@article {pmid39026872,
year = {2024},
author = {Ostridge, HJ and Fontsere, C and Lizano, E and Soto, DC and Schmidt, JM and Saxena, V and Alvarez-Estape, M and Barratt, CD and Gratton, P and Bocksberger, G and Lester, JD and Dieguez, P and Agbor, A and Angedakin, S and Assumang, AK and Bailey, E and Barubiyo, D and Bessone, M and Brazzola, G and Chancellor, R and Cohen, H and Coupland, C and Danquah, E and Deschner, T and Dotras, L and Dupain, J and Egbe, VE and Granjon, AC and Head, J and Hedwig, D and Hermans, V and Hernandez-Aguilar, RA and Jeffery, KJ and Jones, S and Junker, J and Kadam, P and Kaiser, M and Kalan, AK and Kambere, M and Kienast, I and Kujirakwinja, D and Langergraber, KE and Lapuente, J and Larson, B and Laudisoit, A and Lee, KC and Llana, M and Maretti, G and Martín, R and Meier, A and Morgan, D and Neil, E and Nicholl, S and Nixon, S and Normand, E and Orbell, C and Ormsby, LJ and Orume, R and Pacheco, L and Preece, J and Regnaut, S and Robbins, MM and Rundus, A and Sanz, C and Sciaky, L and Sommer, V and Stewart, FA and Tagg, N and Tédonzong, LR and van Schijndel, J and Vendras, E and Wessling, EG and Willie, J and Wittig, RM and Yuh, YG and Yurkiw, K and Vigilant, L and Piel, A and Boesch, C and Kühl, HS and Dennis, MY and Marques-Bonet, T and Arandjelovic, M and Andrés, AM},
title = {Local genetic adaptation to habitat in wild chimpanzees.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39026872},
issn = {2692-8205},
support = {/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; DP2 MH119424/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States ; R01 MH132818/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {How populations adapt to their environment is a fundamental question in biology. Yet we know surprisingly little about this process, especially for endangered species such as non-human great apes. Chimpanzees, our closest living relatives, are particularly interesting because they inhabit diverse habitats, from rainforest to woodland-savannah. Whether genetic adaptation facilitates such habitat diversity remains unknown, despite having wide implications for evolutionary biology and conservation. Using 828 newly generated exomes from wild chimpanzees, we find evidence of fine-scale genetic adaptation to habitat. Notably, adaptation to malaria in forest chimpanzees is mediated by the same genes underlying adaptation to malaria in humans. This work demonstrates the power of non-invasive samples to reveal genetic adaptations in endangered populations and highlights the importance of adaptive genetic diversity for chimpanzees.},
}

@article {pmid39037435,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, X and Liu, S and Yu, Z and Guo, X and Zhang, R and Sun, H and Zhang, Y},
title = {Cognatishimia coralii sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from seawater surrounding corals.},
journal = {International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology},
volume = {74},
number = {7},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1099/ijsem.0.006467},
pmid = {39037435},
issn = {1466-5034},
mesh = {*Anthozoa/microbiology ; *Phylogeny ; *Seawater/microbiology ; *Base Composition ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; *Fatty Acids/analysis ; Animals ; China ; *Bacterial Typing Techniques ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; *Coral Reefs ; Ubiquinone/analogs & derivatives ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; },
abstract = {Coral reefs are declining due to the rising seawater temperature. Bacteria within and surrounding corals play key roles in maintaining the homeostasis of the coral holobiont. Research on coral-related bacteria could provide benefits for coral reef restoration. During the isolation of coral-associated bacteria, a Gram-stain-negative, motile bacterium (D5M38[T]) was isolated from seawater surrounding corals in Daya Bay, Shenzhen, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain D5M38[T] represents a novel species in the genus Cognatishimia. The temperature range for strain D5M38[T] growth was 10-40 °C, and the optimum temperature was 37 °C. The salinity range for the growth of this isolate was from 0 to 4.0 %, with an optimal salinity level of 0.5 %. The pH range necessary for strain D5M38[T] growth was between pH 5.0 and 9.0, with an optimal pH being 7.5. The predominant fatty acid was summed feature 8 (65.0 %). The major respiratory quinone was Q-10. The DNA G+C content was 56.8 %. The genome size was 3.88 Mb. The average nucleotide identity (ANI), average amino acid identity (AAI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain D5M38[T] and its two closest neighbours, Cognatishimia activa LMG 29900[T] and Cognatishimia maritima KCTC 23347[T], were 73.2/73.6%, 73.2/73.6% and 19.7/19.5%, respectively. Strain D5M38[T] was clearly distinct from its closest neighbours C. activa LMG 29900[T] and C. maritima KCTC 23347[T], with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 97.5 and 97.3 %, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis, along with the ANI, AAI, and dDDH values, demonstrated that strain D5M38[T] is a member of the genus Cognatishimia, and is distinct from the other two recognized species within this genus. The physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics also supported the species novelty of strain D5M38[T]. Thus, strain D5M38[T] is considered to be classified as representing a novel species in the genus Cognatishimia, for which the name Cognatishimia coralii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is D5M38[T] (=MCCC 1K08692[T]=KCTC 8160[T]).},
}

*Anthozoa/microbiology
*Phylogeny
*Seawater/microbiology
*Base Composition
*RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
*DNA, Bacterial/genetics
*Fatty Acids/analysis
Animals
China
*Bacterial Typing Techniques
*Sequence Analysis, DNA
*Coral Reefs
Ubiquinone/analogs & derivatives
Nucleic Acid Hybridization

@article {pmid39036359,
year = {2024},
author = {Rolli, E and Ghitti, E and Mapelli, F and Borin, S},
title = {Polychlorinated biphenyls modify Arabidopsis root exudation pattern to accommodate degrading bacteria, showing strain and functional trait specificity.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1429096},
pmid = {39036359},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The importance of plant rhizodeposition to sustain microbial growth and induce xenobiotic degradation in polluted environments is increasingly recognized.

METHODS: Here the "cry-for-help" hypothesis, consisting in root chemistry remodeling upon stress, was investigated in the presence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), highly recalcitrant and phytotoxic compounds, highlighting its role in reshaping the nutritional and signaling features of the root niche to accommodate PCB-degrading microorganisms.

RESULTS: Arabidopsis exposure to 70 µM PCB-18 triggered plant-detrimental effects, stress-related traits, and PCB-responsive gene expression, reproducing PCB phytotoxicity. The root exudates of plantlets exposed for 2 days to the pollutant were collected and characterized through untargeted metabolomics analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis disclosed a different root exudation fingerprint in PCB-18-exposed plants, potentially contributing to the "cry-for-help" event. To investigate this aspect, the five compounds identified in the exudate metabolomic analysis (i.e., scopoletin, N-hydroxyethyl-β-alanine, hypoxanthine, L-arginyl-L-valine, and L-seryl-L-phenylalanine) were assayed for their influence on the physiology and functionality of the PCB-degrading strains Pseudomonas alcaliphila JAB1, Paraburkholderia xenovorans LB400, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus P320. Scopoletin, whose relative abundance decreased in PCB-18-stressed plant exudates, hampered the growth and proliferation of strains JAB1 and P320, presumably due to its antimicrobial activity, and reduced the beneficial effect of Acinetobacter P320, which showed a higher degree of growth promotion in the scopoletin-depleted mutant f6'h1 compared to Arabidopsis WT plants exposed to PCB. Nevertheless, scopoletin induced the expression of the bph catabolic operon in strains JAB1 and LB400. The primary metabolites hypoxanthine, L-arginyl-L-valine, and L-seryl-L-phenylalanine, which increased in relative abundance upon PCB-18 stress, were preferentially used as nutrients and growth-stimulating factors by the three degrading strains and showed a variable ability to affect rhizocompetence traits like motility and biofilm formation.

DISCUSSION: These findings expand the knowledge on PCB-triggered "cry-for-help" and its role in steering the PCB-degrading microbiome to boost the holobiont fitness in polluted environments.},
}

@article {pmid39030686,
year = {2024},
author = {Wallace, BA and Varona, NS and Hesketh-Best, PJ and Stiffler, AK and Silveira, CB},
title = {Globally distributed bacteriophage genomes reveal mechanisms of tripartite phage-bacteria-coral interactions.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae132},
pmid = {39030686},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Reef-building corals depend on an intricate community of microorganisms for functioning and resilience. The infection of coral-associated bacteria by bacteriophages can modify bacteria-host interactions, yet very little is known about phage functions in the holobiont. This gap stems from methodological limitations that have prevented the recovery of high-quality viral genomes and bacterial host assignment from coral samples. Here, we introduce a size fractionation approach that increased bacterial and viral recovery in coral metagenomes by 9-fold and 2-fold, respectively, and enabled the assembly and binning of bacterial and viral genomes at relatively low sequencing coverage. We combined these viral genomes with those derived from 677 publicly available metagenomes, viromes, and bacterial isolates from stony corals to build a global coral virus database of over 20 000 viral genomic sequences spanning four viral realms. The tailed bacteriophage families Kyanoviridae and Autographiviridae were the most abundant, replacing groups formerly referred to as Myoviridae and Podoviridae, respectively. Prophage and CRISPR spacer linkages between these viruses and 626 bacterial metagenome-assembled genomes and bacterial isolates showed that most viruses infected Alphaproteobacteria, the most abundant class, and less abundant taxa like Halanaerobiia and Bacteroidia. A host-phage-gene network identified keystone viruses with the genomic capacity to modulate bacterial metabolic pathways and direct molecular interactions with eukaryotic cells. This study reveals the genomic basis of nested symbioses between bacteriophage, bacteria, and the coral host and its endosymbiotic algae.},
}

@article {pmid39030648,
year = {2024},
author = {Moretti, LG and Crusciol, CAC and Leite, MFA and Momesso, L and Bossolani, JW and Costa, OYA and Hungria, M and Kuramae, EE},
title = {Diverse bacterial consortia: key drivers of rhizosoil fertility modulating microbiome functions, plant physiology, nutrition, and soybean grain yield.},
journal = {Environmental microbiome},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {50},
pmid = {39030648},
issn = {2524-6372},
support = {2016/23699-8; 2018/14892-4//Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo/ ; 151120/2020-0//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/ ; },
abstract = {Soybean cultivation in tropical regions relies on symbioses with nitrogen-fixing Bradyrhizobium and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPBs), reducing environmental impacts of N fertilizers and pesticides. We evaluate the effects of soybean inoculation with different bacterial consortia combined with PGPBs or microbial secondary metabolites (MSMs) on rhizosoil chemistry, plant physiology, plant nutrition, grain yield, and rhizosphere microbial functions under field conditions over three growing seasons with four treatments: standard inoculation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens consortium (SI); SI plus foliar spraying with Bacillus subtilis (SI + Bs); SI plus foliar spraying with Azospirillum brasilense (SI + Az); and SI plus seed application of MSMs enriched in lipo-chitooligosaccharides extracted from B. diazoefficiens and Rhizobium tropici (SI + MSM). Rhizosphere microbial composition, diversity, and function was assessed by metagenomics. The relationships between rhizosoil chemistry, plant nutrition, grain yield, and the abundance of microbial taxa and functions were determined by generalized joint attribute modeling. The bacterial consortia had the most significant impact on rhizosphere soil fertility, which in turn affected the bacterial community, plant physiology, nutrient availability, and production. Cluster analysis identified microbial groups and functions correlated with shifts in rhizosoil chemistry and plant nutrition. Bacterial consortia positively modulated specific genera and functional pathways involved in biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites, amino acids, lipopolysaccharides, photosynthesis, bacterial secretion systems, and sulfur metabolism. The effects of the bacterial consortia on the soybean holobiont, particularly the rhizomicrobiome and rhizosoil fertility, highlight the importance of selecting appropriate consortia for desired outcomes. These findings have implications for microbial-based agricultural practices that enhance crop productivity, quality, and sustainability.},
}

@article {pmid39030484,
year = {2024},
author = {Siegieda, D and Panek, J and Frąc, M},
title = {Ecological processes of bacterial microbiome assembly in healthy and dysbiotic strawberry farms.},
journal = {BMC plant biology},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {692},
pmid = {39030484},
issn = {1471-2229},
support = {BIOSTRATEG3/344433/16/NCBR/2018//Narodowe Centrum Badań i Rozwoju/ ; },
mesh = {*Fragaria/microbiology ; *Microbiota ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Rhizosphere ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; Plant Shoots/microbiology ; Farms ; },
abstract = {The bacterial microbiome plays crucial role in plants' resistance to diseases, nutrient uptake and productivity. We examined the microbiome characteristics of healthy and unhealthy strawberry farms, focusing on soil (bulk soil, rhizosphere soil) and plant (roots and shoots). The relative abundance of most abundant taxa were correlated with the chemical soil properties and shoot niche revealed the least amount of significant correlations between the two. While alpha and beta diversities did not show differences between health groups, we identified a number of core taxa (16-59) and marker bacterial taxa for each healthy (Unclassified Tepidisphaerales, Ohtaekwangia, Hydrocarboniphaga) and dysbiotic (Udaeobacter, Solibacter, Unclassified Chitinophagales, Unclassified Nitrosomonadaceae, Nitrospira, Nocardioides, Tardiphaga, Skermanella, Pseudomonas, Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium, Curtobacterium) niche. We also revealed selective pressure of strawberry rhizosphere soil and roots plants in unhealthy plantations increased stochastic ecological processes of bacterial microbiome assembly in shoots. Our findings contribute to understanding sustainable agriculture and plant-microbiome interactions.},
}

*Fragaria/microbiology
*Microbiota
*Soil Microbiology
*Rhizosphere
*Bacteria/classification/genetics
Plant Roots/microbiology
Plant Shoots/microbiology
Farms

@article {pmid39030351,
year = {2024},
author = {Gong, S and Liang, J and Xu, L and Wang, Y and Li, J and Jin, X and Yu, K and Zhang, Y},
title = {Diel transcriptional responses of coral-Symbiodiniaceae holobiont to elevated temperature.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {882},
pmid = {39030351},
issn = {2399-3642},
mesh = {*Anthozoa/genetics/physiology ; Animals ; *Symbiosis ; Circadian Rhythm/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Hot Temperature ; Dinoflagellida/genetics/physiology ; Temperature ; },
abstract = {Coral exhibits diel rhythms in behavior and gene transcription. However, the influence of elevated temperature, a key factor causing coral bleaching, on these rhythms remains poorly understood. To address this, we examined physiological, metabolic, and gene transcription oscillations in the Acropora tenuis-Cladocopium sp. holobiont under constant darkness (DD), light-dark cycle (LD), and LD with elevated temperature (HLD). Under LD, the values of photosystem II efficiency, reactive oxygen species leakage, and lipid peroxidation exhibited significant diel oscillations. These oscillations were further amplified during coral bleaching under HLD. Gene transcription analysis identified 24-hour rhythms for specific genes in both coral and Symbiodiniaceae under LD. Notably, these rhythms were disrupted in coral and shifted in Symbiodiniaceae under HLD. Importantly, we identified over 20 clock or clock-controlled genes in this holobiont. Specifically, we suggested CIPC (CLOCK-interacting pacemaker-like) gene as a core clock gene in coral. We observed that the transcription of two abundant rhythmic genes encoding glycoside hydrolases (CBM21) and heme-binding protein (SOUL) were dysregulated by elevated temperature. These findings indicate that elevated temperatures disrupt diel gene transcription rhythms in the coral-Symbiodiniaceae holobiont, affecting essential symbiosis processes, such as carbohydrate utilization and redox homeostasis. These disruptions may contribute to the thermal bleaching of coral.},
}

*Anthozoa/genetics/physiology
Animals
*Symbiosis
Circadian Rhythm/genetics
Transcription, Genetic
Hot Temperature
Dinoflagellida/genetics/physiology
Temperature

@article {pmid38999024,
year = {2024},
author = {Schwarcz, S and Nyerges, P and Bíró, TI and Janka, E and Bai, P and Mikó, E},
title = {Cytostatic Bacterial Metabolites Interfere with 5-Fluorouracil, Doxorubicin and Paclitaxel Efficiency in 4T1 Breast Cancer Cells.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {29},
number = {13},
pages = {},
pmid = {38999024},
issn = {1420-3049},
support = {FK128387, K142141, TKP2021-EGA-19, TKP-EGA-20//NKFIH/ ; POST-COVID2021-33//Grant from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences/ ; ÚNKP-23-3-II-DE-151, ÚNKP-23-3-I-DE-184, ÚNKP-23-4-II-DE-172//ÚNKP-23/ ; },
mesh = {*Paclitaxel/pharmacology ; *Fluorouracil/pharmacology ; *Doxorubicin/pharmacology ; *Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/metabolism/pathology ; Female ; *Cytostatic Agents/pharmacology ; *Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Mice ; Animals ; Bacteria/drug effects/metabolism ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Indoles/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {The microbiome is capable of modulating the bioavailability of chemotherapy drugs, mainly due to metabolizing these agents. Multiple cytostatic bacterial metabolites were recently identified that have cytostatic effects on cancer cells. In this study, we addressed the question of whether a set of cytostatic bacterial metabolites (cadaverine, indolepropionic acid and indoxylsulfate) can interfere with the cytostatic effects of the chemotherapy agents used in the management of breast cancer (doxorubicin, gemcitabine, irinotecan, methotrexate, rucaparib, 5-fluorouracil and paclitaxel). The chemotherapy drugs were applied in a wide concentration range to which a bacterial metabolite was added in a concentration within its serum reference range, and the effects on cell proliferation were assessed. There was no interference between gemcitabine, irinotecan, methotrexate or rucaparib and the bacterial metabolites. Nevertheless, cadaverine and indolepropionic acid modulated the Hill coefficient of the inhibitory curve of doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil. Changes to the Hill coefficient implicate alterations to the kinetics of the binding of the chemotherapy agents to their targets. These effects have an unpredictable significance from the clinical or pharmacological perspective. Importantly, indolepropionic acid decreased the IC50 value of paclitaxel, which is a potentially advantageous combination.},
}

*Paclitaxel/pharmacology
*Fluorouracil/pharmacology
*Doxorubicin/pharmacology
*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/metabolism/pathology
Female
*Cytostatic Agents/pharmacology
*Cell Proliferation/drug effects
Cell Line, Tumor
Humans
Mice
Animals
Bacteria/drug effects/metabolism
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
Indoles/pharmacology

@article {pmid38996487,
year = {2024},
author = {Sandoval-Velasco, M and Dudchenko, O and Rodríguez, JA and Pérez Estrada, C and Dehasque, M and Fontsere, C and Mak, SST and Khan, R and Contessoto, VG and Oliveira Junior, AB and Kalluchi, A and Zubillaga Herrera, BJ and Jeong, J and Roy, RP and Christopher, I and Weisz, D and Omer, AD and Batra, SS and Shamim, MS and Durand, NC and O'Connell, B and Roca, AL and Plikus, MV and Kusliy, MA and Romanenko, SA and Lemskaya, NA and Serdyukova, NA and Modina, SA and Perelman, PL and Kizilova, EA and Baiborodin, SI and Rubtsov, NB and Machol, G and Rath, K and Mahajan, R and Kaur, P and Gnirke, A and Garcia-Treviño, I and Coke, R and Flanagan, JP and Pletch, K and Ruiz-Herrera, A and Plotnikov, V and Pavlov, IS and Pavlova, NI and Protopopov, AV and Di Pierro, M and Graphodatsky, AS and Lander, ES and Rowley, MJ and Wolynes, PG and Onuchic, JN and Dalén, L and Marti-Renom, MA and Gilbert, MTP and Aiden, EL},
title = {Three-dimensional genome architecture persists in a 52,000-year-old woolly mammoth skin sample.},
journal = {Cell},
volume = {187},
number = {14},
pages = {3541-3562.e51},
doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2024.06.002},
pmid = {38996487},
issn = {1097-4172},
mesh = {Animals ; *Mammoths/genetics ; *Genome/genetics ; Female ; *Skin ; Elephants/genetics ; Chromatin/genetics ; Fossils ; DNA, Ancient/analysis ; Mice ; Humans ; X Chromosome/genetics ; },
abstract = {Analyses of ancient DNA typically involve sequencing the surviving short oligonucleotides and aligning to genome assemblies from related, modern species. Here, we report that skin from a female woolly mammoth (†Mammuthus primigenius) that died 52,000 years ago retained its ancient genome architecture. We use PaleoHi-C to map chromatin contacts and assemble its genome, yielding 28 chromosome-length scaffolds. Chromosome territories, compartments, loops, Barr bodies, and inactive X chromosome (Xi) superdomains persist. The active and inactive genome compartments in mammoth skin more closely resemble Asian elephant skin than other elephant tissues. Our analyses uncover new biology. Differences in compartmentalization reveal genes whose transcription was potentially altered in mammoths vs. elephants. Mammoth Xi has a tetradic architecture, not bipartite like human and mouse. We hypothesize that, shortly after this mammoth's death, the sample spontaneously freeze-dried in the Siberian cold, leading to a glass transition that preserved subfossils of ancient chromosomes at nanometer scale.},
}

Animals
*Mammoths/genetics
*Genome/genetics
Female
*Skin
Elephants/genetics
Chromatin/genetics
Fossils
DNA, Ancient/analysis
Mice
Humans
X Chromosome/genetics

@article {pmid38993286,
year = {2022},
author = {Reynoso-García, J and Miranda-Santiago, AE and Meléndez-Vázquez, NM and Acosta-Pagán, K and Sánchez-Rosado, M and Díaz-Rivera, J and Rosado-Quiñones, AM and Acevedo-Márquez, L and Cruz-Roldán, L and Tosado-Rodríguez, EL and Figueroa-Gispert, MDM and Godoy-Vitorino, F},
title = {A complete guide to human microbiomes: Body niches, transmission, development, dysbiosis, and restoration.},
journal = {Frontiers in systems biology},
volume = {2},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38993286},
issn = {2674-0702},
abstract = {Humans are supra-organisms co-evolved with microbial communities (Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic), named the microbiome. These microbiomes supply essential ecosystem services that play critical roles in human health. A loss of indigenous microbes through modern lifestyles leads to microbial extinctions, associated with many diseases and epidemics. This narrative review conforms a complete guide to the human holobiont-comprising the host and all its symbiont populations- summarizes the latest and most significant research findings in human microbiome. It pretends to be a comprehensive resource in the field, describing all human body niches and their dominant microbial taxa while discussing common perturbations on microbial homeostasis, impacts of urbanization and restoration and humanitarian efforts to preserve good microbes from extinction.},
}

@article {pmid38989465,
year = {2024},
author = {Nanetti, E and Scicchitano, D and Palladino, G and Interino, N and Corlatti, L and Pedrotti, L and Zanetti, F and Pagani, E and Esposito, E and Brambilla, A and Grignolio, S and Marotti, I and Turroni, S and Fiori, J and Rampelli, S and Candela, M},
title = {The Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) gut microbiome, seasonal dynamics, and potential application in lignocellulose bioconversion.},
journal = {iScience},
volume = {27},
number = {7},
pages = {110194},
pmid = {38989465},
issn = {2589-0042},
abstract = {Aiming to shed light on the biology of wild ruminants, we investigated the gut microbiome seasonal dynamics of the Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) from the Central Italian Alps. Feces were collected in spring, summer, and autumn during non-invasive sampling campaigns. Samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, shotgun metagenomics, as well as targeted and untargeted metabolomics. Our findings revealed season-specific compositional and functional profiles of the ibex gut microbiome that may allow the host to adapt to seasonal changes in available forage, by fine-tuning the holobiont catabolic layout to fully exploit the available food. Besides confirming the importance of the host-associated microbiome in providing the phenotypic plasticity needed to buffer dietary changes, we obtained species-level genome bins and identified minimal gut microbiome community modules of 11-14 interacting strains as a possible microbiome-based solution for the bioconversion of lignocellulose to high-value compounds, such as volatile fatty acids.},
}

@article {pmid38986611,
year = {2024},
author = {Odriozola, I and Rasmussen, JA and Gilbert, MTP and Limborg, MT and Alberdi, A},
title = {A practical introduction to holo-omics.},
journal = {Cell reports methods},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {100820},
doi = {10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100820},
pmid = {38986611},
issn = {2667-2375},
abstract = {Holo-omics refers to the joint study of non-targeted molecular data layers from host-microbiota systems or holobionts, which is increasingly employed to disentangle the complex interactions between the elements that compose them. We navigate through the generation, analysis, and integration of omics data, focusing on the commonalities and main differences to generate and analyze the various types of omics, with a special focus on optimizing data generation and integration. We advocate for careful generation and distillation of data, followed by independent exploration and analyses of the single omic layers to obtain a better understanding of the study system, before the integration of multiple omic layers in a final model is attempted. We highlight critical decision points to achieve this aim and flag the main challenges to address complex biological questions regarding the integrative study of host-microbiota relationships.},
}

@article {pmid38981551,
year = {2024},
author = {Roik, A and Wall, M and Dobelmann, M and Nietzer, S and Fiesinger, A and Reverter, M and Brefeld, D and Schupp, PJ and Jackson, M and Rutsch, M and Strahl, J},
title = {Trade-off in a reef-building coral after six years of thermal acclimation.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {174589},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174589},
pmid = {38981551},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {There is growing evidence that reef-building corals can acclimate to novel and challenging thermal conditions. However, potential trade-offs that accompany acclimation remain largely unexplored. We investigated physiological trade-offs in colonies of a globally abundant coral species (Pocillopora acuta) that were acclimated ex situ to an elevated temperature of 31 °C (i.e., 1 °C above their bleaching threshold) for six years. By comparing them to conspecifics maintained at a cooler temperature, we found that the energy storage of corals was prioritized over skeletal growth at the elevated temperature. This was associated with the formation of higher density skeletons, lower calcification rates and consequently lower skeletal extension rates, which entails ramifications for future reef-building processes, structural complexity and reef community composition. Furthermore, symbionts were physiologically compromised at 31 °C and had overall lower energy reserves, likely due to greater exploitation by their host, resulting in an overall lower stress resilience of the holobiont. Our study shows how biological trade-offs of thermal acclimation unfold, helping to refine our picture of future coral reef trajectories. Importantly, our observations in this six-year study do not align with observations of short-term studies, where elevated temperatures were often associated with the depletion of energy reserves, highlighting the importance of studying acclimation of organisms at relevant biological scales.},
}

@article {pmid38979873,
year = {2024},
author = {Chávez-González, JD and Flores-Núñez, VM and Merino-Espinoza, IU and Partida-Martínez, LP},
title = {Desert plants, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and associated bacteria: Exploring the diversity and role of symbiosis under drought.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology reports},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {e13300},
doi = {10.1111/1758-2229.13300},
pmid = {38979873},
issn = {1758-2229},
support = {//CONAHCYT (Consejo Nacional de Humanidades Ciencias y Tecnologias)/ ; A1-S-9889//Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología/ ; IDEAGTO/CONV/014/2022//IDEA GTO/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology/classification/genetics ; *Symbiosis ; *Droughts ; *Desert Climate ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Agave/microbiology ; Biodiversity ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Desert plants, such as Agave tequilana, A. salmiana and Myrtillocactus geometrizans, can survive harsh environmental conditions partly due to their symbiotic relationships with microorganisms, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Interestingly, some of these fungi also harbour endosymbiotic bacteria. Our research focused on investigating the diversity of these AMFs and their associated bacteria in these plants growing in arid soil. We found that agaves have a threefold higher AMF colonization than M. geometrizans. Metabarcoding techniques revealed that the composition of AMF communities was primarily influenced by the plant host, while the bacterial communities were more affected by the specific plant compartment or niche they inhabited. We identified both known and novel endofungal bacterial taxa, including Burkholderiales, and confirmed their presence within AMF spores using multiphoton microscopy. Our study also explored the effects of drought on the symbiosis between A. tequilana and AMF. We discovered that the severity of drought conditions could modulate the strength of this symbiosis and its outcomes for the plant holobiont. Severe drought conditions prevented the formation of this symbiosis, while moderate drought conditions promoted it, thereby conferring drought tolerance in A. tequilana. This research sheds light on the diversity of AMF and associated bacteria in Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) plants and underscores the crucial role of drought as a factor modulating the symbiosis between A. tequilana and AMF. Further research is needed to understand the role of endofungal bacteria in this response.},
}

*Mycorrhizae/physiology/classification/genetics
*Symbiosis
*Droughts
*Desert Climate
*Soil Microbiology
*Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism
Agave/microbiology
Biodiversity
Plant Roots/microbiology

@article {pmid38974189,
year = {2024},
author = {Cham, AK and Adams, AK and Wadl, PA and Ojeda-Zacarías, MDC and Rutter, WB and Jackson, DM and Shoemaker, DD and Yencho, GC and Olukolu, BA},
title = {Metagenome-enabled models improve genomic predictive ability and identification of herbivory-limiting genes in sweetpotato.},
journal = {Horticulture research},
volume = {11},
number = {7},
pages = {uhae135},
pmid = {38974189},
issn = {2662-6810},
abstract = {Plant-insect interactions are often influenced by host- or insect-associated metagenomic community members. The relative abundance of insects and the microbes that modulate their interactions were obtained from sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) leaf-associated metagenomes using quantitative reduced representation sequencing and strain/species-level profiling with the Qmatey software. Positive correlations were found between whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and its endosymbionts (Candidatus Hamiltonella defensa, Candidatus Portiera aleyrodidarum, and Rickettsia spp.) and negative correlations with nitrogen-fixing bacteria that implicate nitric oxide in sweetpotato-whitefly interaction. Genome-wide associations using 252 975 dosage-based markers, and metagenomes as a covariate to reduce false positive rates, implicated ethylene and cell wall modification in sweetpotato-whitefly interaction. The predictive abilities (PA) for whitefly and Ocypus olens abundance were high in both populations (68%-69% and 33.3%-35.8%, respectively) and 69.9% for Frankliniella occidentalis. The metagBLUP (gBLUP) prediction model, which fits the background metagenome-based Cao dissimilarity matrix instead of the marker-based relationship matrix (G-matrix), revealed moderate PA (35.3%-49.1%) except for O. olens (3%-10.1%). A significant gain in PA after modeling the metagenome as a covariate (gGBLUP, ≤11%) confirms quantification accuracy and that the metagenome modulates phenotypic expression and might account for the missing heritability problem. Significant gains in PA were also revealed after fitting allele dosage (≤17.4%) and dominance effects (≤4.6%). Pseudo-diploidized genotype data underperformed for dominance models. Including segregation-distorted loci (SDL) increased PA by 6%-17.1%, suggesting that traits associated with fitness cost might benefit from the inclusion of SDL. Our findings confirm the holobiont theory of host-metagenome co-evolution and underscore its potential for breeding within the context of G × G × E interactions.},
}

@article {pmid38972908,
year = {2024},
author = {Ma, C and Xu, C and Zhang, T and Mu, Q and Lv, J and Xing, Q and Yang, Z and Xu, Z and Guan, Y and Chen, C and Ni, K and Dai, X and Ding, W and Hu, J and Bao, Z and Wang, S and Liu, P},
title = {Tracking the hologenome dynamics in aquatic invertebrates by the holo-2bRAD approach.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {827},
pmid = {38972908},
issn = {2399-3642},
support = {32130107//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Aquatic Organisms/genetics ; Invertebrates/genetics/physiology ; Microbiota ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; },
abstract = {The "hologenome" concept is an increasingly popular way of thinking about microbiome-host for marine organisms. However, it is challenging to track hologenome dynamics because of the large amount of material, with tracking itself usually resulting in damage or death of the research object. Here we show the simple and efficient holo-2bRAD approach for the tracking of hologenome dynamics in marine invertebrates (i.e., scallop and shrimp) from one holo-2bRAD library. The stable performance of our approach was shown with high genotyping accuracy of 99.91% and a high correlation of r > 0.99 for the species-level profiling of microorganisms. To explore the host-microbe association underlying mass mortality events of bivalve larvae, core microbial species changed with the stages were found, and two potentially associated host SNPs were identified. Overall, our research provides a powerful tool with various advantages (e.g., cost-effective, simple, and applicable for challenging samples) in genetic, ecological, and evolutionary studies.},
}

Animals
*Aquatic Organisms/genetics
Invertebrates/genetics/physiology
Microbiota
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

@article {pmid38196068,
year = {2024},
author = {Szeőcs, D and Vida, B and Petővári, G and Póliska, S and Janka, E and Sipos, A and Uray, K and Sebestyén, A and Krasznai, Z and Bai, P},
title = {Cell-free ascites from ovarian cancer patients induces Warburg metabolism and cell proliferation through TGFβ-ERK signaling.},
journal = {GeroScience},
volume = {46},
number = {4},
pages = {3581-3597},
pmid = {38196068},
issn = {2509-2723},
support = {K142141//NKFIH/ ; FK128387//NKFIH/ ; TKP2021-EGA-19//NKFIH/ ; TKP2021-EGA-20//NKFIH/ ; Bolyai Fellowship//Magyar Tudományos Akadémia/ ; NKM2022-30//Magyar Tudományos Akadémia/ ; POST-COVID2021-33//Magyar Tudományos Akadémia/ ; FK146852//Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology ; *Cell Proliferation ; *Ascites/metabolism ; *Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; MAP Kinase Signaling System/physiology ; Warburg Effect, Oncologic ; Middle Aged ; },
abstract = {Ascites plays a key role in supporting the metastatic potential of ovarian cancer cells. Shear stress and carry-over of cancer cells by ascites flow support carcinogenesis and metastasis formation. In addition, soluble factors may participate in the procarcinogenic effects of ascites in ovarian cancer. This study aimed to determine the biological effects of cell-free ascites on carcinogenesis in ovarian cancer cells. Cell-free ascites from ovarian cancer patients (ASC) non-selectively induced cell proliferation in multiple models of ovarian cancer and untransformed primary human dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, ASC induced a Warburg-type rearrangement of cellular metabolism in A2780 ovarian cancer cells characterized by increases in cellular oxygen consumption and glycolytic flux; increases in glycolytic flux were dominant. ASC induced mitochondrial uncoupling and fundamentally reduced fatty acid oxidation. Ascites-elicited effects were uniform among ascites specimens. ASC-elicited transcriptomic changes in A2780 ovarian cancer cells included induction of the TGFβ-ERK/MEK pathway, which plays a key role in inducing cell proliferation and oncometabolism. ASC-induced gene expression changes, as well as the overexpression of members of the TGFβ signaling system, were associated with poor survival in ovarian cancer patients. We provided evidence that the activation of the autocrine/paracrine of TGFβ signaling system may be present in bladder urothelial carcinoma and stomach adenocarcinoma. Database analysis suggests that the TGFβ system may feed forward bladder urothelial carcinoma and stomach adenocarcinoma. Soluble components of ASC support the progression of ovarian cancer. These results suggest that reducing ascites production may play an essential role in the treatment of ovarian cancer by inhibiting the progression and reducing the severity of the disease.},
}

Humans
Female
*Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology
*Cell Proliferation
*Ascites/metabolism
*Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
Cell Line, Tumor
MAP Kinase Signaling System/physiology
Warburg Effect, Oncologic
Middle Aged

@article {pmid38965478,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, J and Woo, JJ and Sesal, C and Gökalsın, B and Eldem, V and Açıkgöz, B and Başaran, TI and Kurtuluş, G and Hur, JS},
title = {Continental scale comparison of mycobiomes in Parmelia and Peltigera lichens from Turkey and South Korea.},
journal = {BMC microbiology},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {243},
pmid = {38965478},
issn = {1471-2180},
support = {NRF-2021K2A9A1A06086000//National Research Foundation of Korea/ ; 2023R1A6C101B022//Korea Basic Science Institute/ ; 221N004//Turkish Technological Research Council/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycobiome ; Republic of Korea ; Turkey ; *Lichens/microbiology/classification ; *DNA, Fungal/genetics ; Ascomycota/classification/isolation & purification/genetics ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Phylogeny ; Fungi/classification/isolation & purification/genetics ; Parmeliaceae/genetics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Lichens, traditionally considered as a simple partnership primarily between mycobiont and photobiont, are, in reality, complex holobionts comprised of a multitude of microorganisms. Lichen mycobiome represents fungal community residing within lichen thalli. While it is acknowledged that factors like the host lichen species and environmental conditions influence the structure of the lichen mycobiome, the existing research remains insufficient. To investigate which factor, host genus or location, has a greater impact on the lichen mycobiome, we conducted a comparative analysis of mycobiomes within Parmelia and Peltigera collected from both Turkey and South Korea, using high-throughput sequencing based on internal transcribed spacer region amplification.

RESULTS: Overall, the lichen mycobiome was dominated by Capnodiales (Dothideomycetes), regardless of host or location. At the order level, the taxonomic composition was not significantly different according to lichen genus host or geographical distance. Hierarchical clustering of the top 100 abundant ASVs did not clearly indicate whether the lichen mycobiome was more influenced by host genus or location. Analyses of community similarity and partitioning variables revealed that the structure of the lichen mycobiome is more significantly influenced by location than by host genus. When analyzing the core mycobiome by host genus, the Peltigera mycobiome contained more ASV members than the Parmelia mycobiome. These two core mycobiomes also share common fungal strains, including basidiomycete yeast. Additionally, we used chi-squared tests to identify host genus-specialists and location-specialists.

CONCLUSIONS: By comparing lichen mycobiomes of the same genera across different countries, our study advances our comprehension of these microbial communities. Our study elucidates that, although host species play a contributory role, geographic distance exerts a more pronounced impact on the structure of lichen mycobiome. We have made foundational contributions to understanding the lichen mycobiome occupying ecologically crucial niches. We anticipate that broader global-scale investigations into the fungal community structures will provide more detailed insights into fungal residents within lichens.},
}

*Mycobiome
Republic of Korea
Turkey
*Lichens/microbiology/classification
*DNA, Fungal/genetics
Ascomycota/classification/isolation & purification/genetics
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
Phylogeny
Fungi/classification/isolation & purification/genetics
Parmeliaceae/genetics

@article {pmid38964709,
year = {2024},
author = {Williams, CE and Fontaine, SS},
title = {Commentary: The microbial dependence continuum: Towards a comparative physiology approach to understand host reliance on microbes.},
journal = {Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {111690},
doi = {10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111690},
pmid = {38964709},
issn = {1531-4332},
abstract = {Comparative physiologists often compare physiological traits across organisms to understand the selective pressures influencing their evolution in different environments. Traditionally focused on the organisms themselves, comparative physiology has more recently incorporated studies of the microbiome-the communities of microbes living in and on animals that influence host physiology. In this commentary, we describe the utility of applying a comparative framework to study the microbiome, particularly in understanding how hosts vary in their dependence on microbial communities for physiological function, a concept we term the "microbial dependence continuum". This hypothesis suggests that hosts exist on a spectrum ranging from high to low reliance on their microbiota. Certain physiological traits may be highly dependent on microbes for proper function in some species but microbially independent in others. Comparative physiology can elucidate the selective pressures driving species along this continuum. Here, we discuss the microbial dependence continuum in detail and how comparative physiology can be useful to study it. Then, we discuss two example traits, herbivory and flight, where comparative physiology has helped reveal the selective pressures influencing host dependence on microbial communities. Lastly, we discuss useful experimental approaches for studying the microbial dependence continuum in a comparative physiology context.},
}

@article {pmid38963125,
year = {2024},
author = {Kobel, CM and Merkesvik, J and Burgos, IMT and Lai, W and Øyås, O and Pope, PB and Hvidsten, TR and Aho, VTE},
title = {Integrating host and microbiome biology using holo-omics.},
journal = {Molecular omics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1039/d4mo00017j},
pmid = {38963125},
issn = {2515-4184},
abstract = {Holo-omics is the use of omics data to study a host and its inherent microbiomes - a biological system known as a "holobiont". A microbiome that exists in such a space often encounters habitat stability and in return provides metabolic capacities that can benefit their host. Here we present an overview of beneficial host-microbiome systems and propose and discuss several methodological frameworks that can be used to investigate the intricacies of the many as yet undefined host-microbiome interactions that influence holobiont homeostasis. While this is an emerging field, we anticipate that ongoing methodological advancements will enhance the biological resolution that is necessary to improve our understanding of host-microbiome interplay to make meaningful interpretations and biotechnological applications.},
}

@article {pmid38960756,
year = {2024},
author = {Robinson, JM and Barnes, AD and Fickling, N and Costin, S and Sun, X and Breed, MF},
title = {Food webs in food webs: the micro-macro interplay of multilayered networks.},
journal = {Trends in ecology & evolution},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2024.06.006},
pmid = {38960756},
issn = {1872-8383},
abstract = {Food webs are typically defined as being macro-organism-based (e.g., plants, mammals, birds) or microbial (e.g., bacteria, fungi, viruses). However, these characterizations have limits. We propose a multilayered food web conceptual model where microbial food webs are nested within food webs composed of macro-organisms. Nesting occurs through host-microbe interactions, which influence the health and behavior of host macro-organisms, such that host microbiomes likely alter population dynamics of interacting macro-organisms and vice versa. Here, we explore the theoretical underpinnings of multilayered food webs and the implications of this new conceptual model on food web ecology. Our framework opens avenues for new empirical investigations into complex ecological networks and provides a new lens through which to view a network's response to ecosystem changes.},
}

@article {pmid38943206,
year = {2024},
author = {Larzul, C and Estellé, J and Borey, M and Blanc, F and Lemonnier, G and Billon, Y and Thiam, MG and Quinquis, B and Galleron, N and Jardet, D and Lecardonnel, J and Plaza Oñate, F and Rogel-Gaillard, C},
title = {Driving gut microbiota enterotypes through host genetics.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {116},
pmid = {38943206},
issn = {2049-2618},
support = {Enterotypig//Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement/ ; Enterotypig//Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement/ ; Enterotypig//Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement/ ; Enterotypig//Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement/ ; Enterotypig//Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement/ ; Enterotypig//Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement/ ; Enterotypig//Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement/ ; Enterotypig//Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement/ ; Enterotypig//Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement/ ; Enterotypig//Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement/ ; Enterotypig//Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement/ ; Enterotypig//Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement/ ; Enterotypig//Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement/ ; ANR-11-DPBS-0001//Agence Nationale de la Recherche/ ; ANR-11-DPBS-0001//Agence Nationale de la Recherche/ ; ANR-11-DPBS-0001//Agence Nationale de la Recherche/ ; ANR-11-DPBS-0001//Agence Nationale de la Recherche/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics ; Swine/microbiology ; *Feces/microbiology ; Bacteria/classification/genetics ; Metagenomics/methods ; Prevotella/genetics/classification ; Ruminococcus/genetics ; Treponema/genetics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Population stratification based on interindividual variability in gut microbiota composition has revealed the existence of several ecotypes named enterotypes in humans and various animal species. Enterotypes are often associated with environmental factors including diet, but knowledge of the role of host genetics remains scarce. Moreover, enterotypes harbor functionalities likely associated with varying abilities and susceptibilities of their host. Previously, we showed that under controlled conditions, 60-day-old pig populations consistently split into two enterotypes with either Prevotella and Mitsuokella (PM enterotype) or Ruminococcus and Treponema (RT enterotype) as keystone taxa. Here, our aim was to rely on pig as a model to study the influence of host genetics to assemble enterotypes, and to provide clues on enterotype functional differences and their links with growth traits.

RESULTS: We established two pig lines contrasted for abundances of the genera pairs specifying each enterotype at 60 days of age and assessed them for fecal microbiota composition and growth throughout three consecutive generations. Response to selection across three generations revealed, per line, an increase in the prevalence of the selected enterotype and in the average relative abundances of directly and indirectly selected bacterial genera. The PM enterotype was found less diverse than the RT enterotype but more efficient for piglet growth during the post-weaning period. Shotgun metagenomics revealed differentially abundant bacterial species between the two enterotypes. By using the KEGG Orthology database, we show that functions related to starch degradation and polysaccharide metabolism are enriched in the PM enterotype, whereas functions related to general nucleoside transport and peptide/nickel transport are enriched in the RT enterotype. Our results also suggest that the PM and RT enterotypes might differ in the metabolism of valine, leucin, and isoleucine, favoring their biosynthesis and degradation, respectively.

CONCLUSION: We experimentally demonstrated that enterotypes are functional ecosystems that can be selected as a whole by exerting pressure on the host genetics. We also highlight that holobionts should be considered as units of selection in breeding programs. These results pave the way for a holistic use of host genetics, microbiota diversity, and enterotype functionalities to understand holobiont shaping and adaptation. Video Abstract.},
}

Animals
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics
Swine/microbiology
*Feces/microbiology
Bacteria/classification/genetics
Metagenomics/methods
Prevotella/genetics/classification
Ruminococcus/genetics
Treponema/genetics

@article {pmid38942016,
year = {2024},
author = {Dehasque, M and Morales, HE and Díez-Del-Molino, D and Pečnerová, P and Chacón-Duque, JC and Kanellidou, F and Muller, H and Plotnikov, V and Protopopov, A and Tikhonov, A and Nikolskiy, P and Danilov, GK and Giannì, M and van der Sluis, L and Higham, T and Heintzman, PD and Oskolkov, N and Gilbert, MTP and Götherström, A and van der Valk, T and Vartanyan, S and Dalén, L},
title = {Temporal dynamics of woolly mammoth genome erosion prior to extinction.},
journal = {Cell},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2024.05.033},
pmid = {38942016},
issn = {1097-4172},
abstract = {A number of species have recently recovered from near-extinction. Although these species have avoided the immediate extinction threat, their long-term viability remains precarious due to the potential genetic consequences of population declines, which are poorly understood on a timescale beyond a few generations. Woolly mammoths (Mammuthus primigenius) became isolated on Wrangel Island around 10,000 years ago and persisted for over 200 generations before becoming extinct around 4,000 years ago. To study the evolutionary processes leading up to the mammoths' extinction, we analyzed 21 Siberian woolly mammoth genomes. Our results show that the population recovered quickly from a severe bottleneck and remained demographically stable during the ensuing six millennia. We find that mildly deleterious mutations gradually accumulated, whereas highly deleterious mutations were purged, suggesting ongoing inbreeding depression that lasted for hundreds of generations. The time-lag between demographic and genetic recovery has wide-ranging implications for conservation management of recently bottlenecked populations.},
}

@article {pmid38930599,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, Y and Wu, H and Shu, Y and Hua, Y and Fu, P},
title = {Symbiodiniaceae and Ruegeria sp. Co-Cultivation to Enhance Nutrient Exchanges in Coral Holobiont.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms12061217},
pmid = {38930599},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {The symbiotic relationship between corals and their associated microorganisms is crucial for the health of coral reef eco-environmental systems. Recently, there has been a growing interest in unraveling how the manipulation of symbiont nutrient cycling affects the stress tolerance in the holobiont of coral reefs. However, most studies have primarily focused on coral-Symbiodiniaceae-bacterial interactions as a whole, neglecting the interactions between Symbiodiniaceae and bacteria, which remain largely unexplored. In this study, we proposed a hypothesis that there exists an inner symbiotic loop of Symbiodiniaceae and bacteria within the coral symbiotic loop. We conducted experiments to demonstrate how metabolic exchanges between Symbiodiniaceae and bacteria facilitate the nutritional supply necessary for cellular growth. It was seen that the beneficial bacterium, Ruegeria sp., supplied a nitrogen source to the Symbiodiniaceae strain Durusdinium sp., allowing this dinoflagellate to thrive in a nitrogen-free medium. The Ruegeria sp.-Durusdinium sp. interaction was confirmed through [15]N-stable isotope probing-single cell Raman spectroscopy, in which [15]N infiltrated into the bacterial cells for intracellular metabolism, and eventually the labeled nitrogen source was traced within the macromolecules of Symbiodiniaceae cells. The investigation into Symbiodiniaceae loop interactions validates our hypothesis and contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the intricate coral holobiont. These findings have the potential to enhance the health of coral reefs in the face of global climate change.},
}

@article {pmid38930577,
year = {2024},
author = {Hernández-Zulueta, J and Rubio-Bueno, S and Zamora-Tavares, MDP and Vargas-Ponce, O and Rodríguez-Troncoso, AP and Rodríguez-Zaragoza, FA},
title = {Metabarcoding the Bacterial Assemblages Associated with Toxopneustes roseus in the Mexican Central Pacific.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms12061195},
pmid = {38930577},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {The Mexican Central Pacific (MCP) region has discontinuous coral ecosystems with different protection and anthropogenic disturbance. Characterizing the bacterial assemblage associated with the sea urchin Toxopneustes roseus and its relationship with environmental variables will contribute to understanding the species' physiology and ecology. We collected sea urchins from coral ecosystems at six sites in the MCP during the summer and winter for two consecutive years. The spatial scale represented the most important variation in the T. roseus bacteriome, particularly because of Isla Isabel National Park (PNII). Likewise, spatial differences correlated with habitat structure variables, mainly the sponge and live coral cover. The PNII exhibited highly diverse bacterial assemblages compared to other sites, characterized by families associated with diseases and environmental stress (Saprospiraceae, Flammeovirgaceae, and Xanthobacteraceae). The remaining five sites presented a constant spatiotemporal pattern, where the predominance of the Campylobacteraceae and Helicobacteraceae families was key to T. roseus' holobiont. However, the dominance of certain bacterial families, such as Enterobacteriaceae, in the second analyzed year suggests that Punto B and Islas e islotes de Bahía Chamela Sanctuary were exposed to sewage contamination. Overall, our results improve the understanding of host-associated bacterial assemblages in specific time and space and their relationship with the environmental condition.},
}

@article {pmid38923181,
year = {2024},
author = {Bogale, AT and Braun, M and Bernhardt, J and Zühlke, D and Schiefelbein, U and Bog, M and Scheidegger, C and Zengerer, V and Becher, D and Grube, M and Riedel, K and Bengtsson, MM},
title = {The microbiome of the lichen Lobaria pulmonaria varies according to climate on a subcontinental scale.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology reports},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {e13289},
doi = {10.1111/1758-2229.13289},
pmid = {38923181},
issn = {1758-2229},
support = {//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; },
mesh = {*Lichens/microbiology/physiology ; *Microbiota ; *Climate ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; Symbiosis ; Fungi/classification/genetics/isolation & purification/physiology ; Seasons ; Genotype ; },
abstract = {The Lobaria pulmonaria holobiont comprises algal, fungal, cyanobacterial and bacterial components. We investigated L. pulmonaria's bacterial microbiome in the adaptation of this ecologically sensitive lichen species to diverse climatic conditions. Our central hypothesis posited that microbiome composition and functionality aligns with subcontinental-scale (a stretch of ~1100 km) climatic parameters related to temperature and precipitation. We also tested the impact of short-term weather dynamics, sampling season and algal/fungal genotypes on microbiome variation. Metaproteomics provided insights into compositional and functional changes within the microbiome. Climatic variables explained 41.64% of microbiome variation, surpassing the combined influence of local weather and sampling season at 31.63%. Notably, annual mean temperature and temperature seasonality emerged as significant climatic drivers. Microbiome composition correlated with algal, not fungal genotype, suggesting similar environmental recruitment for the algal partner and microbiome. Differential abundance analyses revealed distinct protein compositions in Sub-Atlantic Lowland and Alpine regions, indicating differential microbiome responses to contrasting environmental/climatic conditions. Proteins involved in oxidative and cellular stress were notably different. Our findings highlight microbiome plasticity in adapting to stable climates, with limited responsiveness to short-term fluctuations, offering new insights into climate adaptation in lichen symbiosis.},
}

*Lichens/microbiology/physiology
*Microbiota
*Climate
Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification
Symbiosis
Fungi/classification/genetics/isolation & purification/physiology
Seasons
Genotype

@article {pmid38903121,
year = {2024},
author = {Bougiouri, K and Charlton, S and Harris, A and Carmagnini, A and Piličiauskienė, G and Feuerborn, TR and Scarsbrook, L and Tabadda, K and Blaževičius, P and Parker, HG and Gopalakrishnan, S and Larson, G and Ostrander, EA and Irving-Pease, EK and Frantz, LAF and Racimo, F},
title = {Imputation of ancient canid genomes reveals inbreeding history over the past 10,000 years.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38903121},
support = {/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; },
abstract = {The multi-millenia long history between dogs and humans has justly placed them at the forefront of archeological and genomic research. Despite ongoing efforts including the analysis of ancient dog and wolf genomes, many questions remain regarding their geographic and temporal origins, and the microevolutionary processes that led to the huge diversity of breeds today. Although ancient genomes provide valuable information, their use is significantly hindered by low depth of coverage and post-mortem damage, which often inhibits confident genotype calling. In the present study, we assess how genotype imputation of ancient dog and wolf genomes, utilising a large reference panel, can improve the resolution afforded by ancient genomic datasets. Imputation accuracy was evaluated by down-sampling 10 high coverage ancient and modern dog and wolf genomes to 0.05-2x coverage and comparing concordance between imputed and high coverage genotypes. We also measured the impact of imputation on principal component analyses (PCA) and runs of homozygosity (ROH). Our findings show high (R[2] > 0.9) imputation accuracy for dogs with coverage as low as 0.5x and for wolves as low as 1.0x. We then imputed a worldwide dataset of 81 published ancient dog and wolf genomes, in addition to nine newly sequenced medieval and early modern period European dogs, to assess changes in inbreeding during the last 10,000 years of dog evolution. Ancient dog and wolf populations generally exhibited lower inbreeding levels than present-day individuals, though with some exceptions occurring in ancient Arctic and European dogs. Interestingly, regions with low ROH density maintained across ancient and present-day samples were significantly associated with genes related to olfaction and immune response. Our study indicates that imputing ancient canine genomes is a viable strategy that allows for the use of analytical methods previously limited to high-quality genetic data.},
}

@article {pmid38918405,
year = {2024},
author = {Paës, C and Beaumont, M and Gidenne, T and Bébin, K and Duperray, J and Gohier, C and Guené-Grand, E and Rebours, G and Castinel, A and Barilly, C and Gabinaud, B and Bannelier, C and Gress, L and Laperruque, F and Aymard, P and Debrusse, AM and Cauquil, L and Pascal, G and Combes, S},
title = {A multi-omics dataset of the response to early plant polysaccharide ingestion in rabbits.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {684},
pmid = {38918405},
issn = {2052-4463},
mesh = {Animals ; Rabbits ; *Polysaccharides ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Transcriptome ; Cecum ; Weaning ; Metabolome ; Multiomics ; },
abstract = {The transition from a milk-based diet to exclusive solid feeding deeply modifies microbiota-host crosstalk. Specifically, early ingestion of plant polysaccharides would be one of the main nutritional components to drive host-microbiota-interaction. To capture the effects of polysaccharides early-life nutrition (starch vs rapidly fermentable fiber) on the holobiont development, we investigated on the one hand the gut bacteriome and metabolome and on the other hand the transcriptome of two host gut tissues. Rabbit model was used to study post-natal co-development of the gut microbiota and its host around weaning transition. The assessment of the microbial composition of the gut appendix together with the caecum was provided for the first time. Gene expression signatures were analyzed along the gut (ileum and caecum) through high-throughput qPCR. The data collected were completed by the analysis of animal growth changes and time-series assessment of blood biomarkers. Those accessible and reusable data could help highlight the gut development dynamics as well as biological adaptation processes at the onset of solid feeding.},
}

Animals
Rabbits
*Polysaccharides
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Transcriptome
Cecum
Weaning
Metabolome
Multiomics

@article {pmid38905343,
year = {2024},
author = {Buschi, E and Dell'Anno, A and Tangherlini, M and Candela, M and Rampelli, S and Turroni, S and Palladino, G and Esposito, E and Martire, ML and Musco, L and Stefanni, S and Munari, C and Fiori, J and Danovaro, R and Corinaldesi, C},
title = {Resistance to freezing conditions of endemic Antarctic polychaetes is enhanced by cryoprotective proteins produced by their microbiome.},
journal = {Science advances},
volume = {10},
number = {25},
pages = {eadk9117},
doi = {10.1126/sciadv.adk9117},
pmid = {38905343},
issn = {2375-2548},
mesh = {*Polychaeta/microbiology ; Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; *Microbiota ; *Freezing ; Phylogeny ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; },
abstract = {The microbiome plays a key role in the health of all metazoans. Whether and how the microbiome favors the adaptation processes of organisms to extreme conditions, such as those of Antarctica, which are incompatible with most metazoans, is still unknown. We investigated the microbiome of three endemic and widespread species of Antarctic polychaetes: Leitoscoloplos geminus, Aphelochaeta palmeri, and Aglaophamus trissophyllus. We report here that these invertebrates contain a stable bacterial core dominated by Meiothermus and Anoxybacillus, equipped with a versatile genetic makeup and a unique portfolio of proteins useful for coping with extremely cold conditions as revealed by pangenomic and metaproteomic analyses. The close phylosymbiosis between Meiothermus and Anoxybacillus and these Antarctic polychaetes indicates a connection with their hosts that started in the past to support holobiont adaptation to the Antarctic Ocean. The wide suite of bacterial cryoprotective proteins found in Antarctic polychaetes may be useful for the development of nature-based biotechnological applications.},
}

*Polychaeta/microbiology
Animals
Antarctic Regions
*Microbiota
*Freezing
Phylogeny
Bacterial Proteins/metabolism/genetics

@article {pmid38892721,
year = {2024},
author = {Mafra, D and Borges, NA and Baptista, BG and Martins, LF and Borland, G and Shiels, PG and Stenvinkel, P},
title = {What Can the Gut Microbiota of Animals Teach Us about the Relationship between Nutrition and Burden of Lifestyle Diseases?.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {16},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {38892721},
issn = {2072-6643},
mesh = {Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Humans ; Life Style ; Nutritional Status ; Chronic Disease ; },
abstract = {The gut microbiota performs several crucial roles in a holobiont with its host, including immune regulation, nutrient absorption, synthesis, and defense against external pathogens, significantly influencing host physiology. Disruption of the gut microbiota has been linked to various chronic conditions, including cardiovascular, kidney, liver, respiratory, and intestinal diseases. Studying how animals adapt their gut microbiota across their life course at different life stages and under the dynamics of extreme environmental conditions can provide valuable insights from the natural world into how the microbiota modulates host biology, with a view to translating these into treatments or preventative measures for human diseases. By modulating the gut microbiota, opportunities to address many complications associated with chronic diseases appear. Such a biomimetic approach holds promise for exploring new strategies in healthcare and disease management.},
}

Animals
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
Humans
Life Style
Nutritional Status
Chronic Disease

@article {pmid38892420,
year = {2024},
author = {Qadri, QR and Lai, X and Zhao, W and Zhang, Z and Zhao, Q and Ma, P and Pan, Y and Wang, Q},
title = {Exploring the Interplay between the Hologenome and Complex Traits in Bovine and Porcine Animals Using Genome-Wide Association Analysis.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {38892420},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {2021C02068-1//Zhejiang Science and Technology Major Program on Agricultural New Variety Breeding/ ; 2021YFD1200802//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; U21A20249//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Genome-Wide Association Study ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Cattle/genetics ; Swine/genetics ; *Quantitative Trait Loci ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics ; Rumen/microbiology/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Methane/metabolism ; Milk/metabolism ; Genome ; },
abstract = {Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) significantly enhance our ability to identify trait-associated genomic variants by considering the host genome. Moreover, the hologenome refers to the host organism's collective genetic material and its associated microbiome. In this study, we utilized the hologenome framework, called Hologenome-wide association studies (HWAS), to dissect the architecture of complex traits, including milk yield, methane emissions, rumen physiology in cattle, and gut microbial composition in pigs. We employed four statistical models: (1) GWAS, (2) Microbial GWAS (M-GWAS), (3) HWAS-CG (hologenome interaction estimated using COvariance between Random Effects Genome-based restricted maximum likelihood (CORE-GREML)), and (4) HWAS-H (hologenome interaction estimated using the Hadamard product method). We applied Bonferroni correction to interpret the significant associations in the complex traits. The GWAS and M-GWAS detected one and sixteen significant SNPs for milk yield traits, respectively, whereas the HWAS-CG and HWAS-H each identified eight SNPs. Moreover, HWAS-CG revealed four, and the remaining models identified three SNPs each for methane emissions traits. The GWAS and HWAS-CG detected one and three SNPs for rumen physiology traits, respectively. For the pigs' gut microbial composition traits, the GWAS, M-GWAS, HWAS-CG, and HWAS-H identified 14, 16, 13, and 12 SNPs, respectively. We further explored these associations through SNP annotation and by analyzing biological processes and functional pathways. Additionally, we integrated our GWA results with expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) data using transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) and summary-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) methods for a more comprehensive understanding of SNP-trait associations. Our study revealed hologenomic variability in agriculturally important traits, enhancing our understanding of host-microbiome interactions.},
}

Animals
*Genome-Wide Association Study
*Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Cattle/genetics
Swine/genetics
*Quantitative Trait Loci
Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics
Rumen/microbiology/metabolism
Phenotype
Methane/metabolism
Milk/metabolism
Genome

@article {pmid38891668,
year = {2024},
author = {Recchia, M and Ghidini, S and Romeo, C and Scali, F and Maisano, AM and Guadagno, F and De Luca, S and Ianieri, A and Alborali, GL},
title = {An Integrated Analysis of Abattoir Lung Lesion Scores and Antimicrobial Use in Italian Heavy Pig Finishing Farms.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {14},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {38891668},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {CLASSYFARM project (CUP: E55F21002890001)//Italian Ministry of Health/ ; },
abstract = {Respiratory diseases significantly affect intensive pig finishing farms, causing production losses and increased antimicrobial use (AMU). Lesion scoring at slaughter has been recognized as a beneficial practice to evaluate herd management. The integrated analysis of abattoir lesion scores and AMU data could improve decision-making by providing feedback to veterinarians and farmers on the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatments, thus rationalizing their use. This study compared lung and pleural lesion scores collected at Italian pig slaughterhouses with on-farm AMU, estimated through a treatment index per 100 days (TI100). Overall, 24,752 pig carcasses, belonging to 236 batches from 113 finishing farms, were inspected. Bronchopneumonia and chronic pleuritis were detected in 55% and 48% of the examined pigs, respectively. Antimicrobials were administered in 97% of the farms during the six months prior to slaughter (median TI100 = 5.2), notwithstanding compliance with the mandatory withdrawal period. EMA category B (critical) antimicrobials were administered in 15.2% of cases (median TI100 = 0.06). The lung score was not associated with the total AMU, but significant, positive associations were found with the past use of critical antimicrobials (p = 0.041) and macrolides (p = 0.044). This result highlights the potential of abattoir lung lesion monitoring to rationalize antimicrobial stewardship efforts, contributing to AMU reduction.},
}

@article {pmid38886248,
year = {2024},
author = {Bartels, N and Matthews, JL and Lawson, CA and Possell, M and Hughes, DJ and Raina, JB and Suggett, DJ},
title = {Paired metabolomics and volatilomics provides insight into transient high light stress response mechanisms of the coral Montipora mollis.},
journal = {Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society},
volume = {20},
number = {4},
pages = {66},
pmid = {38886248},
issn = {1573-3890},
mesh = {Animals ; *Anthozoa/metabolism ; *Metabolomics/methods ; *Light ; *Stress, Physiological ; Volatile Organic Compounds/metabolism/analysis ; Photosystem II Protein Complex/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The coral holobiont is underpinned by complex metabolic exchanges between different symbiotic partners, which are impacted by environmental stressors. The chemical diversity of the compounds produced by the holobiont is high and includes primary and secondary metabolites, as well as volatiles. However, metabolites and volatiles have only been characterised in isolation so far. Here, we applied a paired metabolomic-volatilomic approach to characterise holistically the chemical response of the holobiont under stress. Montipora mollis fragments were subjected to high-light stress (8-fold higher than the controls) for 30 min. Photosystem II (PSII) photochemical efficiency values were 7-fold higher in control versus treatment corals immediately following high-light exposure, but returned to pre-stress levels after 30 min of recovery. Under high-light stress, we identified an increase in carbohydrates (> 5-fold increase in arabinose and fructose) and saturated fatty acids (7-fold increase in myristic and oleic acid), together with a decrease in fatty acid derivatives in both metabolites and volatiles (e.g., 80% decrease in oleamide and nonanal), and other antioxidants (~ 85% decrease in sorbitol and galactitol). These changes suggest short-term light stress induces oxidative stress. Correlation analysis between volatiles and metabolites identified positive links between sorbitol, galactitol, six other metabolites and 11 volatiles, with four of these compounds previously identified as antioxidants. This suggests that these 19 compounds may be related and share similar functions. Taken together, our findings demonstrate how paired metabolomics-volatilomics may illuminate broader metabolic shifts occurring under stress and identify linkages between uncharacterised compounds to putatively determine their functions.},
}

Animals
*Anthozoa/metabolism
*Metabolomics/methods
*Light
*Stress, Physiological
Volatile Organic Compounds/metabolism/analysis
Photosystem II Protein Complex/metabolism

@article {pmid38884497,
year = {2024},
author = {Han, S and Akhtar, MR and Xia, X},
title = {Functions and regulations of insect gut bacteria.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.8261},
pmid = {38884497},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {31871968//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; MIMCP-202302//Open Project of Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Monitoring and Control/ ; KFB23024A//Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/ ; },
abstract = {The insect gut is a complicated ecosystem that inhabits a large number of symbiotic bacteria. As an important organ of the host insect, the symbiotic bacteria of the insect gut play very important roles in regulating physiological and metabolic processes. Recently, much progress has been made in the study of symbiotic bacteria in insect guts with the development of high-throughput sequencing technology and molecular biology. This review summarizes the primary functions of symbiotic bacteria in insect guts, such as enhancing insecticide resistance, facilitating food digestion, promoting detoxification, and regulating mating behavior and egg hatching. It also addresses some possible pathways of gut bacteria symbiont regulation governed by external habitats, physiological conditions and immunity of the host insect. This review provides solid foundations for further studies on novel theories, new technologies and practical applications of symbiotic bacteria in insect guts. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}

@article {pmid38879040,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, L and Vaccari, F and Bandini, F and Puglisi, E and Trevisan, M and Lucini, L},
title = {The short-term effect of microplastics in lettuce involves size- and dose-dependent coordinate shaping of root metabolome, exudation profile and rhizomicrobiome.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {174001},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174001},
pmid = {38879040},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) in the soil can impact the microbial diversity within rhizospheres and induce modifications in plants' morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters. However, a significant knowledge gap still needs to be addressed regarding the specific effects of varying particle sizes and concentrations on the comprehensive interplay among soil dynamics, root exudation, and the overall plant system. In this sense, different omics techniques were employed to clarify the mechanisms of the action exerted by four different particle sizes of polyethylene plastics considering four different concentrations on the soil-roots exudates-plant system was studied using lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata) as a model plant. The impact of MNPs was investigated using a multi-omics integrated approach, focusing on the tripartite interaction between the root metabolic process, exudation pattern, and rhizosphere microbial modulation. Our results showed that particle size and their concentrations significantly modulated the soil-roots exudates-plant system. Untargeted metabolomics highlighted that fatty acids, amino acids, and hormone biosynthesis pathways were significantly affected by MNPs. Additionally, they were associated with the reduction of rhizosphere bacterial α-diversity, following a size-dependent trend for specific taxa. The omics data integration highlighted a correlation between Pseudomonadata and Actinomycetota phyla and Bacillaceae family (Peribacillus simplex) and the exudation of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and lignans in lettuce exposed to increasing sizes of MNPs. This study provides a novel insight into the potential effects of different particle sizes and concentrations of MNPs on the soil-plant continuum, providing evidence about size- and concentration-dependent effects, suggesting the need for further investigation focused on medium- to long-term exposure.},
}

@article {pmid38864655,
year = {2024},
author = {McCaw, BA and Leonard, AM and Stevenson, TJ and Lancaster, LT},
title = {A role of epigenetic mechanisms in regulating female reproductive responses to temperature in a pest beetle.},
journal = {Insect molecular biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/imb.12933},
pmid = {38864655},
issn = {1365-2583},
support = {BB/M010996/1//UKRI Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)/ ; //University of Aberdeen/ ; },
abstract = {Many species are threatened by climate change and must rapidly respond to survive in changing environments. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, can facilitate plastic responses by regulating gene expression in response to environmental cues. Understanding epigenetic responses is therefore essential for predicting species' ability to rapidly adapt in the context of global environmental change. Here, we investigated the functional significance of different methylation-associated cellular processes on temperature-dependent life history in seed beetles, Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius 1775 (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). We assessed changes under thermal stress in (1) DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt1 and Dnmt2) expression levels, (2) genome-wide methylation and (3) reproductive performance, with (2) and (3) following treatment with 3-aminobenzamide (3AB) and zebularine (Zeb) over two generations. These drugs are well-documented to alter DNA methylation across the tree of life. We found that Dnmt1 and Dnmt2 were expressed throughout the body in males and females, but were highly expressed in females compared with males and exhibited temperature dependence. However, whole-genome methylation did not significantly vary with temperature, and only marginally or inconclusively with drug treatment. Both 3AB and Zeb led to profound temperature-dependent shifts in female reproductive life history trade-off allocation, often increasing fitness compared with control beetles. Mismatch between magnitude of treatment effects on DNA methylation versus life history effects suggest potential of 3AB and Zeb to alter reproductive trade-offs via changes in DNA repair and recycling processes, rather than or in addition to (subtle) changes in DNA methylation. Together, our results suggest that epigenetic mechanisms relating to Dnmt expression, DNA repair and recycling pathways, and possibly DNA methylation, are strongly implicated in modulating insect life history trade-offs in response to temperature change.},
}

@article {pmid38858806,
year = {2024},
author = {Brüssow, F and Bruessow, F and Brüssow, H},
title = {The role of the plant microbiome for forestry, agriculture and urban greenspace in times of environmental change.},
journal = {Microbial biotechnology},
volume = {17},
number = {6},
pages = {e14482},
doi = {10.1111/1751-7915.14482},
pmid = {38858806},
issn = {1751-7915},
abstract = {This Lilliput article provides a literature overview on ecological effects of the plant microbiome with a focus on practical application in forestry, agriculture and urban greenspace under the spectre of climate change. After an overview of the mostly bacterial microbiome of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, worldwide data from forests reveal ecological differentiation with respect to major guilds of predominantly fungal plant root symbionts. The plant-microbiome association forms a new holobiont, an integrated unit for ecological adaptation and evolutionary selection. Researchers explored the impact of the microbiome on the capacity of plants to adapt to changing climate conditions. They investigated the impact of the microbiome in reforestation programs, after wildfire, drought, salination and pollution events in forestry, grasslands and agriculture. With increasing temperatures plant populations migrate to higher latitudes and higher altitudes. Ecological studies compared the dispersal capacity of plant seeds with that of soil microbes and the response of soil and root microbes to experimental heating of soils. These studies described a succession of microbiome associations and the kinetics of a release of stored soil carbon into the atmosphere enhancing global warming. Scientists explored the impact of synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) on rice productivity or tea quality; of whole soil addition in grassland restoration; or single fungal inoculation in maize fields. Meta-analyses of fungal inoculation showed overall a positive effect, but also a wide variation in effect sizes. Climate change will be particularly prominent in urban areas ("urban heat islands") where more than half of the world population is living. Urban landscape architecture will thus have an important impact on human health and studies started to explore the contribution of the microbiome from urban greenspace to ecosystem services.},
}

@article {pmid38857541,
year = {2024},
author = {Spooren, J and van Bentum, S and Thomashow, LS and Pieterse, CMJ and Weller, DM and Berendsen, RL},
title = {Plant-Driven Assembly of Disease-Suppressive Soil Microbiomes.},
journal = {Annual review of phytopathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-phyto-021622-100127},
pmid = {38857541},
issn = {1545-2107},
abstract = {Plants have coevolved together with the microbes that surround them and this assemblage of host and microbes functions as a discrete ecological unit called a holobiont. This review outlines plant-driven assembly of disease-suppressive microbiomes. Plants are colonized by microbes from seed, soil, and air but selectively shape the microbiome with root exudates, creating microenvironment hot spots where microbes thrive. Using plant immunity for gatekeeping and surveillance, host-plant genetic properties govern microbiome assembly and can confer adaptive advantages to the holobiont. These advantages manifest in disease-suppressive soils, where buildup of specific microbes inhibits the causal agent of disease, that typically develop after an initial disease outbreak. Based on disease-suppressive soils such as take-all decline, we developed a conceptual model of how plants in response to pathogen attack cry for help and recruit plant-protective microbes that confer increased resistance. Thereby, plants create a soilborne legacy that protects subsequent generations and forms disease-suppressive soils.},
}

@article {pmid38851755,
year = {2024},
author = {Paix, B and van der Valk, E and de Voogd, NJ},
title = {Dynamics, diversity, and roles of bacterial transmission modes during the first asexual life stages of the freshwater sponge Spongilla lacustris.},
journal = {Environmental microbiome},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {37},
pmid = {38851755},
issn = {2524-6372},
support = {16.161.301//Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Sponge-associated bacteria play important roles in the physiology of their host, whose recruitment processes are crucial to maintain symbiotic associations. However, the acquisition of bacterial communities within freshwater sponges is still under explored. Spongilla lacustris is a model sponge widely distributed in European rivers and lakes, producing dormant cysts (named gemmules) for their asexual reproduction, before winter. Through an in vitro experiment, this study aims to describe the dynamics of bacterial communities and their transmission modes following the hatching of these gemmules.

RESULTS: An overall change of bacterial β-diversity was observed through the ontology of the juvenile sponges. These temporal differences were potentially linked, first to the osculum acquisition and the development of a canal system, and then, the increasing colonization of the Chlorella-like photosymbionts. Gemmules hatching with a sterilized surface were found to have a more dispersed and less diverse microbiome, revealing the importance of gemmule epibacteria for the whole holobiont stability. These epibacteria were suggested to be vertically transmitted from the maternal tissues to the gemmule surface. Vertical transmission through the incorporation of bacterial communities inside of the gemmule, was also found as a dominant transmission mode, especially with the nitrogen fixers Terasakiellaceae. Finally, we showed that almost no ASVs were shared between the free-living community and the juveniles, suggesting that horizontal recruitment is unlikely to happen during the first stages of development. However, the free-living bacteria filtered are probably used as a source of nutrients, allowing an enrichment of copiotrophic bacteria already present within its microbiome.

CONCLUSIONS: This study brings new insight for a better understanding of the microbiome acquisition during the first stages of freshwater sponge development. We showed the importance of epibacterial communities on gemmules for the whole holobiont stability, and demonstrated the near absence of recruitment of free-living bacteria during the first stages.},
}

@article {pmid38846022,
year = {2024},
author = {Yakovleva, E and Danilova, I and Maximova, I and Shabaev, A and Dmitrieva, A and Belov, A and Klyukina, A and Perfilieva, K and Bonch-Osmolovskaya, E and Markov, A},
title = {Salt concentration in substrate modulates the composition of bacterial and yeast microbiomes of Drosophila melanogaster.},
journal = {Microbiome research reports},
volume = {3},
number = {2},
pages = {19},
pmid = {38846022},
issn = {2771-5965},
abstract = {Aim: Microbiomes influence the physiology and behavior of multicellular organisms and contribute to their adaptation to changing environmental conditions. However, yeast and bacterial microbiota have usually been studied separately; therefore, the interaction between bacterial and yeast communities in the gut of Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster) is often overlooked. In this study, we investigate the correlation between bacterial and yeast communities in the gut of D. melanogaster. Methods: We studied the shifts in the joint microbiome of Drosophila melanogaster, encompassing both yeasts and bacteria, during adaptation to substrate with varying salt concentrations (0%, 2%, 4%, and 7%) using plating for both yeasts and bacteria and NGS-sequencing of variable 16S rRNA gene regions for bacteria. Results: The microbiome of flies and their substrates was gradually altered at moderate NaCl concentrations (2% and 4% compared with the 0% control) and completely transformed at high salt concentrations (7%). The relative abundance of Acetobacter, potentially beneficial to D. melanogaster, decreased as NaCl concentration increased, whereas the relative abundance of the more halotolerant lactobacilli first increased, peaking at 4% NaCl, and then declined dramatically at 7%. At this salinity level, potentially pathogenic bacteria of the genera Leuconostoc and Providencia were dominant. The yeast microbiome of D. melanogaster also undergoes significant changes with an increase in salt concentration in the substrate. The total yeast abundance undergoes nonlinear changes: it is lowest at 0% salt concentration and highest at 2%-4%. At a 7% concentration, the yeast abundance in flies and their substrate is lower than at 2%-4% but significantly higher than at 0%. Conclusions: The abundance and diversity of bacteria that are potentially beneficial to the flies decreased, while the proportion of potential pathogens, Leuconostoc and Providencia, increased with an increase in salt concentration in the substrate. In samples with a relatively high abundance and/or diversity of yeasts, the corresponding indicators for bacteria were often lowered, and vice versa. This may be due to the greater halotolerance of yeasts compared to bacteria and may also indicate antagonism between these groups of microorganisms.},
}

@article {pmid38839511,
year = {2024},
author = {Pepke, ML and Hansen, SB and Limborg, MT},
title = {Unraveling host regulation of gut microbiota through the epigenome-microbiome axis.},
journal = {Trends in microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tim.2024.05.006},
pmid = {38839511},
issn = {1878-4380},
abstract = {Recent studies of dynamic interactions between epigenetic modifications of a host organism and the composition or activity of its associated gut microbiota suggest an opportunity for the host to shape its microbiome through epigenetic alterations that lead to changes in gene expression and noncoding RNA activity. We use insights from microbiota-induced epigenetic changes to review the potential of the host to epigenetically regulate its gut microbiome, from which a bidirectional 'epigenome-microbiome axis' emerges. This axis embeds environmentally induced variation, which may influence the adaptive evolution of host-microbe interactions. We furthermore present our perspective on how the epigenome-microbiome axis can be understood and investigated within a holo-omic framework with potential applications in the applied health and food sciences.},
}

@article {pmid38830414,
year = {2024},
author = {Koll, R and Theilen, J and Hauten, E and Woodhouse, JN and Thiel, R and Möllmann, C and Fabrizius, A},
title = {Network-based integration of omics, physiological and environmental data in real-world Elbe estuarine Zander.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {173656},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173656},
pmid = {38830414},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Coastal and estuarine environments are under endogenic and exogenic pressures jeopardizing survival and diversity of inhabiting biota. Information of possible synergistic effects of multiple (a)biotic stressors and holobiont interaction are largely missing in estuaries like the Elbe but are of importance to estimate unforeseen effects on animals' physiology. Here, we seek to leverage host-transcriptional RNA-seq and gill mucus microbial 16S rRNA metabarcoding data coupled with physiological and abiotic measurements in a network analysis approach to decipher the impact of multiple stressors on the health of juvenile Sander lucioperca along one of the largest European estuaries. We find mesohaline areas characterized by gill tissue specific transcriptional responses matching osmosensing and tissue remodeling. Liver transcriptomes instead emphasized that zander from highly turbid areas were undergoing starvation which was supported by compromised body condition. Potential pathogenic bacteria, including Shewanella, Acinetobacter, Aeromonas and Chryseobacterium, dominated the gill microbiome along the freshwater transition and oxygen minimum zone. Their occurrence coincided with a strong adaptive and innate transcriptional immune response in host gill and enhanced energy demand in liver tissue supporting their potential pathogenicity. Taken together, we show physiological responses of a fish species and its microbiome to abiotic factors whose impact is expected to increase with consequences of climate change. We further present a method for the close-meshed detection of the main stressors and bacterial species with disease potential in a highly productive ecosystem.},
}

@article {pmid38825980,
year = {2024},
author = {Hernández, M and Ancona, S and Hereira-Pacheco, S and Díaz de la Vega-Pérez, AH and Alberdi, A and Navarro-Noya, YE},
title = {Seasonal dietary changes relate to gut microbiota composition depending on the host species but do not correlate with gut microbiota diversity in arthropod-eating lizards.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e17426},
doi = {10.1111/mec.17426},
pmid = {38825980},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {205945//Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)/ ; 883//Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)/ ; 967648//Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)/ ; CF-2019-137748//Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)/ ; },
abstract = {The animal gut microbiota is strongly influenced by environmental factors that shape their temporal dynamics. Although diet is recognized as a major driver of gut microbiota variation, dietary patterns have seldom been linked to gut microbiota dynamics in wild animals. Here, we analysed the gut microbiota variation between dry and rainy seasons across four Sceloporus species (S. aeneus, S. bicanthalis, S. grammicus and S. spinosus) from central Mexico in light of temporal changes in diet composition. The lizard microbiota was dominated by Firmicutes (now Bacillota) and Bacteroidota, and the closely related species S. aeneus and S. bicanthalis shared a great number of core bacterial taxa. We report species-specific seasonal changes in gut microbiota diversity and composition: greater alpha diversity during the dry compared to the rainy season in S. bicanthalis, the opposite pattern in S. aeneus, and no seasonal differences in S. grammicus and S. spinosus. Our findings indicated a positive association between gut bacterial composition and dietary composition for S. bicanthalis and S. grammicus, but bacterial diversity did not increase linearly with dietary richness in any lizard species. In addition, seasonality affected bacterial composition, and microbial community similarity increased between S. aeneus and S. bicanthalis, as well as between S. grammicus and S. spinosus. Together, our results illustrate that seasonal variation and dietary composition play a role in shaping gut microbiota in lizard populations, but this is not a rule and other ecological factors influence microbiota variation.},
}

@article {pmid38825966,
year = {2024},
author = {Herlemann, DPR and Tammert, H and Kivistik, C and Käiro, K and Kisand, V},
title = {Distinct biogeographical patterns in snail gastrointestinal tract bacterial communities compared with sediment and water.},
journal = {MicrobiologyOpen},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {e13},
doi = {10.1002/mbo3.1413},
pmid = {38825966},
issn = {2045-8827},
support = {MOBTT24//Eesti Teadusagentuur/ ; PUT1389//Eesti Teadusagentuur/ ; Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemü//Leibniz-Institut für Ostseeforschung Warnemünde/ ; Shallow Water Processes and Transitions//Leibniz-Institut für Ostseeforschung Warnemünde/ ; MOBTT24//European Regional Development Fund/ ; P190250PKKH//Eesti Maaülikool/ ; P200028PKKH//Eesti Maaülikool/ ; },
mesh = {*Geologic Sediments/microbiology ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology ; Animals ; *Snails/microbiology ; Germany ; Denmark ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics ; Water Microbiology ; Biodiversity ; Estonia ; Phylogeny ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; },
abstract = {The factors that influence the distribution of bacterial community composition are not well understood. The role of geographical patterns, which suggest limited dispersal, is still a topic of debate. Bacteria associated with hosts face unique dispersal challenges as they often rely on their hosts, which provide specific environments for their symbionts. In this study, we examined the effect of biogeographic distances on the bacterial diversity and composition of bacterial communities in the gastrointestinal tract of Ampullaceana balthica. We compared the effects on the host-associated bacterial community to those on bacterial communities in water and sediment. This comparison was made using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. We found that the bacterial communities we sampled in Estonia, Denmark, and Northern Germany varied between water, sediment, and the gastrointestinal tract. They also varied between countries within each substrate. This indicates that the type of substrate is a dominant factor in determining bacterial community composition. We separately analyzed the turnover rates of water, sediment, and gastrointestinal bacterial communities over increasing geographic distances. We observed that the turnover rate was lower for gastrointestinal bacterial communities compared to water bacterial communities. This implies that the composition of gastrointestinal bacteria remains relatively stable over distances, while water bacterial communities exhibit greater variability. However, the gastrointestinal tract had the lowest percentage of country-specific amplicon sequence variants, suggesting bacterial colonization from local bacterial communities. Since the overlap between the water and gastrointestinal tract was highest, it appears that the gastrointestinal bacterial community is colonized by the water bacterial community. Our study confirmed that biogeographical patterns in host-associated communities differ from those in water and sediment bacterial communities. These host-associated communities consist of numerous facultative symbionts derived from the water bacterial community.},
}

*Geologic Sediments/microbiology
*Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification
*RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
*Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology
Animals
*Snails/microbiology
Germany
Denmark
Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics
Water Microbiology
Biodiversity
Estonia
Phylogeny
DNA, Bacterial/genetics
Sequence Analysis, DNA

@article {pmid38821056,
year = {2024},
author = {Swisa, A and Kieckhaefer, J and Daniel, SG and El-Mekkoussi, H and Kolev, HM and Tigue, M and Jin, C and Assenmacher, CA and Dohnalová, L and Thaiss, CA and Karlsson, NG and Bittinger, K and Kaestner, KH},
title = {The evolutionarily ancient FOXA transcription factors shape the murine gut microbiome via control of epithelial glycosylation.},
journal = {Developmental cell},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.devcel.2024.05.006},
pmid = {38821056},
issn = {1878-1551},
abstract = {Evolutionary adaptation of multicellular organisms to a closed gut created an internal microbiome differing from that of the environment. Although the composition of the gut microbiome is impacted by diet and disease state, we hypothesized that vertebrates promote colonization by commensal bacteria through shaping of the apical surface of the intestinal epithelium. Here, we determine that the evolutionarily ancient FOXA transcription factors control the composition of the gut microbiome by establishing favorable glycosylation on the colonic epithelial surface. FOXA proteins bind to regulatory elements of a network of glycosylation enzymes, which become deregulated when Foxa1 and Foxa2 are deleted from the intestinal epithelium. As a direct consequence, microbial composition shifts dramatically, and spontaneous inflammatory bowel disease ensues. Microbiome dysbiosis was quickly reversed upon fecal transplant into wild-type mice, establishing a dominant role for the host epithelium, in part mediated by FOXA factors, in controlling symbiosis in the vertebrate holobiont.},
}

@article {pmid38818306,
year = {2022},
author = {Gerna, D and Clara, D and Antonielli, L and Mitter, B and Roach, T},
title = {Seed Imbibition and Metabolism Contribute Differentially to Initial Assembly of the Soybean Holobiont.},
journal = {Phytobiomes journal},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {21-33},
doi = {10.1094/PBIOMES-03-23-0019-MF},
pmid = {38818306},
issn = {2471-2906},
abstract = {Seed germination critically determines successful plant establishment and agricultural productivity. In the plant holobiont's life cycle, seeds are hubs for microbial communities' assembly, but what exactly shapes the holobiont during germination remains unknown. Here, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing characterized the bacterial communities in embryonic compartments (cotyledons and axes) and on seed coats pre- and post-germination of four soybean (Glycine max) cultivars, in the presence or absence of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA), which prevented germination and associated metabolism of seeds that had imbibed. Embryonic compartments were metabolically profiled during germination to design minimal media mimicking the seed endosphere for bacterial growth assays. The distinction between embryonic and seed coat bacterial microbiomes of dry seeds weakened during germination, resulting in the plumule, radicle, cotyledon, and seed coat all hosting the same most abundant and structurally influential genera in germinated seeds of every cultivar. Treatment with ABA prevented the increase of bacterial microbiomes' richness, but not taxonomic homogenization across seed compartments. Growth assays on minimal media containing the most abundant metabolites that accumulated in germinated seeds revealed that seed reserve mobilization promoted enrichment of copiotrophic bacteria. Our data show that seed imbibition enabled distribution of seed-coat-derived epiphytes into embryos irrespective of germination, while germinative metabolism promoted proliferation of copiotrophic taxa, which predominated in germinated seeds.},
}

@article {pmid38814337,
year = {2024},
author = {Filek, K and Vuković, BB and Žižek, M and Kanjer, L and Trotta, A and Di Bello, A and Corrente, M and Bosak, S},
title = {Loggerhead Sea Turtles as Hosts of Diverse Bacterial and Fungal Communities.},
journal = {Microbial ecology},
volume = {87},
number = {1},
pages = {79},
pmid = {38814337},
issn = {1432-184X},
support = {UIP-2017-05-5635//Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost/ ; UIP-2017-05-5635//Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost/ ; UIP-2017-05-5635//Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost/ ; UIP-2017-05-5635//Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost/ ; UIP-2017-05-5635//Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Turtles/microbiology ; *Fungi/classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Microbiota ; Cloaca/microbiology ; Mycobiome ; Biodiversity ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Biofilms ; },
abstract = {Research on microbial communities associated with wild animals provides a valuable reservoir of knowledge that could be used for enhancing their rehabilitation and conservation. The loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) is a globally distributed species with its Mediterranean population categorized as least concern according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as a result of robust conservation efforts. In our study, we aimed to further understand their biology in relation to their associated microorganisms. We investigated epi- and endozoic bacterial and endozoic fungal communities of cloaca, oral mucosa, carapace biofilm. Samples obtained from 18 juvenile, subadult, and adult turtles as well as 8 respective enclosures, over a 3-year period, were analysed by amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and ITS2 region of nuclear ribosomal gene. Our results reveal a trend of decreasing diversity of distal gut bacterial communities with the age of turtles. Notably, Tenacibaculum species show higher relative abundance in juveniles than in adults. Differential abundances of taxa identified as Tenacibaculum, Moraxellaceae, Cardiobacteriaceae, and Campylobacter were observed in both cloacal and oral samples in addition to having distinct microbial compositions with Halioglobus taxa present only in oral samples. Fungal communities in loggerheads' cloaca were diverse and varied significantly among individuals, differing from those of tank water. Our findings expand the known microbial diversity repertoire of loggerhead turtles, highlighting interesting taxa specific to individual body sites. This study provides a comprehensive view of the loggerhead sea turtle bacterial microbiota and marks the first report of distal gut fungal communities that contributes to establishing a baseline understanding of loggerhead sea turtle holobiont.},
}

Animals
*Turtles/microbiology
*Fungi/classification/genetics/isolation & purification
*Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification
*RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
Microbiota
Cloaca/microbiology
Mycobiome
Biodiversity
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Biofilms

@article {pmid38808038,
year = {2024},
author = {Stephens, D and Faghihi, Z and Moniruzzaman, M},
title = {Widespread occurrence and diverse origins of polintoviruses influence lineage-specific genome dynamics in stony corals.},
journal = {Virus evolution},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {veae039},
doi = {10.1093/ve/veae039},
pmid = {38808038},
issn = {2057-1577},
abstract = {Stony corals (Order: Scleractinia) are central to vital marine habitats known as coral reefs. Numerous stressors in the Anthropocene are contributing to the ongoing decline in coral reef health and coverage. While viruses are established modulators of marine microbial dynamics, their interactions within the coral holobiont and impact on coral health and physiology remain unclear. To address this key knowledge gap, we investigated diverse stony coral genomes for 'endogenous' viruses. Our study uncovered a remarkable number of integrated viral elements recognized as 'Polintoviruses' (Class Polintoviricetes) in thirty Scleractinia genomes; with several species harboring hundreds to thousands of polintoviruses. We reveal massive paralogous expansion of polintoviruses in stony coral genomes, alongside the presence of integrated elements closely related to Polinton-like viruses (PLVs), a group of viruses that exist as free virions. These results suggest multiple integrations of polintoviruses and PLV-relatives, along with paralogous expansions, shaped stony coral genomes. Re-analysis of existing gene expression data reveals all polintovirus structural and non-structural hallmark genes are expressed, providing support for free virion production from polintoviruses. Our results, revealing a significant diversity of polintovirus across the Scleractinia order, open a new research avenue into polintovirus and their possible roles in disease, genomic plasticity, and environmental adaptation in this key group of organisms.},
}

@article {pmid38792833,
year = {2024},
author = {Lima, LFO and Alker, AT and Morris, MM and Edwards, RA and de Putron, SJ and Dinsdale, EA},
title = {Pre-Bleaching Coral Microbiome Is Enriched in Beneficial Taxa and Functions.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms12051005},
pmid = {38792833},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {Coral reef health is tightly connected to the coral holobiont, which is the association between the coral animal and a diverse microbiome functioning as a unit. The coral holobiont depends on key services such as nitrogen and sulfur cycling mediated by the associated bacteria. However, these microbial services may be impaired in response to environmental changes, such as thermal stress. A perturbed microbiome may lead to coral bleaching and disease outbreaks, which have caused an unprecedented loss in coral cover worldwide, particularly correlated to a warming ocean. The response mechanisms of the coral holobiont under high temperatures are not completely understood, but the associated microbial community is a potential source of acquired heat-tolerance. Here we investigate the effects of increased temperature on the taxonomic and functional profiles of coral surface mucous layer (SML) microbiomes in relationship to coral-algal physiology. We used shotgun metagenomics in an experimental setting to understand the dynamics of microbial taxa and genes in the SML microbiome of the coral Pseudodiploria strigosa under heat treatment. The metagenomes of corals exposed to heat showed high similarity at the level of bacterial genera and functional genes related to nitrogen and sulfur metabolism and stress response. The coral SML microbiome responded to heat with an increase in the relative abundance of taxa with probiotic potential, and functional genes for nitrogen and sulfur acquisition. Coral-algal physiology significantly explained the variation in the microbiome at taxonomic and functional levels. These consistent and specific microbial taxa and gene functions that significantly increased in proportional abundance in corals exposed to heat are potentially beneficial to coral health and thermal resistance.},
}

@article {pmid38792817,
year = {2024},
author = {Marcos, AT and Rus, MJ and Areal-Quecuty, V and Simon-Soro, A and Navarro-Pando, JM},
title = {Distinct Gastrointestinal and Reproductive Microbial Patterns in Female Holobiont of Infertility.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms12050989},
pmid = {38792817},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {JMNP//INEBIR/ ; 2022/00000333//Program for Emerging Research by Universidad de Sevilla/ ; },
abstract = {The microbiota is in symbiosis with the human body as a holobiont. Infertility conditions affect the female reproductive tract (FRT) and its resident microbiota. However, a disturbance in homeostasis could influence the FRT and other distal body sites, such as the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). We included 21 patients with endometriosis and other infertility-associated diseases with clinical profiles and biological samples from the FRT (endometrium, endometrial fluid, and vagina), and GIT samples (oral and feces). We performed a 16S rRNA analysis of site-specific microbial communities and estimated diversity metrics. The study found body site-specific microbial patterns in the FRT-GIT. In both study groups, Lactobacillus was the most shared Amplicon Sequence Variant (ASV), a precise identifier of microbial sequences, between endometrial and vagina samples. However, shared Gardnerella and Enterobacteriaceae ASVs were linked to other conditions but not endometriosis. Remarkably, Haemophilus was a specific GIT-shared taxon in endometriosis cases. In conclusion, infertility influences distinctly the FRT and GIT microbiomes, with endometriosis showing unique microbial characteristics. We proposed the concept of 'female holobiont' as a community that comprises the host and microbes that must maintain overall homeostasis across all body sites to ensure a woman's health. Insights into these microbial patterns not only advance our understanding of the pathophysiology of infertility but also open new avenues for developing microbe-based therapeutic interventions aimed at restoring microbial balance, thereby enhancing fertility prospects.},
}

@article {pmid38792734,
year = {2024},
author = {Dietert, RR and Dietert, JM},
title = {Examining Sound, Light, and Vibrations as Tools to Manage Microbes and Support Holobionts, Ecosystems, and Technologies.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms12050905},
pmid = {38792734},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {The vast array of interconnected microorganisms across Earth's ecosystems and within holobionts has been called the "Internet of Microbes." Bacteria and archaea are masters of energy and information collection, storage, transformation, and dissemination using both "wired" and wireless (at a distance) functions. Specific tools affecting microbial energy and information functions offer effective strategies for managing microbial populations within, between, and beyond holobionts. This narrative review focuses on microbial management using a subset of physical modifiers of microbes: sound and light (as well as related vibrations). These are examined as follows: (1) as tools for managing microbial populations, (2) as tools to support new technologies, (3) as tools for healing humans and other holobionts, and (4) as potential safety dangers for microbial populations and their holobionts. Given microbial sensitivity to sound, light, and vibrations, it is critical that we assign a higher priority to the effects of these physical factors on microbial populations and microbe-laden holobionts. We conclude that specific sound, light, and/or vibrational conditions are significant therapeutic tools that can help support useful microbial populations and help to address the ongoing challenges of holobiont disease. We also caution that inappropriate sound, light, and/or vibration exposure can represent significant hazards that require greater recognition.},
}

@article {pmid38782891,
year = {2024},
author = {Schwarcz, S and Kovács, P and Nyerges, P and Ujlaki, G and Sipos, A and Uray, K and Bai, P and Mikó, E},
title = {The bacterial metabolite, lithocholic acid, has antineoplastic effects in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.},
journal = {Cell death discovery},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {248},
pmid = {38782891},
issn = {2058-7716},
abstract = {Lithocholic acid (LCA) is a secondary bile acid. LCA enters the circulation after bacterial synthesis in the gastrointestinal tract, reaches distantly located cancer cells, and influences their behavior. LCA was considered carcinogenic, but recent studies demonstrated that LCA has antitumor effects. We assessed the possible role of LCA in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. At the serum reference concentration, LCA induced a multi-pronged antineoplastic program in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. LCA inhibited cancer cell proliferation and induced mesenchymal-to-epithelial (MET) transition that reduced cell invasion capacity. LCA induced oxidative/nitrosative stress by decreasing the expression of nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2 (NRF2) and inducing inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The oxidative/nitrosative stress increased protein nitration and lipid peroxidation. Suppression of oxidative stress by glutathione (GSH) or pegylated catalase (pegCAT) blunted LCA-induced MET. Antioxidant genes were overexpressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and decreased antioxidant levels correlated with better survival of pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients. Furthermore, LCA treatment decreased the proportions of cancer stem cells. Finally, LCA induced total and ATP-linked mitochondrial oxidation and fatty acid oxidation. LCA exerted effects through the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), vitamin D receptor (VDR), and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). LCA did not interfere with cytostatic agents used in the chemotherapy of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Taken together, LCA is a non-toxic compound and has antineoplastic effects in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.},
}

@article {pmid38782905,
year = {2024},
author = {Yee, SW and Ferrández-Peral, L and Alentorn-Moron, P and Fontsere, C and Ceylan, M and Koleske, ML and Handin, N and Artegoitia, VM and Lara, G and Chien, HC and Zhou, X and Dainat, J and Zalevsky, A and Sali, A and Brand, CM and Wolfreys, FD and Yang, J and Gestwicki, JE and Capra, JA and Artursson, P and Newman, JW and Marquès-Bonet, T and Giacomini, KM},
title = {Illuminating the function of the orphan transporter, SLC22A10, in humans and other primates.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {4380},
pmid = {38782905},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {GM139875//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)/ ; GM117163//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)/ ; GM139875//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)/ ; GM117163//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)/ ; EY032161//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Eye Institute (NEI)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; *Primates/genetics ; Amino Acid Sequence ; HEK293 Cells ; Organic Cation Transport Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Hominidae/genetics/metabolism ; Estradiol/metabolism ; Pseudogenes ; Substrate Specificity ; Mutation, Missense ; },
abstract = {SLC22A10 is an orphan transporter with unknown substrates and function. The goal of this study is to elucidate its substrate specificity and functional characteristics. In contrast to orthologs from great apes, human SLC22A10, tagged with green fluorescent protein, is not expressed on the plasma membrane. Cells expressing great ape SLC22A10 orthologs exhibit significant accumulation of estradiol-17β-glucuronide, unlike those expressing human SLC22A10. Sequence alignments reveal a proline at position 220 in humans, which is a leucine in great apes. Replacing proline with leucine in SLC22A10-P220L restores plasma membrane localization and uptake function. Neanderthal and Denisovan genomes show proline at position 220, akin to modern humans, indicating functional loss during hominin evolution. Human SLC22A10 is a unitary pseudogene due to a fixed missense mutation, P220, while in great apes, its orthologs transport sex steroid conjugates. Characterizing SLC22A10 across species sheds light on its biological role, influencing organism development and steroid homeostasis.},
}

Animals
Humans
*Primates/genetics
Amino Acid Sequence
HEK293 Cells
Organic Cation Transport Proteins/metabolism/genetics
Hominidae/genetics/metabolism
Estradiol/metabolism
Pseudogenes
Substrate Specificity
Mutation, Missense

@article {pmid38777199,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, Q and Ling, J and Zhang, Y and Zhou, W and Wei, Z and Li, J and Zhang, Y and Dong, J and Qian, P},
title = {Microbial Nitrogen Removal in Reef-building Corals: a Light-sensitive Process.},
journal = {Chemosphere},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {142394},
doi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142394},
pmid = {38777199},
issn = {1879-1298},
abstract = {Scleractinian corals are the main framework-building groups in tropical coral reefs. In the coral holobiont, nitrogen-cycling mediated by microbes is fundamental for sustaining the coral reef ecosystems. However, little direct evidence characterizing the activities of microbial nitrogen removal via complete denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) in stony corals has been presented. In this study, multiple incubation experiments using [15]N-tracer were conducted to identify and characterize N2 production by denitrification and anammox in the stony coral Pocillopora damicornis. The rates of denitrification and anammox were recorded up to 0.765 ± 0.162 and 0.078 ± 0.009 nmol N2 cm[-2] h[-1] respectively. Denitrification contributed the majority (∼90%) of N2 production by microbial nitrogen removal in stony corals. The microbial nitrogen removal activities showed diel rhythms, which might correspond to photosynthetic oxygen production. The N2 production rates of anammox and denitrification increased with incubation time. To the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to confirm and characterize the activities of complete denitrification and anammox in stony corals via stable isotope techniques. This study extends the understanding on nitrogen-cycling in coral reefs and how it participates in corals' resilience to environmental stressors.},
}

@article {pmid38777633,
year = {2024},
author = {Leonard, A and , and Alberdi, A},
title = {A global initiative for ecological and evolutionary hologenomics.},
journal = {Trends in ecology & evolution},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2024.03.005},
pmid = {38777633},
issn = {1872-8383},
abstract = {The Earth Hologenome Initiative (EHI) is a global collaboration to generate and analyse hologenomic data from wild animals and associated microorganisms using standardised methodologies underpinned by open and inclusive research principles. Initially focused on vertebrates, it aims to re-examine ecological and evolutionary questions by studying host-microbiota interactions from a systemic perspective.},
}

@article {pmid38771026,
year = {2024},
author = {Aires, T and Cúcio, C and Brakel, J and Weinberger, F and Wahl, M and Teles, A and Muyzer, G and Engelen, AH},
title = {Impact of persistently high sea surface temperatures on the rhizobiomes of Zostera marina in a Baltic Sea benthocosms.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {30},
number = {5},
pages = {e17337},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.17337},
pmid = {38771026},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {//Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt/ ; //Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; CEECINST/00114/2018//Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/ ; SFRH/BPD/116774/2016//Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/ ; UIDB/04326/2020//Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/ ; UIDP/04326/2020//Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/ ; LA/P/0101/2020//Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/ ; },
mesh = {*Zosteraceae/microbiology ; *Microbiota ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; Geologic Sediments/microbiology ; Hot Temperature ; Global Warming ; Oceans and Seas ; Bacteria/classification/isolation & purification ; Seasons ; Climate Change ; },
abstract = {Persistently high marine temperatures are escalating and threating marine biodiversity. The Baltic Sea, warming faster than other seas, is a good model to study the impact of increasing sea surface temperatures. Zostera marina, a key player in the Baltic ecosystem, faces susceptibility to disturbances, especially under chronic high temperatures. Despite the increasing number of studies on the impact of global warming on seagrasses, little attention has been paid to the role of the holobiont. Using an outdoor benthocosm to replicate near-natural conditions, this study explores the repercussions of persistent warming on the microbiome of Z. marina and its implications for holobiont function. Results show that both seasonal warming and chronic warming, impact Z. marina roots and sediment microbiome. Compared with roots, sediments demonstrate higher diversity and stability throughout the study, but temperature effects manifest earlier in both compartments, possibly linked to premature Z. marina die-offs under chronic warming. Shifts in microbial composition, such as an increase in organic matter-degrading and sulfur-related bacteria, accompany chronic warming. A higher ratio of sulfate-reducing bacteria compared to sulfide oxidizers was found in the warming treatment which may result in the collapse of the seagrasses, due to toxic levels of sulfide. Differentiating predicted pathways for warmest temperatures were related to sulfur and nitrogen cycles, suggest an increase of the microbial metabolism, and possible seagrass protection strategies through the production of isoprene. These structural and compositional variations in the associated microbiome offer early insights into the ecological status of seagrasses. Certain taxa/genes/pathways may serve as markers for specific stresses. Monitoring programs should integrate this aspect to identify early indicators of seagrass health. Understanding microbiome changes under stress is crucial for the use of potential probiotic taxa to mitigate climate change effects. Broader-scale examination of seagrass-microorganism interactions is needed to leverage knowledge on host-microbe interactions in seagrasses.},
}

*Zosteraceae/microbiology
*Microbiota
Plant Roots/microbiology
Geologic Sediments/microbiology
Hot Temperature
Global Warming
Oceans and Seas
Bacteria/classification/isolation & purification
Seasons
Climate Change

@article {pmid38770020,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, Z},
title = {Editorial: Marine microbial symbioses: host-microbe interaction, holobiont's adaptation to niches and global climate change.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1416897},
pmid = {38770020},
issn = {1664-302X},
}

@article {pmid38767404,
year = {2024},
author = {Sivaprakasam, S and Mohd Azim Khan, NA and Yee Fan, T and Kumarasan, Y and Sicheritz-Pontén, T and Petersen, B and Mohd Hata, E and Vadamalai, G and Parimannan, S and Rajandas, H},
title = {Complete genome sequence of potential plant growth-promoting Bacillus altitudinis strain AIMST-CREST03 isolated from paddy field bulk soil.},
journal = {Microbiology resource announcements},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0026124},
doi = {10.1128/mra.00261-24},
pmid = {38767404},
issn = {2576-098X},
abstract = {We present the complete genome of a potential plant growth-promoting bacteria Bacillus altitudinis AIMST-CREST03 isolated from a high-yielding paddy plot. The genome is 3,669,202 bp in size with a GC content of 41%. Annotation predicted 3,327 coding sequences, including several genes required for plant growth promotion.},
}

@article {pmid38759466,
year = {2024},
author = {Galià-Camps, C and Junkin, L and Borrallo, X and Carreras, C and Pascual, M and Turon, X},
title = {Navigating spatio-temporal microbiome dynamics: Environmental factors and trace elements shape the symbiont community of an invasive marine species.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {203},
number = {},
pages = {116477},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116477},
pmid = {38759466},
issn = {1879-3363},
abstract = {The proliferation of marine invasive species is a mounting concern. While the role of microbial communities in invasive ascidian species is recognized, the role of seasonal shifts in microbiome composition remains largely unexplored. We sampled five individuals of the invasive ascidian Styela plicata quarterly from January 2020 to October 2021 in two harbours, examining gills, tunics, and surrounding water. By analysing Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) and seawater trace elements, we found that compartment (seawater, tunic, or gills) was the primary differentiating factor, followed by harbour. Clear seasonal patterns were evident in seawater bacteria, less so in gills, and absent in tunics. We identified compartment-specific bacteria, as well as seasonal indicator ASVs and ASVs correlated with trace element concentrations. Among these bacteria, we found that Endozoicomonas, Hepatoplasma and Rhodobacteraceae species had reported functions which might be necessary for overcoming seasonality and trace element shifts. This study contributes to understanding microbiome dynamics in invasive holobiont systems, and the patterns found indicate a potential role in adaptation and invasiveness.},
}

@article {pmid38756985,
year = {2024},
author = {Roughgarden, J},
title = {Lytic/Lysogenic Transition as a Life-History Switch.},
journal = {Virus evolution},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {veae028},
pmid = {38756985},
issn = {2057-1577},
abstract = {The transition between lytic and lysogenic life cycles is the most important feature of the life-history of temperate viruses. To explain this transition, an optimal life-history model is offered based a discrete-time formulation of phage/bacteria population dynamics that features infection of bacteria by Poisson sampling of virions from the environment. The time step is the viral latency period. In this model, density-dependent viral absorption onto the bacterial surface produces virus/bacteria coexistence and density dependence in bacterial growth is not needed. The formula for the transition between lytic and lysogenic phases is termed the 'fitness switch'. According to the model, the virus switches from lytic to lysogenic when its population grows faster as prophage than as virions produced by lysis of the infected cells, and conversely for the switch from lysogenic to lytic. A prophage that benefits the bacterium it infects automatically incurs lower fitness upon exiting the bacterial genome, resulting in its becoming locked into the bacterial genome in what is termed here as a 'prophage lock'. The fitness switch qualitatively predicts the ecogeographic rule that environmental enrichment leads to microbialization with a concomitant increase in lysogeny, fluctuating environmental conditions promote virus-mediated horizontal gene transfer, and prophage-containing bacteria can integrate into the microbiome of a eukaryotic host forming a functionally integrated tripartite holobiont. These predictions accord more with the 'Piggyback-the-Winner' hypothesis than with the 'Kill-the-Winner' hypothesis in virus ecology.},
}

@article {pmid38750108,
year = {2024},
author = {Standish, CD and Trend, J and Kleboe, J and Chalk, TB and Mahajan, S and Milton, JA and Page, TM and Robinson, LF and Stewart, JA and Foster, GL},
title = {Correlative geochemical imaging of Desmophyllum dianthus reveals biomineralisation strategy as a key coral vital effect.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {11121},
pmid = {38750108},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {#884650/ERC_/European Research Council/International ; EP/N509747/1//University of Southampton/ ; NE/X00127X/1//NERC/ ; },
mesh = {*Anthozoa/metabolism ; Animals ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Biomineralization ; },
abstract = {The chemical and isotopic composition of stony coral skeletons form an important archive of past climate. However, these reconstructions are largely based on empirical relationships often complicated by "vital effects" arising from uncertain physiological processes of the coral holobiont. The skeletons of deep-sea corals, such as Desmophyllum dianthus, are characterised by micron-scale or larger geochemical heterogeneity associated with: (1) centres of calcification (COCs) where nucleation of new skeleton begins, and (2) fibres that thicken the skeleton. These features are difficult to sample cleanly using traditional techniques, resulting in uncertainty surrounding both the causes of geochemical differences and their influence on environmental signals. Here we combine optical, and in-situ chemical and isotopic, imaging tools across a range of spatial resolutions (~ 100 nm to 10 s of μm) in a correlative multimodal imaging (CMI) approach to isolate the microstructural geochemistry of each component. This reveals COCs are characterised by higher organic content, Mg, Li and Sr and lower U, B and δ[11]B compared to fibres, reflecting the contrasting biomineralisation mechanisms employed to construct each feature. CMI is rarely applied in Environmental/Earth Sciences, but here we illustrate the power of this approach to unpick the "vital effects" in D. dianthus, and by extension, other scleractinian corals.},
}

*Anthozoa/metabolism
Animals
Calcification, Physiologic
Biomineralization

@article {pmid38740753,
year = {2024},
author = {Nanes Sarfati, D and Xue, Y and Song, ES and Byrne, A and Le, D and Darmanis, S and Quake, SR and Burlacot, A and Sikes, J and Wang, B},
title = {Coordinated wound responses in a regenerative animal-algal holobiont.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {4032},
pmid = {38740753},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {1R35GM138061//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis ; *Regeneration/physiology ; *Photosynthesis ; Chlorophyta/genetics ; Transcription Factors/metabolism/genetics ; },
abstract = {Animal regeneration involves coordinated responses across cell types throughout the animal body. In endosymbiotic animals, whether and how symbionts react to host injury and how cellular responses are integrated across species remain unexplored. Here, we study the acoel Convolutriloba longifissura, which hosts symbiotic Tetraselmis sp. green algae and can regenerate entire bodies from tissue fragments. We show that animal injury causes a decline in the photosynthetic efficiency of the symbiotic algae, alongside two distinct, sequential waves of transcriptional responses in acoel and algal cells. The initial algal response is characterized by the upregulation of a cohort of photosynthesis-related genes, though photosynthesis is not necessary for regeneration. A conserved animal transcription factor, runt, is induced after injury and required for acoel regeneration. Knockdown of Cl-runt dampens transcriptional responses in both species and further reduces algal photosynthetic efficiency post-injury. Our results suggest that the holobiont functions as an integrated unit of biological organization by coordinating molecular networks across species through the runt-dependent animal regeneration program.},
}

Animals
*Symbiosis
*Regeneration/physiology
*Photosynthesis
Chlorophyta/genetics
Transcription Factors/metabolism/genetics

@article {pmid38723604,
year = {2024},
author = {Bogza, A and King, IL and Maurice, CF},
title = {Worming into infancy: Exploring helminth-microbiome interactions in early life.},
journal = {Cell host & microbe},
volume = {32},
number = {5},
pages = {639-650},
doi = {10.1016/j.chom.2024.04.009},
pmid = {38723604},
issn = {1934-6069},
mesh = {*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Humans ; *Helminths/physiology ; Animals ; *Helminthiasis ; Infant ; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic ; },
abstract = {There is rapidly growing awareness of microbiome assembly and function in early-life gut health. Although many factors, such as antibiotic use and highly processed diets, impinge on this process, most research has focused on people residing in high-income countries. However, much of the world's population lives in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where, in addition to erratic antibiotic use and suboptimal diets, these groups experience unique challenges. Indeed, many children in LMICs are infected with intestinal helminths. Although helminth infections are strongly associated with diverse developmental co-morbidities and induce profound microbiome changes, few studies have directly examined whether intersecting pathways between these components of the holobiont shape health outcomes in early life. Here, we summarize microbial colonization within the first years of human life, how helminth-mediated changes to the gut microbiome may affect postnatal growth, and why more research on this relationship may improve health across the lifespan.},
}

*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
Humans
*Helminths/physiology
Animals
*Helminthiasis
Infant
Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic

@article {pmid38719945,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, Y and Chen, H and Lian, C and Cao, L and Guo, Y and Wang, M and Zhong, Z and Li, M and Zhang, H and Li, C},
title = {Insights into phage-bacteria interaction in cold seep Gigantidas platifrons through metagenomics and transcriptome analyses.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {10540},
pmid = {38719945},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {42030407//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2022QNLM030004//Laoshan Laboratory/ ; ZDBS-LY-DQC032//the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences/ ; XDA22050303//the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Metagenomics/methods ; *Bacteriophages/genetics/isolation & purification ; *Gills/microbiology/virology/metabolism ; *Bivalvia/microbiology/virology/genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Transcriptome ; Virome/genetics ; Bacteria/genetics/classification ; Symbiosis/genetics ; Metagenome ; },
abstract = {Viruses are crucial for regulating deep-sea microbial communities and biogeochemical cycles. However, their roles are still less characterized in deep-sea holobionts. Bathymodioline mussels are endemic species inhabiting cold seeps and harboring endosymbionts in gill epithelial cells for nutrition. This study unveiled a diverse array of viruses in the gill tissues of Gigantidas platifrons mussels and analyzed the viral metagenome and transcriptome from the gill tissues of Gigantidas platifrons mussels collected from a cold seep in the South Sea. The mussel gills contained various viruses including Baculoviridae, Rountreeviridae, Myoviridae and Siphovirdae, but the active viromes were Myoviridae, Siphoviridae, and Podoviridae belonging to the order Caudovirales. The overall viral community structure showed significant variation among environments with different methane concentrations. Transcriptome analysis indicated high expression of viral structural genes, integrase, and restriction endonuclease genes in a high methane concentration environment, suggesting frequent virus infection and replication. Furthermore, two viruses (GP-phage-contig14 and GP-phage-contig72) interacted with Gigantidas platifrons methanotrophic gill symbionts (bathymodiolin mussels host intracellular methanotrophic Gammaproteobacteria in their gills), showing high expression levels, and have huge different expression in different methane concentrations. Additionally, single-stranded DNA viruses may play a potential auxiliary role in the virus-host interaction using indirect bioinformatics methods. Moreover, the Cro and DNA methylase genes had phylogenetic similarity between the virus and Gigantidas platifrons methanotrophic gill symbionts. This study also explored a variety of viruses in the gill tissues of Gigantidas platifrons and revealed that bacteria interacted with the viruses during the symbiosis with Gigantidas platifrons. This study provides fundamental insights into the interplay of microorganisms within Gigantidas platifrons mussels in deep sea.},
}

Animals
*Metagenomics/methods
*Bacteriophages/genetics/isolation & purification
*Gills/microbiology/virology/metabolism
*Bivalvia/microbiology/virology/genetics
Gene Expression Profiling
Transcriptome
Virome/genetics
Bacteria/genetics/classification
Symbiosis/genetics
Metagenome

@article {pmid38717896,
year = {2024},
author = {Næsborg-Nielsen, C and Mounsey, K and Wilkinson, V and Eisenhofer, R and Burridge, CP and Carver, S},
title = {Changes in the Skin Microbiota in Two Bare-nosed Wombats (Vombatus ursinus) with Differing Recovery Trajectories following Treatment for Sarcoptic Mange.},
journal = {Journal of wildlife diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.7589/JWD-D-23-00136},
pmid = {38717896},
issn = {1943-3700},
abstract = {We report tracking of bacterial skin microbiota for two bare-nosed wombats (Vombatus ursinus) following in situ treatment for sarcoptic mange. Sarcoptes scabiei, the etiologic agent, has dramatic effects on skin microbiota. Our case reports show differing disease trajectory and bacterial beta diversity between the two treated individuals.},
}

@article {pmid38713089,
year = {2024},
author = {Tsang, CTT and Hui, TKL and Chung, NM and Yuen, WT and Tsang, LM},
title = {Comparative analysis of gut microbiome of mangrove brachyuran crabs revealed patterns of phylosymbiosis and codiversification.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e17377},
doi = {10.1111/mec.17377},
pmid = {38713089},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {CUHK14104623//General Research Fund of Research Grants Council, Hong Kong/ ; CUHK14119419//General Research Fund of Research Grants Council, Hong Kong/ ; },
abstract = {The acquisition of microbial symbionts enables animals to rapidly adapt to and exploit novel ecological niches, thus significantly enhancing the evolutionary fitness and success of their hosts. However, the dynamics of host-microbe interactions and their evolutionary implications remain largely underexplored in marine invertebrates. Crabs of the family Sesarmidae (Crustacea: Brachyura) are dominant inhabitants of mangrove forests and are considered keystone species there. Their rapid diversification, particularly after adopting a plant-feeding lifestyle, is believed to have been facilitated by symbiotic gut microbes, enabling successful colonization of intertidal and terrestrial environments. To investigate the patterns and mechanisms shaping the microbial communities and the role of microbes in the evolution of Sesarmidae, we characterized and compared the gut microbiome compositions across 43 crab species from Sesarmidae and other mangrove-associated families using 16S metabarcoding. We found that the gut microbiome assemblages in crabs are primarily determined by host identity, with a secondary influence from environmental factors such as microhabitat and sampling location, and to a lesser extent influenced by biological factors such as sex and gut region. While patterns of phylosymbiosis (i.e. when microbial community relationships recapitulate the phylogeny of their hosts) were consistently observed in all beta-diversity metrics analysed, the strength of phylosymbiosis varied across crab families. This suggests that the bacterial assemblages in each family were differentially shaped by different degrees of host filtering and/or other evolutionary processes. Notably, Sesarmidae displayed signals of cophylogeny with its core gut bacterial genera, which likely play crucial functional roles in their hosts by providing lignocellulolytic enzymes, essential amino acids, and fatty acids supplementation. Our results support the hypothesis of microbial contribution to herbivory and terrestrialization in mangrove crabs, highlighting the tight association and codiversification of the crab holobiont.},
}

@article {pmid38709876,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhao, J and Nair, S and Zhang, Z and Wang, Z and Jiao, N and Zhang, Y},
title = {Macroalgal virosphere assists with host-microbiome equilibrium regulation and affects prokaryotes in surrounding marine environments.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae083},
pmid = {38709876},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {The microbiomes in macroalgal holobionts play vital roles in regulating macroalgal growth and ocean carbon cycling. However, the virospheres in macroalgal holobionts remain largely underexplored, representing a critical knowledge gap. Here we unveil that the holobiont of kelp (Saccharina japonica) harbors highly specific and unique epiphytic/endophytic viral species, with novelty (99.7% unknown) surpassing even extreme marine habitats (e.g., deep-sea and hadal zones), indicating that macroalgal virospheres, despite being closest to us, are among the least understood. These viruses potentially maintain microbiome equilibrium critical for kelp health via lytic-lysogenic infections and the expression of folate biosynthesis genes. In-situ kelp mesocosm cultivation and metagenomic mining revealed that kelp holobiont profoundly reshaped surrounding seawater and sediment virus-prokaryote pairings through changing surrounding environmental conditions and virus-host migrations. Some kelp epiphytic viruses could even infect sediment autochthonous bacteria after deposition. Moreover, the presence of ample viral auxiliary metabolic genes for kelp polysaccharide (e.g., laminarin) degradation underscores the underappreciated viral metabolic influence on macroalgal carbon cycling. This study provides key insights into understanding the previously overlooked ecological significance of viruses within macroalgal holobionts and the macroalgae-prokaryotes-virus tripartite relationship.},
}

@article {pmid38707840,
year = {2024},
author = {Maire, J and Collingro, A and Horn, M and van Oppen, MJH},
title = {Chlamydiae in corals: shared functional potential despite broad taxonomic diversity.},
journal = {ISME communications},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {ycae054},
pmid = {38707840},
issn = {2730-6151},
abstract = {Cnidarians, such as corals and sea anemones, associate with a wide range of bacteria that have essential functions, including nutrient cycling and the production of antimicrobial compounds. Within cnidarians, bacteria can colonize all microhabitats including the tissues. Among them are obligate intracellular bacteria of the phylum Chlamydiota (chlamydiae) whose impact on cnidarian hosts and holobionts, especially corals, remain unknown. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of previously published 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding data from cnidarians (e.g. coral, jellyfish, and anemones), eight metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of coral-associated chlamydiae, and one MAG of jellyfish-associated chlamydiae to decipher their diversity and functional potential. While the metabarcoding dataset showed an enormous diversity of cnidarian-associated chlamydiae, six out of nine MAGs were affiliated with the Simkaniaceae family. The other three MAGs were assigned to the Parasimkaniaceae, Rhabdochlamydiaceae, and Anoxychlamydiaceae, respectively. All MAGs lacked the genes necessary for an independent existence, lacking any nucleotide or vitamin and most amino acid biosynthesis pathways. Hallmark chlamydial genes, such as a type III secretion system, nucleotide transporters, and genes for host interaction, were encoded in all MAGs. Together these observations suggest an obligate intracellular lifestyle of coral-associated chlamydiae. No unique genes were found in coral-associated chlamydiae, suggesting a lack of host specificity. Additional studies are needed to understand how chlamydiae interact with their coral host, and other microbes in coral holobionts. This first study of the diversity and functional potential of coral-associated chlamydiae improves our understanding of both the coral microbiome and the chlamydial lifestyle and host range.},
}

@article {pmid38706829,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, K and Zheng, Y and Sun, K and Wu, X and Zhang, Z and He, C and Xiao, P},
title = {Rhizosphere microbial markers (micro-markers): A new physical examination indicator for traditional Chinese medicines.},
journal = {Chinese herbal medicines},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {180-189},
pmid = {38706829},
issn = {2589-3610},
abstract = {Rhizosphere microorganisms, as one of the most important components of the soil microbiota and plant holobiont, play a key role in the medicinal plant-soil ecosystem, which are closely related to the growth, adaptability, nutrient absorption, stress tolerance and pathogen resistance of host plants. In recent years, with the wide application of molecular biology and omics technologies, the outcomes of rhizosphere microorganisms on the health, biomass production and secondary metabolite biosynthesis of medicinal plants have received extensive attention. However, whether or to what extent rhizosphere microorganisms can contribute to the construction of the quality evaluation system of Chinese medicinal materials is still elusive. Based on the significant role of rhizosphere microbes in the survival and quality formation of medicinal plants, this paper proposed a new concept of rhizosphere microbial markers (micro-markers), expounded the relevant research methods and ideas of applying the new concept, highlighted the importance of micro-markers in the quality evaluation and control system of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), and introduced the potential value in soil environmental assessment, plant pest control and quality assessment of TCMs. It provides reference for developing ecological planting of TCMs and ensuring the production of high quality TCMs by regulating rhizosphere microbial communities.},
}

@article {pmid38702335,
year = {2024},
author = {McGrath, AH and Lema, K and Egan, S and Wood, G and Gonzalez, SV and Kjelleberg, S and Steinberg, PD and Marzinelli, EM},
title = {Publisher Correction: Disentangling direct vs indirect effects of microbiome manipulations in a habitat-forming marine holobiont.},
journal = {NPJ biofilms and microbiomes},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {43},
doi = {10.1038/s41522-024-00515-7},
pmid = {38702335},
issn = {2055-5008},
}

@article {pmid38694748,
year = {2024},
author = {Ranke, PS and Pepke, ML and Søraker, JS and David, G and Araya-Ajoy, YG and Wright, J and Nafstad, ÅM and Rønning, B and Pärn, H and Ringsby, TH and Jensen, H and Sæther, BE},
title = {Long-distance dispersal in the short-distance dispersing house sparrow (Passer domesticus).},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {14},
number = {5},
pages = {e11356},
doi = {10.1002/ece3.11356},
pmid = {38694748},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {The house sparrow (Passer domesticus) is a small passerine known to be highly sedentary. Throughout a 30-year capture-mark-recapture study, we have obtained occasional reports of recoveries far outside our main metapopulation study system, documenting unusually long dispersal distances. Our records constitute the highest occurrence of long-distance dispersal events recorded for this species in Scandinavia. Such long-distance dispersals radically change the predicted distribution of dispersal distances and connectedness for our study metapopulation. Moreover, it reveals a much greater potential for colonization than formerly recorded for the house sparrow, which is an invasive species across four continents. These rare and occasional long-distance dispersal events are challenging to document but may have important implications for the genetic composition of small and isolated populations and for our understanding of dispersal ecology and evolution.},
}

@article {pmid38693120,
year = {2024},
author = {Moon, S and Han, S and Jang, IH and Ryu, J and Rha, MS and Cho, HJ and Yoon, SS and Nam, KT and Kim, CH and Park, MS and Seong, JK and Lee, WJ and Yoon, JH and Chung, YW and Ryu, JH},
title = {Airway epithelial CD47 plays a critical role in inducing influenza virus-mediated bacterial super-infection.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {3666},
pmid = {38693120},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {2019M3A9B6066971//National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)/ ; 2016M3A9D5A01952415//National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)/ ; 2013M3A9D5072550//National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)/ ; 2021M3H9A1030260//National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)/ ; RS-2023-00250400//National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)/ ; 2015R1A3A2033475//National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)/ ; },
mesh = {*CD47 Antigen/metabolism/genetics ; Humans ; *Staphylococcus aureus ; Animals ; *Superinfection/microbiology ; Mice ; *Epithelial Cells/metabolism/microbiology/virology ; *Staphylococcal Infections/immunology/metabolism/microbiology ; Influenza, Human/metabolism/immunology/virology ; Bacterial Adhesion ; Respiratory Mucosa/metabolism/microbiology/virology ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Bronchi/metabolism/cytology ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology/metabolism/virology ; Mice, Knockout ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; },
abstract = {Respiratory viral infection increases host susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections, yet the precise dynamics within airway epithelia remain elusive. Here, we elucidate the pivotal role of CD47 in the airway epithelium during bacterial super-infection. We demonstrated that upon influenza virus infection, CD47 expression was upregulated and localized on the apical surface of ciliated cells within primary human nasal or bronchial epithelial cells. This induced CD47 exposure provided attachment sites for Staphylococcus aureus, thereby compromising the epithelial barrier integrity. Through bacterial adhesion assays and in vitro pull-down assays, we identified fibronectin-binding proteins (FnBP) of S. aureus as a key component that binds to CD47. Furthermore, we found that ciliated cell-specific CD47 deficiency or neutralizing antibody-mediated CD47 inactivation enhanced in vivo survival rates. These findings suggest that interfering with the interaction between airway epithelial CD47 and pathogenic bacterial FnBP holds promise for alleviating the adverse effects of super-infection.},
}

*CD47 Antigen/metabolism/genetics
Humans
*Staphylococcus aureus
Animals
*Superinfection/microbiology
Mice
*Epithelial Cells/metabolism/microbiology/virology
*Staphylococcal Infections/immunology/metabolism/microbiology
Influenza, Human/metabolism/immunology/virology
Bacterial Adhesion
Respiratory Mucosa/metabolism/microbiology/virology
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Bronchi/metabolism/cytology
Bacterial Proteins/metabolism/genetics
Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology/metabolism/virology
Mice, Knockout
Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype

@article {pmid38676557,
year = {2024},
author = {Glasl, B and Luter, HM and Damjanovic, K and Kitzinger, K and Mueller, AJ and Mahler, L and Engelberts, JP and Rix, L and Osvatic, JT and Hausmann, B and Séneca, J and Daims, H and Pjevac, P and Wagner, M},
title = {Co-occurring nitrifying symbiont lineages are vertically inherited and widespread in marine sponges.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae069},
pmid = {38676557},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Ammonia-oxidising archaea and nitrite-oxidising bacteria are common members of marine sponge microbiomes. They derive energy for carbon fixation and growth from nitrification - the aerobic oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and further to nitrate - and are proposed to play essential roles in the carbon and nitrogen cycling of sponge holobionts. In this study, we characterise two novel nitrifying symbiont lineages, Candidatus Nitrosokoinonia and Candidatus Nitrosymbion in the marine sponge Coscinoderma matthewsi using a combination of molecular tools, in situ visualisation, and physiological rate measurements. Both represent a new genus in the ammonia-oxidising archaeal class Nitrososphaeria and the nitrite-oxidising bacterial order Nitrospirales, respectively. Furthermore, we show that larvae of this viviparous sponge are densely colonised by representatives of Ca. Nitrosokoinonia and Ca. Nitrosymbion indicating vertical transmission. In adults, the representatives of both symbiont genera are located extracellularly in the mesohyl. Comparative metagenome analyses and physiological data suggest that ammonia-oxidising archaeal symbionts of the genus Ca. Nitrosokoinonia strongly rely on endogenously produced nitrogenous compounds (i.e., ammonium, urea, nitriles/cyanides, and creatinine) rather than on exogenous ammonium sources taken up by the sponge. Additionally, the nitrite-oxidising bacterial symbionts of the genus Ca. Nitrosymbion may reciprocally support the ammonia-oxidisers with ammonia via the utilisation of sponge-derived urea and cyanate. Comparative analyses of published environmental 16S rRNA gene amplicon data revealed that Ca. Nitrosokoinonia and Ca. Nitrosymbion are widely distributed and predominantly associated with marine sponges and corals, suggesting a broad relevance of our findings.},
}

@article {pmid38670883,
year = {2024},
author = {Tan, W and Nian, H and Tran, LP and Jin, J and Lian, T},
title = {Small peptides: novel targets for modulating plant-rhizosphere microbe interactions.},
journal = {Trends in microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tim.2024.03.011},
pmid = {38670883},
issn = {1878-4380},
abstract = {The crucial role of rhizosphere microbes in plant growth and their resilience to environmental stresses underscores the intricate communication between microbes and plants. Plants are equipped with a diverse set of signaling molecules that facilitate communication across different biological kingdoms, although our comprehension of these mechanisms is still evolving. Small peptides produced by plants (SPPs) and microbes (SPMs) play a pivotal role in intracellular signaling and are essential in orchestrating various plant development stages. In this review, we posit that SPPs and SPMs serve as crucial signaling agents for the bidirectional cross-kingdom communication between plants and rhizosphere microbes. We explore several potential mechanistic pathways through which this communication occurs. Additionally, we propose that leveraging small peptides, inspired by plant-rhizosphere microbe interactions, represents an innovative approach in the field of holobiont engineering.},
}

@article {pmid38653719,
year = {2024},
author = {Williams, A},
title = {Multiomics data integration, limitations, and prospects to reveal the metabolic activity of the coral holobiont.},
journal = {FEMS microbiology ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/femsec/fiae058},
pmid = {38653719},
issn = {1574-6941},
abstract = {Since their radiation in the Middle Triassic period ∼ 240 million years ago, stony corals have survived past climate fluctuations and five mass extinctions. Their long-term survival underscores the inherent resilience of corals, particularly when considering the nutrient-poor marine environments in which they have thrived. However, coral bleaching has emerged as a global threat to coral survival, requiring rapid advancements in coral research to understand holobiont stress responses and allow for interventions before extensive bleaching occurs. This review encompasses the potential, as well as the limits, of multiomics data applications when applied to the coral holobiont. Synopses for how different omics tools have been applied to date and their current restrictions are discussed, in addition to ways these restrictions may be overcome, such as recruiting new technology to studies, utilizing novel bioinformatics approaches, and generally integrating omics data. Lastly, this review presents considerations for the design of holobiont multiomics studies to support lab-to-field advancements of coral stress marker monitoring systems. Although much of the bleaching mechanism has eluded investigation to date, multiomic studies have already produced key findings regarding the holobiont's stress response, and have the potential to advance the field further.},
}

@article {pmid38651923,
year = {2024},
author = {Michelle JiaMin, L and Karthikeyan, P and Kumaresan, R and Millard, A and Parimannan, S and Rajandas, H},
title = {Complete genome sequence of Enterococcus faecalis phage EF_RCK.},
journal = {Microbiology resource announcements},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0010924},
doi = {10.1128/mra.00109-24},
pmid = {38651923},
issn = {2576-098X},
abstract = {A lytic bacteriophage EF_RCK infecting Enterococcus faecalis was isolated from a water sample collected in a raw cockle storage container at Taman Ria market, Sungai Petani, Malaysia. The phage has a 57,848-bp double-stranded DNA genome harboring 107 protein-encoding genes and shares 90.9% nucleotide similarity with Enterococcus phage EFKL (Saphexavirus genus).},
}

@article {pmid38641475,
year = {2024},
author = {Addison, SL and Rúa, MA and Smaill, SJ and Singh, BK and Wakelin, SA},
title = {Partner or perish: tree microbiomes and climate change.},
journal = {Trends in plant science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tplants.2024.03.008},
pmid = {38641475},
issn = {1878-4372},
abstract = {Understanding the complex relationships between plants, their microbiomes, and environmental changes is crucial for improving growth and survival, especially for long-lived tree species. Trees, like other plants, maintain close associations with a multitude of microorganisms on and within their tissues, forming a 'holobiont'. However, a comprehensive framework for detailed tree-microbiome dynamics, and the implications for climate adaptation, is currently lacking. This review identifies gaps in the existing literature, emphasizing the need for more research to explore the coevolution of the holobiont and the full extent of climate change impact on tree growth and survival. Advancing our knowledge of plant-microbial interactions presents opportunities to enhance tree adaptability and mitigate adverse impacts of climate changes on trees.},
}

@article {pmid38627822,
year = {2024},
author = {Williams, J and Pettorelli, N and Hartmann, AC and Quinn, RA and Plaisance, L and O'Mahoney, M and Meyer, CP and Fabricius, KE and Knowlton, N and Ransome, E},
title = {Decline of a distinct coral reef holobiont community under ocean acidification.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {75},
pmid = {38627822},
issn = {2049-2618},
support = {NE/R012229/1//Natural Environment Research Council/ ; 2022717//National Science Foundation/ ; 1558868//National Science Foundation/ ; 1558868//National Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Microbes play vital roles across coral reefs both in the environment and inside and upon macrobes (holobionts), where they support critical functions such as nutrition and immune system modulation. These roles highlight the potential ecosystem-level importance of microbes, yet most knowledge of microbial functions on reefs is derived from a small set of holobionts such as corals and sponges. Declining seawater pH - an important global coral reef stressor - can cause ecosystem-level change on coral reefs, providing an opportunity to study the role of microbes at this scale. We use an in situ experimental approach to test the hypothesis that under such ocean acidification (OA), known shifts among macrobe trophic and functional groups may drive a general ecosystem-level response extending across macrobes and microbes, leading to reduced distinctness between the benthic holobiont community microbiome and the environmental microbiome.

RESULTS: We test this hypothesis using genetic and chemical data from benthic coral reef community holobionts sampled across a pH gradient from CO2 seeps in Papua New Guinea. We find support for our hypothesis; under OA, the microbiome and metabolome of the benthic holobiont community become less compositionally distinct from the sediment microbiome and metabolome, suggesting that benthic macrobe communities are colonised by environmental microbes to a higher degree under OA conditions. We also find a simplification and homogenisation of the benthic photosynthetic community, and an increased abundance of fleshy macroalgae, consistent with previously observed reef microbialisation.

CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate a novel structural shift in coral reefs involving macrobes and microbes: that the microbiome of the benthic holobiont community becomes less distinct from the sediment microbiome under OA. Our findings suggest that microbialisation and the disruption of macrobe trophic networks are interwoven general responses to environmental stress, pointing towards a universal, undesirable, and measurable form of ecosystem changed. Video Abstract.},
}

@article {pmid38366712,
year = {2024},
author = {Pillai, P and Gouhier, TC},
title = {Metamicrobiome diversity promotes the evolution of host-microbial mutualisms.},
journal = {Journal of evolutionary biology},
volume = {37},
number = {4},
pages = {414-428},
doi = {10.1093/jeb/voae019},
pmid = {38366712},
issn = {1420-9101},
support = {OCE-1458158//National Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Ecological theory suggests that a host organism's internal spatial structure can promote the persistence of mutualistic microbes by allowing for the turnover of tissue occupied by non-beneficial or cheating microbes. This type of regulation, whereby a host preferentially rewards tissue occupied by beneficial members of its microbiome but sanctions tissue occupied by non-beneficial cheaters, is expected to generate a competition-extinction trade-off by allowing beneficial microbes to experience a lower extinction rate than competitively dominant cheaters. Using an adaptive dynamics approach, we demonstrate that although ecologically stable, microbial regulation via sanctioning is not stable in any evolutionary sense, as each individual host will be under pressure to reduce the costs incurred from cheater suppression in order to maximize its own fitness at the expense of the rest of the host population. However, increasing the diversity of non-beneficial cheaters in the host population metamicrobiome can lead to an increase in the relative fitness of hosts that actively sanction non-performing tissue, thus facilitating the evolutionary emergence and persistence of such strategies in host-microbial systems. These counter-intuitive results demonstrate how diversity at multiple levels of biological organization and spatiotemporal scales can interact to facilitate the establishment and maintenance of mutualistic relationships.},
}

@article {pmid38607980,
year = {2024},
author = {Partida-Martínez, LP},
title = {Fungal holobionts as blueprints for synthetic endosymbiotic systems.},
journal = {PLoS biology},
volume = {22},
number = {4},
pages = {e3002587},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.3002587},
pmid = {38607980},
issn = {1545-7885},
abstract = {Rhizopus microsporus is an example of a fungal holobiont. Strains of this species can harbor bacterial and viral endosymbionts inherited by the next generation. These microbial allies increase pathogenicity and defense and control asexual and sexual reproduction.},
}

@article {pmid38606974,
year = {2024},
author = {Cardoso, PM and Hill, LJ and Villela, HDM and Vilela, CLS and Assis, JM and Rosado, PM and Rosado, JG and Chacon, MA and Majzoub, ME and Duarte, GAS and Thomas, T and Peixoto, RS},
title = {Localization and symbiotic status of probiotics in the coral holobiont.},
journal = {mSystems},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0026124},
doi = {10.1128/msystems.00261-24},
pmid = {38606974},
issn = {2379-5077},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Corals establish symbiotic relationships with microorganisms, especially endosymbiotic photosynthetic algae. Although other microbes have been commonly detected in coral tissues, their identity and beneficial functions for their host are unclear. Here, we confirm the beneficial outcomes of the inoculation of bacteria selected as probiotics and use fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to define their localization in the coral Pocillopora damicornis. Our results show the first evidence of the inherent presence of Halomonas sp. and Cobetia sp. in native coral tissues, even before their inoculation. Furthermore, the relative enrichment of these coral tissue-associated bacteria through their inoculation in corals correlates with health improvements, such as increases in photosynthetic potential, and productivity. Our study suggests the symbiotic status of Halomonas sp. and Cobetia sp. in corals by indicating their localization within coral gastrodermis and epidermis and correlating their increased relative abundance through active inoculation with beneficial outcomes for the holobiont. This knowledge is crucial to facilitate the screening and application of probiotics that may not be transient members of the coral microbiome.

IMPORTANCE: Despite the promising results indicating the beneficial outcomes associated with the application of probiotics in corals and some scarce knowledge regarding the identity of bacterial cells found within the coral tissue, the correlation between these two aspects is still missing. This gap limits our understanding of the actual diversity of coral-associated bacteria and whether these symbionts are beneficial. Some researchers, for example, have been suggesting that probiotic screening should only focus on the very few known tissue-associated bacteria, such as Endozoicomonas sp., assuming that the currently tested probiotics are not tissue-associated. Here, we provide specific FISH probes for Halomonas sp. and Cobetia sp., expand our knowledge of the identity of coral-associated bacteria and confirm the probiotic status of the tested probiotics. The presence of these beneficial microorganisms for corals (BMCs) inside host tissues and gastric cavities also supports the notion that direct interactions with the host may underpin their probiotic role. This is a new breakthrough; these results argue against the possibility that the positive effects of BMCs are due to factors that are not related to a direct symbiotic interaction, for example, that the host simply feeds on inoculated bacteria or that the bacteria change the water quality.},
}

@article {pmid38605712,
year = {2024},
author = {Garrido, M and Minard, G and Veiga, J and Martínez-de la Puente, J},
title = {Editorial: Ecological interactions between mosquitoes and their microbiota: implications for pathogen transmission.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1395348},
pmid = {38605712},
issn = {1664-302X},
}

@article {pmid38602593,
year = {2024},
author = {Maslin, M and Paix, B and van der Windt, N and Ambo-Rappe, R and Debitus, C and Gaertner-Mazouni, N and Ho, R and de Voogd, NJ},
title = {Prokaryotic communities of the French Polynesian sponge Dactylospongia metachromia display a site-specific and stable diversity during an aquaculture trial.},
journal = {Antonie van Leeuwenhoek},
volume = {117},
number = {1},
pages = {65},
pmid = {38602593},
issn = {1572-9699},
support = {08858/VP/DRMM//Direction des Ressources Marines/ ; 08858/VP/DRMM//Direction des Ressources Marines/ ; 08858/VP/DRMM//Direction des Ressources Marines/ ; 3299/MTF//Government of French Polynesia/ ; 3299/MTF//Government of French Polynesia/ ; 16.161.301//Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek/ ; 16.161.301//Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek/ ; },
abstract = {Dynamics of microbiomes through time are fundamental regarding survival and resilience of their hosts when facing environmental alterations. As for marine species with commercial applications, such as marine sponges, assessing the temporal change of prokaryotic communities allows us to better consider the adaptation of sponges to aquaculture designs. The present study aims to investigate the factors shaping the microbiome of the sponge Dactylospongia metachromia, in a context of aquaculture development in French Polynesia, Rangiroa, Tuamotu archipelago. A temporal approach targeting explants collected during farming trials revealed a relative high stability of the prokaryotic diversity, meanwhile a complementary biogeographical study confirmed a spatial specificity amongst samples at different longitudinal scales. Results from this additional spatial analysis confirmed that differences in prokaryotic communities might first be explained by environmental changes (mainly temperature and salinity), while no significant effect of the host phylogeny was observed. The core community of D. metachromia is thus characterized by a high spatiotemporal constancy, which is a good prospect for the sustainable exploitation of this species towards drug development. Indeed, a microbiome stability across locations and throughout the farming process, as evidenced by our results, should go against a negative influence of sponge translocation during in situ aquaculture.},
}

@article {pmid38601888,
year = {2024},
author = {Sherwani, MK and Gopalakrishnan, S},
title = {A systematic literature review: deep learning techniques for synthetic medical image generation and their applications in radiotherapy.},
journal = {Frontiers in radiology},
volume = {4},
number = {},
pages = {1385742},
pmid = {38601888},
issn = {2673-8740},
abstract = {The aim of this systematic review is to determine whether Deep Learning (DL) algorithms can provide a clinically feasible alternative to classic algorithms for synthetic Computer Tomography (sCT). The following categories are presented in this study: ∙ MR-based treatment planning and synthetic CT generation techniques. ∙ Generation of synthetic CT images based on Cone Beam CT images. ∙ Low-dose CT to High-dose CT generation. ∙ Attenuation correction for PET images. To perform appropriate database searches, we reviewed journal articles published between January 2018 and June 2023. Current methodology, study strategies, and results with relevant clinical applications were analyzed as we outlined the state-of-the-art of deep learning based approaches to inter-modality and intra-modality image synthesis. This was accomplished by contrasting the provided methodologies with traditional research approaches. The key contributions of each category were highlighted, specific challenges were identified, and accomplishments were summarized. As a final step, the statistics of all the cited works from various aspects were analyzed, which revealed that DL-based sCTs have achieved considerable popularity, while also showing the potential of this technology. In order to assess the clinical readiness of the presented methods, we examined the current status of DL-based sCT generation.},
}

@article {pmid38589941,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, F and Ryu, T and Ravasi, T and Wang, X and Wang, G and Li, Z},
title = {Niche-dependent sponge hologenome expression profiles and the host-microbes interplay: a case of the hawaiian demosponge Mycale Grandis.},
journal = {Environmental microbiome},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {22},
pmid = {38589941},
issn = {2524-6372},
support = {31861143020, 41776138//This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Most researches on sponge holobionts focus primarily on symbiotic microbes, yet data at the level of the sponge hologenome are still relatively scarce. Understanding of the sponge host and its microbial gene expression profiles and the host-microbes interplay in different niches represents a key aspect of sponge hologenome. Using the Hawaiian demosponge Mycale grandis in different niches as a model, i.e. on rocks, on the surface of coral Porites compressa, under alga Gracilaria salicornia, we compared the bacterial and fungal community structure, functional gene diversity, expression pattern and the host transcriptome by integrating open-format (deep sequencing) and closed-format (GeoChip microarray) high-throughput techniques.

RESULTS: Little inter-niche variation in bacterial and fungal phylogenetic diversity was detected for M. grandis in different niches, but a clear niche-dependent variability in the functional gene diversity and expression pattern of M. grandis host and its symbiotic microbiota was uncovered by GeoChip microarray and transcriptome analyses. Particularly, sponge host genes related to innate immunity and microbial recognition showed a strong correlation with the microbial symbionts' functional gene diversity and transcriptional richness in different niches. The cross-niche variability with respect to the symbiont functional gene diversity and the transcriptional richness of M. grandis holobiont putatively reflects the interplay of niche-specific selective pressure and the symbiont functional diversity.

CONCLUSIONS: Niche-dependent gene expression profiles of M. grandis hologenome and the host-microbes interplay were suggested though little inter-niche variation in bacterial and fungal diversity was detected, particularly the sponge innate immunity was found to be closely related to the symbiotic microbes. Altogether, these findings provide novel insights into the black box of one sponge holobiont in different niches at the hologenome level.},
}

@article {pmid38589605,
year = {2024},
author = {Mazzella, V and Dell'Anno, A and Etxebarría, N and González-Gaya, B and Nuzzo, G and Fontana, A and Núñez-Pons, L},
title = {High microbiome and metabolome diversification in coexisting sponges with different bio-ecological traits.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {422},
pmid = {38589605},
issn = {2399-3642},
abstract = {Marine Porifera host diverse microbial communities, which influence host metabolism and fitness. However, functional relationships between sponge microbiomes and metabolic signatures are poorly understood. We integrate microbiome characterization, metabolomics and microbial predicted functions of four coexisting Mediterranean sponges -Petrosia ficiformis, Chondrosia reniformis, Crambe crambe and Chondrilla nucula. Microscopy observations reveal anatomical differences in microbial densities. Microbiomes exhibit strong species-specific trends. C. crambe shares many rare amplicon sequence variants (ASV) with the surrounding seawater. This suggests important inputs of microbial diversity acquired by selective horizontal acquisition. Phylum Cyanobacteria is mainly represented in C. nucula and C. crambe. According to putative functions, the microbiome of P. ficiformis and C. reniformis are functionally heterotrophic, while C. crambe and C. nucula are autotrophic. The four species display distinct metabolic profiles at single compound level. However, at molecular class level they share a "core metabolome". Concurrently, we find global microbiome-metabolome association when considering all four sponge species. Within each species still, sets of microbe/metabolites are identified driving multi-omics congruence. Our findings suggest that diverse microbial players and metabolic profiles may promote niche diversification, but also, analogous phenotypic patterns of "symbiont evolutionary convergence" in sponge assemblages where holobionts co-exist in the same area.},
}

@article {pmid38587594,
year = {2024},
author = {Van Gerrewey, T and Chung, HS},
title = {MAPK Cascades in Plant Microbiota Structure and Functioning.},
journal = {Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38587594},
issn = {1976-3794},
support = {2021R1F1A1048959//Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea/ ; BOF/STA/202002/007//Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds UGent/ ; },
abstract = {Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are highly conserved signaling modules that coordinate diverse biological processes such as plant innate immunity and development. Recently, MAPK cascades have emerged as pivotal regulators of the plant holobiont, influencing the assembly of normal plant microbiota, essential for maintaining optimal plant growth and health. In this review, we provide an overview of current knowledge on MAPK cascades, from upstream perception of microbial stimuli to downstream host responses. Synthesizing recent findings, we explore the intricate connections between MAPK signaling and the assembly and functioning of plant microbiota. Additionally, the role of MAPK activation in orchestrating dynamic changes in root exudation to shape microbiota composition is discussed. Finally, our review concludes by emphasizing the necessity for more sophisticated techniques to accurately decipher the role of MAPK signaling in establishing the plant holobiont relationship.},
}

@article {pmid38575584,
year = {2024},
author = {Messer, LF and Bourne, DG and Robbins, SJ and Clay, M and Bell, SC and McIlroy, SJ and Tyson, GW},
title = {A genome-centric view of the role of the Acropora kenti microbiome in coral health and resilience.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {2902},
pmid = {38575584},
issn = {2041-1723},
abstract = {Microbial diversity has been extensively explored in reef-building corals. However, the functional roles of coral-associated microorganisms remain poorly elucidated. Here, we recover 191 bacterial and 10 archaeal metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from the coral Acropora kenti (formerly A. tenuis) and adjacent seawater, to identify microbial functions and metabolic interactions within the holobiont. We show that 82 MAGs were specific to the A. kenti holobiont, including members of the Pseudomonadota, Bacteroidota, and Desulfobacterota. A. kenti-specific MAGs displayed significant differences in their genomic features and functional potential relative to seawater-specific MAGs, with a higher prevalence of genes involved in host immune system evasion, nitrogen and carbon fixation, and synthesis of five essential B-vitamins. We find a diversity of A. kenti-specific MAGs encode the biosynthesis of essential amino acids, such as tryptophan, histidine, and lysine, which cannot be de novo synthesised by the host or Symbiodiniaceae. Across a water quality gradient spanning 2° of latitude, A. kenti microbial community composition is correlated to increased temperature and dissolved inorganic nitrogen, with corresponding enrichment in molecular chaperones, nitrate reductases, and a heat-shock protein. We reveal mechanisms of A. kenti-microbiome-symbiosis on the Great Barrier Reef, highlighting the interactions underpinning the health of this keystone holobiont.},
}

@article {pmid38564842,
year = {2024},
author = {Chatterjee, S and Leach, ST and Lui, K and Mishra, A},
title = {Symbiotic symphony: Understanding host-microbiota dialogues in a spatial context.},
journal = {Seminars in cell & developmental biology},
volume = {161-162},
number = {},
pages = {22-30},
doi = {10.1016/j.semcdb.2024.03.001},
pmid = {38564842},
issn = {1096-3634},
abstract = {Modern precision sequencing techniques have established humans as a holobiont that live in symbiosis with the microbiome. Microbes play an active role throughout the life of a human ranging from metabolism and immunity to disease tolerance. Hence, it is of utmost significance to study the eukaryotic host in conjunction with the microbial antigens to obtain a complete picture of the host-microbiome crosstalk. Previous attempts at profiling host-microbiome interactions have been either superficial or been attempted to catalogue eukaryotic transcriptomic profile and microbial communities in isolation. Additionally, the nature of such immune-microbial interactions is not random but spatially organised. Hence, for a holistic clinical understanding of the interplay between hosts and microbiota, it's imperative to concurrently analyze both microbial and host genetic information, ensuring the preservation of their spatial integrity. Capturing these interactions as a snapshot in time at their site of action has the potential to transform our understanding of how microbes impact human health. In examining early-life microbial impacts, the limited presence of communities compels analysis within reduced biomass frameworks. However, with the advent of spatial transcriptomics we can address this challenge and expand our horizons of understanding these interactions in detail. In the long run, simultaneous spatial profiling of host-microbiome dialogues can have enormous clinical implications especially in gaining mechanistic insights into the disease prognosis of localised infections and inflammation. This review addresses the lacunae in host-microbiome research and highlights the importance of profiling them together to map their interactions while preserving their spatial context.},
}

@article {pmid38560995,
year = {2024},
author = {Stiller, J and Feng, S and Chowdhury, AA and Rivas-González, I and Duchêne, DA and Fang, Q and Deng, Y and Kozlov, A and Stamatakis, A and Claramunt, S and Nguyen, JMT and Ho, SYW and Faircloth, BC and Haag, J and Houde, P and Cracraft, J and Balaban, M and Mai, U and Chen, G and Gao, R and Zhou, C and Xie, Y and Huang, Z and Cao, Z and Yan, Z and Ogilvie, HA and Nakhleh, L and Lindow, B and Morel, B and Fjeldså, J and Hosner, PA and da Fonseca, RR and Petersen, B and Tobias, JA and Székely, T and Kennedy, JD and Reeve, AH and Liker, A and Stervander, M and Antunes, A and Tietze, DT and Bertelsen, M and Lei, F and Rahbek, C and Graves, GR and Schierup, MH and Warnow, T and Braun, EL and Gilbert, MTP and Jarvis, ED and Mirarab, S and Zhang, G},
title = {Complexity of avian evolution revealed by family-level genomes.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-07323-1},
pmid = {38560995},
issn = {1476-4687},
abstract = {Despite tremendous efforts in the past decades, relationships among main avian lineages remain heavily debated without a clear resolution. Discrepancies have been attributed to diversity of species sampled, phylogenetic method, and the choice of genomic regions [1-3]. Here, we address these issues by analyzing genomes of 363 bird species [4] (218 taxonomic families, 92% of total). Using intergenic regions and coalescent methods, we present a well-supported tree but also a remarkable degree of discordance. The tree confirms that Neoaves experienced rapid radiation at or near the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary. Sufficient loci rather than extensive taxon sampling were more effective in resolving difficult nodes. Remaining recalcitrant nodes involve species that challenge modeling due to extreme GC content, variable substitution rates, incomplete lineage sorting, or complex evolutionary events such as ancient hybridization. Assessment of the impacts of different genomic partitions showed high heterogeneity across the genome. We discovered sharp increases in effective population size, substitution rates, and relative brain size following the K-Pg extinction event, supporting the hypothesis that emerging ecological opportunities catalyzed the diversification of modern birds. The resulting phylogenetic estimate offers novel insights into the rapid radiation of modern birds and provides a taxon-rich backbone tree for future comparative studies.},
}

@article {pmid38560465,
year = {2024},
author = {Auclert, LZ and Chhanda, MS and Derome, N},
title = {Interwoven processes in fish development: microbial community succession and immune maturation.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {e17051},
doi = {10.7717/peerj.17051},
pmid = {38560465},
issn = {2167-8359},
abstract = {Fishes are hosts for many microorganisms that provide them with beneficial effects on growth, immune system development, nutrition and protection against pathogens. In order to avoid spreading of infectious diseases in aquaculture, prevention includes vaccinations and routine disinfection of eggs and equipment, while curative treatments consist in the administration of antibiotics. Vaccination processes can stress the fish and require substantial farmer's investment. Additionally, disinfection and antibiotics are not specific, and while they may be effective in the short term, they have major drawbacks in the long term. Indeed, they eliminate beneficial bacteria which are useful for the host and promote the raising of antibiotic resistance in beneficial, commensal but also in pathogenic bacterial strains. Numerous publications highlight the importance that plays the diversified microbial community colonizing fish (i.e., microbiota) in the development, health and ultimately survival of their host. This review targets the current knowledge on the bidirectional communication between the microbiota and the fish immune system during fish development. It explores the extent of this mutualistic relationship: on one hand, the effect that microbes exert on the immune system ontogeny of fishes, and on the other hand, the impact of critical steps in immune system development on the microbial recruitment and succession throughout their life. We will first describe the immune system and its ontogeny and gene expression steps in the immune system development of fishes. Secondly, the plurality of the microbiotas (depending on host organism, organ, and development stage) will be reviewed. Then, a description of the constant interactions between microbiota and immune system throughout the fish's life stages will be discussed. Healthy microbiotas allow immune system maturation and modulation of inflammation, both of which contribute to immune homeostasis. Thus, immune equilibrium is closely linked to microbiota stability and to the stages of microbial community succession during the host development. We will provide examples from several fish species and describe more extensively the mechanisms occurring in zebrafish model because immune system ontogeny is much more finely described for this species, thanks to the many existing zebrafish mutants which allow more precise investigations. We will conclude on how the conceptual framework associated to the research on the immune system will benefit from considering the relations between microbiota and immune system maturation. More precisely, the development of active tolerance of the microbiota from the earliest stages of life enables the sustainable establishment of a complex healthy microbial community in the adult host. Establishing a balanced host-microbiota interaction avoids triggering deleterious inflammation, and maintains immunological and microbiological homeostasis.},
}

@article {pmid38553475,
year = {2024},
author = {McGrath, AH and Lema, K and Egan, S and Wood, G and Gonzalez, SV and Kjelleberg, S and Steinberg, PD and Marzinelli, EM},
title = {Disentangling direct vs indirect effects of microbiome manipulations in a habitat-forming marine holobiont.},
journal = {NPJ biofilms and microbiomes},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {33},
pmid = {38553475},
issn = {2055-5008},
support = {Holsworth Wildlife Endowment//Ecological Society of Australia (ESA)/ ; DP180104041//Department of Education and Training | Australian Research Council (ARC)/ ; DP180104041//Department of Education and Training | Australian Research Council (ARC)/ ; DP180104041//Department of Education and Training | Australian Research Council (ARC)/ ; },
abstract = {Host-associated microbiota are critical for eukaryotic host functioning, to the extent that hosts and their associated microbial communities are often considered "holobionts". Most studies of holobionts have focused on descriptive approaches or have used model systems, usually in the laboratory, to understand host-microbiome interactions. To advance our understanding of host-microbiota interactions and their wider ecological impacts, we need experimental frameworks that can explore causation in non-model hosts, which often have highly diverse microbiota, and in their natural ecological setting (i.e. in the field). We used a dominant habitat-forming seaweed, Hormosira banksii, to explore these issues and to experimentally test host-microbiota interactions in a non-model holobiont. The experimental protocols were aimed at trying to disentangle microbially mediated effects on hosts from direct effects on hosts associated with the methods employed to manipulate host-microbiota. This was done by disrupting the microbiome, either through removal/disruption using a combination of antimicrobial treatments, or additions of specific taxa via inoculations, or a combination of thew two. The experiments were done in mesocosms and in the field. Three different antibiotic treatments were used to disrupt seaweed-associated microbiota to test whether disturbances of microbiota, particularly bacteria, would negatively affect host performance. Responses of bacteria to these disturbances were complex and differed substantially among treatments, with some antibacterial treatments having little discernible effect. However, the temporal sequence of responses antibiotic treatments, changes in bacterial diversity and subsequent decreases in host performance, strongly suggested an effect of the microbiota on host performance in some treatments, as opposed to direct effects of the antibiotics. To further test these effects, we used 16S-rRNA-gene sequencing to identify bacterial taxa that were either correlated, or uncorrelated, with poor host performance following antibiotic treatment. These were then isolated and used in inoculation experiments, independently or in combination with the previously used antibiotic treatments. Negative effects on host performance were strongest where specific microbial antimicrobials treatments were combined with inoculations of strains that were correlated with poor host performance. For these treatments, negative host effects persisted the entire experimental period (12 days), even though treatments were only applied at the beginning of the experiment. Host performance recovered in all other treatments. These experiments provide a framework for exploring causation and disentangling microbially mediated vs. direct effects on hosts for ecologically important, non-model holobionts in the field. This should allow for better predictions of how these systems will respond to, and potentially mitigate, environmental disturbances in their natural context.},
}

@article {pmid38548931,
year = {2024},
author = {Friedländer, MR and Gilbert, MTP},
title = {How ancient RNA survives and what we can learn from it.},
journal = {Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38548931},
issn = {1471-0080},
}

@article {pmid38543670,
year = {2024},
author = {Tosado-Rodríguez, E and Alvarado-Vélez, I and Romaguera, J and Godoy-Vitorino, F},
title = {Vaginal Microbiota and HPV in Latin America: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms12030619},
pmid = {38543670},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {U54MD007600/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/United States ; P20GM103475/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; U54MD007587/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; CA096297/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {With the expansion of human microbiome studies in the last 15 years, we have realized the immense implications of microbes in human health. The human holobiont is now accepted, given the commensal relationships with bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses, and human cells. The cervicovaginal microbiota is a specific case within the human microbiome where diversity is lower to maintain a chemical barrier of protection against infections. This narrative review focuses on the vaginal microbiome. It summarizes key findings on how native bacteria protect women from disease or predispose them to damaging inflammatory processes with an emphasis on the role of HPV infections in Latin America, one of the world's regions with the highest cervical cancer prevalence.},
}

@article {pmid38537113,
year = {2024},
author = {Beza-Beza, CF and Wiegmann, BM and Ware, JA and Petersen, M and Gunter, N and Cole, ME and Schwarz, M and Bertone, MA and Young, D and Mikaelyan, A},
title = {Chewing through challenges: Exploring the evolutionary pathways to wood-feeding in insects.},
journal = {BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2300241},
doi = {10.1002/bies.202300241},
pmid = {38537113},
issn = {1521-1878},
abstract = {Decaying wood, while an abundant and stable resource, presents considerable nutritional challenges due to its structural rigidity, chemical recalcitrance, and low nitrogen content. Despite these challenges, certain insect lineages have successfully evolved saproxylophagy (consuming and deriving sustenance from decaying wood), impacting nutrient recycling in ecosystems and carbon sequestration dynamics. This study explores the uneven phylogenetic distribution of saproxylophagy across insects and delves into the evolutionary origins of this trait in disparate insect orders. Employing a comprehensive analysis of gut microbiome data, from both saproxylophagous insects and their non-saproxylophagous relatives, including new data from unexplored wood-feeding insects, this Hypothesis paper discusses the broader phylogenetic context and potential adaptations necessary for this dietary specialization. The study proposes the "Detritivore-First Hypothesis," suggesting an evolutionary pathway to saproxylophagy through detritivory, and highlights the critical role of symbiotic gut microbiomes in the digestion of decaying wood.},
}

@article {pmid38536705,
year = {2024},
author = {Kriaa, A and Mariaule, V and De Rudder, C and Jablaoui, A and Sokol, H and Wilmes, P and Maguin, E and Rhimi, M},
title = {From animal models to gut-on-chip: the challenging journey to capture inter-individual variability in chronic digestive disorders.},
journal = {Gut microbes},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {2333434},
doi = {10.1080/19490976.2024.2333434},
pmid = {38536705},
issn = {1949-0984},
abstract = {Chronic digestive disorders are of increasing incidence worldwide with expensive treatments and no available cure. Available therapeutic schemes mainly rely on symptom relief, with large degrees of variability in patients' response to such treatments, underlining the need for new therapeutic strategies. There are strong indications that the gut microbiota's contribution seems to be a key modulator of disease activity and patients' treatment responses. Hence, efforts have been devoted to understanding host-microbe interactions and the mechanisms underpinning such variability. Animal models, being the gold standard, provide valuable mechanistic insights into host-microbe interactions. However, they are not exempt from limitations prompting the development of alternative methods. Emerging microfluidic technologies and gut-on-chip models were shown to mirror the main features of gut physiology and disease state, reflect microbiota modification, and include functional readouts for studying host responses. In this commentary, we discuss the relevance of animal models in understanding host-microbe interactions and how gut-on-chip technology holds promises for addressing patient variability in responses to chronic digestive disease treatment.},
}

@article {pmid38535570,
year = {2024},
author = {Arnholdt-Schmitt, B and Sircar, D and Aziz, S and Germano, TA and Thiers, KLL and Noceda, C and Bharadwaj, R and Mohanapriya, G and Costa, JH},
title = {Transcriptome Analyses in Adult Olive Trees Indicate Acetaldehyde Release and Cyanide-Mediated Respiration Traits as Critical for Tolerance against Xylella fastidiosa and Suggest AOX Gene Family as Marker for Multiple-Resilience.},
journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/pathogens13030227},
pmid = {38535570},
issn = {2076-0817},
abstract = {Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) is a global bacterial threat for a diversity of plants, including olive trees. However, current understanding of host responses upon Xf-infection is limited to allow early disease prediction, diagnosis, and sustainable strategies for breeding on plant tolerance. Recently, we identified a major complex trait for early de novo programming, named CoV-MAC-TED, by comparing early transcriptome data during plant cell survival with SARS-CoV-2-infected human cells. This trait linked ROS/RNS balancing during first hours of stress perception with increased aerobic fermentation connected to alpha-tubulin-based cell restructuration and control of cell cycle progression. Furthermore, our group had advanced concepts and strategies for breeding on plant holobionts. Here, we studied tolerance against Xf-infection by applying a CoV-MAC-TED-related gene set to (1) progress proof-of-principles, (2) highlight the importance of individual host responses for knowledge gain, (3) benefit sustainable production of Xf-threatened olive, (4) stimulate new thinking on principle roles of secondary metabolite synthesis and microbiota for system equilibration and, (5) advance functional marker development for resilience prediction including tolerance to Xf-infections. We performed hypothesis-driven complex analyses in an open access transcriptome of primary target xylem tissues of naturally Xf-infected olive trees of the Xf-tolerant cv. Leccino and the Xf-susceptible cv. Ogliarola. The results indicated that cyanide-mediated equilibration of oxygen-dependent respiration and carbon-stress alleviation by the help of increased glycolysis-driven aerobic fermentation paths and phenolic metabolism associate to tolerance against Xf. Furthermore, enhanced alternative oxidase (AOX) transcript levels through transcription Gleichschaltung linked to quinic acid synthesis appeared as promising trait for functional marker development. Moreover, the results support the idea that fungal endophytes strengthen Xf-susceptible genotypes, which lack efficient AOX functionality. Overall, this proof-of-principles approach supports the idea that efficient regulation of the multi-functional AOX gene family can assist selection on multiple-resilience, which integrates Xf-tolerance, and stimulates future validation across diverse systems.},
}

@article {pmid38535568,
year = {2024},
author = {Fan, MZ and Kim, SW},
title = {Modulation of Porcine Gut Microbiota and Microbiome: Hologenomic, Dietary, and Endogenous Factors.},
journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/pathogens13030225},
pmid = {38535568},
issn = {2076-0817},
support = {na//the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; Agriculture, Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Swine Innovation Porc (SIP) Swine Cluster Program; and the Metagen Enzyme Corporation. North Carolina Agricultural Foundation (Raleigh, NC, USA) a/ ; },
abstract = {Global pig production contributes to about 35% of the world's meat production and consumption [...].},
}

@article {pmid38534358,
year = {2024},
author = {Andrews, K and Landeryou, T and Sicheritz-Pontén, T and Nale, JY},
title = {Diverse Prophage Elements of Salmonella enterica Serovars Show Potential Roles in Bacterial Pathogenicity.},
journal = {Cells},
volume = {13},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cells13060514},
pmid = {38534358},
issn = {2073-4409},
abstract = {Nontyphoidal salmonellosis is an important foodborne and zoonotic infection that causes significant global public health concern. Diverse serovars are multidrug-resistant and encode several virulence indicators; however, little is known on the role prophages play in driving these traits. Here, we extracted prophages from seventy-five Salmonella genomes which represent the fifteen important serovars in the United Kingdom. We analyzed the intact prophages for the presence of virulence genes and established their genomic relationships. We identified 615 prophages from the Salmonella strains, from which 195 prophages are intact, 332 are incomplete, while 88 are questionable. The average prophage carriage was found to be 'extreme' in S. Heidelberg, S. Inverness, and S. Newport (10.2-11.6 prophages/strain), 'high' in S. Infantis, S. Stanley, S. Typhimurium, and S. Virchow (8.2-9.0 prophages/strain), 'moderate' in S. Agona, S. Braenderup, S. Bovismorbificans, S. Choleraesuis, S. Dublin, and S. Java (6.0-7.8 prophages/strain), and 'low' in S. Javiana and S. Enteritidis (5.8 prophages/strain). Cumulatively, 61 virulence genes (1500 gene copies) were detected from representative intact prophages and linked to Salmonella delivery/secretion system (42.62%), adherence (32.7%), magnesium uptake (3.88%), regulation (5%), stress/survival (1.6%), toxins (10%), and antivirulence (1.6%). Diverse clusters were formed among the intact prophages and with bacteriophages of other enterobacteria, suggesting different lineages and associations. Our work provides a strong body of data to support the contributions diverse prophages make to the pathogenicity of Salmonella, including thirteen previously unexplored serovars.},
}

@article {pmid38529721,
year = {2024},
author = {Pankey, MS and Gochfeld, DJ and Gastaldi, M and Macartney, KJ and Clayshulte Abraham, A and Slattery, M and Lesser, MP},
title = {Phylosymbiosis and metabolomics resolve phenotypically plastic and cryptic sponge species in the genus Agelas across the Caribbean basin.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e17321},
doi = {10.1111/mec.17321},
pmid = {38529721},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {1632333//Division of Ocean Sciences/ ; 1632348//Division of Ocean Sciences/ ; 1638289//Division of Ocean Sciences/ ; 1638296//Division of Ocean Sciences/ ; },
abstract = {Fundamental to holobiont biology is recognising how variation in microbial composition and function relates to host phenotypic variation. Sponges often exhibit considerable phenotypic plasticity and also harbour dense microbial communities that function to protect and nourish hosts. One of the most prominent sponge genera on Caribbean coral reefs is Agelas. Using a comprehensive set of morphological (growth form, spicule), chemical and molecular data on 13 recognised species of Agelas in the Caribbean basin, we were able to define only five species (=clades) and found that many morphospecies designations were incongruent with phylogenomic and population genetic analyses. Microbial communities were also strongly differentiated between phylogenetic species, showing little evidence of cryptic divergence and relatively low correlation with morphospecies assignment. Metagenomic analyses also showed strong correspondence to phylogenetic species, and to a lesser extent, geographical and morphological characters. Surprisingly, the variation in secondary metabolites produced by sponge holobionts was explained by geography and morphospecies assignment, in addition to phylogenetic species, and covaried significantly with a subset of microbial symbionts. Spicule characteristics were highly plastic, under greater impact from geographical location than phylogeny. Our results suggest that while phenotypic plasticity is rampant in Agelas, morphological differences within phylogenetic species affect functionally important ecological traits, including the composition of the symbiotic microbial communities and metabolomic profiles.},
}