysis With Time-Varying Covariate in Oncology Studies: Overcoming Biases and Enhancing Collaboration.},
journal = {JCO clinical cancer informatics},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {e2500225},
doi = {10.1200/CCI-25-00225},
pmid = {41616239},
issn = {2473-4276},
mesh = {Humans ; *Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/methods ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Survival Analysis ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods ; Bias ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; *Medical Oncology/methods ; *Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/therapy/mortality ; *Neoplasms/mortality/therapy ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Our study is motivated by evaluating the role of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy for ALL, a debated topic. Because patients may receive HCT at different times after CAR-T infusion or never, HCT post-CAR-T should be considered as a time-varying covariate (TVC).

METHODS: Standard Cox models and Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves (naïve method) assume that TVC status is known and fixed at baseline, which can yield biased estimates. Landmark analysis is a popular alternative but depends on a chosen landmark time. Time-dependent (TD) Cox model is better suited for TVC although visualizing survival curves is complex. The newly proposed Smith-Zee method generates appropriate survival curves from TD Cox models.

RESULTS: To address these challenges, we developed an open-source R Shiny tool integrating multiple models (naïve Cox, landmark Cox, and TD Cox) and curves (naïve KM, landmark KM, Smith-Zee, and Extended KM) to facilitate TVC analysis. Reanalysis of post-CAR-T HCT's effect on leukemia-free survival (LFS) showed consistent results between naïve and TD Cox models, whereas landmark analyses varied by landmark time. A separate data analysis of chronic graft-versus-host disease and survival showed that substantial differences emerged across statistical methods. Simulations revealed increased bias in naïve methods when TVC changed late and minimal bias when TVC changes occurred early relative to time to events.

CONCLUSION: We recommend TD Cox models and Smith-Zee curves for robust TVC analysis. Our R Shiny tool supports standardized analyses without requiring data sharing, thereby promoting collaboration across different institutions and providing a practical tool to advance survival analysis in oncology research.},
}

Humans
*Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/methods
Proportional Hazards Models
Survival Analysis
Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
Bias
Kaplan-Meier Estimate
*Medical Oncology/methods
*Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/therapy/mortality
*Neoplasms/mortality/therapy

@article {pmid41616055,
year = {2026},
author = {Mitchell, DK and Brewster, K and Jiang, L and Mang, H and Bessler, WK and Li, X and Lu, Q and Qian, S and York, E and Morrow, SK and Dixon, SAH and Davis, C and Chan, KK and Smith, A and Flint, AC and Le, VV and Geisinger, A and Enane, F and Nabet, B and Rhodes, SD and Angus, SP and Clapp, DW},
title = {Inhibition of focal adhesion kinase impairs tumor formation and preserves hearing in a murine model of NF2-related schwannomatosis.},
journal = {Science advances},
volume = {12},
number = {5},
pages = {eady8382},
pmid = {41616055},
issn = {2375-2548},
mesh = {Animals ; Mice ; Disease Models, Animal ; *Neurilemmoma/pathology/genetics/drug therapy/metabolism ; *Neurofibromatoses/pathology/genetics/drug therapy/metabolism ; *Skin Neoplasms/pathology/drug therapy/genetics/metabolism ; *Neurofibromatosis 2/genetics/pathology ; Neurofibromin 2/genetics/metabolism ; *Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; *Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism/genetics ; *Focal Adhesion Kinase 1/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {NF2 (neurofibromatosis type 2)-related schwannomatosis (NF2-SWN) is a cancer predisposition syndrome characterized by the development of bilateral vestibular (VS) and spinal schwannomas. While benign, these tumors can cause substantial morbidity, and effective pharmacological treatments remain limited. Here, we demonstrate that genetic ablation of focal adhesion kinase (Fak/Ptk2) impairs tumor formation and preserves hearing in a murine model of NF2. Mechanistically, we show that Fak deletion decreases macrophage infiltration, attenuates nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2-, leucine rich repeats (LRR)- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome activation, and suppresses the hepatocyte growth factor-MET axis. Pharmacological inhibition of FAK with single agent VS-4718 did not significantly reduce macroscopic tumor volume; however, its use in combination with the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor selumetinib resulted in both a significant reduction in tumor volume and the preservation of dorsal root ganglion architecture. Our findings establish a critical role for FAK in schwannoma development and provide rationale for evaluation of combination FAK plus MEK inhibition in future clinical trials for NF2-associated SWN.},
}

Animals
Mice
Disease Models, Animal
*Neurilemmoma/pathology/genetics/drug therapy/metabolism
*Neurofibromatoses/pathology/genetics/drug therapy/metabolism
*Skin Neoplasms/pathology/drug therapy/genetics/metabolism
*Neurofibromatosis 2/genetics/pathology
Neurofibromin 2/genetics/metabolism
*Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
*Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism/genetics
*Focal Adhesion Kinase 1/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism

@article {pmid41615269,
year = {2026},
author = {Montgomery, B and Lynch, JA and Brown, J and Maxwell, KN and Teerlink, CC and Kabilovic, N and Stoll, K and Simon, J and Kogan, M and Hassan, S and Whitbourne, SB and Muralidhar, S and Schoen, MW and Ramoni, R and Gaziano, JM and Sokolova, AO and Cheng, HH and Etzioni, R and Pritchard, CC},
title = {Remote delivery of cancer genetic testing in veterans with metastatic prostate cancer: A Million Veteran Program pilot study.},
journal = {Cancer},
volume = {132},
number = {3},
pages = {e70283},
pmid = {41615269},
issn = {1097-0142},
support = {//Institute for Prostate Cancer Research/ ; P50CA097186/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; W81XWH-17-2-0043//Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs/ ; W81XWH2220021//Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs/ ; Challenge Award//Prostate Cancer Foundation/ ; Young Investigator Award//Prostate Cancer Foundation/ ; MVP031//US Department of Veterans Affairs/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/diagnosis ; *Genetic Testing/methods ; *Veterans/statistics & numerical data ; Pilot Projects ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Counseling ; Germ-Line Mutation ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; United States ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Germline pathogenic variants can inform targeted therapy for metastatic prostate cancer (mPC), and improve cancer early detection and risk reduction for family members. Guidelines recommend germline genetic testing be offered to all men with mPC, yet uptake of testing is only 10%-12%.

METHODS: This prospective study enrolled veterans participating in the VA Million Veteran Program (MVP) with a diagnosis of mPC. Veterans were contacted by mail with option to opt-out of future contact. Eligible veterans who did not opt-out were mailed study information and received a follow-up phone call to establish interest in germline testing. Participants provided verbal consent and were mailed a saliva collection kit for a CLIA-level multigene cancer predisposition gene panel test. Results were disclosed to the patient and oncology provider. All steps were performed with genetic counseling support.

RESULTS: Of 2104 eligible patients, 1952 veterans with mPC did not opt out. Of these, 681 (35%) provided consent and 459 (24%) completed testing. Of those who were approached 63% were White and 25% were Black. Fifty-nine (13%) of those completing testing carried a germline pathogenic variant in a cancer risk gene. Of the 37 eligible for targeted therapy, 14 received targeted therapy, 18 did not yet have an indication for that therapy, and five were deceased without having received targeted therapy.

CONCLUSIONS: Participant completion of remote germline testing was facilitated at rates higher than the 10% previously reported. Remote genetic testing can augment uptake of testing in large, integrated health care systems.},
}

Humans
Male
*Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/diagnosis
*Genetic Testing/methods
*Veterans/statistics & numerical data
Pilot Projects
Middle Aged
Aged
Prospective Studies
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Genetic Counseling
Germ-Line Mutation
Neoplasm Metastasis
United States

@article {pmid41612517,
year = {2026},
author = {Fladeboe, KM and Fredman, G and Maurer, SH and Zhou, C and Bradford, MC and Yi-Frazier, JP and Salsman, JM and Baker, KS and Mack, MC and Taylor, MR and Rosenberg, AR},
title = {Feasibility and proof-of-concept of a combined resilience and social connection intervention for adolescents and young adults with cancer: a pilot randomized trial protocol.},
journal = {Pilot and feasibility studies},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s40814-026-01775-0},
pmid = {41612517},
issn = {2055-5784},
support = {R00CA267481/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer experience deficits in social connection that persist into survivorship; currently, few interventions target this unmet need. The current article describes the protocol for a pilot, parallel-group randomized controlled trial of a psychosocial intervention [Promoting Resilience in Stress Management (PRISM)] that includes a new skill-based module targeting AYA social needs (SN). The aims are to (1) establish the feasibility and acceptability of the PRISM-SN-adapted program; and (2) demonstrate proof-of-concept via clinically meaningful improvements in patient-reported outcomes (PROs).

METHODS: We anticipate 70 AYAs will enroll and complete data collection at two sites: Seattle Children's Hospital and UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. Eligible AYAs are ages 12-25 years old; diagnosed with a new malignancy < 6 months; treatment plan includes chemotherapy and/or radiation; and are English-speaking. Enrolled AYAs are randomized 1:1 to receive PRISM-SN or usual care and complete surveys at baseline and 12-week follow-up. PRISM-SN includes 5 sessions (4 standard PRISM modules + new SN module) teaching behavioral skills associated with psychosocial wellbeing. Sessions are delivered 1:1 by a trained coach, in person or virtually, 1-2 weeks apart. Feasibility will be defined based on uptake, retention, and patient-reported intervention acceptability. Proof-of-concept will be defined based on clinically meaningful change and detectable differences in PROs at 12 weeks, including social relationship coping efficacy (primary PRO of interest), social support, quality of life, resilience, anxiety, depression, and hope. Descriptive statistics and covariate-adjusted regression models will be used to assess feasibility outcomes and examine trends and between-group differences in PROs across study arms.

DISCUSSION: This pilot trial will determine feasibility of PRISM-SN in the context of a multi-site trial; provide proof-of-concept via effects of PRISM-SN on social connection outcomes; and represent an important step toward addressing an unmet need in AYA cancer care. Future directions include testing efficacy and effectiveness via larger multicenter trials.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT06242964.},
}

@article {pmid41611998,
year = {2026},
author = {Kendra, KL and Bellasea, SL and Eroglu, Z and Hu-Lieskovan, S and Campbell, KM and Carson, WE and Wada, DA and Plaza, JA and In, GK and Ikeguchi, A and Hyngstrom, J and Brohl, AS and Chmielowski, B and Khushalani, NI and Markowitz, J and Monroe, M and Contreras, CM and Bowles, T and Norman, K and Medina, E and Gonzalez, CR and Baselga-Carretero, I and Garcilazo, IP and Vega-Crespo, A and Chen, JM and Deen, NNA and Patel, SP and Grossmann, KF and Sondak, VK and Sharon, E and Moon, J and Wu, MC and Ribas, A},
title = {Neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade in surgically resectable desmoplastic melanoma: cohort A of the phase 2 SWOG S1512 trial.},
journal = {Nature cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41611998},
issn = {2662-1347},
support = {P01 CA244118/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R35 CA197633/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; P01 CA244118/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R35 CA197633/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {The phase 2 SWOG S1512 trial (NCT02775851) was designed to evaluate the response to pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1) in individuals with desmoplastic melanoma. Here we report the results of cohort A of the trial, evaluating the pathological complete response (pCR) rate of neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade in surgically resectable desmoplastic melanoma. Secondary endpoints included clinical response rate, overall survival and toxicities. Twenty-eight eligible individuals with resectable desmoplastic melanoma received intravenous pembrolizumab (200 mg) every 3 weeks three times, followed by excision. Tissue samples before treatment, at 3-5 weeks after treatment initiation and at the time of surgery were reviewed. The primary endpoint of pCR rate by local pathological review was 71% (95% confidence interval, 51-87%; P < 0.001), which met the prespecified endpoint. There were two (7%) grade 3 treatment-related adverse events. At three years of follow-up, four participants have died, none known to be from melanoma or adverse events. In conclusion, neoadjuvant pembrolizumab in individuals with resectable desmoplastic melanoma results in a high pCR rate with acceptable safety profile. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02775851 .},
}

@article {pmid41609736,
year = {2026},
author = {Omange, WR and Varco-Merth, BD and Fadeyi, O and Marenco, A and Takata, H and Duell, DM and Goodwin, WD and Armitage, P and Fennessey, CM and Kose, E and Immonen, TT and Kosmider, E and Bosche, WJ and Fast, R and Homick, C and Oswald, K and Shoemaker, R and Bochart, R and MacAllister, R and Labriola, CS and Smedley, JV and Axthelm, MK and Edlefsen, PT and Keele, BF and Lifson, JD and Gergen, J and Petsch, B and Rauch, S and Picker, LJ and Okoye, AA},
title = {Boosting SIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses prior to ART interruption extends time to SIVmac239 rebound.},
journal = {The Journal of clinical investigation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1172/JCI198294},
pmid = {41609736},
issn = {1558-8238},
abstract = {HIV/SIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses are typically unable to control viral rebound following antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption (ATI). To investigate whether enhancing the magnitude and activation of SIV-specific CD8+ T cells at the time of ATI can improve the immune interception of reactivating SIV infections we vaccinated SIVmac239-infected rhesus macaques (RMs) on ART, boosting immediately prior to ATI, with a nucleoside-unmodified mRNA vaccine expressing SIVmac239 Gag (mRNA/SIVgag) alone or in combination with Nef (mRNA/SIVnef) and Pol (mRNA/SIVpol). The mRNA/SIVgag vaccine was effective in boosting Gag-specific CD8+ T cells in blood and lymphoid tissues. Following ATI, the mRNA/SIV-Gag vaccine group showed a significant delay in time to measurable viral rebound compared to controls, and manifested lower plasma viral loads (PVL) for up to 6 weeks after rebound. Similarly, RMs that received mRNA/SIVgag, mRNA/SIVnef, and mRNA/SIVpol also manifested a delay in SIV rebound compared to controls, suggesting that boosting SIV-specific CD8+ T cells during ATI can enhance early immune targeting of reactivating SIV infections. However, viral control was not sustained long-term as PVLs were similar across vaccinees and controls by 24 weeks post-rebound, highlighting the need for adjunctive therapies to improve the durability of virologic control elicited by CD8+ T cell-targeting vaccines.},
}

@article {pmid41608119,
year = {2026},
author = {Brumm, VL and Kidd, SA and Logan, BR and Chunara, F and Heimall, J and Griffith, LM and Kohn, DB and Sanchez, L and Bednarski, JJ and Martinez, C and Lugt, MV and Kapoor, N and Wright, N and Spitzer, B and Oved, JH and Chandra, S and Chellapandian, D and Ebens, CL and Petrovic, A and Rayes, A and Haines, HL and Lust, H and Schofield, HT and Christopher, L and Harris, LL and Satter, LF and Burroughs, L and Dvorak, CC and Haddad, E and Leiding, JW and Marsh, RA and Notarangelo, LD and Pai, SY and Pulsipher, MA and Puck, JM and Cowan, MJ and Shah, AJ},
title = {Neurodevelopmental outcomes following hematopoietic cell transplantation for patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID): A PIDTC study.},
journal = {Journal of human immunity},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {e20250163},
pmid = {41608119},
issn = {3065-8993},
abstract = {Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a potentially curative treatment for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Since the initiation of newborn screening (NBS), survival rates have improved significantly, but the impact of HCT upon neurodevelopment for patients with SCID requires more investigation. We performed a cross-sectional study of subjects with SCID in North America to assess the impact of NBS, transplant conditioning regimen, and genotype on neurodevelopmental outcomes after HCT. 69 subjects with SCID from 17 PIDTC centers (excluding those with ADA deficiency), ages 6-16 years, received comprehensive standardized neurodevelopmental testing of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional function. Compared with the normative population, our subjects performed in the average range. We found no impact of NBS, chemotherapy conditioning, or genotype. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant decrease in IQ in subjects whose families earned <$50,000 per year. We recommend that children treated by HCT for SCID be monitored with periodic cognitive and behavioral assessments for deficits that could potentially impact long-term ND outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid41605897,
year = {2026},
author = {Domingo-Domènech, E and Pro, B and Illidge, T and Horwitz, S and Trumper, L and Iyer, S and Advani, R and Bartlett, NL and Christensen, JH and Kim, WS and Feldman, T and Choi, I and Gritti, G and Belada, D and Shustov, A and Illes, A and Zinzani, PL and Hüttmann, A and Trneny, M and Le Gouill, S and Jagadeesh, D and Friedberg, JW and Little, M and Dong, C and Fanale, M and Fenton, K and Savage, KJ},
title = {Correction: Brentuximab vedotin plus chemotherapy for the treatment of front-line systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma: subgroup analysis of the ECHELON-2 study at 5 years' follow-up.},
journal = {Blood cancer journal},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {21},
doi = {10.1038/s41408-025-01432-4},
pmid = {41605897},
issn = {2044-5385},
}

@article {pmid41605547,
year = {2026},
author = {Roche, SD and Kamolloh, K and Thuo, N and Opiyo, M and Ogello, V and Odira, A and Owidi, E and Ochwal, P and Hewa, M and Adiema, L and Mogaka, F and Omollo, VO and Malen, RC and Harkey, K and Stewart, J and Ngure, K and Ortblad, KF and Bukusi, EA},
title = {Implementing long-acting injectable HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis services at private pharmacies in Kenya: client, pharmacy provider and key stakeholder perspectives on potential challenges and opportunities.},
journal = {BMJ global health},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41605547},
issn = {2059-7908},
support = {R00 MH121166/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Kenya ; *Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis/methods ; *HIV Infections/prevention & control ; Female ; Adult ; Male ; *Pharmacies ; *Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Qualitative Research ; Young Adult ; Injections ; Pilot Projects ; Interviews as Topic ; Stakeholder Participation ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Maximising the impact of new and forthcoming long-acting injectable HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) products will require novel delivery approaches that widen accessibility and prioritise clients' needs and preferences. To understand the potential barriers and facilitators to delivering injectable PrEP via private pharmacies in Kenya, we conducted qualitative formative research.

METHODS: From July to September 2023, we interviewed pharmacy providers, pharmacy clients and other key stakeholders of HIV service delivery in Central and Western Kenya. Our purposive sample included some providers and clients with prior experience delivering or obtaining oral PrEP at a pharmacy as part of a pilot study and some without such experience. We analysed verbatim transcripts thematically using a combination of inductive and deductive approaches, the latter informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

RESULTS: We interviewed 25 pharmacy clients, 16 pharmacy providers and nine key stakeholders. Each group was ~50% female, and median age among clients was 25 (IQR 23-29). Overall, participants supported the idea of pharmacy-based injectable PrEP delivery. Anticipated facilitators included perceived benefits of injectable over oral PrEP; characteristics of pharmacies (eg, long operating hours) that could fulfil clients' need for accessible, fast and private injectable PrEP services; and existing skillsets of pharmacy providers, especially those already trained on injectable contraception. Anticipated barriers included gaps in enabling policy; pharmacies' lack of integration with the public health sector, such as its health information system; low client knowledge of and/or ability to pay for injectable PrEP and pharmacy staffing and compensation structures that could disincentivise providers.

CONCLUSIONS: Participants in this study expressed cautious optimism that private pharmacies could be an effective delivery channel for injectable PrEP in Kenya. If private pharmacies facilitate access to and use of injectable PrEP, they could play a pivotal role in ending HIV as a public health threat.},
}

Humans
Kenya
*Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis/methods
*HIV Infections/prevention & control
Female
Adult
Male
*Pharmacies
*Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
Qualitative Research
Young Adult
Injections
Pilot Projects
Interviews as Topic
Stakeholder Participation

@article {pmid41605126,
year = {2026},
author = {Watanabe, R and Miura, N and Kikugawa, T and Saika, T and Haffner, MC and Nelson, PS},
title = {Molecular pathology of rare histologic variants and treatment-resistant lineages of prostate cancer.},
journal = {Urologic oncology},
volume = {44},
number = {4},
pages = {110987},
doi = {10.1016/j.urolonc.2025.110987},
pmid = {41605126},
issn = {1873-2496},
abstract = {Rare histological variants of prostate cancer-including ductal adenocarcinoma, intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P), neuroendocrine carcinoma, basal cell/adenoid cystic carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, sarcomatoid carcinoma, and stromal tumors-exhibit highly diverse biological behaviors and distinct molecular features. Accurate pathological recognition is essential, as these entities frequently diverge from conventional acinar adenocarcinoma in morphology, genomic alterations, therapeutic responsiveness, and clinical outcomes. Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) and ductal adenocarcinoma often display genomic instability and aggressive clinical behavior, including enrichment for homologous recombination repair (HRR) defects and hypoxia-related pathways. Neuroendocrine subtypes, including de novo and treatment-related NEPC as well as double-negative prostate cancer (DNPC), are characterized by androgen receptor (AR) independence, RB1/TP53 loss, low prostate-specific antigen (PSA) production, and poor prognosis, reflecting lineage plasticity under therapeutic pressure. Other rare tumors-such as basal cell carcinoma/adenoid cystic carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and stromal tumors (STUMP and prostatic stromal sarcoma)-demonstrate unique pathological patterns and limited responsiveness to standard systemic therapies, underscoring the importance of tailored diagnostic and management strategies. This review integrates the histopathological, molecular, and emerging spatial transcriptomic insights across this spectrum of rare and treatment-resistant prostate cancer subtypes. By highlighting shared mechanisms such as genomic instability, androgen receptor (AR) pathway bypass, and microenvironmental remodeling, we outline key diagnostic considerations and evolving therapeutic implications relevant to precision oncology.},
}

@article {pmid41604784,
year = {2026},
author = {Kuhlmann, AS and Hamlin, DK and Li, Y and Wang, X and Li, L and Orvig, C and Kiem, HP and Sandmaier, BM and Wilbur, DS and Pincus, S and Harrington, RD},
title = {In vitro evaluation of anti-HIV radioimmunoconjugates labeled with astatine-211, thorium-227 and actinium-225.},
journal = {Nuclear medicine and biology},
volume = {154-155},
number = {},
pages = {109602},
doi = {10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2026.109602},
pmid = {41604784},
issn = {1872-9614},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: We conducted an in vitro investigation of the selective cytotoxicity of alpha-emitting radioimmunoconjugates (α-RICs) directed against cells expressing HIV envelope (Env) proteins. It is well known that monoclonal antibody (mAb)-targeted α-emitting radionuclides can effectively kill antigen-expressing cells; however, the expected low-level expression of HIV antigens on latently infected cells poses an obstacle to all anti-HIV immune-based treatments, including α-RICs. This investigation tested the cytotoxicity of the HIV envelope antigen-binding mAbs, PGT126 (binding gp120) and 7B2 (binding gp41), conjugated with labeling chelators that bind the α-emitters astatine-211 ([211]At), actinium-225 ([225]Ac) or thorium-227 ([227]Th).

METHODS: High specific activity (SA) preparations of the α-RICs were made to increase the proportion of mAb conjugates carrying the α-emitting isotope. RIC cytolytic activity was evaluated against a cell line stably expressing the HIV envelope.

RESULTS: [211]At-labeled mAb conjugates did not demonstrate specific cell killing, while the longer lived radiometal α-RICs, [227]Th and [225]Ac, efficiently and specifically killed HIV envelope expressing cells.

CONCLUSIONS: Potential explanations for these differential effects include the longer half-lives of [225]Ac and [227]Th compared to [211]At and differences in the decay properties of radiometals compared to radiohalogens. These encouraging in vitro results suggest that in vivo evaluations of α-RIC in depleting the HIV harboring cells are warranted.},
}

@article {pmid41603726,
year = {2026},
author = {Pareek, E and Pershad, Y and Zhao, K and Uddin, MM and Xue, L and Vlasschaert, C and Mack, TM and Haessler, J and Collins, JM and Glick, E and Glaser, V and Heise, R and Ling, W and Haring, B and Shadyab, A and Beydoun, H and Wallace, R and Jaiswal, S and Manson, JE and Natarajan, P and Honigberg, MC and Kooperberg, C and Whitsel, EA and Kitzman, JO and Bick, AG and Reiner, AR and Desai, P},
title = {Metformin does not significantly alter longitudinal dynamics of clonal hematopoiesis.},
journal = {Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-25-3606},
pmid = {41603726},
issn = {1557-3265},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Early intervention in patients with Clonal Hematopoiesis (CH) is an area of intense investigation with no currently approved agents. With recent mechanistic data on metformin as a possible therapeutic agent in CH and its availability in clinical practice, we sought to investigate clonal dynamics of CH mutations in metformin users.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We analyzed longitudinal targeted deep sequencing of 1,104 CH mutations in 863 metformin-treated type 2 diabetic participants in two longitudinal cohorts: WHI and BioVu with blood collected at a median of 15.8 and 6.1 years apart respectively.

RESULTS: Metformin duration (per 6 months) was not significantly associated with overall CH growth rate in WHI (β = -0.05%/year; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.11 to 0.01; P = 0.08; N = 543) and in BioVU (β = -0.09%/year; 95% CI: -0.22 to 0.05; P = 0.20; N = 561) . Inverse-variance weighted random-effect meta-analysis demonstrated a small, statistically significant association (β = -0.06%/year; 95% CI: -0.11 to -0.002; P = 0.04; N = 1,104) without significant heterogeneity (P = 0.60). These results were similar when only considering DNMT3A and DNMT3A R882 clones.

CONCLUSIONS: In our cohorts, duration of metformin use among diabetic users was associated with a small reduction in CH growth rate (-0.06%/year), which is modest compared to typical DNMT3A clonal growth rates of 5-7% annually. Metformin's clinical utility for modulating clonal dynamics in real-world settings appear limited and its clinical use for this indication requires further investigation in prospective studies.},
}

@article {pmid41603138,
year = {2026},
author = {Guleria, I and Connelly-Smith, LS and Bapat, A and Klein, M and Alkhateeb, H and Jacob, EK and Mahanta, S and Anandappa, AJ and Cui, W and Reich-Slotky, R and Celluzzi, C and Spitzer, TR},
title = {Chimerism and a framework for clinical practice: A report from the Cellular Therapies Section Coordinating Committee (CTSCC) of Association for Advancement of Blood and Biotherapies (AABB).},
journal = {Transfusion},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/trf.70095},
pmid = {41603138},
issn = {1537-2995},
}

@article {pmid41602559,
year = {2025},
author = {Mohtashemi, N and Spaczai, J and Guo, R and Tseng, CH and Cambou, MC and Emel, L and Ship, H and Zhang, TH and Chiu, SH and Stranix-Chibanda, L and Chipato, T and Kintu, K and Manji, KP and Moodley, D and Currier, JS and Thio, CL and Maldonado, Y and Bhattacharya, D},
title = {High HBV Seroprotection Rates in Infants Born to People with HIV and HBV Infection in Sub-Saharan Africa.},
journal = {Vaccine: X},
volume = {27},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41602559},
issn = {2590-1362},
support = {R01 AI100748/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R01 HD085862/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States ; },
}

@article {pmid41593091,
year = {2026},
author = {LaBella, D and Schumacher, K and Mix, M and Leu, K and McBurney-Lin, S and Nedelec, P and Villanueva-Meyer, J and Raleigh, DR and Shapey, J and Vercauteren, T and Chia, K and Ivory, M and Barfoot, T and Al-Salihi, O and Leu, J and Halasz, LM and Velichko, Y and Wang, C and Kirkpatrick, JP and Floyd, SR and Reitman, ZJ and Mullikin, TC and Vaios, EJ and Bagci, U and Sachdev, S and Hattangadi-Gluth, JA and Seibert, TM and Farid, N and Puett, C and Pease, MW and Shiue, K and Anwar, SM and Faghani, S and Taylor, P and Warman, P and Albrecht, J and Jakab, A and Moassefi, M and Chung, V and Chai, R and Aristizabal, A and Karargyris, A and Kassem, H and Pati, S and Sheller, M and Maleki, N and Saluja, R and Kofler, F and Schwarz, CG and Lohmann, P and Vollmuth, P and Gagnon, L and Adewole, M and Hongwei B, L and Kazerooni, AF and Tahon, NH and Anazodo, U and Moawad, AW and Menze, B and Linguraru, MG and Aboian, M and Wiestler, B and Baid, U and Conte, GM and Rauschecker, AM and Nada, A and Abayazeed, AH and Huang, R and de Verdier, MC and Rudie, JD and Bakas, S and Calabrese, E},
title = {The 2024 Brain Tumor Segmentation Challenge Meningioma Radiotherapy (BraTS-MEN-RT) dataset.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41597-026-06649-x},
pmid = {41593091},
issn = {2052-4463},
support = {U01CA242871//Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Inc.)/ ; U24CA279629//Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Inc.)/ ; NCI/ITCR U01CA242871//Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Inc.)/ ; NCI K08CA256045//Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Inc.)/ ; },
abstract = {Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors, frequently requiring radiotherapy as a part of management. Effective radiotherapy planning for meningiomas necessitates accurate and consistent segmentation of target volumes on MRI, a process that is complex, labor-intensive, and dependent on expert expertise. The 2024 Brain Tumor Segmentation Challenge Meningioma Radiotherapy (BraTS-MEN-RT) Dataset addresses this problem by providing the largest multi-institutional collection of systematically annotated radiotherapy planning MRIs for meningiomas. Publicly accessible, this dataset comprises 570 radiotherapy planning 3D T1-weighted post-contrast MRIs at native resolutions, with 500 cases featuring expert-annotated gross tumor volumes (GTV). Annotations follow standardized radiotherapy planning protocols and include both intact and postoperative meningioma cases, ensuring wide clinical relevance. Contributions from seven diverse medical centers across the United States and the United Kingdom enhance the dataset's generalizability. The dataset aims to accelerate the development of automated segmentation methods for radiotherapy planning, improving workflow efficiency, reducing interobserver variability, and ultimately enhancing patient outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid41592768,
year = {2026},
author = {Thompson, RN and Bansal, S and Clapham, H and Dyson, L and Gutierrez, MA and Hadley, L and Hart, WS and Heesterbeek, H and Hollingsworth, TD and House, T and Howerton, E and Isham, V and Lessler, J and Leung, K and Li, X and McBryde, E and McCaw, JM and Mollison, D and Pan-Ngum, W and Parag, K and Pellis, L and Scarabel, F and Swallow, B and Thumbi, SM and Tran-Kiem, C and Viboud, C and Plank, MJ},
title = {Infectious disease outbreak controllability: biological, social and public health factors.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {293},
number = {2063},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2025.2848},
pmid = {41592768},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; *Public Health ; *Communicable Disease Control/methods ; *Communicable Diseases/epidemiology ; Epidemiological Models ; },
abstract = {Early in an infectious disease outbreak, key policy questions include whether and how the outbreak can be brought under control. In the epidemiological modelling literature, analyses of outbreak controllability have often focused on metrics such as reproduction numbers (which quantify the number of infections generated by each infected individual). However, whether an outbreak can be controlled is a complex question, depending on both the precise definition of 'under control' used and numerous factors affecting decision-makers' ability to implement transmission-reducing measures. Here, based on discussions at the Isaac Newton Institute's 'Modelling and inference for pandemic preparedness' programme (5-30 August 2024), we describe a wide range of factors affecting outbreak controllability in practice. Programme participants came from institutions in ten countries, enabling discussions to reflect experiences of using models to inform policy in different settings. We divide the factors according to whether they relate predominantly to characteristics of the pathogen, host population or available interventions, and describe policy considerations when assessing whether an outbreak is controllable.},
}

Humans
*Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control
*Public Health
*Communicable Disease Control/methods
*Communicable Diseases/epidemiology
Epidemiological Models

@article {pmid41592262,
year = {2026},
author = {Banerjee, R and King, T and Faiman, B and Harding, S and Rosenberg, AS and Sanchorawala, V and Mikhael, JR and Cowan, AJ},
title = {Past, Present, and Future of Dexamethasone in Multiple Myeloma and AL Amyloidosis.},
journal = {Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {JCO2501713},
doi = {10.1200/JCO-25-01713},
pmid = {41592262},
issn = {1527-7755},
abstract = {For over half a century, dexamethasone has been a backbone of treatment regimens for plasma cell disorders such as multiple myeloma (MM) and light-chain (AL) amyloidosis. Dexamethasone doses of approximately 40 milligrams (mg) once weekly are often continued for months or years despite accumulating evidence that they can cause dose-dependent toxicities such as cataracts and infections. Acute dexamethasone-related toxicities such as insomnia or pedal edema, even if low-grade by clinical criteria, can significantly interfere with patient quality of life. In the past 5 years, several trials have demonstrated the efficacy and improved tolerability of corticosteroid-sparing regimens in MM. In this review, we discuss these and other studies to comprehensively assess the role of dexamethasone in the modern era. In newly diagnosed MM, robust data support planned dexamethasone discontinuation after one to two cycles in older and frailer patients. In the maintenance setting, the risk-benefit ratio of prolonged dexamethasone is unfavorable. While randomized trials have shown that once-weekly dexamethasone adds value within doublet regimens in relapsed/refractory MM, its contribution to triplet and quadruplet regimens is uncertain. Furthermore, data suggest that indefinite dexamethasone may actually limit the feasibility and efficacy of subsequent postprogression therapies. In AL amyloidosis, dexamethasone 40 mg once weekly for 6 months is excessive and may predispose patients to volume overload. In our review, we also discuss dexamethasone as a premedication for CD38-targeted monoclonal antibodies (where it is no longer required after one to two cycles) and for supportive care (where lower doses of 4-8 mg as needed can often suffice). Despite the historical inertia of corticosteroid-containing regimens in clinical trials and practice guidelines, corticosteroid-sparing regimens warrant prospective investigation across the gamut of plasma cell disorders.},
}

@article {pmid41591908,
year = {2026},
author = {Kuang, D and Hanchate, NK and Lee, CY and Heck, A and Ye, X and Erdenebileg, M and Mehta, C and Hassan, MM and Setty, M and Buck, LB},
title = {Olfactory inputs to appetite neurons in the hypothalamus.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {123},
number = {5},
pages = {e2524926123},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2524926123},
pmid = {41591908},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {None//HHMI (HHMI)/ ; R01 DC015032/GF/NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DC016941/GF/NIH HHS/United States ; R35GM147125//NIH / National Institute of General Medical Sciences/ ; None//Millen Literary Trust/ ; VS0321//Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity/ ; VS2412//Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity/ ; None//Stoneygate Trust (The Stoneygate Trust)/ ; UCL2021/1//Rosetrees Trust (Rosetrees)/ ; MR/X003957/1//UKRI MRC New Investigator Research Grant/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Neurons/metabolism/physiology ; Mice ; *Appetite/physiology ; Agouti-Related Protein/metabolism/genetics ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin/metabolism/genetics ; *Hypothalamus/physiology/cytology/metabolism ; Male ; *Smell/physiology ; *Olfactory Cortex/physiology/metabolism ; *Olfactory Pathways/physiology ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus/physiology/cytology/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The sense of smell has potent effects on appetite, but the underlying neural pathways remain undefined. Here, we investigated how olfactory signals reach two subsets of appetite-linked ("appetite") neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus: Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons, which stimulate appetite, and POMC (pro-opiomelanocortin) neurons, which suppress it. Using polysynaptic viral tracing, we show that AgRP and POMC neurons receive indirect input from partially overlapping but distinct areas of the olfactory cortex, indicating that they process different sets of olfactory information. We also identify different complements of neurons more directly upstream of AgRP and POMC neurons that could relay olfactory cortical signals to the appetite neurons. Single-cell transcriptomics shows heterogeneous expression of neuromodulator receptors among AgRP neurons, suggesting variations in the signals they receive. Integrated viral tracing and RNA localization further reveals selected brain areas where upstream neurons express cognate receptor ligands. Together, these findings outline multiple pathways by which distinct olfactory and modulatory signals are differentially routed to neurons that promote versus inhibit appetite.},
}

Animals
*Neurons/metabolism/physiology
Mice
*Appetite/physiology
Agouti-Related Protein/metabolism/genetics
Pro-Opiomelanocortin/metabolism/genetics
*Hypothalamus/physiology/cytology/metabolism
Male
*Smell/physiology
*Olfactory Cortex/physiology/metabolism
*Olfactory Pathways/physiology
Mice, Inbred C57BL
*Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus/physiology/cytology/metabolism

@article {pmid41591905,
year = {2026},
author = {Traphagen, NA and Wheeler, E and Li, R and Akhshi, T and Ravindranathan, R and Alfieri, C and Lu, F and Ahmed, B and Tewari, AK and Balk, SP and Nelson, PS and Corey, E and Long, H and D'Andrea, AD and Qiu, X and Brown, M},
title = {Lack of synergy between AR-targeted therapies and PARP inhibitors in homologous recombination-proficient prostate cancer.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {123},
number = {5},
pages = {e2515790122},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2515790122},
pmid = {41591905},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {HT94252310910//DOD | MHS | Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs (CDMRP)/ ; 5P01CA163227//HHS | NIH (NIH)/ ; },
mesh = {Male ; *Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Humans ; *Homologous Recombination/drug effects ; *Receptors, Androgen/metabolism/genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; *Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/drug therapy/genetics/pathology/metabolism ; *Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/metabolism ; DNA Repair/drug effects ; Animals ; *Androgen Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology ; Drug Synergism ; Mice ; },
abstract = {Recent clinical trials have explored the combination of androgen receptor (AR) pathway inhibitors and poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors as a potential treatment for castration-resistant prostate cancer. This combination treatment is based on the premise that AR directly regulates expression of DNA repair genes, leading to synergy between PARP and AR inhibition. Despite some promising preclinical evidence, this combination therapy has shown limited efficacy in patients with homologous recombination (HR)-proficient tumors. To investigate this discrepancy between preclinical and clinical results, we profiled the effects of PARP inhibition in prostate cancer models in the presence or absence of AR inhibition. Surprisingly, AR inhibition impaired response to PARP inhibitors in castration-sensitive cells and had no effect on response in castration-resistant cells. AR inhibition also did not regulate DNA repair in either the castration-resistant or castration-sensitive setting. Instead, we find that cell cycle progression is required for response to PARP inhibition in homologous recombination-proficient prostate cancer.},
}

Male
*Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors/pharmacology/therapeutic use
Humans
*Homologous Recombination/drug effects
*Receptors, Androgen/metabolism/genetics
Cell Line, Tumor
*Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/drug therapy/genetics/pathology/metabolism
*Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/metabolism
DNA Repair/drug effects
Animals
*Androgen Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
Drug Synergism
Mice

@article {pmid41591647,
year = {2026},
author = {Hsu, A and Fassett, T and Pallagi, S and Panch, SR},
title = {Patient and Physician Experiences in Immune Thrombocytopenia.},
journal = {Advances in therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41591647},
issn = {1865-8652},
abstract = {Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a rare autoimmune disease that results in low platelet counts and an increased risk of spontaneous bleeding due to impaired blood clotting. Several therapeutic approaches can be used to treat patients with ITP. However, many patients either lose response in the long term or are unable to maintain a response after treatment discontinuation, necessitating chronic treatment and multiple lines of therapy. Here, two patients with ITP share their experience, each providing a firsthand description of their ITP diagnosis, symptoms, management, and perspectives on the future. These stories are complemented by a clinical review of ITP pathophysiology, symptoms, and treatments presented by two expert hematologists who care for patients with ITP. The physician perspective reinforces the challenges faced by patients in everyday life and highlights the remaining areas of concern regarding the treatment of chronic ITP.},
}

@article {pmid41591383,
year = {2026},
author = {Bernard, MJ and Gallardo, A and Ruiz, A and Diaz, JA and Nunley, NM and Dove, RN and Zhang, S and Lee, E and Heering, KY and Varuzhanyan, G and Bopardikar, S and Hashimoto, T and Agrawal, R and Smith, CM and Wilde, BR and Matulionis, N and Richards, HM and Lee, SCS and Sharifi, MN and Lang, JM and Zhao, SG and Witte, ON and Haffner, MC and Shackelford, DB and Boutros, PC and Christofk, HR and Goldstein, AS},
title = {OGDHL promotes prostate cancer progression and regulates neuroendocrine marker expression and nucleotide abundance.},
journal = {Molecular cancer research : MCR},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-25-0913},
pmid = {41591383},
issn = {1557-3125},
abstract = {As cancer cells evade therapeutic pressure and adopt alternate lineage identities not commonly observed in the tissue of origin, they likely adopt alternate metabolic programs to support their evolving demands. Targeting these alternative metabolic programs in distinct molecular subtypes of aggressive prostate cancer may lead to new therapeutic approaches to combat treatment-resistance. We identify the poorly studied metabolic enzyme Oxoglutarate Dehydrogenase-Like (OGDHL), named for its structural similarity to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzyme Oxoglutarate Dehydrogenase (OGDH), as an unexpected regulator of tumor growth, treatment-induced lineage plasticity, and DNA Damage in prostate cancer. While OGDHL has been described as a tumor-suppressor in various cancers, we find that its loss impairs prostate cancer cell proliferation and tumor formation. Loss of OGDHL reduces nucleotide synthesis, induces accumulation of the DNA damage response marker ƔH2AX, and alters Androgen Receptor inhibition-induced plasticity. Our data suggest that OGDHL has minimal impact on TCA cycle activity, and that mitochondrial localization is not required for its regulation of nucleotide metabolism. Finally, we demonstrate that OGDHL expression is tightly correlated with neuroendocrine differentiation in clinical prostate cancer, and that knockdown of OGDHL impairs growth of cell line models of neuroendocrine prostate cancer. These findings underscore the importance of investigating poorly characterized metabolic genes as potential regulators of distinct molecular subtypes of aggressive cancer. Implications: OGDHL emerged as an unexpected metabolic dependency associated with lineage plasticity and neuroendocrine differentiation, implicating poorly studied metabolic enzymes as potential targets for treatment-resistant prostate cancer.},
}

@article {pmid41588841,
year = {2026},
author = {Peoples, AR and Damerell, V and Ose, J and Siegel, EM and Lin, T and Hardikar, S and Himbert, C and Ilozumba, MN and Schrotz-King, P and Crowder, SL and Toriola, AT and Shibata, D and Li, CI and Byrd, DA and Aßmann, ES and Jim, HSL and Figueiredo, JC and Ulrich, CM and Gigic, B},
title = {Association of Sleep Disturbance With Survival After Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis: Results From the ColoCare Study.},
journal = {Cancer medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {e71576},
pmid = {41588841},
issn = {2045-7634},
support = {//Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum/ ; //Matthias Lackas-Stiftung/ ; //Heidelberger Stiftung Chirurgie/ ; //Rahel-Goitein-Straus-Program Medical Faculty Heidelberg University/ ; //Huntsman Cancer Foundation/ ; //Claussen-Simon-Stiftung/ ; 01KD2101D//Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung/ ; K07 CA222060/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; KL2TR002539/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R01 CA189184/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R01 CA207371/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R01 CA211705/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R03AG067994/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; T32 HG008962/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; U01206110/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; //German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research, (DKTK)/ ; //Stiftung LebensBlicke/ ; },
mesh = {Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Colorectal Neoplasms/mortality/complications/diagnosis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology ; Neoplasm Staging ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Quality of Life ; *Sleep Wake Disorders/epidemiology/etiology/diagnosis ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Sleep problems are common among cancer patients. The relationship between sleep disruption and clinical outcomes after colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis remains poorly understood. We investigated associations of sleep disruption with survival and recurrence in patients with CRC.

METHODS: CRC patients with stages I-IV (N = 895) were included in this study. Self-reported sleep disturbance was assessed presurgery using the sleep item from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core-30 and classified into "no/mild" or "moderate/severe" sleep disturbance. Cox-proportional hazard models were computed (HRs and 95% confidence intervals) to investigate associations of sleep disturbance with overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and risk of recurrence, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, tumor stage and site, and study site.

RESULTS: Thirty percent of patients reported moderate/severe sleep disturbance. N = 190 (21%) were deceased after a median follow-up of 31 months, whereas 74 patients (15%) had a recurrence. Patients with moderate/severe vs. no/mild sleep disturbance had worse OS (HR = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.07-1.98; p = 0.02). There were no significant associations for sleep disturbance with DFS and risk of recurrence. Stratified analyses indicated that the worse OS rates due to sleep disturbance were stronger in patients who were middle-aged and older, male, overweight/obese, diagnosed with rectal cancer and stage I-III.

CONCLUSIONS: Poor sleep is common among CRC patients and is associated with worse overall survival. These findings highlight the potential value of preoperative sleep screening as a way to identify patients at higher risk of poor outcomes, warranting further investigation in future studies.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02328677.},
}

Aged
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
*Colorectal Neoplasms/mortality/complications/diagnosis
Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology
Neoplasm Staging
Proportional Hazards Models
Quality of Life
*Sleep Wake Disorders/epidemiology/etiology/diagnosis

@article {pmid41587559,
year = {2026},
author = {Seshadri, C and Flynn, JL and Maiello, P and Schnappinger, D and Wilkinson, RJ and Gordon, SB and Mwandumba, HC and Jambo, KC and Hoft, DF and Rubin, EJ and Jamrozik, E and Fortune, SM and Kublin, JG},
title = {Controlled human infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis: practical considerations for clinical trials.},
journal = {The Lancet. Microbe},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {101278},
doi = {10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101278},
pmid = {41587559},
issn = {2666-5247},
abstract = {Controlled human infection models (CHIMs) can accelerate vaccine development for infectious diseases. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a human-adapted pathogen that is the leading infectious cause of death worldwide. M tuberculosis infection results in a spectrum of clinical outcomes that are incompletely modelled in animals. To date, the risks of infection, prolonged treatment, and sequelae related to CHIMs with M tuberculosis have been considered ethically unacceptable. However, recent advances in bacterial engineering have resulted in safe strains that could permit M tuberculosis CHIM studies with reduced risks. In this Personal View, we address the practical considerations for conducting a pulmonary M tuberculosis CHIM study. We summarise the ethical issues of M tuberculosis CHIM studies in tuberculosis-endemic and non-endemic settings; describe safety considerations, such as optimising the challenge dose and minimising risks to third parties; and outline and prioritise clinical, microbiological, immunological, and radiological endpoints that would render such a model useful for vaccine development.},
}

@article {pmid41587482,
year = {2026},
author = {Shadman, M and Tam, CS and Brander, DM and Lefebure, M and Yang, K and Xu, S and Tian, T and Kuptsova-Clarkson, N and Williams, R and Hirata, J and Munir, T},
title = {An Indirect Comparison of Zanubrutinib vs Acalabrutinib Plus Venetoclax in Patients With Treatment-Naive CLL.},
journal = {Blood advances},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1182/bloodadvances.2025018536},
pmid = {41587482},
issn = {2473-9537},
abstract = {In the phase 3 randomized SEQUOIA study (NCT03336333), zanubrutinib (arm A) demonstrated superior progression-free survival (PFS) compared with bendamustine-rituximab (BR; arm B) in patients with treatment-naive chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) without del(17p). In the phase 3 AMPLIFY study (NCT03836261), acalabrutinib-venetoclax with or without obinutuzumab demonstrated prolonged PFS vs chemoimmunotherapy (investigator's choice of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab [FCR] or BR) in patients with treatment-naive CLL without del(17p) or TP53 mutations. Compared with AMPLIFY, the patient population in SEQUOIA was unsuitable for FCR and included patients with TP53 mutations. The aim of this post hoc analysis was to investigate the efficacy of zanubrutinib in patients from SEQUOIA vs a clinically similar patient population treated with acalabrutinib-venetoclax in AMPLIFY. A numerically greater 3-year investigator-assessed PFS (PFS-INV) was observed with zanubrutinib (84.3%) in the SEQUOIA population acalabrutinib-venetoclax in AMPLIFY (78.9%). When matching SEQUOIA to the AMPLIFY population by FCR eligibility, a greater PFS benefit with zanubrutinib was reported (89.2% vs 78.9%, respectively). To support the comparison of zanubrutinib vs acalabrutinib-venetoclax, an anchored matching-adjusted indirect comparison was performed, which showed that zanubrutinib was associated with prolonged PFS-INV vs acalabrutinib-venetoclax when adjusted for various baseline characteristics. Zanubrutinib also demonstrated longer PFS whether adjusted for age (PFS-INV hazard ratio [HR], 0.26; 95% CI, 0.13-0.54; P<.0003) or unadjusted (PFS-INV HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.23-0.88; P=.0197). These results highlight zanubrutinib monotherapy as an effective treatment option for all patients with treatment-naive CLL/SLL, including patients who might otherwise be considered for more intensive fixed-duration combination regimens.},
}

@article {pmid41587417,
year = {2026},
author = {Lu, B and Troyer, J and Krause, KJ and Lapite, A and Aviles, MM and Della-Moretta, S and Dobson, D and Farrokhi, K and Hasanali, ZS and Pillai, PM and Taborda, C and Villagomez, L and Vo, P and Wangondu, R and Yui, JC and Weyand, AC and Fingrut, WB},
title = {Understanding the impact of social determinants of health in hematology: a scoping review of trends across journals and over time.},
journal = {Blood advances},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1182/bloodadvances.2025017559},
pmid = {41587417},
issn = {2473-9537},
abstract = {Addressing social determinants of health is increasingly recognized as a critical priority in medicine to optimize care delivery to all patients. To support healthcare providers, researchers, and the hematology field to process/synthesize the rapidly expanding hematology social determinants of health literature, we conducted a scoping review to catalogue/describe recent hematology social determinants works. Our goals were to highlight the state-of-the-art in hematology social determinants research, describe trends in this literature across journals/conferences and over time, identify gaps, and inspire efforts to improve health across populations. Our search returned 602 hematology articles and 153 abstracts. Most works examined racial or socioeconomic disparities among adults with hematologic malignancies or who are hematopoietic cell transplant/cell therapy recipients. In contrast, few explored basic science correlates of disparities, approaches to optimize collection/recording/reporting/use of social determinants of health data, or interventions/educational initiatives to address care inequities. Many vulnerable populations were understudied, including Indigenous peoples, people living with disabilities, transgender/gender non-binary peoples, and disparities across parity, religion, or immigration/legal status. Only a minority of works considered intersectionality across multiple dimensions of disparities. Although both the number and proportion of social determinants works increased over time, there were imbalances in where these works were published. Overall, this review is an important tool to advance hematology population health, highlight hematology social determinants of health research productivity, inform development of research agendas and priorities for societies/funders, and support researchers to address identified gaps. Closing these gaps will be essential to improve delivery of safe and effective hematologic care for all.},
}

@article {pmid41587071,
year = {2026},
author = {Liu, Y and Ju, B and Dong, L and Loyd, MR and Brady, SW and Ries, RE and Feng, Y and Mulder, HL and Plyler, EM and Deardorff, C and McBride, A and Jones, T and Eckert, A and Kolekar, P and Fan, L and Li, H and Briviba, M and Zhao, H and Bennett, D and Neale, G and Chang, TC and Chen, W and Pounds, SB and Wu, G and Mullighan, CG and Geeleher, P and Ji, L and Yang, JJ and Meshinchi, S and Brown, PA and Carroll, WL and Zhang, J and Loh, ML and Easton, J and Ma, X},
title = {Uncovering the genomic complexity of PAX5 intragenic tandem multiplication via long-read and short-read sequencing.},
journal = {Blood},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1182/blood.2025031289},
pmid = {41587071},
issn = {1528-0020},
abstract = {By integrating short-read WGS and RNA-seq data with long-read RNA sequencing, we dissect the complex genomic architecture of PAX5 intragenic tandem multiplication (PAX5-ITM), revealing that these complex rearrangements result in in-frame transcripts that likely encode proteins with altered domains.},
}

@article {pmid41586342,
year = {2026},
author = {Patterson, S and Emerson, J and Brown, H and Alagesan, P and Labriola, C and Zuzul, R and Taylor, AO and Mebuge, DL and Salama, NR and Min Htike, WY and Wang, F and McCall, S and Garman, KS and Epplein, M},
title = {Iron Deficiency Anemia is Associated With Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia in Patients With Helicobacter pylori Infection.},
journal = {Gastro hep advances},
volume = {5},
number = {3},
pages = {100852},
pmid = {41586342},
issn = {2772-5723},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Despite acknowledgment of the relationship between iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and Helicobacter pylori, consensus is lacking on clinical practice implications. This study sought to examine the association of iron deficiency and anemia with the precancerous lesion gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) in a cohort of patients with active H. pylori infection.

METHODS: This retrospective cohort was assembled from adult patients diagnosed with H. pylori at endoscopy at Duke University between 2015 and 2019. Data were collected from pathology reports and electronic health records. The relationship between iron deficiency status and GIM prevalence among 422 H. pylori-positive individuals was examined using age-adjusted logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and stratified by diagnosis of H. pylori before the diagnosis at study enrollment.

RESULTS: Of these 422 H. pylori-positive patients, 48.6% had evidence of anemia and/or iron deficiency in the electronic health record. Compared to patients without anemia, those with IDA were more likely to have GIM (OR = 1.66; 95% CI, 1.02-2.69). Fifty-seven patients were previously positive for H. pylori, treated, and remained positive for H. pylori at the index endoscopy, of whom 40% had IDA. Among these patients, those with IDA had 4-fold increased odds of having GIM compared to patients without anemia (OR = 4.11; 95% CI, 1.10-15.32).

CONCLUSION: In a cohort of H. pylori-positive individuals at endoscopy, those with a history of IDA had greater odds of having GIM compared to patients without anemia. These results suggest the importance of close endoscopic evaluation and sampling of the gastric mucosa to evaluate for GIM in patients with IDA, and particularly those with a previous H. pylori diagnosis.},
}

@article {pmid41585364,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, Z and Langevin, D and Chen, V and Bai, J},
title = {Reversible Chemogenetic Fluorescence Labeling with pFAST in C. elegans.},
journal = {microPublication biology},
volume = {2026},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41585364},
issn = {2578-9430},
abstract = {The promiscuous fluorescence-activating and absorption-shifting tag (pFAST) enables reversible chemogenetic labeling with multiple fluorogens. We generated a single-copy tandem pFAST (td-pFAST) transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans strain expressed in pharyngeal muscle. In dissected worms, lime fluorogen produced rapid fluorescence that was efficiently quenched by the competing ligand darth, demonstrating reversibility. Amber and coral fluorogens also produced reversible signals with distinct emission spectra, supporting multicolor labeling. However, fluorogen delivery by soaking intact worms failed, indicating cuticle permeability remains a barrier. These findings establish td-pFAST as a functional probe for reversible, multicolor labeling in dissected C. elegans tissues.},
}

@article {pmid41584860,
year = {2026},
author = {Ko, LK and Rillamas-Sun, E and Kratz, M and Jimenez, E and Jang, SH and Mendoza, JA and Bishop, S and Xiao, L},
title = {A Multi-Level Intervention to Address Childhood Obesity in Rural Hispanic Communities.},
journal = {Obesity science & practice},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {e70116},
pmid = {41584860},
issn = {2055-2238},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Pediatric obesity disproportionately affects children of lower socioeconomic status, racial and ethnic minorities, and rural communities, and is influenced by social and physical environments. Community-engaged interventions can address pediatric obesity and have been implemented in rural settings for other conditions, but few have specifically targeted rural childhood obesity. Together We STRIDE study is a community-based trial designed to test the effectiveness of a multi-level obesity prevention intervention in Hispanic children living in rural communities.

METHODS: The trial enrolled 653 children (8-12 years old). The 13-month (March 2017-April 2018) multi-level intervention included comic books, nutrition and physical activity (PA) classes, media literacy education and PA breaks, and an open-street community program (Ciclovía). The primary outcome was between-group differences in BMI z-score, measured at baseline, 6 months, and 18 months.

RESULTS: There were no significant between-group differences in BMI z-scores and BMI-for-age percentile relative to 95th percentile at 6 months or 18 months follow up. The mean difference in BMI z-score between intervention and comparison communities was -0.02 (95% CI -0.05, 0.02; p = 0.31) at 6 months and 0.03 (95% CI -0.03, 0.09; p = 0.32) at 18 months, respectively. BMI z-scores decreased progressively with increased exposure to intervention components (unadjusted p-trend = 0.008 and adjusted p-trend = 0.009).

CONCLUSIONS: Although this multi-level community-based intervention did not show an overall intervention effect on BMI z-scores, greater engagement with the intervention components was associated with higher reductions in BMI z-scores. The findings underscore both the promise and the challenges of community-based obesity prevention interventions in rural communities.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02982759 (Together We STRIDE) retrospectively registered during study recruitment.},
}

@article {pmid41584692,
year = {2026},
author = {Santiago-Torres, M and Mull, KE and Sullivan, BM and Fogel, CA and Hwang, SB and Keith, AR and David, SP and Bricker, JB},
title = {Overcoming Challenges to Remote Biochemical Verification of Smoking Status: Insights From Participant Interviews.},
journal = {Substance use : research and treatment},
volume = {20},
number = {},
pages = {29768357251414464},
pmid = {41584692},
issn = {2976-8357},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Remote biochemical verification of smoking abstinence is limited by low adherence rates and technical problems with test completion. Qualitative data from study participants about their experiences completing these remote tests is lacking. The objectives were to interview participants who provided biochemical verification in a randomized trial of a smoking cessation intervention to (1) learn about participants' actual experiences with cotinine saliva testing; (2) examine willingness to conduct smartphone app-based carbon monoxide (CO) breathalyzer testing; and (3) gather recommendations to minimize barriers and improve adherence.

METHODS: Participants who completed biochemical verification were invited to participate in semi-structured interviews that included watching an instructional video about the breathalyzer test. Audio recordings were professionally transcribed, and 2 independent coders applied an interactive inductive thematic analysis approach.

RESULTS: Ten participants, ages 38.7 (9.5) years (30% male) completed interviews. Barriers to successful saliva cotinine testing included: technical issues submitting results (56%), issues following written instructions (44%), saliva collection sponge discomfort (33%), confusion about invalid results (33%), and concerns with device safety/data usage (22%). While more participants said they would, in concept, prefer the CO test or had no preference, they reported more problems with completing the CO test, including potential inaccessibility for people with respiratory illness. Key recommendations for improving compliance included: increasing monetary incentives, diversifying reminders, amplifying reciprocity messaging, managing expectations, and embedding clear, concise in-app guidance.

CONCLUSION: Results suggest that compliance with remote biochemical verification can be improved through a comprehensive approach that includes increasing incentives, managing expectations, streamlining visual instructions, and diversifying reminders.},
}

@article {pmid41583981,
year = {2026},
author = {Samorodnitsky, S and Campbell, K and Little, A and Ling, W and Zhao, N and Chen, YC and Wu, MC},
title = {Detecting clinically relevant topological structures in multiplexed spatial proteomics using TopKAT.},
journal = {Patterns (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {101456},
pmid = {41583981},
issn = {2666-3899},
abstract = {Multiplexed spatial proteomics profiling platforms expose the intricate geometric structure of cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The spatial arrangement of cells has been shown to have important clinical implications, correlating with disease prognosis and treatment response. These datasets require new statistical methods to test whether cell-level images are associated with patient-level outcomes. We propose the topological kernel association test (TopKAT), which combines persistent homology with kernel testing to determine whether geometric structures created by cells predict continuous, binary, or survival outcomes. TopKAT quantifies the topological structure of cells in each image using persistence diagrams and compares the similarities between persistence diagrams on the basis of the number and lifespan of the detected homologies among cells. We show that TopKAT can be more powerful than existing approaches, particularly when cells arise along the boundary of a ring and demonstrate its utility in breast cancer and colorectal cancer applications.},
}

@article {pmid41583700,
year = {2026},
author = {Pernikoff, S and Clurman, A and Rötepohl, M and Galanter, N and Bibby, M and Harris, E and Stevens-Ayers, T and Xie, H and Ueda Oshima, M and Cheng, GS and Englund, JA and Boeckh, MJ and Boonyaratanakornkit, J},
title = {Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients: Clinical and Humoral Risk Factors for Infection.},
journal = {Open forum infectious diseases},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {ofag005},
pmid = {41583700},
issn = {2328-8957},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) frequently causes upper respiratory tract infections, lung disease, and mortality in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. Currently, little is understood about what clinical and immunologic factors increase a patient's risk of infection or are protective against infection in immunocompromised populations.

METHODS: This study analyzed clinical and serologic data from a cohort of HCT recipients followed longitudinally with weekly blood draws and PCR surveillance for respiratory viruses to gain insight into clinical and antibody-based risk factors for RSV infection post-transplant. Serum was analyzed by a plaque reduction neutralization assay to determine neutralizing antibody titers to RSV.

RESULTS: Sixteen of 471 HCT recipients tested positive for RSV within the first 100 days post-transplant. A multivariate analysis of clinical factors revealed that prophylaxis with sirolimus for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was significantly correlated with increased risk of RSV infection. Moreover, higher levels of neutralizing antibody to RSV were associated with reduced risk for RSV infection, in a time-varying analysis.

CONCLUSIONS: GVHD prophylaxis with sirolimus and low serum neutralizing antibody titers were correlated with increased risk of RSV infection in the early post-transplant period. These results support the role of developing and implementing strategies that boost neutralizing antibody levels to prevent RSV infections in HCT recipients.},
}

@article {pmid41583333,
year = {2026},
author = {Riviere, P and Morgan, KM and Nelson, T and Minarim, DS and Deshler, L and Banegas, MP and Stewart, TF and McKay, RR and Javier-DesLoges, J and Parsons, JK and Rose, BS},
title = {Natural History and Risk Stratification of Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer Following Definitive Radiation Therapy.},
journal = {Advances in radiation oncology},
volume = {11},
number = {2},
pages = {101936},
pmid = {41583333},
issn = {2452-1094},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Among patients with biochemical recurrent (BCR) prostate cancer following radiation therapy, there is no validated method for identifying those at the highest risk for metastases or death from prostate cancer. We characterized the natural history of BCR after radiation therapy and validated the proposed European consensus guidelines for stratification.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: This retrospective, multicenter, nationwide cohort study used data from patients having postradiation BCR treated in the United States Veterans Administration Health System. High-risk BCR was defined as either Gleason score ≥8 or BCR occurring within 18 months of radiation therapy, per guidelines.

RESULTS: Among 7126 patients who experienced BCR, 35.5% of patients developed metastatic disease and 17.4% died of prostate cancer at 10 years. 38.5% of patients had a high-risk BCR. High-risk BCR resulted in higher 10-year incidence of metastatic disease (56.2% vs 42.0%, adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.69-1.98) and worse prostate cancer-specific survival (69.5% vs 81.6%, aHR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.63-2.03, P < .001) and all-cause death (67.8% vs 65.0%, aHR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.11-1.26, P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS: A simple, 2-element risk stratification tool using existing clinical data is the first validated tool for identifying patients at risk of metastases or prostate cancer-specific mortality following postradiation BCR. Most patients experiencing BCR in this context do not develop metastases or lethal prostate cancer, making such stratification essential for treatment decision-making and refinement of patient populations for clinical trials.},
}

@article {pmid41583128,
year = {2026},
author = {Cabre, HE and Marlatt, KL and Fernández-Verdejo, R and Beyl, R and Redman, LM and Ainslie, PN and Alemán-Mateo, H and Andersen, LF and Anderson, LJ and Arab, L and Bedu-Addo, K and Bonomi, AG and Bouten, CV and Bovet, P and Brage, S and Buchowski, MS and Butte, NF and Camps, SG and Casper, R and Close, GL and Colbert, LH and Cooper, JA and Cooper, R and Das, SK and Deb, S and Forrester, T and Gillingham, M and Goris, AH and Gurven, M and Hambly, C and Hu, S and Joosen, AM and Katzmarzyk, P and Kempen, KP and Kimura, M and Kraus, WE and Kriengsinyos, W and Kushner, RF and Lessan, N and Löf, M and Martin, CK and Matsiko, E and Medin, AC and Morehen, JC and Morton, JP and Neuhouser, ML and Prentice, RL and Racette, SB and Raichlen, DA and Reynolds, RM and Roberts, SB and Sardinha, LB and Schuit, AJ and Silva, AM and Urlacher, SS and Valencia, ME and Van Etten, LM and Verbunt, JA and Wilson, G and Wood, BM and Yoshida, T and Zhang, X and Murphy-Alford, AJ and Loechl, CU and Luke, AH and Pontzer, H and Rood, J and Sagayama, H and Schoeller, DA and Westerterp, KR and Wong, WW and Yamada, Y and Speakman, JR and Ravussin, E},
title = {Sex Differences in Measures of Energy Expenditure and Body Composition in Young, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults.},
journal = {Current developments in nutrition},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {107614},
pmid = {41583128},
issn = {2475-2991},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) is vital for energy balance and cardiometabolic health, yet its trajectory across the lifespan, particularly in females, remains poorly understood.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to examine the effects of aging and sex on body composition and TDEE.

METHODS: In a cross-sectional analysis of data from research centers across 9 European Countries and the United States from the International Atomic Energy Agency database, TDEE and body composition measures of 2326 participants (1560W/766M; 50.7 ± 12 .6 y) were stratified across age groups: young (30-39 y; YOUNG), middle-aged (40-54 y; MID), and old (55-70 y; OLD). Doubly labeled water was used to estimate TDEE and fat-free mass (FFM). Fat mass (FM) was calculated as the difference between body mass and FFM, and %fat was ratio between FM and body mass as a percentage. Linear models were used for analysis.

RESULTS: Females demonstrated greater FM and lower FFM with each age group, compared with males (P < 0.001). In females, OLD had lower absolute TDEE than YOUNG (-217 kcal/d, P < 0.001) and MID (-208 kcal/d, P < 0.001). Male absolute TDEE was lowered across all age groups (OLD compared with YOUNG: -334 kcal/d; OLD compared with MID: -210 kcal/d; MID compared with YOUNG: -124 kcal/d; P < 0.001). Adjusted TDEE was similar within age groups between females and males.

CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that age influences changes in body composition and energy expenditure similarly between males and females. The most significant change in TDEE occurs as individuals transition from middle age to older adulthood. Females generally have a higher percentage of %fat and FM, along with lower FFM, compared with males across all age groups. These findings are important for understanding how aging affects metabolism and body composition, which could inform sex-specific health strategies and interventions.},
}

@article {pmid41582039,
year = {2025},
author = {Tawagi, K and Khaki, AR and Chablani, PV and Hoffman-Censits, J and Koshkin, VS and Plimack, ER and Galsky, MD and Gupta, S and Rosenberg, JE and Grivas, P and O'Donnell, PH},
title = {Preferred Treatment Sequencing for Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma (mUC) in the Era of Perioperative and First-Line (1L) Checkpoint Inhibitor: Results From a National Survey of Genitourinary Oncologists.},
journal = {Clinical genitourinary cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {102487},
doi = {10.1016/j.clgc.2025.102487},
pmid = {41582039},
issn = {1938-0682},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are commonly used in urothelial carcinoma. We sought to understand provider preferences for subsequent treatment of patients after prior ICI.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We comprised a group of 11 expert genitourinary medical oncologists in the United States and created a survey regarding treatment sequencing. We present the final responses to this survey, using descriptive statistics.

RESULTS: We received 78 responses (34%) from 227 genitourinary oncologists between May and August 2024; most were practicing for >5 years (62%) and were seeing >25 patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) yearly (72%). For patients with progression while receiving adjuvant ICI, 51% of respondents were somewhat/very likely to use enfortumab vedotin/pembrolizumab (EVP) as next therapy line. For patients with progression after prior ICI, 1/3 of respondents would consider first-line (1L) EVP irrespective of the interval from prior ICI completion. For ICI given in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer and muscle-invasive bladder cancer, 43% and 45%, respectively would consider EVP > 6 months post-ICI completion. After progression on EVP, 77% were somewhat/very likely to give platinum-based chemotherapy, and most would not include combination or switch maintenance ICI. Similarly, 80% were somewhat/very likely to recommend non-ICI clinical trials in the second-line setting after EVP, and 87% were somewhat/very likely to offer erdafitinib for susceptible FGFR3 alterations.

CONCLUSION: Survey-based opinions can effectively capture treatment selection preferences for mUC and could inform future clinical trial design. Additional data, including the impact of residual toxicity from 1L EVP, are needed to better understand real-world treatment sequencing patterns.},
}

@article {pmid41581332,
year = {2026},
author = {Duong, A and Fritzsche, D and Indorf, AL},
title = {Practical Considerations for the Use of Antiemetics in Pregnant Patients With Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Clinical breast cancer},
volume = {26},
number = {2},
pages = {80-86},
doi = {10.1016/j.clbc.2025.12.012},
pmid = {41581332},
issn = {1938-0666},
abstract = {Early breast cancer treatment commonly includes highly emetogenic chemotherapy and immunotherapy regimens. Both pregnancy and chemotherapy treatment are associated with nausea and vomiting, and many agents used to treat pregnancy-associated nausea have limited data for CINV. Guidelines recommend a 4-drug antiemetic regimen for highly emetogenic chemotherapy regimens. Designing antiemetic regimens for pregnant women undergoing treatment for early breast cancer remains a challenge because of a lack of safety data for commonly used antiemetics as well as physiologic changes that occur throughout pregnancy This review aims to discuss current literature and guideline recommendations and provide practical considerations for agents used in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting prevention in pregnant patients with breast cancer. A literature search on nausea pathophysiology, treatment of pregnant breast cancer patients, antiemetic use in pregnancy and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting was conducted. Primary and tertiary literature sources were reviewed and cited. An overview of nausea pathophysiology and general treatment principles of treatment and supportive care in pregnant breast cancer patients is outlined. Five major antiemetic drug classes are reviewed in this article. When designing antiemetic regimens for pregnant patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment, clinicians must consider the current evidence, including safety, side effects, and pharmacokinetics of various agents, as well as pregnancy trimester and associated physiologic changes. Optimal management and prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting is crucial to avoid treatment delays and hospitalization, and to maximize patient quality of life.},
}

@article {pmid41581152,
year = {2026},
author = {Jagana, HL and Shabar, MM and Jackson, TS and Johnson, DE and Hemenway, JM and Mukkamala, V and Lukasik, A and Hathaway, MR and Pattwell, SS},
title = {Oncogenic influences of neurotrophin receptors: Shedding light on Trk biology.},
journal = {Cell reports},
volume = {45},
number = {2},
pages = {116928},
doi = {10.1016/j.celrep.2026.116928},
pmid = {41581152},
issn = {2211-1247},
abstract = {During critical stages of neurodevelopment, tropomyosin receptor kinase receptors, encoded by NTRK genes, exhibit temporally driven differential peaks of expression to properly guide the establishment of the peripheral and central nervous systems. In addition, these neuronal systems exhibit non-canonical regulation of surrounding tissues, impacting organogenesis, homeostasis, plasticity, and regeneration. The same processes that guide neurodevelopment, such as differentiation, plasticity, and neuronal survival, are also hijacked in cancer, making the NTRK family an ideal candidate to study. The Trk receptor family plays a critical role in both normal development and several cancer hallmark pathways such as anti-apoptotic signaling, abnormal cellular proliferation, metastasis, and stemness. It is paramount to understand the molecular underpinnings that Trk receptors play in driving malignancy and the specificity of current therapeutics. This review explores key implications of the NTRK gene family in the pathophysiological mechanisms driving cancers within and outside the central nervous system.},
}

@article {pmid41580163,
year = {2026},
author = {Dhar, A and Siva, S and Tan, VS and Mahadevan, A and Bruynzeel, A and Tang, C and Cury, F and Corkum, M and Ali, M and Zaorsky, NG and Cheung, P and Hannan, R and Hudes, R and Morgan, S and Lo, S and Murthy, V and Correa, RJM and Swaminath, A},
title = {International Radiosurgery Oncology Consortium of the Kidney (IROCK) Contouring Guidelines for Renal Cell Carcinoma treated with Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy.},
journal = {International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijrobp.2026.01.008},
pmid = {41580163},
issn = {1879-355X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) is an emerging indication for localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC), yet there is a need for standardizing contouring practices, as accurate target delineation is essential to ensure optimal outcomes. Our objective was to develop consensus guidelines for target volume contouring for RCC SABR.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: An international panel of RCC SABR experts affiliated with XXXXXX was convened. All were asked to contour target volumes for four relevant clinical scenarios: a large tumor (>10cm) with IVC tumor thrombus; a central tumor abutting the renal hilum; a local recurrence following nephrectomy; and an ablation cavity recurrence after radiofrequency ablation. Participants also contoured two investigational renal substructures: renal cortex and renal hilum. Contours by case were analyzed using a STAPLE algorithm (95% confidence level). Consensus contours & guidelines statements were discussed and refined over two consensus meetings. Measures of variance and agreement, including Dice Similarity Coefficients (DSC), Mean Distance to Agreement (MDA), and Hausdorff Distance (HD), were measured for each case.

RESULTS: In total, 16 radiation oncologists participated. The median DSC was 0.85, and the median MDA/HD were 2.17 mm/9.00 mm respectively. The median DSC was greater than 0.70 for each case, suggesting 'good agreement' among participants. Based on the consensus discussion, any tumor thrombus or ablation cavity should be included in the target volume; organ at risk dose constraints should take priority over target coverage in planning; and the ipsilateral renal cortex should be defined as the ipsilateral renal parenchyma, excluding the target volume, the renal pelvis, renal vasculature, and proximal ureter.

CONCLUSION: We present the first international consensus contouring guideline for RCC SABR. There was strong agreement amongst experts, yielding high-fidelity consensus contours and guidance statements for each scenario. These results can be used as a guide for radiation oncologists interested in using SABR to treat patients with localized RCC.},
}

@article {pmid41579732,
year = {2026},
author = {Beydoun, HA and Beydoun, MA and Tsai, J and Tinker, LF and Franceschini, N and Nudy, M and Gradidge, PJ and Haring, B and Jung, SY and Price, CA and Nakhoul, M and Manson, JE},
title = {Triglyceride-glucose index and cardiovascular disease by cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome and socioeconomic status among postmenopausal women.},
journal = {Atherosclerosis},
volume = {414},
number = {},
pages = {120645},
doi = {10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2026.120645},
pmid = {41579732},
issn = {1879-1484},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index (ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]) is a novel, simple, and inexpensive biomarker of insulin resistance with growing evidence in support of its diagnostic and prognostic value for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We examined the relationship of baseline TyG index with incident CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), and cerebrovascular disease during up to 32 years of follow-up among postmenopausal women, before and after stratifying by the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome and socioeconomic status (SES) at baseline.

METHODS: 11,769 participants from Women's Health Initiative (5074 with CKM vs. 6695 without CKM; 4149 low SES vs. 5958 medium SES vs. 1662 high SES) were analyzed.

RESULTS: On average, the TyG index increased with decreasing SES and was higher in women with vs. without CKM. Cox regression and multistate Markov models adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and health characteristics at baseline were constructed to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI). A 1-unit increase in the TyG index was associated with greater CVD risk (CVD: HR = 1.54, 95 % CI: 1.39, 1.71; CHD: HR = 1.74, 95 % CI: 1.52, 1.99; Cerebrovascular disease: HR=1.32, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.53). The TyG index was positively associated with probabilities of transitions from a healthy state to CHD, cerebrovascular disease, and death, as well as transitions between CHD or cerebrovascular disease and death. These relationships did not vary by CKM syndrome or SES.

CONCLUSIONS: Among postmenopausal women, irrespective of CKM syndrome or SES, the TyG index is a valuable diagnostic and prognostic tool for CVD outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid41577999,
year = {2026},
author = {Oehler, VG and Sala-Torra, O and Gilderman, N and Beppu, L and Woolston, DW and Namaganda, P and Rynning, J and González, IG and Towlerton, A and Voutsinas, J and Wu, Q and Yeung, CCS and Radich, JP},
title = {Next-generation sequencing from chronic myeloid leukemia dried blood spots: insights and implications for global oncology.},
journal = {Leukemia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41577999},
issn = {1476-5551},
abstract = {The goal of the "Spot On CML" program is to provide diagnostic and monitoring tests to chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Previously, we demonstrated reproducible BCR::ABL1 transcript quantification using dried blood spots (DBS). We have now optimized methods of DNA and RNA extraction from DBS, allowing the detection of myeloid gene variants, including ABL1 tyrosine kinase domain mutations. Among 177 CML patients from nine countries, ABL1 mutations were identified in 61 (34%) patients, with multiple mutations present in some cases. The most common ABL1 mutation was T315I (45.9% of patients with ABL1 mutations). Among 69 patients, 89 Tier I-II variants (pathogenic or likely pathogenic) were identified in other genes, including 52 ASXL1 variants in 49 patients. The detection of ASXL1 variants correlated strongly with the presence of ABL1 mutations (P = 3.51E-04). These methodologies are directly applicable to all assays used for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of CML and have important implications in bringing state-of-the-art genetic analysis to CML patients in LMICs.},
}

@article {pmid41575736,
year = {2026},
author = {Gupta, AK and Ablona, A and Consolacion, TB and Bartlett, S and Beck, S and Burchell, AN and Darvishian, M and Alvarez, MJ and Yu, A and Wong, S and Woods, RR and Bhatti, P and Salters, K and Wong, J and Gilbert, M and Krajden, M and Janjua, N and Grennan, T},
title = {Trends in the incidence of HPV-associated anal cancer by risk group, 1990-2019: A population-based cohort study in British Columbia, Canada.},
journal = {Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-25-0890},
pmid = {41575736},
issn = {1538-7755},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Anal squamous cell carcinoma, caused by human papillomavirus disproportionately affects people living with HIV (PLWH), particularly gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM). New guidelines recommend screening and treatment of pre-cancerous lesions. We aimed to estimate anal cancer incidence by HIV status, sex, and GBM status in British Columbia, Canada.

METHODS: Using administrative health databases, we assessed anal cancer stratified by HIV-status, sex, and sexual orientation from 1990 to 2019. A phenotypic algorithm was used to classify GBM status. We evaluated the comparative incidence of anal cancer using Fine and Gray's competing risks sub-distribution hazards model. Hazard ratios were estimated and adjusted for age, healthcare utilization, urbanicity, and Charlson co-morbidity index.

RESULTS: Among 571 anal cancer diagnoses assessed, the incidence was highest among GBM with HIV (78.09 per 100,000 person-years [PY]; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 61.24-99.58) followed by heterosexual males with HIV (44.49 per 100,000 PY; 95% CI = 29.56-66.95), and females with HIV (12.05 per 100,000 PY; 95% CI = 4.52-32.11). GBM with HIV experience a 76-fold increased anal cancer risk compared with heterosexual men without HIV (aHR 76.08; 95% CI 55.14-104.97).

CONCLUSIONS: There is an unmet need in anal cancer prevention among PLWH. Screening strategies that are sensitive, specific, acceptable, and cost-effective are necessary.

IMPACT: This study provides the first population-based estimates of anal cancer incidence by HIV and GBM status in British Columbia, highlighting disparities and rising trends. These findings support prioritizing targeted screening programs and improving access to care.},
}

@article {pmid41575713,
year = {2026},
author = {Pi, S and Rutter, CM and Pineda-Antunez, C and Chen, JH and Goldhaber-Fiebert, JD and Alarid-Escudero, F},
title = {Discrete-Event Simulation Modeling Framework for Cancer Interventions and Population Health in R (DESCIPHR): An Open-Source Pipeline.},
journal = {PharmacoEconomics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41575713},
issn = {1179-2027},
support = {T15LM007033//U.S. National Library of Medicine/ ; DGE-2146755//National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program/ ; U01-CA253913//Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute/ ; U01-CA265750//Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute/ ; },
abstract = {Simulation models inform health policy decisions by integrating data from multiple sources and forecasting outcomes when there is a lack of comprehensive evidence from empirical studies. Such models have long supported health policy for cancer, the first or second leading cause of death in over 100 countries. Discrete-event simulation (DES) and Bayesian calibration have gained traction in the field of decision science because they enable flexible modeling of complex health conditions and produce estimates of model parameters that reflect real-world disease epidemiology and data uncertainty given model constraints. This uncertainty is then propagated to model-generated outputs, enabling decision-makers to assess confidence in recommendations and estimate the value of collecting additional information. However, there is limited end-to-end guidance on structuring a DES model for cancer progression, estimating its parameters using Bayesian calibration, and applying the calibration outputs to policy evaluation. To fill this gap, we introduce the DES Modeling Framework for Cancer Interventions and Population Health in R (DESCIPHR), an open-source codebase integrating a flexible DES model for the natural history of cancer, Bayesian calibration for parameter estimation, and an example application of screening strategy evaluation. To illustrate the framework, we apply DESCIPHR to calibrate bladder and colorectal cancer models to real-world cancer registry targets. We also introduce an automated method for generating data-informed parameter prior distributions and increase the functionality of a neural network emulator-based Bayesian calibration algorithm. We anticipate that the adaptable DESCIPHR modeling template will facilitate the construction of future decision models evaluating the risks and benefits of health interventions.},
}

@article {pmid41574991,
year = {2026},
author = {Podgorsak, A and Kang, J and Zheng, D and Milano, M and Lo, S and Hardy, S},
title = {The Role of Artificial Intelligence for the Radiotherapeutic Management of Brain Metastases.},
journal = {Cancer journal (Sudbury, Mass.)},
volume = {32},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41574991},
issn = {1540-336X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Brain Neoplasms/secondary/radiotherapy/diagnosis ; *Artificial Intelligence ; *Radiosurgery/methods ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Prognosis ; },
abstract = {As the radiotherapeutic management of brain metastases increasingly utilizes stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and repeated treatments, artificial intelligence (AI) applications are being investigated in treatment planning, prognostication, and evaluation of treatment effects versus tumor progression. The burden on radiation oncologists increases as more lesions are targeted with SRS. AI algorithms facilitate improved detection and segmentation of lesions, reduce interobserver variability, and save clinician time. Predictive analytics, based on large datasets, enable better prognostication and treatment strategies tailored to individual patients. There is also data for the differentiation between radiation necrosis and tumor progression, which is a difficult issue that comes up more and more in patient care. However, challenges remain regarding data standardization, model validation, and clinical integration. Continued research and interdisciplinary collaboration are essential to fully harness AI's potential in the radiotherapeutic management of brain metastases and improving patient outcomes in neuro-oncology.},
}

Humans
*Brain Neoplasms/secondary/radiotherapy/diagnosis
*Artificial Intelligence
*Radiosurgery/methods
Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods
Prognosis

@article {pmid41571919,
year = {2026},
author = {Bot, A and Stephan, MT and Gill, S},
title = {The dawn of in vivo immune cell engineering in oncology.},
journal = {Nature biotechnology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41571919},
issn = {1546-1696},
}

@article {pmid41571639,
year = {2026},
author = {Nicholas, JC and Katz, DH and Tahir, UA and Debban, CL and Aguet, F and Blackwell, T and Bowler, RP and Broadaway, KA and Chen, J and Clish, CB and Coresh, J and Cornell, E and Cruz, DE and Deo, R and Doyle, MF and Durda, P and Ekunwe, L and Floyd, JS and Gill, D and Guo, X and Hoogeveen, RC and Johnson, C and Lange, LA and Li, Y and Manning, A and Meigs, JB and Mi, MY and Mychaleckyj, JC and Olson, NC and Pratte, KA and Psaty, BM and Reiner, AP and Ruan, P and Sevilla-Gonzalez, M and Shah, AM and Sun, Q and Tracy, RP and Wen, J and Wood, AC and Wilson, JG and Young, KL and Yu, B and Rooney, MR and Manichaikul, A and Dubin, R and Mohlke, KL and Rich, SS and Rotter, JI and Ganz, P and Gerszten, RE and Taylor, KD and Raffield, LM},
title = {Cross-ancestry comparison of aptamer and antibody protein measures.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {1054},
pmid = {41571639},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {1F31HL176194-01A1//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/ ; T32GM135128//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)/ ; R01HL133870//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; R01DK072193//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Proteomics/methods ; *Antibodies/genetics ; Genetic Variation ; *Proteins/genetics ; *Aptamers, Nucleotide ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; },
abstract = {Measures from affinity-proteomics platforms often correlate poorly, challenging interpretation of protein associations with genetic variants and phenotypes. Here, we examine 2157 proteins measured on both SomaScan 7k and Olink Explore 3072 across 1930 participants with genetic similarity to European, African, East Asian, and Admixed American ancestry references. Inter-platform correlation coefficients for these 2157 proteins follow a bimodal distribution (median r = 0.30). We evaluate protein measure associations with genetic variants, and find approximately 25-30% of the signals on each platform are likely driven by protein-altering variants. We highlight 80 proteins that correlate differently across ancestry groups likely in part due to differing protein-altering variant frequencies by ancestry. Furthermore, adjustment for protein-altering variants with opposite directions of effect by platform improves inter-platform protein measure correlation and results in more concordant genetic and phenotypic associations. Hence, protein-altering variants need to be accounted for across ancestries to facilitate platform-concordant and accurate protein measurement.},
}

Humans
*Proteomics/methods
*Antibodies/genetics
Genetic Variation
*Proteins/genetics
*Aptamers, Nucleotide
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

@article {pmid41567835,
year = {2025},
author = {Blinka, S and Wong, RL and Holt, SK and Lo, E and Cheng, HH and Conrad, N and Loesch, H and Toulouse, AE and Lai, M and Hsieh, AC and Grivas, P and Yezefski, T and Wright, JL and Schweizer, MT and Montgomery, RB and Chen, DL and Zeng, J and Lin, DW and Yu, EY},
title = {Results from a prospective registry of [18]F-Fluciclovine PET/CT use in prostate cancer management: a cautionary lesson for implementation of PSMA PET.},
journal = {American journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging},
volume = {15},
number = {6},
pages = {262-271},
pmid = {41567835},
issn = {2160-8407},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: [18]F-Fluciclovine positron emission tomography (PET) was FDA-approved in the U.S. in 2016 and was the most sensitive imaging modality for prostate cancer (PC) until the approval of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET in 2020. However, providers' reasons for ordering [18]F-Fluciclovine PET/CT (FluPET) in practice and impact on patient care remain poorly defined. This prospective registry at a tertiary academic center describes patterns of FluPET use and outcomes prior to the FDA approval of PSMA PET in December 2020.

METHODS: Providers ordering FluPET for patients with PC were surveyed before, ≤2 weeks after, and ≥1 year after imaging to assess reasons for obtaining FluPET, projected treatment plan, changes in plan due to FluPET findings, and toxicity attributable to the change in treatment plan. Baseline patient characteristics, FluPET results, and longitudinal outcomes were collected.

RESULTS: Between 12/2018-09/2021, 62 patients with localized PC (8.1%), biochemical recurrence (BCR; 80.6%), non-metastatic castration-resistant PC (CRPC) (3.2%), metastatic castration-sensitive PC (3.2%), or metastatic CRPC (4.8%) were enrolled and underwent FluPET. Most scans (90.3%) were performed prior to the FDA approval of PSMA PET 12/2020. FluPET was most often obtained to guide local salvage or metastasis-directed therapies (90.3%); other reasons (non-exclusive) were initial staging (9.6%) or clarifying equivocal lesions from other imaging (9.6%). FluPET detected ≥1 PC lesion in 74.2% of patients. After FluPET, 48.4% of providers reported changing treatment plans, which was more likely when FluPET was positive (60.9% vs 12.5%, P<0.001), and often involved initiation of systemic therapy (19.4%). Treatment changes were reported in 57% of patients with BCR1 and 48.2% of patients with BCR2. In contrast, only 20% of patients with distant metastatic disease had a change in treatment. Among patients in the BCR1 and BCR2 cohort, treatment plan changes were associated with a median time to next treatment that was not reached after a median follow-up of 67.6 months. There was no statistically significant difference in overall survival between patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) who did and did not have a treatment plan change. A year after FluPET, reported potential toxicities from treatment plan changes were minimal.

CONCLUSION: FluPET was utilized across the disease spectrum of PC, primarily to guide local salvage or metastasis-directed therapies, given its improved sensitivity for detecting prostate bed recurrence due to the slow physiologic excretion of [18]F-fluciclovine. Notably, a positive FluPET frequently prompted initiation of systemic therapy; however, the clinical benefit of such management remains uncertain. Moreover, providers often selected multiple, sometimes conflicting, treatment plans following FluPET, reflecting uncertainty in translating imaging findings into definitive management decisions. A larger, prospective registry using PSMA PET with a requirement for providers to select a single post-scan treatment strategy is warranted to better assess whether imaging-guided treatment changes improve clinical outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid41565815,
year = {2026},
author = {Sng, XYX and Voigt, V and Schuster, IS and Fleming, P and Deuss, FA and Abuwarwar, MH and van Dommelen, SLH and Neate, GEG and Arnold, RM and Horsnell, HL and Daly, S and Golzarroshan, B and Varelias, A and Lyman, SD and Scalzo, AA and Hill, GR and Mueller, SN and Wikstrom, ME and Berry, R and Rossjohn, J and Fletcher, AL and Andoniou, CE and Degli-Esposti, MA},
title = {Fibroblastic reticular cells direct the initiation of T cell responses via CD44.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41565815},
issn = {1476-4687},
abstract = {The movement of dendritic cells and T cells within secondary lymphoid organs is critical for the development of adaptive immune responses[1,2]. Central to this process is the fibroblastic reticular cell (FRC) network, which forms a highly organized conduit system that facilitates the movement of and interactions between dendritic cells and T cells[3-6]. Previous studies have partly characterized how FRCs support these interactions[7,8]. However, the molecular mechanisms that operate under physiological conditions remain unknown. Here we show that the viral protein m11, encoded by the herpesvirus murine cytomegalovirus (CMV), inhibits antiviral immunity by targeting the FRC network and interfering with a critical function of cellular CD44. We found that m11 binds to CD44 and established that m11 perturbs the molecular interactions of CD44 with its natural ligand, hyaluronic acid. The interaction of m11 with CD44 impairs the trafficking of dendritic cells within the spleen, thereby impeding efficient priming of naive T cells and the initiation of antiviral CD8 T cell responses. The targeting of CD44 by CMV reveals CD44 as a molecule that is essential to the functioning of the FRC network and uncovers a previously unrecognized stroma-based mechanism that is critical for the generation of effective T cell responses.},
}

@article {pmid41564387,
year = {2026},
author = {Kelkar, AH and Abel, GA and Cutler, CS and Lee, SJ and Soiffer, RJ},
title = {Is It Time to Move Beyond Graft-Versus-Host Disease-Free, Relapse-Free Survival as a Primary End Point in Clinical Trials for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation?.},
journal = {Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {JCO2502130},
doi = {10.1200/JCO-25-02130},
pmid = {41564387},
issn = {1527-7755},
}

@article {pmid41563741,
year = {2026},
author = {Babu, V and Shin, DB and Onstad, L and Pidala, JA and Chen, G and Lee, CJ and Kitko, CL and Carpenter, PA and Cutler, C and El Jurdi, N and Loren, AW and Gelfand, JM and Lee, SJ and Baumrin, E},
title = {Discordance in Treatment Response Assessment Between Clinicians and Patients With Skin Chronic Graft-vs-Host Disease.},
journal = {JAMA dermatology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41563741},
issn = {2168-6084},
abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Clinician-reported and patient-reported outcomes are critical measures of therapeutic efficacy in cutaneous chronic graft-vs-host disease (cGVHD) but are not always correlated. Discordance in treatment response between clinicians and patients hinders interpretation of outcomes in clinical trials and complicates therapeutic decision-making in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with discordance in clinician-reported and patient-reported treatment response assessments and to evaluate the association of clinician-reported and patient-reported responses with survival.

This multicenter longitudinal cohort study included adults 18 years and older with cutaneous cGVHD at study enrollment, assembled from 2 observational studies and 1 randomized clinical trial. Data were collected from August 2007 to March 2024, and data were analyzed from July 2024 to May 2025.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: A global 8-point cutaneous cGVHD treatment response assessment (with 1 indicating resolved and 8 indicating very much worse) was reported by clinicians and patients 3 to 6 months after study enrollment. Clinician-reported and patient-reported treatment responses were categorized into improved, stable, and worse from the 8-point scale, and discordance was defined as a difference in response between clinicians and patients. Positive clinician discordance indicates the clinician reported a better response than the patient, and negative clinician discordance indicates the clinician reported a worse response than the patient. The association of clinician-reported and patient-reported responses with survival was measured by nonrelapse mortality.

RESULTS: Of 489 adults with cutaneous cGVHD, 192 (39.3%) were female, 297 (60.7%) were male, and the median (IQR) age was 55 (43-62) years. A total of 321 adults (65.6%) had concordant responses and 168 (34.4%) had discordant responses between clinician-reported and patient-reported treatment responses. Patients with sclerotic cGVHD had greater odds of discordance compared with those without sclerosis, with clinicians reporting both better and worse treatment response than patients (positive clinician discordance: adjusted odds ratio, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.41-6.95; P = .005; negative clinician discordance: adjusted odds ratio, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.19-4.56; P = .01). Worsening compared with improved overall cutaneous cGVHD was associated with nonrelapse mortality when reported by clinicians (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.46-3.54; P < .001) and patients (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.12-3.08; P = .02), while only patient-reported worsening was significantly associated with nonrelapse mortality in patients with sclerotic disease (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.02-3.90; P = .04).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cohort study, discordance in treatment response assessments between clinicians and patients was common in cutaneous cGVHD, yet clinician-reported and patient-reported treatment responses were both associated with survival. In patients with sclerosis who were more likely to experience discordance, patient-reported response was a critical treatment end point, and approaches should be developed to bridge discordance.},
}

@article {pmid41562706,
year = {2026},
author = {Ganesh, N and Grady, WM and Kaz, AM},
title = {Epigenetic Alterations in Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer.},
journal = {Epigenomes},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41562706},
issn = {2075-4655},
support = {U54 CA274374/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; U2 CCA271902/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) represents a distinct subtype of colorectal malignancy that arises in the setting of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Unlike sporadic colorectal cancer, CAC develops through inflammation-driven molecular pathways, in which epigenetic alterations play a pivotal role in tumor initiation and progression. This review highlights the major epigenetic mechanisms implicated in CAC, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation. Aberrant DNA methylation patterns, such as promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes and global hypomethylation, contribute to genomic instability and altered gene expression. In parallel, inflammation-induced changes in histone configuration modulate chromatin accessibility and transcriptional activity of key oncogenic and tumor-suppressive pathways. Furthermore, deregulated miRNAs influence multiple aspects of CAC pathogenesis by targeting genes involved in inflammation and tumor progression. Understanding these epigenetic processes provides valuable insights into the development of colorectal malignancy and identifies potential biomarkers for early detection and intervention in colitis-associated colorectal cancer.},
}

@article {pmid41562022,
year = {2026},
author = {Childs-Kean, LM and Azimi, SF and Beieler, AM and Castellino, L and Keller, SC and Pertzborn, M and Yamshchikov, A and Yoke, LH and Young, K and Mahoney, MV},
title = {A bundle of the top 10 OPAT publications in 2024.},
journal = {Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {e20},
pmid = {41562022},
issn = {2732-494X},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is a mainstay of clinical infectious diseases practice, and OPAT-related publications continue to be prominent in journals. The objective of this article is to summarize ten clinically important OPAT-related publications from 2024.

DESIGN: Narrative review.

METHODS: Eighty-one articles were found in a literature search, and 56 met inclusion criteria. A survey containing 25 articles was sent to an email listserv of clinicians with OPAT experience.

RESULTS: This article summarizes the top 10 OPAT articles published in 2024, based on those survey results.

CONCLUSIONS: Common themes from the top 10 OPAT articles published in 2024 included OPAT clinician workload, patient perspectives of OPAT, tools for OPAT work, and dalbavancin use.},
}

@article {pmid41559522,
year = {2026},
author = {Sassine, D and Huang, Y and Hur, C and Elkin, EB and Ferris, JS and Melamed, A and Kong, CY and Myers, ER and Bickell, NA and Hazelton, WD and Layne, TM and Heckman-Stoddard, B and Samimi, G and Havrilesky, LJ and Blank, SV and Xu, X and Wright, JD},
title = {Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Versus Primary Cytoreductive Surgery for Metastatic Endometrial Cancer.},
journal = {Cancer medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {e71539},
pmid = {41559522},
issn = {2045-7634},
support = {U01 CA265739/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; 1U01 CA265739/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Endometrial Neoplasms/pathology/mortality/therapy/drug therapy/surgery ; *Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures/methods ; *Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Treatment Outcome ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Adult ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pattern of use and clinical outcomes associated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) compared with primary debulking surgery (PDS) in patients with stage IV endometrial cancer.

METHODS: We utilized the National Cancer Database to identify individuals diagnosed with stage IV endometrial cancer, and categorized them according to receipt of NACT or PDS. Propensity score weighting using inverse probability of treatment weighting was applied. Survival outcomes were evaluated using both an intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, which included all eligible patients, and a per-protocol (PP) analysis restricted to those who underwent chemotherapy and surgery.

RESULTS: Among 18,205 patients, NACT utilization rose from 30.3% in 2010 to 73.8% in 2021 (p < 0.0001). In the multivariable analysis, patients diagnosed in more recent years, Black and Hispanic race and ethnicity, Medicaid insurance, serous histology, and greater comorbidities were associated with NACT (p < 0.05). In the ITT analysis, there was no mortality difference within 4 months after diagnosis between NACT patients and PDS patients (aHR = 1.03; 95% CI: 0.96-1.11); however, after 4 months, patients treated with NACT experienced higher mortality than those undergoing PDS (aHR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.51-1.64). In the PP analysis, NACT patients had lower mortality compared to PDS patients within 24 months after diagnosis (aHR = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88-0.99) but a 34% higher mortality after 24 months (aHR = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.23-1.47).

CONCLUSION: Utilization of NACT has expanded among patients with metastatic endometrial cancer. Primary debulking surgery with postoperative chemotherapy is linked to higher early mortality but improved long-term outcomes relative to treatment strategies beginning with NACT followed by surgery.},
}

Humans
Female
*Endometrial Neoplasms/pathology/mortality/therapy/drug therapy/surgery
*Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures/methods
*Neoadjuvant Therapy
Middle Aged
Aged
Neoplasm Staging
Treatment Outcome
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
Adult
Neoplasm Metastasis

@article {pmid41542066,
year = {2026},
author = {Montano-Campos, F and Heagerty, P and Haupt, E and Hahn, E and Radich, J and Bansal, A},
title = {A Framework for Locally Imputing and Predicting Biomarker Trajectories Under Irregular Monitoring: Application to Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.},
journal = {Research square},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41542066},
issn = {2693-5015},
abstract = {Irregular monitoring and missing data limit the utility of longitudinal biomarkers in real-world practice. We developed a generalizable framework that combines interval-aligned preprocessing, localized multiple imputation, and machine-learning forecasting to generate complete trajectories and predict future biomarker values under routine clinical conditions. Using BCR::ABL1 monitoring in chronic myeloid leukemia as a case study, we aligned measurements to 90-day intervals, applied a windowed, uncertainty-propagating imputation strategy, and trained recurrent neural network (RNN) and XGBoost models to forecast values three and six months ahead. Full Information models achieved RMSEs of 1.22-1.24 for 3-month predictions-well below the biomarker's observed variability-and maintained accuracy even when the most recent visit was intentionally omitted, simulating extended follow-up. This framework preserves local temporal structure, supports individualized monitoring decisions, and is directly adaptable to other continuous biomarkers measured under irregular real-world schedules.},
}

@article {pmid41415362,
year = {2025},
author = {Bhatia, V and Tsao, A and Chong, T and Challita, PP and Liang, K and Sayar, E and Huang, J and Lawlor, ER and Haffner, MC and Nabet, B and Lee, JK},
title = {Armoring STEAP1 CAR T cells with IL-18 potentiates antitumor activity in Ewing sarcoma.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41415362},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is a highly aggressive cancer driven by the EWS::FLI1 fusion oncoprotein affecting children, adolescents, and young adults. Six transmembrane epithelial antigen 1 (STEAP1) is a cell surface antigen transcriptionally controlled by EWS::FLI1 that is broadly expressed in EwS, positioning it as a rational immunotherapy target. However, translating CAR T therapy to solid tumors requires overcoming barriers to potency while maintaining safety.

METHODS: Analyses of transcriptome and proteome data were performed to evaluate the effects of EWS::FLI1 perturbation on STEAP1 expression at the transcript and protein levels in EwS models. STEAP1 expression was validated in EwS patient tissues by immunohistochemistry. Second-generation STEAP1-BBζ CAR T cells were tested in orthotopic and disseminated EwS xenograft models. To enhance antitumor activity, an IL-18-armored STEAP1 CAR was engineered. Dose-dependent therapeutic efficacy and safety were evaluated through measurement of tumor burden, survival, and observation for gross toxicities.

RESULTS: STEAP1 was expressed in ~97% of primary EwS tumors and directly associated with EWS::FLI1 fusion protein expression in EwS cell lines. In orthotopic EwS models, STEAP1 CAR T cells induced complete tumor regression at 5 x 10[6] cells. In disseminated disease models, responses were dose-dependent with no evidence of antigen loss. Notably, IL-18 armored STEAP1 CAR T cells achieved complete responses in ~80% of mice at a reduced dose of 10[6] cells without overt toxicity.

CONCLUSIONS: These data establish STEAP1 as a clinically relevant and highly expressed target in EwS and demonstrate that IL-18 armoring significantly improves CAR T cell efficacy by enhancing potency evident through antitumor activity at reduced cell dose. STEAP1 CAR T cells are currently under evaluation in a first-in-human phase 1/2 dose-escalation clinical trial for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (NCT06236139) and these studies support future clinical translation of STEAP1 CAR T cell therapy for relapsed/refractory EwS.},
}

@article {pmid41558886,
year = {2026},
author = {Pichler, R and Subiela, JD and Scilipoti, P and Rehder, P and Grivas, P},
title = {Regional Node-positive Bladder Cancer: Therapeutic Decisions Based on Trial Results in Perioperative and Advanced Disease Settings.},
journal = {European urology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.eururo.2026.01.013},
pmid = {41558886},
issn = {1873-7560},
abstract = {Optimal therapeutic management for cN1 M0 bladder cancer consists of perioperative systemic therapy and radical cystectomy. For patients with cN2-3 M0 disease, evidence supports upfront systemic therapy, preferably with enfortumab vedotin + pembrolizumab. Consolidative locoregional therapy may be an option in selected responders. Questions remain regarding the optimal duration of systemic therapy and the role of biomarkers. Multidisciplinary expert opinion can be critical for informed shared decision-making.},
}

@article {pmid41557860,
year = {2026},
author = {Desai, D and Sager, RA and Basin, M and Jacob, JM and Morris, GJ and Spiess, PE and Li, R and Cheng, L and Necchi, A and Kamat, AM and Grivas, P and Pavlick, D and Goldberg, H and Mollapour, M and Lin, D and Ross, JS and Bratslavsky, G and Basnet, A and Daneshvar, MA},
title = {Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group C Gene (FANCC) Association with Hereditary and Sporadic Renal Tumors.},
journal = {The oncologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/oncolo/oyag012},
pmid = {41557860},
issn = {1549-490X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Inactivating genomic alterations (GA) of FANCC gene are associated with genomic instability, DNA cross-linking, and homologous DNA repair deficiency (HRD). Here, we evaluated the incidence of FANCC GA in RT.

METHODS: 463,546 clinically advanced cancers (CAC) underwent hybrid capture-based comprehensive genomic profiling using the FDA-approved F1CDx assay to detect all classes of GA. MSI status, TMB, gLOH, prediction of germline status, and genomic signature were determined with algorithm-based analysis.

RESULTS: 1,993 (0.43%) CAC featured FANCC GA. 27 of these FANCC-mutated tumors (20 male, mean age 57) were RT (0.35% of 7,668 RT). The primary tumor was sequenced in 9 cases and a metastatic site in 18 (5 lymph node, 4 soft tissues, 3 brain, 2 livers, 1 each lung, adrenal, eye, bone). Only 1 of 25 tested FANCC-mutated RT was MSI-high. 4 cases (15%) featured TMB ≥10 mut/Mb. Genomic signature could be assessed in 5 cases: 4 were MMR deficient. The FANCC mutations included inactivating short variant mutations in 24 cases (10 nonsense, 10 frameshift, 2 non-frame and 2 splice-site mutations) and 3 truncating rearrangements (FANCC: SUSD3, FANCC: FANCC, FANCC: C20orf24). Interestingly, 14 (52%) of the FANCC-mutated RT were predicted to be germline.

CONCLUSIONS: Somatic and germline mutations in FANCC occur in an exceedingly small subset of clinically advanced RT but at similar rate to other cancers, and genomic landscape does not appear to be different from RT with wild-type FANCC. Germline testing is warranted, as we see high frequency of germline FANCC mutations.

PATIENT SUMMARY: Our study highlights the rate of FANCC mutation in kidney cancer, which may be a therapeutic target and awaits further assessment and drug development. Also, it shows that FANCC mutation are more germline, requiring further genetic testing.},
}

@article {pmid41557789,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, T and Ilano, A and Arias-Badia, M and Luong, D and Chang, H and Kwek, SS and Allaire, K and Chumber, A and Sakamoto, M and Clark, M and Lea, A and Bridge, M and Chen, B and Liu, E and Porten, S and Meng, MV and Erlich, LIR and Oh, DY and Fong, L},
title = {Functionally heterogeneous intratumoral CD4[+]CD8[+] double-positive T cells can give rise to single-positive T cells.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {123},
number = {4},
pages = {e2506168123},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2506168123},
pmid = {41557789},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {1R35CA253175//HHS | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; P50CA275741//HHS | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Carcinoma, Renal Cell/immunology/pathology ; *CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; *Kidney Neoplasms/immunology/pathology ; *CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Tumor Microenvironment/immunology ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology ; },
abstract = {Conventional single-positive (SP) CD4[+] and CD8[+] T cells recognize tumor antigens and help mediate clinical responses with cancer immunotherapy. Double-positive CD4[+]CD8[+] (DP) T cells have also been described in human cancers, but their role in the tumor microenvironment remains unclear. By generating a multiomic single cell atlas of DP and SP T cells, we find that DP T cells possess phenotypic heterogeneity similar to SP T cells that includes multiple clonally expanded populations of cytotoxic DP T cells in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC). These intratumoral DP T cells can mediate both MHC class I- and class II-dependent killing of autologous tumor cells. In addition, transcriptional profiling of DP TCR-bearing T cells revealed a gene signature enriched for clinical responders to PD-1 blockade in advanced RCC. We confirm prior observations of SP T cells transitioning into DP T cells and more notably, demonstrate that intratumoral T cells are capable of bidirectional differentiation in which DP T cells serve as precursors to SP T cell sin vivo. In the latter scenario, intratumoral DP T cells are shown to express Rag2, suggesting that the tumor may act as an extrathymic site of T cell development. These findings reveal the multiple roles that DP T cells can possess in antitumor immunity.},
}

Humans
*Carcinoma, Renal Cell/immunology/pathology
*CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
*Kidney Neoplasms/immunology/pathology
*CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology

@article {pmid41557352,
year = {2026},
author = {Alagoz, O and Lu, Y and Gil Quessep, E and Kerlikowske, K and Mandelblatt, JS and Sprague, BL and Trentham-Dietz, A and Hampton, J and Groeneweg, R and de Koning, HJ and Miglioretti, DL and Schechter, CB and van Ravesteyn, NT and Tosteson, ANA and Stout, NK and Lowry, KP},
title = {Five-Year Absolute Risk-Based and Age-Based Breast Cancer Screening in the US.},
journal = {JAMA network open},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {e2552944},
pmid = {41557352},
issn = {2574-3805},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/diagnostic imaging/epidemiology/mortality ; Middle Aged ; *Early Detection of Cancer/methods/statistics & numerical data ; *Mammography/methods/statistics & numerical data ; Aged ; Adult ; United States/epidemiology ; Risk Assessment/methods ; Age Factors ; *Mass Screening/methods ; },
abstract = {IMPORTANCE: General mammography screening guidelines target women at average risk within a specified age range (age based) and do not consider absolute risk of individual women at a given age (risk based).

OBJECTIVE: To compare outcomes of mammography screening strategies that vary by 5-year risk of invasive breast cancer vs age-based strategies.

This decision analytical model used 2 established Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network (CISNET) breast cancer models and simulated US women born in 1980 who were aged 40 years or older without a prior history of breast cancer. Modeling analyses were conducted from April 2023 to April 2025.

INTERVENTION: Digital breast tomosynthesis delivered via 50 screening strategies (3 age based and 47 risk based) vs a no-screening scenario. Five-year absolute invasive breast cancer risk was based on the validated Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium, version 3 calculator. Women's 5-year breast cancer risk was categorized as low, average, intermediate, or high.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Primary outcomes included lifetime number of breast cancer deaths averted and false-positive screening recalls. Lifetime outcomes were averaged across models and expressed per 1000 women screened.

RESULTS: Nine risk-based screening strategies were associated with a comparable or greater number of deaths averted than biennial age-based screening from ages 40 to 74 years (B40-74) (range across strategies for mean model estimates, 6.8-7.5 per 1000 women vs 6.8 per 1000 women) as well as reduced false-positive recalls by 8% to 23% (1050-1257 per 1000 women for risk-based screening strategies vs 1365 per 1000 women for B40-74). For example, a risk-based approach using a combination of biennial screening (for women at low risk aged 55-74 years, at average risk aged 50-59 years, at intermediate risk aged 45-54 years, and at high risk aged 40-49 years) and annual screening (for women at average risk aged 60-74 years, at intermediate risk aged 55-74 years, and at high risk aged 50-74 years) would be associated with 6% more breast cancer deaths averted than B40-74 (7.2 vs 6.8 per 1000 women) and 13% fewer false-positive recalls (1190 vs 1365 per 1000 women). Results were consistent across the 2 CISNET models, and the relative difference in breast cancer deaths averted between B40-74 and risk-based screening strategies was more pronounced than for life-years gained.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this decision analytical modeling study of breast cancer screening, population risk-based screening using 5-year invasive breast cancer risk was associated with similar or greater benefits than age-based screening as well as reduced false-positive recalls. As personalized medicine advances, risk-based screening is poised to become a cornerstone of breast cancer prevention, offering a more nuanced and tailored approach to patient care.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/diagnostic imaging/epidemiology/mortality
Middle Aged
*Early Detection of Cancer/methods/statistics & numerical data
*Mammography/methods/statistics & numerical data
Aged
Adult
United States/epidemiology
Risk Assessment/methods
Age Factors
*Mass Screening/methods

@article {pmid41556857,
year = {2026},
author = {Tsai, YY and Thomas, CE and Law, PJ and Chen, Z and Gruber, SB and Schmit, SL and , },
title = {HLA Heterozygosity Influences Colorectal Cancer Risk and Survival Outcome.},
journal = {Gastroenterology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1053/j.gastro.2025.10.020},
pmid = {41556857},
issn = {1528-0012},
}

@article {pmid41556483,
year = {2026},
author = {Rosen, EA and Krantz, EM and Thibodeau, A and Kennedy, K and Yoke, LH and Tverdek, F and Kassamali Escobar, Z and Cooper, JP and Ueda Oshima, M and Hendrie, P and Mielcarek, M and Liu, C},
title = {Diagnostic Yield of Repeat Blood Cultures and Risk Factors for Bloodstream Infection in Persistent Febrile Neutropenia.},
journal = {Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/cid/ciag014},
pmid = {41556483},
issn = {1537-6591},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The optimal frequency of repeat blood cultures in persistent febrile neutropenia (FN) remains unknown. This study aims to identify opportunities for blood culture diagnostic stewardship in persistent FN.

METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with hematology/oncology diagnoses and an FN episode >3 days. Generalized estimating equation logistic regression models were used to evaluate risk factors for new bloodstream infection (BSI) after FN day 3.

RESULTS: Among 620 patients, median FN duration was 5 days and median blood culture bottles collected per patient was 12. On FN day 1, 25% of patients had a positive blood culture; on FN days 2-9, <5% of patients per day had a new organism isolated. Among 31 new organisms isolated after FN day 3, 8 (26%) were contaminants. Of 503 patients with ≥1 blood culture collected after FN day 3, 19 (4%) had a new BSI after FN day 3. FN onset in the peri-hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) period (day -7 to +30) was associated with lower odds of new BSI after FN day 3 (OR 0.18; 95%CI [0.04-0.71]; p=0.01).Thirty-six patients died within 30 days after FN day 3, including 4 with a new BSI after FN day 3; 1 death was attributable to BSI after FN day 3.

CONCLUSIONS: Detection of new BSI after FN day 3 was uncommon, demonstrating low diagnostic yield of repeat blood cultures after FN day 3. FN episodes in the peri-HCT period may be a potential focus for blood culture diagnostic stewardship initiatives.},
}

@article {pmid41553230,
year = {2026},
author = {Shadman, M and Bouwmeester, W and Mohseninejad, L and Xu, S and Jevdjevic, M and Yang, K and Williams, R and Jansen, JP},
title = {Prolonged progression-free survival with zanubrutinib in relapsed/refractory CLL: an indirect treatment comparison versus other BTK inhibitors using multilevel network meta-regression.},
journal = {Journal of medical economics},
volume = {29},
number = {1},
pages = {180-192},
doi = {10.1080/13696998.2025.2609514},
pmid = {41553230},
issn = {1941-837X},
mesh = {Humans ; Adenine/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use/analogs & derivatives ; Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors ; *Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Benzamides/therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic ; *Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy/mortality ; *Piperidines/therapeutic use ; Progression-Free Survival ; *Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use/economics ; Pyrazines/therapeutic use ; *Pyrazoles/therapeutic use/economics ; *Pyrimidines/therapeutic use ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKis) are therapeutic agents for relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (R/R CLL). Previous indirect treatment comparisons are limited in simultaneously comparing multiple interventions and adjusting for population differences. This study aimed to use a more rigorous approach called multilevel network meta-regression (ML-NMR) to estimate the relative treatment effects of zanubrutinib compared to acalabrutinib and ibrutinib in two target populations: a general R/R CLL population similar to the phase 3 ALPINE trial's intention-to-treat (ITT) population, and a high-risk population with del(17p) and/or del(11q), similar to the ITT population of the phase 3 ELEVATE-RR trial.

METHODS: The ML-NMR was conducted using data from three phase 3 randomized controlled trials: ALPINE (N = 652), ELEVATE-RR (N = 533), and ASCEND (N = 310). Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were the outcomes of interest. The ML-NMR integrated individual patient data from ALPINE with aggregate data from the other trials, incorporating important effect modifiers to estimate relative treatment effects for the target populations.

RESULTS: In the general R/R CLL population, zanubrutinib showed an improved PFS compared to ibrutinib (HR = 0.67, 95% Credible Interval [CrI] = 0.52-0.87) and acalabrutinib (HR = 0.57, 95% CrI = 0.34-0.95). In the high-risk population, zanubrutinib maintained its PFS advantage over ibrutinib and acalabrutinib. OS was similar across BTKis in both populations, with wide CrIs that included an estimate of no difference between treatments.

CONCLUSION: This ML-NMR suggests that zanubrutinib offers improved PFS compared to ibrutinib and acalabrutinib in both general and high-risk R/R CLL populations. OS results were uncertain due to limited follow-up.},
}

Humans
Adenine/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use/analogs & derivatives
Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors
*Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
Benzamides/therapeutic use
Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic
*Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy/mortality
*Piperidines/therapeutic use
Progression-Free Survival
*Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use/economics
Pyrazines/therapeutic use
*Pyrazoles/therapeutic use/economics
*Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

@article {pmid41550315,
year = {2025},
author = {Chandrasekhar, S and Finberg, A and Jabbour, A and Dang, L and Hanson, J and Behnia, S and Goff, P and Nghiem, P},
title = {A single dose of neoadjuvant radiation for Merkel cell carcinoma: Complete pathologic response with minimal morbidity in a rapidly growing lesion of the eye.},
journal = {JAAD case reports},
volume = {66},
number = {},
pages = {137-140},
pmid = {41550315},
issn = {2352-5126},
support = {P01 CA225517/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; P30 CA015704/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
}

@article {pmid41549755,
year = {2026},
author = {Heitner, JA and Stansfield, SE and Mitchell, KM and Doyle, CM and Milwid, RM and Moore, M and Donnell, DJ and Xia, Y and Maheu-Giroux, M and Barnabas, RV and Boily, MC and Dimitrov, DT},
title = {Cost-effectiveness of leveraging long-acting injectable cabotegravir to expand PrEP coverage among MSM in two contrasting North American cities.},
journal = {Journal of the International AIDS Society},
volume = {29},
number = {1},
pages = {e70061},
pmid = {41549755},
issn = {1758-2652},
mesh = {Male ; Humans ; *Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis/economics/methods ; *Cost-Benefit Analysis ; *HIV Infections/prevention & control/epidemiology/transmission ; Homosexuality, Male ; *Pyridones/economics/administration & dosage ; *Anti-HIV Agents/economics/administration & dosage ; Adult ; Georgia/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Injections ; Young Adult ; Canada ; Quebec/epidemiology ; Cities ; *Disease Transmission, Infectious/prevention & control ; Diketopiperazines ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Long-acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB-LA) is superior to daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and could expand PrEP usage. Given price differentials between CAB-LA and TDF/FTC, evaluating the cost-effectiveness of potential PrEP coverage scenarios is warranted.

METHODS: We simulated PrEP coverage expansion among men who have sex with men (MSM) via introducing CAB-LA using two age- and risk-stratified HIV transmission models separately calibrated to local data from a high-incidence (Atlanta, USA) and a low-incidence (Montréal, Canada) North American setting. PrEP coverage of HIV-negative MSM was simulated to increase from 6% to 15%, 30%, 40% or 50% (Montréal) or from 29% to 40% or 50% (Atlanta), within 5 or 10 years, with 0%, 15%, 30%, 50% or 100% of current TDF/FTC users switching to CAB-LA. Costing took a healthcare payer perspective and included PrEP pharmaceuticals, PrEP programmatic costs and HIV-related care. Atlanta scenarios considered oral PrEP acquired at average recent market prices (primary analysis), and both settings modelled universal acquisition at the lowest available generic price (LAGP). Simulations were compared to baseline projections without CAB-LA-based expansions over 20 years, with costs and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) discounted 3% annually. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of expansions were assessed against a $100,000 per DALY averted threshold.

RESULTS: In Atlanta, scenario median ICERs at recent prices ranged from $141,600 (90% CI $60,100-$256,000) to $203,800 ($99,300-$359,200) per DALY averted. All uncertainty intervals covered $100,000. Under universal LAGP TDF-FTC, median ICERs ranged from $255,800 ($112,900-$452,30) to $370,700 ($172,200-$669,100). The strongest expansion scenarios were expected to remain cost-effective until approximately $2800/dose, or approximately $1350 with universal LAGP TDF/FTC. In Montréal, scenarios had median ICERs from $920,000 to $2,540,000, excluding dominated runs.

CONCLUSIONS: In a high-incidence Atlanta MSM population, CAB-LA-based PrEP expansions are not projected to be cost-effective, though a minority of simulations achieved cost-effectiveness. However, lower prices could achieve cost-effectiveness. In a low-incidence Montréal MSM population, broad expansions are not expected to be cost-effective at modelled prices. Prioritizing CAB-LA to Montréal MSM facing access, adherence or persistence barriers to oral PrEP warrants a cost-effectiveness assessment.},
}

Male
Humans
*Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis/economics/methods
*Cost-Benefit Analysis
*HIV Infections/prevention & control/epidemiology/transmission
Homosexuality, Male
*Pyridones/economics/administration & dosage
*Anti-HIV Agents/economics/administration & dosage
Adult
Georgia/epidemiology
Middle Aged
Injections
Young Adult
Canada
Quebec/epidemiology
Cities
*Disease Transmission, Infectious/prevention & control
Diketopiperazines

@article {pmid41549659,
year = {2026},
author = {Okinaka, K and Schiffer, JT},
title = {Strategies for mitigating severe COVID-19 in patients with haematological malignancy during the omicron era.},
journal = {The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy},
volume = {81},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jac/dkaf489},
pmid = {41549659},
issn = {1460-2091},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/complications ; *Hematologic Neoplasms/complications/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis/methods ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Immunocompromised Host ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; },
abstract = {Despite a decrease in disease severity since the emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron variant, coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) continues to pose a significant threat to patients with haematological malignancies (HM). Although repeated booster vaccinations enhance protection against severe illnesses in immunocompromised individuals, they remain at heightened risk of adverse outcomes. This underscores the crucial need for effective pharmacologic strategies to prevent and treat infection. This review examines current strategies for preventing severe COVID-19 in patients with HM, focusing on pre-exposure prophylaxis and early treatment of COVID-19. New monoclonal antibodies have been developed, offering effective pre-exposure prophylaxis. Antiviral agents and monoclonal antibodies demonstrated efficacy in limiting severe COVID-19 outcomes in patients with HM, though some patients, particularly the elderly, remain at risk of critical illness and death. Prolonged infection over months is also common, particularly in patients with lymphoid malignancies. Sustained viral shedding and ongoing mutation may be associated with chronic symptoms and is the likely source of several novel variants of concern that prolonged the pandemic. While HM subtype and advanced age are risk factors for severe or persistent COVID-19, there are no accurate tools for predicting individual risk. Given this uncertainty, prompt medical consultation, timely prescription of antiviral agents, and close monitoring are essential to minimize the risk of adverse outcomes in this vulnerable population.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/prevention & control/complications
*Hematologic Neoplasms/complications/virology
*SARS-CoV-2/drug effects
*Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis/methods
Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
Immunocompromised Host
COVID-19 Drug Treatment

@article {pmid41547989,
year = {2026},
author = {Xu, J and Halloran, ME and Moore, M and Zhang, L and Hyrien, O and Luedtke, A and El Sahly, HM and Baden, LR and Goepfert, PA and Gray, G and Grinsztejn, B and Sobieszczyk, ME and Falsey, AR and Robinson, ST and Garcia, NMG and Zhou, H and van Dromme, I and Truyers, C and Hirsch, I and Neuzil, KM and Corey, L and Kublin, JG and Follmann, D and Janes, HE and Gilbert, PB and Huang, Y},
title = {Association between COVID-19 vaccine efficacy and epidemic force of infection.},
journal = {NPJ vaccines},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41541-026-01374-3},
pmid = {41547989},
issn = {2059-0105},
abstract = {The association between vaccine efficacy (VE) and force of infection (FoI) remains incompletely understood. Previous analyses have been primarily based on trial-level summary data-not accounting for the effect of time and constrained by the number of trials. Here, we leverage individual-level data from three phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled COVID-19 vaccine trials-the COVE trial (Moderna, CoVPN3001), the AZD1222 trial (AstraZeneca, CoVPN3002), and the ENSEMBLE trial (Janssen/Johnson & Johnson, CoVPN3003)-and contemporaneous geographic-location-specific SARS-CoV-2 surveillance data from the start of the pandemic through November 14, 2021 (including the blinded follow-up periods of the trials) to conduct five cohort- and vaccine-specific analyses: COVE (U.S.), AZD1222 overall (U.S. + non-U.S.), AZD1222 U.S., ENSEMBLE overall (U.S. + non-U.S.), and ENSEMBLE U.S. In AZD1222 U.S., higher VE was associated with higher FoI (p = 0.01). In ENSEMBLE overall, lower VE was marginally associated with higher FoI (p = 0.21), further supported by a region-specific analysis. In COVE, AZD1222 overall, and ENSEMBLE U.S., no VE-FoI association was found. These findings highlighted a new perspective: the VE-FoI association appears complex, potentially influenced by FoI levels, with patterns suggesting an inverted U-shaped relationship, showing a positive association at low FoI levels and a negative association at high levels.},
}

@article {pmid41547399,
year = {2026},
author = {Pidala, J and Logan, B and Lee, SJ and Shaw, BE and Devine, S and Ciurea, SO and Horowitz, M and He, N and Pusic, I and Srour, SA and Arai, S and Juckett, M and Uberti, J and Hill, L and Vasu, S and Hogan, WJ and Hayes-Lattin, B and Westervelt, P and Bashey, A and Farhadfar, N and Grunwald, MR and Leifer, E and Symons, H and Saad, A and Vogel, J and Erickson, C and Buck, K and Dehn, JG},
title = {Donor search and selection strategy to facilitate comparable transplant rates across donor search prognosis groups: A report from the BMT CTN 1702 trial.},
journal = {Transplantation and cellular therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtct.2026.01.014},
pmid = {41547399},
issn = {2666-6367},
abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: In a secondary analysis from the BMT CTN 1702 trial, we report on donor search and selection strategies per baseline recipient search prognosis (SP).

STUDY DESIGN: A total of 1751 patients were analyzed (SP groups: very likely 958, less likely 517, very unlikely 276).

RESULTS: Target time to HCT was most often 6-12 weeks (SP p=NS) and was associated with AML remission status (p<0.01). Baseline preferred alternative donor (Alt-D) across all SP was most commonly haploidentical (haplo) donor (62.2% overall), whereas mismatched unrelated (MMUD) increased over time during the study period. Those in less/very unlikely groups prioritized more Alt-D types at baseline and had more priority ranking changes (SP p<0.01). While comparable number of donors were typed (all SP, median 3 donors, median time 1.1 months), less/very unlikely SP had greater use of Alt-D, (SP p<0.01). Reasons for non-selection of typed donors varied by SP: For less/very unlikely, degree of HLA mismatching and donor specific antibodies were more common, while for very likely SP, other preferred donors were more common. Of 1751, 65% reached HCT: 94% of the very likely used 8/8 matched unrelated donor (MUD) and 91% of very unlikely used Alt-D (haplo 61%, MMUD 22%, UCB 8%). HCT occurred within initial desired timeline for 38% of all subjects. HCT delays occurred in 29% mostly for disease or patient health overall, and of these 52% reached HCT after delay.

CONCLUSION: In this prospective, multicenter evaluation of donor search and selection practices, we demonstrate that patients with poor likelihood of 8/8 MUD matching can reach HCT at comparable rates and with similar effort (time spent typing, number of donors typed) using an early Alt-D-centered strategy. Uniformly across SP, target time to HCT is not commonly reached and is disrupted mostly by disease/patient health delays, not commonly donor availability.},
}

@article {pmid41542557,
year = {2026},
author = {Ahn, JJ and Yu, TC and Dadonaite, B and Radford, CE and Bloom, JD},
title = {Influenza hemagglutinin subtypes have different sequence constraints despite sharing extremely similar structures.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41542557},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Hemagglutinins (HA) from different influenza A virus subtypes share as little as ~40% amino acid identity, yet their protein structure and cell entry function are highly conserved. Here we examine the extent that sequence constraints on HA differ across three subtypes. To do this, we first use pseudovirus deep mutational scanning to measure how all amino-acid mutations to an H7 HA affect its cell entry function. We then compare these new measurements to previously described measurements of how all mutations to H3 and H5 HAs affect cell entry function. We find that ~50% of HA sites display substantially diverged preferences for different amino acids across the HA subtypes. The sites with the most divergent amino-acid preferences tend to be buried and have biochemically distinct wildtype amino acids in the different HA subtypes. We provide an example of how rewiring the interactions among contacting residues has dramatically shifted which amino acids are tolerated at specific sites. Overall, our results show how proteins with the same structure and function can become subject to very different site-specific evolutionary constraints as their sequences diverge.},
}

@article {pmid41509424,
year = {2025},
author = {Richardson, RB and Kikawa, C and Garg, A and Bednarski, E and Salim, M and Bacsik, D and Veit, EC and Hermacinski, A and Hamilton, R and García-Sastre, A and Bloom, JD and Lim, JK and Evans, MJ},
title = {Coevolutionary constraints of Zika virus nonstructural protein 5 replication and interferon antagonism activities.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41509424},
issn = {2692-8205},
support = {F31 AI191695/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AI166594/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AI175303/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {The flavivirus nonstructural protein 5 performs multiple functions during infection, including RNA replication and type I interferon signaling antagonism. Although flavivirus NS5 proteins inhibit IFN signaling through distinct mechanisms, which suggests evolutionary flexibility, the evolutionary constraints for these activities to coexist within a single protein remain to be determined. Here, we mapped the Zika virus NS5 STAT2 antagonism determinants and compared them with replication constraints defined by deep mutational scanning. Antagonism and replication determinant extensively overlapped, and no single amino acid substitution eliminated antagonism without impairing replication. Resolving these fitness landscapes in parallel identified specific combinations of partially functional substitutions that retained replication capacity while markedly reducing antagonism. These viruses were profoundly attenuated in human STAT2 knock-in mice. Our results uncover a fundamental evolutionary constraint linking replication and immune evasion activities in NS5, highlight that STAT2 antagonism is essential for ZIKV pathogenesis and provide new avenues for attenuated ZIKV vaccines.},
}

@article {pmid41546844,
year = {2026},
author = {Donzella, SM and VoPham, T and Weaver, MD and Patel, AV and Phipps, AI and Zhong, C},
title = {Sleep midpoint, social jetlag, and cancer risk in the Cancer Prevention Study-3.},
journal = {Cancer causes & control : CCC},
volume = {37},
number = {2},
pages = {29},
pmid = {41546844},
issn = {1573-7225},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Neoplasms/epidemiology/prevention & control/etiology ; Male ; Adult ; *Sleep/physiology ; Prospective Studies ; Aged ; Risk Factors ; Incidence ; United States/epidemiology ; *Jet Lag Syndrome/epidemiology/complications ; Follow-Up Studies ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Sleep timing and regularity are associated with various health and performance outcomes, but limited research has investigated the relationship of these sleep dimensions with cancer incidence. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations of sleep midpoint and social jetlag with cancer risk among US adults.

METHODS: The Cancer Prevention Study-3 is a large prospective study of US adults aged 30-65 years. At the first triennial follow-up (2015), participants were asked to report the average time they spent sleeping during a 24-h weekday and weekend, respectively. Sleep midpoint was calculated as the wake time minus half of sleep duration on a weekday and weekend to create a 5:2 weekday:weekend weighted average which was categorized as < 2:30AM, 2:30- < 3:30AM (referent), and ≥ 3:30AM. Social jetlag measures were calculated to estimate the difference in sleep midpoint on the weekend and weekday and categorized as < 1 h (referent), 1- < 2 h, and ≥ 2 h. Cancer incidence was determined via linkage to state registries; follow-up time ended at the time of cancer diagnosis or death or end of follow-up (12/31/2020). We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to estimate adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals adjusted for socio-demographics, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, and lifestyle behaviors.

RESULTS: A total of 5,537 incident cancer cases were reported among 145,386 CPS-3 participants. We found no statistically significant associations of sleep midpoint or measures of social jetlag with overall cancer or breast cancer-specific risk.

CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest no significant associations of sleep midpoint and social jetlag with cancer risk.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
*Neoplasms/epidemiology/prevention & control/etiology
Male
Adult
*Sleep/physiology
Prospective Studies
Aged
Risk Factors
Incidence
United States/epidemiology
*Jet Lag Syndrome/epidemiology/complications
Follow-Up Studies

@article {pmid41546729,
year = {2026},
author = {Karvonen, KA and McDougall, JA and Hohl, SD and Carosso, EA and Burrows, T and Mecham, SH and Stohr, E and Devine, A and Linden, H and Gopal, AK and Yu, EY and Cowan, AJ and Mendoza, JA},
title = {Perspectives on GUIDE (Guiding participation toward understanding, inclusion, diversity, and equity for cancer trials): a clinical trial access intervention.},
journal = {Cancer causes & control : CCC},
volume = {37},
number = {2},
pages = {19},
pmid = {41546729},
issn = {1573-7225},
support = {FY23-IDCT-01//Andy Hill CARE Fund/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Neoplasms/therapy/psychology ; Female ; Male ; *Clinical Trials as Topic/economics ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; *Health Services Accessibility ; Aged ; *Patient Participation ; Patient Selection ; Qualitative Research ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: We sought to examine key patient and provider perspectives to develop GUIDE (Guiding participation toward Understanding, Inclusion, Diversity, and Equity for Cancer Clinical Trials), an intervention aimed to improve access to clinical trials through reimbursement of trial-related out-of-pocket costs and navigation. We sought patient and provider perspectives to optimize future GUIDE implementation.

METHODS: Study team members conducted semi-structured 1:1 qualitative interviews with oncology patients (n = 20) and providers (n = 20) to identify influences on clinical trial participation and GUIDE acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility. Data were analyzed using a deductive, rapid framework analysis. We applied a Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and constructs of Proctor's taxonomy of implementation outcomes to organize themes and inform the development of GUIDE.

RESULTS: Patients reported clinical trial-related expenses as significant barriers for trial participation. Providers unanimously found GUIDE acceptable, appropriate, and feasible. Participants indicated program success would depend on establishing clarity around reimbursement and the role of the trial navigator ('Guide') within an existing multidisciplinary team and equipping the Guide with skills and affect to build trust with patients.

CONCLUSION: Health-related social needs (HRSN) are a critical influence on trial participation. Providers perceived the GUIDE program has potential to address HRSN and enhance trial diversity. For successful implementation, clear reimbursement protocols and infrastructure, integration of the Guide as part of the care team, and training for the Guide to screen for HRSN and connect patients to trial/institutional resources are needed.

IMPACT: We report patient and provider-identified elements critical for future trial navigator programs.},
}

Humans
*Neoplasms/therapy/psychology
Female
Male
*Clinical Trials as Topic/economics
Middle Aged
Adult
*Health Services Accessibility
Aged
*Patient Participation
Patient Selection
Qualitative Research

@article {pmid41545303,
year = {2026},
author = {Huang, JJ and YousefiAsl, M and Singh, N and Grivas, P and Bhatia, S},
title = {Steroid-sparing strategies for managing immune-related adverse events.},
journal = {Journal for immunotherapy of cancer},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41545303},
issn = {2051-1426},
mesh = {Humans ; *Neoplasms/drug therapy/immunology ; *Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/adverse effects ; *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/drug therapy/etiology ; *Steroids/therapeutic use ; *Immunotherapy/adverse effects/methods ; },
abstract = {Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have greatly improved outcomes in several cancer types, their use is also associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs) that can impact any organ system and lead to significant morbidity and even mortality. Current approaches to treatment of irAEs largely rely on the use of systemic corticosteroids, which can compromise antitumor immune responses and oncologic outcomes. Prolonged use of systemic corticosteroids is also associated with its own set of toxicities. Thus, there is a critical need for steroid-sparing treatment approaches for irAEs.In this article, we review the literature for alternative therapeutic approaches for irAEs, which include targeted delivery (alternate routes of administration) of steroids (eg, budesonide) as well as systemic non-steroidal strategies using other mechanisms of action, such as integrin/cytokine blockade, antibody depletion, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and fecal microbiota transplant, among others. Many of these approaches have shown significant promise in their ability to induce a clinical response and improve symptoms, even in the setting of steroid-refractory or steroid-dependent irAEs. These approaches are being increasingly used as primary and secondary prophylaxis in patients at high risk of irAEs. Importantly, these strategies may mitigate steroid-associated toxicities, preserve antitumor immune responses and allow continuation of ICI after development of irAEs, hence enabling the full potential of ICI against cancer.},
}

Humans
*Neoplasms/drug therapy/immunology
*Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/adverse effects
*Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/drug therapy/etiology
*Steroids/therapeutic use
*Immunotherapy/adverse effects/methods

@article {pmid41545094,
year = {2026},
author = {Nowicka, Z and Grassberger, C and Beekman, C},
title = {The Challenges Discovering the Mechanisms Underlying Radiation-Induced Lymphopenia From Clinical Data.},
journal = {International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics},
volume = {124},
number = {2},
pages = {484-487},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijrobp.2025.11.002},
pmid = {41545094},
issn = {1879-355X},
}

@article {pmid41544713,
year = {2026},
author = {Prentice, RL and Tinker, LF and Neuhouser, ML and Lampe, JW and Raftery, D and Gowda, GAN and Song, X and Navarro, SL and Huang, Y and Vasan, S and Orchard, TS and Brasky, TM and Manson, JE and Zheng, C},
title = {Biomarkers for dietary fatty acid densities among postmenopausal U.S. females derived using a habitual-diet human feeding study.},
journal = {The American journal of clinical nutrition},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {101197},
doi = {10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101197},
pmid = {41544713},
issn = {1938-3207},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Although measures of blood and tissue fatty acid (FA) concentrations are available, objective measures of dietary FA densities (g/kcal) are generally lacking.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to explore the development of biomarkers for specific and composite dietary FA densities, not including contributions from dietary supplements, using metabolite profiles from serum and 24-hour urine, along with separately measured serum phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) concentrations in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI).

METHODS: Potential biomarker equations were based on linear regression of feeding study dietary FA densities on metabolite concentrations, each log-transformed, among participants in a habitual-diet human feeding study (n=153) within WHI. Corresponding biomarker equations were also considered for total saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acid densities and for total n-3 and n-6 PUFA densities. Dietary FA density estimates derived from these equations were evaluated by correlation with feeding study intake densities, and by other important biomarker criteria.

RESULTS: Regression cross-validated R[2] values >30% for specific SFAs were 64.7 butyric, 60.9 caprioc, 48.7 caprylic, 53.0 capric, 39.9 lauric, 61.0 myristic, 42.2 palmitic, 34.2 stearic, 34.8 arachidic, 49.9 decosanoic; for specific MUFAs were 31.3 oleic; and for specific PUFAs were 51.7 linoleic, 50.1 alpha linolenic, 39.7 arachidonic, 40.2 EPA, 53.5 DPA, and 47.9 DHA. Corresponding values were 46.4, 52.8, 46.1, and 52.4 for total SFA, total PUFA, total n-3, and total n-6 densities. Many FA density equations had contributions from multiple metabolites, mostly serum metabolites, and from total energy expenditure. Sensitivity and specificity criteria are plausibly satisfied for proposed biomarkers, based on the feeding study design and on the sets of selected metabolites.

CONCLUSION: Combinations of log-transformed metabolite concentrations can lead to objective intake density estimates for multiple FAs in the diets of U.S. postmenopausal females, with relevance to the reliable study of dietary FA densities and chronic disease risk.},
}

@article {pmid41544638,
year = {2026},
author = {Duncombe, CJ and Hergott, DEB and Staubus, W and Balke-Buijs, M and Kublin, JG and Duffy, PE and Healy, SA and Talley, A and Jackson, L and Sim, BKL and Hoffman, SL and Sauerwein, RW and Roestenberg, M and Murphy, SC},
title = {Sex-based differences in Plasmodium infection in the control groups of controlled human malaria infection trials in malaria-naive populations in the USA and the Netherlands: a pooled analysis.},
journal = {The Lancet. Microbe},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {101265},
doi = {10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101265},
pmid = {41544638},
issn = {2666-5247},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Before infecting red blood cells and causing the clinical manifestations of malaria, the hepatotropic parasite Plasmodium falciparum completes a complex liver stage. Sex-based differences in pathogenesis by hepatotropic micro-organisms are well documented but unstudied for P falciparum in humans. We aimed to evaluate the effect of sex on the time to blood-stage positivity and initial blood-stage parasite densities as indicators of liver-stage dynamics and parasite replication.

METHODS: We conducted a pooled analysis of data from malaria-naive participants in control groups from controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) studies conducted between Jan 1, 2010, and Dec 31, 2024, in which samples were tested using Plasmodium 18S ribosomal RNA nucleic acid amplification tests (18S NAATs) at laboratories in Seattle (WA, USA) and Leiden (Netherlands). Participants aged 18-48 years were eligible for inclusion if they were in placebo or infectivity control groups in any CHMI study at the two laboratories and developed parasitaemia following CHMI. Patient demographics and 18S NAAT data were obtained from study leads at each centre and collated, standardised, and reviewed. Information on P falciparum strain, challenge route, and sampling schedule were extracted from study protocols or publications. The main outcome, time to positivity (TTP), was calculated as the study day of the first positive 18S NAAT of any density, measured during a 28-day monitoring period following CHMI. Using an interval-censored generalised gamma accelerated failure time model, we compared time to blood-stage positivity by sex, adjusting for challenge route, P falciparum strain, and study site. Odds of developing detectable infection after 7 days post-challenge was compared between male and female participants using a linear mixed-effects model adjusted for the same terms.

FINDINGS: Evaluable data were available from 102 control participants (48 [47%] female and 54 [53%] male) across 13 CHMI studies. There was moderate heterogeneity between studies (I[2]=31% [95% CI 0-57]). There were no notable demographic differences between male and female participants regarding age, challenge route, or strain. The mean time to first detectable parasitaemia was slightly longer in male participants (7·59 days [SD 1·15]) than in female participants (7·17 days [0·91]). Adjusted accelerated failure time analysis suggested that TTP occurred 8% later in male participants than female participants (time ratio 1·08 [1·03-1·16]). Male participants were significantly more likely than female participants to have a detectable infection after day 7 (19 [35%] of 54 male participants vs six [13%] of 48 female participants), with adjusted odds of delayed infection 5·20 times (95% CI 1·52-17·70) higher in male than female participants.

INTERPRETATION: Our findings suggest that male individuals are more likely to have a delayed detection of blood-stage parasites following CHMI with P falciparum compared with female individuals. Although the inability to directly measure liver-stage burden is a limitation, CHMI offers a controlled system to infer liver-stage dynamics. Thus, P falciparum infection is likely to involve a sex-specific host-pathogen interaction in the liver, emphasising the importance of considering sex as a biological variable in liver-targeting clinical interventions.

FUNDING: The Gates Foundation and the University of Washington.},
}

@article {pmid41544219,
year = {2026},
author = {Patel, K and Vose, JM and Nasta, SD and Brown, JR and Maddocks, KJ and Woyach, JA and Shah, NN and Fakhri, B and Tessoulin, B and Ma, S and Jagadeesh, D and Lech-Maranda, E and Coombs, CC and Patel, MR and Rhodes, JM and Ujjani, CS and Hoffmann, MS and Cheah, CY and Munir, T and Lewis, DJ and Scarfò, L and Eyre, TA and Alencar, AJ and Cohen, JB and Zelenetz, AD and Tsai, DE and Li, M and Bian, Y and Abada, PB and Balbas, M and Zinzani, PLL},
title = {Pirtobrutinib, a Highly Selective, Non-covalent (Reversible) BTKi in R/R Marginal Zone Lymphoma: Phase 1/2 BRUIN Study.},
journal = {Blood advances},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1182/bloodadvances.2025017489},
pmid = {41544219},
issn = {2473-9537},
abstract = {Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) is a group of indolent B-cell malignancies that have a natural history that follows a remitting and relapsing course. For systemic disease, available first-line therapies include anti-CD20 antibody as monotherapy with or in combination with chemotherapy (chemoimmunotherapy), with second-line options such as covalent (c) Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi). However, management of relapsed and refractory (R/R) MZL remains a challenge. Pirtobrutinib, a highly selective, non-covalent BTKi has shown promising efficacy and tolerability in patients with poor-prognosis B-cell malignancies following prior therapy, including cBTKi. Here we report the safety and efficacy of pirtobrutinib in patients with MZL from the phase 1/2 BRUIN study. Endpoints included investigator assessed ORR by Lugano 2014 criteria, DOR, PFS, OS, and safety. Among 36 R/R MZL patients (EMZL: n=6; NMZL: n=17; SMZL: n=13), median age was 68 years (range, 22-83) and median prior lines of therapy were 3 (range, 2-10) including anti-CD-20 antibody (100%), chemotherapy (86%) and cBTKi therapy (72%). The ORR was 55.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 38.1- 72.1) including 3 (8.3%) complete responses and 17 (47.2%) partial responses. Median DOR was 17.8 months (95%CI, 7.4-non-estimable [NE]), and median PFS was 16.6 months (95%CI, 9.0-22.1). With median follow-up of 32.4 months (IQR, 28.0, 41.3), median OS was NE (95%CI, 29.5-NE). The ORR for patients with prior cBTKi therapy was 53.8% (95%CI, 33.4-73.4). Pirtobrutinib was well-tolerated with dose reductions in 4 patients (11.1%) and permanent discontinuation due to TEAEs in 4 (11.1%). Pirtobrutinib showed promising efficacy and safety in patients with heavily pre-treated R/R MZL, including prior cBTKi. NCT03740529.},
}

@article {pmid41544105,
year = {2026},
author = {Mayer-Blackwell, K and Minervina, A and Pogorelyy, M and Rawat, P and Shapiro, MR and Peters, LD and Ford, ES and Posgai, AL and Vegesana, K and Minot, S and Koelle, DM and Greiff, V and Bradley, P and Brusko, TM and Thomas, PG and Fiore-Gartland, A},
title = {TCR2HLA: Calibrated inference of HLA genotypes from TCR repertoires enables identification of immunologically relevant metaclonotypes.},
journal = {PLoS computational biology},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {e1013767},
pmid = {41544105},
issn = {1553-7358},
mesh = {Humans ; Genotype ; *HLA Antigens/genetics/immunology ; Computational Biology/methods ; Alleles ; *Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics ; COVID-19/immunology/genetics ; *Software ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; },
abstract = {T cell receptors (TCRs) recognize peptides presented by polymorphic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules, but HLA genotype data are often missing from TCR repertoire sequencing studies. To address this, we developed TCR2HLA, an open-source tool that infers HLA genotypes from TCRβ repertoires. Expanding on work linking public TRBV-CDR3 sequences to HLA genotypes, we incorporated "quasi-public" metaclonotypes - composed of rarer TCRβ sequences with shared amino acid features - enriched by HLA genotypes. Using four TCRβseq datasets from 3,150 individuals, we applied TRBV gene partitioning and locality-sensitive hashing to identify ~96,000 TCRβ features strongly associated with specific HLA alleles from 71M input TCRs. Binary HLA classifiers built with these features achieved high balanced accuracy (>0.9) across common HLA-A (9/12), B (9/12), C (6/13), DRB1 (11/11) alleles and prevalent DPA1/DPB1 (6/10), DQA1/DQB1 (8/17) heterodimers. We also introduced a high-sensitivity calibration to support predictions in samples with as few as 5,000 unique clonotypes. Calibrated predictions with confidence filtering improved reliability. Beyond genotype imputation, TCR2HLA enables the discovery of novel HLA- and exposure-associated TCRs, as shown by the identification of SARS-CoV-2 related TCRs in a large COVID-19 dataset lacking HLA data. TCR2HLA provides a scalable framework for bridging the gap between TCRseq data and HLA genotype for biomarker discovery.},
}

Humans
Genotype
*HLA Antigens/genetics/immunology
Computational Biology/methods
Alleles
*Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
COVID-19/immunology/genetics
*Software
Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
SARS-CoV-2/immunology

@article {pmid41543884,
year = {2026},
author = {Bryl, KL and Silverwood, S and Desai, K and Schobert, K and Li, X and Chimonas, S and Mao, JJ and Gillespie, EF},
title = {Benefits and Challenges of a Digital Exercise and Mind-Body Program During Active Cancer Treatment: Qualitative Study of Patients' Perceptions.},
journal = {JMIR cancer},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {e80075},
doi = {10.2196/80075},
pmid = {41543884},
issn = {2369-1999},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Neoplasms/therapy/psychology ; Qualitative Research ; Middle Aged ; Male ; *Mind-Body Therapies/methods ; *Quality of Life ; Aged ; *Exercise Therapy/methods ; *Exercise ; Telemedicine ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Individuals undergoing cancer treatment often face a high symptom burden that impairs quality of life. Exercise and mind-body therapies have been shown to reduce symptoms but are underused. We developed a digital exercise and mind-body therapy program that effectively reduces symptoms while overcoming in-person delivery barriers. Understanding patient experiences can inform treatment mechanisms and guide digital health interventions in cancer care.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore patient experiences with Integrative Medicine at Home (IM@Home), a 12-week live digital program delivering exercise and mind-body therapies tailored to the needs of individuals undergoing cancer treatment.

METHODS: This qualitative study was embedded in a randomized clinical basket trial (NCT05053230) evaluating the effects of IM@Home versus enhanced usual care on symptoms and acute health care utilization in adults with solid tumors undergoing active treatment and experiencing moderate or greater fatigue. Using maximum variation sampling, 20 participants were selected for semistructured interviews. Interviews explored participants' experiences with the program, its impact on outcomes, unmet needs, and suggestions for improvement. Transcripts were analyzed using a combined inductive and deductive thematic analysis.

RESULTS: Twenty participants (mean age 63, SD 9.6 years; 18/20, 90% female) were interviewed. Five major themes emerged: (1) IM@Home alleviated symptom burden and supported symptom self-management; (2) IM@Home facilitated social support and information exchange; (3) IM@Home offered a flexible, tailored program in a group setting; (4) IM@Home facilitated accessible, cost-effective support; and (5) recommendations for program enhancement. IM@Home was perceived as an accessible, flexible, and supportive program that promoted physical and emotional well-being during treatment.

CONCLUSIONS: IM@Home demonstrates a promising model for delivering integrative supportive care during cancer treatment. Findings highlight patient-valued features such as real-time guidance, tailored content, and community support. These insights can inform future implementation, integration into clinical care, and efforts to enhance digital mind-body interventions in oncology.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05053230; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05053230.

RR2-10.1038/s41746-024-01387-z.},
}

Humans
Female
*Neoplasms/therapy/psychology
Qualitative Research
Middle Aged
Male
*Mind-Body Therapies/methods
*Quality of Life
Aged
*Exercise Therapy/methods
*Exercise
Telemedicine

@article {pmid41543856,
year = {2026},
author = {Barata, PC and Corrigan, JK and La, J and Culnan, JM and Akama-Garren, E and Dulberger, KN and Dumontier, C and Hansen, J and Bihn, JR and Bitting, RL and Brophy, MT and Cheng, HH and Cooperberg, MR and Do, NV and Dorff, T and Fojo, AT and Gaziano, JM and Goryachev, SD and Halabi, S and Hauger, RL and Nanus, DM and Rebbeck, TR and Pan, CX and Schoen, MW and Swinnerton, KN and Myrie, K and Ramoni, RB and Fillmore, NR and Paller, CJ and Rettig, MB},
title = {Docetaxel Rechallenge vs Cabazitaxel in Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.},
journal = {JAMA network open},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {e2551231},
pmid = {41543856},
issn = {2574-3805},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *Docetaxel/therapeutic use/administration & dosage ; *Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/drug therapy/mortality/pathology ; Aged ; *Taxoids/therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; *Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; },
abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Docetaxel has been a standard treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) since 2004. Cabazitaxel, a related taxane, was approved in 2010 for patients with mCRPC who had been previously treated with docetaxel. The comparative effectiveness of docetaxel rechallenge vs switching to cabazitaxel after prior docetaxel for mCRPC remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical outcomes associated with docetaxel rechallenge vs cabazitaxel in patients with mCRPC who did not experience disease progression during prior administration of docetaxel in the mCRPC setting.

This retrospective cohort study was conducted in the nationwide Veterans Affairs health care system, using inverse probability of treatment weighting to control for potential confounders. Patients who were diagnosed with chemonaive mCRPC between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2023, received initial docetaxel treatment, and did not experience disease progression were eligible to participate.

EXPOSURES: Treatment with docetaxel rechallenge or cabazitaxel.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was overall survival (OS) from the initiation of the second course of taxane, which was compared in patients treated with docetaxel rechallenge vs cabazitaxel using weighted Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression models. Secondary outcomes included prostate-specific antigen response, time to next systemic treatment or death, and subsequent treatments received.

RESULTS: A total of 669 patients (407 receiving cabazitaxel and 262 receiving docetaxel rechallenge) with a median age of 72 (IQR, 67-77) years were included. Patients treated with docetaxel rechallenge had a significantly longer OS (median, 12.3 [IQR, 10.5-13.8] months) compared with those treated with cabazitaxel (median, 9.6 [IQR, 8.6-11.1] months), with a hazard ratio of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.55-0.99; P = .04). Descriptive analysis of secondary outcomes was consistent with this finding, including prostate-specific antigen response (weighted 9.8% achieving reduction of 90% or more in the docetaxel rechallenge group vs 3.0% in the cabazitaxel group) and time to next treatment or death (median, 10.7 [IQR, 7.8-12.7] months in the docetaxel rechallenge group vs 8.9 [IQR, 7.1-10.5 months] in the cabazitaxel group). Use of platinum, immunotherapy, or poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors was similar between patients treated with cabazitaxel and docetaxel rechallenge.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cohort study of patients with mCRPC, docetaxel rechallenge was associated with improved OS compared with cabazitaxel among patients who did not experience disease progression during prior docetaxel for mCRPC. These findings support docetaxel rechallenge as a treatment option for patients in this scenario.},
}

Humans
Male
*Docetaxel/therapeutic use/administration & dosage
*Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/drug therapy/mortality/pathology
Aged
*Taxoids/therapeutic use
Retrospective Studies
*Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
Middle Aged
Treatment Outcome
Neoplasm Metastasis

@article {pmid41543300,
year = {2026},
author = {Ko, YJ and Castor, J and Kuralt, TD and Goecker, EA and Pepper, G and Reed, JC and Greninger, AL},
title = {Analytical Performance Comparison of Three Quantitative Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Assays.},
journal = {Clinical chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/clinchem/hvaf191},
pmid = {41543300},
issn = {1530-8561},
support = {//Department of Laboratory Medicine/ ; //University of Washington/ ; F208422001//Chosun University/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen (qHBsAg) assays are important tools for monitoring hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and treatment response and constitute the primary endpoint in most HBV antiviral trials. To date, no qHBsAg assay has been authorized by the FDA for use in the United States, highlighting the need for performance evaluation and harmonization of available methods.

METHODS: We evaluated the analytical performance of three commercial assays for qHBsAg measurement: Architect HBsAg Qualitative (Abbott) adapted for quantitative use, Elecsys HBsAg II quant II (Roche), and LIAISON XL Murex HBsAg Quant (DiaSorin). Performance characteristics including precision, accuracy, analytical sensitivity, linearity, and lot-to-lot variability were assessed using World Health Organization (WHO) International Standards 12/226 and 03/262, following CLSI guidelines. Clinical accuracy was also evaluated using 72 HBsAg-positive clinical specimens.

RESULTS: The lower limit of quantification was 0.02 IU/mL for Architect, 0.07 IU/mL for Elecsys, and 1.02 IU/mL for LIAISON. The LIAISON exhibited limited linearity and significantly greater variability in samples with high HBsAg levels, as well as significant lot-to-lot variability. Ultimately, all three assays demonstrated acceptable precision and accuracy, though the LIAISON had to be recalibrated specifically with WHO International Standard 03/262.

CONCLUSIONS: The Architect and Elecsys qHBsAg assays demonstrated sufficient analytical performance for clinical use, while the LIAISON was limited by its linearity, lower limit of quantification, and lot-to-lot variability. Standardization is essential to ensure consistent and accurate quantification of HBsAg for effective clinical monitoring and the establishment of treatment goals.},
}

@article {pmid41541249,
year = {2026},
author = {Pan, X and Pan, Y and Su, Y and Xu, Y and Du, J and Cheng, H and Li, G},
title = {Chronic TCR signaling-driven suppression of the FOXO1-KLHL6 axis promotes T cell exhaustion.},
journal = {Immunity & inflammation},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {8},
pmid = {41541249},
issn = {3059-4774},
}