@article {pmid42239110,
year = {2026},
author = {Sokolov, D and Zheng, E and Danquah, S and Hart, ML and Sullivan, LB},
title = {Adaptive plasticity of aspartate metabolism in succinate dehydrogenase-deficient cancer cells.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42239110},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) supports cancer cell proliferation by enabling oxidative biosynthesis of the amino acid aspartate, yet SDH loss can also drive tumorigenesis. To cope with SDH loss, cancer cells can engage alternative aspartate synthesis pathways; however, the variables dictating pathway usage and adaptive mechanisms involved are incompletely understood. Here, we systematically profile the adaptation of SDH-knockout cancer cells and find that cells can adapt to SDH loss via at least two distinct mechanisms: suppression of respiratory complex I or upregulation of pyruvate carboxylase. Each route gives rise to distinct metabolic states with both shared and unique dependencies, but either route allows cells to overcome aspartate limitation, improve proliferative fitness, and mitigate pyrimidine-dependent replication stress. Overall, this work provides a comprehensive view of adaptive aspartate synthesis in SDH-deficient cancer cells, highlights a remarkable redox-constrained metabolic plasticity, and nominates potential metabolic vulnerabilities likely to be shared among SDH-deficient cancer cells.},
}

@article {pmid42239177,
year = {2026},
author = {Finkbeiner, C and Otto, D and Setty, M},
title = {Echo characterizes the desynchronization of gene expression and chromatin accessibility during cell-state transitions.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42239177},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Cell-state transitions during differentiation and disease involve coordinated changes across gene expression and chromatin accessibility, but these modalities do not change in lockstep. For example, regulatory elements can be primed before their target genes are expressed or remain accessible after expression ceases. This desynchronization between changes in gene expression and chromatin accessibility can manifest at the level of cell states. Understanding the drivers of this desynchronization can give insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying cell-state progression. Here we introduce Echo, a statistical framework that identifies desynchronized cell states and the associated genes and regulatory elements from paired single-cell RNA and ATAC data. Echo States estimates cell-state density independently for each modality and compares them to determine which states are better resolved in RNA or ATAC. Echo Features then predicts feature values over each state space to identify the genes, regulatory loci, and transcription-factor motifs driving this desynchronization. Applying Echo to the developing human fetal retina, we find that desynchronization is pervasive across every major cell population. Expression of cell-cycle genes resolves multipotent progenitors in gene expression but not chromatin accessibility, while fate priming resolves cycling neurogenic precursors in chromatin accessibility before gene expression. By combining desynchronized states and features along the cone trajectory, we reconstructed the regulatory logic of cone fate specification from multipotent progenitors, revealing a tight coupling between multipotency exit, cell cycle and lineage specification. Applying Echo to human hematopoiesis, we identified that the balance between stem-cell quiescence and differentiation is resolved more strongly in chromatin accessibility than in gene expression. Our results establish desynchronization as a pervasive, structured feature of differentiating systems, and Echo as a framework for characterizing the interplay between gene expression and chromatin accessibility during cell-state transitions.},
}

@article {pmid42320550,
year = {2026},
author = {Halm, EA and Nair, R and Skinner, CS and Hu, E and Lykken, JM and Green, B and Jensen, CD and Levin, TR and Schottinger, J and Ghai, NR and Corley, DA and Chubak, J},
title = {Longitudinal adherence with stool-based testing for colorectal cancer screening in four US health systems.},
journal = {Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.019},
pmid = {42320550},
issn = {1542-7714},
abstract = {BACKGROUND & AIMS: Longitudinal adherence with annual stool-based screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) is guideline-recommended. This paper assessed patterns and predictors of repeat stool-based screening over time and associated outcomes.

METHODS: This retrospective cohort study followed adults 50-65 years in four health systems eligible for repeat screening following a negative index FIT or gFOBT in 2010-2011 for up to ten years. Repeat stool-based testing patterns were categorized as: consistent (≥75% of rounds completed, inconsistent (<75%), and never repeaters. Multivariable predictors of consistent testing were analyzed, as well as associations between screening consistency and cancer stage at diagnosis.

RESULTS: Among 492,812 individuals, 54% were consistent repeaters, 30% inconsistent repeaters, and 16% never repeaters. The proportion of never repeaters declined with more follow-up time, while inconsistent repeating increased. Consistent repeating remained fairly constant. Health system was the strongest predictor of consistent screening with wide variation by site. Consistent repeating was also associated with: older age, male sex, being Non-Hispanic White, lower comorbidity, BMI<25, public insurance, prior stool-based testing, and a PCP visit in the past year. Advanced stage CRC was more frequent among never repeaters (19% vs. 12% for inconsistent and 12% consistent repeaters). Early-stage cancer was more common among consistent repeaters (56% vs. 49% inconsistent and 44% never repeaters).

CONCLUSIONS: Among patients initially screened with an annual stool-based test, about half (54%) consistently repeated it, and 16% never repeated during available follow-up. The health system where the patient was cared for was most strongly associated with consistent stool-based testing, and higher adherence was associated with earlier cancer stage at diagnosis.},
}

@article {pmid42320717,
year = {2026},
author = {Sadowska-Klasa, A and Xie, H and Holmberg, LA and Waghmare, A and Leisenring, WM and Boeckh, MJ},
title = {Cytomegalovirus After Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Impact on Outcome and A Personalized Risk-adapted Prevention Strategy.},
journal = {Transplantation and cellular therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtct.2026.06.009},
pmid = {42320717},
issn = {2666-6367},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (auto-HCT) is standard consolidation therapy, but the incidence and impact of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection post-auto-HCT remain poorly defined. Current guidelines do not recommend CMV surveillance for unmodified grafts due to insufficient evidence.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of CMV reactivation and disease in a routinely monitored CMV-seropositive population, identify associated risk factors, assess the impact on mortality and develop a rational algorithm for CMV surveillance in non-CD34[+] selected auto-HCT recipients.

STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively analyzed 1,000 CMV-seropositive auto-HCT recipients (2011-2021) prospectively monitored for CMV reactivation; 846 CMV-seronegative recipients served as comparators for survival. Preemptive antiviral therapy was initiated at standardized viral load thresholds using a risk-adapted approach. Univariable and multivariable time to event analyses were used to assess predictors of CMV endpoints and transplant outcomes, and to develop a risk-prediction model.

RESULTS: By day +100, CMV viremia, clinically significant CMV (requiring antiviral therapy), high-risk CMV infection (≥500 IU/mL/ ≥7 Ag or CMV disease), and disease developed in 29%, 13.7%, 4.4%, and 1%, respectively. CMV serostatus did not affect non-relapse mortality or overall survival. High-risk CMV infection or disease was associated with pre-HCT CMV viremia, prior HIV exposure, and receipt of anti-thymocyte globulin in patients with non-malignant disorders. Among patients with lymphoma and myeloma, pre-HCT creatinine (>1.5 mg/dL), hypoalbuminemia (<3.4 g/dL), and lymphoma diagnosis were significant risk factors for high-risk infection, yielding a 9.4% high-risk CMV incidence among patients with >2 risk factors versus 1.4% patients with zero risk factors. Post-transplant use of corticosteroids independently increased the risk of CMV reactivation. High-risk CMV infection was associated with non-relapse mortality in multivariable models.

CONCLUSIONS: A subgroup of CMV-seropositive autograft recipients continue to be at risk for CMV complications. The proposed risk-adapted surveillance provides a rational strategy to target PCR surveillance while minimizing the risk of severe CMV complications.},
}

@article {pmid42323086,
year = {2026},
author = {Kerbauy, MN and Arcuri, LJ and Colturato, VAR and Souza, MP and Colturato, I and Scheinberg, P and Barros, GMN and Macedo, MCMA and Funke, VAM and Ribeiro, AAF and Lerner, D and Zecchin, VG and Colella, MP and Oltramari, MRP and Zogbi, YAN and Daudt, LE and Soares, R and Duarte, FB and Seber, A and Filho, JS and Dias, DF and Moreira, MCR and Vigorito, AC and de Macedo, AV and Simione, A and Velloso, MCB and Bonfim, CMS and Patel, J and Pasquini, M and Rocha, V and Flowers, ME and Hamerschlak, N},
title = {Haploidentical versus HLA-Matched Unrelated Donors for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Acute Leukemia: A Multicenter Observational Study in a Developing Country Facilitated by Collaboration between the CIBMTR and the Brazilian Society of Cellular Therapy and Bone Marrow Transplantation (SBTMO).},
journal = {Transplantation and cellular therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtct.2026.06.033},
pmid = {42323086},
issn = {2666-6367},
}

@article {pmid42323284,
year = {2026},
author = {Bouzek, HK and Zepeda-Rivera, MA and Srinivasan, S and Lee, EM and Strenk, SM and Jones, DS and McMahon, EF and Fiedler, TL and Kostovski, M and France, MT and Ravel, J and Fredricks, DN and Johnston, CD},
title = {A syntenic pangenome of Gardnerella reveals novel plasmids and phage, taxonomic boundaries, and species-level stratification of metabolic and virulence potential.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-026-74458-2},
pmid = {42323284},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {DE027850//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)/ ; Startup Funds//Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (Hutchinson Center)/ ; },
abstract = {Gardnerella species are key drivers of bacterial vaginosis (BV), a prevalent condition affecting nearly one in three women of reproductive age and associated with adverse reproductive outcomes. Despite decades of study, progress in defining Gardnerella diversity has been hindered by inconsistent taxonomy and poor-quality genomic resources. Here we sequenced 392 Gardnerella isolates spanning asymptomatic and BV-associated microbiota and integrated this collection with all publicly available genomes to create a curated, high-quality reference set of 312 genomes. We resolved 21 genomic lineages encompassing 11 species and 15 subspecies using phylogenomics, average nucleotide identity (ANI), digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and assigned each a provisional taxonomic name. Long-read assemblies enabled construction of a syntenic Gardnerella pangenome, revealing lineage-specific repertoires of virulence, metabolic, and defense, including variable sialidases (NanH), vaginolysin, and amino-acid biosynthetic pathways alongside conserved genomic organization. Comparative methylome profiling uncovered restriction-modification system diversity suggesting barriers to genetic exchange. Finally, we identified native cryptic plasmids in Gardnerella, overturning the assumption that the genus lacks plasmids. Together, these results establish a complete genomic and functional framework for Gardnerella, providing a reproducible foundation for mechanistic and translational studies of BV and a model for resolving taxonomy and functional stratification in other urogenital-associated bacteria.},
}

@article {pmid42325809,
year = {2026},
author = {Nair, N and Brenner, S and Rivera, A and Norquist, B and Rimel, BJ},
title = {Vaginal dilator therapy for pelvic cancer patients: a review.},
journal = {Gynecologic oncology reports},
volume = {66},
number = {},
pages = {102140},
pmid = {42325809},
issn = {2352-5789},
abstract = {Vulvovaginal atrophy affects up to 84% of postmenopausal women and is even more prevalent among cancer survivors. Hypoestrogenism leads to thinning of vaginal epithelium, decreased elasticity, reduced lubrication, and increased tissue fragility, resulting in symptoms such as vaginal dryness, irritation, dyspareunia, and pain with pelvic examination. Cancer treatments-including chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, pelvic radiation, and gynecologic surgery-can induce abrupt estrogen deficiency and accelerate vulvovaginal atrophy beyond what seen in natural menopause. Pelvic radiation in particular is associated with long-term vaginal toxicity, including fibrosis, shortening, and stenosis, which may impair sexual function and limit adequate pelvic examination. Rates of clinically significant vaginal stenosis after chemoradiation for cervical cancer may exceed 30% without preventive intervention. Vaginal dilator therapy is a commonly recommended non-hormonal strategy intended to mechanically stretch vaginal tissues, prevent adhesions, and maintain vaginal patency following cancer treatment. Dilators are cylindrical devices available in multiple sizes and materials, with gradual progression in size recommended to improve vaginal elasticity and tolerance. Lubricants-preferably water-based and physiologically compatible in pH and osmolality-are essential to reduce friction and improve comfort during use. Prospective evidence, although limited, suggests vaginal dilator therapy may reduce the severity of vaginal stenosis. Randomized and observational studies demonstrate decreased stenosis progression, improved dilator tolerance, and better sexual function when therapy is initiated early and used consistently. However, adherence remains a major barrier, with many patients unable to maintain recommended frequency of use. Improved patient education, early access to dilators, and supportive follow-up may enhance adherence and therapeutic benefit.},
}

@article {pmid42329347,
year = {2026},
author = {Harris, WP and García-Alfonso, P and Metges, JP and Cubillo-Gracian, A and Zaanan, A and Carlos, LL and Ronzoni, M and Ponz-Sarvise, M and Baakili, A and Kefsi, A and Andrieu, L and Agrawal, M and Wang, W and Paehler, T and Abbadessa, G and Van Cutsem, E},
title = {Evaluating pegenzileukin (SAR444245/THOR-707) in combination with pembrolizumab or cetuximab in advanced metastatic gastrointestinal cancer: the PEGATHOR phase 2 study.},
journal = {Investigational new drugs},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42329347},
issn = {1573-0646},
abstract = {Pegenzileukin (SAR444245) is a pegylated recombinant human IL-2 variant designed to expand effector T cells and NK cells without stimulating regulatory T cells. This study evaluated pegenzileukin with pembrolizumab or cetuximab for treating advanced gastrointestinal cancers. A total of 138 patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC), colorectal carcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were enrolled across seven cohorts in this phase 2 study. Patients received pegenzileukin (24 µg/kg every 3 weeks [Q3W]) with pembrolizumab (200 mg Q3W) or cetuximab (initially 400 mg/m[2] and then 250 mg/m[2] weekly). The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR). The secondary endpoints were time to response, response duration, clinical benefit rate, progression-free survival (PFS), and safety. Exploratory biomarker analyses assessed immune cell expansion and cytokine levels. The ORR varied across the cohorts, with the highest in ESCC cohort (1/5; 20.0%) and the lowest in GC Cohort 2 and the HCC cohort (1/19; 5.3% and 1/20; 5.0%, respectively). The median PFS was consistent across the cohorts (1.9-2.1 months). The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were asthenia (Pegenzileukin + pembrolizumab) and infusion-related reactions (Pegenzileukin + cetuximab). The biomarker analyses demonstrated robust expansion of CD8[+] T cells, CD8[+] Ki67[+] T cells, NK cells, and NK Ki67[+] cells without significant modulation of regulatory T cells. Pegenzileukin with pembrolizumab or cetuximab demonstrated limited efficacy, with a manageable safety profile in advanced GI cancers. The biomarker data supported the mechanism of action involving the upregulation of CD8[+] T cells and NK cells. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05104567.},
}

@article {pmid42329588,
year = {2026},
author = {Ermann, DA and Stephens, DM and Wang, X and Varghese, I and De Souza, H and Sheetz, C and Fu, Q and Maglinte, GA and Williams, R and Seymour, EK and van Beuge, D and Shadman, M and Jacobs, R},
title = {Real-World Outcomes Among Medicare Beneficiaries Treated with Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Treatment-Naïve CLL.},
journal = {Oncology and therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42329588},
issn = {2366-1089},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: There is a dearth of head-to-head studies comparing covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase (cBTK) inhibitors in adults with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Real-world evidence may complement clinical trial data by assessing relative effectiveness in routine practice. This retrospective observational study used a de-identified Medicare Fee-For-Service database to compare real-world outcomes associated with first-line cBTKi monotherapies in older adults with CLL.

METHODS: Patients aged ≥ 65 years with CLL initiating first-line ibrutinib, acalabrutinib, or zanubrutinib monotherapy between January 1, 2020 and September 30, 2025 were included. Real-world time to treatment discontinuation (rwTTD), time to next treatment (rwTTNT), and overall survival (rwOS) were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analyses and Cox proportional hazards models. Subgroup analyses were performed by age group.

RESULTS: Among 10,523 patients included, 3006 (28.6%) received zanubrutinib (median follow-up 15.8 months), 4309 (40.9%) received acalabrutinib (20.7 months), and 3208 (30.5%) received ibrutinib (34.9 months). Median rwTTD was not reached (NR) for zanubrutinib, compared with 24 months for acalabrutinib and 14 months for ibrutinib. Median rwTTNT was NR for zanubrutinib, 40 months for acalabrutinib, and 20 months for ibrutinib. After adjustments for age, sex, race, CCI, and year of index, zanubrutinib had significantly longer rwTTD (hazard ratio [HR] 0.57 [95% CI 0.51-0.61]), rwTTNT (HR 0.63 [0.55-0.71]), and rwOS (HR 0.64 [0.54-0.77]) compared to ibrutinib. Zanubrutinib also had significantly improved rwTTD (HR 0.86 [0.78-0.94]), rwTTNT (HR 0.87 [0.78-0.96]), and rwOS (HR 0.77 [0.66-0.88]) compared to acalabrutinib. Similar patterns were observed when stratified by age group over 65.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that zanubrutinib is associated with improved real-world outcomes compared with other cBTK inhibitors.},
}

@article {pmid42329767,
year = {2026},
author = {Kirtley, P and Martinson, T and Donnellan, FR and Aleshnick, M and Nielsen, K and Mayer, BT and Borate, B and Huang, TJ and Pipini, D and Rigby, CA and Quinkert, D and Silk, SE and Minassian, AM and McHugh, K and Draper, SJ and Wilder, BK},
title = {Addition of blood-stage antibody enhances anti-sporozoite antibody protection in a humanized mouse model of Plasmodium falciparum infection.},
journal = {Cell reports},
volume = {45},
number = {7},
pages = {117573},
doi = {10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117573},
pmid = {42329767},
issn = {2211-1247},
abstract = {Malaria continues to exact a high disease burden worldwide, and improved vaccines and therapeutics are desperately needed. Both licensed vaccines target only the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) expressed during early stages of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Vaccines targeting the subsequent blood stage, in particular those based on RH5, are also showing clinical promise. Concrete data demonstrating the utility of a combination of antigens are lacking. Using a humanized liver mouse model, we show that anti-CSP monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) lose protection below ∼30 μg/mL serum concentration and plateau above ∼60 μg/mL. Yet breakthrough infections have multiple logs fewer parasites emerging from the liver. The addition of an anti-RH5 blood stage mAb to a partially protective anti-CSP mAb yields additional benefits by controlling the ensuing blood stage parasitemia to a transient and extremely low-level infection. These results provide the proof-of-concept evidence that multi-stage antibodies may be more protective compared to a single stage approach.},
}

@article {pmid42330371,
year = {2026},
author = {Dutta, A and Banerjee, R},
title = {Machine Learning for Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance Screening: Who, How, and Why?.},
journal = {JCO clinical cancer informatics},
volume = {10},
number = {2},
pages = {e2600109},
doi = {10.1200/CCI-26-00109},
pmid = {42330371},
issn = {2473-4276},
}

@article {pmid42330502,
year = {2026},
author = {Palsdottir, T and Micoli, C and Eklund, M and Grönberg, H and Jäderling, F and Tilki, D and Lin, DW and Cooperberg, MR and Eggener, SE and Oeffinger, KC and Nordström, T and Vigneswaran, HT},
title = {Stockholm3-Magnetic Resonance Imaging Population-Based Prostate Cancer Screening Study: Two-Year Follow-up.},
journal = {Annals of internal medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.7326/ANNALS-25-04753},
pmid = {42330502},
issn = {1539-3704},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing to screen for prostate cancer is controversial. An alternative approach, Stockholm3, combines PSA, plasma protein biomarkers, polygenic risk, and clinical factors into a multivariable risk score.

OBJECTIVE: To compare detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPC) using PSA and Stockholm3 in a population-based screening with short-term follow-up.

DESIGN: Secondary analysis of the baseline round of the prospective STHLM3-MRI (Prostate Cancer Screening Using a Combination of Risk-Prediction, MRI, and Targeted Prostate Biopsies) randomized screening trial in men aged 50 to 74 years who had PSA and Stockholm3 screening. Men with abnormal screening tests (PSA ≥3 ng/mL or Stockholm3 ≥11) were randomly assigned (2:3) to systematic biopsy or magnetic resonance imaging with systematic and targeted biopsies for lesions with a Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score of 3 or greater. Cancer diagnosed within 2 years was identified through linkage to the Swedish National Cancer Register; cancer after a negative baseline test was classified as false negative. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03377881).

SETTING: Stockholm region, Sweden, 2018 to 2020.

PARTICIPANTS: Men aged 50 to 74 years who had PSA and Stockholm3 screening.

INTERVENTION: Prostate-specific antigen and Stockholm3 tests at baseline.

MEASUREMENTS: Clinically significant prostate cancer (grade group ≥2) within 2 years of baseline.

RESULTS: Among 12 670 men, 443 (3.5%) were diagnosed with csPC. Decision curve analysis showed higher net benefit for Stockholm3 versus PSA across a range of decision thresholds for biopsy, indicating fewer unnecessary biopsies and fewer missed csPC cases. Stockholm3 (≥11) had a false-negative rate of 10% (43 of 443) and a false-positive rate of 11% (1289 of 12 227), whereas PSA (≥3 ng/mL) had a false-negative rate of 26% (116 of 443) and a false-positive rate of 10% (1203 of 12 227). Correspondingly, sensitivity was 90% (95% CI, 87% to 93%) for Stockholm3 and 74% (CI, 69% to 78%) for PSA, with similar specificity (89% vs. 90%).

LIMITATIONS: Participation was approximately 25% of invited men; follow-up was limited to 2 years; and the cohort was predominantly Swedish or European, which may limit generalizability.

CONCLUSION: In this screening cohort with short-term follow-up, Stockholm3 provided greater clinical net benefit than PSA for detecting csPC, driven by fewer false-negative results, although follow-up was limited to 2 years.

PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Swedish Research Council, Swedish Prostate Cancer Society, Stockholm Region, and the Swedish Cancer Society.},
}

@article {pmid42318759,
year = {2026},
author = {Iyaniwura, SA and Qiu, M and Peng, Z},
title = {Mean first passage time of chiral active Brownian particles.},
journal = {Soft matter},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1039/d6sm00448b},
pmid = {42318759},
issn = {1744-6848},
abstract = {Chiral active Brownian particles (CABPs) are self-propelled agents with intrinsic rotational dynamics, giving rise to circular trajectories commonly observed in biological and synthetic microswimmers. Understanding how CABPs explore confined environments and locate targets is crucial for characterizing transport, search efficiency, and reaction processes in physical and biological systems. We study the escape dynamics of CABPs from one- and two-dimensional confined domains. In one dimension, we consider intervals with either two absorbing boundaries or a reflecting boundary on one side and an absorbing boundary on the other, and derive closed-form asymptotic solutions in the high-chirality regime, revealing the quantitative scaling of the mean first passage time (MFPT) as a function of particle rotation speed (chirality). In two dimensions, we analyze escape from a disk containing one absorbing arc or two symmetric absorbing arcs. By numerically solving the governing partial differential equations, we compute the MFPT for CABPs to escape the domains as a function of the particle's initial orientation, self-propulsion speed, angular velocity, and domain geometry. Our results show that, depending on the parameters and geometry, the MFPT can exhibit non-monotonic behavior as a function of chirality. A minimal escape time exists at an intermediate value of chirality, where the rotational time scale balances the active swimming time scale, redirecting a particle towards the exit which would otherwise be blocked due to unfavorable initial orientation. Our work offers a comprehensive characterization of CABP escape dynamics in canonical confinements and identifies chirality as a key control parameter for transport and search in confined physical and biological systems.},
}

@article {pmid42319029,
year = {2026},
author = {Murphy, NR and Omernik, B and Snidarich, M and Heffner, JL and Brooks, E and Crothers, K and Brown, MC and Triplette, M},
title = {A mixed-methods evaluation of a patient navigation intervention to support lung cancer prevention in LGBTQ+ adults.},
journal = {Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ntr/ntag136},
pmid = {42319029},
issn = {1469-994X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ+) community represents a high-risk group for lung cancer given higher smoking rates. We evaluated implementation of a pilot patient navigation intervention for smoking cessation services combined with lung cancer screening (LCS) care for eligible LGBTQ+ adults.

METHODS: We completed a concurrent mixed-methods evaluation of the intervention to enhance adaptation and future scale. Forty-one LGBTQ+-identifying individuals who were eligible for LCS and currently smoking were enrolled, completed baseline surveys, and underwent the intervention for a 90-day period. Thirty-four participants completed post-intervention surveys and 15 were invited for semi-structured interviews. We conducted a thematic analysis of qualitative data, integrated with quantitative and qualitative survey data through joint displays, guided by the Health Equity Implementation Framework.

RESULTS: We identified fourteen themes in three topical domains. Key themes related to Intervention Success included: flexible communication; iterative contact through a longitudinal relationship; improved confidence and comfort; multimodal and tailored elements. Themes related specifically to LGBTQ+ Care included: LGBTQ+-specific social challenges; the impact of historic discrimination; emphasis on non-judgmental care; and varied responses to LGBTQ+-specific tailoring. Themes related to Future Adaptations included: more education and information on the LGBTQ+-tailored approach; synergy with trusted primary care clinicians; upfront information on financial risks; community connection and peer support; and variable need for more intense support.

CONCLUSIONS: LGBTQ+-tailored patient navigation is an acceptable and well-suited intervention to facilitate and integrate LCS care and smoking cessation. Further adaptation should include more education and incorporate components of community support.},
}

@article {pmid42314036,
year = {2026},
author = {Petty, NE and Wolf, CB and Kanestrom, G and Mendoza, M and Swing, K and Murnane, RD and Tong, A and Starrs, M and Fields, E and Madhu, R and Nelson, V and Bennett, FC and Furlan, SN and Loeb, KR and Radtke, S and Kiem, HP},
title = {Characterization of hematopoietic stem cell-derived microglia-like cells in nonhuman primates.},
journal = {Blood advances},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1182/bloodadvances.2025019337},
pmid = {42314036},
issn = {2473-9537},
abstract = {Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the current standard of care for a number of neurotrophic lysosomal storage disorders. The therapeutic mechanism of HSCT is believed to be mediated by engraftment of HSC progeny to the brain as microglia-like cells (MLCs). However, the engraftment of MLCs and their transcriptomic identity relative to endogenous microglia is poorly understood. Here, we utilize the autologous nonhuman primate (NHP) HSCT model to investigate the engraftment of MLCs after gene-modified autologous HSCT. We observed engraftment of gene-marked MLCs across a cohort of five NHPs. MLCs engrafted through diverse brain regions; adopted a homeostatic, ramified morphology, and upregulated core microglial transcripts. We then utilized single cell RNA sequencing to more rigorously evaluate the transcriptome of MLCs, revealing a border-associated macrophage-like phenotype. Our findings offer critical insights into the engraftment and behavior of MLCs post-HSCT, laying the groundwork for their future utilization as a directed therapeutic.},
}

@article {pmid42314092,
year = {2026},
author = {Lovly, CM and Baik, C and Nagasaka, M and Patil, T and Maruti, SS and Stanhope, S and Kaya, NA and Herbertz, S and Nordstrom, B and Evans, K and Le, X},
title = {Real-World Patient Characteristics, Mutational Landscape, and Outcomes in Advanced/Metastatic HER2-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.},
journal = {JCO precision oncology},
volume = {10},
number = {6},
pages = {e2501272},
doi = {10.1200/PO-25-01272},
pmid = {42314092},
issn = {2473-4284},
mesh = {Humans ; *Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics/pathology/drug therapy/mortality/therapy ; Female ; *Lung Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/mortality/drug therapy ; *Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases/genetics ; *Mutation ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Aged, 80 and over ; Adult ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: This observational study assessed the real-world characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of US patients with HER2-mutant advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) overall and according to HER2 mutation type (tyrosine kinase domain [TKD] and non-TKD).

METHODS: Deidentified data were extracted for patients with advanced/metastatic NSCLC from the Flatiron Health-Foundation Medicine NSCLC Clinico-Genomic Database. Patients with oncogenic HER2 mutations were included. The primary objectives were to assess the prevalence of HER2 mutations and coaberrations, treatment patterns, and real-world overall survival (OS).

RESULTS: Overall, 559/14,768 (3.8%) patients had HER2 mutations; 262 (1.8%) were oncogenic. Patients with oncogenic TKD mutations (n = 197) were more frequently younger, female, and never-smokers than those with oncogenic non-TKD mutations (n = 65) and had fewer oncogenic coaberrations. Among patients with oncogenic HER2 mutations who underwent first-line treatment (n = 193), most received platinum-based chemoimmunotherapy (30.5%) or chemotherapy alone (27.9%); 119 patients (61.7%) received second-line treatment. Median OS after first and second lines of treatment was 13.5 months (95% CI, 11.6 to 16.9) and 11.1 months (95% CI, 9.2 to 13.6), respectively. Median OS with first-line platinum-based chemoimmunotherapy was 21.1 (95% CI, 12.2 to NA) and 11.7 months (95% CI, 8.3 to NA) in patients with TKD/non-TKD mutations, respectively, and median OS with platinum-based chemotherapy alone was 9.1 (95% CI, 5.7 to 16.0) and 17.3 (95% CI, 13.6 to NA) months, respectively.

CONCLUSION: NSCLC patients with oncogenic TKD HER2 mutations had different characteristics and genetic features than patients with non-TKD mutations. Real-world outcomes with first- and second-line standard-of-care treatment were suboptimal, highlighting the need for new treatment options for patients with advanced HER2-mutant NSCLC.},
}

Humans
*Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics/pathology/drug therapy/mortality/therapy
Female
*Lung Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/mortality/drug therapy
*Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
*Mutation
Aged
Middle Aged
Male
Aged, 80 and over
Adult
Treatment Outcome

@article {pmid42315079,
year = {2026},
author = {Beekman, C and Morita, S and Neibart, S and Duda, DG and Paganetti, H and Grassberger, C and Shih, HA},
title = {No evidence for depletion of circulating lymphocyte populations in primary brain tumor patients receiving radiotherapy alone.},
journal = {International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijrobp.2026.05.051},
pmid = {42315079},
issn = {1879-355X},
abstract = {PURPOSE: To investigate the impact of radiotherapy (RT) for brain tumors on circulating lymphocyte populations and understand this from a dosimetric perspective.

METHODS: This prospective study enrolled primary brain tumor patients treated with either photon or proton RT. To specifically study the effect of RT, only patients without concurrent chemotherapy were eligible. For each patient, blood samples were collected before, during and after RT, as well as at the first follow-up, for flow cytometry analysis of blood cells. We used a stochastic model to compute blood dose distributions from treatment plans and patient-specific blood flow simulations. Dose to the lymph nodes in the head and neck region was also assessed. Dose distributions and lymphocyte trends from patients treated with photon versus proton therapy were compared.

RESULTS: Thirty-five patients with a median age of 50 were included: 27 patients with benign tumors (mostly meningiomas) and 8 with malignant tumors (mostly gliomas). There were no significant RT-induced changes in either the total lymphocyte count or its subpopulations in this patient cohort. In line with this finding, dosimetric analyses showed that total blood doses were ∼0.1-0.2 Gy and that most lymph nodes in the head-and-neck area are spared. Proton RT was associated to a greater dosimetric sparing of both blood and lymph nodes.

CONCLUSION: In this exploratory analysis, we found no evidence that RT alone results in significant changes in peripheral lymphocyte counts in primary brain tumor patients treated to limited intracranial volumes. The lack of apparent RT-induced cytotoxicity is consistent with the limited dose received by either the blood or the regional lymph nodes.},
}

@article {pmid42315502,
year = {2026},
author = {Sharp, J and Bhatta, S and Huang, JJ and Thomas, CJ and Elghawy, O and Fitzgerald, L and Reef, D and Teferra, A and Voorhees, TJ and Gupta, S and Grover, NS and Barta, SK and Shadman, M and Epperla, N},
title = {Real-world outcomes of bispecific antibody therapy after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in follicular lymphoma.},
journal = {Blood cancer journal},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42315502},
issn = {2044-5385},
support = {T32CA247815//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; },
}

@article {pmid42317600,
year = {2026},
author = {Iovino, L and Ma, N and Kharfan-Dabaja, MA and Herrera, AF and Sauter, CS and Hamadani, M and Riedell, PA and Gopal, AK and Holmberg, L and Wu, QV and Smith, SM and Shadman, M},
title = {Autologous transplant for patients with chemotherapy-sensitive late relapse of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.},
journal = {Blood neoplasia},
volume = {3},
number = {3},
pages = {100240},
pmid = {42317600},
issn = {2950-3280},
abstract = {In the era of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is preferentially offered to patients with late relapse (>12 months) who achieve complete or partial response (CR or PR, respectively) to salvage therapy. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using publicly available data from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research in this population. We included adult patients with DLBCL, not otherwise specified, and high-grade large B-cell lymphomas who experienced disease relapsed after remaining on a response to first line of treatment for at least 12 months and who achieved a CR or PR after salvage treatment at the time of relapse. A total of 182 patients treated between 2013 and 2021 were included in the analysis: 100 had CR and 82 had PR before ASCT. Median follow-up after ASCT was 34 months (range, 1-95). Overall survival (OS) at 3 years was 67.6%, and progression-free survival (PFS) was 50.6%. Cumulative incidence of relapse at 3 years was 43.9%. Older age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.03; P = .026) and a higher number of previous lines of treatment (HR, 1.43; P = .002) were associated with inferior OS. Multivariable analysis showed that the number of previous treatments had a significant impact on the OS (P = .009), whereas undergoing ASCT in a PR status was the only factor significantly associated with inferior PFS (P = .029; HR, 1.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-1.82). In summary, ASCT still provides high efficacy in patients experiencing late relapses (after 12 months) who have chemotherapy-sensitive disease after pretransplant salvage.},
}

@article {pmid41824381,
year = {2026},
author = {Oertel, M and Dabaja, B and Görlich, D and Thomas, BR and Sim, V and Johnstone, P and Hashmi, A and Levis, M and Ackerson, B and Hague, C and Weil, CR and Plastaras, J and Roos, D and Kirova, Y and Fietkau, R and Fang, PQ and Ng, A and Bock, F and Tseng, YD and Linde, P and Dunst, J and Terezakis, S and Easwaran, T and Peeken, JC and Wittig, A and Yoon, HI and Tao, R and Illidge, T and Kelsey, CR and Ricardi, U and Binkley, MS and Campbell, BA and Morris, S and Elsayad, K and Storck, M and Hoppe, RT and Eich, HT},
title = {Radiotherapy for indolent primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma: an international multicenter ILROG analysis.},
journal = {Blood},
volume = {147},
number = {25},
pages = {3051-3060},
doi = {10.1182/blood.2025032050},
pmid = {41824381},
issn = {1528-0020},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Skin Neoplasms/radiotherapy/pathology/mortality ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Lymphoma, B-Cell/radiotherapy/pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Adult ; Prognosis ; },
abstract = {Radiotherapy is an established treatment for low-grade primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. Recommendations on its use differ internationally, which prompted our group to conduct this analysis. Twenty-two institutions participated in this international study. Patient eligibility required a diagnosis of limited (T1/T2) primary cutaneous marginal zone or follicle center lymphoma treated with radiotherapy between 1995 and 2023. Data were collected retrospectively until February 2024 within the framework of the International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group. Overall, 535 patients were analyzed. Predominant locations were the head (40%) and trunk (36%). Radiotherapy had a median dose of 24 Gy in fractions of 2 Gy. Complete responses were observed in 91% at a median time of 3.6 months following radiotherapy. There was no statistically significant difference between treatments ≤4 Gy and >4 Gy for complete or overall response rates (P = .077 and P = .056, respectively). However, there was an inferior duration of local control with ≤4 Gy (5-year local control 73% ± 12% vs 96% ± 2%; P< .001). Radiation dose was the main prognostic factor in the univariate and multivariable Cox analysis; however, higher doses did not translate into an overall survival benefit. Toxicities rarely exceeded grade 2 but were more frequent in the >4 Gy group. Radiotherapy remains an effective treatment option for indolent skin lymphoma with low toxicity. High response rates are observed with low doses of ≤4 Gy. In comparison to conventional doses, these treatments have a shorter duration of local control but a favorable toxicity profile.},
}

Humans
Female
*Skin Neoplasms/radiotherapy/pathology/mortality
Male
Middle Aged
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
*Lymphoma, B-Cell/radiotherapy/pathology
Retrospective Studies
Adult
Prognosis

@article {pmid42307267,
year = {2026},
author = {Lee, PC and Schweizer, MT and Nadal, R},
title = {Piggybacking Towards Progress for CAR-T Cell Therapy in Prostate Cancer.},
journal = {Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-26-0959},
pmid = {42307267},
issn = {1557-3265},
abstract = {P-PSMA-101 is a first-in-class, stem cell memory T cell-enriched, PSMA-targeting CAR-T therapy. This cellular therapy showed notable clinical activity in two patients; however, PSA50 responses were generally modest. While severe immune effector-related toxicities were observed in some patients, a novel iCasp9 safety switch was largely effective in mitigating toxicity.},
}

@article {pmid42308287,
year = {2026},
author = {Bhattacharya, T and Freeman, TS and Alleman, EM and Wang, F and Chechik, L and Emerman, M and Myles, KM and Malik, HS},
title = {A conserved in-frame stop codon acts as a multipotent defense mechanism in alphaviruses.},
journal = {Science advances},
volume = {12},
number = {25},
pages = {eaee6015},
pmid = {42308287},
issn = {2375-2548},
mesh = {Animals ; *Sindbis Virus/genetics/physiology ; *Codon, Terminator/genetics ; Virus Replication/genetics ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics ; *Alphavirus/genetics ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Aedes/virology ; Mutation ; RNA Interference ; Immunity, Innate ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics ; Cell Line ; },
abstract = {Most alphaviruses maintain an in-frame opal stop codon that interrupts their nonstructural polyprotein (nsP) ORF between nsP3 and nsP4 in both vertebrate and insect hosts. We show that the nsP3 opal stop codon confers a replicative advantage to Sindbis virus (SINV) in RNAi-competent Aedes cells and mosquitoes but not in RNAi-deficient cells or mosquitoes. Mutation of the opal stop codon delays processing of the viral nsP polyprotein, disrupts viral replication spherule integrity, and renders viral RNA susceptible to Dicer 2 cleavage, resulting in higher antiviral siRNA responses against SINV. Similarly, these defects caused by opal codon mutations lead to increased viral RNA detection and enhanced immune signaling in vertebrate cells. Thus, a single stop codon in alphaviruses mediates a multipotent viral strategy to evade innate immune defenses across diverse hosts.},
}

Animals
*Sindbis Virus/genetics/physiology
*Codon, Terminator/genetics
Virus Replication/genetics
Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics
*Alphavirus/genetics
RNA, Viral/genetics
Aedes/virology
Mutation
RNA Interference
Immunity, Innate
RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
Cell Line

@article {pmid42309306,
year = {2026},
author = {Bulbaai, MT and Wesselink, E and Bisseling, TM and Koornstra, JJ and van Leerdam, ME and Le Marchand, L and Newcomb, PA and Samadder, NJ and Schep-Wijnveen, HJM and Kampman, E and van Duijnhoven, FJB},
title = {Fish consumption and colorectal neoplasms among Lynch syndrome carriers.},
journal = {The Journal of nutrition},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {101670},
doi = {10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101670},
pmid = {42309306},
issn = {1541-6100},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Fish intake may exert anti-neoplastic effects, potentially through omega-3 fatty acids. However, its role in the development of colorectal neoplasms (CRNs) among individuals with Lynch syndrome (LS), a genetic predisposition to colorectal cancer, remains unclear.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the association between fish intake and CRN risk among Lynch syndrome carriers, overall and across subgroups defined by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug/aspirin use, sex, geographic region, CRN history, and pathogenic variant type, and to examine associations between fish types and CRN risk.

METHODS: Data from 1,816 confirmed LS carriers in the GEOLynch cohort (the Netherlands) and the Colon Cancer Family Registry (Australia, Canada, USA) were used. Information on fish intake was collected at inclusion using food frequency questionnaires. CRNs included adenoma, serrated lesions, and colorectal cancer. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) across sex-specific quartiles and per 10 grams/day of total fish intake. Associations for specific fish types were assessed per 5 gram/day increase.

RESULTS: During a median follow-up time of 7.0 years [Interquartile range: 2.8-13.6], 742 (40.9%) participants developed a CRN. The CRN risk was similar in individuals in the highest quartile of fish intake compared to the lowest quartile (HR 1.03; 95% CI: 0.81, 1.32). No association was observed for each 10 grams/day increment in fish intake (HR: 1.0; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.05) and across subgroups. However, a 5 gram/day increase in canned fish appeared to increase the risk of CRNs (HR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.10).

CONCLUSIONS: Total fish intake does not appear to influence the development of CRNs in individuals with LS, while the influence of canned fish intake on CRN risk should be further investigated.},
}

@article {pmid42309667,
year = {2026},
author = {Jiang, CF and Yin, Y and Robson, P and Li, YJ and Li, JJ and Song, D},
title = {Flexible and scalable inference of spatially varying correlation in spatial transcriptomics with spCorr.},
journal = {Genome research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/gr.281559.125},
pmid = {42309667},
issn = {1549-5469},
abstract = {Spatial transcriptomics has transformed our ability to explore gene expression within its tissue context, enabling us to dissect subtle yet biologically significant variations in situ Although numerous computational methods have been proposed to identify Spatially Varying Genes (SVGs) by modeling their expression separately, much less effort has been devoted to understanding how correlations between genes change across space. Such Spatially Varying Correlations (SVCs) are critical for understanding biological processes such as gene regulatory mechanisms shaped by local tissue environments, yet existing tools remain limited for this task. To address this gap, we present spCorr, a flexible and scalable regression framework for studying SVCs. spCorr provides interpretable, spot-level estimates of gene correlation and detects gene pairs whose correlations vary across locations or between tissue domains. Through extensive simulations and real-data analyses, we show that spCorr achieves high detection power, reliably controls the False Discovery Rate (FDR), and is computationally efficient. Importantly, spCorr reveals biologically meaningful correlation patterns that highlight fine-scale tissue structures, gene module functions, and region-specific interactions, offering new opportunities to study coordinated gene regulation in spatial transcriptomics.},
}

@article {pmid42311653,
year = {2026},
author = {Petrina, MAB and Dong, TQ and Beamer, M and Bunge, K and Fairlie, L and Mhlanga, F and Balkus, JE and Noguchi, LM and Piper, J and Brown, ER and Hillier, SL},
title = {Vaginal Microbiota and Cytokines Among Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women in Clinical Trials of the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring and Oral Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine.},
journal = {Open forum infectious diseases},
volume = {13},
number = {6},
pages = {ofag329},
pmid = {42311653},
issn = {2328-8957},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Vaginal dysbiosis is associated with HIV acquisition and preterm delivery. Our objective was to evaluate prevalent vaginal infections, and changes in microbiota and cytokines among pregnant and breastfeeding women from 4 African countries using dapivirine vaginal ring (DVR) or oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) in 2 parallel nonoverlapping trials.

METHODS: MTN-042 (NCT03965923) was a randomized trial evaluating daily TDF/FTC or monthly DVR during pregnancy (n = 558), and MTN-043 (NCT04140266) was a randomized study evaluating TDF/FTC or DVR during breastfeeding (n = 197). Women were evaluated for vaginal infections at enrollment and follow-up using Nugent score and BD Max™ Vaginal Panel. Microbiota was evaluated by quantitative PCR for 12 bacterial targets; 5 cytokines and RANTES were evaluated by MAGPIX. Rates of change in vaginal microbiota and cytokines and prevalence of vaginal infections were evaluated using generalized linear mixed models and Benjamini-Hochberg (BH)-adjusted P values.

RESULTS: Vaginal infections, microbiota and cytokines did not differ between the 2 study arms at baseline. Lactobacillus crispatus was less frequently detected postpartum and during breastfeeding compared with pregnancy. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) and Candida were common during pregnancy and breastfeeding, but there was no significant difference in the rate of change in these infections by study arm. BV-associated microbiota and cytokines changed over pregnancy and postpartum, but the rate of change by study arm did not differ.

CONCLUSIONS: Vaginal infections, microbiota or cytokines/chemokines changes were similar in women using DVR or TDF/FTC. These data augment the robust safety profile for DVR to support its use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.},
}

@article {pmid42312404,
year = {2026},
author = {Chung, RK and Oehler, VG},
title = {Rooted in reality, living with hope: post-treatment fertility preservation.},
journal = {Haematologica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3324/haematol.2026.301131},
pmid = {42312404},
issn = {1592-8721},
abstract = {Not available.},
}

@article {pmid42312950,
year = {2026},
author = {Keck, JM and Zhu, L and Stommel, JM and Egger, JA and Ozmen, TY and Ozmen, F and Lee, J and Tate, B and Rames, MJ and Creason, AL and Suciu, CG and Pucilowska, J and Mills, GB and Davis, LE},
title = {Comprehensive multi-omic profiling of desmoplastic small round cell tumors identifies targetable pathways with therapeutic opportunities.},
journal = {Molecular cancer research : MCR},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-25-1134},
pmid = {42312950},
issn = {1557-3125},
abstract = {Desmoplastic small round cell tumors (DSRCTs) are rare, aggressive, fusion-driven sarcomas with poor outcomes despite intensive chemotherapy. Utilization of targeted therapies in DSRCT remains limited, underscoring the need for deeper characterization of patient tumors. To address this, we performed multi-omic profiling on nine patient-derived tumor biopsies from five patients enrolled in a precision oncology program. We consistently observed elevated mRNA and protein expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), androgen receptor (AR), and DNA damage response (DDR) markers, and characterized these molecular features using an integrated assay suite including bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing, protein profiling, immunohistochemistry, immune analyses, and functional homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) testing. We define a replication stress-associated DNA damage landscape and identify functional HRD in a subset of tumors lacking genomic HRD scar signatures. Single-cell analyses reveal intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity, while longitudinal sampling uncovers treatment-dependent shifts in expression and activity that may contribute to adaptive resistance. The immune microenvironment is characterized by dysfunctional T-cell states and sparse antigen-presenting cells. Collectively, these analyses delineate recurrent, biologically targetable features and patient-specific vulnerabilities, establishing a foundation for biomarker-guided therapeutic strategies in DSRCT. These findings support the investigation of rational combination approaches informed by sensitive detection methods and functional testing to address resistance in ultra-rare cancers. Implications: Integrative multi-omic profiling combined with functional testing in DSRCT reveals patient-specific vulnerabilities and biologically targetable receptor and DNA damage response dependencies, while defining immune states that may inform therapeutic response and rational combination strategies in this rare, fusion-driven cancer.},
}

@article {pmid42312971,
year = {2026},
author = {Pinto, N and Künkele, A and Albert, CM and Taylor, MR and Ullom, HB and Vitanza, NA and Wilson, AL and Cole, BL and Yeung, CCS and Wright, JH and Huang, W and Wendler, J and Seidel, K and Brown, C and Gustafson, J and Rawlings-Rhea, SD and Beebe, A and Mgebroff, S and Gardner, RA and Jensen, MC and Park, JR},
title = {The first-in-human ENCIT01 trial comparing second- versus third-generation L1CAM-specific CAR T cells in patients with primary refractory or relapsed neuroblastoma.},
journal = {Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-26-0009},
pmid = {42312971},
issn = {1557-3265},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Outcomes for children with relapsed and refractory neuroblastoma are dismal. ENCIT-01 (NCT02311621) was a first-in-human clinical trial for patients with relapsed and refractory neuroblastoma using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting L1CAM, an adhesion molecule that is overexpressed in neuroblastoma with limited normal tissue expression.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: This trial evaluated three different CAR constructs: a short spacer second-generation 4-1BB CAR (2GS, Arm A), a short spacer third-generation 4-1BB+CD28 CAR (3GS, Arm B) and a long spacer second-generation 4-1BB CAR (2GL, Arm C).

RESULTS: Thirty-six patients were enrolled and 22 were treated (Arm A/2GS n=11, Arm B/3GS n=8 and Arm C/2GL n=3). Thirty-four of 36 patients had a CAR T cell product successfully manufactured. Cytokine release syndrome, skin rash and hyponatremia were common ≥ Grade 2 toxicities. Hyponatremia was dose-limiting in 3 patients (DL5 Arm A/2GS, DL3 Arm B/3GS and DL2 Arm C/2GL). Patterns of toxicity appeared at lower dose levels on Arm B and Arm C compared to Arm A, suggesting differential potency of the third generation and long spacer products. No objective responses were seen. Correlative analyses demonstrated CAR T cell presence in tumor and skin, with evidence of macrophage tumor infiltration.

CONCLUSIONS: While feasible to manufacture in a heavily pretreated population, L1CAM may not be an appropriate target in neuroblastoma. Additional engineering strategies may be needed to prevent toxicity and provide durable anti-tumor effects.},
}

@article {pmid42313095,
year = {2026},
author = {Ray, S and Singhvi, A},
title = {When neuroligin-2 sticks around, astrocytes take shape.},
journal = {The Journal of cell biology},
volume = {225},
number = {7},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1083/jcb.202606021},
pmid = {42313095},
issn = {1540-8140},
support = {//Esther A. & Joseph Klingenstein/ ; BRFSG-2023-10//Brain Research Foundation Seed/ ; NS114222//National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/ ; },
mesh = {*Astrocytes/metabolism/cytology ; Animals ; *Neuroligins/metabolism ; Humans ; Ubiquitination ; },
abstract = {The complex structure of astrocytes allows for nervous system function; however, mechanisms underlying astrocyte morphogenesis remain unclear. Sakers et al. (https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202512111) find that astrocyte neuroligins (NLs) are functionally diverse, and intracellular ubiquitination of astrocyte NL2 by Nedd4l promotes astrocyte morphogenesis.},
}

*Astrocytes/metabolism/cytology
Animals
*Neuroligins/metabolism
Humans
Ubiquitination

@article {pmid42297975,
year = {2026},
author = {Matz, HC and Yu, TG and Dixit, K and Kikawa, C and Zhou, JQ and Pena Alzua, G and Peyton, L and Madsen, A and Han, F and Farrell, AG and Hoelzl, R and Schmitz, AJ and Horvath, SC and Keplinger, HK and Strnad, BS and Hoegger, MJ and Middleton, WD and Klebert, MK and Lin, NH and Nachbagauer, R and Krammer, F and Paris, R and Bloom, JD and Turner, JS and Presti, RM and Lee, J and Ellebedy, AH},
title = {mRNA-based influenza vaccine expands the B cell response breadth in humans.},
journal = {Nature immunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42297975},
issn = {1529-2916},
support = {U01AI141990//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/ ; U01AI144616//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/ ; 75N93021C00014/CD/ODCDC CDC HHS/United States ; 75N93019C00051/CD/ODCDC CDC HHS/United States ; T32AI007172//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/ ; T32AI083203//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/ ; 75N93019C00051/CD/ODCDC CDC HHS/United States ; R01AI165821//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/ ; 75N93021C00015/CD/ODCDC CDC HHS/United States ; T32CA009547//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; RS-2024-00411420//National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)/ ; P20GM113132//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)/ ; P01AI089618//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)/ ; },
abstract = {Conventional influenza virus vaccines induce antibody responses of limited breadth. Whether mRNA-based influenza virus vaccines can induce a superior germinal center (GC) response in humans remains unclear. Here we assessed B cell responses in an observational study of cohorts of healthy young adults receiving a licensed, split-virion or investigative mRNA-based quadrivalent seasonal influenza virus vaccine over two consecutive seasons. mRNA-based vaccines consistently elicited higher antibody titers and frequencies of memory B cells. In the draining lymph nodes, mRNA vaccination stimulated sustained GC reactions that persisted for at least 26 weeks after vaccination in 5 of 13 participants across the two seasons. Proteomic analysis of serum IgG repertoire showed that mRNA vaccination increased the number of vaccine-elicited serum IgG clonotypes and promoted intraclonal expansion within pre-existing clonotypes. B cell lineage analyses further indicated that expanded serum clonotypes map to GC B cell-associated sub-branches, consistent with ongoing GC-driven evolution underlying intraclonal expansion. This repertoire remodeling was accompanied by increased binding breadth against antigenically divergent influenza viruses. These findings reveal a key role for persistent GC responses in broadening the repertoire of vaccine-induced antibodies.},
}

@article {pmid42297986,
year = {2026},
author = {Casem, K and Monaco-Cermak, S and Lin, A and DeRespiris, L and Dahi, P and Giralt, S and Gyurkocza, B and Jakubowski, A and Lin, R and Politikos, I and Shaffer, B and Tamari, R and Shah, G and Scordo, M},
title = {Daratumumab therapy for refractory immune cytopenias after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.},
journal = {Bone marrow transplantation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42297986},
issn = {1476-5365},
}

@article {pmid42300967,
year = {2026},
author = {Xiong, K and Li, R and Li, N and Liu, R and Narayan, A and Rhoades, J and Song, C and Lindsley, RC and Parsons, HA and Makrigiorgos, GM and Adalsteinsson, VA},
title = {MEDUSA: Maintaining Entire DNA Duplexes for Utmost Sequencing Accuracy.},
journal = {Clinical chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/clinchem/hvag046},
pmid = {42300967},
issn = {1530-8561},
support = {2R01CA221874-04//Gerstner Family Foundation and National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Detection of low-level genetic variants is crucial for many applications in clinical care and research, yet can be hampered by inaccuracies in DNA sequencing. Duplex sequencing-based methods achieve unparalleled accuracy by requiring reads from both strands of the original DNA duplex to match. Yet, methods to prepare double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) for sequencing may resynthesize portions of each DNA duplex and cause base damage errors on one strand to become indistinguishable from true mutations on both strands.

METHODS: Here, we report MEDUSA (Maintaining Entire DNA Duplexes for Utmost Sequencing Accuracy), which minimizes dsDNA resynthesis to maximize duplex sequencing accuracy and yield. MEDUSA carefully repairs and blunts fragmented dsDNA, then employs apyrase to digest residual dNTPs, followed by restricted dA-tailing to prevent resynthesis. MEDUSA affords full genome coverage in a simplified protocol that is broadly compatible with dsDNA fragmentation and library preparation kits. We benchmarked MEDUSA on sheared genomic DNA derived from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue or blood cells, and cell-free DNA.

RESULTS: We found that MEDUSA measured a residual single-nucleotide variant frequency within a median 1.23-fold (range 0.92-1.88; P < 0.001) of what was expected if resynthesis was almost completely blocked, but with full genome coverage and duplex yields within a median 1.02-fold (range 0.33-1.46; P = 0.258) of traditional methods that do not limit resynthesis.

CONCLUSIONS: MEDUSA could enable high breadth or depth of duplex sequencing while limiting false mutation discovery.},
}

@article {pmid42302965,
year = {2026},
author = {Kaur, G and Logue, J and Brazauskas, R and Oloyede, T and Abid, MB and Ahmed, S and Aljurf, M and Banerjee, R and Bashey, A and Beitinjaneh, AM and Callander, NS and Castillo, P and Dholaria, B and Goldsmith, SR and Hashmi, S and Kharfan-Dabaja, MA and Liu, H and Mian, H and Nishihori, T and Rejeski, K and Saad, A and Slade, MJ and Turtle, CJ and Vogl, DT and Williams, KM and Wirk, B and Pasquini, MC and Moskop, A and Akhtar, OS and Hansen, DK and Janakiram, M},
title = {Prolonged Cytopenia After Idecabtagene Vicleucel for Multiple Myeloma is Associated with Poor Overall Survival.},
journal = {Transplantation and cellular therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtct.2026.06.021},
pmid = {42302965},
issn = {2666-6367},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cytopenias are well-recognized toxicities of idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel), a chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy approved for the treatment of relapsed, refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). However, little is known of prognostic implications of cytopenias that persist 30 to 100 days after CAR-T infusion.

OBJECTIVE: We report the duration, incidence, and impact on outcomes of post-CAR-T cytopenias at Day 30 and Day 100, defined as an absolute neutrophil count of < 500 cells/mm[3] and/or platelet count < 20  ×  10[9] cells/L, per the recent definitions of immune effector cell-associated hematotoxicity for neutropenia (N-ICAHT) and thrombocytopenia (T-ICAHT).

STUDY DESIGN: Using observational data from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, we identified 821 patients treated during 2021-2023.

RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of cytopenias at Day 30 was 25% and at Day 100 was 2%. Patients with Day 30 cytopenias had inferior progression-free survival (PFS) (39% vs 45%, P= .01) and overall survival (OS) at 12 months (57% vs 76%, P< .01). While there was no significant difference in PFS in patients who had Day 100 cytopenias (42% vs 53%, P= .12), compared to those who did not, patients with Day 100 cytopenias had significantly inferior OS at 12 months (55% vs 82%, P< .01). High (≥ 2) CAR-HEMATOTOX score was associated with cytopenias at Day 30 (hazard ratio 5.26, P< .001).

CONCLUSION: Cytopenias at Day 30 after ide-cel were associated with inferior PFS and OS. In addition, cytopenias at Day 100 after ide-cel are rare and are associated with inferior OS.},
}

@article {pmid42303047,
year = {2026},
author = {Baraznenok, E and Hsieh, HC and Lan, L and Konnick, EQ and Figiel, S and Rao, SR and Woodcock, DJ and Mills, IG and Hamdy, F and Valk, JE and Carter, KT and Yu, M and Paulson, TG and Dintzis, S and Grady, WM and Liu, JTC},
title = {Assessing the Effects of a 3D Pathology Tissue-Processing Workflow on Downstream Molecular Analyses.},
journal = {Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {106147},
doi = {10.1016/j.labinv.2026.106147},
pmid = {42303047},
issn = {1530-0307},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Non-destructive 3D pathology methods have emerged in recent years with the potential to enhance standard 2D histopathology by greatly increasing the amount of tissue sampled by imaging and by providing volumetric morphological context. Another key advantage is that tissues remain intact, allowing re-embedding after imaging for potential long-term storage and future histological or molecular analyses. Here, we aim to systematically evaluate the impact of 3D pathology protocols on biomolecules - including DNA, RNA, and proteins - and their compatibility with downstream assays.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We applied a previously optimized 3D pathology protocol - involving deparaffinization, fluorescent H&E-analog staining, optical clearing, and open-top light-sheet microscopy - to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens of breast, prostate, and head and neck cancer. Following the protocol, tissues were re-embedded in paraffin and compared with paired FFPE controls that did not undergo 3D pathology processing. DNA and RNA were extracted and subjected to quality assessments. Amplifiability was tested by PCR and reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) of housekeeping genes.

RESULTS: A slight decrease in the average yield and increased fragmentation of both DNA and RNA was observed in the 3D pathology processed group compared to the control, but PCR amplifiability was largely preserved. Sanger sequencing of the PCR products confirmed accurate sequence determinations, while total RNA sequencing indicated that the global transcriptomic profile was largely unchanged. IHC staining of common biomarkers produced comparable signals, suggesting preservation of those proteins after the 3D pathology workflow.

CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate the basic feasibility of combining 3D pathology with downstream molecular analysis, justifying future work to further explore the integration of 3D pathology with diverse advanced molecular assays.},
}

@article {pmid42305039,
year = {2026},
author = {Smith, SD and Sundaram, S and Giri, S and Ness, A and Wang, Y and Gopal, AK and Pang, Y and Tatoian, ET and Grossfeld, T and Lynch, RC and Warren, EH and Nowakowski, GS and Park, SI},
title = {Outcomes From the Multicenter ACCRU-LY-1804/CARiBOU TRIAL (Cytarabine, Acalabrutinib and Rituximab Integrated With Bortezomib-Based Outpatient Therapy) in 1st Line Mantle Cell Lymphoma.},
journal = {American journal of hematology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ajh.70406},
pmid = {42305039},
issn = {1096-8652},
support = {//AstraZeneca/ ; },
abstract = {First-line therapy for mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) represents a critical opportunity for clinical benefit via sustained complete response. We conducted a phase 2 multicenter trial in the academic and community cancer research united (ACCRU) network, testing a multitargeted 1st line regimen. CARiBOU (ACCRU-LY-1804) employs alternating VR-CAP and R-cytarabine with continuous acalabrutinib, in six 21-day cycles, for previously untreated MCL. The primary endpoint was complete metabolic response (CMR) rate. Secondary endpoints included safety, feasibility of stem cell collection, proportion proceeding to ASCT, and progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Peripheral blood measurable residual disease (MRD) was tested using the ClonoSEQ assay (Adaptive Biotechnologies). Of 41 patients enrolled, 39 (95%) responded to therapy, including 37 patients achieving CMR (90%). Two nonresponders discontinued therapy for toxicity early, prior to study-defined restaging, and received alternate therapy. Undetectable MRD at a 10[6] threshold was achieved in 26/33 tested patients (79%), and 94% at 10[5]. 18-month estimated PFS is 79% (95% CI 64%-97%), and OS is 96% (95% CI 88%-100%). Toxicities were primarily hematologic (grade 3 hematologic AE in 32 patients, [78%]). Twelve required platelet transfusions, and one grade 3 bleeding event occurred. Febrile neutropenia occurred in 4 patients, and 6 (14%) experienced SAEs. There were no treatment-related deaths. CARiBOU is an efficient, highly effective outpatient 1st line MCL regimen, employing intermediate-dose cytarabine and continuous acalabrutinib for 6 cycles. This multitargeted regimen addresses the biologic heterogeneity of MCL and permits flexible MRD-guided decisions on consolidation and maintenance. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04626791.},
}

@article {pmid42306077,
year = {2026},
author = {Reeves, BN and El Chaer, F and Foltz, L and Tashi, T and Abu-Zeinah, G and Qin, A and Lucas, J and Halpern, AB and Maze, D and Safah, H and O'Connell, CL and Goel, S and Rein, L and Fang, B and How, J and Babu, S and Li, Z and Cerquozzi, S and Oh, ST and Hunter, AM and Podoltsev, N and Vachhani, P and Cunningham, JM and Hillis, C and Bose, P and Yacoub, A and Mascarenhas, J and Zagrijtschuk, O and Castro, H and Mesa, RA and Masarova, L},
title = {Ropeginterferon alfa-2b-njft treatment in essential thrombocythemia across different driver mutations: results from a North American, single-arm, multicentre study (EXCEED-ET).},
journal = {Lancet regional health. Americas},
volume = {61},
number = {},
pages = {101529},
pmid = {42306077},
issn = {2667-193X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Ropeginterferon alfa-2b-njft (ropeg), a mono-PEGylated interferon-α, showed efficacy and safety in patients with hydroxyurea-intolerant/resistant essential thrombocythemia (ET) in the phase 3 SURPASS-ET largely conducted in Asia. Here we report the results from the EXCEED-ET study, which evaluated ropeg in both treatment-naïve and hydroxyurea pre-treated ET in North America.

METHODS: The single-arm, multicentre, phase 2b trial EXCEED-ET was conducted at 28 centers in the United States and Canada. Patients with ET enrolled were required to have a platelet count >450 × 10[9]/L at screening. Patients were eligible regardless of prior cytoreductive therapy status and included both treatment-naïve and hydroxyurea-pretreated patients. Ropeg was subcutaneously administered in an accelerated titration schedule at 250 μg at Week 0, 350 μg at Week 2, and 500 μg from Week 4 and beyond. The primary endpoint was durable, modified European LeukemiaNet (ELN) response at both Months 10 and 13 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05482971).

FINDINGS: Between January 17, 2023, and May 15, 2025, 106 patients were screened and 91 were enrolled. At baseline, participant median age was 57 years (range, 22-84) with 57/91 (62.6%) being female and 71/91 (78.0%) being White. Among 91 patients enrolled, durable modified ELN response rate was 60.2% (95% CI, 49.0-71.4). The median time to hematologic response was only 8.4 weeks (95% CI: 8.1-11.9). Splenomegaly and symptom improvement or non progression occurred in 90/91 (98.9%) and 71/91 (78.0%), respectively. Seven of 91 (7.7%) patients with palpable spleen at baseline and all had an improvement in disease-related signs. The rates of molecular response for driver mutations at Month 13 as defined by ELN2009 criteria were 35.0% (7/20) for patients with JAK2V617F, 16.0% (4/25) for CALR, and 25.0% (2/8) for MPL mutations. One (1/1) TP53 mutation-positive patient showed a complete molecular response. Thrombosis and progression occurred in 3.4% (3/91) and 1.1% (1/91), respectively. Most treatment-emergent adverse events were mild, including fatigue (60%) and reversible transaminase elevations (58%). There was no grade 5 TEAE and one (1.1%) grade 4 TEAE (hepatitis toxic) which recovered without sequelae. Grade ≥3 TEAEs occurred in 27.5% (25/91) of the participants, most commonly with alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase increases (4.4%; 4/91), neutrophil count decrease (4.4%; 4/91), fatigue (3.3%; 3/91) and lymphocyte count decrease (3.3%; 3/91). Treatment-related serious adverse events occurred in 5.5% (5/91) of patients. Pneumonia was the most common SAE, occurring in 2/91 (2.2%) patients. Ropeg-related discontinuations occurred in 9/91 (9.9%) patients.

INTERPRETATION: Ropeg showed efficacy and substantial molecular responses with good overall tolerability across a broad ET population.

FUNDING: PharmaEssentia.},
}

@article {pmid42294596,
year = {2026},
author = {Thomas, CE and Wesselink, E and Takashima, Y and Huyghe, JR and Buchanan, DD and Grant, RC and Costa, AD and Ugai, T and Ogino, S and Nowak, JA and Peters, U and Phipps, AI and Hsu, L},
title = {Evaluating statistical models for overdispersed multi-omics data: a multiplex immunofluorescence case study.},
journal = {American journal of epidemiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/aje/kwag127},
pmid = {42294596},
issn = {1476-6256},
abstract = {Multi-omic data analysis poses statistical challenges. We evaluated statistical models for our multiplex immunofluorescence study of T cell subset densities in colorectal cancer. Using 1235 cases, we compared seven models- ordinal logistic regression, Poisson, quasi-Poisson, quadratic negative binomial (NB), linear NB, zero-inflated NB (ZINB) and hurdle NB models- assessing associations with a strong (microsatellite instability, MSI) and a weak (calcium intake) exposure. Simulation studies assessed type I error and power. Effect estimates were generally consistent for the strong exposure (MSI) but varied for the weaker exposure (calcium). Simulations revealed inflated false-positive rates for the Poisson and NB-based models, including quadratic NB, zero-inflated and hurdle, but not for ordinal logistic regression or the linear NB model. The quasi-Poisson model showed modest inflation of low p-values, but the overall p-value distribution remained approximately uniform under the null. Ordinal logistic, linear NB, and quasi-Poisson models achieved the best or near-best power across a range of zero proportions, dispersion levels, and distributions. The ordinal logistic, linear NB, and quasi-Poisson models are useful and robust options for epidemiologic analyses of overdispersed, right-skewed multi-omic data with a nontrivial proportion of zero counts.},
}

@article {pmid42294841,
year = {2026},
author = {Mina, R and Beksac, M and Rodríguez-Otero, P and Chen, W and Mateos, MV and Li, J and Moreau, P and Cohen, YC and Min, CK and Jelinek, T and Ye, JC and Magen, H and Rubinstein, SM and Fu, W and Hungria, V and Cengiz Seval, G and Farias, JS and Radocha, J and Maral, S and Turgut, M and Koh, Y and O'Leary, D and Schmidt Filho, J and Thertulien, R and An, G and Huang, SY and Grosicki, S and Tyczyńska, A and Banerjee, R and Pianko, MJ and Martínez-López, J and Steckiewicz, P and Maruyama, D and Fukushima, K and Oriol, A and Lopez Pardo, J and Goldschmidt, H and Pawlyn, C and Perrot, A and Zamagni, E and Dimopoulos, MA and Rasche, L and Tolbert, J and Terry, W and Courtoux, C and Liu, X and Vasey, SY and Connors, K and Festa, M and Heuck, C and Langlois, A and O'Rourke, L and Zhou, J and Qin, X and Lu, J and Gong, J and Vieyra, D and Voorhees, PM and , },
title = {Talquetamab-Daratumumab in Relapsed or Refractory Myeloma.},
journal = {The New England journal of medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1056/NEJMoa2604657},
pmid = {42294841},
issn = {1533-4406},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Talquetamab, a bispecific antibody targeting GPRC5D and CD3, has led to durable responses in patients with heavily pretreated relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma in phase 1-2 trials, with a limited effect on normal B cells.

METHODS: In a phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who had previously received at least one line of therapy to receive talquetamab plus daratumumab and pomalidomide (Tal-DP), talquetamab plus daratumumab (Tal-D), or daratumumab plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone (DPd). The primary end point was progression-free survival as assessed by an independent review committee. Key secondary end points were overall response, complete response or better (complete or stringent complete response), measurable residual disease-negative complete response, and overall survival.

RESULTS: A total of 287, 287, and 290 patients were assigned to the Tal-DP, Tal-D, and DPd groups, respectively. At the interim analysis (median follow-up, 24.6 months), progression-free survival was significantly longer with Tal-DP and Tal-D than with DPd (24-month estimate, 81.3% and 77.6% vs. 51.2%; hazard ratio for disease progression or death, Tal-DP vs. DPd, 0.28 [95% confidence interval {CI},
0.20 to 0.40], and Tal-D vs. DPd, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.24 to 0.46]; P<0.001 for both comparisons). The overall response was higher with Tal-DP and Tal-D than with DPd (88.2% and 88.5% vs. 77.6%), as was complete response or better (71.1% and 69.0% vs. 34.5%) and measurable residual disease-negative complete response (52.3% and 46.3% vs. 15.9%) (P<0.001 for all comparisons). Overall survival at 24 months was 89.2% with Tal-DP, 87.9% with Tal-D, and 79.1% with DPd (hazard ratio for death, Tal-DP vs. DPd, 0.47 [95% CI, 0.30 to 0.73], and Tal-D vs. DPd, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.33 to 0.78]). Serious adverse events occurred in 63.0%, 52.6%, and 53.7% of the patients in the Tal-DP, Tal-D, and DPd groups, respectively; fatal adverse events occurred in 1.8%, 4.0%, and 4.6%.

CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who had previously received at least one line of therapy, both Tal-DP and Tal-D led to significantly longer progression-free survival than DPd. (Funded by Johnson & Johnson; MonumenTAL-3 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05455320.).},
}

@article {pmid42296457,
year = {2026},
author = {Barac, A and Guha, A and Fleming, TR and Bonaca, M and Thavendiranathan, P and Deswal, A and Amiri-Kordestani, L and Bhatnagar, V and Cordoba, R and Hurvitz, S and Adjei, AA and Agarwal, N and , },
title = {Defining Cardiovascular Endpoints in Oncology Trials: Challenges and Opportunities: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.},
journal = {Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {JCO2501647},
doi = {10.1200/JCO-25-01647},
pmid = {42296457},
issn = {1527-7755},
abstract = {The unprecedented expansion of approved oncology therapies has prolonged survival and transformed the prognosis for many patients diagnosed with cancer. However, cancer treatments may be associated with cardiovascular toxicities that manifest through vascular, myocardial, or metabolic pathways, potentially limiting the use of cancer therapeutics and adversely affecting outcomes. Oncology clinical trials provide an important opportunity to evaluate cardiovascular safety signals by generating data on the incidence, timing, and spectrum of toxicities. However, progress has been limited by inconsistent definitions and variable approaches to event characterization. This scientific statement aligns the advances in cardiovascular medicine and cardiovascular clinical trials to provide criteria for systematic selection, rigorous characterization, and adjudication of cardiovascular endpoints in contemporary oncology trials. The proposed framework links drug-specific mechanisms to endpoint selection and standardizes the approach to definitions of adverse cardiovascular events, including heart failure, arrhythmias, myocarditis, and thrombotic events. Definitions of major adverse cardiac events, clinical events, and surrogate endpoints are discussed, along with strategies for alignment with the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events and patient-reported outcomes. Practical guidance is provided for prospective surveillance, decentralized and hybrid clinical trial designs, independent endpoint adjudication, and statistical approaches to competing risks and late-emerging toxicities. By harmonizing cardiovascular endpoint assessment across oncology trials, this scientific statement aims to enhance risk stratification, facilitate regulatory acceptance, and inform clinical decision making, ultimately improving patient safety while supporting innovation in cancer therapeutics.},
}

@article {pmid42145593,
year = {2026},
author = {Yeh, CH and Walsh, SR and Parsons, R and Zhang, E and Thakur, B and Song, K and Van Ltallie, E and Clark, M and Williams, W and Edwards, RJ and Hahn, WO and Song, S and Lin, L and Huang, HI and Lugo, J and Quan, A and Xue, Y and Chen, Y and Tuck, R and Mansouri, K and Spence, T and Laukaitis, H and Parks, R and Barr, M and Schweer, E and Levering, N and Eaton, A and Shen, S and Janowska, K and Johnson, G and Wang, P and Cain, D and Arus-Altuz, A and Donahue, E and Kirshner, HF and Zhbannikov, I and Berry, M and Venkatayogi, S and Martin Beem, JS and Hyrien, O and Yu, PC and Parks, R and Polakowski, LL and Tindale, I and Yurdadon, C and Burnham, R and Andriesen, J and Wage, K and Seaman, MS and Montefiori, D and Kelsoe, G and Wiehe, K and Saunders, KO and McElrath, MJ and Corey, L and Mayer, K and Acharya, P and Baden, L and Haynes, BF},
title = {Induction of multiple HIV-1 neutralizing B Cell Precursors in Humans.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42145593},
abstract = {Induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) remains a central goal of HIV vaccine development. In the HVTN300 clinical trial (NCT04915768), we evaluated an HIV CH505 transmitted/founder (TF) envelope trimer designed to prime naïve B cell precursors of the CD4 binding site (CD4bs) class of bnAbs that use a CDRH3-dominated binding mode. Autologous tier 2 serum neutralizing activity was detected in 9 of 11 vaccinees, and neutralizing B cells were isolated from all participants. CD4bs-directed, CDRH3-binder bnAb precursors were identified in 8 of 11 vaccinees (73%), including one lineage with nascent heterologous breadth that neutralized 6% of global HIV isolates. Cryo-EM structures confirmed CD4bs CDRH3-binder modes of engagement and additionally revealed vaccine-induced V1/V3-directed antibodies and a neutralizing lineage targeting the gp120/gp41 interface. Together, these results demonstrate that the CH505 TF trimer primes a diverse, polyclonal neutralizing B cell repertoire in humans, providing multiple entry points for sequential boosting strategies to achieve HIV bnAb breadth.},
}

@article {pmid42239153,
year = {2026},
author = {Wu, W and Greene, JE and Ahmad, K and Henikoff, S},
title = {KAS-CUT&Tag for direct mapping of transcription bubbles.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42239153},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Transcription by RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) generates dynamic transcription bubbles as it moves forward, but existing methods map transcriptional activity in vivo only indirectly. We introduce KAS-CUT&Tag, a method that combines N3-kethoxal labeling of exposed guanines with CUT&Tag to directly map transcription bubbles. We find that bubble density varies across Pol II-bound genes at transcription start sites, gene bodies, and termination sites. Transcription bubbles are enriched at genes marked by the H3K36me3 histone modification and chromatin-bound splicing factor U2AF2, but the highest enrichment is at replication-coupled histone genes throughout the cell cycle. KAS-CUT&Tag also detects colocalization of the histone gene transcription factor NPAT with Pol II at the Histone Locus Body, suggesting NPAT is juxtaposed to transcription bubbles via interaction with Pol II. Together, KAS-CUT&Tag enables direct mapping of Pol II and regulatory interactions at transcription bubbles, providing a powerful tool for precise analysis of transcriptional activity.},
}

@article {pmid42239335,
year = {2026},
author = {Kishishita, A and Cismoski, S and Grant, T and Deo, R and Prudhvi, S and Sue, C and Barpanda, A and Yu, C and Shenoy, S and Berman, S and Reeves, AG and Li, H and Liu, T and Naik, A and Biswas, D and Jiao, F and He, Y and Hancock, M and Dalal, R and Zalevsky, A and Hoopmann, MR and Ye, CJ and Viner, R and Feng, F and Mandal, K and Moritz, RL and Riesco, IE and Sali, A and Wells, JA and Srivastava, S and Huang, L and Wiita, AP},
title = {Extending structural surfaceomics to identify aberrant conformations of tumor surface proteins as potential immunotherapy targets.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42239335},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {The complement of tumor cell surface proteins, or "surfaceome", is a rich source of potential immunotherapy targets. To move beyond expression-based target discovery, we previously described "structural surfaceomics," combining crosslinking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) with surface protein biotinylation to identify conformation-selective targets. In our prior work, we applied this method to a single model of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), identifying active integrin beta-2 as a promising target. Here, we expand structural surfaceomics to identify additional immunotherapy targets and surface protein biology across additional models of AML, multiple myeloma, and prostate cancer, as well as donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Utilizing these models and different chemical crosslinkers, we compile an extensive database of 5,209 crosslinks. We characterize both shared and unique crosslink-based features, identifying 1,612 disease model-specific crosslinks, including 212 potentially defining tumor-specific conformations based on distance constraint violations relative to AlphaFold predictions. We further implement a suite of emerging modeling tools to predict tumor-specific protein structures. We probe crosslinking patterns suggesting multiple myeloma-specific CD48 and AML-specific integrin α1/β4 heterodimer conformations. This work establishes a resource for cancer structural biology by implementation of structural surfaceomics. Our findings also point toward more realistic protein design models, potentially enabling systematic detection of targetable cancer-specific epitopes for next-generation immunotherapies.},
}

@article {pmid42279418,
year = {2026},
author = {Sujichantararat, S and Biswas, D and Kazerouni, AS and Tsang, ED and Sathe, A and Hippe, DS and Park, VY and Chung, M and Specht, JM and Dintzis, SM and Rahbar, H and Holmes, JH and Huang, W and Partridge, SC},
title = {Deep Learning-Based Synthetic Contrast-Enhanced Breast MRI for Monitoring Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {18},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {42279418},
issn = {2072-6694},
support = {1R01CA248192-04/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; 1R01CA190299-05/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Contrast-enhanced (CE) breast MRI is highly sensitive for evaluating breast cancer extent and response to neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) but requires intravenous administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA), increasing cost, time, patient discomfort, and health concerns. This study explored the feasibility of reducing GBCA use in treatment monitoring using a deep learning (DL) model to synthesize CE-MRI from non-contrast MRI. Methods: This IRB-approved retrospective pilot study evaluated women with breast cancer enrolled in an ongoing trial using serial MRI to monitor NAT prior to surgery. A pre-trained DL model was used to synthesize CE-MRI from T1-, T2-, and diffusion-weighted MRI. Changes in tumor volume at early (post-1-cycle NAT) and mid-treatment were measured on synthetic and acquired CE-MRI. Performance for predicting residual cancer burden (RCB) class 0/1 was evaluated using AUC and compared with DeLong's test. Results: 27 women were included in the study (median age, 47 years [range = 28-75]); 14 (52%) achieved RCB class 0 and six (22%) achieved class 1. Synthetic CE-MRI-derived tumor volumes showed strong correlation with those from acquired CE-MRI at pre-treatment (ρ = 0.92, p < 0.001) and early treatment (ρ = 0.83, p < 0.001), but lower agreement at mid-treatment (ρ = 0.57, p = 0.002). Change in tumor volume on synthetic CE-MRI was numerically similar to acquired CE-MRI for predicting RCB class 0/1 vs. 2/3 at both early (AUC = 0.84 vs. 0.86, p = 0.83) and mid-treatment (AUC = 0.73 vs. 0.75, p = 0.80). Conclusions: Synthetic CE-MRI demonstrates preliminary feasibility as a non-contrast surrogate for predicting favorable outcomes (RCB class 0/1) in this pilot study, but inconsistencies in tumor volume measurement vs. acquired CE-MRI warrant further model refinement and validation.},
}

@article {pmid42280448,
year = {2026},
author = {Bodenrader, A and Sotres-Alvarez, D and Dao, MC and Scott, TM and Aytur, SA and Noel, SE and Qi, Q and Gallo, LC and Daviglus, M and Tarraf, W and Kaplan, R and Bigornia, SJ},
title = {Dairy Products Are Not Adversely Associated with Depressive Symptoms over 6 Years in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {18},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {42280448},
issn = {2072-6643},
support = {HHSN268201300001I/N01-HC-65233//National Heart Lung and Blood Institute/ ; HHSN268201300004I/N01-HC-65234//National Heart Lung and Blood Institute/ ; HHSN268201300003I/ N01-HC-65236 Northwestern Univ//National Heart Lung and Blood Institute/ ; HHSN268201300005I/N01-HC-65237//National Heart Lung and Blood Institute/ ; Grant Numbers not applicable//National Dairy Council/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Dairy Products/adverse effects ; *Hispanic or Latino/psychology ; Female ; Male ; *Depression/ethnology/epidemiology/etiology ; Prospective Studies ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; *Diet ; United States/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Current evidence suggests that Hispanic/Latino adults experience a disproportionate burden of depression. Dairy consumption has been associated with fewer depressive symptoms, but examinations in Hispanic/Latino cohorts are unavailable. Our objective was to measure the 6-year prospective associations between dairy consumption and depressive symptoms among Hispanic/Latino adults. Methods: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) is a prospective population-based cohort study of 16,415 Hispanic/Latino adults residing in the US. We estimated daily dairy product consumption from two 24 h baseline dietary recalls using the National Cancer Institute method. The 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD10) administered at baseline and follow-up assessed depressive symptoms. Survey multiple linear regression models adjusted for baseline CESD10 and other covariates, including sociodemographic, dietary and health factors. Standardized β coefficients represent the standard deviation difference in 6-year CESD10 score per one standard deviation increase in daily dairy intake at baseline. Complete data were available among 10,618 participants. Results: Neither baseline total dairy consumption (standardized β (95% CI); -0.019 (-0.048, 0.011)), nor milk (-0.006 (-0.029, 0.018)), cheese (0.038 (-0.006, 0.081)), or cream (-0.005 (-0.037, 0.028), p > 0.05 for all) consumption was significantly associated with the follow-up CESD10 score. Conversely, we observed a significant and inverse association between yogurt (-0.036 (-0.058, -0.013), p = 0.002) and butter (-0.049 (-0.092, -0.006), p = 0.027) with the CESD10 score. Conclusions: Total dairy, fat-based dairy groupings, milk, cheese, and cream were not associated with CESD10 score at 6-year follow-up; yogurt and butter showed inverse associations that require cautious interpretation due to very small effect sizes. Although additional prospective analyses in other diverse cohorts are needed to confirm these results, our findings suggest that dairy consumption is not adversely associated with depressive symptoms in Hispanic/Latino adults.},
}

Humans
*Dairy Products/adverse effects
*Hispanic or Latino/psychology
Female
Male
*Depression/ethnology/epidemiology/etiology
Prospective Studies
Adult
Middle Aged
*Diet
United States/epidemiology

@article {pmid42281185,
year = {2026},
author = {Gray, SL and Piccorelli, AV and Hart, LA and Cook, AJ and Williamson, BD and Balderson, BH and Phelan, EA},
title = {Substitution Patterns After Discontinuation of CNS-Active Medications in Older Adults in Primary Care.},
journal = {Journal of the American Geriatrics Society},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jgs.70514},
pmid = {42281185},
issn = {1532-5415},
support = {U01CE002967/CC/CDC HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Little is known about substitution of alternative medications in the context of deprescribing. The objectives were to: (1) determine the frequency of medication substitutions among those who discontinued a central nervous system (CNS)-active medication, and (2) characterize substitutions as potentially inappropriate (as per the 2023 Beers Criteria) versus not.

METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis that combined data from the intervention and usual care arms from the STOP-FALLS deprescribing trial that tested a health-system-embedded intervention designed to reduce prescription of CNS-active medications. This analysis focused on participants followed for 360 days following baseline with chronic use of opioids, benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants, skeletal muscle relaxants, or Z-drugs. Discontinuation was defined as the first date when there was no evidence of a prescription fill for 90 days, thus only participants with a discontinuation that occurred in the first 270 days were included. A list of likely alternative treatments was developed for each target medication. A substitution was operationalized as a new alternative medication prescribed during the 30 days prior to or 60 days after discontinuation of a target medication.

RESULTS: The study sample included 2182 individuals (average age 70.5 years, 63.1% female). At baseline, a total of 2415 target medications were prescribed, of which 442 (18.3%) were discontinued. Discontinuation rates varied from 122 (8.0%) for users of opioids to 86 (49.7%) for users of skeletal muscle relaxants. Substitutions were made for 42 (9.5%) drug discontinuations. Of these substitutions, 11 of 42 (26.2%) were to a potentially inappropriate medication: tricyclic antidepressants (n = 5), benzodiazepines (n = 3) and hydroxyzine (n = 3). Other common substitutions included gabapentin, selective serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and trazodone.

DISCUSSION: Of medication discontinuations with a substitution, one-quarter were to at least one potentially inappropriate medication. This finding highlights the need for additional guidance for prescribers to ensure safe deprescribing of CNS-active medications.},
}

@article {pmid42284622,
year = {2026},
author = {Aragon-Ching, JB and Gupta, S and Grivas, P and Park, SH and Petrylak, DP and Sridhar, SS and Gurney, H and Jacob, N and Tyroller, K and Hoffman, J and Bellmunt, J},
title = {Avelumab first-line maintenance for advanced urothelial carcinoma: long-term outcomes from the JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial in patients with high body mass index or diabetes mellitus.},
journal = {ESMO open},
volume = {11},
number = {7},
pages = {107776},
doi = {10.1016/j.esmoop.2026.107776},
pmid = {42284622},
issn = {2059-7029},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Avelumab first-line maintenance is the recommended treatment option for patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) without progression following platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC), based on the phase III JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial. High body mass index (BMI; ≥30 kg/m[2]) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are risk factors for bladder cancer. We report exploratory analyses from JAVELIN Bladder 100 in patients with high BMI or documented controlled DM at the time of random assignment.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: JAVELIN Bladder 100 enrolled patients with advanced UC without progression after first-line PBC, who were randomly assigned to receive avelumab plus best supportive care (BSC; n = 350) or BSC alone (n = 350). The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) from the time of random assignment.

RESULTS: Overall, 122 patients (17.4%) had high BMI and 114 (16.3%) had DM. After a median follow-up of ≥38 months in both arms, hazard ratios for OS with avelumab plus BSC versus BSC alone were 0.77 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.49-1.21] in patients with high BMI and 0.60 (95% CI, 0.37-0.95) in patients with DM. Long-term safety of avelumab maintenance in these subgroups was generally consistent with that of the overall population.

CONCLUSIONS: Exploratory analyses support the use of avelumab first-line maintenance in patients with advanced UC without progression following PBC, including those with high BMI or DM.},
}

@article {pmid42286308,
year = {2026},
author = {Rogers, JR and Ward, ZJ and Stratton, KL and Leisenring, WM and Taylor, CS and Armstrong, GT and Chow, EJ and Feraco, AM and Howell, RM and Hudson, MM and McMahon, M and Morton, LM and Oeffinger, KC and Smith, SA and Diller, L and Yeh, JM},
title = {Modeling long-term mortality and morbidity in pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma survivors after reduced radiotherapy exposure.},
journal = {Journal of the National Cancer Institute},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jnci/djag186},
pmid = {42286308},
issn = {1460-2105},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Long-term survivors of pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma are at risk of late treatment-related mortality, cancer, and heart disease. While modified treatments have reduced radiation exposure, long-term risks in late adulthood are unknown.

METHODS: Using a simulation model based on data from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study and national databases, we projected overall survival and cumulative incidence of breast cancer and heart failure for 5-year survivors treated with extended-field RT, chest RT ≥ 35 Gy, chest RT < 35 Gy, or chemotherapy only. Estimates were compared with general population individuals who faced only age-related risks. We report the mean and 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) among 1000 iterations.

RESULTS: At age 65, projected overall survival ranged from 24.7% (95% UI, 17.7 to 32.5) after extended-field RT to 71.8% (44.9 to 81.8) after chemotherapy only, compared with 86.4% (83.8 to 88.8) in the general population. Cumulative breast cancer incidence among female survivors was 61.1% for extended-field RT, 59.7% for chest RT ≥ 35 Gy, 49.8% for chest RT < 35 Gy, and 17.9% for chemotherapy only, respectively, versus 6.1% in the general population. Heart failure risks among all survivors were 34.8%, 33.4%, 28.4%, and 16.0, respectively, versus 4.3%. Across all subgroups, breast cancer and heart failure were projected to occur 16.1-31.7 and 21.0-25.9 years earlier, respectively, relative to general population risks at age 65.

CONCLUSIONS: Although historical reductions in RT dose and field have substantially improved long-term survival, survivors treated with lower-dose or chemotherapy alone remain at markedly elevated risk for early-onset breast cancer and heart failure.},
}

@article {pmid42286829,
year = {2026},
author = {Mage, PL and Konecny, AJ and Mair, F},
title = {Measurement and Prediction of Unmixing-Dependent Spreading due to Collinearity in Spectral Flow Cytometry.},
journal = {Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/cyto.a.70044},
pmid = {42286829},
issn = {1552-4930},
abstract = {Advances in spectral cytometry instrumentation and fluorescent reagents have led to the possibility of ultra-high-parameter panels exceeding 50 colors. However, panel size is limited in practice by unmixing-dependent spreading (UDS), a phenomenon which leads to a progressive deterioration of unmixed signal-to-noise ratios in panels that contain fluorochrome combinations with significant spectral overlap. So far, choosing spectrally compatible sets of fluorochromes that avoid UDS has been a complex and labor-intensive task involving substantial trial-and-error experimentation. Here, we provide a detailed explanation of UDS and practical strategies for handling UDS in large spectral panels. We describe the empirical hallmarks of UDS, demonstrate how to quantify its impact, and dissect its underlying mathematical cause in terms of spectral collinearity. We present practical tools derived from the regression literature that can be used to select optimal combinations of fluorochromes in a platform-agnostic fashion based on publicly available reference data, providing a general tool for spectral panel design.},
}

@article {pmid42288368,
year = {2026},
author = {Fogh, SE and Greenlee, H and Langley, B and Gillespie, EF and Wonders, KY and Marshall, N},
title = {Exercise in Oncology Patients: A Call for Strategies to Address the Critical Gap Between Evidence-Based Recommendations and Implementation.},
journal = {Seminars in radiation oncology},
volume = {38},
number = {},
pages = {151025},
doi = {10.1016/j.semradonc.2026.151025},
pmid = {42288368},
issn = {1532-9461},
mesh = {Humans ; *Neoplasms/therapy ; Quality of Life ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; *Exercise ; *Exercise Therapy/methods ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; },
abstract = {Physical activity has demonstrated positive impact on cancer outcomes, including survival and quality of life, in patients throughout the trajectory of cancer treatment. Government and leading health organizations have included exercise among cancer-prevention guidelines based on substantial evidence demonstrating clear benefits, including reductions in treatment-related side effects, higher chemotherapy completion rates, improved physical fitness and functionality, and increases in health-related quality of life. Despite clear consensus-based recommendations, a gap exists between what is known to benefit patients with cancer and the implementation of an intervention which has consistently demonstrated a positive impact on patient outcomes. It is critical to develop customized programming, reimbursement and thoughtful strategies that consider both patient and provider barriers to implementing exercise as part of cancer treatment.},
}

Humans
*Neoplasms/therapy
Quality of Life
Evidence-Based Medicine
*Exercise
*Exercise Therapy/methods
Practice Guidelines as Topic

@article {pmid42288371,
year = {2026},
author = {Astaphan, DJ and Blanco, MM and Riviere, P and Fogh, SE and Greenlee, H and Gillespie, EF},
title = {Clinical Trials of Integrative Oncology Interventions for Radiation Therapy: Emerging Evidence and Opportunities.},
journal = {Seminars in radiation oncology},
volume = {38},
number = {},
pages = {151045},
doi = {10.1016/j.semradonc.2026.151045},
pmid = {42288371},
issn = {1532-9461},
mesh = {Humans ; *Neoplasms/radiotherapy/psychology ; *Clinical Trials as Topic ; *Integrative Oncology/methods ; Quality of Life ; *Radiotherapy/adverse effects ; },
abstract = {Integrative oncology interventions for patients undergoing radiation therapy (RT) may relieve symptoms (including procedural anxiety) and improve quality of life, though gaps remain in the evidence base to adequately guide implementation efforts. In this article we review clinical trials specifically for psychological (ie, mindfulness), physical (ie, exercise, acupuncture), and combination approaches (ie, yoga, tai chi, and qigong), in which several symptom-based clinical outcomes are impacted (ie, fatigue, sleep disturbance, pain, mood, and xerostomia). We identified at least 90 clinical trials and 15 systematic reviews and meta-analyses related to this topic, but note the predominance of early-phase investigations and some heterogeneity in study findings. We also assess opportunities across the radiation treatment continuum, noting most interventions were targeted during active radiation treatment. Future research ought to leverage novel hybrid study designs and multi-center community-based clinical settings (including cooperative groups) to confirm effectiveness and generalizability of findings of existing earlier phase clinical trials. Meanwhile, opportunities to improve clinical trial efficiency such as integrating advanced practice providers and patient-reported outcomes in routine care should be considered. As a field with procedural elements, established symptom trajectories, and often daily patient engagement, radiation oncology is poised to develop and implement interventions that advance symptom science and clinical outcomes for patients with cancer.},
}

Humans
*Neoplasms/radiotherapy/psychology
*Clinical Trials as Topic
*Integrative Oncology/methods
Quality of Life
*Radiotherapy/adverse effects

@article {pmid42288686,
year = {2026},
author = {Lange, JM and Ahmad, I and Dengos, IJ and Ryan, A and Apostolidou, S and Gentry-Maharaj, A and Holloway, S and Ryser, MD and Menon, U and Etzioni, R},
title = {Can ovarian cancer screening work? A secondary analysis of the UK collaborative trial of ovarian cancer screening.},
journal = {British journal of cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42288686},
issn = {1532-1827},
support = {NIHR HTA grant 16/46/01//DH | National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)/ ; NIHR HTA grant 16/46/01//DH | National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)/ ; NIHR HTA grant 16/46/01//DH | National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)/ ; C1479/A2884//Cancer Research UK (CRUK)/ ; C1479/A2884//Cancer Research UK (CRUK)/ ; C1479/A2884//Cancer Research UK (CRUK)/ ; G9901012 and G0801228//RCUK | Medical Research Council (MRC)/ ; G9901012 and G0801228//RCUK | Medical Research Council (MRC)/ ; G9901012 and G0801228//RCUK | Medical Research Council (MRC)/ ; R35CA274442//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; R35CA274442//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; R35CA274442//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS; 2001-2020) showed no reduction in disease mortality in its primary intervention arm using multimodal screening (MMS) with longitudinal Cancer Antigen 125 (CA125) and transvaginal ultrasound. Whether this null result reflects the stop-screen design, screening performance, or ovarian cancer natural history remains unclear.

METHODS: Using individual-level screening and diagnosis data from the MMS arm, we estimated ovarian cancer natural history, focusing on high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC), the most common and lethal subtype. We then simulated trial outcomes under (1) continued screening beyond the trial screening interval and (2) high sensitivity for early-stage detection over an extended time period.

RESULTS: The estimated window for detecting early-stage HGSC under MMS was <6 months. Continued screening yielded at most a 15% relative mortality reduction. Achieving a ≥20% mortality reduction required extending the detectable early-stage window to 1 year and attaining ≥70% sensitivity during this period.

CONCLUSION: Current screening modalities offer a very limited opportunity to intercept HGSC at an early stage. Clinically effective ovarian cancer screening will require first- and second-line tests capable of detecting HGSC substantially earlier in its natural history.},
}

@article {pmid42292132,
year = {2026},
author = {Cassidy, T and Belluccini, G and Iyaniwura, SA and Ribeiro, RM and Perelson, AS},
title = {INHERITANCE OF INTRACELLULAR VIRAL RNA IN A MULTISCALE MODEL OF HEPATITIS C INFECTION.},
journal = {SIAM journal on applied mathematics},
volume = {86},
number = {3},
pages = {791-813},
pmid = {42292132},
issn = {0036-1399},
abstract = {Multiscale mathematical models of hepatitis C infection have been instrumental in our understanding of direct acting antivirals. These models include the mechanisms driving intracellular viral production and explicitly model the intracellular concentration of viral RNA. However, incorporating proliferation of infected hepatocytes in these models can be subtle, as infected daughter cells inherit viral RNA from the proliferating mother cell. Here, we show how to incorporate this inheritance within a multiscale model of HCV infection. As in typical multiscale models of HCV infection, we show that this model is mathematically equivalent to a system of ordinary differential equations and perform bifurcation analysis of the resulting ODE that demonstrates that proliferation of infected hepatocytes can lead to infection persistence even if the basic reproductive number is less than one.},
}

@article {pmid42294510,
year = {2026},
author = {Blackmore, SJ and Gala, N and Fraser-Purdy, H and Moore, IC and Olaogun, D and Ovtsyn, D and Allick, C and Arola, K and Aspin, C and Burack, JA and Garneau, AB and Campbell, ANC and Efimoff, I and Fetter, AK and Gone, JP and Greenfield, BL and Iyer, SN and Kirmayer, L and Kropp, FB and Melro, C and Nelson, LA and O'Connor, RM and Paul, J and Phillips, M and Pride, T and Skewes, MC and Stoor, JPA and Tremblay, MC and Ullrich, JS and Walls, ML and Warne, D and Wendt, DC},
title = {Indigenous Research Sovereignty Within Academia: Challenges and Opportunities.},
journal = {SSM. Mental health},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42294510},
issn = {2666-5603},
abstract = {Indigenous Peoples' inherent right to self-determination includes authority over research, yet university systems centralize control in ways that constrain Indigenous sovereignty. This article examines how academic institutional structures and processes-well beyond the actions of individual researchers-shape the possibilities and limitations of Indigenous-focused research within universities. Drawing on a collaborative, story-based process involving Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers working with Indigenous communities across diverse regions and contexts internationally, we synthesize shared experiences to identify recurrent challenges and the systemic conditions that produce them. We describe both barriers and solutions within five themes: governance, institutional fit, burden, capacity, and relationships. Examples of barriers include paternalizing ethics boards, cumbersome financial systems, rigid timelines, and narrow evaluation metrics, which often conflict with community-defined governance and relational approaches to research. Examples of solutions include Indigenous-governed funding pathways, community ethics bodies, Indigenous-led research units, and institution-level efforts to embed relational accountability. We argue that strengthening Indigenous research sovereignty requires universities and funders to redesign their infrastructures (not simply adjust procedures), meaningfully share authority, align practices with Indigenous governance, and support long-term relationship building. By centering community leadership and relational accountability, universities can move beyond symbolic or superficial commitments to Indigenous self-determination in research, toward research environments rooted in respect, reciprocity, and community-defined outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid42279178,
year = {2026},
author = {Anderson, LJ and Okamura, L and Dhunjishah, N and Gowrisankar, R and Song, J and Chauncey, TR and Garcia, JM},
title = {Baseline Functional Performance Predicts Better Long-Term Self-Reported Physical Function After Auto-HSCT.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm15114318},
pmid = {42279178},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Determination of baseline predictors of longer-term quality of life (QOL) after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Auto-HSCT) may identify patients with the greatest supportive care needs. We hypothesized that baseline older age, weight loss, and worse functional performance would negatively predict QOL over two years post-HSCT. Methods: Physical function, body composition, and QOL were assessed before (PRE) and one month (1MO) after Auto-HSCT in U.S. Veterans (N = 23). QOL and survival were also assessed approximately every six months for two years after Auto-HSCT (5MO, 1YR, 1.5YR, and 2YR). Changes over time were tested via Generalized Estimating Equation regression analyses (p < 0.05 = significant). The impact of PRE variables on QOL at each follow-up was tested via Spearman's correlations (p < 0.01 = significant). Results: Relative to PRE, depression and anxiety significantly improved (p ≤ 0.039) at 1MO while fatigue and vitality significantly worsened (p ≤ 0.024) 1MO to 5MO post-HSCT. Vitality, depression, and anxiety returned to PRE levels thereafter, while fatigue trajectory varied depending on the survey used. Bone-Marrow-Transplant-related QOL significantly improved at 5MO (p = 0.014) while self-reported function (p ≤ 0.021) and physical activity (p ≤ 0.045) significantly improved 1-2YR post-HSCT. Greater PRE 30 s chair stand test performance consistently correlated with better self-reported function 1-2YR (r = 0.76-0.91, p ≤ 0.007) post-HSCT. Greater PRE 6 min walk test performance consistently correlated with better symptom burden 1-2YR (r = 0.71-0.81, p ≤ 0.01) post-HSCT. Conclusions: In support of our hypothesis, baseline functional performance was associated with QOL during two years of recovery after Auto-HSCT; older age and recent weight loss at baseline only predicted worse baseline QOL. Our data indicates that evaluation of the 30 s chair stand and 6 min walk tests as rehabilitation targets and/or predictors of QOL, fitness, or mortality after Auto-HSCT are warranted. Larger, controlled studies are needed to confirm the findings from this exploratory analysis.},
}

@article {pmid41984995,
year = {2026},
author = {Lee-Miller, CA and Kairalla, JA and Hibbitts, E and Winick, NJ and Rabin, KR and Angiolillo, A and Schore, RJ and Salzer, WL and Burke, MJ and Loh, ML and Raetz, EA and Hunger, SP and Devidas, M and Teachey, DT and Gupta, S and McNeer, JL},
title = {Adding induction intrathecal cytarabine in newly diagnosed CNS2 B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia does not improve outcomes.},
journal = {Blood advances},
volume = {10},
number = {12},
pages = {4184-4192},
doi = {10.1182/bloodadvances.2026019660},
pmid = {41984995},
issn = {2473-9537},
mesh = {Humans ; *Cytarabine/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Injections, Spinal ; Female ; Male ; *Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy/mortality/diagnosis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Treatment Outcome ; Adolescent ; *Central Nervous System Neoplasms/drug therapy ; *Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; *Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Prognosis ; },
abstract = {Patients with central nervous system (CNS) disease at diagnosis on Children's Oncology Group (COG) B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) trials AALL0331 and AALL0232 had inferior outcomes, largely secondary to CNS relapse. In response, for patients with newly diagnosed B-ALL enrolled on COG studies AALL0932 and AALL1131, therapy was adjusted to incorporate additional intrathecal cytarabine during induction for patients with low-level CNS involvement (CNS2). We evaluated the impact of this intervention.Event-free survival, overall survival, and cumulative incidence of relapse were compared among patients with CNS2 B-ALL before vs after amendment, stratified by receipt of a 3-drug (standard-risk) or 4-drug (high-risk) induction. Multivariable models were constructed to adjust for demographic and disease variables. When stratified by trial, preamendment and postamendment patients with CNS2 status did not differ significantly by demographic or disease factors. Additional intrathecal cytarabine doses during induction did not improve outcomes for patients with B-ALL. Multivariate analyses adjusting for disease prognosticators, race/ethnicity, and leukemia cytogenetics did not identify any subpopulation that significantly benefited from additional intrathecal cytarabine. Additional intrathecal cytarabine during induction for patients with CNS2 B-ALL did not improve outcomes or mitigate the adverse prognostic impact of CNS2 status in B-ALL. Future COG B-ALL studies will not include additional intrathecal cytarabine in induction for patients with CNS2 disease. Alternative treatment strategies are needed for patients with CNS2 disease.},
}

Humans
*Cytarabine/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
Injections, Spinal
Female
Male
*Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy/mortality/diagnosis
Child
Child, Preschool
Treatment Outcome
Adolescent
*Central Nervous System Neoplasms/drug therapy
*Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
*Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
Prognosis

@article {pmid41985005,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang'ondu, R and Kairalla, JA and Shago, M and Angiolillo, AL and Breidenbach, H and Burke, MJ and Carroll, AJ and Rabin, KR and Salzer, WL and Schore, RJ and Wang, C and Hunger, SP and Teachey, DT and Raetz, EA and Loh, ML and Davis, KL and Rau, RE},
title = {Chromosome 15q deletions confer inferior outcomes among children with ETV6::RUNX1 B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.},
journal = {Blood advances},
volume = {10},
number = {12},
pages = {4109-4112},
doi = {10.1182/bloodadvances.2026019599},
pmid = {41985005},
issn = {2473-9537},
}

@article {pmid42274313,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, N and DiCorpo, DA and Zhang, Y and Kleinbrink, E and Arnett, DK and Barnard, J and Blangero, J and Bowden, DW and Carson, AP and Chen, YI and Chung, MK and Curran, JE and Darbar, D and Duggirala, R and Ellinor, PT and Fatkin, D and Fornage, M and Heard-Costa, N and He, J and Hou, L and Kardia, SLR and Kooperberg, C and Loos, RJF and McManus, DD and Mitchell, BD and Minster, RL and North, KE and Psaty, BM and Raffield, LM and Redline, S and Rich, SS and Roden, D and Rotter, JI and Shoemaker, MB and Smith, JD and Van Wagoner, DR and Aguet, F and Ardlie, K and Bis, JC and Brody, JA and Cade, BE and Clish, CB and de Vries, PS and Floyd, JS and Freedman, BI and Gabriel, S and Gerzsten, RE and Goodarzi, MO and Gu, C and Guo, X and Gupta, N and Heckbert, SR and Hsu, S and Hung, YJ and Kalyani, RR and Kelly, TN and Kinney, GL and Li, C and Liu, S and Liu, Y and Lloyd-Jones, DM and Manson, JE and Mathias, RA and Mercader, JM and Morrison, AC and Naseri, T and Onengut, S and Palmer, ND and Peyser, PA and Qi, Q and Raghavan, S and Reiner, AP and Rooney, MR and Sevilla-Gonzalez, M and Sarnowski, C and Smith, JD and Smith, JA and Spartano, NL and Tahir, U and Taylor, KD and Tobias, DK and Tracy, RP and Viali, S and Wang, H and Wood, AC and Yanek, LR and Zhao, W and Zheng, Y and Dupuis, J and Liu, CT and Sladek, R and Wessel, J and Meigs, JB and Manning, AK and , },
title = {Colocalization of eQTLs With Type 2 Diabetes and Glycemic Traits Using Whole-Genome Sequences in Diverse Populations From the NHLBI Trans-Omics in Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Program.},
journal = {Diabetes},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2337/db25-0557},
pmid = {42274313},
issn = {1939-327X},
support = {UM1DK078616/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {We aimed to improve understanding of the genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes and glycemic traits by leveraging whole-genome sequencing in diverse populations. Our goal was to identify novel variants, refine known loci, and link genetic signals to regulatory mechanisms through colocalization with expression quantitative trait loci. We discovered novel variants, significantly improved fine-mapping resolution, and identified 80 regulatory colocalization signals in diabetes-relevant tissues. These findings support precision medicine approaches by connecting genetic variation to functional biology in type 2 diabetes.},
}

@article {pmid42274332,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, J and Bellocco, R and Jia, Y and Nasrollahzadeh, D and Zagai, U and Jeske, R and Waterboer, T and Wu, AH and Anderson, LA and Risch, HA and Vaughan, TL and Ye, W},
title = {The role of gastric atrophy in the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and esophageal adenocarcinoma.},
journal = {Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-25-1312},
pmid = {42274332},
issn = {1538-7755},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The mechanism underlying pathways between H. pylori infection, gastric atrophy, and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is yet to be quantitatively investigated.

METHODS: 435 patients with EAC and 1298 cancer free subjects were included from the International Barrett's and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Consortium (BEACON). Samples collected from 1993 to 2004. Gastric atrophy was determined by serum pepsinogens. H. pylori infection was assessed by antibodies against 15 antigens. Logistic regression models were fitted to estimate odds ratio, to quantify the association between antibodies and gastric atrophy. The 4-way decomposition of the overall effect in natural direct and indirect effects was used to measure the intermediate effects of mediators between H. pylori and EAC, while also considering their role as effect modifiers.

RESULTS: Seropositivity for 15 H. pylori antigens was associated with a lower risk of EAC; the ORs ranged from 0.44 (95% CI; 0.40-0.49) to 0.91 (95% CI; 0.84-0.98). Seropositivity for multiple antigens was also associated with a reduced risk of EAC. The effect of H. pylori infection was not mediated through gastric atrophy, body mass index (BMI), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), whether these factors were examined individually or jointly, as the estimates of natural indirect effects were close to 0.

CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed the inverse association between H. pylori and EAC, which was not mediated by gastric atrophy nor the combination with BMI and GERD.

IMPACT: It suggests refining EAC risk prediction models and exploring other potential mediators and pathways between H. pylori and EAC.},
}

@article {pmid42274978,
year = {2026},
author = {Shadman, M and Munir, T and Xu, S and Yang, K and Mohseninejad, L and Guthrie, G and Hirata, J and Lefebure, M and Williams, R and Tam, CS},
title = {Indirect Comparison of the Efficacy of Zanubrutinib vs Ibrutinib and Acalabrutinib in Treatment-Naive Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: 6-Year Follow-Up.},
journal = {Advances in therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42274978},
issn = {1865-8652},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Zanubrutinib, acalabrutinib, and ibrutinib each demonstrated improved investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS-INV) and overall survival (OS) versus chemotherapy-based regimens in treatment-naive chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in the phase 3 trials SEQUOIA (NCT03336333), ELEVATE-TN (NCT02475681), and RESONATE-2 (NCT01722487), respectively. In the absence of head-to-head studies, this analysis compared the efficacy of zanubrutinib vs ibrutinib and vs acalabrutinib in treatment-naive CLL via indirect naive comparisons.

METHODS: Eligibility criteria were aligned to improve cross-trial comparability. The zanubrutinib vs ibrutinib comparison included COVID-19-adjusted PFS-INV and OS in arm A of SEQUOIA (n = 241; median follow-up, 73.4 months) and the ibrutinib arm of RESONATE-2 (n = 136; median follow-up, 88.5 months). The zanubrutinib vs acalabrutinib comparison included PFS-INV and OS in subgroups of patients without del(17p) and/or TP53 mutations from arm A of SEQUOIA (n = 215; median follow-up, 73.6 months) and the acalabrutinib arm of ELEVATE-TN (n = 156; median follow-up, 74.5 months).

RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were similar for each comparison. Zanubrutinib significantly prolonged PFS-INV (hazard ratio [HR], 0.65; 95% CI, 0.44-0.97; P = 0.0330) and showed a trend toward improved OS (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.36-1.01; P = 0.0532) vs ibrutinib. At the 72-month landmark, PFS-INV and OS rates were significantly higher with zanubrutinib vs ibrutinib, with a risk difference of 15.3% (95% CI, 8.3-22.2%) for PFS and 9.9% (95% CI, 3.0-16.7%) for OS. Compared with acalabrutinib, zanubrutinib trended toward improved PFS-INV (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.52-1.11; P = 0.1553) and OS (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.41-1.06; P = 0.0836). The 72-month landmark PFS-INV and OS rates were significantly higher with zanubrutinib vs acalabrutinib, with a risk difference of 9.9% (95% CI, 3.0-16.9%) for PFS-INV and 8.8% (95% CI, 2.0-15.5%) for OS.

CONCLUSION: These findings inform the long-term comparative efficacy of Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors and suggest that zanubrutinib may confer sustained PFS and OS benefits compared with ibrutinib and acalabrutinib in similar treatment-naive CLL populations. Graphical abstract and video available for this article. Overview of the Comparative Efficacy of Covalent BTK Inhibitors in Treatment-Naïve CLL/SLL With Six-Year Follow-Up (MP4 345006 kb).},
}

@article {pmid42275226,
year = {2026},
author = {St Germain, R and Sholukh, AM},
title = {Protocol for antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis assay with controlled IgG concentrations in tested samples.},
journal = {STAR protocols},
volume = {7},
number = {2},
pages = {104626},
doi = {10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104626},
pmid = {42275226},
issn = {2666-1667},
abstract = {Here, we present a protocol to equalize antibody concentrations between samples to focus analysis on IgG properties rather than phagocytosis driven by antibody concentration. We describe steps for quantitating antigen-specific IgG in serum using a suitable binding assay, diluting samples to equalize IgG concentration, and using the antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) assay. We then detail procedures for measuring differences in antibody properties between experimental groups by running diluted samples in the ADCP assay or other effector function assays. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to St. Germain et al.[1].},
}

@article {pmid42276049,
year = {2026},
author = {Liang, J and Jiang, X and Reitsam, NG and Lenz, T and Zhang, L and Gustav, M and Carrero, ZI and Muti, HS and Neidlinger, P and Clusmann, J and Žigutytė, L and Sainath, V and Wolf, F and Boardman, LA and French, AJ and Goode, EL and Gsur, A and Brezina, S and Gunter, MJ and Steinfelder, R and Harrison, T and Peters, U and Phipps, AI and Quirke, P and West, NP and Hoffmeister, M and Brenner, H and Wankhede, D and Jonnagaddala, J and Hawkins, N and Ward, RL and Fountzilas, E and Papadopoulou, K and Fountzilas, G and André, T and Taieb, J and Emile, JF and Svrcek, M and Kong, L and Kather, JN},
title = {Spatial biomarker discovery via interpretable semantic learning in histopathology.},
journal = {Cancer cell},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ccell.2026.05.014},
pmid = {42276049},
issn = {1878-3686},
abstract = {Spatial biomarkers are critical for precision oncology but remain challenging to systematically discover due to the complexity of whole-slide images. We present PathPrism, an interpretable AI framework for spatial biomarker discovery and virtual experimentation. Unlike black-box models, PathPrism encodes tissue architecture into pathologically informed spatial features, enabling transparent modeling of prognosis, molecular alterations, and therapy response. Applied to 7,000 patients with colorectal cancer across 11 cohorts, PathPrism uncovered hundreds of biomarkers predictive of survival, MSI, BRAF, and TP53 mutations, and stratified chemotherapy benefit in stage II/III disease. Building on these interpretable findings, PathPrism uses large language models as auxiliary tools to generate hypotheses grounded in spatial semantics. We further introduce VirtualWSI, a platform for semantic perturbation within an interpretable spatial biomarker atlas. PathPrism provides a scalable and interpretable framework for spatial biomarker discovery.},
}

@article {pmid42276543,
year = {2026},
author = {Noyd, DH and Coons, L and Bank, JD and Larimer, E and Garson, G and Aliferakis, V and Giovannetti, T and Villavicencio, C and Lin, YH and Leu, MG and Chow, EJ and Heike, CL},
title = {An Informatics Approach to Enhance Care for Childhood, Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors Through Population Health Management.},
journal = {Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center},
volume = {33},
number = {},
pages = {10732748261460117},
doi = {10.1177/10732748261460117},
pmid = {42276543},
issn = {1526-2359},
abstract = {IntroductionAdolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors are at significant risk for late treatment-related effects yet face challenges when transitioning to survivorship-focused care and longitudinal follow-up. Population-level tools in the electronic health record (EHR) offer a pragmatic approach to track patients and optimize care.MethodsThe Seattle Children's Hospital Cancer Survivor Program created a population health management system, using tools embedded within the EHR, based on a validated registry of AYA survivors. We developed a dynamic dashboard to make care gaps visible survivorship care, provide exposure-based pulmonary and cardiac toxicity surveillance, and support transition to adult care. We also built reports to facilitate real-world data analysis of the transition to survivorship care and longitudinal follow-up in a retrospective cohort of AYA survivors. We analyzed data from the cohort to explore subgroup differences in survivorship care.ResultsAmong survivors who finished treatment between January 1, 2021, and April 30, 2022 (n=220), 47% completed a long-term follow-up visit. There were no differences in the likelihood of follow-up based on age categories (p=0.36). For survivors with established long-term follow-up (n=743), 76% received longitudinal care. Compared with children, adolescent survivors (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.29-0.9), emerging young adults (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.24-0.63), and young adults (OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.05-0.18) were less likely to have a survivorship visit in the preceding 30 months. This difference was attenuated when analysis was restricted to survivors <22 years old and adjustment for years off therapy, with OR of 0.67 (95%CI 0.37-1.21) and 0.82 (0.45-1.50) among AYAs compared to children as the referent group.ConclusionAn EHR embedded population health platform represents a feasible approach to measure longitudinal follow-up care and transitions among AYA survivors. Clinical informatics tools have the potential to drive innovation and enhance evidence-based, guideline-concordant care to mitigate late effects in this population.},
}

@article {pmid41758961,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, Y and Liu, S and Ghamlouch, H and Gagler, DC and Blaney, P and Nabet, B and Davies, FE and Morgan, GJ},
title = {Study of NSD2 using a dTAG system reveals its molecular mechanism and oncogenic implications in t(4;14) multiple myeloma.},
journal = {Blood},
volume = {147},
number = {24},
pages = {2916-2929},
doi = {10.1182/blood.2025031663},
pmid = {41758961},
issn = {1528-0020},
abstract = {The histone H3 lysine 36 dimethylation (H3K36me2) methyltransferase NSD2 is deleted in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome and is aberrantly expressed in 10% to 15% of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) because of a t(4;14) translocation. Although NSD2 is thought to be a primary driver in MM, the exact molecular mechanisms by which it regulates transcription remain unclear. We applied the degradation tag (dTAG) system to acutely degrade NSD2 and used this, in combination with time-resolved thiol-linked alkylation for the metabolic sequencing of RNA (SLAM-seq), to identify 307 transcriptional targets of NSD2. Reconstitution with either wild-type NSD2 or a catalytically inactive mutant (NSD2Y1179A) showed that NSD2's transcriptional effects are almost exclusively dependent on its SET domain activity. Mechanistically, H3K36me2 deposition by NSD2 antagonizes H3K27me3 levels, and treatment with 2 distinct Polycomb repressive complex 2 inhibitors demonstrated that approximately half of the NSD2 target genes are regulated in an H3K27me3-dependent manner. Cleavage under targets and tagmentation (CUT&Tag) analysis showed that upon NSD2 depletion, there was an increase in H3K27me3 that occurred at genome-wide intergenic regions rather than at the promoters or gene bodies of NSD2 target genes. These data suggest that NSD2, via H3K36me2, antagonizes H3K27me3 deposition likely at distal regulatory elements, including enhancers, creating a chromatin landscape favorable for target gene transcription. Importantly, NSD2 target genes were enriched for key oncogenic pathways, and 24 transcription factors (TFs) implicated in neurodevelopment and acute leukemia, consistent with its role in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome and MM. Eight of these TFs are known oncogenic drivers in acute leukemia or MM, highlighting a novel molecular mechanism for NSD2's role in t(4;14) MM.},
}

@article {pmid42182279,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhai, Z and Wang, C and Jiang, C and Rong, Z and Li, JJ},
title = {IntegrateRigor: annotation-free integration optimization for cell identity recovery reveals cancer-immune interface niches.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42182279},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Integrating single-cell and spatial transcriptomics data across batches is essential for recovering comparable cell identities-including cell types, subtypes, and states-as a prerequisite for downstream analyses in multi-condition and large-scale studies. This task remains challenging because between-batch variation removal often conflicts with cell identity preservation, and current methods typically rely on generic highly variable gene selection and lack principled metrics for hyperparameter tuning when cell identity annotations are unavailable. Together, these limitations often lead to over-integration, which merges biologically distinct cell identities, or under-integration, which leaves cells separated by batch rather than identity. Here we introduce IntegrateRigor, a data-driven, annotation-free, method-agnostic framework that optimizes integration specifically for reliable cell identity recovery across batches. IntegrateRigor first selects genes whose expression patterns are stable across batches using a gene-wise likelihood-based batch stability score, excluding batch-sensitive genes that can bias cell identity alignment during integration. It then identifies the optimal integration configuration across methods and hyperparameters by defining a dataset-level integration score that explicitly balances between-batch variation removal against cell identity preservation, without requiring prior annotations. In a colorectal cancer single-cell and spatial transcriptomics dataset, IntegrateRigor revealed previously uncharacterized cancer-immune interface niches in the tumor microenvironment that were masked by under-integration under default settings and by over-integration in previous literature. Across diverse datasets spanning multiple sources of between-batch variation, IntegrateRigor consistently improved cell identity recovery by mitigating both over-integration and under-integration across five state-of-the-art methods. By transforming integration from a heuristic preprocessing step into a statistically principled, dataset-adaptive procedure for cell identity recovery, IntegrateRigor improves the reproducibility and biological discovery power of large-scale single-cell and spatial transcriptomics analyses.},
}

@article {pmid42263665,
year = {2026},
author = {Ueland, K and Elahi, T and Rasmussen, M and Wolfe, AE and Purcell, H and Chakka, SR and Mirimo-Martinez, M and Persinger, H and Johnson, K and Boynton, AM and McMillen, K and Byelykh, M and Biernacki, MA and Yeh, AC and Ali, N and Manjappa, S and Wuliji, N and Fredricks, D and Bleakley, M and Holmberg, LA and Peled, JU and Schenk, J and Raftery, D and Ma, J and Hill, GR and Neuhouser, ML and Lee, SJ and Markey, KA},
title = {Plant-based whole-food diets are feasible during auto-HCT and are associated with dose-dependent microbiome modulation.},
journal = {Blood advances},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1182/bloodadvances.2026020270},
pmid = {42263665},
issn = {2473-9537},
abstract = {Plant-based whole foods may represent a tractable approach to mitigating microbiome disruption and improving outcomes in patients undergoing auto-HCT for multiple myeloma, a population in whom intestinal dysbiosis has been linked with inferior survival. We conducted a single-arm clinical trial at our center, in which participants undergoing auto-HCT (n = 22) received fresh, pre-prepared, plant-based meals for 5 weeks spanning conditioning, neutropenia, and early recovery, with the goal of supporting the consumption of nutrient-dense, high-fiber foods. The primary endpoints were feasibility and tolerability, defined by successful enrollment, and patient-reported intake of study meals. Dietary intake was quantified using prospective food diaries and 24‑hour dietary recall surveys. Secondary endpoints included changes in gut microbiome composition and function assessed by shotgun metagenomic sequencing and stool short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) measurements. The intervention was feasible and generally well tolerated, with all participants consuming delivered meals to some degree, with adherence sufficient to support planned dietary and correlative analyses. Greater intake of study meals was associated with more pronounced shifts in gut microbial communities, including enrichment of SCFA-producing taxa and compositional changes consistent with a fiber-responsive microbiome. Stool SCFA concentrations increased from baseline to the end of the intervention, suggesting a functional impact of the dietary strategy on microbial metabolite production during the peri-transplant period. These findings demonstrate that a plant-based meal delivery intervention is implementable during auto-HCT and suggest dose-dependent modulation of the gut microbiome and its metabolic output. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06559709).},
}

@article {pmid42263667,
year = {2026},
author = {Bashey, A and Logan, BR and Hill, LC and Symons, HJ and Farhadfar, N and Grunwald, MR and Pidala, JA and Dehn, JG and Brunstein, C and Arai, S and Leifer, E and He, N and Shaw, BE and Juckett, MB and Devine, SM and Uberti, J and Westervelt, P and Srour, SA and Pusic, I and Vasu, S and Hayes-Lattin, B and Ciurea, SO and Horowitz, MM and Lee, SJ and Hogan, WJ},
title = {Donor-Specific Transplant Outcomes from BMTCTN 1702: A Multi-Center Prospective Biological-Assignment Trial.},
journal = {Blood advances},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1182/bloodadvances.2026020355},
pmid = {42263667},
issn = {2473-9537},
abstract = {Newer approaches to control alloreactivity may produce similar transplant outcomes using HLA-mismatched donors versus HLA-matched unrelated donors. However, prospective comparisons are lacking. BMT CTN 1702 used a donor search prognosis score to assign patients without matched sibling donors, to transplant using an 8/8 HLA-matched unrelated donor (MUD) or the center's preference of haploidentical-related (HAPLO), mismatched unrelated (MMUD), or umbilical cord blood (UCB) donors. Outcomes using MUD were compared to HAPLO, MMUD and UCB while adjusting for relevant covariates. Patients (n=1179) (93% adults) underwent transplantation with a MUD (n=772), HAPLO (n=254), MMUD (n=112) and UCB (n=41) at a median of 3.7, 3.4, 3.9 and 3.8 months from enrollment. Post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) was used in 23.9%, 83.9%, 65.2% and 0% of MUD, HAPLO, MMUD and UCB HCT. In multivariate analysis, compared to MUD, survival after HCT was significantly lower for patients receiving UCB (HR 2.65, p<0.001) but not statistically different for HAPLO and MMUD HCT recipients (HR 1.08 and 1.18). The risk of relapse was not significantly different by donor type, but treatment-related mortality (TRM) (HR 3.31, p<0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR 1.99, p=0.002) were inferior for UCB but not different for HAPLO and MMUD than MUD. In PTCy patients, HAPLO and MMUD were associated with increased grade 3/4 acute GVHD (HR 2.39, p=0.017 and 2.53, p=0.038) and chronic GVHD (HR 1.71 each, p=0.028 and 0.080) than MUD, but other outcomes were not different. HAPLO or MMUD may effectively be used to expedite transplantation when finding MUD is unlikely. NCT03904134.},
}

@article {pmid42264569,
year = {2026},
author = {Fonseca, GA and Triplette, M},
title = {Lung Cancer Screening Guidelines: Moving Beyond Pack-Years for Equity and Efficiency.},
journal = {Chest},
volume = {169},
number = {6},
pages = {1457-1458},
doi = {10.1016/j.chest.2026.02.029},
pmid = {42264569},
issn = {1931-3543},
}

@article {pmid42265107,
year = {2026},
author = {Agrawal, P and Feng, J and Kallur Siddaramaiah, L and Khechaduri, A and Salladay, KR and Hinton, K and Means, M and Rose, JA and Cohen, L and Tian, M and Baboo, S and Diedrich, JK and Reese, T and Kara, D and Yates, JR and Paulson, JC and Alt, FW and Pancera, M and Stamatatos, L},
title = {Diverse germline-targeting HIV Env immunogens select for distinct mutations in the same knock-in mice B cell receptors.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-026-74183-w},
pmid = {42265107},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {P01 AI138212/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AI177095/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {VRC01-class HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies have been isolated from people living with HIV. Their unmutated (germline) forms do not bind Env and do not neutralize HIV. They acquire their broadly neutralizing potentials through the accumulation of specific somatic mutations. Here, we identify key modifications that allow Env-derived proteins from diverse HIV clades to effectively engage germline VRC01-class B cell receptors (BCRs) expressed by naive B cells. Noticeably, these germline-targeting Env proteins interact with VRC01-class BCRs differently depending on the specific Env background. When used as immunogens in a knock-in mouse model, all germline-targeting Envs successfully activate VRC01-class B cells. However, the resulting BCRs accumulate distinct mutations at key positions. Thus, while the same BCRs are initially activated, they follow different maturation pathways depending on the immunogen used. These findings have important implications not only for HIV vaccine design efforts but also for other immunogens aiming to direct specific BCR maturation pathways.},
}

@article {pmid42265755,
year = {2026},
author = {Cheng, HH and Maxwell, KN and Salari, K and Cooperberg, MR and Follmer, K and Jeter, JM and Jun, G and Lee, DJ and Patel, HD and Schaeffer, EM and Sokolova, AO and Wolff, EM and Lin, DW},
title = {The 'Prostate Cancer Screening for People at Genetic Risk of Aggressive Disease' (PATROL) study.},
journal = {BJU international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/bju.70334},
pmid = {42265755},
issn = {1464-410X},
support = {P50CA097186/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; P50CA180995/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; P50CA272390/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; W81XWH-17-2-0043//DOD Prostate Cancer Research Program/ ; W81XWH-22-2-0021//DOD Prostate Cancer Research Program/ ; HT9425-25-1-0498//DOD Prostate Cancer Research Program/ ; HT9425-25-1-0747//DOD Prostate Cancer Research Program/ ; HT9425-25-1-0544//DOD Prostate Cancer Research Program/ ; //The Canary Foundation/ ; //The Basser Center for BRCA/ ; //BRCA Research and Cure Alliance (CureBRCA)/ ; //The Institute for Prostate Cancer Research/ ; //Polsky Urologic Cancer Institute/ ; //Prostate Cancer Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Inherited (germline) pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants (gPVs) in key genes associated with increased risk of prostate cancer (PCa) now warrant more attentive PCa screening per National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines-e.g., BRCA2, HOXB13, ATM, BRCA1, MSH2, MSH6, CHEK2 and TP53. However, the optimal early detection strategy for gPV carriers, including use of age-adjusted PSA thresholds and prostate imaging may be refined. and as a means to investigate novel biomarkers.

STUDY DESIGN: 'Prostate Cancer Screening for People at Genetic Risk of Aggressive Disease' (PATROL) is a multicentre, prospective early detection study for individuals at increased risk for PCa due to carrying a gPV in a PCa risk gene.

ENDPOINTS: The primary endpoint is to determine the positive predictive value of pre-defined age-directed prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level thresholds and prostate-specific imaging, e.g., multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for clinically significant PCa on biopsy for individuals at risk of PCa due to a gPV. Exploratory endpoints include characterising clinicopathological characteristics of PCa and patient-reported outcomes. Biospecimens will be collected to evaluate emerging clinical and research biomarkers.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Key eligibility includes: individuals aged ≥40 years who carry a gPV in an eligible gene, who have no prior diagnosis of PCa, do not have another active malignancy, and provide informed consent. Study procedures include annual physical examination and PSA. Imaging with MRI is optional at baseline and recommended if the PSA level is above the protocol-recommended PSA level threshold. Participants will be offered prostate biopsy for any clinical concern, PSA level >1.0 ng/mL if aged <50 years; PSA level >1.5 ng/mL if aged 50-59 years; PSA level >2.0 ng/mL if aged ≥60 years. If PCa is diagnosed, clinical care is determined by the participant and treating physician. If opting for active surveillance, study procedures will be collected annually for 10 years or until definitive treatment. If definitive treatment, study procedures will be collected for an additional 1 year. Long-term clinical outcomes will be collected annually until the study closes.},
}

@article {pmid42266673,
year = {2026},
author = {Kirtane, K and Niu, J and Blumenschein, G and Massarelli, E and Hanna, GJ and Lee, S and Bishop, MR and Konecny, GE and Mao, D and Zheng, Y and Rodriguez, K and Kim, JJ and Williams, C and Schweitzer, C and Adhikary, S and Jung, AS and Klebanoff, CA},
title = {A phase 1 trial of HPV16 E7 T-cell receptor-engineered T cells in patients with relapsed/refractory HPV16-positive cancers (KITE-439 trial).},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1809354},
pmid = {42266673},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {Patients with relapsed/refractory (r/r) HPV-associated epithelial cancers have a poor prognosis. Engineered T cells expressing a T cell receptor (TCR) specific for HPV16 E7 can induce tumor regression. We conducted a Phase 1 trial of KITE-439, an investigational autologous T-cell product expressing TCR specific for HPV16 E7 in patients with r/r HPV16+ epithelial cancers. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells selected from leukapheresed peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 antibodies followed by retroviral transduction and expansion in the presence of interleukin-7/15 and an AKT inhibitor. Patients received lymphodepleting chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide 30 mg/kg/day for 2 days and fludarabine 25 mg/m[2]/day for 5 days) followed by a single infusion of KITE-439 with daily IL-2 (2.5×10[5] IU/kg, up to 7 doses). The primary objectives were safety, tolerability, and efficacy; the primary endpoint was dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs). Eight HLA-A*02:01+ patients received KITE-439 (1×10[6]-1×10[8] cells/kg). No DLTs occurred during the trial. In all patients, KITE-439 cells were detected in peripheral blood within 7 days post-infusion. Three patients experienced Grade 1-2 cytokine release syndrome related to KITE-439 (resolved within 1-5 days) and 4 had KITE-439-related Grade 1-2 neurologic events (resolved within a day). One patient achieved a partial response (from Day 35 to Month 3) and 7 had a best response of stable disease. These results suggest that KITE-439 has an acceptable safety profile for the treatment of patients with HPV-associated epithelial cancers. Further studies are needed to determine optimal manufacturing conditions and T-cell characteristics required for enhanced antitumor activity.},
}

@article {pmid42268934,
year = {2026},
author = {Guzmán-Solís, AA and Ouizougun-Oubari, M and Escaffre, O and Larsen, BB and Lopez, M and Locklear, S and Kumar, M and Juelich, TL and Smith, JK and Zhang, L and Haas, GD and Roenicke, R and Brambilla, L and Oguntuyo, KY and Patel, AR and Sapse, IA and Bowden, TA and Tortorella, D and Bloom, JD and Freiberg, AN and Bajic, G and Duty, JA and Lee, B},
title = {A cocktail of human mAbs targeting the henipavirus fusion and receptor binding proteins provides cross-species neutralization.},
journal = {Science translational medicine},
volume = {18},
number = {853},
pages = {eadw8573},
doi = {10.1126/scitranslmed.adw8573},
pmid = {42268934},
issn = {1946-6242},
mesh = {Humans ; Animals ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; *Henipavirus/immunology ; *Viral Fusion Proteins/immunology ; *Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology ; Mice ; Neutralization Tests ; Mice, Transgenic ; Cross Reactions/immunology ; *Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; },
abstract = {The Nipah and Hendra viruses (NiV and HeV, respectively) are highly pathogenic, with case fatality rates of 40 to 75%, representing substantial public health threats. Although one monoclonal antibody (mAb), mAb102.4, has advanced through phase 1 clinical trials, there remains a critical need for approved therapeutic options against these henipaviruses (HNVs). Development of human mAbs has been constrained by limited access to convalescent patient samples. Here, we describe human mAbs derived from transgenic humanized mice that cross-neutralize extant NiV and HeV strains by binding to their fusion protein (F) or receptor binding protein (RBP). Deep mutational scanning and functional studies demonstrated that the anti-RBP mAb (8G3) targets the receptor binding site and requires multiple simultaneous mutations for escape. Sequence analysis of our anti-F mAbs identified a clonally expanded VH3-33 family with evidence of somatic hypermutation, yielding high-affinity antibodies. Cryo-electron microscopy revealed that our most potent F antibody (2A1) recognizes a conserved quaternary epitope spanning two protomers in trimeric prefusion NiV-F and stabilized, rather than displaced, a key glycan shield, distinguishing it from previously described antibodies targeting this region. The 8G3 and 2A1 mAbs exhibited additive neutralization when combined and provided complete protection against lethal NiV challenge in hamsters when administered individually or as a cocktail, even when treatment was delayed. Using a pseudovirus system, we show that this dual-targeting approach was resilient against a suite of escape mutants compared with monotherapy. Our findings establish a candidate therapeutic strategy that minimizes development of resistance, providing a foundation for next-generation countermeasures against emerging HNVs.},
}

Humans
Animals
*Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
*Henipavirus/immunology
*Viral Fusion Proteins/immunology
*Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
Mice
Neutralization Tests
Mice, Transgenic
Cross Reactions/immunology
*Receptors, Virus/metabolism
Amino Acid Sequence

@article {pmid42268936,
year = {2026},
author = {Malek, R and Matassoli, F and Gordon, K and Shimberg, GD and Mantus, GE and Spangler, A and Chopde, AJ and Teng, IT and Zhou, T and Lin, BC and Carroll, R and Kazmierski, R and Wang, L and Posavad, CM and Rouphael, NG and Branche, AR and Roberts, PC and Serebryannyy, L and Andrews, SF},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 variant booster vaccination and infection alter the breadth of the memory B cell repertoire.},
journal = {Science translational medicine},
volume = {18},
number = {853},
pages = {eaeb9847},
doi = {10.1126/scitranslmed.aeb9847},
pmid = {42268936},
issn = {1946-6242},
abstract = {Evolving endemic viruses such as influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remain major health threats. Although variant updated vaccines aim to enhance protection, preexisting immunity shapes memory B cell (MBC) responses. To assess how SARS-CoV-2 spike protein variant-based vaccine boosters and infections alter the MBC repertoire, we analyzed MBC responses in the COVAIL vaccine trial, where participants previously vaccinated with SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-1 spike immunogen were boosted with Wuhan-1, variant, or bivalent spike immunogens. Some participants also experienced a subsequent infection with an Omicron variant. We determined that variant vaccine boosters and SARS-CoV-2 infections led to transiently greater recall of cross-reactive MBCs compared with a Wuhan-1 vaccine booster. Long term, we detected little change in the MBC repertoire after an Omicron vaccine booster, but MBCs evaluated several months after Omicron variant infection had higher neutralization capacity to both Wuhan-1 and BA.1 compared with those from individuals who had not experienced an infection. However, these Wuhan-1/BA.1 cross-reactive MBCs from infected individuals displayed less breadth toward the more distant BA.2.86 lineage than MBCs from uninfected individuals. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 variant boosters and infections differentially shape the long-term MBC repertoire.},
}

@article {pmid42269282,
year = {2026},
author = {Gazeau, S and Byrne, C and Coombs, D and Kunzweiler, C and Calheiros, RC and Diaz-Decaro, J and Gantt, S and Craig, M},
title = {Mathematical modelling highlights the crucial role of early childhood immunization in preventing congenital CMV in countries with high CMV seroprevalence.},
journal = {Vaccine},
volume = {88},
number = {},
pages = {128788},
doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128788},
pmid = {42269282},
issn = {1873-2518},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMVi) is a major global health problem and a leading cause of childhood hearing, visual, and intellectual disability. Development of an effective vaccine against CMV is a high priority, and there is optimism that one will be achieved soon. Previous mathematical modelling to predict the impact of CMV vaccination in low CMV seroprevalence, high-income populations indicate that vaccinating infants could be a highly efficient strategy to prevent cCMVi, even with only a modestly effective vaccine (i.e., <50% protective against primary infection). However, whether vaccinating infants is optimal in high CMV seroprevalence settings, where rates of cCMVi are correspondingly higher, is unclear.

METHODS: We adjusted our existing agent-based stochastic model to study CMV vaccine efficacy in high seroprevalence settings (reaching 90%) with Brazil as a test case.

RESULTS: Our results suggest that vaccinating 12-year-old girls and women of childbearing age would have limited ability to reduce cCMVi rates in Brazil, even with a vaccine conferring complete life-long protection against CMV infection. In contrast, vaccinating infants was predicted to provide substantial long-term reductions in the number of cCMVi cases in Brazil, even if it only induced protection equivalent to natural immunity against CMV reinfection and reactivation. Further, our model predicted that if two-thirds of Brazilian infants were vaccinated, a modestly effective vaccine would reduce the number of cCMVi cases by up to 76%.

CONCLUSION: Together with results from other studies, this analysis underscores that infancy is likely the optimal target age for CMV vaccination to prevent cCMVi in all populations, regardless of the CMV seroprevalence. Furthermore, our findings predict large reductions in disease due to cCMVi worldwide through attainable vaccination scenarios.},
}

@article {pmid42270451,
year = {2026},
author = {Schwartz, J and Meehan, K and Cohn, EB and Bacci, JL and Calo, WA and Ko, LK and Shah, PD},
title = {Current practices, opportunities to improve, and behavioral targets related to HPV vaccination in community pharmacies: A qualitative study of pharmacy staff and parents.},
journal = {Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {2685449},
doi = {10.1080/21645515.2026.2685449},
pmid = {42270451},
issn = {2164-554X},
abstract = {Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes 39,300 cancers annually in the United States, yet adolescent vaccination coverage remains suboptimal. Community pharmacies are highly accessible and authorized to vaccinate adolescents but remain underutilized for HPV vaccination. This study examined how current pharmacy vaccination practices align with parent expectations and identified modifiable behavioral and implementation targets to improve uptake. We conducted a qualitative study using key informant interviews with pharmacy staff (n = 11) and parents of adolescents ages 9-17 (n = 13) between February - March 2021. Interview guides were informed by the 5As Behavioral Counseling Framework and Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Data were analyzed using framework-guided rapid content analysis to identify themes related the vaccination workflow stages. Analyses identified 31 current practices and 35 opportunities for improvement across the 5As, as well as 20 behavioral constructs spanning 12 domains. Key gaps identified by pharmacy staff included inconsistent adolescent vaccine assessment, limited proactive recommendations, lack of standardized communication, insufficient documentation and follow-up for hesitancy, and fragmented reminder and scheduling systems. Parents valued convenience and clear, concise recommendations, while staff highlighted workflow and system constraints. Opportunities centered on standardizing assessment and communication, expanding technician roles, implementing proactive prompts and reminders, improving care coordination with primary care providers, and strengthening follow-up processes. Pharmacy-based HPV vaccination can be strengthened through targeted behavioral and workflow changes across the vaccination continuum. These findings provide a theory-informed, practice-ready framework to guide intervention design and evaluation aimed at increasing HPV vaccine uptake and series completion in community pharmacy settings.},
}

@article {pmid42273705,
year = {2026},
author = {Monaco, F and Tran, DT and Sandmaier, BM and Tykodi, SS},
title = {Case Report: donor cell-derived leukemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for metastatic renal cell carcinoma.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1830323},
pmid = {42273705},
issn = {1664-3224},
abstract = {Donor cell-derived leukemia (DCL) is a rare complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), previously described in patients receiving allo-HCT for hematologic malignancies. Allo-HCT has also been investigated as an immunotherapy platform for solid tumors including clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Herein, we describe a unique patient case treated by allo-HCT for RCC who subsequently developed DCL. A 40-year-old man was diagnosed with metastatic clear cell RCC treated surgically by left nephrectomy plus metastasectomy of a rib lesion. He was referred to the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center and treated by allo-HCT as part of a clinical trial (NCT00005851). His initial allograft following fludarabine/2 Gy total body irradiation (TBI) conditioning was complicated by graft failure. After collecting a G-CSF-mobilized autologous hematopoietic stem cell product as a failsafe for repeated graft failure, he was re-transplanted from the same donor following cyclophosphamide/antithymocyte globulin (ATG) conditioning, resulting in successful engraftment. Fourteen months later, he developed donor origin acute myelomonocytic leukemia with central nervous system (CNS) involvement. He was treated by 7 + 3 induction with intrathecal methotrexate and was able to achieve complete remission. He subsequently underwent autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (auto-HCT) without further leukemia relapse. Unfortunately, 4 years after his auto-HCT, he developed recurrent RCC, initially managed by surgical resections. Upon further progression, he was then treated with sequential lines of systemic therapy that included pazopanib, nivolumab, cabozantinib, and lenvatinib/everolimus. He died from complications of his RCC 17 years after his second successful allograft. The absence of pre-transplant systemic therapies for the patient's metastatic RCC and ongoing good health of the donor implicates a leukemogenic potential of his transplant-associated therapies including TBI, cyclophosphamide, and ATG. His uncommonly long survival from metastatic RCC suggests clinical benefit was derived from the 14-month duration of allo-HCT associated with T-cell allo-immunity previously shown capable of targeting RCC-associated minor histocompatibility antigens.},
}

@article {pmid42124731,
year = {2026},
author = {Harari, S and Eguia, RT and Dadonaite, B and Radford, CE and Stewart, C and Veesler, D and Bloom, JD},
title = {Mutations to the HCoV-229E spike have counterbalancing effects on serum antibody neutralization and receptor binding.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42124731},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) is an endemic pathogen that causes repeated "common-cold" infections throughout life. Like other coronaviruses, it accumulates spike mutations that erode antibody immunity and enable reinfection. Here, we use pseudovirus deep mutational scanning to measure how mutations to the HCoV-229E spike affect its cell entry function, binding to its human APN receptor, and neutralization by human sera with a range of sensitivities to erosion by viral evolution. We find that both receptor binding and serum neutralization are affected by mutations across spike, including many that modulate these properties by affecting the balance of up versus down conformations of the spike receptor-binding domain (RBD). In particular, some mutations increase both receptor binding and serum neutralization by shifting the RBD to a more up conformation, suggesting that the HCoV-229E spike has evolved to shield key RBD neutralizing epitopes at the cost of less efficient receptor binding.},
}

@article {pmid42256204,
year = {2026},
author = {Yang, Y and Ronsley, R and Kilburn, L and Kim, A and Wechsler-Reya, RJ and Yang, ZJ},
title = {Differentiation-inducing triiodothyronine enhances chemotherapy and suppresses post-treatment tumor regrowth in medulloblastoma.},
journal = {Molecular therapy. Oncology},
volume = {34},
number = {2},
pages = {201235},
pmid = {42256204},
issn = {2950-3299},
abstract = {Medulloblastoma (MB), the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, is treated with intensive multimodal regimens that cause substantial long-term toxicity and fail to prevent recurrence in up to 30% of patients. We investigated triiodothyronine (T3), an FDA-approved thyroid hormone, as a differentiation-based therapeutic strategy for MB. Using a Sonic Hedgehog (SHH)-driven mouse model, two patient-derived xenografts (SHH and group 3), and drug-resistant TP53-mutant MB cells, we found that T3 and cytotoxic chemotherapy suppress tumor growth through complementary biological mechanisms: T3 promotes terminal differentiation of tumor cells, whereas cyclophosphamide (CTX) and irinotecan (CPT-11) induce caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. In vitro, T3 enhanced the tumor inhibitory effects of CTX and CPT-11, suppressed proliferation in chemotherapy-resistant cells, and promoted differentiation across MB subgroups. In vivo, sequential administration of T3 following chemotherapy suppressed post-treatment tumor regrowth and prolonged survival without increasing systemic toxicity. T3-induced transient tachycardia was effectively controlled with propranolol without compromising antitumor activity. Together, these findings support the potential of T3 as a clinically accessible differentiation-based therapy that enhances chemotherapy responses and suppresses post-treatment tumor regrowth in medulloblastoma.},
}

@article {pmid42256618,
year = {2026},
author = {Zane, GK and Dimitrov, D and Levin, CE and Khosropour, CM and Duerr, A},
title = {Evaluating the potential health and economic impacts of chlamydia vaccination strategies in the United States: a mathematical modeling and cost-effectiveness simulation study.},
journal = {Lancet regional health. Americas},
volume = {60},
number = {},
pages = {101502},
pmid = {42256618},
issn = {2667-193X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydia) is the most commonly reported sexually transmitted infection in the United States (US), causing substantial morbidity and costs despite effective treatment. Vaccination may be a promising prevention strategy, but its national epidemiologic and economic impact remains understudied.

METHODS: We developed an age- and sex-structured compartmental model of heterosexual chlamydia transmission among US individuals aged 15-64 years from 2000 to 2075. The model was calibrated to adjusted annual chlamydia cases and validated against national prevalence data. We simulated routine vaccination of adolescent females or both sexes beginning in 2025, with or without a one-time catch-up campaign for unvaccinated females aged 15-24 years in 2035. Outcomes included chlamydia incidence rates, infections and sequelae averted by 2075, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios through 2050.

FINDINGS: Without vaccination, incidence rates were projected to rise from 16.9 to 18.7 infections per 1000 person-years between 2025 and 2075. Under base-case assumptions (50% coverage, 70% efficacy, 10-year protection), incidence rates declined to 4.0 and 0.4 per 1000 person-years under female-only and sex-neutral vaccination, respectively. By 2075, female-only and sex-neutral vaccination reduced infections by 37.4% and 52.3%, respectively. Catch-up vaccination provided modest additional benefit. All strategies were cost-saving; sex-neutral vaccination yielded 145,943 additional quality-adjusted life years and $354 million in savings versus female-only vaccination by 2050. Results were robust across sensitivity analyses.

INTERPRETATION: Chlamydia vaccination could substantially reduce infections and sequelae in the US and is likely to be cost-saving or highly cost-effective across plausible scenarios.

FUNDING: This work was primarily supported by the National Institutes of Health (1F31AI181431-01A1).},
}

@article {pmid42258320,
year = {2026},
author = {Kleeman, SO and Riazat-Kesh, Y and Carvajal, R and Marmarelis, ME and Schadendorf, D and Sharon, E and Othus, M and Robert, C and Skoulidis, F and Izar, B and Maki, RG and Janowitz, T},
title = {Cancer chemo-immunotherapy: time will tell.},
journal = {Cancer immunology research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-26-0335},
pmid = {42258320},
issn = {2326-6074},
abstract = {Endogenous circadian programs coordinate physiology across tissues, including immune cell trafficking and drug metabolism. Previous retrospective studies suggested that the timing of immune checkpoint inhibitor delivery may be a modifiable determinant of survival in patients with cancer, with earlier infusions often associated with improved outcomes. Recently, the prospective randomized phase 3 LungTIME-C01 trial reported that earlier time-of-day (before 3pm) administration of chemo-immunotherapy nearly doubled progression-free survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. In this commentary, we examine the trial's clinical design and execution, including protocol amendments and safety reporting that warrant clarification. We consider the mechanistic interpretation of the results, highlighting that the observed effects may reflect contributions from cytotoxic chronopharmacology, circadian immune regulation, and healthcare delivery factors rather than immunotherapy timing alone. We outline implications for future trial design, including factorial approaches to disentangle the timing of immunotherapy from chemotherapy and the need for multicenter validation before scheduling recommendations are widely adopted.},
}

@article {pmid42258780,
year = {2026},
author = {Unger, JM},
title = {Psychosocial Predictors of Shared Decision Making Among US Cancer Survivors.},
journal = {JCO oncology practice},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {OP2501143},
doi = {10.1200/OP-25-01143},
pmid = {42258780},
issn = {2688-1535},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Cancer survivors, who have unique health care needs, are projected to number nearly 19 million by 2025, over 5% of the US population. Shared decision making (SDM) between patients and providers is vital for patient-centered care. This study evaluated whether demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, geographic, health, health information, and psychosocial factors predict the risk of cancer survivors not engaging in SDM.

METHODS: Data from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) from 2012 to 2024 were used. Participants included adults diagnosed with cancer within the past 20 years who had one or more health care visits in the past year. SDM was measured on a four-point scale by a question about involvement in health care decisions, with dichotomization (always v usually/sometimes/never) aligned with Healthy People 2030 objectives. Forty-two variables were analyzed, and a risk prediction model was developed using 60% of the participants and validated with the remaining 40%.

RESULTS: The study included 3,622 participants, predominantly older than 65 years (61.5%), with 54.8% being women and 12.9% Black. A model with four variables (distrust of health care providers, distrust of family, anxiety/depression, and fair/poor perceived health) was associated with lower SDM engagement in the training set and was confirmed in the validation set. For each increase in the quartile level of adverse risks, there was a 23% reduction in the odds of SDM. The odds of experiencing SDM were 56% lower for those with 3-4 risk factors than for those with 0 risk factors.

CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that screening for psychosocial vulnerability may help identify cancer survivors who could benefit from targeted strategies to support SDM in clinical care.},
}

@article {pmid42260942,
year = {2026},
author = {Fathima, S and Wong, MM and Gonzalez-Lugo, J and Geyer, SM and Alsugair, A and Sirenko, M and Langer, KJ and Lasho, TL and Finke, C and Choi, J and Abdul-Hay, M and Ho, G and Litzow, MR and Matin, A and Durani, U and Hefazi, M and Hogan, WJ and Shah, MV and Al-Kali, A and Begna, KH and Gangat, N and Saliba, AN and Go, RS and Kewan, T and Bartoo, G and Kutzke, J and McCullough, K and Warrington, KJ and Sullivan, M and Reichard, KK and Olteanu, H and Murthy, H and Badar, T and Kusne, Y and Palmer, J and Chhabra, S and Punwani, N and Riwes, M and McGuirk, JP and Krakow, EF and Langston, A and Kourelis, T and Dingli, D and Foran, J and Koster, MJ and Patnaik, MM and Beck, DB and Alkhateeb, HB and Mangaonkar, AA},
title = {Therapeutic Outcomes in VEXAS Syndrome: A Multicenter Comparative Cohort of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Hypomethylating Agents.},
journal = {American journal of hematology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ajh.70401},
pmid = {42260942},
issn = {1096-8652},
support = {Arnold and Kit Palmer Career Award in Cancer Research//Mayo Clinic Center for Clinical and Translational Science/ ; CSDG-23-1020347-01-IBCD//American Cancer Society/ ; },
abstract = {Hypomethylating agents (HMA) and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) have both demonstrated remissions in VEXAS; however, comparative data is lacking. We conducted a multicenter, retrospective analysis of 66 patients diagnosed with VEXAS syndrome treated with HMA (n = 35) or alloHSCT (n = 31). Baseline characteristics such as genetics, co-morbidities, and performance status were balanced between the groups, except older age in the HMA group. Median follow-up from therapy initiation was 18 months (95% CI: 11-26), and 14 (21%) deaths were reported (alloHSCT n = 3; HMA n = 11). Among all evaluable patients within the alloHSCT cohort, all patients achieved molecular remission, and a substantial proportion of patients discontinued glucocorticoids (58%). In contrast, HMA therapy was associated with lower but meaningful rates of molecular remission (22%) and glucocorticoid discontinuation (6%). In a real-world setting, HMA therapy was associated with a high discontinuation rate related to toxicity or lack of response. On multivariable analysis adjusted for age and Charlson Comorbidity Index, alloHSCT was associated with improved overall survival (HR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.05-0.81; p = 0.024). This association remained consistent across multiple ancillary sensitivity analyses, including restriction to transplant-eligible patients, patients aged ≤ 75 years, 1:1 matching, and propensity score-based weighted analyses. Although limited by retrospective design, these findings suggest that alloHSCT remains an attractive and potentially curative strategy in selected patients with VEXAS. Prospective validation of these findings is warranted.},
}

@article {pmid42262514,
year = {2026},
author = {Chlebowski, RT and Rapp, S and Aragaki, AK and Manson, JE and Pan, K and Neuhouser, ML and Johnson, KC and Snetselaar, LG and Henderson, VW and Qi, L and Hayden, KM and Baker, LD and Garcia, O and Pichardo, MD and Wactawski-Wende, J and Prentice, RL},
title = {Low-fat dietary pattern and dementia mortality: a secondary analysis of the Women's Health Initiative dietary modification randomized clinical trial with long-term follow-up.},
journal = {Menopause (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42262514},
issn = {1530-0374},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: In the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Dietary Modification (DM) randomized trial, the dietary intervention significantly reduced breast cancer mortality and, in a subgroup of women 65 years old or above, significantly lowered possible cognitive impairment based on Modified Mini-State Examination (3MSE) scores. Based on this background, we examined the dietary intervention association with long-term dementia mortality.

METHODS: The WHI DM clinical trial randomized 48,835 postmenopausal US women, aged 50-79 years, with dietary fat intake ≥32% of energy and anticipated ≥3-year survival. Cognitive function was not an eligibility criterion. Randomization was to a low-fat dietary pattern intervention (40%; n=19,541) with goals to reduce fat intake and increase fruit, vegetable, and grain intake or a usual diet comparison (60%; n=29,294). All dietary targets were significantly reduced. Mortality findings were confirmed by central medical record review enhanced by serial National Death Index findings. Dementia mortality was examined after an 8.5-year (median) dietary intervention and 20-year cumulative follow-up.

RESULTS: Dietary intervention did not influence dementia mortality (n=1,386) (HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.85-1.05), with similar findings for Alzheimer (HR: 1.00, 95% CI 0.85-1.17) and non-Alzheimer dementia mortality (HR: 0.90, 95% CI 0.77-1.05). Of 13 subgroup analyses, with dietary intervention, there was a trend for lower dementia mortality in younger women (50-59 y, HR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.44-1.21; 60-69 y, HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.72-1.01; 70-79 y, HR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.91-1.23; P-trend 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS: A low-fat eating pattern did not reduce dementia mortality in postmenopausal women.},
}

@article {pmid42262918,
year = {2026},
author = {Topalidou, I},
title = {A second life.},
journal = {Genetics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/genetics/iyag116},
pmid = {42262918},
issn = {1943-2631},
abstract = {The Genetics Society of America Mentorship Award recognizes members of the scientific community for exceptional mentoring of geneticists at any career stage. Irini Topalidou is the inaugural recipient in the nonfaculty category, honored for her outstanding contributions to mentoring within the C. elegans community and beyond. She has mentored numerous trainees who have gone on to pursue graduate and medical degrees, postdoctoral or faculty positions, and careers in biotech. The award further acknowledges her published work on STEM education and career choice, as well as her commitment to understanding and addressing trainee challenges and to improving mentorship practices. In the essay below, Irini reflects on her journey as an immigrant in the United States and how these experiences have shaped her life, career, and approach to mentorship. She also highlights how recent scientific and cultural shifts are challenging the principles of openness, diversity, and discovery in the United States, placing one of its greatest strengths at risk.},
}

@article {pmid42250885,
year = {2026},
author = {Naumova, AV and Nakamura, K and Marchiano, S and Neidig, LE and Blakely, LP and Tsuchida, H and Murry, CE and Kerwin, WS},
title = {Circumferential Strain Recovery After Human Cardiomyocyte Transplantation in Minipigs Using a Novel Frequency-Based Method for Myocardial Tagging Quantification.},
journal = {Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {102756},
doi = {10.1016/j.jocmr.2026.102756},
pmid = {42250885},
issn = {1532-429X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Transplantation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) is promising new method for heart remuscularization after infarction. We hypothesized that hPSC-CMs affect heart function by improving local contractility in the infarcted zones. However, there is a need for a precise non-invasive assessment of regional contractile function in the infarcted segments.

METHODS: We describe here a novel approach for rapid and robust quantification of myocardial end-systolic circumferential strain (CS). Linear tags are placed in 60-degree pattern offsets and analyzed via optimized post-processing based on local Fourier transformation of standardized American Heart Association (AHA) myocardial segmentation. This method has been implemented for the first time to evaluate transendocardial hPSC-CMs transplantation in a minipig model of myocardial infarction. Validation of the new frequency-based calculation of myocardial strain was done using two independent approaches: (1) a tag tracking, and (2) feature tracking technique.

RESULTS: In the cell-treated hearts (n=4), mean end-systolic CS in the infarcted segments (anterior and anteroseptal areas combined) at the mid-wall region decreased from -6.69 ± 1.56% (pre-MI) to -1.13 ± 1.96% at 2 weeks post-MI (pre-treatment), with subsequent improvement to -4.00 ± 0.76% by 8 weeks after cell transplantation. Conversely, CS in the infarcted segments in vehicle-control group (n=5) decreased from -5.18 ± 0.97% (pre-MI) to -1.39 ± 1.23% at 2 weeks post-MI and worsened further to 0.33 ± 1.93% by 8 weeks post-vehicle. There was no improvement in the global ejection fraction in the cell-treated group in comparison with control. It was a high correlation of the new method of myocardial strain calculation with the standard tag tracking approach and feature tracking strain analysis across the experimental conditions (normal heart, infarcted, cell/vehicle treated).

CONCLUSIONS: A novel frequency-based technique for assessment of local circumferential strain does not require specialized acquisition protocols, access to k-space data, nor highly optimized reconstruction algorithms or commercial software. It can quickly and precisely assess regional myocardial injury and recovery. Our findings support our hypothesis that transplantation of hPSC-CMs improves regional myocardial strain in infarcted minipig hearts.},
}

@article {pmid42252893,
year = {2026},
author = {Mahla, RS},
title = {Identifying Antigen-Specific Autoreactive B Cells in Sjögren's Disease: Methodological Challenges and Emerging Strategies.},
journal = {International journal of rheumatic diseases},
volume = {29},
number = {6},
pages = {e70728},
doi = {10.1111/1756-185x.70728},
pmid = {42252893},
issn = {1756-185X},
}

@article {pmid42255261,
year = {2026},
author = {Morris, SM and Pilat, K and Girard, EJ and Noll, A and Ang, LS and Price, J and Mhyre, AJ and Correnti, CE and Bandaranayake, AD and Mehlin, C and Clarke, M and Brasel, K and Muthuraman, P and Crook, ZR and Cole, B and Hylkema, TA and Le, Q and Meshinchi, S and Olson, JM},
title = {Fully human anti-FOLR1 T-cell engager demonstrates potent activity in CBFA2T3::GLIS2 acute megakaryoblastic leukemia.},
journal = {Blood neoplasia},
volume = {3},
number = {3},
pages = {100232},
pmid = {42255261},
issn = {2950-3280},
}

@article {pmid42079255,
year = {2026},
author = {Pravica, M and Franić, D and Bazdan, M and Guzalić, D and Bedalov, A and Boban, M},
title = {Proteasome-dependent degradation and nucleus-vacuole junctions sustain proteostasis during acute glucose starvation.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.64898/2026.04.22.720209},
pmid = {42079255},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {How protein quality control is maintained during acute metabolic stress remains poorly understood. In budding yeast, abrupt glucose depletion rapidly lowers ATP levels and leads to the formation of chaperone-containing inclusions, suggesting that ATP-dependent degradation of misfolded proteins may be compromised when energy becomes limiting. Here we find that selective degradation of misfolded proteins remains active during acute glucose starvation despite reduced cellular ATP levels. Using model misfolded substrates in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we show that misfolded proteins continue to be efficiently degraded throughout both early and late phases of acute glucose depletion. This degradation requires the proteasome and depends on its functional 19S regulatory particle, indicating that ATP-dependent proteasomal activity persists during metabolic stress. We further find that nucleus-vacuole junctions (NVJs) promote efficient degradation during prolonged glucose starvation, revealing a role for organelle contact sites in supporting proteostasis under energy limitation. Together, these findings indicate that cells preserve proteasome-mediated proteostasis during acute glucose starvation, while NVJ membrane contact sites help sustain degradation capacity when metabolic resources are scarce.},
}

@article {pmid42146360,
year = {2026},
author = {Nemani, K and Jaycox, JR and Akcan, U and Schuman, BM and Yeon, SM and Harano, N and Qin, K and Notestine, AA and Carroll, SM and McKenzie, BS and Furchtgott, L and Lahti, AC and Tsien, RW and Agalliu, D and Goff, DC and Ring, AM},
title = {High prevalence of CNS-directed autoantibodies in patients with schizophrenia.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42146360},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder whose etiology and biological heterogeneity remain poorly understood. Immune dysregulation has long been implicated, but the breadth and clinical significance of autoantibody responses remain unclear beyond rare individual examples. Here we use Rapid Extracellular Antigen Profiling-a proteome-scale assay for autoantibodies against extracellular and secreted proteins-to profile 352 individuals with schizophrenia and 971 community controls. We find that schizophrenia is marked by a striking elevation in extracellular autoantibody burden, present near disease onset, and approaching nearly twice control levels in the most severely ill patients. This burden increases with age in a pattern that diverges from controls and targets central nervous system antigens, including neuroactive receptors, neuronal ion channels, proteins involved in synaptic function, and blood-brain barrier integrity. Autoantibodies against blood-brain barrier antigens impair barrier function ex vivo and are associated with broader central nervous system autoreactivity, supporting a model in which barrier disruption promotes loss of tolerance to brain antigens. At the clinical level, higher baseline autoantibody burden predicts reduced responsiveness to the antipsychotic risperidone, suggesting that autoantibodies contribute to treatment resistance. Together, these findings identify humoral autoimmunity as a pervasive component of schizophrenia and imply that therapies that reset humoral immunity or reduce autoantibody burden may benefit patients beyond those with currently recognized antibody-mediated syndromes.},
}

@article {pmid42182320,
year = {2026},
author = {Deneke, VE and Suwita, JP and Wang, H and Tonai, S and Lu, Y and Panser, K and Schleiffer, A and Hollis, JA and Novatchkova, M and Dürnberger, G and Stejskal, K and Krssakova, G and Blaha, A and Andresan, AAR and Mirus, M and Marvanova, H and Chang, HY and Noda, T and Burga, A and Roitinger, E and Ikawa, M and Pauli, A},
title = {The SPARK complex forms the molecular basis of vertebrate fertilization.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42182320},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Fertilization requires gamete recognition and membrane fusion, yet the molecular basis of this process in vertebrates remains unknown. Here we identify SPARK (sperm protein assembly and receptor-binding key), a conserved multi-protein complex that integrates all known sperm fertilization factors, including TMEM81-IZUMO1-SPACA6 and DCST1/2, together with two newly identified components, TMDD1 and FAM187A. SPARK subunits are mutually dependent for stability in mature sperm, and disruption of any single component causes male sterility in zebrafish and mice. Incubating zebrafish sperm with soluble egg receptor Bouncer partially rescues fertilization of Bouncer-deficient eggs in a SPARK-dependent manner, consistent with egg receptor binding priming the complex for fusion. Thus, we propose SPARK as a conserved molecular machine that couples gamete recognition to membrane fusion.},
}

@article {pmid42244105,
year = {2026},
author = {Misono, S and Fann, JR and Osazuwa-Peters, N and Marmor, S},
title = {Mental Health and Survival in Medicare Beneficiaries With Lung and Head and Neck Cancer.},
journal = {Psycho-oncology},
volume = {35},
number = {6},
pages = {e70510},
pmid = {42244105},
issn = {1099-1611},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mental health (MH) conditions can significantly influence cancer outcomes, yet associations with survival and potential impacts of MH care utilization remain underexplored.

AIMS: Examine associations between (1) MH diagnoses and (2) MH utilization and survival among Medicare beneficiaries with lung or head and neck (HN) cancers.

METHODS: Patients diagnosed with lung or HN cancers between 2004 and 2018 were stratified by MH diagnosis status in the two years prior to cancer diagnosis. We examined factors associated with MH diagnosis and MH services and evaluated overall and cancer specific survival analyses using Kaplan-Meier survival analyses and multivariable Cox regressions.

RESULTS: 19% of patients with a lung cancer diagnosis (n = 333,875) and 15% of HN patients (n = 39,253) received a MH diagnosis within two years before cancer diagnosis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated significantly worse survival among patients with a MH diagnosis and higher rates of survival among those receiving MH services. Among individuals with a MH diagnosis, the mortality hazard for individuals that received MH services was lower compared to those who did not receive MH services, in both HN and Lung cancer.

CONCLUSIONS: MH conditions were common in people with lung and HN cancers and associated with worse overall and cancer-specific survival for head and neck cancer. Among those with MH diagnoses, receipt of MH services was associated with lower hazard of death, highlighting the need for early identification of this at-risk population and integration of MH care into oncology care.},
}

@article {pmid42244233,
year = {2026},
author = {Okello, P and Thuo, N and Roche, SD and Saravis, AL and Mwai, D and Naik, P and Kiptinness, C and Kareithi, T and Mugambi, ML and Sharma, M and Ngure, K and Ortbald, KF},
title = {Qualitative Insights on Client and Provider Barriers and Facilitators to Using a Novel Online HIV Pre- and Post-Exposure Delivery Model in Kenya.},
journal = {Journal of the International AIDS Society},
volume = {29},
number = {6},
pages = {e70133},
pmid = {42244233},
issn = {1758-2652},
support = {INV-037646/GATES/Gates Foundation/United States ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Online delivery of HIV pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP and PEP) could address persistent access barriers, yet implementation across Africa remains limited. The ePrEP Kenya Pilot (NCT05377138) integrated PrEP and PEP services into an existing e-pharmacy platform and identified client- and provider-level barriers and facilitators to use.

METHODS: In the pilot, clinicians screened adults (age 18+) in Nairobi and Mombasa Counties for PrEP and PEP eligibility via telehealth; pharmaceutical technologists courier-delivered HIV testing services (including self-testing) and dispensed PrEP or PEP to eligible clients who paid 150-250 KES (∼$1-2 USD) for HIV testing, ≤149 KES (∼$1 USD) for courier delivery and nothing for telehealth consultation or PrEP/PEP drugs. We conducted monthly check-in calls with providers and, near study endline, in-depth interviews (IDIs) with purposively sampled clients and all providers. We analysed verbatim call transcripts and IDIs inductively, then mapped identified barriers and facilitators to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).

RESULTS: From February to November 2023, we conducted 10 check-in calls and interviewed 30 clients (10 PEP, 10 PrEP with 1+ refill, 10 PrEP with no refills) and 10 providers (4 clinicians, 6 pharm techs). Clients had a median age of 27 years (IQR 25-30) and providers 28 years (IQR 27-31); 53% (16/30) of clients and 30% (3/10) of providers were female. In the Outer Setting CFIR domain, providers identified motorcycle manoeuvrability as a delivery facilitator but noted that traffic, poor road infrastructure, bad weather and personal safety concerns posed challenges. In the Inner Setting domain, providers identified information-sharing practices and collegiality as facilitators. In the Individuals domain, clients' capability, opportunity and motivation to use online PrEP/PEP services was reportedly facilitated by app-guided HIV self-testing, broad delivery zones and enhanced privacy, but hindered by low awareness of these services, limited access to internet-enabled devices, data security concerns and uncertainties around couriers' pharmacy credentials. Recommendations included reducing client costs, expanding delivery coverage and hours, and offering alternative delivery options (e.g. medication pick-up lockers).

CONCLUSIONS: Online PrEP and PEP delivery is a promising differentiated service model, especially if partially subsidized by third-party payers. Implementation success will require model adaptations that address logistical, infrastructural and awareness barriers.},
}

@article {pmid42244408,
year = {2026},
author = {Loroña, NC and LaBrie, S and Thomas, CE and Yin, H and Huyghe, JR and Qu, C and Thomas, S and Nayemi, S and Ammar, H and Kahsai, O and Hsu, L and Curtis, KR and Koehne, A and Redwood, DG and Li, L and Li, CI and Peters, U and Thomas, TK and Phipps, AI and Figueiredo, JC and Hullar, M},
title = {Site- and age-dependent associations between Fusobacterium nucleatum and colorectal cancer mortality.},
journal = {Cancer},
volume = {132},
number = {12},
pages = {e70484},
doi = {10.1002/cncr.70484},
pmid = {42244408},
issn = {1097-0142},
support = {S10OD028685//Office of Research Infrastructure Programs, National Institutes of Health/ ; //GSF/ ; SR-202221337//M.J. Murdock Charitable Trust/ ; //V Foundation for Cancer Research/ ; P20CA252733/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; P30 CA015704/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; P50CA285275/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R01CA155101/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R01CA238087/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R01CA248931/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R01CA280639/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R01CA284732/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; T32CA094880/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; U01CA290673/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) is a bacterium typically found in the human oral cavity that has been implicated in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC).

OBJECTIVE: This study examines the association between prevalence of Fn in tumor tissue and CRC-specific mortality in a heterogeneous United States population.

METHODS: The present study includes 233 participants with stage I-III CRC who died of CRC, matched to 458 participants with CRC who did not die from their disease, within the Translational Research Program in Cancer Differences across Populations. Genomic DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue samples. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the prevalence of Fn. The authors fit logistic regression models for the association between Fn positivity and CRC-specific mortality, adjusting for age, year of diagnosis, sex, stage, tumor site, population group, and tumor macrodissection status.

RESULTS: Presence of Fn in CRC tumor tissue was associated with 79% greater odds (95% CI, 1.20-2.67) of CRC-specific mortality. This association was more pronounced in participants with rectal (odds ratio [OR], 7.73; 95% CI, 2.13-34.79) than proximal colon (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.65-2.08) or distal colon tumors (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 0.74-3.04, p value for interaction = .023), and more pronounced with respect to early-onset (age <50 years; OR, 10.30; 95% CI, 2.09-70.53) than later-onset CRC (age ≥50 years; OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 0.98-2.33, p value for interaction = .010).

CONCLUSIONS: These findings support an association between presence of Fn in CRC tumor tissue and CRC-specific mortality, particularly for rectal tumors and early-onset CRC, in a heterogeneous population.},
}

@article {pmid42245734,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, JS and Ng, JCK and Hermida de Viveiros, P and Al-Marayaty, R and Al Akoum, N and Shinglot, H and Jing, W and Vizcaino, V and Alexiev, BA and Cranmer, LD and Loggers, ET and Abrams, H and Wagner, MJ and Pillarisetty, VG and Kim, EY and Pierce, RH and Berglund, P and Jones, RL and Lu, H and Ter Meulen, J and Pollack, SM and Seo, YD},
title = {Intratumoral TLR4 agonist therapy elicits antigen-specific T cell clonal expansion in metastatic leiomyosarcoma: a case series.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1829331},
pmid = {42245734},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {Metastatic soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are a heterogeneous group of rare mesenchymal tumors whose treatment options are limited. Our group has been interested in utilizing the synthetic toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist, glycopyranosyl lipid A in stable-emulsion formulation (GLA-SE), in patients with advanced STSs. Here, we report a case series of three patients with metastatic leiomyosarcoma who had superficial lesions amenable to intratumoral (IT) injection. We explored the safety, tolerability, and immunologic effects of IT GLA-SE given at 20 μg weekly for 12 weeks, both alone and in combination with radiotherapy. In this small case series, treatment was well tolerated, with no serious adverse events observed. Clinically, although no patient had significant tumor shrinkage, two had notable stability in their target lesions despite systemic disease progression. Immunologically, IT GLA-SE induced a clonal expansion of T cells intratumorally in one patient and in peripheral blood in another, suggesting an antitumor effect both at the site of injection and systemically. Moreover, GLA-SE elicited clonal expansion of systemic T cells targeting a well-known immunogenic cancer antigen, NY-ESO-1. The augmented expression of T cells targeting NY-ESO-1 in the systemic circulation of our patient following IT-GLA-SE warrants further investigation, given the promising role of NY-ESO-1 in current and future T-cell based immunotherapies. Together, these findings demonstrate the potential of IT GLA-SE to elicit antigen-specific T cell clonal expansion as a component of immunotherapeutic strategies to combat metastatic STSs. Expanded studies are needed to explore the clinical and immunologic effects of IT GLA-SE, particularly in combination with other immunotherapies.},
}

@article {pmid42248140,
year = {2026},
author = {DeWitt, WS and Vora, AA and Araki, T and Galloway, JG and Alkutkar, T and Bortolatto, J and Castro, TBR and Dumm, W and Jennings-Shaffer, C and Jia, T and Mesin, L and Ozorowski, G and Pae, J and Ralph, DK and Bloom, JD and Nourmohammad, A and Song, YS and Ward, AB and Starr, TN and Matsen, FA and Victora, GD},
title = {Replaying germinal center evolution on a quantified affinity landscape.},
journal = {Cell},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2026.05.013},
pmid = {42248140},
issn = {1097-4172},
abstract = {Darwinian evolution of immunoglobulin genes within germinal centers (GCs) underlies the progressive increase in antibody affinity following antigen exposure. Whereas the cellular mechanics of how competition between B cells increases affinity are well established, the evolutionary dynamics of this process are less clear. We developed an experimental evolution model in which we "replay" over one hundred monoclonal GC reactions, assigning affinities to each cell using deep mutational scanning. Our data reveal how GCs achieve predictable outcomes by means of noisy but persistent selection on an affinity landscape whose exploration is heavily constrained by somatic hypermutation biases. We infer a fitness landscape that quantitatively recapitulates the affinity maturation trajectory of our clone and find that apparent features of GC selection, such as permissiveness to low-affinity lineages and rapid plateauing of affinity, are likely artifacts of survivorship biases that distort our view of how B cell affinity progresses over time.},
}

@article {pmid42249080,
year = {2026},
author = {Budillon, A and Lemmers, RJLF and Tapscott, SJ and van der Maarel, SM},
title = {The emergence and diversification of the DUX gene family across placental mammals.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s42003-026-10442-2},
pmid = {42249080},
issn = {2399-3642},
support = {R01AR045203//Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Inc.)/ ; },
abstract = {The DUX gene family encodes transcription factors with paired homeodomains. It has critical roles in embryogenesis and disease, including facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) and cancer. This study conducts a comparative analysis of the DUX gene family-DUXA, DUXB (including DUXBL), and DUXC (including DUX4 and Dux)-across placental mammals, highlighting their structural diversity within macrosatellite repeat contexts. Using long-read genomes, we explore gene distribution, array patterns, and phylogenetic relationships in various vertebrate species. Our analysis reveals that DUXA and DUXB are highly conserved, with intriguing variations such as intronless forms likely arising from ancestral retrotransposition events. While DUXBL is inconsistently retained across clades, its locus-which in non-placental mammals harbors the ancestral single-homeodomain sDUX gene-served as an evolutionary hub for diversification, giving rise to DUXA, DUXB and DUXC, as well as macrosatellite tandem array structures. Sequence conservation and syntenic analyses demonstrate array adaptability, exemplified by higher-order repeats in orangutans and disrupted patterns of concerted evolution in elephants. Furthermore, analysis of human pseudo-DUX4 arrays indicates their potential role in disease mechanisms, including as possible contributors to rare cases of FSHD, warranting further investigation. This study thus provides insights into DUX-family gene evolution, offering a foundation for future research into developmental roles and disease implications.},
}

@article {pmid42243439,
year = {2026},
author = {Chestnut, C and McKoy, T and Westphalen, AC and Lin, DW and Nyame, YA},
title = {The clinical utility of prostate MRI before biopsy.},
journal = {Nature reviews. Urology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42243439},
issn = {1759-4820},
abstract = {Approximately 1 in 8 men are diagnosed with prostate cancer during their lifetime. However, long-term data have shown that as many as half of diagnosed prostate cancers have low lethal potential. Early detection of prostate cancer relying on PSA alone is associated with potential harm to patients owing to false-positive results, prostate biopsy-related complications and over-detection and over-treatment of low-risk cancers. Multiparametric MRI offers an adjunctive strategy for improving the diagnostic yield of prostate biopsy and also for potentially reducing the need for biopsy in selected patients. Prostate MRI can increase the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer through targeted biopsy, especially in patients with a previous negative biopsy who did not undergo initial imaging. Prostate MRI improves clinically significant cancer detection, potentially reducing biopsy burden in patients on active surveillance.},
}

@article {pmid42241708,
year = {2026},
author = {Meyer, LK and Ryan, K and Panetta, JC and Crews, KR and Albeituni, S and Degar, BA and Hermiston, ML and Talano, JM and Torno, LL and Zambidis, ET and Trone, DJ and Sabin, ND and Maron, G and Flerlage, T and Thomas, PG and Cheng, C and Campbell, PK and Nichols, KE and Hines, MR},
title = {HLHRUXO: A prospective trial of a ruxolitinib-containing regimen for children with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.},
journal = {Blood advances},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1182/bloodadvances.2026020265},
pmid = {42241708},
issn = {2473-9537},
abstract = {Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a severe hyperinflammatory syndrome characterized by excessive immune cell activation and hypersecretion of inflammatory cytokines, many of which signal via the Janus kinases (JAKs). Preclinical studies have demonstrated that the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib ameliorates disease manifestations and prolongs survival in mouse models of HLH. Similarly, clinical studies have suggested that ruxolitinib is safe and effective for children with HLH, although prospective trials evaluating optimal ruxolitinib doses in primary (i.e., inherited/genetic) HLH are lacking. To address this gap, we developed HLHRUXO (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04551131), a prospective multi-institutional clinical trial utilizing a ruxolitinib-containing regimen in children with newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory HLH. Patients received ruxolitinib 25 mg/m2 twice daily combined with dexamethasone, with or without etoposide, for eight weeks, followed by continuation therapy at the discretion of the treating physician. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed on days one and eight. Eight patients (average age 7.6 years; five primary HLH [pHLH] and three secondary HLH [sHLH]) completed the study; none experienced dose-limiting adverse events (AEs). All patients experienced a favorable response at one week, demonstrating clinical stabilization and improvement in serum ferritin levels. Further, all five patients (three pHLH, two sHLH) with newly diagnosed HLH achieved a complete response (CR) after eight weeks of treatment, and all were alive at one year. One patient with relapsed/refractory sHLH achieved a CR at eight weeks and was alive at one year, while two others with relapsed/refractory pHLH died. Our findings confirm the safety of this ruxolitinib-containing regimen for pediatric HLH, with the best results observed in patients with newly diagnosed disease. Further studies of ruxolitinib as frontline therapy for children with HLH are warranted.},
}

@article {pmid42242253,
year = {2026},
author = {Fan, BE and Lam, BD},
title = {Artificial intelligence triage tool for bone marrow fibrosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms using complete blood counts.},
journal = {The Lancet. Haematology},
volume = {13},
number = {6},
pages = {e355-e357},
doi = {10.1016/S2352-3026(26)00129-8},
pmid = {42242253},
issn = {2352-3026},
}

@article {pmid42242398,
year = {2026},
author = {Rivas-Nieto, AC and Alver, SK and Mooney, SJ and Mossavar-Rahmani, Y and Xue, X and Lash, JP and Kaplan, R},
title = {Physical Activity Patterns and Kidney Function Changes Among Hispanic/Latino Adults: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.},
journal = {Journal of physical activity & health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-10},
doi = {10.1123/jpah.2025-0918},
pmid = {42242398},
issn = {1543-5474},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) may be a modifiable factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevention, but evidence specific to Hispanic/Latino populations is limited. Our objective was to examine associations between PA type/volume with changes in kidney function among Hispanic/Latino adults.

METHODS: We included participants (mean age: 41.6 years, 55.2% women) in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos with complete data. PA was measured using both 7-day accelerometry and the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Primary outcomes were percent change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and percent change in urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio over a mean of 6.1 years (N = 7071); incident CKD was the secondary outcome (N = 7177).

RESULTS: The mean eGFR change was -3.6 mL/min/1.73 m2, and mean urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio change was 4.0 mg/g. In multivariable-adjusted models accounting for demographic, occupational, and clinical factors, neither accelerometer-measured light PA or moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) nor self-reported MVPA were significantly associated with changes in eGFR, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, or incident CKD (P > .05). Diabetes status significantly modified associations between eGFR percent change and accelerometer-measured light PA (interaction P < .01), MVPA (interaction P = .02), and self-reported total MVPA (interaction P = .03). Among individuals with diabetes, higher self-reported total MVPA was associated with higher eGFR change (0.12% per 15 min/d; 95% CI, 0.02-0.22), whereas greater accelerometer-measured MVPA was linked to higher CKD risk (incidence rate ratio: 1.12; 95% CI, 1.02-1.23). Among those without diabetes, associations were inverse with 95% CIs that overlapped the null.

CONCLUSIONS: PA types/volumes were not associated with kidney function decline or CKD incidence, though diabetes status may modify these relationships.},
}

@article {pmid42242424,
year = {2026},
author = {Arnold, DE and Eissa, H and Dunn, E and Cuvelier, GDE and Wright, NAM and Marsh, RA and Parikh, S and Saldana, BD and Vander Lugt, MT and Bacchetta, R and Satter, LF and Chandrakasan, S and Kellner, E and Allenspach, EJ and Schmitt, EG and Logan, B and Burroughs, L and Cowan, MJ and Griffith, LM and Notarangelo, L and Pai, SY and Pulsipher, MA and Dvorak, CC and Haddad, E and Puck, JM and Torgerson, TR and Leiding, JW and Heimall, J and Chan, AY},
title = {IMPACT (Immune Monitoring and Phenotype Assessment of Clinical Trajectory) for Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity from the Primary Immune Deficiency Treatment Consortium (PIDTC).},
journal = {The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jaip.2026.05.025},
pmid = {42242424},
issn = {2213-2201},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Evaluating natural history and outcomes of rare inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) has been challenging due to the diverse disease manifestations and lack of standardized data.

OBJECTIVE: We developed a set of standardized, quantitative, generalizable data collection modules to measure organ dysfunction in IEIs, modeled on the previously validated Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Event (CTCAE) system for grading treatment toxicity.

METHODS: Disease conditions were organized by organ system. Experts from the Primary Immune Deficiency Treatment Consortium (PIDTC) identified essential features of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), and primary immune regulatory disorders (PIRD) and compared these to CTCAE conditions, adding and refining features as needed. Dates of onset and resolution, disease-specific laboratory values, and therapeutic interventions were also incorporated. Modules were reviewed by protocol teams, key stakeholders, clinical coordinators and statisticians to improve feasibility and completeness.

RESULTS: We developed a tool called IMPACT (Immune Monitoring and Phenotype Assessment of Clinical Trajectory) containing 15 modules assessing 196 disease conditions. A grading system from 1 to 5 (mild, moderate, severe, life-threatening, fatal) permits longitudinal tracking of disease condition severity. Outcomes of interventions can be measured quantitatively by comparing scores before and after treatment.

CONCLUSION: Standardized, quantitative assessment tools for IEIs can yield uniform datasets to illuminate their natural history and evaluate outcomes of interventions, not only to understand specific diseases, but also to compare effects between disease entities. Tools, like IMPACT, are essential for therapeutic trials for rare, complex multisystem diseases like IEIs and other disorders with protean manifestations.},
}