@article {pmid42586443,
year = {2026},
author = {Roif-Kaminsky, D and Grupel, D and Sofer-Sali, N and Motro, Y and Moran-Gilad, J},
title = {Oropharyngeal Microbiome Signatures Associated with Meningococcal Carriage in Healthy Young AdultsRunning title: Oropharyngeal microbiome and meningococcal carriage.},
journal = {The Journal of infection},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {106830},
doi = {10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106830},
pmid = {42586443},
issn = {1532-2742},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) colonizes the oropharynx of healthy individuals, yet the relationship between the oropharyngeal microbiome and meningococcal carriage remains poorly characterized. We studied the oropharyngeal microbiome in relation to Nm carriage and capsular phenotype in a cohort of healthy young adults.

METHODS: We enrolled 202 Nm carriers (of whom 101 harbored invasive capsular strains (B, C, W, X, Y)) and 202 matched non-carriers for microbiome analysis using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of oropharyngeal swabs. We compared the microbiome between carriers and non-carriers, carriers of invasive and non-invasive strains, and smokers and non-smokers, using alpha and beta diversity and differential abundance analyses. Isolate genomes were analyzed for the prp locus.

RESULTS: Carriers exhibited significantly higher Simpson diversity (p≤0.01) and distinct community composition (p=0.0002) compared to non-carriers. Differentially abundant taxa included Stomatobaculum, Lachnoanaerobaculum, Granulicatella, and Atopobium (enriched in carriers), and Epsilonbacteraeota and Patescibacteriota (enriched in non-carriers). Among carriers, invasive capsular strain carriers demonstrated significantly higher alpha diversity across all metrics and distinct beta diversity compared to non-capsular carriers. Notably, Campylobacter (Epsilonbacteraeota), Rothia, and Leptotrichia were enriched in capsular carriers, a pattern directionally opposite to that observed in the carrier vs. non-carrier comparison. Whole genome sequencing of Nm isolates revealed that the intact propionate utilization pathway (prp gene cluster) was far more prevalent in invasive capsular (62%) than in non-invasive isolates (10.5%, p<0.0001). Whether a metabolic relationship exists between the Campylobacter-enriched capsular carrier microbiome and propionate-utilizing Nm strains cannot be established from these genus-level data. Differences in diversity between carriers and non-carriers remained after stratification by smoking status.

CONCLUSIONS: Nm carriage was associated with a distinct oropharyngeal microbiome, characterized by community reorganization rather than diversity loss, with divergent profiles between capsular and non-capsular carriers and a notable enrichment of Campylobacter alongside an intact prp locus in invasive capsular strains. Taken together, these findings identify microbial features that may shape meningococcal colonization and warrant longitudinal, species-level investigations to define their mechanistic and translational relevance.},
}

@article {pmid42586481,
year = {2026},
author = {Alwali, A and Thingholm, LB and Bang, C and Beckmann, JH and Sebens, S and Rühlemann, M and Laudes, M and Schafmayer, C and Franke, A and Philipp, M and von Schönfels, W},
title = {Oral and gut microbiota features associated with weight-loss outcomes after metabolic and bariatric surgery: a pilot study.},
journal = {Clinical nutrition ESPEN},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {105025},
doi = {10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.105025},
pmid = {42586481},
issn = {2405-4577},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is an effective treatment for severe obesity, yet postoperative weight loss outcomes vary considerably between patients. With the relevance of the gut microbiome for obesity, it is of interest to understand the potential role of the oral and gut microbiota for the outcome of MBS. This pilot, hypothesis-generating study aimed to investigate associations between microbiota features and postoperative weight loss outcomes after MBS, assessed by percentage excess weight loss (EWL).

METHODS: In this pilot study, microbiota profiles from multiple body sites were analyzed in 33 patients undergoing MBS. Stool, oral swab, serum, and adipose tissue samples were collected at the time of surgery; stool and oral samples were collected again six months postoperatively. Microbiota diversity and composition were assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and related to EWL and metabolic outcomes. Bacterial DNA in adipose tissue and serum was explored as an indirect marker of microbial translocation.

RESULTS: Higher diversity of the oral microbiota before surgery was associated with greater postoperative EWL. Stool microbiota diversity increased after surgery and was positively associated with EWL, suggesting postoperative recovery of the gut microbiota in patients with better weight loss outcomes. At the taxonomic level, higher postoperative abundance of Alistipes was observed in stool of patients achieving the greatest EWL, while for the oral cavity at time of operation, Veillonella, a bacteria considered largely beneficial in the oral cavity, was found to be positively associated with response. Community-level analyses of bacterial profiles in subcutaneous fat samples taken at time of MBS showed associations with both EWL (R[2] = 0.097, p = 0.006) and BMI (R[2] = 0.055, p = 0.017), whereas no associations were observed for visceral fat or serum. Findings related to individual bacterial taxa and extraintestinal compartments should be interpreted cautiously due to the exploratory nature of the analyses.

CONCLUSIONS: This exploratory pilot study suggests that oral and gut microbiota features may be associated with weight loss outcomes after metabolic and bariatric surgery. Future studies are required for validation in larger, procedure-specific cohorts with adjustment for clinical confounders.},
}

@article {pmid42586552,
year = {2026},
author = {Xu, S and Lu, J and Wang, D},
title = {Ozone Hydrotherapy Improves Seborrheic Dermatitis by Regulating Scalp Microbiome and Mitochondrial Lactate Shuttle in Keratinocytes.},
journal = {The Journal of infectious diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/infdis/jiag420},
pmid = {42586552},
issn = {1537-6613},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is characterized by limited therapeutic options and high recurrence rates, and the efficacy and mechanism of ozone hydrotherapy for SD remain unclear, especially its potential role in regulating metabolic pathways of keratinocytes.

METHODS: We performed a single-arm, open-label, self-controlled before-and-after study of ozone hydrotherapy in 24 SD patients, evaluating clinical symptoms and analyzing scalp microbiome. A Malassezia-induced guinea pig model of SD-like lesions and a Malassezia-infected HaCaT cell model were used to explore barrier repair, anti-inflammatory effects and the potential involvement of mitochondrial lactate shuttle.

RESULTS: Ozone hydrotherapy significantly alleviated erythema, scaling and pruritus during the 3-week treatment period in SD patients. Treatment was well tolerated with no serious adverse events observed. It decreased the abundance of Malassezia and Staphylococcus, increased skin microbial Shannon diversity, and reshaped the structure of scalp fungal and bacterial communities. In guinea pigs, ozone water upregulated barrier-related genes and suppressed inflammatory cytokines. In HaCaT cells, ozone water restored mitochondrial lactate shuttle function, reversed the abnormal expression and localization of MCT1, MCT4 and LDHB, reduced lactate accumulation and pro-inflammatory factor release.

CONCLUSION: Ozone hydrotherapy may improve SD symptoms by regulating scalp microbial homeostasis, mechanistic studies further suggest that it may alleviate inflammation by reversing Malassezia-induced mitochondrial lactate shuttle abnormalities in keratinocytes. Ozone hydrotherapy represents a promising candidate intervention for SD symptom management, pending validation in controlled clinical trials.},
}

@article {pmid42586607,
year = {2026},
author = {Ribeiro, N and Andrade, EB},
title = {Gut-Meningeal Immunity: A Missing Link in Neuroinflammatory Disorders.},
journal = {Immunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/imm.70190},
pmid = {42586607},
issn = {1365-2567},
support = {CEECIND/03675/2018//Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/ ; 2024.04517.BD//Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/ ; },
abstract = {Traditionally considered immune-privileged, the central nervous system (CNS) is now recognised as immunologically dynamic, with the meninges serving as a key interface for immune surveillance and neuroimmune communication. Recent advances support the emerging concept of a gut-meningeal immune axis, wherein the gut microbiota may influence meningeal immunity, through the recruitment of gut-educated immune cells and other microbiota-dependent signals, although the mechanisms involved remain incompletely understood. Notably, the neonatal period represents a critical window of immune and microbial development, during which dysbiosis can disrupt microglia maturation, cytokine balance, and long-term neuroimmune resilience. Here, we review the structural and immunological properties of the meninges, the mechanisms potentially linking the gut microbiota to meningeal immunity, and the role of this emerging axis in neuroinflammatory diseases. We further explore the developmental implications of early-life microbial disturbances and discuss the therapeutic potential of microbiota-targeted interventions to modulate meningeal immunity and mitigate CNS pathology.},
}

@article {pmid42586669,
year = {2026},
author = {Luo, Z and Fang, Y and Qi, H and Peng, X and Zang, X and Yi, L and Zeng, J and He, L and Zeng, N},
title = {Natural polysaccharides modulate the microbiota-gut-brain axis through multiple targets: A new perspective on the pathogenesis and treatment of depression.},
journal = {Carbohydrate polymers},
volume = {389},
number = {},
pages = {125640},
doi = {10.1016/j.carbpol.2026.125640},
pmid = {42586669},
issn = {1879-1344},
mesh = {Humans ; Animals ; *Polysaccharides/pharmacology/chemistry/therapeutic use ; *Depression/drug therapy/metabolism/microbiology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; *Brain/drug effects/metabolism ; Blood-Brain Barrier/drug effects/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Depression is increasingly understood as a systemic disorder involving microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) dysfunction rather than only central monoaminergic imbalance. Gut microbial dysbiosis, barrier disruption, immune inflammation, metabolic disturbance, oxidative stress, mitochondrial injury, and impaired neuroplasticity jointly drive depressive pathology. Natural polysaccharides offer a structurally diverse class of MGBA-oriented adjunctive candidates. Their effects are governed not simply by source or total sugar content, but by monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkages, branching architecture, and molecular-weight distribution. These features determine microbial accessibility, fermentation kinetics, metabolite output, mucus and epithelial interactions, receptor recognition, and possible epithelial uptake, thereby defining distinct routes of MGBA regulation. Through these structure-dependent routes, natural polysaccharides may alleviate depression-related abnormalities by rebuilding gut microbial ecology, reprogramming short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan-derived indoles and bile acid metabolism, restoring intestinal and blood-brain barrier integrity, suppressing neuroimmune activation and oxidative injury, supporting mitochondrial homeostasis and promoting BDNF-TrkB-related neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. This Review highlights structure-guided MGBA modulation and discusses translational challenges, including activity attribution, quality control, pharmacokinetics, and microbiome-dependent response variability for stratified, mechanism-guided adjunctive use.},
}

Humans
Animals
*Polysaccharides/pharmacology/chemistry/therapeutic use
*Depression/drug therapy/metabolism/microbiology
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
*Brain/drug effects/metabolism
Blood-Brain Barrier/drug effects/metabolism

@article {pmid42586732,
year = {2026},
author = {Große, K and Haedge, F and Fera, C and Hecker, J and Wienstroer, J and Tsakmaklis, A and Fichtner, A and Treichel, NS and Clavel, T and Wirtz, TH and Pabst, O and Schuckelt, R and Vehreschild, MJ and Bruns, T},
title = {Encapsulated faecal microbiota transfer to target immune activation in patients with cirrhosis and ascites (TransImmune): protocol for a randomised, double-blind, Phase IIa, placebo-controlled trial.},
journal = {BMJ open},
volume = {16},
number = {8},
pages = {e119299},
doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2026-119299},
pmid = {42586732},
issn = {2044-6055},
mesh = {Humans ; Double-Blind Method ; *Liver Cirrhosis/therapy/immunology/complications ; *Fecal Microbiota Transplantation/methods ; *Ascites/therapy/immunology ; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Prospective Studies ; Pilot Projects ; *Dysbiosis/therapy ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Bacterial translocation and gut dysbiosis are key drivers of systemic immune activation in decompensated cirrhosis, precipitating inflammatory complications such as acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). Currently, no licensed therapies effectively restore intestinal barrier function or reverse dysbiosis in this vulnerable population. While previous studies have suggested benefits of faecal microbiota transfer (FMT) in hepatic encephalopathy or alcohol-associated hepatitis, data on its safety and immunomodulatory effects in decompensated cirrhosis with ascites are lacking. This Phase IIa trial (TransImmune) aims to evaluate the safety and tolerability of encapsulated FMT. Furthermore, it will assess feasibility, microbial engraftment and downstream effects on intestinal barrier integrity, as well as systemic and peritoneal inflammation.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a prospective, single-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase IIa pilot study. A total of 24 patients with decompensated cirrhosis and ascites will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to receive either encapsulated FMT or placebo over three consecutive days. The investigational product, INTESTIFIX 001, is an encapsulated FMT preparation derived from rigorously screened healthy donors and manufactured under Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) conditions with predefined release specifications, including minimum alpha-diversity QC criteria, manufactured by the Cologne Microbiota Bank (CMB). The primary endpoints are the occurrence of serious adverse events (SAE) up to the end of study (EOS) and the occurrence and severity of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE). Secondary endpoints evaluate signals of clinical efficacy, specifically: (1) systemic inflammation (white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and IL-6); (2) gut inflammation (faecal calprotectin); (3) organ dysfunction (Child-Pugh, MELD and CLIF-SOFA scores); (4) quality of life (EQ-5D-5L and CLDQ) and (5) the number of antibiotic-free days. Patients will be monitored across five study visits up to 90 days.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study was approved by ethics committee review and the German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM). The trial is registered under EU CT no. 2023-5 07 790-18-00. The results of the study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and at international conferences.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: EU Clinical Trials Register: 2023-507790-18-00. Registered on 8 August 2024.},
}

Humans
Double-Blind Method
*Liver Cirrhosis/therapy/immunology/complications
*Fecal Microbiota Transplantation/methods
*Ascites/therapy/immunology
Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Prospective Studies
Pilot Projects
*Dysbiosis/therapy

@article {pmid42586775,
year = {2026},
author = {Berlinches de Gea, A and Both, J and Haas, N and Wilschut, RA and Wichern, F and Geisen, S},
title = {Soil Microbiome Predator Diversity Outperforms Nitrogen Addition in Boosting Plant Biomass via Bacterial Community Shifts.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {32},
number = {8},
pages = {e71019},
pmid = {42586775},
issn = {1365-2486},
mesh = {*Soil Microbiology ; *Nitrogen/metabolism ; Animals ; *Microbiota ; Biomass ; *Nematoda/physiology ; Biodiversity ; Soil/chemistry ; Bacteria ; },
abstract = {Nitrogen (N) is crucial for plant growth, but its overuse harms biodiversity. Increasing soil biodiversity might provide the means to reduce N inputs, but experimental evidence for this paradigm shift is limited. Using microbiome predators (protists and nematodes) that shape microbiome composition and participate in N cycling, we examined how interactions between their diversity and N addition affect Cannabis sativa growth. The addition of microbiome predators increased plant biomass by up to 53%, irrespective of diversity level, with effects reaching up to 60% under higher microbiome predator diversity. This biomass increase was primarily associated with changes in bacterial community composition and enriching functions related to carbon and N cycling. In contrast, N input played a greater role in determining plant and soil nutrient content. These findings suggest that microbiome predators determine plant biomass in a diversity and N-specific manner, showing the pivotal role of soil biodiversity in enhancing plant performance and serving as promising tools to mitigate N inputs.},
}

*Soil Microbiology
*Nitrogen/metabolism
Animals
*Microbiota
Biomass
*Nematoda/physiology
Biodiversity
Soil/chemistry
Bacteria

@article {pmid42586870,
year = {2026},
author = {Feng, X and Pora, M and Ebert, M and Zimmermann, M and Zhan, T},
title = {The role of pharmacomicrobiomics in colorectal cancer therapy.},
journal = {Trends in molecular medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.molmed.2026.07.006},
pmid = {42586870},
issn = {1471-499X},
abstract = {Interindividual variability in response to cancer therapy is a major challenge in the management of colorectal cancer (CRC). The gut microbiome contributes to differential therapeutic efficacy and toxicity by modifying the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anticancer drugs. Furthermore, bacterial products interact with tumor and immune cells, altering therapeutic outcomes. This review focuses on the impact of pharmacomicrobiomics on CRC therapy. We describe how gut microbiota affects drug metabolism on a mechanistic level and outline the interactions of specific microbes and their products with chemo-, targeted, and immunotherapies employed in CRC. Finally, we provide an overview of current strategies, including probiotics, engineered bacteria, and fecal microbiota transplantation, that exploit the gut microbiome to improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce toxicity.},
}

@article {pmid42586877,
year = {2026},
author = {Meng, YF and Liu, LY and Fan, ZY and Zhan, HX},
title = {Intratumoral microbiota in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: Enriched bacterial biomass and diversity with association to dyslipidemia.},
journal = {Pancreatology : official journal of the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) ... [et al.]},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.pan.2026.08.004},
pmid = {42586877},
issn = {1424-3911},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Intratumoral microbiota have been implicated in several cancers, including pancreatic cancer, but data on pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) remain limited.

METHODS: We analyzed two complementary cohorts: a retrospective formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cohort comprising 53 primary PNETs, 26 paired adjacent non-tumor tissues (ANTs), and 5 liver metastases assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH); and a prospective subset of 25 paired fresh tumor-center and ANT samples analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Taxonomic composition, alpha and beta diversity, differential abundance, predicted microbial functions, and associations with clinicopathological features and fasting serum lipids were evaluated.

RESULTS: PNETs showed a higher frequency of detectable bacterial signals and greater microbial richness and diversity than ANTs. LEfSe identified 38 nominally differentially abundant taxa (P < 0.05; LDA > 2.5), including enrichment of Blautia, Rothia, and Ferrovibrio in tumors. Their combined abundance differentiated PNETs from ANTs with an area under the curve of 0.843. Exploratory functional inference suggested enrichment of 15 pathways in PNETs, including fatty acid and short-chain fatty acid biosynthesis pathways. Serum high-density lipoprotein levels were inversely associated with intratumoral microbial richness (Ace index: r = -0.497, P = 0.049).

CONCLUSIONS: PNETs exhibited greater bacterial burden, microbial richness, and diversity than ANTs, with distinct taxonomic patterns and lipid-related associations. These exploratory findings warrant external validation in larger cohorts with rigorous low-biomass contamination control.},
}

@article {pmid42587033,
year = {2026},
author = {Jarman, JB and Torres, PJ and Baum, C and Tinoco, J and Sato, H and Rasteiro, CS and Selbrede, R and Insel, R and Culler, SJ and Van Dien, S},
title = {Safety, tolerability, and gastrointestinal effect of a Bifidobacterium-based synergistic synbiotic in infants and toddlers.},
journal = {Pediatric research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42587033},
issn = {1530-0447},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Bifidobacterium are critical components of the infant gut microbiome, yet most infants in developed countries are deficient.

METHODS: The ARTEMIS trial is the first clinical study in the United States to evaluate a synergistic synbiotic supplement in infants. It enrolled 114 participants in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and gastrointestinal colonization of the supplement in infants (n = 58) and toddlers (n = 56). The synbiotic contains four proprietary strains of Bifidobacterium, four complementary human milk oligosaccharides and vitamin D.

RESULTS: Safety and tolerability were assessed, with no statistically significant differences in adverse events or gastrointestinal symptom burden relative to placebo. The administered Bifidobacterium strains were significantly more prevalent and abundant in the synbiotic group. After four weeks of dosing, at least one administered strain was detected in 72% of infants (2-12 months) and 67% of toddlers (12-24 months). Synbiotic supplementation was associated with a significant increase in Bifidobacterium infantis abundance at the species level and human milk oligosaccharide utilization genes. Strains persisted through the two-week washout period, supporting intestinal colonization beyond active supplementation unlike other transient probiotics like Lactobacillus.

CONCLUSIONS: This synbiotic was safe, well tolerated, and achieved sustained Bifidobacterium colonization in infants and toddlers.

IMPACT: The ARTEMIS trial is the first U.S. clinical study to evaluate a synergistic synbiotic in infants combining multiple Bifidobacterium strains with human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). Safety and tolerability were evaluated in infants and toddlers, with no statistically significant differences in adverse events or gastrointestinal tolerance compared with placebo. Infants and toddlers receiving the synbiotic showed significantly greater prevalence and abundance of the administered strains, demonstrating successful gut colonization and shifts in overall Bifidobacterium populations, along with increased abundance of HMO-utilization genes. In toddlers, synbiotic supplementation was associated with a significant improvement in sleep relative to placebo.},
}

@article {pmid42587158,
year = {2026},
author = {Sinha, T and Brushett, S and Fernández-Pato, A and Garmaeva, S and Andreu-Sánchez, S and Spreckels, JE and Mallon, CA and Kuzub, N and Gois, MB and Wu, J and Kruk, M and Jankipersadsing, SA and Dekens, JAM and Gacesa, R and Vila, AV and Bang, C and Perenboom, C and Franke, A and Tytgat, HLP and Mottaz, SC and Peters, L and de Jonge, A and Verkade, HJ and Swertz, MA and Wijmenga, C and Kuipers, F and Scherjon, S and Sikkema, J and Sprikkelman, AB and de Kroon, MLA and Prins, JR and Gordijn, SJ and Koppelman, GH and Reijneveld, SA and , and Fu, J and Yassour, M and Kurilshikov, A and Zhernakova, A},
title = {Maternal influences on infant gut microbiome and health.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42587158},
issn = {1476-4687},
abstract = {The establishment of the infant gut microbiome is critical for later health[1,2], yet how it is shaped by maternal and early-life factors remains unclear. Here we metagenomically sequenced 4,526 longitudinal faecal samples from 714 mother-infant pairs in the Dutch birth cohort Lifelines NEXT, spanning 12 weeks of pregnancy to 1 year postpartum. We integrated these data with 474 clinical and exposure variables, and with ultra-deep sequencing of breast milk and vaginal microbiomes. We observe that the maternal gut microbiome undergoes only subtle changes during pregnancy and postpartum, influenced by diet, infections and pre-pregnancy smoking. The maternal gut microbiome is a major reservoir for infant gut strains, with only occasional transmission from vaginal and breast milk microbiomes. Mother-infant gut strain sharing is time dependent, and higher maternal gut species abundance increases the likelihood of strain transmission. We find that the maternal gut microbiome is a predictor of infant eczema. Mode of delivery and feeding mode primarily shaped the infant gut microbiome and its functional profiles, with maternal exposures also having a role. Of 585 vaginally delivered infants, 155 were born at home, but home delivery was only moderately associated with infant gut microbiome composition, similar to other birth parameters such as duration of pushing and ruptured membranes. Overall, we highlight the central role of the mother and her microbiome in shaping the infant gut ecosystem and early health outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid42587415,
year = {2026},
author = {Peluso, E and van Uden, S and Visentin, S and Petrini, P and Pacheco, DP and Visai, L},
title = {Universal-Bac[3]Gel: A 3D Biofilm-Relevant Matrix That Supports In Vitro Growth and Biofilm Formation of ESKAPE Pathogens.},
journal = {MicrobiologyOpen},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {e70371},
doi = {10.1002/mbo3.70371},
pmid = {42587415},
issn = {2045-8827},
support = {190135075//HORIZON-EIC-2023-ACCELERATOROPEN-01/ ; //Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR)/ ; },
mesh = {*Biofilms/growth & development/drug effects ; Humans ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Staphylococcus aureus/growth & development/drug effects ; },
abstract = {Human microbiota is increasingly considered to shape health and disease, drawing interest of pharma and biotech industries in advanced models of in vitro human microbiome to streamline drug development. In this context, Universal-Bac[3]Gel represents a new generation of 3D biomaterials designed to mimic the properties of human mucus and biofilm features, including micro-gradients that replicate the heterogeneous environments colonized by microorganisms in the human body. To evaluate the suitability of Universal-Bac[3]Gel for studying clinically relevant species in antimicrobial resistance, the so-called ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter cloacae) were cultured within this 3D environment. Bacterial growth was monitored at 24- and 48-h post-inoculation via spot plating, while viability, spatial distribution, and organization were assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. All ESKAPE strains successfully grew throughout the structure of Universal-Bac[3]Gel. Distinct 3D biofilm architectures were observed across species, ranging from diffuse colonization to compact microcolony formation, in agreement with species-specific biofilm patterns. Ciprofloxacin susceptibility assays revealed reduced susceptibility of bacteria cultured within Universal-Bac[3]Gel compared with their planktonic counterparts, supporting the development of biofilm-associated tolerance phenotypes. Consistent with these findings, crystal violet staining confirmed the accumulation of biofilm-associated biomass within the hydrogel. Notably, the platform's ready-to-use 96-well format allowed direct comparison of these high-priority pathogens under standardized conditions, highlighting species-specific biofilm traits that would be difficult to discern in conventional two-dimensional culture systems. This work highlights the versatility of Universal-Bac[3]Gel as a biofilm-relevant in vitro platform for studying pathogen colonization, biofilm development and antimicrobial susceptibility under controlled conditions.},
}

*Biofilms/growth & development/drug effects
Humans
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
Microscopy, Confocal
Staphylococcus aureus/growth & development/drug effects

@article {pmid42587528,
year = {2026},
author = {Liu, J and Elias, J and Wang, X and Tian, J and Dong, PT and Cao, H and Cen, L and Zahedul Islam Nizami, M and He, X and Sun, J},
title = {Exploiting Bacterial Metabolism for Targeted Antimicrobial Release from Smart Nanocarriers.},
journal = {ACS applied materials & interfaces},
volume = {18},
number = {31},
pages = {42261-42272},
doi = {10.1021/acsami.6c05401},
pmid = {42587528},
issn = {1944-8252},
support = {1S10OD034405-01/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States ; R01DE029479/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States ; R01DE029479S/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {*Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Silicon Dioxide/chemistry ; Humans ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/chemistry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; *Drug Carriers/chemistry ; *Bacteria/metabolism/drug effects ; Porosity ; },
abstract = {Acidogenic and aciduric bacteria acidify their local microenvironment through carbohydrate metabolism, contributing to pathological microenvironment acidification in diseases, including dental caries, infection, and inflammation. We present a mesoporous silica nanoparticle platform equipped with surface-bound, pH-responsive gatekeepers that remain sealed at physiological pH yet rapidly release a drug payload under acidic conditions. This system converts a broad-spectrum antimicrobial into a selectively activated antimicrobial system: release is suppressed under neutral conditions and triggered when bacteria generate acid. In a human oral microbiome model, the nanoparticles selectively eradicate acid-producing bacteria, with metabolic acidification directly activating their own killing, as evidenced by simultaneous single-cell-scale fluorescence imaging of pH and viability. Mechanistic studies using proton NMR and contact angle measurements show that the gating mechanism relies on synergistic molecular interactions and hydrophilicity-hydrophobicity transitions. This work establishes an on-site antimicrobial strategy triggered by metabolic acidification for targeting microbes with undesirable metabolic features, thus paving the way toward more controlled infection therapies.},
}

*Nanoparticles/chemistry
Silicon Dioxide/chemistry
Humans
*Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/chemistry
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
*Drug Carriers/chemistry
*Bacteria/metabolism/drug effects
Porosity

@article {pmid42587725,
year = {2026},
author = {Yadav, P and Rani, J and Singh, T and Saini, V and Rohilla, P and Srivastava, V and Tandon, G and Sankhala, N and Sharma, G and Tyagi, S and Tevatiya, S and Kumari, S and Dixit, R},
title = {Iron Homeostasis and Reproduction: Unveiling the Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis Connection in the Mosquito Anopheles culicifacies.},
journal = {Cells},
volume = {15},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cells15151315},
pmid = {42587725},
issn = {2073-4409},
support = {Ref # VBD/NIMR/Intra/002-ECD-II//Indian Council of Medical Research/ ; Ref # 191620022266//University Grants Commission/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Iron/metabolism ; Female ; *Homeostasis ; *Anopheles/microbiology/metabolism/physiology ; *Reproduction ; *Brain/metabolism ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Transferrin/metabolism/genetics ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Ferritins/metabolism/genetics ; },
abstract = {Our study investigated how adult female Anopheles culicifacies mosquitoes regulate systemic iron homeostasis after blood feeding, a process essential for reproduction, and revealed striking parallels to iron deficiency disorders in mammals. This study identifies that coordinated transcriptional regulation of ferritin and transferrin plays a crucial role in follicle development and egg maturation. Silencing of both genes using ribonucleic acid interference led to severe reproductive impairment, including ovarian arrest in 50% of females, a 40% reduction in oocyte number, and a decrease in first instar larval size. These outcomes correlate with increased reactive oxygen species and altered serotonin receptor expression in the brain, possibly driven by alterations in microbial gut-brain axis communication due to disrupted iron metabolism. In summary, our research provides the first molecular proof and a new conceptual understanding of how iron metabolism disorders may affect microbiome-gut-brain-axis communication and, in turn, reproductive outcomes.},
}

Animals
*Iron/metabolism
Female
*Homeostasis
*Anopheles/microbiology/metabolism/physiology
*Reproduction
*Brain/metabolism
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Transferrin/metabolism/genetics
Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
Ferritins/metabolism/genetics

@article {pmid42587768,
year = {2026},
author = {Watashige, N and Kubo-Kaneda, M and Makino, M and Kato, M and Okamoto, K and Matsumoto, T and Kotaka, S and Toda, M and D'Alessandro-Gabazza, CN and Cann, I and Gabazza, EC and Yasuma, T and Yoshida, K and Kondo, E},
title = {Microbiota-Derived Corisin Is Elevated in Early Cervical Neoplasia and Drives Pathogenic Cellular Programs.},
journal = {Cells},
volume = {15},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cells15151358},
pmid = {42587768},
issn = {2073-4409},
support = {1708442//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; 2022//Takeda Science Foundation/ ; 2023//Takeda Science Foundation/ ; 2025-2026//MSD Life Science Foundation/ ; 2025-2026//Terumo (Japan)/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology/microbiology/metabolism/blood ; HeLa Cells ; *Microbiota ; Adult ; *Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/pathology/microbiology/blood/metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Middle Aged ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Cervical cancer remains a major global health challenge and a leading cause of gynecological cancer-related mortality, particularly in developing countries. Although persistent human papillomavirus infection is the primary driver of cervical carcinogenesis, host factors such as immune dysregulation and microbiome dysbiosis may contribute to disease progression. Corisin is a microbiota-derived peptide implicated in epithelial injury and fibrosis, but its role in cervical neoplasia is unknown. To investigate its potential involvement, circulating corisin levels were measured in 27 women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or cervical cancer and compared with those in 15 healthy women. Corisin localization in cervical carcinoma tissues was examined by immunohistochemistry, and its biological effects were evaluated in HeLa cells. Circulating corisin levels were significantly elevated in patients with CIN and cervical cancer, with the highest levels observed in CIN3 and cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Corisin was detected within cervical carcinoma tissues in intracellular and extracellular compartments adjacent to tumor cells. In HeLa cells, corisin accumulated in mitochondria, impaired cell-cycle progression, induced apoptosis, increased p21 expression, and promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like morphological changes. These findings suggest that corisin is elevated from the early stages of cervical neoplasia, is present within the cervical tumor microenvironment, and may contribute to pathogenic cellular processes associated with cervical cancer progression.},
}

Humans
Female
*Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology/microbiology/metabolism/blood
HeLa Cells
*Microbiota
Adult
*Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/pathology/microbiology/blood/metabolism
Apoptosis
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
Middle Aged
Mitochondria/metabolism

@article {pmid42587806,
year = {2026},
author = {Rong, X and Zhang, X and Tan, Y and Lu, C},
title = {Gut Microbial Functional Ecology and Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Rheumatoid Arthritis Autoimmunity.},
journal = {Cells},
volume = {15},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cells15151398},
pmid = {42587806},
issn = {2073-4409},
support = {No. 2025ZD1801002//National Science and Technology Major Projects of China/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology/microbiology/metabolism ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology ; *Autoimmunity/immunology ; Animals ; },
abstract = {The gut microbiota is a key regulatory hub linking environmental exposure, the mucosal barrier, and joint inflammation, and plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Mechanistic studies in this field mainly address two interrelated questions: how RA-associated gut microbiota modulate mucosal immunity and systemic autoimmunity through strain-level variation, niche competition, and metabolic remodeling; and how disease stage, host immune status, and drug exposure reciprocally reshape gut microbial structure and function. Accordingly, this review follows the framework of "anti-inflammatory/pro-inflammatory microbial niches-microbiota-derived metabolites-immune cell homing and migration" to summarize recent advances in the role of gut microbiota and their derivatives in RA onset, progression, and therapeutic response. Focusing on disease-stage-specific remodeling of gut functional ecology, we discuss how short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan-derived indoles, bile acids, succinate, and other microbial effector molecules regulate RA immunopathology through regulatory T cells (Treg), regulatory B cells (Breg), type 17 T helper cells (Th17), and IL-17-producing T follicular helper cells (Tfh17), dendritic cells, fibroblast-like synoviocytes, and osteoclasts. We also highlight intestinal antigen sampling, autoantibody generation, immune cell trafficking, and synovial reactivation as key links in the gut-joint axis. This review aims to shift RA microbiome research from taxonomic profiling toward stage-specific functional ecological analysis, providing a basis for risk stratification, therapeutic response prediction, and microbiota-based adjunctive interventions.},
}

Humans
*Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology/microbiology/metabolism
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology
*Autoimmunity/immunology
Animals

@article {pmid42587905,
year = {2026},
author = {Vasile, AM and Pihurov Procop, M and Cotârleț, M and Bahrim, GE},
title = {Amaranth Seeds as Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation Substrates: Prospects for Metabiotic Foods and Functional Ingredients.},
journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/foods15152645},
pmid = {42587905},
issn = {2304-8158},
abstract = {Amaranth, a nutritionally dense pseudocereal, is an exceptional substrate for producing functional and metabiotic food products via lactic acid fermentation. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of both ungerminated and germinated amaranth seeds as fermentation matrices, assigning their nutritional profiles, bioactive constituents, and compatibility with microbial transformation. Central to this discussion are the synergistic interactions between amaranth's native compounds and lactic acid bacteria (LAB), with an emphasis on four key bioconversion mechanisms: protein hydrolysis, polyphenol activation, antinutrient reduction, and the biosynthesis of functional and metabiotic metabolites. Essential fermentation parameters, including substrate preparation, inoculation strategies, pH, temperature, and fermentation time, are systematically reviewed to guide optimization of bioactive compound yields. Post-fermentation processing approaches, such as freeze-drying, controlled drying, and product standardization, are assessed for their capacity to preserve product stability and ensure consistent functional performance. The review further explores the incorporation of fermented amaranth into diverse food systems, such as gluten-free bakery goods, functional beverages, and nutraceutical formulations, as well as its application in animal nutrition, where it supports improved digestibility and gut microbiome health. The review concludes by mapping current challenges, unresolved knowledge gaps, and priority research directions, positioning fermented amaranth systems as versatile, science-backed platforms for developing next-generation functional and metabiotic ingredients.},
}

@article {pmid42587976,
year = {2026},
author = {Antoniadou, M and Varzakas, T and Caraher, M},
title = {Financialization, Food Sovereignty, and Oral Health: A Structured Narrative Review Within the One Health Framework for Sustainable Food Systems.},
journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/foods15152718},
pmid = {42587976},
issn = {2304-8158},
abstract = {Contemporary food systems are increasingly shaped by financialization, corporate concentration, and unequal distributions of power that influence food production, food environments, dietary exposures, and population health. However, the relationships among food-system financialization, food sovereignty, and oral health remain insufficiently integrated within food-security, sustainability, and One Health research. This structured narrative review critically synthesized interdisciplinary evidence from Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, citation searching, and authoritative institutional sources to examine these relationships and develop an integrative conceptual framework. The synthesis indicates that financialization may influence health through market concentration, commodity dependence, corporate control of food environments, and the expansion of ultra-processed foods, whereas food sovereignty may modify these pathways by strengthening agency, equitable resource distribution, local governance, and ecological resilience. Dietary exposures and related biological mechanisms provide plausible pathways through which these structural processes may contribute to oral-health outcomes and inequalities. The proposed framework integrates food-system structures, governance, food environments, dietary exposures, biological pathways, oral health, and One Health implications within a common analytical model. Oral health is therefore proposed as a potential biological interface through which food-system transformations and inequalities may become measurable. Empirical research is required to test these pathways and evaluate the framework's applicability across populations and food-system contexts.},
}

@article {pmid42588059,
year = {2026},
author = {Kupczyk, D and Bilski, R and Kozieł, I and Słota, A and Kurek, M and Stablewska, E and Baumgart, S and Słomka, A and Studzińska, R},
title = {Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease: Can Dietary Interventions Provide Neuroprotection?.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {18},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nu18152436},
pmid = {42588059},
issn = {2072-6643},
mesh = {Humans ; *Alzheimer Disease/diet therapy/metabolism/prevention & control ; *Oxidative Stress/physiology ; Antioxidants ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Neuroprotection ; Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; *Diet ; Polyphenols ; *Neuroprotective Agents ; },
abstract = {Population aging is a growing problem. This process is driven not only by genetic factors but also by environmental factors, such as diet. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia worldwide, characterized by cognitive decline, synaptic dysfunction, and neuronal loss. Despite extensive research, effective disease-modifying therapies remain limited. Increasing evidence indicates that oxidative stress plays a central role in AD pathogenesis, acting as a key link between β-amyloid accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. Accordingly, dietary strategies have been proposed to mitigate these pathological processes and may represent an important component of Alzheimer's disease prevention. Moreover, emerging evidence on the gut-brain axis highlights the critical role of gut microbiota in regulating neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Dysbiosis has been associated with increased permeability of the intestinal barrier, systemic inflammation, and accelerated neurodegeneration. Dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean, DASH, and MIND diets may exert beneficial effects by simultaneously influencing antioxidant status and microbial composition. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease and evaluate the potential of dietary interventions in modulating mechanisms involved in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and supporting cognitive health. Particular attention is given to the neuroprotective effects of dietary antioxidants, including vitamins, polyphenols, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, which act through the reduction in reactive oxygen species, modulation of inflammatory pathways, and support of neuronal survival. Although current findings are promising, inconsistencies in clinical data indicate the need for further well-designed studies. Future research should focus on personalized nutritional strategies integrating dietary, genetic, and microbiome-related factors. Targeting oxidative stress through diet and microbiota modulation represents a promising complementary strategy for Alzheimer's disease prevention and supportive management, although further clinical studies are required to establish disease-modifying effects.},
}

Humans
*Alzheimer Disease/diet therapy/metabolism/prevention & control
*Oxidative Stress/physiology
Antioxidants
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
*Neuroprotection
Animals
Brain/metabolism
*Diet
Polyphenols
*Neuroprotective Agents

@article {pmid42588064,
year = {2026},
author = {De Sales-Millan, A and Reyes-Ferreira, P and González-Cervantes, RM and Luna-Álvarez, M and Guillén-López, S and Cobo-Díaz, JF and Ramos, S and Aguirre-Garrido, JF and Velázquez-Aragón, JA},
title = {Clinical Improvement and Taxonomic-Functional Gut Microbiome Remodeling After Six Months of Multi-Strain Synbiotic Supplementation in Mexican Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {18},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nu18152441},
pmid = {42588064},
issn = {2072-6643},
support = {E022 Program Recursos Fiscales para la Investigación//Instituto Nacional de Pediatria/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Autism Spectrum Disorder/microbiology/therapy ; Male ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics ; Female ; Mexico ; Longitudinal Studies ; *Synbiotics/administration & dosage ; Child ; Feces/microbiology ; Child, Preschool ; Probiotics/administration & dosage ; Dietary Supplements ; Treatment Outcome ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Dysbiosis/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Gut dysbiosis in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been associated with alterations in microbial ecology and metabolic function that may contribute to gastrointestinal dysfunction and the severity of clinical manifestations. Synbiotic and probiotic supplementation has emerged as a promising microbiome-targeted strategy for ASD; however, its effects on gut microbiome composition, functional potential, and clinical outcomes remain incompletely understood. We conducted a longitudinal study of Mexican children diagnosed with ASD to analyze changes in the composition, diversity, and functional potential of the gut microbiome during six months of multi-strain synbiotic supplementation. Methods: Stool samples were collected from 25 children with ASD at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of multi-strain synbiotic supplementation. Gut microbiome composition and diversity were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, whereas whole metagenome sequencing (WMS) was performed in a subset of samples to evaluate the functional potential of the fecal microbiome. Gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed using the Rome IV criteria, and ASD severity was evaluated with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Results: Twenty-five children with ASD completed the 6 months of synbiotic supplementation. Overall, ASD severity decreased, reflected by a reduction in total CARS score, and improvements in several CARS domains. Gastrointestinal symptoms also decreased significantly. Longitudinal microbiome profiling revealed significant taxonomic and diversity changes over the supplementation period, while WMS identified changes in microbial metabolic potential, including enrichment of tryptophan biosynthesis pathways and reduced L-rhamnose degradation. Conclusions: This exploratory research provides proof-of-concept evidence supporting multi-strain synbiotic supplementation in children with ASD. Larger controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings and clarify their relevance to microbiota-gut-brain axis interactions. The observed concordance between clinical improvements and microbiome remodeling supports further investigation of microbiome-targeted interventions according to ASD severity and duration of supplementation.},
}

Humans
*Autism Spectrum Disorder/microbiology/therapy
Male
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics
Female
Mexico
Longitudinal Studies
*Synbiotics/administration & dosage
Child
Feces/microbiology
Child, Preschool
Probiotics/administration & dosage
Dietary Supplements
Treatment Outcome
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
Dysbiosis/microbiology

@article {pmid42588079,
year = {2026},
author = {Araf, Y and Portlock, T and O'Sullivan, JM},
title = {The Impact of Nutrition on DNA Methylation: Methodological Challenges in Understanding Cause and Effect.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {18},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nu18152453},
pmid = {42588079},
issn = {2072-6643},
support = {//University of Auckland/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *DNA Methylation ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; *Nutritional Status/genetics ; Animals ; *Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/genetics ; Epigenomics/methods ; Developmental Origins of Health and Disease ; },
abstract = {DNA methylation is a key epigenetic mechanism linking nutritional exposures to gene regulation and downstream phenotypes. Both undernutrition and overnutrition are associated with distinct methylation signatures, some of which persist beyond the initial exposure window and may relate to long-term metabolic, immune, and neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, the extent to which these associations reflect causal mechanisms, adaptive responses, or secondary effects remains unresolved. Here, we synthesize current evidence on how nutrition influences DNA methylation across the life course, integrating biochemical pathways, metabolic signaling, and microbiome-derived processes within a unified framework. We highlight how these diverse inputs converge on core regulatory axes, including methyl donor availability, enzyme activity, and chromatin context. We then evaluate emerging long-read sequencing, single-cell methylomics, deconvolution strategies, and multi-omic integration methodologies that are improving cellular resolution and enabling a more mechanistic interpretation of nutritional epigenetic variation. Despite these advances, major challenges remain, including tissue specificity, measurement limitations, and the difficulty of distinguishing causation from correlation in observational data. We argue that progress will depend on longitudinal and interventional study designs, improved causal inference frameworks, and integration of functional validation with high-resolution molecular profiling. Addressing these challenges will be critical for determining whether nutrition-associated methylation changes represent biomarkers, mediators, or causal drivers of disease, and for translating epigenetic insights into precision nutrition strategies.},
}

Humans
*DNA Methylation
*Epigenesis, Genetic
*Nutritional Status/genetics
Animals
*Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/genetics
Epigenomics/methods
Developmental Origins of Health and Disease

@article {pmid42588087,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, Z and Zhang, Y and Shi, Y and Luo, X and Wei, Z and An, P and Luo, Y and Luo, J},
title = {Chinese Yam Polysaccharides Alleviate Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Modulating Gut Microbiota, Restoring Mitochondrial Function, and Reducing Oxidative Stress.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {18},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nu18152464},
pmid = {42588087},
issn = {2072-6643},
support = {32570908//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32571359//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32371229//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 82470442//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 82170429//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 7262078//Beijing Natural Science Foundation/ ; 2024GZkf-05//State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/ ; PC2023B01014//Pinduoduo-China Agricultural University Research Fund/ ; B18053//111 project from the Education Ministry of China/ ; NA//2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; *Polysaccharides/pharmacology ; *Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/drug therapy/prevention & control ; *Dioscorea/chemistry ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Mitochondria/drug effects/metabolism ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Biomarkers/blood ; *Mitochondria, Heart/drug effects/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains a critical challenge in cardiovascular disease management. Although Chinese yam polysaccharides (CYPs), the primary bioactive macromolecules isolated from Dioscorea opposita Thunb, exhibit well-documented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, their cardioprotective efficacy against acute I/R injury and the underlying multiscale mechanisms remain unexplored. This study investigated the protective effects of CYPs using an in vivo mouse model of myocardial I/R injury. Methods: An in vivo mouse model of myocardial I/R injury was used to evaluate the effects of 7-day prophylactic CYPs treatment (400 mg/kg). Echocardiographic and histological analyses were performed, and serum myocardial injury biomarkers, oxidative stress indicators, pro-inflammatory cytokines, mitochondrial ultrastructure, ATP bioenergetics, mitochondrial respiratory chain gene expression, and gut microbiota composition were assessed. Results: Echocardiographic and histological analyses revealed that CYPs pretreatment significantly ameliorated cardiac dysfunction, as indicated by increased LVEF from 28.98% to 57.68% and reduced myocardial infarct size by 36.73% compared with the I/R group and decreased serum myocardial injury biomarkers, including CK-MB, LDH, and LDH-1. Mechanistically, CYPs exerted robust cardioprotection by mitigating oxidative damage, with MDA levels reduced by 28.83% and SOD activity increased to 1.76-fold that of the I/R group, and suppressing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including Tnf-α, Il-6, and Il-1β. Crucially, CYPs intervention preserved mitochondrial ultrastructure and ATP bioenergetics, and levels increased to 1.51-fold that of the I/R group and upregulated the expression of essential mitochondrial respiratory chain genes, including mt-Nd1, mt-Nd4l, mt-Cyb, mt-CoII, and mt-Atp6. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing showed that CYPs treatment reshaped gut microbiota and elevated the relative abundance of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant beneficial genus Akkermansia. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings provide novel evidence that CYPs confer profound protection against myocardial I/R injury through a multitargeted network involving the restoration of mitochondrial homeostasis, attenuation of oxidative inflammation, and modulation of the gut microbiome, highlighting CYPs as a promising functional food-derived candidate for adjunctive therapy in ischemic heart disease.},
}

Animals
*Oxidative Stress/drug effects
*Polysaccharides/pharmacology
*Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/drug therapy/prevention & control
*Dioscorea/chemistry
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
Male
Mice
Disease Models, Animal
Mice, Inbred C57BL
*Mitochondria/drug effects/metabolism
Antioxidants/pharmacology
Cytokines/metabolism
Biomarkers/blood
*Mitochondria, Heart/drug effects/metabolism

@article {pmid42588088,
year = {2026},
author = {Inchingolo, AM and Severino, M and Marinelli, G and Casamassima, L and Nardelli, P and Ciccarese, D and Palermo, A and Inchingolo, F and Inchingolo, AD and Dipalma, G},
title = {The Oral-Gut-Brain Axis in Pediatric Populations: The Implications of Oral Dysbiosis for Systemic Inflammation and Neuroinflammation.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {18},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nu18152465},
pmid = {42588088},
issn = {2072-6643},
mesh = {Humans ; *Dysbiosis/microbiology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; *Inflammation/microbiology ; Child ; *Neuroinflammatory Diseases/microbiology ; *Brain ; *Mouth/microbiology ; Adolescent ; Probiotics ; Child, Preschool ; },
abstract = {Background: The oral microbiome plays a fundamental role in maintaining local and systemic health during childhood, a developmental period characterized by dynamic microbial, immune, and neuroendocrine maturation. Increasing evidence suggests that oral dysbiosis may influence gut microbiota composition, systemic inflammation, and neuroinflammatory pathways through the oral-gut-brain axis. Aim: This narrative review aimed to summarize and critically evaluate current evidence regarding the relationship between oral dysbiosis, gut microbial alterations, systemic inflammation, and neurodevelopmental processes in pediatric populations. Methods: A search of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, including studies published between January 2016 and April 2026. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and reviews investigating at least one component of the oral-gut-brain axis in children or adolescents. Results: Current evidence supports a biological interaction between oral and gut microbiota through microbial translocation and immune-mediated mechanisms. Oral dysbiosis may contribute to gut microbial imbalance, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and systemic low-grade inflammation. Altered gut microbiota has been associated with neuroinflammatory signaling, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation, and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Furthermore, pediatric randomized controlled trials suggest that probiotics and synbiotics can modulate oral and gut microbial composition, improve selected inflammatory and immune biomarkers, and reduce salivary cortisol levels. Conclusions: The oral-gut-brain axis represents a promising framework for understanding the systemic consequences of oral dysbiosis during childhood. However, direct evidence integrating oral, intestinal, immunological, and neurodevelopmental outcomes remains limited, highlighting the need for longitudinal and multidisciplinary pediatric studies.},
}

Humans
*Dysbiosis/microbiology
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
*Inflammation/microbiology
Child
*Neuroinflammatory Diseases/microbiology
*Brain
*Mouth/microbiology
Adolescent
Probiotics
Child, Preschool

@article {pmid42588089,
year = {2026},
author = {Jeon, HJ and Moon, JS and Jeong, HM and Bang, WY and Kim, H and Kim, D and Shin, M and Yang, J and Shin, J and Jung, YH},
title = {Heyndrickxia coagulans IDCC 1201 Alters Gut Microbiome and Metabolome in Patients with Functional Bowel Disorders.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {18},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nu18152466},
pmid = {42588089},
issn = {2072-6643},
support = {RS-2025-02216704//Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry/ ; 202400352752//National Research Foundation of Korea/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; Male ; *Metabolome/drug effects ; Adult ; Female ; Feces/microbiology ; Double-Blind Method ; *Irritable Bowel Syndrome/microbiology/metabolism/therapy/drug therapy ; Middle Aged ; Quality of Life ; *Probiotics/therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Metabolomics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; },
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Functional bowel disorders (FBDs) are chronic gastrointestinal conditions that substantially impair quality of life. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigated the effects of Heyndrickxia coagulans IDCC 1201 (COA 1201) in adults with FBD. Methods: Participants received COA 1201 or a placebo for 8 weeks, with outcomes assessed using the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) Symptom Severity Score (IBS-SSS), IBS Quality of Life (IBS-QOL), and bowel activity measures. And Fecal microbiome and metabolomics were measured by 16S rRNA gene sequencing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Results: Both groups showed improvement from baseline, but COA 1201 produced greater symptom relief, particularly in abdominal bloating, post-defecation discomfort, and the body image domain of IBS-QOL. Fecal microbiome profiling revealed modest changes in global diversity, yet taxa linked to saccharolytic activity and short-chain fatty acid production-including Ruminococcus bromii, Agathobacter rectalis, and Bifidobacterium-were enriched in participants receiving COA 1201, whereas Clostridium leptum increased in those receiving a placebo. Untargeted metabolomics demonstrated distinct metabolic signatures between groups, confirmed by supervised partial least squares discriminant analysis. Exploratory metabolites were identified using variable importance in projection scores (>1.5), statistical significance (p < 0.05), and absolute log2 fold change (>1). Alanine and proline emerged as time-dependent metabolites, while tryptophan, lactic acid, and phytosphingosine were specifically associated with COA 1201 treatment. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings suggest that COA 1201 alleviates FBD symptoms by modulating the gut microbiome and metabolome.},
}

Humans
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
Male
*Metabolome/drug effects
Adult
Female
Feces/microbiology
Double-Blind Method
*Irritable Bowel Syndrome/microbiology/metabolism/therapy/drug therapy
Middle Aged
Quality of Life
*Probiotics/therapeutic use
Treatment Outcome
Metabolomics
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S

@article {pmid42588092,
year = {2026},
author = {Dissanayaka, DMS and Rainey-Smith, SR and Sohrabi, HR and Jayasinghe, TN and Ho, V and Jayasena, V and Taddei, K and Masters, CL and Martins, RN and Fernando, WMADB},
title = {Gut Microbiome Changes in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {18},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nu18152469},
pmid = {42588092},
issn = {2072-6643},
mesh = {*Alzheimer Disease/microbiology/metabolism ; Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism ; Animals ; Diet ; Brain/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that develops many years before clinical symptoms appear. The biological changes involved in the earliest stages remain poorly understood, particularly during the preclinical stage. Our previous work has identified gradual gut microbial and metabolic changes during this stage, suggesting these may represent early biological shifts that precede disease progression. Recent studies suggest that the gut microbiome may contribute to early AD processes through its effects on immune regulation, metabolism, and gut-brain communication. Changes in gut microbial composition, including reduced levels of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, and Eubacterium, have been reported in individuals with AD and mild cognitive impairment. These microbial alterations have also been linked to disrupted metabolic activity, impaired gut barrier function, and increased neuroinflammatory responses. Diet is an important factor influencing gut microbial composition and metabolic activity. Mediterranean, DASH, and prudent dietary patterns are generally associated with beneficial microbial profiles and increased SCFA production, whereas Western dietary patterns are linked to lower microbial diversity and increased pro-inflammatory taxa. This review summarises the current evidence linking gut microbiota, SCFAs, microbial metabolism, and dietary patterns with early AD pathology, while highlighting important gaps in the existing literature.},
}

*Alzheimer Disease/microbiology/metabolism
Humans
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism
Animals
Diet
Brain/metabolism

@article {pmid42588100,
year = {2026},
author = {Kryczyk-Poprawa, A and Rząsa-Duran, E and Varga, JT and Lehoczki, A and Zábó, V and Fazekas-Pongor, V and Major, D and Csípő, T and Szappanos, Á and Lipécz, Á and Fekete, M},
title = {Gut Microbiota-Targeted Nutrition for Healthy Aging: Mechanistic Roles of Polyphenols and Dietary Fiber in Geroscience.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {18},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nu18152478},
pmid = {42588100},
issn = {2072-6643},
support = {TKP2021-NKTA-47//Ministry of Innovation and Technology/ ; RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00003//Ministry of Innovation and Technology/ ; No. 101004093/EUniWell/EAC-A02-2019/EAC-A02-2019-1//European University for Well-Being (EUniWell) program/ ; the Cooperative Translational Research Program (KTKP)//the Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Polyphenols/pharmacology/administration & dosage ; *Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology/drug effects ; *Healthy Aging/physiology ; *Geroscience ; Aging ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Age-related alterations in the gut microbiota contribute to chronic low-grade inflammation, immune dysregulation, metabolic dysfunction, frailty, sarcopenia, and cognitive decline. Dietary polyphenols and fermentable fiber modulate microbial composition and metabolism, promoting the production of bioactive metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, indole derivatives, and urolithins, which regulate intestinal barrier integrity, immune homeostasis, mitochondrial function, and gut-organ communication. This narrative review critically synthesizes evidence from experimental studies, observational cohorts, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses to examine microbiota-mediated mechanisms linking these dietary components to healthy aging within the geroscience framework. Although mechanistic evidence is compelling, translation into clinically meaningful aging outcomes remains limited because most intervention studies are small and heterogeneous and primarily rely on surrogate biomarkers. Current evidence supports polyphenol- and fiber-rich dietary patterns as biologically plausible strategies for promoting healthy aging through modulation of the gut microbiota; however, establishing causal relationships will require standardized microbiome methodologies, validated microbiome-derived biomarkers, integrated multi-omics approaches, and adequately powered longitudinal studies and randomized controlled trials.},
}

Humans
*Polyphenols/pharmacology/administration & dosage
*Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage/pharmacology
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology/drug effects
*Healthy Aging/physiology
*Geroscience
Aging
Animals

@article {pmid42588107,
year = {2026},
author = {Jagłowska, K and Folwarski, M and Chroboczek, M and Potrykus, M and Kaczmarczyk, M and Skonieczna-Żydecka, K and Kaczor, JJ},
title = {Multistrain Probiotic Supplementation Combined with a Standardized Diet Did Not Significantly Affect Exercise Performance or Inflammatory Responses in Male Endurance Runners: A Randomized Controlled Trial.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {18},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nu18152484},
pmid = {42588107},
issn = {2072-6643},
support = {2021/41/N/NZ4/02364//National Science Centre, Poland (NCN)/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *Probiotics/administration & dosage ; Double-Blind Method ; *Running/physiology ; *Dietary Supplements ; Adult ; *Physical Endurance/physiology ; *Inflammation ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood ; Interleukin-6/blood ; Creatine Kinase/blood ; Oxygen Consumption ; *Diet ; *Athletic Performance/physiology ; Biomarkers/blood ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; },
abstract = {Background: Gut microbiota may influence metabolic and inflammatory responses to exercise through the gut-muscle axis, and probiotic supplementation has been proposed to support adaptation and recovery in endurance athletes. However, evidence in trained populations is inconsistent and is confounded by variability in diet, probiotic strains, dose, and intervention duration. We tested whether a multistrain probiotic, administered against a fully standardized diet, would affect exercise performance and inflammatory, metabolic, and muscle-damage responses. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 30 trained male long-distance runners were randomized and 27 completed the study (probiotic [PRO], n = 13; placebo [PLA], n = 14). All participants followed a standardized, normocaloric meal-box diet for four weeks. Aerobic capacity (peak oxygen uptake, VO2peak; primary outcome) was assessed by an incremental treadmill test and anaerobic performance by a 30 s Wingate test, before (PRE) and after (POST) supplementation. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), creatine kinase (CK), and lactate (LA) were measured around exercise. Outcomes were analyzed with linear mixed-effects models; the primary estimand was the group × phase interaction. Results: VO2peak did not differ between groups over time (PLA 55.00 ± 7.60 → 57.33 ± 8.41; PRO 55.40 ± 7.85 → 53.14 ± 5.95 mL·kg[-1]·min[-1]; group × phase -3.5 mL·kg[-1]·min[-1], 95% CI -7.0 to -0.1; nominal p = 0.044, not significant after FDR correction, adjusted p = 0.707). No group × phase or group × phase × sampling-time interaction was significant for IL-6, TNF-α, LA, or CK (all interaction p > 0.15), indicating that supplementation did not modify the exercise-induced response of any biomarker; exercise itself robustly increased IL-6, TNF-α, and LA in both groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In trained male endurance runners consuming a standardized diet, four weeks of multistrain probiotic supplementation did not significantly affect aerobic or anaerobic performance, LA response, muscle-damage markers, or circulating inflammatory cytokines compared with placebo. Adequately powered trials with prespecified primary endpoints and direct microbiome assessment are needed.},
}

Humans
Male
*Probiotics/administration & dosage
Double-Blind Method
*Running/physiology
*Dietary Supplements
Adult
*Physical Endurance/physiology
*Inflammation
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood
Interleukin-6/blood
Creatine Kinase/blood
Oxygen Consumption
*Diet
*Athletic Performance/physiology
Biomarkers/blood
Gastrointestinal Microbiome

@article {pmid42588119,
year = {2026},
author = {Temneanu, OR and Mihai, A and Olariu, R and Oros, M and Ioniuc, I and Lupu, VV and Lupu, A and Grudnicki, A and Roșu, MF and Șerban, R and Avasiloaiei, AL and Popovici, P},
title = {From Diet to Dysbiosis: How Nutritional Factors Shape Gut Microbiota and Drive Airway Inflammation in Pediatric Asthma.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {18},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nu18152496},
pmid = {42588119},
issn = {2072-6643},
mesh = {Humans ; *Dysbiosis/microbiology ; *Asthma/microbiology/epidemiology/immunology/etiology ; Child ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; *Diet/adverse effects ; Inflammation ; },
abstract = {Asthma prevalence in school-age children varies widely by geography, from below 5% in some regions to above 20% in others, averaging 10-12% across industrialized countries, but genetic factors account for less than 40% of disease liability. Gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as a critical intermediary between early-life dietary exposure and immunological trajectories that determine asthma susceptibility. Through the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly butyrate, propionate, and acetate, commensal bacteria regulate dendritic cell function, promote T-regulatory (Treg) cell differentiation, and attenuate Th2-polarized airway inflammation via the gut-lung axis. Epidemiological cohorts including CHILD, WHEALS, and PASTURE associate early-life dysbiosis and reduced Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii with increased asthma risk, while dietary patterns rich in fermentable fibre, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and diverse plant-based foods are associated with preserved microbial diversity and, in preclinical models, attenuated type-2 inflammatory signalling. This narrative review synthesizes mechanistic and epidemiological evidence on how nutritional exposures shape gut microbiota composition and influences asthma onset and severity in paediatric populations, including the distinct obesity-related asthma phenotype. Critical gaps, insufficient dietary intervention trials with microbiome endpoints, methodological heterogeneity across cohorts, and the paucity of data from non-Western populations are discussed, with implications for preventive nutritional counselling in paediatric allergology practice.},
}

Humans
*Dysbiosis/microbiology
*Asthma/microbiology/epidemiology/immunology/etiology
Child
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
*Diet/adverse effects
Inflammation

@article {pmid42588134,
year = {2026},
author = {Rzeski, W and Rzeska, W},
title = {Natural Bioactive Compounds Targeting Key Hallmarks of Aging: Functional Food Potential of Spermidine, Fisetin, Berberine, and Urolithin A.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {18},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nu18152511},
pmid = {42588134},
issn = {2072-6643},
mesh = {Humans ; *Coumarins/pharmacology ; *Aging/drug effects ; Flavonols/pharmacology ; *Spermidine/pharmacology ; *Berberine/pharmacology ; *Functional Food ; *Flavonoids/pharmacology ; Animals ; Autophagy/drug effects ; },
abstract = {Naturally derived bioactive compounds that modulate aging-associated mechanisms have attracted growing research interest, yet few reviews examine how such compounds might act together. This narrative review examines four mechanistically distinct compounds, namely spermidine, fisetin, berberine, and urolithin A, as emerging functional food ingredients with scientifically supported effects on key hallmarks of human aging. Spermidine, a dietary polyamine from wheat germ and fermented foods, induces autophagy through EP300 inhibition and is associated with reduced all-cause mortality in prospective studies. Fisetin, a flavonoid from strawberries and apples, exerts senolytic activity by selectively eliminating senescent cells via PI3K/AKT and Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibition, with emerging clinical evidence. Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid from Berberis species, modulates metabolic dysfunction via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and reshapes gut microbiota composition through direct high intraluminal exposure, with the most extensive clinical dataset of the four compounds. Urolithin A, a gut microbiome-derived postbiotic from ellagitannins in pomegranates and nuts, induces mitophagy via PINK1/Parkin and has been evaluated in a growing number of registered human clinical trials. Together, the four compounds primarily target distinct but complementary aging-associated pathways (autophagy, senolysis, metabolic regulation, mitophagy), suggesting rational potential for combined functional food formulations. Limited direct evidence for their combined use and the need for dedicated co-administration studies are discussed, alongside bioavailability, safety, and regulatory considerations.},
}

Humans
*Coumarins/pharmacology
*Aging/drug effects
Flavonols/pharmacology
*Spermidine/pharmacology
*Berberine/pharmacology
*Functional Food
*Flavonoids/pharmacology
Animals
Autophagy/drug effects

@article {pmid42588144,
year = {2026},
author = {Santic, R and Kumric, M and Pavlovic, N and Bozic, J},
title = {Food Additive Mixtures, Glucose Metabolism, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Risk: Mechanistic Insights from Epidemiology, Human Intervention Studies, and Experimental Models.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {18},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nu18152521},
pmid = {42588144},
issn = {2072-6643},
mesh = {Humans ; *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology/etiology ; *Food Additives/adverse effects ; Animals ; *Blood Glucose/metabolism ; *Glucose/metabolism ; Risk Factors ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; },
abstract = {Food additives are consumed as mixtures in ultra-processed foods, but their independent contribution to glucose dysregulation is difficult to separate from diet quality and food matrix. PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and CENTRAL were searched from inception to 30 April 2026, followed by a supplementary PubMed update on 26 July 2026. This critical narrative review integrates epidemiological, human-intervention, animal, ex vivo, and mechanistic evidence. Successive NutriNet-Santé analyses associate several additive co-exposure profiles, emulsifiers, preservatives, food colouring additives, and non-nutritive sweeteners with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, these analyses use substantially overlapping participants, lack independent additive-specific cohort replication, and remain vulnerable to residual confounding. Experimental evidence is strongest for selected emulsifiers and sweeteners, which may alter gut microbiota, intestinal barrier function, inflammatory signalling, or short-term glycaemic responses. No human trial has demonstrated the complete pathway from additive exposure to clinically meaningful insulin resistance or diabetes, and null or compound-specific findings argue against a uniform class effect. Current evidence therefore supports biological plausibility, not causality or additive-specific clinical recommendations. Longer controlled feeding trials should test realistic mixtures while holding the food matrix constant and should incorporate exposure validation, repeated microbiome and metabolomic sampling, intestinal permeability measures, and validated insulin-sensitivity endpoints.},
}

Humans
*Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology/etiology
*Food Additives/adverse effects
Animals
*Blood Glucose/metabolism
*Glucose/metabolism
Risk Factors
Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects

@article {pmid42588172,
year = {2026},
author = {Wu, Y and Zhao, Y and Yao, W and Yang, Y and Bai, H and Bao, S and Li, X and Song, Y},
title = {Gut-Liver Axis Dysfunction in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease and the Potential Role of Sheep Yogurt: A Scoping Review and Mechanistic Framework.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {18},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nu18152549},
pmid = {42588172},
issn = {2072-6643},
support = {2026KJTW0005//Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region's "Tech Breakout" Initiative: "Open Call for Technical Champions"/ ; No.10000-A22103030//2022 Inner Mongolia University "Steed Plan" high-level talent funding/ ; 2022YFD1302202//the National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Yogurt/microbiology ; *Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/physiopathology/microbiology ; Sheep ; *Liver/physiopathology ; Humans ; Intestinal Barrier Function ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; },
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is driven by gut-liver axis dysfunction, including intestinal barrier disruption, dysbiosis, microbial translocation, inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and malnutrition. Fermented dairy foods may modulate several of these domains, yet whether sheep yogurt, as an intact fermented dairy matrix, is relevant in ALD is unknown. This scoping review mapped evidence relevant to sheep yogurt, ALD, and gut-liver axis biology. Methods: A PRISMA-ScR-guided scoping review searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar from January 2006 to February 2026. Eligible sources were charted using a prespecified framework classifying evidence as direct, indirect, or mechanistic inference. Mapped domains included ALD pathophysiology; intestinal barrier integrity; bacterial and fungal microbial ecology; bile acid and tryptophan-aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling; nutritional vulnerability; fermented dairy interventions; and ovine dairy-matrix characteristics. Results: Of 1388 records identified, 121 sources were included after duplication and screening. No eligible study directly tested sheep yogurt or a defined sheep yogurt preparation in ALD-relevant experimental or clinical settings. Indirect evidence supported the relevance of gut-liver axis dysfunction to ALD and indicated that selected fermented dairy products, probiotics, postbiotics, and microbial preparations may influence intestinal permeability, inflammatory signaling, microbial ecology, oxidative stress, and liver-injury outcomes. Compositional data supported sheep yogurt as a distinct food matrix. However, findings from isolated components, probiotic-only interventions, and non-ALD models could not be interpreted as evidence of sheep yogurt efficacy in ALD. Conclusions: The current literature supports a hypothesis-driven research framework rather than any therapeutic claim for sheep yogurt in ALD. Any potential benefit of sheep yogurt in ALD remains hypothetical and cannot support clinical or dietary recommendations until validated experimentally. Future direct, comparator-controlled studies of intact sheep yogurt should assess liver injury, barrier integrity, microbial translocation, relevant metabolites, and nutrition-related outcomes.},
}

Animals
*Yogurt/microbiology
*Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/physiopathology/microbiology
Sheep
*Liver/physiopathology
Humans
Intestinal Barrier Function
Gastrointestinal Microbiome

@article {pmid42588197,
year = {2026},
author = {Johnston, CS},
title = {The Case for Vinegar Ingestion.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {18},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nu18152574},
pmid = {42588197},
issn = {2072-6643},
mesh = {*Acetic Acid/metabolism/administration & dosage ; Humans ; Fermentation ; Animals ; Acetates/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Acetate is emerging as an influencer of wellbeing. The interest in acetate parallels the mounting reports of preclinical and small-scale clinical investigations over the past two decades suggesting the health benefits of vinegar, a dietary source of acetic acid along with fermented and pickled foods. Additionally, acetic acid is generated during fermentation by the gut microbiome and is considered a main benefit of the gut microbiome. However, numerous factors adversely impact acetic acid production by gut microbiota such as medications, disease states, and low fiber intakes. Since acetic acid rapidly deprotonates when entering the blood stream, it is a source of systemic acetate. A third source of acetate is endogenous production by various tissues via deacetylation reactions, and endogenous acetate production is 2-fold that generated by microbiota fermentation. This narrative review highlights acetate metabolism and impacts on health parameters as well as the role of vinegar in health promotion as an exogenous source of acetic acid.},
}

*Acetic Acid/metabolism/administration & dosage
Humans
Fermentation
Animals
Acetates/metabolism

@article {pmid42588414,
year = {2026},
author = {Bălăceanu-Gurău, B and Sotiri, I and Girštautė, P and Șmocot-Stănescu, AP and Voinea, IA and Bărbulescu, AL and Cortese, A},
title = {Microbiome-Directed Bioactive Strategies in Skin Aging: Mechanistic Insights and Precision Nanocarrier Delivery Approaches.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {31},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/molecules31152563},
pmid = {42588414},
issn = {1420-3049},
mesh = {Humans ; *Skin Aging/drug effects ; Skin Microbiome ; Animals ; *Nanoparticles/chemistry ; *Microbiota ; Drug Carriers/chemistry ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Skin/microbiology/drug effects ; Probiotics/administration & dosage ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Prebiotics/administration & dosage ; },
abstract = {Skin aging is a multidimensional biological process driven by intrinsic chronological changes, exposomal stress, endocrine-metabolic shifts, extracellular matrix remodeling, inflammaging, oxidative injury, barrier impairment, and microbiome dysbiosis. This review integrates current evidence on the endocrine-microbiome-skin axis and evaluates microbiome-directed bioactive strategies for preserving cutaneous homeostasis during aging. Particular attention is given to probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics, phytoestrogens, polyphenols, bioactive peptides, antioxidants, mitochondrial protectors, adaptogens, and metabolic modulators. Their mechanisms are discussed in relation to collagen homeostasis, mitochondrial function, lipid barrier integrity, immune regulation, microbial metabolite signaling, and systemic endocrine-metabolic status. The review also examines advanced delivery platforms, including liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, polymeric nanocarriers, nanoemulsions, encapsulated microbiome-active systems, and stimuli-responsive carriers, emphasizing their potential to improve compound stability, skin retention, controlled release, and target-site precision. Translational limitations are critically addressed, including strain and formulation specificity, insufficient long-term safety data, incomplete nanocarrier toxicology, regulatory ambiguity, and the need for personalization according to hormonal, metabolic, and microbiome profiles. Overall, microbiome-directed bioactive compounds combined with precision delivery systems represent a promising, but still evolving, strategy for delaying skin aging and restoring cutaneous homeostasis.},
}

Humans
*Skin Aging/drug effects
Skin Microbiome
Animals
*Nanoparticles/chemistry
*Microbiota
Drug Carriers/chemistry
Antioxidants/pharmacology
Skin/microbiology/drug effects
Probiotics/administration & dosage
Drug Delivery Systems
Prebiotics/administration & dosage

@article {pmid42588462,
year = {2026},
author = {Savo Sardaro, ML and Kuthyar, S and Dada, O and Deivassagayame, N and Tran, M and Kern, R and Koenig, S and Seidman, Y and Atallah, M and Amato, KR},
title = {How Complex Dietary Fibers Can Be Used to Shape the Human Gut Microbiome Toward Reduced Inflammatory Potential: A Pilot Study.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {31},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/molecules31152613},
pmid = {42588462},
issn = {1420-3049},
mesh = {*Dietary Fiber/pharmacology ; Humans ; Pilot Projects ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Feces/microbiology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; Fermentation ; *Inflammation/microbiology ; Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism ; Pectins ; Bacteria/genetics/classification ; Inulin ; },
abstract = {Microbiome-linked pathologies in humans have significantly increased over recent decades, suggesting that lifestyle changes, particularly those related to diet, have contributed to the disruption of beneficial microbial composition and functions. Specifically, modern processed diets that are low in dietary fiber and high in fat and sugar can lead to the depletion of bacterial taxa over generations and contribute to chronic inflammatory diseases. These pathologies can potentially be prevented by increasing fiber intake, making the promotion of dietary fiber crucial for human health. Despite the recognized importance of fiber integration, there remains a significant gap in the understanding of the use of multiple dietary fibers in food to promote microbiota diversity, as well as which dietary fibers promote specific microbial taxa to restore symbiosis. To address this gap, we conducted an in vitro fermentation study using fecal samples from two individuals. We tested three types of dietary fibers of varying complexity: inulin, pectin, and dextran in a β-glucan-based medium. Samples were collected over a 48 h fermentation period (0-4-8-24-32-48 h) to evaluate temporal shifts in microbial composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. Through 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we found that the introduction of different fibers steered the microbiota of both individuals toward a convergent trajectory by 24-48 h. This result indicated that fiber complexity can reduce inter-individual variation in microbial community structure. Distinct levels of polysaccharide complexity between fiber types modulated specific bacterial taxa, supporting the concept that consuming a diversity of dietary fiber acts on complementary microbial niches. Notably, the observed shifts toward butyrate-associated taxa and reduction of pro-inflammatory lineages with dextran/β-glucan are relevant for pathologies characterized by dysbiosis, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Together, these results underscore the value of incorporating multiple fibers into food production, including fermented foods, to enhance prebiotic properties, stimulate the growth of fiber-fermenting bacteria, and promote microbial diversity. While these observations derive from a controlled in vitro pilot setting, they support the concept that multi-fiber dietary strategies based on complementary fermentable fibers with prebiotic properties may help shift the microbiome away from a pro-inflammatory state. Accordingly, dietary guidelines and public health approaches aimed at reducing chronic disease risk may benefit from emphasizing the inclusion of composite fiber blends rather than relying solely on single-fiber supplementation.},
}

*Dietary Fiber/pharmacology
Humans
Pilot Projects
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
Feces/microbiology
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
Fermentation
*Inflammation/microbiology
Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism
Pectins
Bacteria/genetics/classification
Inulin

@article {pmid42588524,
year = {2026},
author = {Hwang, JH and Nam, EY},
title = {Intravaginal Formulation Strategies for Vaginal Disorders: Optimizing Phytochemical and Biological Preparations-A Review.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {31},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/molecules31152676},
pmid = {42588524},
issn = {1420-3049},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Phytochemicals/administration & dosage/chemistry/therapeutic use ; Administration, Intravaginal ; *Probiotics/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; *Vaginal Diseases/drug therapy ; Vagina/drug effects ; Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies ; *Biological Products/administration & dosage/therapeutic use/chemistry ; Drug Compounding ; },
abstract = {Recurrent vaginal disorders remain a significant clinical challenge despite available antimicrobial and hormonal therapies. Therefore, natural, probiotic, and biological intravaginal preparations have been investigated as locally delivered adjunctive or supportive approaches for infectious, inflammatory, and atrophic vaginal conditions, with growing attention to how dosage form, mucosal retention, drug release, and patient acceptability influence clinical utility. This structured narrative review of 119 studies across six databases synthesizes clinical evidence for phytochemical-based and biological intravaginal preparations, organized into five formulation categories: creams and gels, suppositories and vaginal tablets, douches and washes, probiotic preparations, and combined phytochemical-biological preparations. Across formulation types, creams and gels were associated with application convenience and local symptom relief, whereas suppositories and vaginal tablets offered longer mucosal contact, dosing precision, and sustained exposure. Herbal intravaginal preparations were the most diverse, encompassing traditional medicine-derived creams, gels, suppositories, tablets, washes, and fumigation-based approaches. Among these, Zataria multiflora- and Sophora flavescens-based formulations were supported by comparatively consistent clinical signals. Probiotic preparations provided an important microbiome-directed model, whereas combined phytochemical-biological preparations remained preliminary. These findings support moving beyond active ingredient selection toward intravaginal formulation optimization. However, heterogeneity in formulations, comparators, outcome measures, and follow-up durations limited direct comparisons across studies.},
}

Humans
Female
*Phytochemicals/administration & dosage/chemistry/therapeutic use
Administration, Intravaginal
*Probiotics/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
*Vaginal Diseases/drug therapy
Vagina/drug effects
Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies
*Biological Products/administration & dosage/therapeutic use/chemistry
Drug Compounding

@article {pmid42588556,
year = {2026},
author = {Forte, L and Ponnampalam, EN and De Palo, P and Kowalczuk-Vasilev, E and Quiñones, J and Salem, AZM and Maggiolino, A},
title = {Transformation of Agro-Industrial By-Products into High-Value Animal-Derived Foods: Bioactive Compounds, Microbiome-Mediated Biotransformation, Metabolomic Traceability and Circular Valorization.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {31},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/molecules31152710},
pmid = {42588556},
issn = {1420-3049},
mesh = {Animals ; Biotransformation ; *Microbiota ; *Metabolomics ; *Animal Feed/analysis ; Polyphenols ; },
abstract = {Agro-industrial by-products are increasingly considered as feed resources for circular animal production, but their value should not be interpreted only as a low-cost replacement of conventional ingredients. This scoping review critically examines how by-products from grape, olive, tomato, citrus, cereal, brewery, oilseed and vegetable processing chains may contribute to the development of high-value animal-derived foods. Particular attention is given to bioactive compounds, polyphenols, carotenoids, tocopherols, fermentable fibres and residual lipids, as well as to microbiome-mediated biotransformation, host metabolic pathways, compound transfer, product-quality modulation, feed safety and circular valorization. Available evidence indicates that selected by-products can influence milk, cheese, meat, eggs and fish products by modifying fatty acid profile, oxidative stability, antioxidant-related traits, pigmentation, volatile compounds, shelf-life and, in some cases, the transfer of specific metabolites to edible products. However, these responses depend on by-product source, processing method, inclusion level, active dose, animal species, basal diet and analytical endpoints. Chemical richness alone is therefore insufficient to support functional claims. Stronger evidence requires studies that connect matrix characterization, processing stability, microbial and host-mediated transformation, biological intermediates and final product quality within the same experimental design. Precision circular feeding should therefore combine local availability, safety, active-dose definition, metabolomic and lipidomic traceability, and product-level validation to support reproducible improvements in high-value animal-derived foods.},
}

Animals
Biotransformation
*Microbiota
*Metabolomics
*Animal Feed/analysis
Polyphenols

@article {pmid42588607,
year = {2026},
author = {Hachani, M and Gwenzi, T and Schöttker, B and Puschhof, J and Stein-Thöringer, C and Panagiotou, G and Brenner, H and Hoffmeister, M},
title = {The Association Between Gut Microbiome and Cachexia in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {18},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cancers18152387},
pmid = {42588607},
issn = {2072-6694},
support = {101169068//European Commission/ ; },
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is complicated by cachexia, a wasting syndrome with muscle and fat loss that worsens survival and treatment outcomes. Evidence suggests that the gut microbiome may contribute to CRC cachexia, but its role remains unclear. This systematic review synthesizes evidence to identify microbial signatures linked to cachexia hallmarks in CRC. Methods: The protocol was pre-registered with PROSPERO and followed PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for studies on CRC patients and preclinical models with cachexia. Eligible studies compared microbiota composition between cachectic and non-cachectic groups to identify alterations linked to cachexia progression. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and CAMARADES checklist. Results: Of 2456 records, 15 studies met inclusion criteria, including 13 preclinical studies and 2 clinical studies. Study quality was moderate for preclinical studies and high for clinical cohort studies. Murine CRC cachexia models showed reduced alpha diversity and beta diversity shifts. Butyrate-producing taxa were depleted, whereas Enterobacteriaceae and other pathobionts were enriched. Some microbial changes were independent of food intake and linked to inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and muscle wasting. Clinical evidence was limited to two reports from the same cohort, in which higher pre-surgical abundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum and lower Porphyromonas and Actinomyces spp. were associated with cachexia onset. Conclusions: Current evidence suggests an association between CRC-associated cachexia and gut microbiome alterations, but causality, directionality, and clinical relevance remain uncertain.},
}

@article {pmid42588665,
year = {2026},
author = {Subhadra, B and Green, R and Kempaiah, P and Bobban, N and Robinson, LA and Mohapatra, S},
title = {Live Biotherapeutic Zowell Reprograms Microbiota-Lipid Crosstalk to Enhance Cisplatin Efficacy in Lung Cancer.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {18},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cancers18152447},
pmid = {42588665},
issn = {2072-6694},
support = {IK6BX004212//United States Department of Veterans Affairs/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Lung cancer (LC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, often compounded by suboptimal chemotherapy efficacy and systemic toxicity. Emerging evidence implicates the gut microbiota in modulating tumor progression, immune function, and treatment outcomes.

METHODS: We evaluated Zowell, a novel live bacterial therapeutic (LBT) developed via LiveBiom[®] co-fermentation, as an adjunct to cisplatin in a murine LC model harboring humanized microbiota. Mice were assigned to treatment groups: Zowell alone, cisplatin alone, their combination, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) as a benchmark.

RESULTS: Zowell monotherapy significantly reduced tumor burden, and its combination with cisplatin produced synergistic anti-tumor effects. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed enrichment of beneficial taxa (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Allobaculum) and suppression of contextual genera (Clostridium and Akkermansia). Treatment rebalanced gut ecology, evidenced by a lowered Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and increased alpha diversity. Zowell outperformed FMT in reducing tumor volume and inflammatory indices. Lipidomic profiling of tumor tissues identified elevated levels of immunomodulatory lipid mediators, including resolvins and prostanoids, suggesting remodeling of the tumor microenvironment toward inflammation resolution and immune activation.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings support Zowell as a precision microbiome therapeutic that potentiates chemotherapy through gut microbial reprogramming and tumor lipid signaling modulation, offering translational promise for enhancing immunotherapeutic response and mitigating chemotherapy-induced toxicity.},
}

@article {pmid42588703,
year = {2026},
author = {Luongo, C and Di Santillo, R and Cadavere, A and Oglio, F and Pisapia, L and Gaeta, A and Scocco, C and López-Cánovas, JL and Michelini, M and De Aloe, M and Lintura, A and Chumsri, S and Canani, RB},
title = {Postbiotics Against Breast Cancer: A Narrative Review Bridging Preclinical Evidence with Potential Clinical Application.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {18},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cancers18152486},
pmid = {42588703},
issn = {2072-6694},
support = {E63C22002570006//Ministry of Health/ ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, causing more than 600,000 deaths every year. The human microbiome is increasingly recognized as a key regulator of cancer initiation, progression, and therapeutic response. Postbiotics-defined as non-viable microbial cells and/or their structural components and metabolites that confer health benefits-are emerging as promising and safer alternatives to live probiotics in oncology. This review provides a comprehensive mechanistic overview of the potential role of postbiotics against cancer, with a specific focus on breast cancer. Preclinical evidence demonstrates that selected postbiotics exert dose- and time-dependent anticancer effects against multiple breast cancer subtypes by modulating key oncogenic pathways (such as PI3K/AKT and NF-κB) and inducing epigenetic regulation through histone deacetylase inhibition. Beyond direct effects on tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis, postbiotics influence the breast cancer microenvironment by reshaping cytokine networks, suppressing pro-metastatic inflammation, and enhancing antitumor immune responses through the activation of NK cells and T cells. We also provide emerging links between microbiome composition, estrobolome activity, and breast cancer subtype-specific biology. Despite these encouraging findings, the clinical translation of postbiotics in oncology remains limited. Currently, only one registered clinical trial investigates postbiotics in the oncology setting (melanoma), and no clinical trials have specifically evaluated postbiotics in breast cancer patients. This highlights a substantial translational gap between preclinical evidence and clinical application. Accordingly, well-designed, tumor-specific clinical trials are urgently needed to validate the safety, efficacy, and therapeutic potential of postbiotics as novel strategies in personalized breast cancer management.},
}

@article {pmid42588704,
year = {2026},
author = {Wysocki, PJ and Kwinta, Ł and Wysocka, E},
title = {Predictive Biomarkers of Metronomic Chemotherapy Response in Solid Tumors: Chasing an Elusive Signal.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {18},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cancers18152488},
pmid = {42588704},
issn = {2072-6694},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Metronomic chemotherapy (MCT), understood as continuous, low-dose cytotoxic administration without prolonged drug-free intervals, has become an established strategy in several solid tumors, acting primarily through antiangiogenic, immunomodulatory, and direct cytostatic mechanisms rather than replication-dependent cytotoxicity. Despite an expanding evidence base, including positive randomized trials, validated predictive biomarkers of response remain unavailable.

METHODS: We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov (January 2000 to July 2026) for phase II/III randomized trials, prospective cohorts, and selected retrospective analyses of MCT in breast cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, NSCLC, and mCRC, and extracted biomarker data from embedded translational substudies of eligible trials.

RESULTS: In breast cancer, phase III SYSUCC-001 (adjuvant metronomic capecitabine, improved DFS in TNBC) and MECCA (metronomic capecitabine plus aromatase inhibitor in HR+/HER2- disease) provide the strongest evidence, supported by randomized phase II data for the VEX regimen (METEORA-II) and MCT-anti-PD-1 combinations. TEMPO LUNG established metronomic vinorelbine as effective in platinum-unfit NSCLC, while CAIRO3 confirmed metronomic capecitabine-bevacizumab as an effective mCRC maintenance therapy. Most recently, the phase III TMC-I trial extended positive randomized evidence to head and neck cancer. Candidate biomarkers span angiogenic, immune, tumor proliferative, molecular, pharmacodynamic cytokine, on-treatment clinical (adverse-event-based), and gut-microbiome domains, with FOXC1, circulating endothelial cell kinetics, VEGF pathway markers, and regulatory T-cell dynamics among the most promising; however, none has been prospectively validated in a dedicated confirmatory trial.

CONCLUSIONS: MCT has moved from empirical use to an evidence-based strategy across multiple tumor types, but the lack of validated predictive biomarkers limits informed patient selection. Future trials should incorporate biomarker-driven designs, particularly FOXC1, endothelial cell kinetics, and immune profiling as co-primary objectives. Defining an MCT-sensitive biological phenotype remains the key translational challenge for the field.},
}

@article {pmid42588764,
year = {2026},
author = {Otithi, SMBA and Rana, MS and Islam, MS and Zaki, RM and Ali, S and Rabbee, MF and Hasan, MM and Baek, KH},
title = {Harnessing Trichoderma Species for Sustainable Biocontrol: Mechanisms, Formulation Strategies, Commercialization, and Field Applications.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/plants15152260},
pmid = {42588764},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {BANBESI; LS20221858//Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University/ ; PSAU/2025/R/1447//Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University/ ; KFU26//King Faisal University/ ; RS-2025-02223124//Rural Development Administration/ ; },
abstract = {Trichoderma species are widely investigated and commercially applied as eco-friendly biocontrol agents in sustainable agriculture. These filamentous fungi protect plants through multiple complementary mechanisms, including mycoparasitism, antibiosis, competition for nutrients and ecological niches, and induction of systemic resistance in host plants. These activities are mediated by a diverse array of secondary metabolites, hydrolytic enzymes, and signaling pathways that collectively suppress pathogens and enhance plant health. Beyond disease control, selected Trichoderma strains promote plant growth by improving nutrient acquisition, modulating phytohormone signaling, and increasing tolerance to abiotic stresses. This review summarizes recent advances in the mechanisms underlying Trichoderma spp. mediated biocontrol, with particular emphasis on secondary metabolites, formulation strategies, commercialization, and field applications. Commercial products are available in various formulations, including wettable powders, granules, and liquid preparations, and have demonstrated efficacy against several economically important plant diseases under field conditions. However, their performance remains highly dependent on strain characteristics, host species, environmental conditions and agricultural practices, resulting in inconsistent efficacy across agroecosystems. Recent progress in genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics has substantially improved our understanding of Trichoderma-plant-pathogen interactions and revealed considerable strain-specific variation in biocontrol and plant growth-promoting traits. Future research should prioritize strain-specific optimization, formulation stability, microbiome-informed applications, and improved field predictability. Overall, Trichoderma spp. Represents a valuable component of integrated disease management, offering an effective and sustainable alternative to synthetic pesticides.},
}

@article {pmid42588777,
year = {2026},
author = {Datta, P and Samira, R},
title = {Plant-Microbe Interactions in Sorghum Nutrient Acquisition: Roles of Rhizosphere Microbes and N, P, and K Transporters.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/plants15152273},
pmid = {42588777},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {Sorghum bicolor is an important cereal crop because of its tolerance to drought, high temperature, and low input requirements. However, the low productivity of sorghum is still due to the inadequate nutrient status and inappropriate use of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). These nutrients are essential for plant growth, metabolism, abiotic stress tolerance, and yield development. Nutrient uptake in sorghum is regulated by the plant, the rhizosphere microbiome, and close interactions between the root system and membrane-localized transporter systems. This review summarizes the molecular interaction between the root and microbes that control the N, P, and K transporter genes in sorghum. It initially describes the architecture of sorghum roots, root exudation, and the key elements that govern rhizosphere microbiome assembly. It goes on to explain the molecular structure of significant nutrient transport systems, such as nitrate, ammonium, phosphate, and potassium transporters. Other important microbial groups related to nutrient uptake identified include diazotrophs, phosphate-solubilizing, potassium-mobilizing, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The focus is specifically on the interaction of plants and microbes that affect transporter gene expression and symbiotic acquisition of nutrients. In general, the review highlights an integrated framework of the interaction of root characteristics, microbial communities, and transporter networks in the process of controlling nutrient uptake in sorghum, and it determines valuable directions for future studies and crop enhancement.},
}

@article {pmid42588811,
year = {2026},
author = {Sun, X and Liu, Y and Ye, P and He, L and Dai, S and Kuang, Z and Jiang, Q and Zeng, H},
title = {Effects of an Isolate of Bacillus subtilis on Southern Blight Severity of Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux and Its Rhizosphere Microbial Community.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/plants15152308},
pmid = {42588811},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {'10+9' ZZCX-60//Independent Innovation and Expansion Research Plan of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ ; SCCXTD-2024-19//Sichuan Innovation Team of the Chinese National Modern Agriculture Industry Technology System/ ; CARS-21-21//National Chinese Medicinal Materials Technology System/ ; },
abstract = {Southern blight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is a devastating soil-borne disease of Aconitum carmichaelii, a medicinal plant widely cultivated in China. Biological control using beneficial bacteria offers a sustainable alternative to chemical fungicides. This study investigated the influence of Bacillus subtilis FZ-7 on rhizosphere microbiome assembly and disease suppression in A. carmichaelii under field conditions. Four treatments were established: uninoculated control (C group), single inoculation with B. subtilis (B group), single inoculation with S. rolfsii (S group), and co-inoculation of S. rolfsii and B. subtilis (BS group). Plant biomass, soil physicochemical properties, and rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and ITS genes, along with co-occurrence network analysis. Results showed that B. subtilis inoculation suppressed this growth suppression. B. subtilis alone enhanced both bacterial and fungal diversity. PCoA and LEfSe analyses revealed distinct microbial community structures among treatments, with biomarkers such as Lactobacillus, Candidatus Nitrosotalea, Rhodanobacter, and Sphingomonas for bacteria, and Trichocladium, Conocybe, Plectosphaerella, and Athelia for fungi. Co-occurrence network analysis indicated that co-inoculation of S. rolfsii and B. subtilis partially restored cooperative microbial associations. Soil organic matter, pH, and cation exchange capacity were the main environmental factors shaping microbial community composition. Shoot fresh weight in BS recovered to 2.98 kg and rhizome fresh weight to 3.72 kg, representing 73.0% and 41.2% increases over the S treatment. Additionally, the disease index was reduced by 55.26 in BS compared with the control group. Nay more, Bacillus, Chujaibacter, and Rhodanobacter taxa were significantly enriched in BS group. In conclusion, B. subtilis FZ-7 effectively mitigates southern blight in A. carmichaelii by modulating rhizosphere microbial assembly, enriching beneficial taxa, and stabilizing microbial co-occurrence networks, highlighting its potential as a biocontrol agent for sustainable medicinal plant production.},
}

@article {pmid42588843,
year = {2026},
author = {Hao, M and Chen, C and Li, J and Lv, L and Jin, H and Yang, F},
title = {Xanthan Oligosaccharide Seed Coating Promotes Wheat Growth and Stress-Related Physiological Reprogramming via Hormone Signaling and Plant-Microbe Associations.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/plants15152340},
pmid = {42588843},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {Grant No. 3250162066//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32072160//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2025-MSLH-050//Liaoning Institute of Science and Technology/ ; },
abstract = {Oligosaccharides are plant immune elicitors with recognized roles in seed germination, root development and stress regulation. However, most studies have focused on single oligosaccharides or the independent effects of rhizosphere microorganisms. The coordinated regulation of plant physiological networks and microbial communities by oligosaccharide-based seed coatings remains poorly understood, especially for xanthan oligosaccharides. Here, using wheat root transcriptomics, rhizosphere 16S rRNA sequencing, and physiological assays, we found that a xanthan oligosaccharide composite seed coating significantly improved germination potential, germination rate and seedling vigor. It promoted root and shoot growth under field conditions, optimized the balance of auxin, gibberellin and abscisic acid, activated endosperm hydrolytic enzymes and accelerated nutrient mobilization. Transcriptomics revealed stage-specific regulation of membrane lipid metabolism, hormone signaling, antioxidant defense, carbon/nitrogen metabolism and ABC transporters. Microbiome analysis showed selective enrichment of beneficial genera (Devosia, Paenarthrobacter, Citricoccus), which were positively associated with root nitrogen metabolism and MAPK signaling. Collectively, the coating promoted wheat growth and was associated with stress-related physiological and molecular responses; however, direct stress-challenge and functional-validation experiments are required to verify stress-tolerance mechanisms.},
}

@article {pmid42588906,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhao, L and Yang, Z and Zhang, W and Wang, Q and Tan, S and Mao, P and Ma, W},
title = {Differential Effects of Polyethylene and Polystyrene Microplastics on the Composition and Functional Attributes of the Oat (Avena sativa L.) Rhizosphere Microbiome.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/plants15152403},
pmid = {42588906},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {252102111112//The Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province/ ; },
abstract = {Microplastics (MPs) are increasingly accumulating in agricultural soils, while their effects on crop-associated rhizosphere microbial communities and ecological functions remain insufficiently understood, particularly for different polymer types. In this study, polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) microplastics with the same particle size (2 μm) were applied at different concentrations (0, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, and 5%, w/w) to investigate their effects on oat rhizosphere bacterial communities and predicted functional potentials. The results showed that microplastic addition significantly altered bacterial community diversity, composition, and predicted functional profiles. Compared to the control (Ctrl), the 1% PE treatment significantly reduced bacterial richness-related indices (p < 0.05), whereas PS mainly affected bacterial diversity. Microplastic treatments also reshaped dominant bacterial taxa and altered the predicted functional potentials associated with carbon and nitrogen cycling. In particular, the 1% PE treatment significantly reduced the predicted relative abundance of the carbon fixation-related gene cbbL (p < 0.05). In addition, high-concentration (5%) PE enhanced several predicted functional potentials related to nitrogen cycling, including nifH, ureA, and amoC. Overall, PE and PS microplastics induced polymer- and concentration-dependent changes in oat rhizosphere bacterial communities. These findings suggest that microplastic accumulation in agricultural soils may influence ecosystem processes by modifying microbial diversity and potential biogeochemical functions. This study provides new insights into the ecological consequences of different microplastic polymers in crop rhizosphere ecosystems and highlights the importance of considering polymer-specific effects when evaluating soil microplastic pollution.},
}

@article {pmid42588963,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, Y and Wu, C and Xu, A and Li, S and Qin, S and Gao, P and Zhu, H and Sui, Y and Lin, T},
title = {From Cellular Lysis to Microbial Explosion: Elucidating the Temporal Degradation and Spoilage Mechanisms of Frozen Mysid Shrimp as Seahorse (Hippocampus spp.) Feed.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {16},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ani16152325},
pmid = {42588963},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {2024QT02//the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute of CAFS/ ; 2023TD56//the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund of CAFS/ ; },
abstract = {Frozen mysid shrimp is the core feed for commercial seahorse aquaculture, yet quality deterioration caused by long-term cold storage severely constrains the survival and reproductive performance of seahorses. By integrating targeted metabolomics, physicochemical spoilage indicators, and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, this study multidimensionally analyzed the stage-specific mechanisms of nutritional degradation and microecological deterioration of mysid feed at -20 °C under fresh (0 months), short-term frozen (2 months), and long-term frozen (10 months) conditions. The results demonstrate that short-term storage (2 months) effectively suppresses microbial-induced spoilage of mysids; however, freeze-thaw stress triggers cellular lysis, leading to a significant depletion of key water-soluble feeding-attractant amino acids, notably glycine and aspartate. In contrast, long-term frozen storage (10 months) induces severe lipid peroxidation and a massive accumulation of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N). Microbiome analysis confirmed that the fundamental trigger for feed deterioration during the late storage stage is the explosive community succession of psychrotrophic specific spoilage organisms (SSOs), with Shewanella, Photobacterium, and Pseudoalteromonas emerging as the absolute dominant taxa. The highly active extracellular lipases and proteases secreted by these microbial communities extensively degrade the structural lipids of the feed, ultimately resulting in a paradoxical rebound in free fatty acid content during long-term storage. In summary, our research comprehensively details how freezing compromises diet quality through specific biological and chemical pathways. This establishes essential scientific groundwork aimed at refining commercial preservation techniques, executing precise dietary enrichments, and ultimately securing long-term viability across the captive Hippocampus breeding sector.},
}

@article {pmid42589087,
year = {2026},
author = {Moser, U and Hirsch, T and Obermüller, B and Singer, G and Wolfschluckner, V and Thurnher, D and Andrianakis, A},
title = {Nasopharyngeal Microbiome Differences Between Children with Hypertrophic Adenoids and Healthy Controls.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {15},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biology15151219},
pmid = {42589087},
issn = {2079-7737},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Adenoids play a pivotal role in immune system maturation during early childhood; however, pathological adenoid hypertrophy is associated with significant morbidity. Although infectious and immunological factors have been implicated, the role of the nasopharyngeal microbiome in adenoid hypertrophy remains incompletely understood.

METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, the nasopharyngeal microbiome of 26 children diagnosed with symptomatic hypertrophic adenoids was compared with that of 30 age-matched healthy controls with non-hypertrophic adenoids. Microbial profiling was performed using 16S rRNA (ribosomal ribonucleic acid)gene sequencing. Alpha and beta diversity, core microbiome, network and differential abundance analyses were performed.

RESULTS: Alpha diversity showed significant group differences (Fisher's alpha p = 0.048), while beta diversity was not significant. Both groups had a common core microbiome dominated by Moraxella, Haemophilus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium and Dolosigranulum, while Fusobacterium was identified exclusively in the study group. Dolosigranulum, Corynebacterium, Finegoldia and Micrococcus were characteristic in the control group, while Campylobacter, Paludibacteraceae, Fusobacterium, Escherichia-Shigella, Cutibacterium and Nocardia were typical in the study group.

CONCLUSIONS: When compared with healthy controls, children with symptomatic hypertrophic adenoids exhibit a distinct nasopharyngeal microbiome characterized by altered microbial community structure and shifts in specific bacterial taxa. These findings support a potential role of the microbiome in the pathogenesis of adenoid hypertrophy.},
}

@article {pmid42589172,
year = {2026},
author = {Yao, G and Wu, Y and Ren, M and Guo, X and Zhang, H and Tian, H and Xu, H and He, M},
title = {Rapid Post-Recovery Changes in the Gill Holobiont of the Deep-Sea Mussel Gigantidas haimaensis During Short-Term Ex Situ Maintenance.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {15},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biology15151305},
pmid = {42589172},
issn = {2079-7737},
abstract = {While chemosymbiosis offers deep-sea bathymodioline mussels a critical metabolic advantage, this dependence makes them vulnerable when removed from their native environment, and their early post-recovery dynamics remain poorly resolved. We maintained adult Gigantidas haimaensis collected from the Haima cold seep at atmospheric pressure and sampled gill tissues at 0, 3 and 9 h after collection. Coupled 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and RNA-Seq were used to follow changes in the gill microbiota, host transcription and descriptive temporal covariation. Methyloprofundus remained the dominant bacterial genus throughout the experiment, whereas Ca. Vesicomyosocius, the SUP05 cluster, and operational taxonomic units (OTUs) assigned to Vibrio and Pseudoalteromonas had higher relative abundances at 9 h in the descriptive analysis and exhibited positive temporal covariation. RNA-Seq showed a stronger transcriptional shift at 3 h than at 9 h. Stress-related genes, including HSP70, HSP105, Toll-like receptors, fibrinogen-related proteins, dual oxidase, thioredoxin-system genes, ferritin, taurine transporter and sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase, changed markedly, while energy-consuming ribosome biogenesis was suppressed to conserve energy under combined physical and nutritional stressors. The temporal patterns of Ca. Vesicomyosocius and other low-abundance bacterial signals coincided with broad host stress and immune and metabolic transcriptional changes; gene-level microbiome-transcriptome associations were exploratory and did not survive false-discovery-rate (FDR) correction. These results document rapid short-term transcriptional and microbiome changes after recovery, while their causal drivers and consequences require controlled validation.},
}

@article {pmid42589178,
year = {2026},
author = {Liu, C and Hu, R and Meng, Y and Niu, X and Cao, L and Zhang, Y},
title = {Portulaca oleracea L. Polysaccharide Alleviates AFB1-Induced Liver Injury in New Zealand Rabbits via the Gut-Liver Axis.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {15},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biology15151311},
pmid = {42589178},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {2024BQ14//Shanxi Agricultural University/ ; SXBYKY2024090//The education department of Shanxi Province/ ; S202510113016//Shanxi Agricultural University/ ; CARS-43-B-3//National Rabbit Industry Technology System Special Fund/ ; 6K265520004440//Shanxi Province Postdoctoral Special Financial Assistance Program/ ; },
abstract = {Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a prevalent mycotoxin contaminating food and environmental matrices that can induce hepatic injury, thereby posing a substantial threat to livestock production. Portulaca oleracea L. polysaccharide (POP) possesses diverse biological activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the protective effects of POP against AFB1-induced hepatic injury have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, a rabbit model of AFB1-induced hepatic injury was established to investigate the hepatoprotective mechanisms of POP. Histopathological examination and liver function assessments demonstrated that POP markedly ameliorated hepatic histopathological alterations and decreased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Molecular analyses further demonstrated that POP attenuated AFB1-induced oxidative stress and hepatocyte apoptosis, effects that were associated with activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and suppression of the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway. Furthermore, microbiome profiling and targeted short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolomics analyses indicated that POP supplementation contributed to the preservation of intestinal barrier integrity and intestinal microbiota stability, concurrent with the attenuation of AFB1-induced intestinal and hepatic injury and elevated SCFA production by intestinal microbes. Overall, POP exerts prominent preventive protective effects against AFB1-induced liver injury, which may be closely associated with alterations in intestinal microbiota composition and microbial short-chain fatty acid metabolism, as well as the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying AFB1-induced hepatic injury.},
}

@article {pmid42589187,
year = {2026},
author = {Abou-Emera, OK},
title = {Sustainable Protein Transitions: A Comprehensive Review of Insect Meal in Broiler Diets-Nutritional Value, Immunomodulatory Effects, Gut Health Interactions, and Future Perspectives.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {15},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biology15151320},
pmid = {42589187},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {QU-APC-2026//Qassim University/ ; },
abstract = {Broiler production keeps intensifying, and the environmental cost of the protein sources that feed it, principally soybean meal and fishmeal, has become harder to justify. Insect meal, derived chiefly from black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens), yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), and housefly larvae (Musca domestica), has emerged as a candidate able to address nutritional, immunological, and ecological goals at once. This review evaluates the evidence on the nutritional composition, digestibility, growth performance, immunomodulatory mechanisms, and gut health effects of insect meal in broiler diets, and weighs these findings against sustainability and economic considerations. The amino acid profile of insect meal is favorable, the fatty acid composition is distinctive, and bioactive compounds, chitin, antimicrobial peptides, and lauric acid among them, shape both innate and adaptive immune responses, reshape the gut microbiota, and reinforce mucosal integrity. Growth performance at partial replacement levels of soybean meal or fishmeal (5-15%) is broadly encouraging, although results differ across insect species, inclusion rate, and processing method. The immunomodulatory pathways involved, Toll-like receptor signaling, cytokine regulation, macrophage polarization, and immunoglobulin synthesis, converge on chitin acting simultaneously as a prebiotic substrate and an immune adjuvant. Critical knowledge gaps persist, including substantial variability in biological outcomes across insect species and rearing substrates, the absence of standardized processing protocols, limited mechanistic data from avian in vivo challenge models, and insufficient long-term validation under commercial production conditions. Cost and regulatory fragmentation across jurisdictions still constrain commercial uptake. Realizing the full potential of insect meal in sustainable broiler production will depend on multi-omics research, precision nutrition tools, and rigorous life-cycle assessment.},
}

@article {pmid42589219,
year = {2026},
author = {Ren, X and Wei, L and Liu, T and Wang, M and Chang, Z and Shu, J and Li, Z},
title = {α2-3-Sialylated Glycoproteins Attenuate Streptococcus mutans Virulence and Associated Host Inflammatory Responses.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms27156562},
pmid = {42589219},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {82370592//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2025 JC-YBMS-224//Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province/ ; },
mesh = {*Streptococcus mutans/pathogenicity ; Humans ; *Glycoproteins/metabolism/chemistry/pharmacology ; Virulence ; Biofilms/growth & development/drug effects ; Animals ; Cattle ; *Inflammation/metabolism/microbiology ; Keratinocytes/microbiology/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Polysaccharides/metabolism ; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid/metabolism ; *Streptococcal Infections/microbiology/metabolism ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; },
abstract = {Glycans attached to host glycoproteins play an important role in regulating oral microbial colonization and maintaining community balance. Our previous studies revealed that children exhibit lower levels of α2-3 sialylated glycan structures (SAα2-3Gal) than adults, raising the possibility that this age-associated glycan deficiency contributes to the heightened cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans. In this study, sialylated glycoproteins (Sia-GP) and corresponding desialylated controls (DeSia-GP and α2,3-DeSia-GP) were prepared from bovine milk-derived glycoproteins to investigate the functional contribution of SAα2-3Gal. Their effects on S. mutans were evaluated by assessing bacterial growth, acid production, biofilm formation and extracellular polysaccharide synthesis, while a human oral keratinocytes (HOK cells) infection model was used to examine epithelial cell viability, wound healing, and infection-associated inflammatory responses. The results showed that Sia-GP exerted only a transient inhibitory effect on early bacterial growth without affecting final biomass, but significantly attenuated acidogenic activity, biofilm formation, and extracellular polysaccharides production in a concentration-dependent manner. These inhibitory effects were markedly attenuated following removal of α2-3-linked sialic acids, demonstrating the essential role of SAα2-3Gal. In addition, Sia-GP alleviated S. mutans-induced cellular damage in HOK cells by improving cell viability, colony formation, and migration, while suppressing infection-associated inflammatory signaling. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that SAα2-3Gal effectively limits multiple virulence traits of S. mutans and attenuates S. mutans-induced damage in oral epithelial cells. This study provides mechanistic insights into glycan-mediated regulation of host-microbe interactions and suggests that the naturally low abundance of SAα2-3Gal in children may increase their susceptibility to S. mutans infection and caries development.},
}

*Streptococcus mutans/pathogenicity
Humans
*Glycoproteins/metabolism/chemistry/pharmacology
Virulence
Biofilms/growth & development/drug effects
Animals
Cattle
*Inflammation/metabolism/microbiology
Keratinocytes/microbiology/metabolism
Cell Line
Polysaccharides/metabolism
N-Acetylneuraminic Acid/metabolism
*Streptococcal Infections/microbiology/metabolism
Host-Pathogen Interactions

@article {pmid42589241,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, Q and Wang, BY and Wilus, D and Xie, H},
title = {Effects of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy on Dental Plaque Microbiome.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms27156584},
pmid = {42589241},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {R16GM149359/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; U54MD007586/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Dental Plaque/microbiology ; *Microbiota/genetics ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; *Periodontitis/microbiology/therapy ; Metagenome ; Dental Scaling ; Root Planing ; Metagenomics/methods ; },
abstract = {Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease affecting approximately 40% of U.S. adults aged 30 years and older, is characterized by dysbiosis of the dental plaque microbiome. However, although scaling and root planing (SRP) is the cornerstone of periodontal treatment, its effects on the taxonomic composition and functional potential of the dental plaque microbiome remain incompletely understood. In this study, we used whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing to characterize taxonomic composition and functional potential in dental plaque microbiomes collected from 39 patients with Stage II or III generalized periodontitis before and 3-4 months after SRP. Consistent with clinical improvement, periodontal therapy significantly reduced probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, and plaque index. Whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing identified 3.18 million non-redundant genes and 12,353 microbial species across 78 samples, revealing increased gene and species richness after treatment, along with a significant restructuring of the microbial community. Established periodontal pathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, as well as the emerging pathogens Escherichia coli and Burkholderia multivorans, decreased following treatment. Tannerella forsythia also showed a marked reduction after treatment, although this decrease was not significant after false discovery rate (FDR) correction. In contrast, health-associated early colonizers, including multiple Actinomyces species and Streptococcus cristatus, increased. Functional annotation using the Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZy) database identified significant treatment-associated differences in carbohydrate-active enzymes, including multiple glycosyltransferases, indicating remodeling of the predicted functional potential of the dental plaque microbiome. These findings demonstrate that successful SRP promotes coordinated taxonomic and predicted functional remodeling of the dental plaque microbiome and highlight the value of shotgun metagenomic sequencing for characterizing both taxonomic and functional recovery following periodontal therapy.},
}

Humans
*Dental Plaque/microbiology
*Microbiota/genetics
Female
Male
Adult
Middle Aged
*Periodontitis/microbiology/therapy
Metagenome
Dental Scaling
Root Planing
Metagenomics/methods

@article {pmid42589280,
year = {2026},
author = {Procopciuc, LM and Hangan, AC and Lucaciu, RL},
title = {The Gut-Brain Axis in Metabolic Syndrome: Emerging Mechanisms and Perspectives in Personalized Medicine.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms27156622},
pmid = {42589280},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Humans ; *Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism/microbiology/therapy/etiology ; *Precision Medicine/methods ; Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Brain/metabolism ; *Brain-Gut Axis ; Dysbiosis/metabolism ; Prebiotics ; },
abstract = {Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and impaired glucose metabolism, significantly increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Recent evidence highlights the important role of the gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of MetS through complex interactions between the gut microbiota, immune system, endocrine signaling, and host genetics. This narrative review provides an integrative overview of the mechanisms linking dysbiosis to metabolic dysfunction, with particular emphasis on gut microbiota alterations, intestinal permeability, chronic low-grade inflammation, and microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and lipopolysaccharides. The review also discusses the neural, endocrine, and immune pathways involved in gut-brain communication, including the role of gut-derived neurotransmitters in metabolic regulation. In addition, the contribution of host genetic susceptibility and epigenetic regulation is explored, highlighting how gene-microbiome interactions influence individual metabolic responses and disease risk. Recent advances in multi-omics technologies and precision medicine suggest that personalized approaches targeting both microbial and genetic factors may improve prevention and treatment strategies for MetS. Furthermore, microbiota-targeted interventions, including dietary modifications, probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, are discussed as emerging therapeutic perspectives. Overall, this review emphasizes the importance of considering MetS as a systemic disorder driven by interconnected biological networks involving microbiota, metabolism, immunity, and genetics.},
}

Humans
*Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism/microbiology/therapy/etiology
*Precision Medicine/methods
Animals
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome
*Brain/metabolism
*Brain-Gut Axis
Dysbiosis/metabolism
Prebiotics

@article {pmid42589293,
year = {2026},
author = {Markowska, A and Wolski, H and de Mezer, M},
title = {The Influence of Vaginal, Intestinal, and Tumor Tissue Microbiota on Selected Malignant Tumors in Women.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms27156636},
pmid = {42589293},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Microbiota ; *Vagina/microbiology ; Dysbiosis/microbiology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Breast Neoplasms/microbiology ; *Genital Neoplasms, Female/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Gynecological malignancies and breast cancer impose substantial health and economic burdens. This review examines how local and systemic microbiota may affect epithelial integrity, inflammation, estrogen metabolism, and immunity. The vaginal ecosystem is the most extensively studied female microbial niche. Cervical cancer serves as the most illustrative clinical example: loss of stable Lactobacillus crispatus dominance and increased prevalence of anaerobic bacteria (anaerobic dysbiosis) are associated with persistent HPV infection, which directly elevates the risk of cervical precancerous lesions. The estrobolome is particularly relevant in endometrial cancer, where intestinal bacterial beta-glucuronidase activity may increase estrogen reabsorption, particularly in obesity and metabolic disease. In ovarian cancer, microbiota is being studied as a possible risk modifier in BRCA1 carriers, but the evidence remains exploratory. In breast cancer, intratumoral bacteria may shape the immune microenvironment, particularly in triple-negative disease. The primary limitation of current research is methodological heterogeneity. Low-biomass samples, such as those from the ovary or endometrium, are highly susceptible to technical contamination. Most studies are cross-sectional and cannot establish causality. Current evidence supports microbiota as a modifier, not a standalone marker or a substitute for standard diagnosis and treatment. Its most plausible near-term role is in multiparameter risk or response models, pending standardized prospective validation.},
}

Humans
Female
*Microbiota
*Vagina/microbiology
Dysbiosis/microbiology
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome
*Breast Neoplasms/microbiology
*Genital Neoplasms, Female/microbiology

@article {pmid42589365,
year = {2026},
author = {Zanetta, P and Calgaro, M and Mellai, M and Vignoli, A and Marotta, M and Vitulo, N and Tenori, L and Manfredi, M and Barberis, E and Migliario, M and Armari, M and Caneparo, V and Squarzanti, DF and Allesina, M and Amoruso, A and Pane, M and Azzimonti, B},
title = {Effects of Probiotics and Vitamin D Deficiency Correction on Clinical, Inflammatory, Metabolic, and Microbiota Profiles in Older Adults with Oral Lichen Planus: A Multi-Omics Study.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms27156707},
pmid = {42589365},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {Fondi di Ricerca di Ateneo (FAR-2017) provided by UPO//University of Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro/ ; CUP B83C22004800006//European Union/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Lichen Planus, Oral/metabolism/microbiology/therapy/drug therapy ; Female ; Aged ; Male ; *Probiotics/therapeutic use/administration & dosage ; Multiomics ; *Vitamin D Deficiency/metabolism/drug therapy/complications ; Middle Aged ; Metabolomics/methods ; Saliva/metabolism ; Feces/microbiology ; Metabolome ; *Microbiota ; },
abstract = {Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory oral disease associated with immune dysregulation and malignant transformation risk. Vitamin D and probiotics may modulate immune and microbial pathways involved in OLP. In this study, we evaluated their effects on clinical outcomes and multi-omics profiles in 25 adult OLP patients (median age: 68 years). Vitamin D-deficient patients received 2000 IU/day vitamin D3, and all participants received a probiotic blend (Limosilactobacillus reuteri LRE11, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LR04, and Lacticaseibacillus casei LC04) for 16 weeks. Clinical assessments and analyses of saliva, serum, oral swabs, and stool samples were performed before and after treatment. Clinical outcomes improved significantly, with reductions in lesion number (p < 0.001), lesion size (p = 0.004), and bleeding lesions (p = 0.014); 76% of patients were classified as in remission. Vitamin D levels increased significantly among deficient patients receiving correction (p < 0.01). Salivary and fecal metabolomics showed significant remodeling of amino acid and carbohydrate pathways, including decreases in branched-chain amino acids in saliva and modulation of nicotinamide- and amino acid-related metabolites in feces. Microbiome α-diversity remained stable, whereas β-diversity shifted significantly across oral and fecal sites, with enrichment of Lacticaseibacillus and other context-dependent commensals. Multi-omics integration identified three latent factors linking salivary cytokines, microbial taxa, metabolites, and systemic lipid profiles, suggesting coordinated mucosal-metabolic-immune remodeling across the oral-gut axis.},
}

Humans
*Lichen Planus, Oral/metabolism/microbiology/therapy/drug therapy
Female
Aged
Male
*Probiotics/therapeutic use/administration & dosage
Multiomics
*Vitamin D Deficiency/metabolism/drug therapy/complications
Middle Aged
Metabolomics/methods
Saliva/metabolism
Feces/microbiology
Metabolome
*Microbiota

@article {pmid42589418,
year = {2026},
author = {Łętocha, A and Miastkowska, M and Sikora, E},
title = {Skin Microbiome in Health and Disease: Dysbiosis and the Emerging Role of Biotics in Therapy and Protection.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms27156763},
pmid = {42589418},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Humans ; *Skin Microbiome ; *Dysbiosis/microbiology/therapy ; Probiotics/therapeutic use ; Prebiotics/administration & dosage ; *Skin Diseases/microbiology/therapy ; Animals ; *Skin/microbiology ; COVID-19 ; Microbiota ; },
abstract = {The skin functions primarily as a protective physical shield, defending the body against harmful external factors such as invading microorganisms and toxic agents. When this barrier becomes impaired and skin microbiome homeostasis is disturbed, exacerbation of chronic skin diseases may occur, including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and acne. This issue became particularly important during the coronavirus pandemic, when it turned out that handwashing and disinfection removed not only impurities and pathogenic microorganisms but also beneficial components of the skin microbiome. This review provides a critical overview of recent advances in understanding the skin microbiome and its influence on skin health, as well as supportive therapies for the treatment of dermatoses. Contemporary therapeutic approaches focus not only on suppressing inflammatory symptoms but also on modulating the skin microbiome as part of a causal treatment strategy, in which prebiotics and probiotics play a significant role. Moreover, probiotics are also considered a valuable component of anti-aging approaches, as they may help counteract the detrimental effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the skin. By reducing oxidative stress, strengthening the epidermal barrier, and exerting immunomodulatory effects, they may complement traditional photoprotection methods. Nevertheless, further research-particularly into their long-term efficacy and safety-is essential to support their broader clinical and consumer application.},
}

Humans
*Skin Microbiome
*Dysbiosis/microbiology/therapy
Probiotics/therapeutic use
Prebiotics/administration & dosage
*Skin Diseases/microbiology/therapy
Animals
*Skin/microbiology
COVID-19
Microbiota

@article {pmid42589516,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, X and Han, Q and Wang, Y and Wang, Y and Li, Z and Wang, S and Fu, W and Li, H and Zhang, H and Shi, D and Huang, S},
title = {Dietary Acidifier Modulates the Gut Microbiota-Metabolic Axis to Improve Intestinal Health, Yolk Fatty Acid Profiles, and Egg Quality in Laying Hens.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms27156859},
pmid = {42589516},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {32472952//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; Chinese Universities Scientific Fund//Chinese Universities Scientific Fund/ ; CARS-40-K08//Special Fund for the China Agricultural Research System/ ; 2025//Fujian Provincial Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System - Poultry Industry Technology System Project/ ; 2024N0014//Agricultural Guiding (Key) Project of the Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology/ ; HBCT2023210202//Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System in Hebei Province/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Chickens/metabolism ; Female ; *Fatty Acids/metabolism ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; Dietary Supplements ; *Egg Yolk/metabolism/chemistry/drug effects ; Animal Feed/analysis ; *Intestines/drug effects/microbiology/physiology ; Cecum/microbiology ; *Eggs/standards ; Egg Shell/drug effects ; Metabolome ; Diet ; },
abstract = {Acidifiers are functional feed additives that may improve egg quality by modulating intestinal microbiota and host metabolism. This study investigated the effects of dietary acidifier supplementation on laying performance, yolk fatty acid composition, eggshell ultrastructure, intestinal function, cecal microbiota, serum metabolome, and antioxidant status in laying hens. Sixty 52-week-old Jingfen No. 6 laying hens were randomly assigned to either a control group or an acidifier-supplemented group for 6 weeks. Acidifier supplementation increased laying rate and egg mass while reducing the feed-to-egg ratio. It also increased the concentrations of seven yolk fatty acids, including tetradecanoic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, cis-vaccenic acid, and arachidic acid. In addition, acidifier supplementation resulted in a denser eggshell microstructure, improved cecal mucosal morphology, and enhanced the activities of lipase, chymotrypsin, amylase, and trypsin. Although cecal microbial alpha diversity remained unchanged, acidifier supplementation altered the overall microbial community structure and enriched several genera, including Slackia_A, Megasphaera_A, Veillonella_A, Merdimonas, and Caccocola. Serum metabolomic analysis identified 395 differential metabolites, primarily associated with lipid, amino acid, energy, and bile acid metabolism. Representative altered metabolites included taurodeoxycholic acid 3-glucuronide, LysoPE (0:0/20:0), 15-HETE, cholic acid, malic acid, and succinic acid. Acidifier supplementation also favorably affected serum HDL-C, LDL-C, and calcium concentrations and enhanced antioxidant capacity. Collectively, these findings indicate that dietary acidifier supplementation improves laying performance, yolk fatty acid deposition, eggshell structure, intestinal function, and antioxidant status, accompanied by alterations in cecal microbiota and serum metabolism. These coordinated changes may contribute to the observed improvements in egg quality.},
}

Animals
*Chickens/metabolism
Female
*Fatty Acids/metabolism
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
Dietary Supplements
*Egg Yolk/metabolism/chemistry/drug effects
Animal Feed/analysis
*Intestines/drug effects/microbiology/physiology
Cecum/microbiology
*Eggs/standards
Egg Shell/drug effects
Metabolome
Diet

@article {pmid42589527,
year = {2026},
author = {Coppini, M and Mauceri, R and Vacca, D and Bertolazzi, G and Caponio, VCA and Rodolico, V and Belmonte, B and Campisi, G},
title = {Longitudinal Exploratory Analysis of Salivary Microbiota Profiles in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Before and After Surgery: A Pilot Study.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms27156873},
pmid = {42589527},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Humans ; *Saliva/microbiology ; Pilot Projects ; *Mouth Neoplasms/microbiology/surgery ; Female ; Male ; *Microbiota ; *Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery/microbiology ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Longitudinal Studies ; Metagenomics/methods ; Bacteria/genetics/classification ; Adult ; Metagenome ; },
abstract = {Salivary microbiome profiling may represent a promising non-invasive approach for characterizing OSCC-associated microbial patterns and longitudinal microbiome dynamics during patient management. This exploratory pilot study aimed to longitudinally assess salivary microbiota profiles in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) before and after tumor resection using Oxford Nanopore Technology. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from 16 patients with OSCC at two time points (before and after tumor resection) and from 10 OSCC-free reference subjects. Microbial DNA was extracted using the QIAamp DNA Blood Kit (QIAGEN GmbH, Hilden, Germany) and subjected to long read metagenomic sequencing using the Oxford Nanopore MinION platform (v. 20.06.4, Oxford Nanopore Technologies, Oxford, UK). Taxonomic profiling was performed to longitudinally characterize salivary microbiota composition within patients and to provide descriptive comparisons with the OSCC-free reference cohort. Longitudinal analysis identified differences in salivary microbiota profiles between pre- and post-resection samples. Before surgery, an increased relative abundance of Neisseria subflava and Leptotrichia buccalis was observed. Post-surgical samples showed higher levels of Glaesserella parasuis, Streptomyces anulatus, and Lactobacillus species. Distinct microbial patterns were also descriptively observed between OSCC patients and OSCC-free controls, suggesting disease-associated dysbiosis. This exploratory longitudinal pilot study suggests differences in salivary microbiota profiles between samples collected before and after tumor resection in patients with OSCC, including changes in taxonomic composition and reduced alpha diversity. Given the limited sample size and the potential influence of unmeasured perioperative factors, these findings should be considered hypothesis-generating. Larger, well-controlled longitudinal studies incorporating standardized oral health assessment and detailed perioperative metadata are required to clarify the biological and clinical relevance of these observations.},
}

Humans
*Saliva/microbiology
Pilot Projects
*Mouth Neoplasms/microbiology/surgery
Female
Male
*Microbiota
*Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery/microbiology
Middle Aged
Aged
Longitudinal Studies
Metagenomics/methods
Bacteria/genetics/classification
Adult
Metagenome

@article {pmid42589590,
year = {2026},
author = {Nazir, U and Yang, Z and Zafar, MH and Wan, X and Yang, H},
title = {Alanyl-Glutamine Dipeptide Mitigates E. coli-Induced Pathogenesis in Hy-Line Brown Hens: Mechanistic Insights into Microbiome Modulation, Antioxidant Response, and Intestinal Integrity.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms27156936},
pmid = {42589590},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {ZA32411//Jurong Agricultural Technology Innovation Fund/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Dipeptides/pharmacology ; Chickens/microbiology ; *Escherichia coli/pathogenicity/drug effects ; *Escherichia coli Infections/veterinary/microbiology/drug therapy ; *Antioxidants/metabolism ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; Female ; Intestines/microbiology/drug effects ; Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects/metabolism/microbiology ; *Poultry Diseases/microbiology/drug therapy ; Dietary Supplements ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Animal Feed ; Intestinal Barrier Function ; },
abstract = {Escherichia coli (E. coli) infection in poultry triggers severe diarrhea and intestinal damage, ultimately disrupting gut function. Alanyl-glutamine (Aln-Gln) dipeptide not only exhibits potent gut-repairing efficacy but also restores barrier integrity and counters E. coli pathology through mucosal healing and immune modulation. In this study, the effects of Aln-Gln on microbiome modulation and intestinal integrity in growing hens challenged with E. coli were evaluated. The 250 healthy, Hy-line brown pullets (42 days old) were randomly divided into 5 experimental groups, each having five replicates of 10 chicks. Five dietary groups include a basal diet without added Aln-Gln and no E. coli challenge (NC), a basal diet without added Aln-Gln and orally administered 2.0 × 10[4] CFU/mL E. coli suspension (C), a basal diet added 0.1% Aln-Gln and orally administered 2.0 × 10[4] CFU/mL E. coli suspension (G1), a basal diet added 0.2% Aln-Gln and orally administered 2.0 × 10[4] CFU/mL E. coli suspension (G2) and a basal diet added 0.3% Aln-Gln and orally administered 2.0 × 10[4] CFU/mL E. coli suspension (G3). The results showed that dietary supplementation with 0.2% or 0.3% Aln-Gln effectively mitigated the adverse effects of an E. coli challenge, restoring body weight and feed intake to levels comparable to non-challenged controls. Aln-Gln supplementation (0.2-0.3%) reduced diarrhea severity, restored ileal morphology (villus height, crypt depth), improved antioxidant enzyme activity (GSH-Px, SOD), and reduced oxidative markers (MDA) (p < 0.05). Aln-Gln decreased pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, NO) and apoptotic (BAX) responses (p < 0.05) and enhanced barrier integrity. It rebalanced gut microbiota by suppressing pathogenic Clostridium (75% in C vs. 29.9% in G3) and increasing beneficial Lactobacillus in G2/G3 compared with C. These findings demonstrate Aln-Gln as a beneficial dietary additive that restores growth performance and gut integrity; reduces diarrhea severity, inflammation, and apoptosis; and improves antioxidant status as it rebalances gut microbiota.},
}

Animals
*Dipeptides/pharmacology
Chickens/microbiology
*Escherichia coli/pathogenicity/drug effects
*Escherichia coli Infections/veterinary/microbiology/drug therapy
*Antioxidants/metabolism
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
Female
Intestines/microbiology/drug effects
Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects/metabolism/microbiology
*Poultry Diseases/microbiology/drug therapy
Dietary Supplements
Oxidative Stress/drug effects
Animal Feed
Intestinal Barrier Function

@article {pmid42589664,
year = {2026},
author = {Fierro-Salgado, YT and Reiriz, M and Calleja-Conde, J and Cintado-Alzate, C and Bühler, KM and Morales-García, JA and López-Moreno, JA and Giné, E and Echeverry-Alzate, V},
title = {Alcohol Consumption and Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Primates: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms27157012},
pmid = {42589664},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; Humans ; Primates/microbiology/metabolism ; *Alcohol Drinking/metabolism ; *Metabolome ; Tryptophan/metabolism ; Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism ; Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Alcohol consumption has been increasingly associated with alterations in the gut microbiota and its metabolic activity; however, evidence regarding microbiota-derived metabolites remains fragmented. This systematic review aimed to synthesize current evidence on the effects of alcohol consumption on gut microbiota-derived metabolites in humans and non-human primates. The review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and included studies published between 2012 and 2026. Searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for human studies and the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) Risk of Bias tool for non-human primate studies. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising four non-human primate studies and eight human studies. Alcohol exposure was consistently associated with metabolomic alterations across multiple biological matrices. Recurrent findings included reductions in short-chain fatty acids, alterations in tryptophan-derived metabolites, changes in phenolic and aromatic amino acid-related compounds such as hippuric acid, and disturbances in bile acid and purine metabolism. Findings regarding microbial diversity and taxonomic composition were more heterogeneous, with several studies reporting reduced abundances of Faecalibacterium and related butyrate-producing taxa. Studies evaluating abstinence suggested partial recovery of both microbial and metabolomic alterations. Overall, the available evidence suggests that alcohol consumption is associated with alterations across several microbiota-related metabolic pathways, highlighting candidate metabolites that may contribute to alcohol-related pathophysiology and serve as potential translational biomarkers.},
}

Animals
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
Humans
Primates/microbiology/metabolism
*Alcohol Drinking/metabolism
*Metabolome
Tryptophan/metabolism
Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism
Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism

@article {pmid42589672,
year = {2026},
author = {Zeng, C and Chen, J and Yong, X and Xie, Y},
title = {Convergent Gut Microbiome Remodeling Across Ischemic Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, and Longevity Reveals a Shared Ecological Signature of Aging and Disease.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms27157020},
pmid = {42589672},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {cstc2021jcyj-msxmx0848//Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing/ ; BSKJ2022006//Bishan District Science and Technology Bureau/ ; 81773954//National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)/ ; 202310617015//National College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Program/ ; X2024160170123, X2026106170029//Chongqing College Students' Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Aging ; *Myocardial Infarction/microbiology ; *Longevity ; *Ischemic Stroke/microbiology ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Dysbiosis/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been associated with ischemic stroke (IS), myocardial infarction (MI), and aging, but whether these contexts share reproducible microbial features remains unclear. We conducted an exploratory and hypothesis-generating descriptive study of genus-level microbiota patterns across an internal IS cohort and publicly available external IS, MI, and age-stratified or longevity-associated datasets. Analyses were performed within predefined age strata and interpreted cautiously because of the small internal cohort, cross-cohort heterogeneity, and the absence of direct metabolite, intestinal barrier, inflammatory, or microbial activity measurements. No taxon in the internal cohort remained statistically significant after false-discovery-rate correction; therefore, all taxonomic observations were treated as descriptive. Candidate overlapping features included repeated detection of Escherichia-Shigella and Klebsiella and non-uniform patterns among genera previously associated with short-chain fatty acid metabolism, including Faecalibacterium, Blautia, and Roseburia. Lachnoclostridium and Bacteroides showed opposite abundance gradients in selected cross-dataset comparisons. These observations suggest possible ecological overlap across ischemic disease and age-associated microbiome contexts, but they do not establish causality, disease-specific biomarkers, or shared microbial function. The mechanistic models discussed in this manuscript are literature-informed hypotheses based on exploratory compositional data and require future validation in larger, harmonized longitudinal cohorts using metagenomic, metabolomic, clinical, and experimental measurements.},
}

Humans
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome
*Aging
*Myocardial Infarction/microbiology
*Longevity
*Ischemic Stroke/microbiology
Male
Female
Aged
Dysbiosis/microbiology

@article {pmid42589674,
year = {2026},
author = {Janah, I and Soussani, FE and Akensous, FZ and Ait-El-Mokhtar, M and Ben-Laouane, R and Meddich, A and Baslam, M},
title = {Seed Biopriming for Climate Stress Resilience: Molecular, Physiological, and Epigenetic Mechanisms.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms27157022},
pmid = {42589674},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {*Seeds/microbiology/genetics/physiology/metabolism ; *Stress, Physiological ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Climate Change ; Germination ; },
abstract = {The mutualistic association between plants and their seed-associated microbiota has emerged as a key determinant of crop productivity, influencing plant nutrition, immunity, and tolerance to abiotic stress. Seed biopriming, the controlled application of beneficial microorganisms to seeds before sowing, exploits this interaction to enhance germination, seedling establishment, and stress resilience. Unlike conventional chemical priming, seed biopriming induces coordinated molecular reprogramming through changes in the seed metabolome, proteome, and epigenome. This review synthesizes current evidence demonstrating that seed biopriming promotes the accumulation of osmoprotectants, strengthens antioxidant defenses, enhances secondary metabolism, and generates priming-specific proteomic responses. We further examine how these changes interact with phytohormonal signaling networks and epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and small RNA-mediated regulation, to establish stress memory and improve plant adaptation. The review also discusses recent advances in synthetic microbial communities and nanobiotechnology for improving inoculant stability and efficacy. Despite promising progress, large-scale application remains constrained by inconsistent field performance, formulation stability, and regulatory challenges. Finally, we highlight the integration of multi-omics and artificial intelligence as promising approaches to improve mechanistic understanding, optimize microbial selection, and accelerate the development of reliable seed biopriming strategies for sustainable agriculture under climate change.},
}

*Seeds/microbiology/genetics/physiology/metabolism
*Stress, Physiological
*Epigenesis, Genetic
Climate Change
Germination

@article {pmid42589861,
year = {2026},
author = {Butera, A and Maiorani, C and Scribante, A and Rodriguez Y Baena, R and Cucinella, L and Parrotta, GE and Nappi, RE},
title = {Oral Health Across the Menopausal Transition: Biological Pathways, Clinical Implications, and Future Perspectives.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm15155757},
pmid = {42589861},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Menopause is a complex physiological transition characterized by progressive estrogen deficiency and systemic biological changes that can affect multiple organs and tissues, including the oral cavity. Growing evidence suggests that hormonal fluctuations during the menopausal transition may influence periodontal health, salivary function, oral sensory perception, and overall oral health-related quality of life. Objective: This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the biological mechanisms and clinical manifestations associated with the relationship between menopause and oral health, with particular attention to periodontal outcomes, salivary changes, oral discomfort, dental status, and the potential role of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Methods: This narrative review was based on a structured literature search conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus to identify studies published between January 2005 and May 2026. Predefined eligibility criteria were applied to identify relevant human studies. The retrieved evidence was synthesized narratively according to major oral health domains and menopausal phenotypes. Results: Fifty studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, menopause was associated with poorer periodontal parameters, including increased probing depth, clinical attachment loss, and periodontal inflammation. Reduced salivary flow, dry mouth, altered salivary composition, burning symptoms, and taste disturbances were frequently reported in peri- and postmenopausal women. A higher prevalence of caries and tooth loss was also reported, although the contribution of age and other confounding factors varied across studies. New evidence suggests that estrogen deficiency may influence oral health through interconnected pathways involving immune regulation, bone metabolism, salivary gland function, and host-microbiome interactions. Evidence regarding the effects of HRT has been mixed, although several studies have reported improvements in salivary function and periodontal outcomes among treated women. Conclusions: Menopause appears to act as an important systemic modifier of oral health through multifactorial biological mechanisms. Menopause-associated oral manifestations go beyond local tissue changes and reflect broader interactions between hormonal status, inflammation, bone metabolism, and microbial ecology. Increased awareness among dental and medical professionals and a multidisciplinary approach could improve the prevention, diagnosis, and management of oral diseases in postmenopausal women. Further, well-designed longitudinal studies are needed to clarify causal relationships and identify effective therapeutic strategies.},
}

@article {pmid42589990,
year = {2026},
author = {Xu, W and Wang, M and Li, X and Li, Y and Wang, S and Sun, Y},
title = {Early Precise Prediction and Severe Risk Stratification of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: Advances and Future Directions in Clinical Translation from Traditional Models to Artificial Intelligence and Multi-Omics Technologies.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm15155887},
pmid = {42589990},
issn = {2077-0383},
support = {2025A03J3735 and 2025A04J4044//Guangzhou Institute of Science and Technology/ ; 2025A1515012552 and 2021A1515110714//Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a liver disorder unique to pregnancy, closely associated with severe adverse maternal and fetal outcomes such as preterm birth and intrauterine fetal death. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, metabolic, and environmental factors, with a higher risk observed in southern China and among individuals co-infected with hepatitis B virus. Substantial evidence demonstrates a significant dose-response relationship between serum total bile acid (TBA) levels and perinatal outcomes, with TBA ≥ 40 μmol/L commonly used as a criterion for severe ICP. However, most existing prediction models are based on single-center, retrospective studies with small sample sizes and insufficient external validation, limiting their clinical generalizability. In recent years, nomograms and machine learning methods have demonstrated advantages in the early prediction and risk stratification of ICP. Deep learning models and multi-omics integration strategies have further enhanced predictive accuracy. Nevertheless, challenges remain regarding model interpretability, data standardization, and cross-population applicability. Future research should leverage large-scale, multi-center prospective cohorts, integrating multi-omics technologies, including genomics, metabolomics, gut microbiome profiling with artificial intelligence to develop clinically actionable and interpretable risk prediction tools. Integrating these tools into electronic health record systems and mobile platforms may facilitate the early identification and individualized management of ICP, ultimately improving maternal and neonatal outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid42589999,
year = {2026},
author = {Alghoul, WI and Ashraf, R and Rafiuddin, S and Kharoufeh, AZH and Al-Shammari, WBJ and Abedi, M and Alabid, I and Patni, MM and Yousef, AJ and Hamdy, HA},
title = {The Urogenital Microbiome-Metabolic Interface in Postmenopausal Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection: Estrogen Deficiency, Diabetes, Obesity, and Microbial Reservoirs.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm15155895},
pmid = {42589999},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI) is common after menopause, but estrogen deficiency alone does not explain variation in recurrence, symptoms, and microbial profiles. This study aimed to synthesize evidence on the interactions among estrogen deficiency, urogenital microbial ecology, diabetes, obesity, microbial reservoirs, and anatomical, neurological, and functional modifiers of postmenopausal rUTI susceptibility. Methods: PubMed and Scopus were searched for original studies published from 1 January 2021 to 15 June 2026. A structured narrative synthesis included 62 original reports comprising clinical interventions, observational cohorts, microbiome and multi-omic studies, and cellular and animal experiments. Evidence was interpreted according to study design, population relevance, and biological directness. Results: Menopause was associated with reduced Lactobacillus dominance, higher vaginal pH, and altered vaginal or urinary communities, although findings were heterogeneous. Vaginal estrogen reduced recurrence and improved the local urogenital environment, but microbiome restoration is not established as its sole mechanism. Gut, rectal, vaginal, urinary, and bladder-wall reservoirs may contribute to persistence or repeated exposure. Diabetes was linked to dysbiosis and impaired urothelial defence, whereas obesity evidence remained less direct. Pelvic organ prolapse with incomplete emptying, elevated postvoid residual urine, age-related detrusor dysfunction, stroke, immobility, functional dependence, incontinence, and catheter exposure may further modify susceptibility. Conclusions: Postmenopausal rUTI is multifactorial. The urogenital microbiome-metabolic interface is a useful integrative framework, but not a validated causal or diagnostic model. Vaginal estrogen, urine culture, metabolic and bladder-function assessment, and antimicrobial stewardship remain the clinical foundation; microbiome-directed strategies require prospective validation.},
}

@article {pmid42590147,
year = {2026},
author = {Caruso, F and Manzi, A and Vigilante, L and Strina, I and Gallo, A and Di Spiezio Sardo, A and Fantuz, MR and Savarese, G},
title = {Does Gut-Endometrial Immunomodulation Promote Pregnancy in IVF Patients with Recurrent Implantation Failure and Chronic Endometritis Following Escherichia coli Nissle 1917?.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm15156045},
pmid = {42590147},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Background: Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) remains one of the most challenging conditions in reproductive medicine. Although increasing evidence implicates chronic endometritis (CE) and alterations of the endometrial microbiota in impaired implantation, the potential contribution of gastrointestinal dysfunction and intestinal dysbiosis remains poorly characterized. We hypothesized that, in a subgroup of women with pure RIF, reproductive failure may be associated with a broader mucosal phenotype involving both intestinal and endometrial compartments. Objective: To characterize the coexistence of gastrointestinal disorders, intestinal dysbiosis, CE, and endometrial microbial alterations in women diagnosed with pure RIF, and to descriptively report reproductive outcomes observed during subsequent multidisciplinary clinical management. Methods: This retrospective, single-centre, observational, hypothesis-generating study included women who met the strict ESHRE criteria for pure RIF, and were assessed at the "Federico II" IVF Centre, Naples, Italy. Patients underwent multidisciplinary assessment combining reproductive medicine, outpatient hysteroscopy, gastroenterological evaluation according to Rome IV criteria, conventional microbiological investigation and paired intestinal and endometrial microbiome characterization by 16S rRNA sequencing. Following clinical assessment, individualized gastroenterological management was undertaken according to routine practice. Reproductive outcomes were descriptively recorded during follow-up. Results: 19 women were analysed, all of whom met the Rome IV guidelines, and showed hysteroscopic and histologic signs of CE. Gut dysbiosis was identified in 94.7% (18/19) of patients, whereas endometrial microbial alterations were observed in 78.9% (15/19). In 84.2% (16/19) of the cohort, microbial profiles characterized by an abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in the intestinal and/or endometrial compartments were detected. Conventional microbiological positivity was present in less than half of patients, highlighting the distinction between microbiological infection and ecological microbial imbalance. During the follow-up period following completion of the personalized multidisciplinary treatment program, which included the administration of a well-characterized probiotic strain, Escherichia coli Nissle 1917, 11 women (57.9%) achieved a clinical pregnancy. Dysbiosis of the intestine was reported in 94.7% (18 out of 19) of participants, whereas endometrial microbiota disturbances were present in 78.9% (15 out of 19) of subjects. The Enterobacteriaceae-enriched microbiota profiles affecting the intestine and/or endometrium were seen in 84.2% (16 out of 19) of subjects. Out of 19 patients, 11 (57.9%) conceived during the follow-up period after gut-targeted treatment comprising Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. Conclusions: Women who meet strict criteria for pure RIF may represent a clinically identifiable subgroup characterized by the coexistence of gastrointestinal disorders, intestinal dysbiosis, CE, and endometrial microbial alterations. Rather than demonstrating therapeutic efficacy, the present study provides a translational and hypothesis-generating framework supporting the need for prospective validation of this integrated biological phenotype in women with pure RIF before evaluating personalized multidisciplinary management. Prospective controlled studies are warranted to evaluate whether gut-directed interventions may influence reproductive outcomes in this population.},
}

@article {pmid42590203,
year = {2026},
author = {Lungu, ID and Ilie, AC and Ștefăniu, R and Albișteanu, SM and Turcu, AM and Grigoraș, G and Constantinescu, DG and Pîslaru, AI and Alexa, ID},
title = {The Benefits of Non-Pharmaceutic Interventions on Intrinsic Capacity in Insulin-Resistant Adult and Geriatric Populations-A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm15156101},
pmid = {42590203},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Insulin resistance (IR) is a well-established metabolic disorder characterized by reduced responsiveness of peripheral tissues to insulin, leading to hyperglycemia and compensatory hyperinsulinemia. Background: In older adults, IR tends to develop gradually and may remain undiagnosed for years due to the insidious nature of the condition, which often lacks overt symptoms. Non-pharmacological interventions refer to the sum of all measures taken in order to improve a certain biological determination or physical parameter and they consist of lifestyle and dietary modifications. Although insulin resistance is recognized as a central mechanism involved in the development of numerous chronic diseases associated with aging, its impact on intrinsic capacity and the mechanisms underlying this relationship are insufficiently synthesized in the literature. In this context, the present narrative review aims to integrate the current evidence on the interaction between insulin resistance and intrinsic capacity, highlighting common biological mechanisms and potential therapeutic and preventive strategies to promote healthy aging. Methods: We conducted a literature search in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases, screening the literature published between 2010 and January 2026. The search strategy included keywords and Boolean operators in order to refine the suggestions. Relevant articles, reviews, studies and guidelines were selected based on their relevance to the objective of this review. Results and Conclusions: The results of the review highlight that insulin resistance represents a central mechanism contributing to the decline in intrinsic capacity through chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and alteration of the gut microbiota. Current evidence suggests that nutritional interventions, in particular the Mediterranean diet and the DASH diet, can improve insulin sensitivity by modulating the microbiota and reducing systemic inflammation, with the potential to contribute to maintaining functional capacity and promoting healthy aging.},
}

@article {pmid42590903,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhou, K and Lu, P and Xu, H and Liang, X},
title = {Immunotherapy Resistance in dMMR/MSI-H Colorectal Cancer: Unraveling Mechanisms and Exploring Overcoming Strategies.},
journal = {Journal of immunology research},
volume = {2026},
number = {1},
pages = {e5084171},
pmid = {42590903},
issn = {2314-7156},
support = {2026AFC1224//Project of the Joint Fund for Innovation and Development of the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China/ ; 2024HBCHYN13//Scientific Research Projects of Hubei Cancer Hospital/ ; 2025HBCHYN03//Scientific Research Projects of Hubei Cancer Hospital/ ; 2025HBCHHHRC003//Talent Project of Hubei Cancer Hospital/ ; WJ2023Z011//Health Commission of Hubei Province Scientific Research Project/ ; ZY2023Z005//Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Project of the Hubei Provincial Health Commission/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Colorectal Neoplasms/therapy/genetics/immunology ; *Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics ; Microsatellite Instability ; *Immunotherapy/methods ; Tumor Microenvironment/immunology ; *Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; *DNA Mismatch Repair ; Animals ; Signal Transduction ; },
abstract = {Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Approximately 15% of localized and 5% of metastatic cases exhibit mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) or high microsatellite instability (MSI-H). While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the first-line treatment for this subgroup, 15%-46% of patients experience primary resistance, and a subset of responders eventually acquires resistance. This review synthesizes the multifaceted mechanisms underlying ICI resistance in dMMR/MSI-H CRC. We delineate tumor-intrinsic alterations, including defects in the antigen presentation machinery (specifically transporter associated with antigen processing [TAP]1/TAP2 and β2-microglobulin [β2m]), oncogenic signaling via the Wnt/β-catenin and JAK/STAT pathways, and epigenetic remodeling involving ARID1A. Furthermore, we explore the role of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), characterized by T-cell exclusion and myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) accumulation. To address these barriers, we evaluate the clinical potential of third-generation ICIs targeting lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3), T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain-containing-3 (TIM-3), and TIGIT, as well as emerging biomarker strategies such as gut microbiome modulation and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) dynamics. By integrating these mechanistic insights with novel therapeutic approaches, including bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) and adoptive cell transfer, this review aims to provide a roadmap for overcoming resistance and advancing precision immunotherapy in dMMR/MSI-H CRC.},
}

Humans
*Colorectal Neoplasms/therapy/genetics/immunology
*Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
Microsatellite Instability
*Immunotherapy/methods
Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
*Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use/pharmacology
*DNA Mismatch Repair
Animals
Signal Transduction

@article {pmid42590980,
year = {2026},
author = {Baiz, MD and Phung, LN and Pierce, D and Szarmach, SJ and Beam, JK and Healy, S and Brelsford, A and Toews, DPL},
title = {Genetic Links to Gut Microbiome Variation in the Yellow-Rumped Warbler Hybrid Zone.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {35},
number = {16},
pages = {e70498},
pmid = {42590980},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {2010679//National Science Foundation/ ; DEB-2131469//National Science Foundation/ ; DEB-2337828//National Science Foundation/ ; MRI-2215705//National Science Foundation/ ; MRI-1429826//National Science Foundation/ ; //American Ornithological Society/ ; //Animal Behavior Society/ ; //Wilson Ornithological Society/ ; //Alberta Conservation Association Grant in Biodiversity/ ; //Pennsylvania State University Science Achievement Graduate Fellowship/ ; S10 OD026929//National Institutes of Health SIG/ ; 1S10OD016290-01A1/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; *Songbirds/microbiology/genetics ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Genotype ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Alleles ; },
abstract = {The gut microbiome is a dynamic ecosystem wherein microbes can exert beneficial, neutral or harmful effects on their host organism. Previous research has supported a large role for the environment in shaping avian gut microbiome diversity, but host-specific factors that regulate gut microbiome variation remain elusive. In hybrid zones, genetic recombination shuffles divergent alleles among backcrossed individuals allowing associations between genomic regions and specific traits to be identified. In this study, we use an association mapping approach to investigate the contribution of host alleles in shaping gut microbiome composition. We collected samples from across the Yellow-rumped Warbler hybrid zone (Setophaga coronata coronata × S. c. auduboni), including from distantly allopatric sites. The narrow width of this hybrid zone suggests that selection acts against hybrids, although the source of that selection is unclear. We quantified gut microbiome variation using 16S amplicon sequencing and produced genome-wide sequence data for hosts to link warbler genotypes to microbiome traits. This study is one of the first to identify candidate genes underlying gut microbiome variation in wild passerines. Notably, candidate loci include genes with immune function, redox status and gene regulation functions; two genes overlap with candidate genes identified in another avian system. Genetic differentiation was weak among candidate loci, indicating that alleles associated with gut microbiome variation are shared between subspecies. Our analysis of microbiome variation across nearly the full breeding range of an avian species complex yields important insights on the genetic factors that shape symbiotic interactions in vertebrate systems.},
}

Animals
*Hybridization, Genetic
*Songbirds/microbiology/genetics
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
Genotype
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Alleles

@article {pmid42590998,
year = {2026},
author = {Khalaf, R and Chow, W and Lazarowitz, R and Netchiporouk, E and Rao, J and Tardio, V and Litvinov, IV},
title = {The Metabolic Revolution in Dermatology: Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Ultra-Processed Diets as Drivers of Skin Inflammation.},
journal = {Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {12034754261467034},
doi = {10.1177/12034754261467034},
pmid = {42590998},
issn = {1615-7109},
abstract = {Inflammatory dermatoses are increasingly linked to systemic metabolic factors. Obesity and insulin resistance create a pro-inflammatory milieu that affects the skin. Adipose tissue functions as an endocrine organ secreting adipokines and cytokines that drive chronic inflammation with notable skewing toward T-helper 1 (Th1)/Th17 signaling. Hyperinsulinemia, elevated insulin-like growth factor-1 promote keratinocyte proliferation, sebum production, and autoinflammation, contributing to a multitude of skin diseases including hidradenitis suppurativa, acne, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis (AD), acanthosis nigricans, hirsutism, scarring alopecias, intertrigo, and chronic idiopathic urticaria. Concomitantly, ultra-processed diets low in fiber and high in additives detrimentally affect the gut-skin axis. Diets rich in emulsifiers, sugars, and fructose alter the gut microbiome and increase intestinal permeability, leading to metabolic endotoxemia and increased systemic inflammation. High-fructose corn syrup in sweetened beverages is metabolized via hepatic fructokinase, promoting de novo lipogenesis and excess uric acid, a cascade implicated in metabolic fatty liver disease and heightened inflammation. These dietary factors have been correlated with aggravated skin diseases, where fast-food intake (≥3× weekly) is associated with increased risk of severe AD in children. Emerging evidence suggests that dietary modifications may help mitigate skin inflammation in select patients. At the same time, the advent of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists may improve metabolic parameters and could represent promising adjunctive therapies in select inflammatory dermatoses. Dermatologists can serve as sentinels, identifying cutaneous signs of insulin resistance (eg, acanthosis nigricans, acrochordons, and other skin diseases driven by insulin resistance) and addressing lifestyle factors as part of routine care.},
}

@article {pmid42591009,
year = {2026},
author = {Ram, S and Corbin, M and Kvalsvig, A and Baker, MG and Mannetje, A' and Eng, A and Douwes, J},
title = {Patterns of Antibiotic Dispensing Among New Zealand Children: A Linkage Study.},
journal = {Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety},
volume = {35},
number = {9},
pages = {e70450},
pmid = {42591009},
issn = {1099-1557},
support = {18/509//Health Research Council of New Zealand/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; New Zealand/epidemiology ; Female ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use/administration & dosage ; Retrospective Studies ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Infant, Newborn ; *Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data ; Cohort Studies ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Overuse of antibiotics contributes to antibiotic resistance, and may result in gut microbiome dysbiosis, potentially increasing the risk of chronic childhood conditions.

OBJECTIVES: To examine patterns of antibiotic dispensing in utero and during the first 5 years of life.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all children (n = 315 786) born in New Zealand from 2005 to 2010 using linked pharmaceutical dispensing data to ascertain antibiotic use during the mother's pregnancy and for the first 5 years of life. Descriptive analyses were conducted as well as negative binomial regression controlled for potential confounders.

RESULTS: In total, 96% of children had been dispensed ≥ 1 course of antibiotics by age five; for pregnant women this was 30%. Penicillin, particularly Amoxicillin, was most frequently dispensed during both periods. Postnatal antibiotic dispensing was higher for males (adjusted IRR 1.09, 95% CI 1.08-1.10); Māori (1.16, 1.15-1.17), Pacific peoples (1.32, 1.30-1.33), and Middle East Latin American and African (MELAA) ethnicities (1.07, 1.04-1.10); children in the highest deprivation quintile (1.16, 1.15-1.17) and those born pre-term (1.05, 1.04-1.05); and urban children (1.21, 1.20-1.22). Low and high birthweight and caesarean deliveries were also associated with higher antibiotic dispensing. Similar patterns were observed for antibiotic dispensing for mothers during pregnancy. Dispensing rates were highest during winter months.

CONCLUSION: Antibiotic dispensing is high in New Zealand children and pregnant women, with significant ethnic and socioeconomic differences, suggesting that current antibiotic stewardship programmes are not fully effective.},
}

Humans
New Zealand/epidemiology
Female
*Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use/administration & dosage
Retrospective Studies
Infant
Child, Preschool
Male
Pregnancy
Infant, Newborn
*Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data
Cohort Studies

@article {pmid42591114,
year = {2026},
author = {Zeng, F and Fu, X},
title = {Gut Microbiota-Mediated Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Obesity Management.},
journal = {Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy},
volume = {19},
number = {},
pages = {612235},
pmid = {42591114},
issn = {1178-7007},
abstract = {Obesity is a major metabolic disorder with increasing global prevalence and limited long-term therapeutic success. Growing evidence indicates that the gut microbiota (GM) plays an important role in energy metabolism, immune homeostasis, and neuroendocrine regulation, making it a potential target for obesity management. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), characterized by holistic and multi-target regulation, has increasingly attracted attention for its potential to modulate host metabolism through interactions with the GM. This review summarizes current evidence on the relationship between GM and obesity and examines how TCM interventions may regulate obesity through microbiota-related mechanisms. Particular attention is given to microbial metabolites, intestinal barrier function, and gut-brain communication. We further reinterpret classical TCM concepts, especially spleen function and the theory of "the spleen stores intent", from the perspective of microbial activity and gut-brain interactions to establish a conceptual bridge between traditional theory and contemporary microbiome science. According to different therapeutic strategies in TCM, supplementing qi and strengthening the spleen may help restore microbial diversity and short-chain fatty acid production, thereby contributing to improved metabolic homeostasis through the G-protein-coupled receptors 41/43 (GPR41/43)-glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) pathway. Resolving turbidity to activate the spleen may alleviate metabolic inflammation by reducing lipopolysaccharide translocation, regulating Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated signaling, and modulating bile acid metabolism via the farnesoid X receptor (FXR)/Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) axis. Regulating qi and awakening the spleen may help stabilize gut-brain communication through modulation of gut-derived hormones and central appetite-related neuropeptides. Meanwhile, emerging evidence suggests that microbial biotransformation of herbal compounds may influence their bioavailability and therapeutic responsiveness, highlighting the bidirectional nature of TCM-microbiota interactions. Additionally, we introduce the "neuro-immune-microbiome axis" to explain how non-pharmacological therapies may indirectly remodel the GM. Overall, this review proposes an integrative framework linking TCM theory with microbiome research to better understand the therapeutic potential of TCM in obesity. While current evidence remains largely associative and relies heavily on preclinical studies, this perspective may provide new directions for microbiota-targeted and system-level strategies in obesity management.},
}

@article {pmid42591151,
year = {2026},
author = {Kumala, L and Thomsen, M and Canfield, DE},
title = {Oxygen regulation in the earliest animals: spatiotemporal resolution of oxygen dynamics in single-osculum Halichondria panicea and Haliclona rosea sponges.},
journal = {Frontiers in physiology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1849630},
pmid = {42591151},
issn = {1664-042X},
abstract = {Sponges regulate internal water flow and oxygen distribution through contractile behavior, yet the mechanisms governing spatio-temporal oxygen dynamics remain poorly understood. Resolving these dynamics in sponges is crucial for understanding sponge host-microbiome interactions, tissue homeostasis and growth. We applied 2-D luminescence lifetime imaging of oxygen to unveil temporal as well as spatial oxygen dynamics in single-osculum explants of two demosponges: Halichondria panicea and Haliclona rosea. Our study reveals intrinsic deoxygenation in explants during episodes of osculum contraction generating an oxygen gradient with increasing concentrations towards the explant periphery. Furthermore, time-lapse oxygen imaging uncovered contrasting spatio-temporal patterns of internal O2 distribution in the examined individuals of the two species. Four explants of H. panicea faced periodic and consistent episodes of internal oxygen drawdowns and centralized anoxia, followed by reoxygenation. Periods of internal anoxia persisted for up to 4.5 h of the total 92.1-hour observation period. Conversely, two H. rosea explants displayed versatile deoxygenation patterns, including recurring, propagating waves of oxygen reduction, with relatively few areas experiencing anoxia over the course of the 70.6-hour observation period. The observed oxygen dynamics indicate that filter-feeding sponges may employ distinct behavior to actively regulate their internal oxygenation. We suggest that spatiotemporal oxygen regulation may represent an ancestral trait that emerged in early diverging metazoans, and possibly in response to increasing levels of atmospheric oxygen.},
}

@article {pmid42591225,
year = {2026},
author = {Vöhringer, K and Müller, MS and Yildiz, CB and Zimmer-Bensch, G},
title = {DNMT1 as an environmental sensor: epigenetic pathways linking environmental exposures, sex hormone signaling, and vulnerability to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases.},
journal = {Frontiers in neurology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1883887},
pmid = {42591225},
issn = {1664-2295},
abstract = {DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) has classically been viewed as the canonical maintenance methyltransferase, yet accumulating evidence positions it as a multifaceted hub that integrates environmental, hormonal, and metabolic signals with chromatin regulation in the developing and adult brain. This review highlights DNMT1 as an environmentally responsive epigenetic sensor across the lifespan. We examine how psychosocial stress, early-life adversity, inflammation, nutritional and microbiome-derived metabolites, and environmental toxicants modulate DNMT1 expression, subcellular localization, and post-translational modifications, thereby reshaping DNA methylation landscapes in neurons and glia. We further discuss how sex hormone signaling, particularly estrogen receptor alpha α (ERα)-DNMT1 feedback loops, introduces sex-specific dimensions to epigenetic responsiveness, and how lncRNAs serve as intermediaries linking environmental cues to targeted DNMT1 recruitment at specific genomic loci. Building on this framework, we review how DNMT1 dysregulation contributes to neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders-including schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, and depression-and to neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and DNMT1-associated monogenic neurodegenerative disorders. By positioning DNMT1 as a molecular interface between genetic predisposition, environmental exposure, and circuit-level vulnerability, this review highlights the need for integrated, sex-stratified, and longitudinal approaches to understanding epigenetic risk in neurological disease.},
}

@article {pmid42591478,
year = {2026},
author = {Alcamán-Arias, ME and Vergara-Barros, P and Fuentes, K and Morales, D and Vinet, L and Barbosa Athayde, G and Aguilera, M and Bahniuk Rumbelsperger, AM and Calderón, M},
title = {Environmental filtering shapes microbial mat community assembly across interconnected high-altitude hypersaline systems of the Chilean Altiplano.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1867952},
pmid = {42591478},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {High-altitude saline ecosystems of the Atacama-Puna Plateau represent natural laboratories for investigating microbial adaptation and community assembly under polyextreme conditions. Despite their ecological importance, integrated assessments of microbial diversity across contrasting Andean systems remain scarce. Here, we characterized microbial mats, sediments, and saline crusts across three high-altitude sub-basins of northern Chile, including the Maricunga Salt Flat-Laguna Santa Rosa hydrological system, Laguna del Negro Francisco, and Laguna Verde. Microbial communities were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, environmental characterization, predicted metabolic profiling, and co-occurrence network analyses. Salinity was the only environmental variable significantly associated with microbial community composition, although site identity explained a greater proportion of variation, highlighting the influence of local environmental conditions. Across ecosystems, communities were dominated by Pseudomonadota and Bacteroidota, whereas hypersaline habitats were enriched in halophilic archaeal lineages and brackish environments exhibited greater representation of photosynthetic and nitrogen-related functions. Only 15% of ASVs were shared between brackish and hypersaline habitats, indicating strong habitat specialization. Nevertheless, co-occurrence networks revealed a small set of highly connected keystone taxa shared among ecosystems, forming a regional core microbiome. Together, these findings demonstrate that salinity promotes taxonomic and functional specialization, while hydrological connectivity maintains ecological cohesion across interconnected ecosystems. By integrating lagoons, wetlands, saline crusts, and geothermal habitats within a regional framework, this study provides the first regional-scale assessment of microbial diversity, community assembly, and ecological connectivity across the southern Atacama-Puna Plateau.},
}

@article {pmid42591505,
year = {2026},
author = {Juhlin, E and Byrd, MC and Jiang, R and Gbolahan, T and Eki-Udoko, FE and Obuekwe, ON and Bromberg, Y and Schlecht, NF and Coker, MO and Osazuwa-Peters, N},
title = {Baseline characteristics of the HOMINY (human papillomavirus, human immunodeficiency virus, and oral microbiota interplay in Nigerian youth) prospective longitudinal cohort.},
journal = {Frontiers in oral health},
volume = {7},
number = {},
pages = {1800454},
pmid = {42591505},
issn = {2673-4842},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The HOMINY (Human Papillomavirus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and Oral Microbiota Interplay in Nigerian Youth) cohort is a prospective longitudinal study established to investigate oral HPV infection and the oral microbiome among mother-child pairs with and without HIV in Nigeria. The objective of this analysis was to describe baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of the cohort, including HPV awareness, HPV vaccination, and cervical cancer screening practice by HIV status.

METHOD: Mothers (aged ≥ 18) and children (aged 9-18) were prospectively enrolled at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Participants were grouped by HIV infection and exposure status. Baseline demographic, behavioral, and HPV-related data were collected using standardized questionnaires, medical record review, and case report forms. Group differences were assessed using parametric and non-parametric tests.

RESULTS: A total of 1,075 participants were enrolled. Among mothers, 68% were HIV-positive. Awareness of HPV (<7%) and the HPV vaccine (3.0%) was low with fewer than 1% having received HPV vaccination, and only 19.1% reported ever undergoing cervical cancer screening. Mothers living with HIV reported younger age at sexual debut, more lifetime sexual partners, and lower education attainment than HIV-uninfected mothers. Among children, awareness of HPV and the HPV vaccine was virtually absent, and only one child reported HPV vaccination. Birth characteristics differed by HIV status, with Caesarian sections and other perinatal exposures being higher among HIV-exposed groups.

CONCLUSION: Baseline findings demonstrate substantial gaps in HPV awareness, vaccination, and cervical cancer screening among families affected by HIV before implementation of Nigeria's national HPV vaccination program. This highlights critical prevention gaps and sustained cancer risk, underscoring urgent needs for targeted HPV and HIV prevention in Nigerian youth. As the largest prospective mother-child cohort focused on oral HPV and HIV in sub-Saharan Africa, HOMINY provides an important foundation for future longitudinal studies of oral HPV infection, the oral microbiome, and the impact of HPV vaccination.},
}

@article {pmid42591617,
year = {2026},
author = {Mukhedkar, D and Stosic, MS and Székely, AJ and Avershina, E and Arroyo Mühr, LS},
title = {Strong catchment-specific structuring of Swedish wastewater microbiomes in a paired two-timepoint metagenomic survey.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1907599},
pmid = {42591617},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Wastewater microbial communities integrate signals from human populations, environmental inputs, and sewer infrastructure, but the extent to which these communities vary between wastewater catchments compared with individual sampling occasions remains incompletely understood.

METHODS: We analyzed influent wastewater from 16 wastewater treatment plant sites across Sweden, collected at two paired within-year timepoints, Week 3 and Week 21, using shotgun metagenomic sequencing and compositional data analysis.

RESULTS: Classified genus-level profiles were dominated by bacteria (96.54%), with smaller contributions from viruses (2.03%), eukaryota (1.05%) and archaea (0.40%). Genus-level alpha diversity increased between the two sampled timepoints, with median within-site changes of +10 genera in richness and +0.21 in Shannon diversity (p < 0.003). In contrast, overall community composition was primarily structured by wastewater treatment plant site: site explained 58.3% of total variance (p = 0.0003), whereas sampling timepoint explained 3.7% and was not significant (p = 0.106). Within-site compositional change between the two timepoints was nevertheless evident (p = 4.8 × 10[-4]), but the magnitude and direction of change varied across sites, indicating heterogeneous local shifts rather than a synchronized national temporal pattern. Genera detected in at least 75% of sites at both sampled timepoints accounted for most classified community abundance, whereas most measured within-site Aitchison turnover was accounted for by genera outside the high-prevalence shared fraction. Geographic distance and the number of connected inhabitants showed no significant association with genus-level community composition.

DISCUSSION: These findings indicate that Swedish influent wastewater microbiomes are strongly catchment-specific across paired sampling timepoints and support the use of site-specific reference profiles when interpreting wastewater metagenomic data. Denser temporal sampling and additional catchment metadata will be needed to assess seasonality, long-term stability, and the local drivers of wastewater microbiome variation.},
}

@article {pmid42591638,
year = {2026},
author = {Kang, L and Li, X and Gao, N and Wang, H and Li, H and Cheng, J and Zhao, Y and Chang, G and Yousef, AF and Tamiru Kenea, F and Zhao, W},
title = {Synergistic effects of grafting and companion cropping reshape the root endophytic microbiome network to regulate yield and fruit quality in continuously monocropped watermelon.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1879144},
pmid = {42591638},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Grafting and companion cropping alleviate continuous watermelon monocropping obstacles, yet their synergistic regulatory regulatory effects on root endophytic microbiota and fruit traits remain unclear.

METHODS: A 2 × 5 split-plot field trial was conducted in a 7-year continuous watermelon monocropping system, comprising grafted and non-grafted plants with five companion cropping treatments designated CK, T1, T2, T3, and T4. High-throughput sequencing, PCoA, PERMANOVA, RDA, microbial co-occurrence network analysis and yield-quality assays were applied for systematic characterization.

RESULTS: Grafting significantly increased total bacterial OTUs, all bacterial richness and diversity indices, fungal OTU numbers and fungal richness, yet reduced fungal community diversity. PERMANOVA verified that grafting, companion cropping and their interaction significantly reshaped bacterial and fungal community structures (p < 0.001). Companion cropping reduced unique microbial OTUs and remodeled community composition and network topology. Under grafting conditions, companion cropping constructed tighter and more complex microbial networks and alleviated interspecies competition. LEfSe analysis demonstrated that grafting induced phylum-level differentiation of bacterial and fungal signature taxa, whereas companion cropping primarily modulated low-abundance and rare microbial assemblages. Grafting elevated yield titratable acidity and vitamin C while decreasing soluble sugar and soluble protein. Companion cropping raised soluble protein and vitamin C in grafted watermelon and improved yield, soluble sugar, soluble protein and vitamin C in non-grafted watermelon (p < 0.05). All companion treatments significantly reduced titratable acidity (p < 0.05). RDA clearly separated grafted and non-grafted microbiota along the first axis and revealed directional correlations between dominant phyla and fruit traits, which were confirmed by Pearson correlation analysis.

DISCUSSION: Combined grafting and companion cropping optimize watermelon yield and nutritional quality by restructuring the root endophytic microbial communities, offering a feasible cultivation strategy for sustainable continuous watermelon production.},
}

@article {pmid42591668,
year = {2026},
author = {Dell'Alma, M and Cesana, M and Kenny, P and Peron, G and Cafarella, C and Rigano, F and Mondello, L and Mangieri, N and Pizzi, S and Russo, P and Mora, D and Gargari, G},
title = {Multi-omic characterization of microbial dynamics during spontaneous fermentation of sweet wine Picolit variety.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1857803},
pmid = {42591668},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Spontaneous wine fermentation is driven by the ecological succession of vineyard-derived microorganisms, yet little is known about how this process unfolds in Picolit, a grape variety characterized by acinellatura (berry millerandage) and elevated sugar concentration. This study aimed to characterize the microbial and metabolic dynamics of spontaneous Picolit fermentation and to identify the ecological and functional transitions occurring throughout the process.

METHODS: An integrated multi-omic approach combining shotgun metagenomics and untargeted metabolomics was applied to spontaneous fermentations of Picolit grapes produced at Aquila del Torre, an organic and biodynamic winery located in Savorgnano del Torre (Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy), within the newly established "Friuli Colli Orientali Sottozona Savorgnano D.O.C." Five fermentation stages were sampled and analyzed to investigate microbial succession, functional pathways and metabolomic changes.

RESULTS: The initial must displayed high microbial richness dominated by non-Saccharomyces yeasts, oxidative bacteria and Botrytis cinerea. An atypical persistence and increasing abundance of B. cinerea suggested a strong interaction between grape physiology and fungal activity. Early fermentation stages were characterized by diverse non-Saccharomyces taxa, including Lachancea, Pichia, Torulaspora and Schizosaccharomyces, which were associated with acid modulation, aromatic precursor release and phenolic turnover. From mid-fermentation onward, a multi-species Saccharomyces consortium established functional dominance, coinciding with a marked reduction in bacterial diversity and a transition from aroma-related metabolic pathways to stress adaptation functions. Multi-omic network analyses revealed a progressive loss of modularity as fermentation progressed and the system became more stable.

DISCUSSION: These findings demonstrate that spontaneous Picolit fermentation follows a distinctive ecological trajectory shaped by grape physiology, terroir and native microbial diversity. The persistence of B. cinerea, together with the succession of non-Saccharomyces and Saccharomyces populations, highlights unique microbial interactions that may contribute to wine identity. Overall, the results support the enological value of spontaneous fermentation and provide a microbial and functional framework for understanding and valorizing wines produced under the Savorgnano Bianco D.O.C.},
}

@article {pmid42591864,
year = {2026},
author = {Ordyniec-Kwaśnica, I and Muszyński, D and Słomiński, B and Lampkowski, M and Kudra, A},
title = {The impact of organ transplantation on changes in the oral microbiome, particularly on bacteria causing periodontal inflammation - narrative review.},
journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1859519},
pmid = {42591864},
issn = {2235-2988},
mesh = {Humans ; *Microbiota ; *Organ Transplantation/adverse effects ; *Bacteria/classification/isolation & purification ; *Mouth/microbiology ; *Periodontitis/microbiology ; Dysbiosis/microbiology ; },
abstract = {With the development of technology and medicine, more and more diseases in today's world are becoming curable. Ultimately, when there is no improvement in health and a deterioration in the efficiency or functionality of a given organ, organ transplantation becomes the only option. In 2024 alone, data from the Global Observatory on Donation and Transplantation indicate that over 173, 000 organ transplants were performed worldwide, reflecting a consistent upward trend in recent years The introduction of a "foreign" organ into the body is not without consequences. Clinical manifestations may vary, including, among others, transplant rejection. These alterations may also extend to highly sensitive biological environments such as the oral microbiome, particularly affecting bacterial populations implicated in gum/gingival inflammation. This publication shows what microbiological changes can be caused by the transplantation of certain organs and whether, in general, every transplant means the same change in the oral microbiota.},
}

Humans
*Microbiota
*Organ Transplantation/adverse effects
*Bacteria/classification/isolation & purification
*Mouth/microbiology
*Periodontitis/microbiology
Dysbiosis/microbiology

@article {pmid42591876,
year = {2026},
author = {Beckers, KF and Schulz, CJ and Flanagan, JP and Liu, CC and Childers, GW and Faulkner, IN and Sones, JL},
title = {Placental and maternal microbiome adaptations in a preeclamptic-like mouse model.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiomes},
volume = {5},
number = {},
pages = {1881824},
pmid = {42591876},
issn = {2813-4338},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The maternal microbiome plays a crucial role in pregnancy with growing evidence supporting vertical microbial transmission from mother to fetus. The placenta, once considered sterile, may serve as a conduit for this transfer. We hypothesized that the placental microbial signatures would be distinctly different from oral, fecal, or vaginal microbiomes in pregnant mice.

METHODS: To test this hypothesis, the obese BPH/5 mouse (n=15), which spontaneously develops a preeclampsia (PE)-like phenotype, was compared to normotensive C57 (n=8) pregnant mice. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatic analyses were conducted to assess microbial diversity and composition from samples collected at embryonic day 18.5 (feces, oral cavity, vagina, and placenta).

RESULTS: Alpha diversity analysis revealed that oral microbiomes of both BPH/5 and C57 were significantly less diverse compared to the placental microbial signatures (p = 0.019 and <0.001, respectively). Beta diversity analysis confirmed distinct microbial communities across body sites and between strains (p < 0.001), while no significant differences were detected in placental and vaginal microbiomes (p > 0.05). Microbial composition analysis showed site-specific variations at the phylum and genus levels with Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes being dominant across all sites. BPH/5 placentas were enriched in Alistipes, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136 and Helicobacter. In contrast, C57 placentas were enriched in Alistipes, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136, and Lactobacillus suggesting strain-specific microbial alterations with common genera between maternal oral, fecal, vaginal, and placental communities.

DISCUSSION: These findings demonstrate that the placental microbial signatures are unique in a PE-like mouse model. Further studies are needed to elucidate the functional impact of these microbial differences on maternal and fetal PE outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid42591907,
year = {2026},
author = {Abraityte, S and Tamasauskiene, L and Gasiuniene, E and Jankauskaite, L},
title = {Atopic dermatitis: pathogenesis, immunology, microbiome, and salivary biomarkers.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1782602},
pmid = {42591907},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology/microbiology/metabolism/etiology/diagnosis ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Skin Microbiome ; *Saliva/metabolism/immunology ; Animals ; *Microbiota ; Skin/immunology/microbiology/metabolism ; Immunity, Innate ; },
abstract = {Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease influenced by genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental factors, as well as skin and gut microbiota. This review summarises the key mechanisms involved in this disease development, including disturbances in innate and adaptive immune responses, ethnic differences in immune pathways, and the contribution of microbial imbalance to skin barrier dysfunction. Special attention is given to salivary biomarkers-such as cortisol, melatonin, alpha-amylase, chromogranin A, C-reactive protein, and immunoglobulin A-which offer a non-invasive method for monitoring stress, sleep quality, and disease severity in patients with atopic dermatitis. Understanding the complexity of these factors may support earlier diagnosis and different treatment strategies and improve long-term disease management in a better way.},
}

Humans
*Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology/microbiology/metabolism/etiology/diagnosis
Biomarkers/metabolism
Skin Microbiome
*Saliva/metabolism/immunology
Animals
*Microbiota
Skin/immunology/microbiology/metabolism
Immunity, Innate

@article {pmid42592136,
year = {2026},
author = {Ou, J and Lin, J and Cao, Y and Cui, Y and Liu, J and Fang, J and Li, J and Liu, J and Qian, H and Xu, Z},
title = {Multi-omics landscapes across the gastritis-to-carcinoma sequence: Stage-specific molecular evolution and microenvironmental remodeling.},
journal = {iScience},
volume = {29},
number = {8},
pages = {116913},
pmid = {42592136},
issn = {2589-0042},
abstract = {The progression from chronic gastritis to gastric cancer is a complex and multistep process. Early detection of this transition is critical for improving patient survival; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Recent advances in multi-omics technologies have provided powerful tools for high-resolution characterization of disease-associated molecular alterations. In this review, we summarize studies investigating the gastritis-to-carcinoma sequence using genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiome analyses. Particular emphasis is placed on evidence from human cohorts, single-cell sequencing, and spatial transcriptomics, which have helped characterize cellular heterogeneity, immune microenvironment remodeling, and cell-cell interactions. We also discuss the role of the microbiome, particularly Helicobacter pylori, in disease progression. Integration of these multi-layered datasets can generate mechanistic hypotheses and candidate biomarkers, but most findings require independent validation before clinical implementation. Overall, multi-omics approaches provide valuable insights into gastric carcinogenesis while highlighting the need for cautious interpretation and translational validation.},
}

@article {pmid42592250,
year = {2026},
author = {Veses, V and Mravak-Stipetić, M and Martínez, A and Sheth, CC},
title = {Editorial: Nutrition and oral microbiology: integrative perspectives for improved oral health.},
journal = {Frontiers in oral health},
volume = {7},
number = {},
pages = {1932968},
pmid = {42592250},
issn = {2673-4842},
}

@article {pmid42592264,
year = {2026},
author = {Chen, J and Li, A and Wu, W and Xu, W and Zhao, T and Starkweather, AR and Rodriguez, L and Chen, MH and Cong, XS},
title = {Gut microbiota signatures differentiate trajectory-defined response phenotypes and predict self-management outcomes in irritable bowel syndrome.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiomes},
volume = {5},
number = {},
pages = {1884540},
pmid = {42592264},
issn = {2813-4338},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Heterogeneity in symptom presentation and treatment response in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) remains poorly understood. This analysis from a randomized controlled trial (NCT03332537) aims to identify symptom-trajectory phenotypes and determine whether gut microbiota composition and function distinguish these phenotypes and predict multidimensional responses to IBS pain self-management interventions.

METHODS: Participants with longitudinal data (n = 62) were analyzed using longitudinal k-means clustering based on trajectories of measures in IBS quality of life (QOL), Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), and neuropsychological outcomes (anxiety, applied cognition, depression, fatigue, global health, positive affect, and sleep disturbance) over 12 weeks. Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART) models were used to identify baseline microbial taxa and pathways predictive of longitudinal changes in QOL, BPI pain interference, and severity.

RESULTS: Two distinct trajectory-defined response phenotypes were identified: a Constrained Response Phenotype (Phenotype A, n = 35) and an Adaptive Multidomain Response Phenotype (Phenotype B, n = 27). At baseline, Phenotype B showed lower pain severity and interference, but higher levels of anxiety, depression, and fatigue compared to Phenotype A. Over 12 weeks, both phenotypes showed improvements in pain outcomes (all p < 0.05), but only Phenotype B demonstrated broad improvements across neuropsychological domains and QOL (all p < 0.05). Phenotype A exhibited more limited improvements and worsening in several neuropsychological domains. Nominal differences in predicted functional pathways were observed, including pathways related to xenobiotic degradation, amino acid metabolism, bile secretion, and immune-related processes (all raw p < 0.05). Although predicted functional pathway differences were not significant after correction for multiple testing, phenotype-specific microbial taxa and functional features were identified as predictors of treatment response in BART models. In Phenotype A, genera such as Alistipes and Sutterella were consistently identified across models, whereas in Phenotype B, predictors included Phascolarctobacterium, Collinsella, and Parabacteroides.

CONCLUSIONS: IBS patients exhibit distinct multidimensional response patterns associated with distinct clinical and microbiome profiles. Baseline gut microbial characteristics may serve as potential biomarkers of heterogeneous treatment response in young adults with IBS, supporting a microbiome-based approach to categorize patients and improve personalized self-management strategies in IBS.},
}

@article {pmid42592279,
year = {2026},
author = {Panaitescu, PŞ and Bâldea, I and Toma, VA and Nuţu, AM and Moldoveanu, CA and Sevastre-Berghian, A and Vlase, AM and Haranguş, IC and Costache, C and Clichici, S and Filip, GA},
title = {Atherosclerotic-dose TMAO accentuates redox imbalances and motor dysfunctions in a MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease.},
journal = {Frontiers in aging neuroscience},
volume = {18},
number = {},
pages = {1871569},
pmid = {42592279},
issn = {1663-4365},
abstract = {Parkinson's Disease (PD) involves the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the formation of Lewy bodies consisting of alpha-synuclein (αSin) aggregates. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbiota metabolite, has emerged as a molecule of interest due to pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidative, and neurodegenerative effects. We aim to assess whether lower doses of TMAO (40 mg/kg bw, gavage, once daily, day 0-42), as those used in atherosclerosis experimental models, can exacerbate oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, motor dysfunction, and neurodegeneration in a semi-acute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) PD model (30 mg/kg bw MPTP, intraperitoneal, once daily, day 20-24). Motor behavioral testing functionally validated the model, with MPTP impairing performance across Rotarod latency time (p < 0.05), Wire Hang number of reaches and falls (p < 0.05), and Pole test time to descent (p < 0.01 MPTP vs. Control, p < 0.05 MPTP+TMAO vs. Control). A synergistic effect between TMAO and MPTP was observed in pole-turning time (p < 0.05). Increased TMAO serum was confirmed in treated animals (p < 0.05 TMAO vs. Control; p < 0.001 MPTP+TMAO vs. Control). Loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive thalamic fibers, as well as substantia nigra neuronal fiber degeneration, and dopamine depletion was observed in the MPTP groups. A significant reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in the midbrain was observed exclusively in the TMAO+MPTP group (p < 0.05 vs. Control). Neuroinflammatory profiling revealed selective elevation of IL-6 in the TMAO+MPTP group (p < 0.05), without microglial activation (p > 0.05), whereas NF-κB p65 was paradoxically increased only in the TMAO (p < 0.05) and MPTP (p < 0.05) groups. We hypothesize that this divergent pattern may indicate a shift toward necrotic rather than apoptotic cell death in the combined exposure group. MPTP and TMAO independently induced pro-oxidative states, evidenced by GSH depletion (p < 0.0001 MPTP vs. Control; p < 0.001 MPTP+TMAO vs. Control) and compensatory SOD upregulation (p < 0.01 TMAO vs. Control; p < 0.05 MPTP vs. Control and MPTP+TMAO vs. Control). The combination amplified the redox imbalance with significant elevation of MDA in the TMAO+MPTP group (p < 0.001 vs. Control and vs. TMAO; p < 0.01 vs. MPTP). These findings carry clinical relevance in the context of Parkinson's disease, suggesting that gut microbiome-derived metabolites may represent a pathological connection capable of increasing both cardiovascular risk and the progression of neurodegenerative disorders.},
}

@article {pmid42592337,
year = {2026},
author = {Godoy-Vitorino, F},
title = {Community Dynamics in a Changing World: highlights from the 1st Puerto Rico & Caribbean Microbiome Symposium and vision for a new microbiome hub.},
journal = {Sustainable microbiology},
volume = {3},
number = {3},
pages = {qvag030},
pmid = {42592337},
issn = {2755-1970},
abstract = {The Puerto Rico Center for Microbiome Sciences (PR-CMS) seeks to become a leading hub for multiomics research and host-microbiota symbiosis in the Caribbean. As part of this effort, PR-CMS organizes an annual symposium that convenes international leaders, regional experts, and the local scientific community to address key challenges in microbiome science. The 1st Microbiome Symposium of Puerto Rico and the Caribbean, titled "Community Dynamics in a Changing World," took place in San Juan in February 2026. The event brought together more than 200 participants, including researchers, trainees, and stakeholders from clinical, environmental, computational, and translational fields. Topics highlighted the role of microbiomes in human health, disease, biodiversity, and ecosystem resilience, covering host-microbiome interactions, cancer, infectious diseases, diet-immune dynamics, environmental microbiology, and bioinformatics. Through keynote talks, invited presentations, and student research, the symposium emphasized integrating multiomics, data science, and translational approaches. It strengthened collaborative networks locally and globally, positioning PR-CMS as a regional leader in microbiome innovation. This meeting report also emphasizes the vision and mission of the PR-CMS as a new regional and global hub for the study of biodiversity.},
}

@article {pmid42592417,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, X and Liu, Z and Ren, H and Zhang, R},
title = {Global research trends on the gut microbiota and immunotherapy for colorectal cancer: a bibliometric analysis.},
journal = {Translational gastroenterology and hepatology},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {86},
pmid = {42592417},
issn = {2415-1289},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The gut microbiota (GM) plays a critical role in colorectal cancer (CRC) immunotherapy and has attracted considerable scholarly attention in recent years. However, no bibliometric analyses on this topic have been reported to date. To elucidate the current research landscape and guide future studies, we conducted a comprehensive and multidimensional bibliometric analysis of literature from 2014 to 2024.

METHODS: Publications on GM and CRC immunotherapy spanning 2014-2024 were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) core collection and analyzed and visualized using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Scimago Graphica.

RESULTS: Over the past decade, the WoS core collection (WoSCC) has indexed 325 publications related to GM and CRC immunotherapy, involving 45 countries and regions, 604 institutions, and 2,206 authors. Within the top 20 most productive countries/regions, China accounts for 47% of the total output, significantly surpassing all other nations. The most prolific institution is Shanghai Jiao Tong University (N=14,471 citations; 33.64 citations per article). Among the top ten authors in terms of productivity, seven are based in China. Frontiers in Immunology has the highest publication count in this field (21 articles, accounting for 6.5%). Analysis of the most-cited literature, citation bursts, and keywords highlights a strong association between the GM and the efficacy of immunotherapy for CRC. Certain bacterial species, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), have emerged as promising diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including nivolumab, exhibit marked efficacy in specific molecular subtypes of CRC. Additionally, microbiota-targeted interventions, such as probiotics, have been shown to enhance the therapeutic outcomes of both chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Current research is primarily focused on elucidating microbiota-immune interaction mechanisms and advancing their clinical translation. The updated 2025 literature suggests a shift from descriptive microbiome profiling toward translational applications, including microbiota modulation, engineered microbial platforms, metabolite-based mechanisms, and nanomedicine strategies. However, current evidence remains dominated by reviews and preclinical studies, with limited clinical validation.

CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between GM and immunotherapy for CRC remains in the exploratory and validation stages, with a mature framework for clinical translation yet to be established. This bibliometric analysis maps the current research landscape, identifies emerging hotspots, and suggests that the field is moving toward translational application. However, unresolved causality, limited biomarker reproducibility, insufficient methodological standardization, and the lack of well-designed CRC-specific clinical trials remain major barriers to clinical implementation.},
}

@article {pmid42592571,
year = {2026},
author = {Edupuganti, HS and Kanna, S and Shetty, A and Rashmi, KS and Rani, N},
title = {Exploring a Paired Perspective: Significance of Reporting the Presence of Cannon Balls and the Absence of Lactobacilli on Pap Smears.},
journal = {Journal of cytology},
volume = {43},
number = {3},
pages = {144-149},
pmid = {42592571},
issn = {0970-9371},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Cannon balls are a frequently observed finding in inflammatory Pap smears. Though associated with Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) and bacterial vaginosis (BV), variability in their interpretation and association exists. Additionally, reporting the presence or absence of normal flora (lactobacilli) is still a matter of debate.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study done over a period of 1.5 years in the cytopathology section of a tertiary care center. The objectives were to determine the association between inflammation, cannon balls, and lactobacilli with infectious etiology, and also to assess the association between different grades of inflammation and cannon balls.

RESULTS: Of the 300 Pap smears analyzed, 96.3% were inflammatory. Cannon balls were present in 34.6% of inflammatory smears, and infectious organisms were found in 38.8% of cases, with BV being the most common finding. A notable association was observed between the presence of cannon balls and BV and TV, but not with Candida. The absence of lactobacilli showed a strong link to the presence of cannon balls, suggesting a role in microbiome imbalance. While the odds ratio suggested an increased likelihood of cannon balls with inflammation severity, the association was not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: The study found a significant association between cannon balls and BV and trichomoniasis (TV), with the strongest link to BV. However, no significant association was observed between inflammation severity and the presence of cannon balls. Additionally, the absence of lactobacilli as an indicator of infection was noted, implying the importance of mentioning this negative finding in the Pap smear reports.},
}

@article {pmid42592659,
year = {2026},
author = {Emon, M and Rahaman, MM and Sarder, D and Shadin, M and Neela, SA and Wangchuk, P and Sarker, S},
title = {Microbiome-Phytochemical Crosstalk Along the Gut-Brain Axis in Alzheimer and Parkinson's Disease.},
journal = {MicrobiologyOpen},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {e70374},
doi = {10.1002/mbo3.70374},
pmid = {42592659},
issn = {2045-8827},
mesh = {Humans ; *Parkinson Disease/microbiology/metabolism/drug therapy ; *Alzheimer Disease/microbiology/metabolism/drug therapy ; *Phytochemicals/pharmacology/metabolism ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; *Brain/metabolism ; Animals ; Signal Transduction ; *Brain-Gut Axis/drug effects ; },
abstract = {Gut-brain axis (GBA) has emerged as a bidirectional communication network linking the gut microbiota with central nervous system function and contributing to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to critically evaluate the current evidence on how phytochemicals modulate gut microbiota and GBA signaling to influence the progression of AD and PD. A systematic literature search was conducted using major scientific databases, and preclinical studies investigating microbiota-mediated mechanisms of phytochemicals were synthesized according to predefined inclusion criteria. The available evidence demonstrates that phytochemicals consistently remodel the gut microbiota by increasing beneficial taxa such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria while suppressing pro-inflammatory Gram-negative microorganisms. These microbial alterations were associated with reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS) production, inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling, enhancement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) activity, restoration of intestinal barrier integrity, attenuation of oxidative stress, and activation of autophagy-related pathways, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR and AMPK/mTOR, leading to reduced amyloid-β, tau, and α-synuclein pathology. A major contribution of this review is the integration of current evidence demonstrating the bidirectional crosstalk between phytochemicals and the gut microbiota as a central mechanism regulating GBA signaling in AD and PD. Available evidence suggests that phytochemical-mediated modulation of the gut microbiota represents a promising therapeutic strategy for slowing disease progression in AD and PD. However, further mechanistic investigations and well-designed clinical trials are required to validate these findings and facilitate their translation into clinical practice.},
}

Humans
*Parkinson Disease/microbiology/metabolism/drug therapy
*Alzheimer Disease/microbiology/metabolism/drug therapy
*Phytochemicals/pharmacology/metabolism
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
*Brain/metabolism
Animals
Signal Transduction
*Brain-Gut Axis/drug effects

@article {pmid42592755,
year = {2026},
author = {Mazumder, S and Dey, A and Bhattacharya, D and Lahiri, D and Nag, M and Maity, S and Kumar, N and Pandit, S and Raja, V and Sharma, S and Dwivedi, SP and Rajeev, M and Dewi, JR and Sanayeva, L and Azimova, D},
title = {Dietary Terpenoids in Advancing Biofilm-Mediated Cancer Prevention: Antibiofilm Cascade, Molecular Crosstalk, and Nano-Facilitated Functional Delivery.},
journal = {Cell biochemistry and function},
volume = {44},
number = {8},
pages = {e70281},
doi = {10.1002/cbf.70281},
pmid = {42592755},
issn = {1099-0844},
mesh = {Humans ; *Biofilms/drug effects ; *Terpenes/pharmacology/chemistry/administration & dosage ; *Neoplasms/prevention & control/microbiology ; Quorum Sensing/drug effects ; Animals ; *Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology/chemistry ; },
abstract = {The role of microbes in cancer is gaining attention these days, especially in the context of tumor-associated biofilms and dysbiotic microbiota. Biofilm-producing microorganisms, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and Helicobacter pylori, trigger oncogenic inflammation and immune evasion in tumor initiation and progression, and in the development of chemoresistance, through the activation of the NF-κB, STAT3, and β-catenin pathways. Dietary terpenoids are a structurally diverse group of antitumor and antibiofilm plant metabolites. Monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, and triterpenoids are known to inhibit quorum sensing, the biosynthesis of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and the expression of biofilm-associated virulence factors, proposing an unexplored convergence among antibiofilm and anticancer mechanisms. Importantly, the biofilm structure (thickness, developmental stage, EPS density) affects the efficacy of terpenoids, affecting diffusion, microbial persistence, and therapeutic susceptibility. The quorum-sensing disruption is more effective in the early stages of biofilms, while high concentrations of EPS in mature, thick biofilms will require more penetration to disrupt quorum sensing. Innovative functional food matrices, including nano-enabled delivery systems, are emerging strategies to improve bioavailability and microbiome modulation of terpenoids. Furthermore, nano-formulations allow better penetration in dense biofilm matrices, protect terpenoids from early degradation, and allow prolonged and focused drug release in the tumor microenvironment associated with biofilms. Combining precision nutrition with microbiome-informed dietary strategies can be used to prevent and treat cancer. The present review combines studies linking biofilm-driven carcinogenesis with terpenoid-mediated antibiofilm-anticancer pathways and nano-mediated functional delivery and biofilm penetration, including highlighting the potential for microbiome modulation in cancer therapy.},
}

Humans
*Biofilms/drug effects
*Terpenes/pharmacology/chemistry/administration & dosage
*Neoplasms/prevention & control/microbiology
Quorum Sensing/drug effects
Animals
*Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology/chemistry

@article {pmid42593076,
year = {2026},
author = {Ramos Romano, AL and Coutouné, N and Rego-Costa, A and Desai, MM and Carazzolle, MF and Gombert, AK},
title = {Dynamics of contaminant microbes in bioethanol production from sugarcane.},
journal = {Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jimb/kuag020},
pmid = {42593076},
issn = {1476-5535},
abstract = {The dynamics and impact of microbial contaminants in industrial sugarcane bioethanol production in Brazil were investigated through a two-year metagenomic study across two biorefineries. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing revealed that temporal shifts in the contaminant microbiome dynamics within production seasons were more pronounced than inter-annual or inter-mill variations. While Saccharomyces spp. dominated, bacterial communities, primarily within the Firmicutes phylum and dominated by the genera Lactobacillus, Limosilactobacillus, and Bacillus, exhibited dynamic changes. Correlation analyses with industrial process parameters revealed a complex interplay: lower Lactobacillus levels in one mill were associated with increased ethanol yield, whereas higher levels in another mill correlated with reduced yeast viability and increased flocculation. The presence of Limosilactobacillus was linked to decreased yeast viability, whereas Bacillus showed potential for inhibiting both Lactobacillus and Limosilactobacillus. These findings highlight the nuanced and species-specific impacts of bacterial contaminants on bioethanol production, underscoring the need for strain-level functional studies and targeted interventions to optimize fermentation efficiency and stability in industrial settings.},
}

@article {pmid42593109,
year = {2026},
author = {Ge, X and Song, J and Zhang, L and Zhang, C and Yang, Y and Kong, X and Guo, F and Pu, C},
title = {Occupational exposure to Baijiu fermentation environments alters nasal microbiota composition: a comparative analysis of Strong-flavor and Sesame-flavor production systems.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0220225},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.02202-25},
pmid = {42593109},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Traditional Chinese Baijiu fermentation environments harbor complex microbial consortia critical for product quality, yet their effects on human nasal microbiota remain poorly characterized. This cross-sectional study compared nasal microbiota profiles of Strong-flavor (n = 25) and Sesame-flavor (n = 22) Baijiu workers against non-exposed individuals (n = 30) using 16S rRNA sequencing of environmental samples and nasal swabs. After adjusting for age and working age, no significant differences in Shannon diversity or species richness were observed among the three groups (ANCOVA, P > 0.05). However, community structure differed significantly (PERMANOVA, marginal R[2] = 0.075, P = 0.001), with Strong-flavor workers clustering closer to non-exposed individuals than Sesame-flavor workers. FEAST-based source tracking identified entry-pit fermented grains, Daqu, and air as primary contributors, accounting for 18.63% and 21.39% of nasal microbiota in Strong- and Sesame-flavor workers, respectively. ALDEx2 revealed six genera depleted in both exposed groups (FDR < 0.05): Caproiciproducens, Petrimonas, Proteiniphilum, Sporosarcina, Syntrophomonas, and an uncultured genus. No genera were significantly enriched in either exposed group. These findings indicate occupational exposure to Baijiu fermentation environments reduces the nasal carriage of several anaerobic taxa without altering overall alpha diversity.

IMPORTANCE: This study is the first to systematically compare how two major Baijiu fermentation environments-Strong-flavor and Sesame-flavor-affect the nasal microbiota of workers. By integrating environmental and nasal microbiome data, we show that entry pit grains, Daqu, and air are the main known sources of bacteria found in workers' noses. Occupational exposure in both production systems depletes several anaerobic genera, while overall microbial diversity remains unchanged. These findings connect microbial ecology with occupational health and support practical interventions: improving Daqu storage and ventilation, routine microbial surveillance, and preserving traditional fermentation practices without compromising safety. This work advances our understanding of human environment microbial exchange in traditional food systems with implications for global fermentation industries.},
}

@article {pmid42593283,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, J and Zhou, QQ and Du, YJ and Zhang, L and Cheng, L and Zhang, YQ and Wang, YY and Lu, ZW and Jin, X and Cao, YG and He, YT and Zhang, LL and Qian, L and Li, BZ},
title = {Gut microbiota dysbiosis and plasma lipidomic signatures in systemic lupus erythematosus.},
journal = {Lupus},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {9612033261477298},
doi = {10.1177/09612033261477298},
pmid = {42593283},
issn = {1477-0962},
abstract = {ObjectivesSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a major autoimmune disease. Recent studies have found that changes in lipid metabolism and gut microbes are associated with the pathogenesis of SLE. However, the coordination of gut commensal bacteria and SLE lipid metabolism is not clear.MethodsGut microbiota profiling was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal samples, and functional prediction was conducted using PICRUSt. Plasma lipidomics was performed using LC-MS. Associations between differentially abundant microbial taxa and differential lipids were assessed using Spearman's rank correlation.ResultsWe found obvious abnormalities in lipid metabolism in SLE patients. Sphingolipid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism were the most significantly dysregulated pathways in these patients. There is an obvious intestinal flora imbalance in SLE patients, the Becteroides and Lachnoclostridium is the most important genus to distinguish SLE case groups from control groups. Some differential metabolites in the plasma of SLE patients were correlated with some differential bacteria in the stool. Most of the bacteria associated with lipid changes belonged to Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteriaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Bacteroidetes, Gordonibacter, Romboutsia, etc.ConclusionOur findings illustrate the disruption of the gut microbiome and lipid group in SLE patients, which may facilitate the development of new SLE interventions.},
}

@article {pmid42593369,
year = {2026},
author = {Slack, J and Vogtmann, E and Docherty, S and Albrecht, TA},
title = {Pilot Study of Oral Microbiome and Psychoneurological Symptom Cluster in Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Nursing research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/NNR.0000000000000939},
pmid = {42593369},
issn = {1538-9847},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Women with breast cancer experience high symptom burden from a psychoneurological symptom cluster consisting of fatigue, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, and pain. Interventions to manage this symptom cluster are limited as its etiology is not well understood. One system that has been linked with this symptom cluster in both healthy and other chronically ill populations but has not been explored in breast cancer is the oral microbiome.

OBJECTIVE: We examined differences in oral microbiome diversity and composition between women with breast cancer who reported high versus low levels of psychoneurological symptoms.

METHODS: Oral microbial changes based on bacterial diversity and relative abundance were estimated from 16S rRNA gene sequencing data of oral tongue swabs from 22 women with breast cancer prior to mastectomy. The fatigue, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance, and pain interference subscales of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System 29 scale were used to calculate the symptom groups.

RESULTS: Observed amplicon sequence variants were lower in the high-symptom group than in the low-symptom group, but no differences between groups were seen in other alpha diversity metrics (Shannon, Inverse Simpson). No differences in beta diversity were found between the high- and low-symptom groups. For differential abundance, three genera were more abundant in the high-symptom group than the low-symptom group: Aggregatibacter, Lautropia, and Prevotellaceae UCG-001.

DISCUSSION: Preliminary associations were identified between the psychoneurological symptom cluster and oral microbiome diversity and composition. Of the differentially abundant genera, Lautropia has been previously linked with anxiety, and Aggregatibacter has been researched due to its pro-inflammatory potential. As inflammation is posited to influence psychoneurological symptom cluster severity, further research on the relationship between the oral microbiome and the psychoneurological symptom cluster, specifically in relation to potential causal mechanisms, is warranted. Enhanced insight into this relationship could inform targeted interventions to improve the symptom experience for women with breast cancer.},
}

@article {pmid42593430,
year = {2026},
author = {Uddin, S and Gull, S and Wang, J and Yin, J and Hussain, HA and Mahmood, U and Yang, X},
title = {Synergistic Inoculation of Funneliformis mosseae and Pseudomonas putida Enhances Drought Resilience in Citrus reticulata Through Coordinated Physiological and Transcriptomic Responses.},
journal = {Physiologia plantarum},
volume = {178},
number = {4},
pages = {e71067},
pmid = {42593430},
issn = {1399-3054},
support = {2022CQBSHTB1001//Special Funding for Postdoctoral Research Projects of Chongqing, China/ ; Y20240129//National Foreign Expert Program, Individual Category, China/ ; SWUB23058//Postgraduate Research Innovation Project of Southwest University of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Citrus/microbiology/physiology/genetics ; *Pseudomonas putida/physiology ; Drought Resistance ; *Transcriptome/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Photosynthesis ; Droughts ; *Mycorrhizae/physiology ; Fungi ; },
abstract = {Climate change and increasing drought conditions significantly impede citrus productivity in subtropical and tropical regions. This study explores the potential of combining arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Funneliformis mosseae and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Pseudomonas putida to enhance drought tolerance in Citrus reticulata (Red tangerine). Although AMF-mediated drought tolerance has been extensively documented, the interactive effect of PGPR and AMF on phytohormone signalling, photosynthetic efficiency, nutrient acquisition, and gene expression remains largely unexplored in citrus. An experiment was conducted under well-watered and drought conditions to assess the physiological and molecular responses to individual and co-inoculation with PGPR and AMF. Under drought condition, dual inoculated plants showed significantly improved leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, carbon assimilation and antioxidant defence. PGPR-AMF co-inoculation enhanced chlorophyll stability, osmotic adjustment and nutrient uptake, while significantly reducing lipid peroxidation and ROS accumulation. The turquoise module emerged from transcriptomic and gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) as a potential key regulator of stress adaptation, revealing key regulatory transcription factors (e.g., CrMYB4, CrZFP8, CrSOS5, CrRGFR2 and CrQUA1) upregulated under combined inoculation, highlighting their potential role in stress adaptation. Our findings demonstrate that the synergistic PGPR-AMF interaction improves antioxidant enzyme activities and modulates gene expression to promote drought tolerance, providing new insights into the microbiome's role in plant resilience. These results offer a potential strategy to boost citrus growth and yield under water scarcity, with broad implications for agricultural resilience to climate change.},
}

*Citrus/microbiology/physiology/genetics
*Pseudomonas putida/physiology
Drought Resistance
*Transcriptome/genetics
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Photosynthesis
Droughts
*Mycorrhizae/physiology
Fungi

@article {pmid42593554,
year = {2026},
author = {Xiao, J and Zha, Z and Liao, Z and Li, Z},
title = {Treatment with Roseburia intestinalis Relieves Symptoms of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) by Altering the Gut Microbiota and Increasing the Levels of Fecal SCFAs in Adriamycin-Induced CKD Rats.},
journal = {Current microbiology},
volume = {83},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {42593554},
issn = {1432-0991},
support = {82405007//the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 20242BAB20468//The Foundation of the Jiangxi Province Department of Science and Technology Youth Project/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Feces/chemistry/microbiology ; *Fatty Acids, Volatile/analysis/metabolism ; Rats ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; Male ; *Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy/chemically induced/microbiology/drug therapy ; Doxorubicin/adverse effects ; *Probiotics/administration & dosage ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Disease Models, Animal ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Kidney/pathology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; },
abstract = {This study investigated the therapeutic potential of the probiotic Roseburia intestinalis (R. intestinalis) in alleviating chronic kidney disease (CKD) symptoms and explored whether these effects are mediated through the modulation of the gut microbiota and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). An Adriamycin (ADR)-induced CKD rat model was established, and the rats were treated with R. intestinalis via oral gavage for 8 weeks. Renal function, histopathology, and inflammatory markers were assessed. The gut microbiota composition was analyzed using 16 S rRNA sequencing, and SCFA levels were quantified by gas chromatography. To verify the underlying mechanism, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed in germ-free CKD rats. The results demonstrate that R. intestinalis significantly mitigated CKD symptoms, including reduced proteinuria, serum creatinine, and renal inflammation, while reversing weight loss. The treatment restored gut microbial diversity, specifically by increasing the abundance of Firmicutes and fecal SCFA levels (acetate, propionate, and butyrate). Importantly, FMT from R. intestinalis-treated rats into germ-free CKD rats reversed these beneficial effects, whereas R. intestinalis alone under germ-free conditions was less effective, suggesting the need for a complex microbiome for full efficacy. These findings indicate that R. intestinalis is associated with alleviation of CKD symptoms by modulating the gut microbiota and enhancing fecal SCFA production, highlighting its potential as a promising probiotic intervention for CKD management and underscoring the role of the gut-kidney axis as a therapeutic target.},
}

Animals
*Feces/chemistry/microbiology
*Fatty Acids, Volatile/analysis/metabolism
Rats
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
Male
*Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy/chemically induced/microbiology/drug therapy
Doxorubicin/adverse effects
*Probiotics/administration & dosage
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Disease Models, Animal
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Kidney/pathology
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics

@article {pmid41017724,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, Y and Mo, C and He, X and Xiao, Q and Yang, X},
title = {Gut microbial community of patients with Parkinson's disease analyzed using metagenome-assembled genomes.},
journal = {Neural regeneration research},
volume = {21},
number = {8},
pages = {3815-3823},
pmid = {41017724},
issn = {1673-5374},
abstract = {Previous investigations into gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with Parkinson’s disease have relied on 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and assembly-free metagenomic approaches. However, there is an urgent need to study the function of the gut microbiome at the genome level using metagenome-assembled genomes. Here, we conducted single-sample metagenomic binning analysis using shotgun metagenomic sequencing data and retrieved 2837 metagenome-assembled genomes to explore the gut microbiota profile at the genome level. Reconstructing microbial genomes from metagenomic sequences greatly enriched the diversity and number of microbial genomes, especially those of uncultivable strains. By integrating the analysis of metagenome-assembled genomes with clinical parameters, we observed higher α-diversity indexes and a very different composition of microbial communities in patients with Parkinson’s disease. We also identified microbial species and metagenome-assembled genomes that were significantly associated with clinical characteristics, including disease severity, medication, motor complications, and non-motor symptoms. The genes of Parkinson’s disease severity-associated metagenome-assembled genomes were distributed across multiple pathways, such as carbon metabolism, phosphonate metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, bile acid metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, neuroprotective molecules, immunogenic components, toxic metabolites, translation, and bacterial secretion. Our work provides a comprehensive resource for investigating the gut microbiota–Parkinson’s disease relationship at the genome level, which may enhance our comprehension of the underlying mechanisms of this disease.},
}

@article {pmid41400283,
year = {2026},
author = {Metzen, IE and Bucher, M},
title = {Streamlining the isolation of fungal hyphae: a semi-automated approach for soil substrates.},
journal = {Journal of experimental botany},
volume = {77},
number = {15},
pages = {4857-4873},
pmid = {41400283},
issn = {1460-2431},
support = {//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)/ ; },
mesh = {*Hyphae/isolation & purification ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Fungi/isolation & purification ; Soil/chemistry ; Centrifugation/methods ; },
abstract = {Extracting fungal hyphae with their naturally associated microbiota from soil samples presents a significant challenge due to their small size, typically in the micrometer range, and the formation of dynamic fungal networks. We combined elements of previous protocols and automated the wet-sieving steps of the methodology to efficiently extract fungal hyphae from various soil types, including natural loamy soils. This approach reduces manual handling, minimizes operator-dependent variability, and shortens processing time by up to 2.5-fold. Unlike earlier methods that require sand or glass bead supplementation, which can introduce artificial conditions and limit large-scale field applications, our sieving and sucrose centrifugation (SSC) method avoids these drawbacks. The SSC technique both enables quantification of hyphal length density (HLD) and, importantly, preserves surface-associated microbes for downstream analyses. Among the tested methods, SSC yielded the highest HLD. Using a combination of microscopy, molecular techniques, and next-generation sequencing (NGS), we demonstrate that this method allows targeted study of bacteria tightly attached to fungal hyphae. Furthermore, the SSC approach effectively enriched fungal hyphae from a highly diverse soil community, establishing a dependable tool for advancing research on fungal hyphae as microbial hotspots in soil ecosystems.},
}

*Hyphae/isolation & purification
*Soil Microbiology
*Fungi/isolation & purification
Soil/chemistry
Centrifugation/methods

@article {pmid42580083,
year = {2026},
author = {Blanca-Serrano, T and Agredano-Sánchez, M and López Gigosos, RM and Jiménez Navarro, MF and González-Domenech, CM and Gutiérrez-Bedmar, M},
title = {Physical, mental and biochemical effects of probiotics in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)},
volume = {64},
number = {},
pages = {106747},
doi = {10.1016/j.clnu.2026.106747},
pmid = {42580083},
issn = {1532-1983},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation on physical, mental, and biochemical outcomes in adults with multiple sclerosis (MS).

METHODS: A comprehensive search of major databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) following PRISMA guidelines for studies published up to December 2025.

RESULTS: Six randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) involving 282 participants met the inclusion criteria. Interventions varied in probiotic strains, doses, and duration. Quantitative synthesis showed that probiotic supplementation produced significant beneficial effects on motor outcomes, particularly fatigue and pain. No significant improvements were observed in disability status measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale. Mental health outcomes, including depression and general psychological well-being, did not demonstrate statistically significant changes following probiotic use. In addition, biochemical analyses revealed a moderate overall benefit, driven primarily by reductions in systemic inflammatory markers, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Effects on oxidative stress parameters were inconsistent, though some studies reported decreased malondialdehyde levels and improved antioxidant capacity.

CONCLUSION: Overall, findings suggest that probiotics may offer moderate benefits for symptom management in MS, particularly for fatigue, pain, and inflammation, while evidence for effects on mental health remains limited. Further well-designed, multi-ethnic RCTs integrating microbiome and immunological assessments are needed to confirm these results and clarify underlying mechanisms. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024511183.},
}