@article {pmid39605284,
year = {2024},
author = {Harrison, TL and Stinchcombe, JR and Frederickson, ME},
title = {Elevated rates of molecular evolution genome-wide in mutualist legumes and rhizobia.},
journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/molbev/msae245},
pmid = {39605284},
issn = {1537-1719},
abstract = {Rates of molecular evolution vary greatly among even closely related species. Although theory predicts that antagonistic interactions between species increase rates of molecular evolution, predictions for how mutualism affects evolutionary rates are mixed. We compared rates of molecular evolution between 1) mutualistic and non-mutualistic legumes, 2) an independent set of symbiotic rhizobia and their non-symbiotic close relatives, and 3) symbiotic and non-symbiotic clades within Ensifer, a diverse genus of bacteria with various lifestyles. We assembled transcriptomes de novo for 12 legume species and calculated dN/dS ratios at orthologous genes in all species to determine if genes in mutualistic plants evolve faster or slower than in their non-mutualistic relatives. We also calculated dN/dS ratios in genes known to be important for symbiosis. We found that mutualists have higher rates of molecular evolution genome-wide compared to non-mutualist legumes, but this pattern did not hold in symbiosis genes. We next calculated dN/dS ratios in 14 bacteria species across the proteobacteria phylogeny that differ in whether they associate mutualistically with plants, using published data. In most pairs, symbiotic rhizobia show higher dN/dS values compared to their non-symbiotic relatives. Within a bacterial genus with many well-characterized mutualist species (Ensifer), we calculated dN/dS ratios in symbiotic and non-symbiotic clades and found that symbiotic lineages have higher rates of molecular evolution genome-wide, but not at genes on the symbiotic plasmid pSymB. Our results suggest that although mutualism between legumes and rhizobia is associated with elevated rates of molecular evolution genome-wide, symbiosis genes may be evolutionarily stagnant.},
}
@article {pmid39603566,
year = {2024},
author = {Mojgani, N and Bagheri, M and Ashique, S and Islam, A and Moharrami, M and Modirrousta, H and Hussain, A},
title = {Honeybee defense mechanisms: Role of honeybee gut microbiota and antimicrobial peptides in maintaining colony health and preventing diseases.},
journal = {Microbial pathogenesis},
volume = {198},
number = {},
pages = {107161},
doi = {10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107161},
pmid = {39603566},
issn = {1096-1208},
abstract = {Honeybees play a vital role in pollination and the maintenance of ecosystem biodiversity, making their health and well-being crucial for agriculture and environmental sustainability. Bee health is modulated by symbiotic microorganisms colonizing the gut in balanced proportions. Studies have demonstrated that these beneficial bacteria have the capacity to enhance the immune system of honey bees, having substantial impact on regulating their immunological responses and hence aiding in defending against pathogenic illnesses. Another important aspect of honeybee health is their innate immune system that is related to their ability to synthesize antimicrobial peptides (AMP). AMPs, the small, cationic peptides are the humoral effector molecules that are synthesized in the hemolymph of the insects after being exposed to microbial infectious agents. A number of honeybee's gut microbiota especially Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), are known to regulate the production of several AMPs and hence are able to provide protection to these insects against a number of disease agents by modulating their innate immune response via induction of the AMPs genes. These AMPs mainly produced by adult workers are an important and integral part of an insect's immune response. Several AMPs namely apidaecins, abaecins, hymenoptaecins and defensins produced in the adult honeybee, hold the ability to control or prevent a number of diseases in these pollinator insects.},
}
@article {pmid39603244,
year = {2024},
author = {Dunken, N and Widmer, H and Balcke, GU and Straube, H and Langen, G and Charura, NM and Saake, P and De Quattro, C and Schön, J and Rövenich, H and Wawra, S and Khan, M and Djamei, A and Zurbriggen, MD and Tissier, A and Witte, CP and Zuccaro, A},
title = {A nucleoside signal generated by a fungal endophyte regulates host cell death and promotes root colonization.},
journal = {Cell host & microbe},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.chom.2024.10.020},
pmid = {39603244},
issn = {1934-6069},
abstract = {The intracellular colonization of plant roots by the beneficial fungal endophyte Serendipita indica follows a biphasic strategy, including a host cell death phase that enables successful colonization of Arabidopsis thaliana roots. How host cell death is initiated and controlled is largely unknown. Here, we show that two fungal enzymes, the ecto-5'-nucleotidase SiE5NT and the nuclease SiNucA, act synergistically in the apoplast at the onset of cell death to produce deoxyadenosine (dAdo). The uptake of extracellular dAdo but not the structurally related adenosine activates cell death via the equilibrative nucleoside transporter ENT3. We identified a previously uncharacterized Toll-like interleukin 1 receptor (TIR)-nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR) protein, ISI (induced by S. indica), as an intracellular factor that affects host cell death, fungal colonization, and growth promotion. Our data show that the combined activity of two fungal apoplastic enzymes promotes the production of a metabolite that engages TIR-NLR-modulated pathways to induce plant cell death, providing a link to immunometabolism in plants.},
}
@article {pmid39603112,
year = {2024},
author = {Haro, R and Walunjkar, N and Jorapur, S and Slamovits, CH},
title = {Long-read DNA sequencing reveals the organization of the mitochondrial genome in the early-branching dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina.},
journal = {Protist},
volume = {175},
number = {6},
pages = {126071},
doi = {10.1016/j.protis.2024.126071},
pmid = {39603112},
issn = {1618-0941},
abstract = {The mitochondrial genomes of dinoflagellate protists are remarkable for their highly fragmented and heterogeneous organization. Early attempts to determine their structure without 'next-generation' DNA sequencing failed to recover a defined genome. Still, it coincided in showing that the proteins coding genes, three in total, and parts of the ribosomal RNA genes were spread across a diffuse assortment of small linear fragments. In contrast, a recent study employed Illumina sequencing to assemble a 326 kbp long single-molecule, circular mitochondrial genome in the symbiotic dinoflagellate Breviolum minutum. Here, we used a combination of short- and long-read massively-parallel DNA sequencing to analyze further the mitochondrial DNA of the early-branching dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina. We found that the mitochondrial genome of O. marina consists of 3 linear chromosomes sized 15.9, 33.8 and 40.6 kbp for a total of 90.3 kbp. It contains the cox1, cox3 and cob genes, the same three proteins encoded in the mitochondrion of all myzozoans (Apicomplexa and Dinophyceae), some fragments of ribosomal RNA genes as well as many non-functional gene fragments and extensive noncoding DNA. Our analysis unveiled segments syntenic patterns and rearrangements encompassing coding and non-coding regions, suggesting that recombination is a pervasive process driving the evolution of these genomes.},
}
@article {pmid39603001,
year = {2024},
author = {Gao, X and Chen, J and Ma, Y and Zheng, Y and Bu, Y and Yu, X and Yu, K},
title = {Differential physiological and microbial responses of the octocoral Junceella squamata to high-temperature and cadmium stress.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {204},
number = {},
pages = {106865},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106865},
pmid = {39603001},
issn = {1879-0291},
abstract = {Global warming and heavy metals have become the major threat to the growth and reproduction of corals. However, unlike scleractinian corals, in the context of widespread coral degradation worldwide, there are few reports on the response of octocorallia corals to high-temperature stress and heavy metals. In the present study, we conducted indoor simulation experiments using Junceella squamata. We evaluated the physiological response of these corals under high-temperature stress at 33 °C and cadmium (Cd) stress by comparing the composition and diversity of their symbiotic bacteria and analyzing differences in their transcriptome. The results show that high-temperature stress has more severe adverse effects than cadmium stress. High-temperature stress disrupts coral symbiotic relationships, leading to an increase in alpha diversity associated with disease-causing bacteria, which may increase the risk of infection and potentially contribute to coral mortality. Meanwhile, cadmium stress increases the instability of the coral holobiont, potentially disrupting DNA stability and RNA transcriptional regulation. However, an increase in Cd-tolerant bacteria may help corals respond to cadmium stress. This study reveals the effects of harmful substances on coral and highlights the urgent need for action to protect octocorals in the face of environmental stress.},
}
@article {pmid39602985,
year = {2024},
author = {Gao, X and Chen, J and Yu, K and Bu, Y and Wang, L and Yu, X},
title = {Exposure to polypropylene microplastics induces the upregulation of protein digestion-associated genes and microbiome reorganization in the octocoral Junceella squamata.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {210},
number = {},
pages = {117331},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.117331},
pmid = {39602985},
issn = {1879-3363},
abstract = {Microplastics, a new type of pollutants found in coral reefs, have attracted increasing attention. However, most of the current research focuses on the scleractinian corals and few reports on Octocorallia. To reveal the impact of microplastic exposure on Octocorallia, we analyzed the transcriptional response of the coral hosts Junceella squamata along with changes to the diversity and community structure of its symbiotic bacteria following exposure to polystyrene microplastics. These results suggest that the microplastics have adverse impacts on nutrient metabolism and absorption in J. squamata. The symbiotic bacteria of J. squamata exhibited a clear response after exposure to microplastics, which may also reflect an adaptation mechanism of corals, and help to maintain the physiological function of coral symbiotic function under the exposure of microplastics. This study has revealed the impact of microplastic exposure on J. squamata, providing new insights for coral protection against the background of increased microplastics pollution.},
}
@article {pmid39601429,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, Y and Wang, Y and Zhou, Y and Feng, Y and Sun, T and Xu, J},
title = {Tumor-related fungi and crosstalk with gut fungi in the tumor microenvironment.},
journal = {Cancer biology & medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2024.0240},
pmid = {39601429},
issn = {2095-3941},
support = {82373113 to XJ//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 22-321-31-04 to ST//Shenyang Public Health R&D Special Project/ ; XLYC1907160 to XJ//Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program/ ; YXJL-2020-0941-0752 to ST//Beijing Medical Award Foundation/ ; CORP-239-N27 to CH//Beijing Medical Award Foundation/ ; 320.6750.2020-12-21//Wu Jieping Medical Foundation/ ; 320.6750.2020-6-30 to ST//Wu Jieping Medical Foundation/ ; 202229 to ST//Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities/ ; 202230 to XJ//Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities/ ; },
abstract = {Most studies on the human gut microbiome have focused on the bacterial fraction rather than fungal biomics, which as resulted in an incomplete understanding of the fungal microbiome. Recent advances in microbiota detection and next-generation sequencing technology have boosted an increase in research on fungi. Symbiotic fungi have become increasingly influential in health and disease and modulate various physiologic functions within the host. Fungal infections can result in high morbidity and mortality rates and are life-threatening in some immunocompromised patients. In addition to bacterial dysbiosis, alterations in fungal communities are important and have been linked to many diseases, including asthma, mental illness, and various cancers. When investigating cancer it is imperative to consider the role of fungi alongside viruses and bacteria. This review examined the impact of intestinal fungi and peri-tumor fungi on tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and response to anticancer therapies. The review highlights the specific involvement of some fungal species in cancers include digestive tract tumors such as colorectal, pancreatic, liver, and gastric cancers, as well as non-digestive tract tumors such as lung, melanoma, breast, and ovarian cancers. Furthermore, fungal mechanisms of action, including fungus-host recognition and immune regulation, biofilm formation, toxin and metabolite production in the tumor microenvironment, and the complex effects of fungus-bacteria interactions on tumorigenesis and development, highlight the significance of potential biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and treatment.},
}
@article {pmid39600252,
year = {2024},
author = {Grupstra, CGB and Meyer-Kaiser, KS and Bennett, MJ and Andres, MO and Juszkiewicz, DJ and Fifer, JE and Da-Anoy, JP and Gomez-Campo, K and Martinez-Rugerio, I and Aichelman, HE and Huzar, AK and Hughes, AM and Rivera, HE and Davies, SW},
title = {Holobiont Traits Shape Climate Change Responses in Cryptic Coral Lineages.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {30},
number = {11},
pages = {e17578},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.17578},
pmid = {39600252},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {2048589//The National Science Foundation's Division of Ocean Sciences/ ; 2048678//The National Science Foundation's Division of Ocean Sciences/ ; },
mesh = {*Anthozoa/microbiology/physiology ; Animals ; *Climate Change ; *Coral Reefs ; *Symbiosis ; Microbiota ; Dinoflagellida/physiology ; },
abstract = {As ocean warming threatens reefs worldwide, identifying corals with adaptations to higher temperatures is critical for conservation. Genetically distinct but morphologically similar (i.e. cryptic) coral populations can be specialized to extreme habitats and thrive under stressful conditions. These corals often associate with locally beneficial microbiota (Symbiodiniaceae photobionts and bacteria), obscuring the main drivers of thermal tolerance. Here, we leverage a holobiont (massive Porites) with high fidelity for C15 photobionts to investigate adaptive variation across classic ("typical" conditions) and extreme reefs characterized by higher temperatures and light attenuation. We uncovered three cryptic lineages that exhibit limited micro-morphological variation; one lineage dominated classic reefs (L1), one had more even distributions (L2), and a third was restricted to extreme reefs (L3). L1 and L2 were more closely related to populations ~4300 km away, suggesting that some lineages are widespread. All corals harbored Cladocopium C15 photobionts; L1 and L2 shared a photobiont pool that differed in composition between reef types, yet L3 mostly harbored unique photobiont strains not found in the other lineages. Assemblages of bacterial partners differed among reef types in lineage-specific ways, suggesting that lineages employ distinct microbiome regulation strategies. Analysis of light-harvesting capacity and thermal tolerance revealed adaptive variation underpinning survival in distinct habitats: L1 had the highest light absorption efficiency and lowest thermal tolerance, suggesting that it is a classic reef specialist. L3 had the lowest light absorption efficiency and the highest thermal tolerance, showing that it is an extreme reef specialist. L2 had intermediate light absorption efficiency and thermal tolerance, suggesting that is a generalist lineage. These findings reveal diverging holobiont strategies to cope with extreme conditions. Resolving coral lineages is key to understanding variation in thermal tolerance among coral populations, can strengthen our understanding of coral evolution and symbiosis, and support global conservation and restoration efforts.},
}
@article {pmid39599864,
year = {2024},
author = {Richards, VA and Ferrell, BD and Polson, SW and Wommack, KE and Fuhrmann, JJ},
title = {Soybean Bradyrhizobium spp. Spontaneously Produce Abundant and Diverse Temperate Phages in Culture.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {16},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {39599864},
issn = {1999-4915},
support = {1736030//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Bradyrhizobium/virology ; *Glycine max/virology/microbiology ; *Bacteriophages/isolation & purification/genetics/classification/physiology/ultrastructure ; Lysogeny ; Genome, Viral ; Symbiosis ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; },
abstract = {Soybean bradyrhizobia (Bradyrhizobium spp.) are symbiotic root-nodulating bacteria that fix atmospheric nitrogen for the host plant. The University of Delaware Bradyrhizobium Culture Collection (UDBCC; 353 accessions) was created to study the diversity and ecology of soybean bradyrhizobia. Some UDBCC accessions produce temperate (lysogenic) bacteriophages spontaneously under routine culture conditions without chemical or other apparent inducing agents. Spontaneous phage production may promote horizontal gene transfer and shape bacterial genomes and associated phenotypes. A diverse subset (n = 98) of the UDBCC was examined for spontaneously produced virus-like particles (VLPs) using epifluorescent microscopy, with a majority (69%) producing detectable VLPs (>1 × 10[7] mL[-1]) in laboratory culture. Phages from the higher-producing accessions (>2.0 × 10[8] VLP mL[-1]; n = 44) were examined using transmission electron microscopy. Diverse morphologies were observed, including various tail types and lengths, capsid sizes and shapes, and the presence of collars or baseplates. In many instances, putative extracellular vesicles of a size similar to virions were also observed. Three of the four species examined (B. japonicum, B. elkanii, and B. diazoefficiens) produced apparently tailless phages. All species except B. ottawaense also produced siphovirus-like phages, while all but B. diazoefficiens additionally produced podovirus-like phages. Myovirus-like phages were restricted to B. japonicum and B. elkanii. At least three strains were polylysogens, producing up to three distinct morphotypes. These observations suggest spontaneously produced phages may play a significant role in the ecology and evolution of soybean bradyrhizobia.},
}
@article {pmid39599697,
year = {2024},
author = {Sommermeyer, H and Chmielowiec, K and Bernatek, M and Olszewski, P and Kopczynski, J and Piątek, J},
title = {Results from a Cross-Sectional Observational Study Examining Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients Six Months After Finishing Their Participation in the ViIBS Trial.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {16},
number = {22},
pages = {},
pmid = {39599697},
issn = {2072-6643},
mesh = {Humans ; *Irritable Bowel Syndrome/therapy ; Female ; Male ; *Probiotics/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Middle Aged ; *Synbiotics/administration & dosage ; Severity of Illness Index ; Treatment Outcome ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: A recent clinical (ViIBS) trial investigating the effects of a balanced multi-strain synbiotic in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients showed that twelve weeks of treatment resulted in significant improvements across all major IBS symptoms. The current observational study pursued three aims: investigate patients' attitude towards the intake of pro- or synbiotics during the six months after finishing their trial participation, determine the severity of IBS symptoms, and assess IBS diagnosis scores.<br><br>METHODS: During a single six-month follow-up examination, patients were asked about the intake of probiotics or synbiotics. For the study, former placebo-group patients who abstained from taking probiotics were compared with synbiotic-group patients who continued taking the tested synbiotic. IBS symptom severity was assessed with the IBS-Severity of Symptoms Scale and the IBS diagnosis score with the IBS questionnaire of the World Gastroenterology Organisation.<br><br>RESULTS: The control group comprised 17 patients (out of 70 from the placebo group participating in the follow-up) and the treatment group 75 (out of 91 examined). IBS symptom severity was significantly lower in the treatment group (23.5 &#xb1; 33.1) than in the placebo group (232.6 &#xb1; 35.1). IBS diagnosis scores were 5.9 &#xb1; 2.5 and 21.2 &#xb1; 2.0 in the treatment and control group, respectively.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Measurement values for the treatment group indicate the absence of IBS. The results indicate that the prolonged administration of the balanced multi-strain synbiotic can potentially reduce IBS symptom severity and IBS diagnosis scores to levels indicating the absence of IBS, an observation to be followed up in a controlled clinical trial.},
}
@article {pmid39599453,
year = {2024},
author = {Tang, J and Li, W and Wei, T and Huang, R and Zeng, Z},
title = {Patterns and Mechanisms of Legume Responses to Nitrogen Enrichment: A Global Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {22},
pages = {},
pmid = {39599453},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {31460158, 31760175//the First-Class Discipline Program of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Prevention, Yunnan Province and National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Nitrogen (N), while the most abundant element in the atmosphere, is an essential soil nutrient that limits plant growth. Leguminous plants naturally possess the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen through symbiotic relationships with rhizobia in their root nodules. However, the widespread use of synthetic N fertilizers in modern agriculture has led to N enrichment in soils, causing complex and profound effects on legumes. Amid ongoing debates about how leguminous plants respond to N enrichment, the present study compiles 2174 data points from 162 peer-reviewed articles to analyze the impacts and underlying mechanisms of N enrichment on legumes. The findings reveal that N enrichment significantly increases total legume biomass by 30.9% and N content in plant tissues by 13.2% globally. However, N enrichment also leads to notable reductions, including a 5.8% decrease in root-to-shoot ratio, a 21.2% decline in nodule number, a 29.3% reduction in nodule weight, and a 27.1% decrease in the percentage of plant N derived from N2 fixation (%Ndfa). Legume growth traits and N2-fixing capability in response to N enrichment are primarily regulated by climatic factors, such as mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP), as well as the aridity index (AI) and N fertilizer application rates. Correlation analyses show that plant biomass is positively correlated with MAT, and tissue N content also exhibits a positive correlation with MAT. In contrast, nodule numbers and tissue N content are negatively correlated with N fertilizer application rates, whereas %Ndfa shows a positive correlation with AI and MAP. Under low N addition, the increase in total biomass in response to N enrichment is twice as large as that observed under high N addition. Furthermore, regions at lower elevations with abundant hydrothermal resources are especially favorable for total biomass accumulation, indicating that the responses of legumes to N enrichment are habitat-specific. These results provide scientific evidence for the mechanisms underlying legume responses to N enrichment and offer valuable insights and theoretical references for the conservation and management of legumes in the context of global climate change.},
}
@article {pmid39599197,
year = {2024},
author = {Ramírez Tapias, YA and Rezzani, GD and Delgado, JF and Peltzer, MA and Salvay, AG},
title = {New Materials from the Integral Milk Kefir Grain Biomass and the Purified Kefiran: The Role of Glycerol Content on the Film's Properties.},
journal = {Polymers},
volume = {16},
number = {22},
pages = {},
pmid = {39599197},
issn = {2073-4360},
support = {PICT 2021-92//Agencia Nacional de Promoci&#xf3;n Cient&#xed;fica y Tecnol&#xf3;gica (Argentina)/ ; PUNQ R 990/19 Expte: 827-1300/19//Universidad Nacional de Quilmes (Argentina)/ ; },
abstract = {Microbial exopolymers are gaining attention as sources for the development of biodegradable materials. Milk kefir, a fermented dairy product produced by a symbiotic community of microorganisms, generates milk kefir grains as a by-product, consisting of the polysaccharide kefiran and proteins. This study develops two materials, one from whole milk kefir grains and another from purified kefiran. Film-forming dispersions were subjected to ultrasonic homogenisation and thermal treatment, yielding homogeneous dispersions. Kefiran dispersion exhibited lower pseudoplastic behaviour and higher viscous consistency, with minimal effects from glycerol. Both films exhibited continuous and homogeneous microstructures, with kefiran films being transparent and milk kefir films displaying a yellowish tint. Analysis revealed that milk kefir films comprised approximately 30% proteins and 70% kefiran. Kefiran films demonstrated stronger interpolymeric interactions, as evidenced using thermogravimetric and mechanical tests. Glycerol increased hydration while decreasing thermal stability, glass transition temperature, elastic modulus, and tensile strength in both films. However, in kefiran films, elongation at the break and water vapour permeability decreased at low glycerol content, followed by an increase at higher plasticiser contents. This suggests an unusual interaction between glycerol and kefiran in the absence of proteins. These findings underscore differences between materials derived from the whole by-product and purified kefiran, offering insights into their potential applications.},
}
@article {pmid39598283,
year = {2024},
author = {Mederle, AL and Dima, M and Stoicescu, ER and Căpăstraru, BF and Levai, CM and Hațegan, OA and Maghiari, AL},
title = {Impact of Gut Microbiome Interventions on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Metabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {39598283},
issn = {2075-1729},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as a key player in metabolic health, influencing glucose and lipid metabolism through various mechanisms. However, the efficacy of gut microbiota-targeted interventions, such as probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and diet-based treatments, remains unclear for specific metabolic outcomes. In this study, the aim was to evaluate the impact of these interventions on the glucose and lipid parameters in individuals with metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, and metabolic syndrome.<br><br>METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis included 41 randomized controlled trials that investigated the effects of gut microbiota-targeted treatments on metabolic parameters such as fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides. A comprehensive search was conducted using databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, focusing on interventions targeting the gut microbiota. A meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models, with effect sizes calculated for each outcome. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.<br><br>RESULTS: Gut microbiota-targeted interventions significantly reduced fasting glucose, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglycerides, with moderate heterogeneity observed across studies. The interventions also led to modest increases in HDL-C levels. Probiotic and synbiotic interventions showed the most consistent benefits in improving both glucose and lipid profiles, while FMT yielded mixed results. Short-term interventions showed rapid microbial shifts but less pronounced metabolic improvements, whereas longer-term interventions had more substantial metabolic benefits.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In this study, it is demonstrated that gut microbiota-targeted interventions can improve key metabolic outcomes, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for managing metabolic diseases. However, the effectiveness of these interventions varies depending on the type, duration, and population characteristics, highlighting the need for further long-term studies to assess the sustained effects of microbiota modulation on metabolic health.},
}
@article {pmid39597725,
year = {2024},
author = {Essadki, Y and Hilmi, A and Cascajosa-Lira, A and Girão, M and Darrag, EM and Martins, R and Romane, A and El Amrani Zerrifi, S and Mugani, R and Tazart, Z and Redouane, EM and Jos, A and Cameán, AM and Vasconcelos, V and Campos, A and El Khalloufi, F and Oudra, B and Barakate, M and Carvalho, MF},
title = {In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Volatile Compounds from the Lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf. Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Fish Pathogens.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {39597725},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {TOXICROP project (H2020-823860)//TOXICROP project (H2020-823860)/ ; CEECIND/02968/2017//FCT/ ; UIDB/04423/2020//FCT European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and Fundo Social Europeu/ ; PID2023-147444OB-I00//MICIU/AEI/ ; 2019-345 01247//FPU/ ; },
abstract = {Lichens are symbiotic organisms with unique secondary metabolism. Various metabolites from lichens have shown antimicrobial activity. Nevertheless, very few studies have investigated the antimicrobial potential of the volatile compounds they produce. This study investigates the chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of volatile compounds from Pseudevernia furfuracea collected in two regions of Morocco. Hydrodistillation was used to obtain volatile compounds from samples collected in the High Atlas and Middle Atlas. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified phenolic cyclic compounds as the primary constituents, with atraric acid and chloroatranol being the most abundant. Additionally, eight compounds were detected in lichens for the first time. The antimicrobial activity of these compounds was assessed using disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Both samples demonstrated significant antimicrobial effects against multidrug-resistant human bacteria, reference microorganisms, fish pathogens, and Candida albicans, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 1000 µg/mL to 31.25 µg/mL. This study provides the first report on the volatile compounds from Pseudevernia furfuracea and their antimicrobial effects, particularly against fish pathogens, suggesting their potential as novel antimicrobial agents for human and veterinary use. Further research is warranted to explore these findings in more detail.},
}
@article {pmid39597722,
year = {2024},
author = {Khalil, M and Di Ciaula, A and Mahdi, L and Jaber, N and Di Palo, DM and Graziani, A and Baffy, G and Portincasa, P},
title = {Unraveling the Role of the Human Gut Microbiome in Health and Diseases.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms12112333},
pmid = {39597722},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {The human gut is a complex ecosystem that supports billions of living species, including bacteria, viruses, archaea, phages, fungi, and unicellular eukaryotes. Bacteria give genes and enzymes for microbial and host-produced compounds, establishing a symbiotic link between the external environment and the host at both the gut and systemic levels. The gut microbiome, which is primarily made up of commensal bacteria, is critical for maintaining the healthy host's immune system, aiding digestion, synthesizing essential nutrients, and protecting against pathogenic bacteria, as well as influencing endocrine, neural, humoral, and immunological functions and metabolic pathways. Qualitative, quantitative, and/or topographic shifts can alter the gut microbiome, resulting in dysbiosis and microbial dysfunction, which can contribute to a variety of noncommunicable illnesses, including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, and irritable bowel syndrome. While most evidence to date is observational and does not establish direct causation, ongoing clinical trials and advanced genomic techniques are steadily enhancing our understanding of these intricate interactions. This review will explore key aspects of the relationship between gut microbiota, eubiosis, and dysbiosis in human health and disease, highlighting emerging strategies for microbiome engineering as potential therapeutic approaches for various conditions.},
}
@article {pmid39597685,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, K and Chen, X and Shi, X and Yang, Z and Yang, L and Liu, D and Yu, F},
title = {Endophytic Bacterial Community, Core Taxa, and Functional Variations Within the Fruiting Bodies of Laccaria.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms12112296},
pmid = {39597685},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {202205AD160036//the Yunnan Technology Innovation/ ; 42077072//the National Natural Science Foundation of Management Practices China/ ; },
abstract = {Macrofungi do not exist in isolation but establish symbiotic relationships with microorganisms, particularly bacteria, within their fruiting bodies. Herein, we examined the fruiting bodies' bacteriome of seven species of the genus Laccaria collected from four locations in Yunnan, China. By analyzing bacterial diversity, community structure, and function through 16S rRNA sequencing, we observed the following: (1) In total, 4,840,291 high-quality bacterial sequences obtained from the fruiting bodies were grouped into 16,577 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), and all samples comprised 23 shared bacterial ASVs. (2) The Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium complex was found to be the most abundant and presumably coexisting bacterium. (3) A network analysis revealed that endophytic bacteria formed functional groups, which were dominated by the genera Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium, Novosphingobium, and Variovorax. (4) The diversity, community structure, and dominance of ecological functions (chemoheterotrophy and nitrogen cycling) among endophytic bacteria were significantly shaped by geographic location, habitat, and fungal genotype, rather than fruiting body type. (5) A large number of the endophytic bacteria within Laccaria are bacteria that promote plant growth; however, some pathogenic bacteria that pose a threat to human health might also be present. This research advances our understanding of the microbial ecology of Laccaria and the factors shaping its endophytic bacterial communities.},
}
@article {pmid39597519,
year = {2024},
author = {Xu, H and Wang, L and Zhu, M and Chen, X},
title = {Epiphytic Fungi Can Drive a Trade-Off Between Pathogen and Herbivore Resistance in Invasive Ipomoea cairica.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms12112130},
pmid = {39597519},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {B2022242//Science Research Project of Educational Bureau of Hubei Province, China/ ; },
abstract = {Trade-offs between different defense traits exist commonly in plants. However, no evidence suggests that symbiotic microbes can drive a trade-off between plant pathogen and herbivore defense. The present study aims to investigate whether the mixture of epiphytic Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium fujikuroi can drive the trade-off between the two defense traits in invasive Ipomoea cairica. Surface-sterilized I. cairica cuttings pre-inoculated with the epiphytic fungal mixture served as an epiphyte-inoculated (E+) group, while cuttings sprayed with sterile PDB served as an epiphyte-free (E-) group. After 3 days of incubation, E+ and E- cuttings were subjected to the challenge from a fungal pathogen and an insect herbivore, respectively. The results suggested that E+ cuttings had less rotted and yellowed leaf rates per plant than E- cuttings after Colletotrichum gloeosporioides infection. On the contrary, E+ cuttings had higher absolute and relative fresh weight losses per leaf than E- cuttings after Taiwania circumdata introduction. In the absence of challenges from the two natural enemies, salicylic acid and H2O2 accumulation occurred in E+ cuttings, which activated their SA-dependent pathogen defense and resulted in an increase in chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activities. Although jasmonic acid accumulation also occurred in E+ cuttings, their JA-dependent herbivore defense responses were antagonized by SA signaling, leading to a decrease in total phenol content and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity. The activity of generalized defense enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase, did not differ between E+ and E- cuttings. Together, our findings indicate that a trade-off between pathogen and herbivore defense in I. cairica had already been driven by the epiphytic fungal mixture before the challenge by the two natural enemies. This study provides a novel insight into biocontrol strategies for I. cairica.},
}
@article {pmid39597516,
year = {2024},
author = {Morales-Ruiz, E and Islas-Flores, T and Villanueva, MA},
title = {BiP Proteins from Symbiodiniaceae: A "Shocking" Story.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms12112126},
pmid = {39597516},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {More than four decades ago, the discovery of a companion protein of immunoglobulins in myeloma cells and soon after, of their ability to associate with heavy chains, made the term immunoglobulin binding protein (BiP) emerge, prompting a tremendous amount of effort to understand their versatile cellular functions. BiPs belong to the heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 family and are crucial for protein folding and cellular stress responses. While extensively studied in model organisms such as Chlamydomonas, their roles in dinoflagellates, especially in photosynthetic Symbiodiniaceae, remain largely underexplored. Given the importance of Symbiodiniaceae-cnidarian symbiosis, critical for the sustaining of coral reef ecosystems, understanding the contribution of Hsps to stress resilience is essential; however, most studies have focused on Hsps in general but none on BiPs. Moreover, despite the critical role of light in the physiology of these organisms, research on light effects on BiPs from Symbiodiniaceae has also been limited. This review synthesizes the current knowledge from the literature and sequence data, which reveals a high degree of BiP conservation at the gene, protein, and structural levels in Symbiodiniaceae and other dinoflagellates. Additionally, we show the existence of a potential link between circadian clocks and BiP regulation, which would add another level of regulatory complexity. The evolutionary relationship among dinoflagellates overall suggests conserved functions and regulatory mechanisms, albeit expecting confirmation by experimental validation. Finally, our analysis also highlights the significant knowledge gap and underscores the need for further studies focusing on gene and protein regulation, promoter architecture, and structural conservation of Symbiodiniaceae and dinoglagellate BiPs in general. These will deepen our understanding of the role of BiPs in the Symbiodiniaceae-cnidarian interactions and dinoflagellate physiology.},
}
@article {pmid39597510,
year = {2024},
author = {Meng, M and Ren, B and Yu, J and Li, D and Li, H and Li, J and Yang, J and Bai, L and Feng, Y},
title = {Cenchrus spinifex Invasion Alters Soil Nitrogen Dynamics and Competition.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms12112120},
pmid = {39597510},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {2023YFC2604500//National Key R&amp;D Program/ ; 2021M693865//China Postdoctoral Science Foundation/ ; LJKZ0638//Liaoning Provincial Scientific Research Fund/ ; LJKMZ20221020//Liaoning Provincial Scientific Research Fund/ ; },
abstract = {Invasive plants often alter biological soil conditions to increase their own competitiveness. Through indoor simulated nitrogen deposition culture experiments, we investigated the differences in growth indicators and nutrient content levels between the invasive plant Cenchrus spinifex Cav. and the native symbiotic plant Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. under diverse nitrogen application modes and planting-competition ratios. Furthermore, we examined the alterations in key microbial communities involved in soil nitrogen cycling of C. spinifex. The results indicated that the invasion of C. spinifex could inhibit the growth of native plants, and in fact altered the accumulation and transformation processes related to soil nitrogen, resulting in reduced rates of soil nitrogen transformation. The overarching aim of this research was to construct a theoretical foundation for the scientific comprehension of the invasion mechanisms of C. spinifex, in order to better prevent the further spread of this invasive plant and mitigate its pernicious impact on the current environment.},
}
@article {pmid39596308,
year = {2024},
author = {Kametani, M and Nagasawa, Y and Usuda, M and Kaneki, A and Ogawa, M and Shojima, K and Yamazaki, H and Tokumoto, K and Matsuoka, D and Suehara, K and Suehiro, Y and Akitomo, T and Mitsuhata, C and Misaki, T and Ito, S and Naka, S and Matsumoto-Nakano, M and Nakano, K and Kishimoto, H and Shinmura, K and Nomura, R},
title = {Relationship Between the Presence of Red Complex Species and the Distribution of Other Oral Bacteria, Including Major Periodontal Pathogens in Older Japanese Individuals.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {22},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms252212243},
pmid = {39596308},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {21K08242//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Aged ; *Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolation &amp; purification/genetics/pathogenicity ; Male ; Female ; *Tannerella forsythia/isolation &amp; purification/genetics/pathogenicity ; *Treponema denticola/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; Japan ; Middle Aged ; Mouth/microbiology ; Periodontal Diseases/microbiology ; Microbiota ; Aged, 80 and over ; Dental Plaque/microbiology ; East Asian People ; },
abstract = {Red complex bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia) have high virulence in periodontal disease. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the detailed symbiotic relationships between the red complex and other oral bacteria in older Japanese individuals. Polymerase chain reaction was performed using dental plaque from 116 subjects and specific primers for ten periodontal pathogens. The detection rate of Prevotella intermedia and Capnocytophaga sputigena was significantly higher in P. gingivalis-positive subjects than in P. gingivalis-negative subjects (p < 0.05). The detection rate of Campylobacter rectus, Prevotella nigrescens, Capnocytophaga ochracea, and Eikenella corrodens was significantly higher in T. forsythia-positive subjects than in T. forsythia-negative subjects (p < 0.01). In a comprehensive analysis of oral microbiomes, three red complex species-positive subjects had significantly higher α-diversity than only P. gingivalis-positive subjects (p < 0.05) and had significantly lower β-diversity than only T. forsythia-positive subjects (p < 0.01). In the taxonomy analysis, Porphyromonas was significantly higher in three red complex species-positive subjects than in only P. gingivalis-positive and only T. forsythia-positive subjects (p < 0.01). These results suggest that each red complex species forms a unique oral microbiome and individuals positive for all red complex bacteria may harbor oral bacteria that confer a significant advantage in developing periodontal disease.},
}
@article {pmid39596264,
year = {2024},
author = {Qadir, M and Iqbal, A and Hussain, A and Hussain, A and Shah, F and Yun, BW and Mun, BG},
title = {Exploring Plant-Bacterial Symbiosis for Eco-Friendly Agriculture and Enhanced Resilience.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {22},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms252212198},
pmid = {39596264},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {//The study was funded by the Research &amp; Innovation Fund (RIF) of Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan to Adil Hussain./ ; },
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; *Agriculture/methods ; Endophytes/physiology ; Bacteria/metabolism/growth &amp; development ; Plants/microbiology/metabolism ; Stress, Physiological ; Crops, Agricultural/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; Microbiota ; Plant Development ; },
abstract = {This review explores the intricate relationship between plants and bacterial endophytes, revealing their multifaceted roles in promoting plant growth, resilience, and defense mechanisms. By selectively shaping their microbiome, plants harness diverse endophytic bacterial strains to enhance nutrient absorption, regulate hormones, mitigate damage, and contribute to overall plant health. The review underscores the potential of bacterial endophytes in self-sustaining agricultural systems, offering solutions to reduce reliance on fertilizers and pesticides. Additionally, the review highlights the importance of endophytes in enhancing plant tolerance to various environmental stresses, such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and heavy metal toxicity. The review emphasizes the significance of understanding and harnessing the mutualistic relationship between plants and endophytes for maximizing agricultural yields and promoting sustainable farming practices.},
}
@article {pmid39596021,
year = {2024},
author = {Guo, W and Lu, Y and Du, S and Li, Q and Zou, X and Zhang, Z and Sui, L},
title = {Endophytic Colonization of Beauveria bassiana Enhances Drought Stress Tolerance in Tomato via "Water Spender" Pathway.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {22},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms252211949},
pmid = {39596021},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {20230203175SF and 20230508011RC//Jilin Provincial Scientifc and Technological Development Program/ ; },
mesh = {*Solanum lycopersicum/microbiology/growth &amp; development/physiology/metabolism ; *Beauveria/physiology ; *Droughts ; *Stress, Physiological ; *Endophytes/physiology ; *Water/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Plant Leaves/microbiology/metabolism ; Seedlings/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; Plant Stomata/physiology/microbiology ; Plant Roots/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; },
abstract = {Drought stress is one of the most important climate-related factors affecting crop production. Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are economically important crops which are highly sensitive to drought. The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, a widely used biological insecticide, can form symbiotic relationships with plants via endophytic colonization, increasing plant biomass and the ability to resist biotic stress. Under simulated drought stress conditions, the biomass of tomato seedlings such as plant height, root length, stem diameter, fresh weight, and relative water content, as well as the density and size of stomata in tomato leaves were significantly increased after B. bassiana colonization via root irrigation (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the physicochemical properties associated with drought resistance such as peroxidase activity and proline content increased significantly (p < 0.05), while malondialdehyde reduced significantly (p < 0.05), and the expression levels of key genes related to stomatal development and drought tolerance pathways increased significantly (p < 0.05). These results indicate that the colonization of B. bassiana enhances the water absorption capacity of tomato seedlings and the rate of transpiration significantly and increases drought tolerance in tomato via the "water spender" pathway, which provides a new strategy for improving crop resistance to drought stress.},
}
@article {pmid39595894,
year = {2024},
author = {Kapoula, Z and Aakash, G and Rèmi, G and Bauwens, A and Martiat, B and Leonard, V},
title = {Lasting Deficiencies in Vergence Eye Movements in Patients with Peripheral or Central Vertigo: Improvements After Four Sessions of REMOBI Neurotraining and Associated Functional Benefits.},
journal = {Brain sciences},
volume = {14},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/brainsci14111131},
pmid = {39595894},
issn = {2076-3425},
abstract = {The vestibular function is in synergism with the oculomotor vergence. Vertigo may be related to vergence disorders and conversely, vestibular pathologies may affect vergence. To consolidate this hypothesis, we conducted a study at the vestibular orthoptic clinic of the Bastogne Hospital. Fourteen patients with vertigo history appearing 2 weeks to 8 years ago, aged 30 to 65 years were studied; at the moment of the eye movement study, no patient had acute attack of vertigo. The origin of vertigo varied (Meniere's disease, organic pathology, sensitivity to visual movement). An assessment with objective measurement of vergence (single-step protocol) was carried out with the REMOBI technology coupled with binocular video-oculography in sitting and standing positions. Four neuro-rehabilitation sessions of vergence eye movements were performed with the double-step in-depth protocol, alternating sitting and standing positions to involve different postural and vestibular functions. An assessment of vergence was done again 1 to 2 months later. The initial assessment revealed problems of magnitude and/or speed or variability of vergence for 11 of the patients relative to controls (published by the group in previous studies). After neuro-rehabilitation, an improvement was observed in eight patients. Patients reported a clear improvement of their self confidence in moving in the space. Posture measures done before rehabilitation comparing eyes fixating or closed or while making near-far vergence eye movements indicated lower medio-lateral acceleration when doing vergence eye movements in patients with vertigo history of functional origin. The results are in favor of the hypothesis of a symbiosis between vergence and vestibular function and the interest of diagnosis and rehabilitation of the vergence disorder in patients with vertigo history in the absence of acute vertigo attack.},
}
@article {pmid39595236,
year = {2024},
author = {Lin, SW and Shelomi, M},
title = {Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Microbiome and Microbe Interactions: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {14},
number = {22},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ani14223183},
pmid = {39595236},
issn = {2076-2615},
abstract = {Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens, BSF) is farmed worldwide to convert organic waste into usable biomaterials. Studies on the larval microbiome have been carried out to check for symbiotic or pathogenic microbes and their respective functions and fates. Some studies tested these microbes for industrial applications, while others tested the effects of exogenous microbes as probiotics or for substrate pre-processing to improve larval fitness, bioconversion rates, or nutritional qualities. This review examined all peer-reviewed literature on these topics to consolidate many disparate findings together. It followed the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews. The results found no evidence of globally conserved core microbes, as diet strongly correlated with gut microbiome, but some genera appeared most frequently in BSF larval guts worldwide regardless of diet. The gut microbes undoubtably assist in digestion, including pathogen suppression, and so microbial probiotics show promise for future investigations. However, the common gut microbes have not been explored as probiotics themselves, which would be a promising direction for future work. The impacts of BSF bioconversion on pathogens varied, so each rearing facility should investigate and manage their pathogen risks independently. The data summarized in this study provide useful reference points for future investigations into BSF-microbe interactions.},
}
@article {pmid39594493,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, Z and Wong, NK and Mao, F and Wu, S and Yi, W and Yu, Z and Zhang, Y},
title = {Carnosine Synthase (TsATPGD) Alleviates Lipid Peroxidation Under Transcriptional Control by an Nfe2-like Gene in Tridacna Squamosa.},
journal = {Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/antiox13111351},
pmid = {39594493},
issn = {2076-3921},
support = {42449303, 32073002, U22A20533, 22107045//National Science Foundation of China/ ; 2022YFD2400301//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 2023QNRC001//Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST/ ; 2024A04J6278, 2023A04J0096//Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China/ ; 510858044//Li Ka-Shing Foundation at Shantou University Medical College/ ; 2024LKSFG01//Li Ka-Shing Founda-tion STU-GTIIT Joint-research Grant/ ; E010221005//Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen/ ; CFA202201006//Cooperation Fund of CHCAMS and SZCH/ ; },
abstract = {As an important mollusk in reef ecosystems, Tridacna squamosa forms pro-survival symbiotic relationships that hinge on an exquisite redox equilibrium between the host and the photosynthetic symbiont, zooxanthellae. The exact regulatory mechanisms thereof remain poorly understood. In this study, a novel Nfe2-like transcription factor in T. squamosa was identified and characterized with respect to its antioxidant and cytoprotective roles. Gene structure and phylogenetic analysis reveal that T. squamosa possesses a single transcription factor TsNfe2l in contrast to mammalian Nfe2l1 (Nrf1) and Nfe2l2 (Nrf2), belonging to protein members of the bZIP-NFE2 subfamily and functionally resembling the mammalian Nfe2l1. A conserved bZIP domain permits its binding to the antioxidant response element (ARE) in vitro and in HEK293T cells. Further analyses such as promoter prediction suggest that TsNfe2l target genes engage mainly in the regulation of multiple enzymes involved in antioxidation and allied pathways. Notably, TsNfe2l transcriptionally upregulates carnosine synthase (TsATPGD), which subsequently produces L-carnosine abundantly to shield cells from oxidative damage. Moreover, the blockage of TsNfe2l nucleic acid binding reduced the expression of TsATPGD and L-carnosine content in the gill, resulting in elevated lipid peroxidation. Collectively, our findings establish novel molecular insight into TsNfe2l as a critical regulator of redox homeostasis in T. squamosa through carnosine synthesis.},
}
@article {pmid39594465,
year = {2024},
author = {Chou, YC and Lin, HW and Wang, CY and Hsieh, CC and Santoso, SP and Lin, SP and Cheng, KC},
title = {Enhancing Antioxidant Benefits of Kombucha Through Optimized Glucuronic Acid by Selected Symbiotic Fermentation Culture.},
journal = {Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/antiox13111323},
pmid = {39594465},
issn = {2076-3921},
support = {MOST109-2628-E-002-007-MY3//Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan/ ; MOST110-2221-E-038-003-MY3//Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan/ ; NSTC 113-2321-B-002-037//Chung Shan Medical University/ ; },
abstract = {Kombucha, a functional beverage rich in glucuronic acid, is fermented in the presence of acetic acid bacteria and yeast as the primary microorganisms. Glucuronic acid is recognized for its various physiological benefits, such as detoxification, antioxidation, and anti-inflammation. To optimize the glucuronic acid content in kombucha, various strain combinations by selecting fermented sources were accomplished. According to the experimental results, kombucha produced through co-fermentation with Pichia anomala and Komagataeibacter hansenii, with glucose-added black tea as the carbon source, exhibited the highest glucuronic acid production. A response surface methodology found that under optimized conditions of a 12.27% (w/v) carbon source concentration, a 10.07% (w/v) substrate concentration, and a 28.4 °C temperature, the highest glucuronic acid production reached 80.16 g/L, which represented a 2.39-fold increase compared to the original kombucha. Furthermore, the total polyphenol content increased by 3.87-fold, while DPPH and ABTS free radical-scavenging capacities increased by 1.86- and 2.22-fold, respectively. To sum up, these observations reveal the potential for commercial production of glucuronic acid-enriched kombucha and contribute to the development of functional food products related to kombucha in the future.},
}
@article {pmid39593317,
year = {2024},
author = {Su, Y and Cui, Z and Yang, X and Jiang, Y and Zhang, W and Zhang, Y and Man, C},
title = {Lactobacillus paracasei JY062 and its exopolysaccharide enhance the intestinal barrier through macrophage polarization and Th17/Treg cell balance.},
journal = {Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)},
volume = {197},
number = {Pt 1},
pages = {115235},
doi = {10.1016/j.foodres.2024.115235},
pmid = {39593317},
issn = {1873-7145},
mesh = {Animals ; *Th17 Cells/immunology/metabolism ; *T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology/drug effects/metabolism ; Caco-2 Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; *Colitis, Ulcerative/therapy/chemically induced/immunology ; *Macrophages/drug effects/metabolism/immunology ; *Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism/drug effects ; Male ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial/pharmacology ; Dextran Sulfate ; Disease Models, Animal ; Probiotics/pharmacology ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mucin-2/metabolism/genetics ; Colon/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an immune-mediated intestinal disease without a comprehensive cure, and the alleviation of UC has become an urgent problem. The results showed that JY062 with its EPS group (JEC) alleviated the intestinal barrier damage caused by LPS. After JEC intervention on Caco-2 cells, resulted in upregulation of ZO-1, Claudin-1, Occludin and MUC2 transcript levels and decreased mRNA expression of Claudin-2 (p < 0.05). JEC effectively attenuated the inflammatory response in UC mice and restoration of immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgM and IgA), which resulted in shortening and swelling of the colon, disappearance of goblet cells, infiltration of inflammatory cells and mucosal damage were alleviated in mice. Similarly, changes in the expression of MUC2 and tight junction proteins after JEC intervention also occurred in UC mice. Administration of JEC significantly inhibited the differentiation of pro-inflammatory Th17 cells in the thymus and peripheral blood, promoted the differentiation of CD4+ T cells to Treg cells, and effectively regulated DSS-induced macrophage imbalance, which was manifested by the polarization of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages to anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. This study clearly demonstrates that JEC could significantly prevent intestinal barrier on DSS-induced experimental colitis and could be applied as a potential symbiotic strategy to assist in the alleviation of UC.},
}
@article {pmid39593250,
year = {2024},
author = {Vannuchi, N and Jamar, G and de Rosso, VV and Pisani, LP},
title = {Dose-dependent effects of anthocyanin-rich extracts on obesity-induced inflammation and gut microbiota modulation.},
journal = {BioFactors (Oxford, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/biof.2144},
pmid = {39593250},
issn = {1872-8081},
support = {307305/2023-6//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; 307338/2018-5//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; 2022/12936-0//S&#xe3;o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)/ ; },
abstract = {Obesity and its associated inflammatory state pose a significant health burden. Anthocyanins, bioactive compounds found in fruits and vegetables, have garnered interest in their potential to attenuate these conditions. Understanding the dose-dependent response of anthocyanins is essential for optimizing their therapeutic potential in preventing and managing obesity. This comprehensive review explores the current knowledge on the dose-dependent effects of anthocyanins on obesity in both human and animal models, analyzing the structure and mechanism of absorption of these compounds. The article also highlights the diverse mechanisms underlying anthocyanin action, the symbiosis between anthocyanins and gut microbiota impacting metabolite production, influencing diverse health outcomes, modulating cytokines, and activating anti-inflammatory pathways. Additionally, their impact on energy metabolism and lipid regulation is discussed, highlighting potential contributions to weight management through AMPK and PPARγ pathways. Despite promising results, dose-dependent effects are fundamental considerations, with some studies indicating less favorable outcomes at higher doses. Future research should focus on optimizing dosages, accounting for individual responses, and translating findings into effective clinical applications for obesity management.},
}
@article {pmid39592078,
year = {2024},
author = {Kong, D and Cui, L and Wang, X and Wo, J and Xiong, F},
title = {Fungus-derived opine enhances plant photosynthesis.},
journal = {Journal of advanced research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jare.2024.11.029},
pmid = {39592078},
issn = {2090-1224},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Plant-fungal interactions stimulate endophytic fungi to produce a plethora of metabolites that enhance plant growth and improve stress resistance. Opines, naturally occurring compounds formed through the condensation of amino acids with α-keto acids or sugars, have diverse biological functions and are mainly present in bacteria. Interestingly, investigations have revealed the presence of opine synthases (OSases) in fungal species as well, and their functions are yet to be studied.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to investigate the occurrence of OSases in fungal species, identify their products, and characterize the potential biological activity of the metabolites.<br><br>METHODS: We identified a putative class of OSases in fungi through sequence similarity network (SSN) analysis. The function of these enzymes was elucidated using methods including protein heterologous expression, in vitro biochemical characterization, in vivo gene knock-out, as well as product isolation and identification. Additionally, we conducted plant activity testing on the secondary metabolites through foliar spraying and performed transcriptomic analysis to uncover their functions.<br><br>RESULTS: A quarter of the PF18631 family members, which contain the C-terminal helical bundle domain of cucumopine synthase, are derived from endophytic fungi. Some of these enzymes catalyze the synthesis of tryptopine A (1-acetyl-3-carboxy-&#x3b2;-carboline) by condensing L-tryptophan and methylglyoxal. The tryptopine A can act as a growth regulator, promoting plant growth and transcriptionally reprogramming photosynthesis-related pathways, while enhancing the rate of plant photosynthesis by 25&#x202f;%.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that tryptopine A plays a crucial role as a signaling molecule in the establishment and maintenance of mutualistic associations between endophytic fungi and host plants, thereby enhancing our comprehension of fungal-plant symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39591743,
year = {2024},
author = {Napitupulu, TP},
title = {Agricultural relevance of fungal mycelial growth-promoting bacteria: Mutual interaction and application.},
journal = {Microbiological research},
volume = {290},
number = {},
pages = {127978},
doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2024.127978},
pmid = {39591743},
issn = {1618-0623},
abstract = {Bacterial-fungal interaction (BFI) is found ubiquitously and plays important roles in various environmental settings, thus being responsible for numerous biophysical and chemical processes in nature. In terms of BFI, the capacity of the bacterium to enhance the growth of fungal mycelia is an indication of the roles of the bacterium in mutualistic interaction, since increasing mycelial growth results in higher changes for fungal establishment. In this review, the interaction between mycelial growth-promoting bacterium (MGPB) and its fungal counterpart in agricultural settings and the promotion of mycelial growth as an outcome of mutual interactions in various environmental niches were evaluated. The beneficial relationships included endohyphal interaction, association of bacteria with mushrooms, bacteria-mycorrhizae symbiosis, and geomicrobiology. Furthermore, the mode of interaction between MGPB and their fungal counterparts was also explained. There are two fundamental modes of interaction involved, namely physical interaction and chemical interaction. The first involved endosymbiosis and bacterial attachment, while the latter comprised quorum sensing, volatile metabolites, enzymatic activity, and chemotaxis. Particularly, the growth stimulants secreted by the bacteria, which promote the growth of hyphae, are discussed thoroughly. Moreover, the chance of trade-off metabolites between fungi and their MGPBs as a consequence of mutualistic interaction will also be observed. Finally, the agricultural relevance of BFI, particularly the relation between fungi and MGPBs, will also be provided, including key technologies and future bioprospects for optimum application.},
}
@article {pmid39591529,
year = {2024},
author = {Weber, PK and Debliqui, M and Defouilloy, C and Mayali, X and Liu, MC and Hestrin, R and Pett-Ridge, J and Stuart, R and Morris, M and Ramon, C and Jorgens, DM and Zalpuri, R and Arnoldi, L and Farcy, J and Saquet, N and Vitcher Fichou, S and Renaud, L and Thomen, A},
title = {The NanoSIMS-HR: The Next Generation of High Spatial Resolution Dynamic SIMS.},
journal = {Analytical chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.analchem.4c03091},
pmid = {39591529},
issn = {1520-6882},
abstract = {The high lateral resolution and sensitivity of the NanoSIMS 50 and 50L series of dynamic SIMS instruments have enabled numerous scientific advances over the past 25 years. Here, we report on the NanoSIMS-HR, the first major upgrade to the series, and analytical tests in a suite of sample types, including an aluminum sample containing silicon crystals, microalgae, and plant roots colonized with a symbiotic fungus. Significant improvements have been made in the Cs[+] ion source, high voltage (HV) control, stage reproducibility, and other aspects of the instrument that affect performance. The modified design of the NanoSIMS-HR thermal-ionization Cs[+] source enables a 5 pA primary ion beam to be focused into a 100 nm spot, a ∼2.5-fold increase compared to Cs[+] sources on previous instruments (∼2 pA at 100 nm). The brightness of the new Cs[+] source enables an ultimate lateral resolution as high as 30 nm and improved detection limits for a given analysis area. Sample stage movement accuracy is higher than 500 nm, enabling many-fold higher throughput automated analyses. With the new HV control, the primary ion beam impact energy can be reduced from 16 to 2 keV, which enables higher depth resolution during depth profiling (a 2-fold improvement), albeit with a 5-fold decrease in lateral resolution. In the NanoSIMS-HR, the secondary ion column and detection system are identical to those used in the previous series, and the isotopic analysis performance is as precise as in previous NanoSIMS instruments.},
}
@article {pmid39590665,
year = {2024},
author = {Kim, JH and Bae, EK and Hue, Y and Choi, B and Kang, MJ and Park, EJ and Kim, KT},
title = {Comparative Genomics Reveals Species-Specific Genes and Symbiotic Adaptations in Tricholoma matsutake.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {39590665},
issn = {2309-608X},
support = {FG0603-2021-01-2024//National Institute of Forest Science/ ; },
abstract = {Tricholoma matsutake, a highly valued ectomycorrhizal fungus, requires a symbiotic relationship with pine trees for growth, complicating its cultivation. This study presents a comprehensive comparative genomic analysis of Tricholoma species, with a focus on T. matsutake. Genomic data from 19 assemblies representing 13 species were analyzed to identify genus-, species-, and strain-specific genes, revealing significant evolutionary adaptations. Notably, T. matsutake exhibits a higher proportion of repetitive elements compared to other species, with retrotransposons like LTR Gypsy dominating its genome. Phylogenomic analyses showed that T. matsutake forms a monophyletic group closely related to T. bakamatsutake. Gene family expansion and contraction analyses highlighted the unique evolutionary pressures on T. matsutake, particularly the loss of tryptophan-related metabolic pathways and the gain of genes related to iron ion homeostasis, which may be crucial for its adaptation to nutrient-limited environments. Additionally, the reduction in secreted proteins and carbohydrate-active enzymes reflects the host-dependent lifestyle of T. matsutake and related species. These findings enhance our understanding of the genetic and evolutionary mechanisms underlying the complex symbiotic relationships of T. matsutake, offering potential avenues for optimizing its cultivation and commercial value.},
}
@article {pmid39590575,
year = {2024},
author = {Lombardo, C and Fazio, R and Sinagra, M and Gattuso, G and Longo, F and Lombardo, C and Salmeri, M and Zanghì, GN and Loreto, CAE},
title = {Intratumoral Microbiota: Insights from Anatomical, Molecular, and Clinical Perspectives.},
journal = {Journal of personalized medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {39590575},
issn = {2075-4426},
abstract = {The human microbiota represents a heterogeneous microbial community composed of several commensal, symbiotic, and even pathogenic microorganisms colonizing both the external and internal body surfaces. Despite the term "microbiota" being commonly used to identify microorganisms inhabiting the gut, several pieces of evidence suggest the presence of different microbiota physiologically colonizing other organs. In this context, several studies have also confirmed that microbes are integral components of tumor tissue in different types of cancer, constituting the so-called "intratumoral microbiota". The intratumoral microbiota is closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer as well as to the efficacy of anticancer treatments. Indeed, intratumoral microbiota can contribute to carcinogenesis and metastasis formation as some microbes can directly cause DNA damage, while others can induce the activation of proinflammatory responses or oncogenic pathways and alter the tumor microenvironment (TME). All these characteristics make the intratumoral microbiota an interesting topic to investigate for both diagnostic and prognostic purposes in order to improve the management of cancer patients. This review aims to gather the most recent data on the role of the intratumoral microbiota in cancer development, progression, and response to treatment, as well as its potential diagnostic and prognostic value.},
}
@article {pmid39590502,
year = {2024},
author = {Schapheer, C and González, LM and Villagra, C},
title = {Microorganism Diversity Found in Blatta orientalis L. (Blattodea: Blattidae) Cuticle and Gut Collected in Urban Environments.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {15},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/insects15110903},
pmid = {39590502},
issn = {2075-4450},
abstract = {Pest cockroaches share urban habitats with us; their prevalence in urban areas prompts concerns regarding their effect on human health, as synanthropic cockroaches often host pathogenic microorganisms. Nonetheless, microbial associates in these insects can also be related to their biology, contributing to their physiological homeostasis and reproductive success. In this article, we present in detail, for the first time, the bacterial community associated with the oriental cockroach Blatta orientalis, one of the world's five most prominent pest cockroaches. We report the composition of the communities of bacteria found over the exoskeleton and inside the gut of this global pest. We collected B. orientalis in Santiago, Chile's capital city, and the urban nucleus in this country. We conducted DNA extractions and metabarcoding analysis. We found diverse bacterial lineages, including mutualist symbiotic strains, and microorganisms considered pathogenic to humans. We also analyzed the metabolic functions of the bacterial communities identified and discussed the role of B. orientalis as a reservoir and vector of pathogens in urban areas. We discuss to what extent the diversity of functions of the microbial community associated with cockroaches may contribute to emergent properties enabling these insects to inhabit human-modified habitats.},
}
@article {pmid39590326,
year = {2024},
author = {Weston, WC and Hales, KH and Hales, DB},
title = {Utilizing Flaxseed as an Antimicrobial Alternative in Chickens: Integrative Review for Salmonella enterica and Eimeria.},
journal = {Current issues in molecular biology},
volume = {46},
number = {11},
pages = {12322-12342},
pmid = {39590326},
issn = {1467-3045},
abstract = {This review provides an integrative framework for understanding flaxseed (Linum utassitissimum) as an antimicrobial alternative for poultry production. We begin by familiarizing the reader with the global legislation of antibiotics in animal husbandry; highlighting gaps and current issues for Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) and Eimeria (coccidiosis-inducing). We then discuss the natural, symbiotic characteristics of the Galliformes order (chicken-like birds) and Linum (the flaxes). The key immunological themes in this review include: (i) flaxseed's regulation of innate and adaptive immunity in chickens, (ii) flaxseed's ability to accelerate chicken recovery from infection with S. enterica and Eimeria, and (iii) flaxseed's strengthening of immunity via vitamin B6 antagonism. Research indicates that whole flaxseed increases adaptive immune capacity by augmenting cecal Bacteroides and short-chain fatty acids while also attenuating the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio in chickens. Moreover, flaxseed accelerates chicken recovery from infection with Salmonella Enteritidis or Eimeria tenella; however, future work is needed to better understand (i) defatted flaxseed's superior performance against Eimeria species and (ii) Eimeria maxima's resilience against whole flaxseed. In the context of vitamin B6 antagonism, we propose that 15% whole flaxseed overcomes S. enterica's insult to estrogen synthesis by sustaining the activity of phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase (PEMT) in liver. We also propose that 10% defatted flaxseed (as a metformin homologue) strengthens chicken immunity by safeguarding gonadal physiology and by increasing plasma thymidine bioavailability. The concepts in this review can be used as a template for conducting advanced immunological studies in poultry science.},
}
@article {pmid39589622,
year = {2024},
author = {Wong, JM and Liu, AC and Lin, HT and Shinzato, C and Yang, SY and Yang, SH},
title = {An Improved RNA Extraction Method for Octocorals and Its Application in Transcriptome Analysis of Dark-Induced Bleaching Octocoral.},
journal = {Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {8},
pmid = {39589622},
issn = {1436-2236},
support = {NSTC 112-2311-B-002 -017//National Science and Technology Council/ ; NTU 112L2033-05//National Taiwan University/ ; },
mesh = {*Anthozoa/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; *RNA/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; *Dinoflagellida/genetics ; *Transcriptome ; Symbiosis ; Coral Reefs ; },
abstract = {Octocorals, vital components of reef ecosystems, inhabit various marine environments across diverse climate zones, spanning from tropical shallows to frigid deep-sea regions. Certain octocoral species, notably Lobophytum and Sinularia, are particularly intriguing due to their production of diverse metabolites, warranting continuous investigation. Although octocorals played the roles in coral ecosystems, the studies are rare in comparison to scleractinian corals, especially in transcriptomic and genomic data. However, RNA extraction was massively interfered by the polysaccharides and secondary metabolites produced from octocoral holobiont. For this purpose, five lysis buffer systems and two extraction processes were examined for the RNA extraction efficiency in octocorals. We found CTAB/10%SDS as a new method for RNA extraction from six different octocoral genera. Furthermore, our new method is enable to extract RNA with good quality for downstream application such as quantitative PCR and RNA sequencing. Finally, comparative transcriptomic analysis between healthy octocorals and those dark-induced bleaching corals in Lobophytum hsiehi revealed extracellular matrix and immunity-related genes may play the important roles in coral-symbiodinium symbiosis. We believe that this study's findings and the developed RNA extraction method will serve as valuable references for future research, particularly in octocorals.},
}
@article {pmid39589551,
year = {2024},
author = {Okumura, R and Takeda, K},
title = {The role of the mucosal barrier system in maintaining gut symbiosis to prevent intestinal inflammation.},
journal = {Seminars in immunopathology},
volume = {47},
number = {1},
pages = {2},
pmid = {39589551},
issn = {1863-2300},
support = {JP18K15187//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; JP21H050430//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism/immunology/microbiology ; *Symbiosis ; Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/metabolism/etiology/immunology ; Inflammation/metabolism/immunology ; Antimicrobial Peptides/metabolism ; },
abstract = {In the intestinal tract, where numerous intestinal bacteria reside, intestinal epithelial cells produce and release various antimicrobial molecules that form a complex barrier on the mucosal surface. These barrier molecules can be classified into two groups based on their functions: those that exhibit bactericidal activity through chemical reactions, such as antimicrobial peptides, and those that physically hinder bacterial invasion, like mucins, which lack bactericidal properties. In the small intestine, where Paneth cells specialize in producing antimicrobial peptides, the chemical barrier molecules primarily inhibit bacterial growth. In contrast, in the large intestine, where Paneth cells are absent, allowing bacterial growth, the primary defense mechanism is the physical barrier, mainly composed of mucus, which controls bacterial movement and prevents their invasion of intestinal tissues. The expression of these barrier molecules is regulated by metabolites produced by bacteria in the intestinal lumen and cytokines produced by immune cells in the lamina propria. This regulation establishes a defense mechanism that adapts to changes in the intestinal environment, such as alterations in gut microbial composition and the presence of pathogenic bacterial infections. Consequently, when the integrity of the gut mucosal barrier is compromised, commensal bacteria and pathogenic microorganisms from outside the body can invade intestinal tissues, leading to conditions such as intestinal inflammation, as observed in cases of inflammatory bowel disease.},
}
@article {pmid39589125,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, Z and Tong, M and Ding, W and Liu, S and Jong, M-C and Radwan, AA and Cai, Z and Zhou, J},
title = {Changes in the diversity and functionality of viruses that can bleach healthy coral.},
journal = {mSphere},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0081624},
doi = {10.1128/msphere.00816-24},
pmid = {39589125},
issn = {2379-5042},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Coral microbiomes play a crucial role in maintaining the health and functionality of holobionts. Disruption in the equilibrium of holobionts, including bacteria, fungi, and archaea, can result in the bleaching of coral. However, little is known about the viruses that can infect holobionts in coral, especially bacteriophages. Here, we employed a combination of amplicon and metagenomic analyses on Acropora muricata and Galaxea astreata to investigate the diversity and functionality of viruses in healthy and bleached corals. Analysis showed that the alpha diversity of holobionts (bacteria, eukaryotes, zooxanthellae, and lysogenic and lytic viruses) was higher in bleached corals than that in healthy corals. Meanwhile, bleached corals exhibited a relatively higher abundance of specific viral classes, including Revtraviricetes, Arfiviricetes, Faserviricetes, Caudoviricetes, Herviviricetes, and Tectiliviricetes; moreover, we found that the expression levels of functional genes involved in carbon and sulfur metabolism were enriched. An increase in Vibrio abundance has been reported as a notable factor in coral bleaching; our analysis also revealed an increased abundance of Vibrio in bleached coral. Finally, bleached corals contained a higher abundance of Vibrio phages and encoded more virulence factor genes to increase the competitiveness of Vibrio after coral bleaching. In conclusion, we attempted to understand the causes of coral bleaching from the perspective of phage-bacteria-coral tripartite interaction.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: Viruses, especially bacteriophages, outnumber other microorganisms by approximately 10-fold and represent the most abundant members of coral holobionts. Corals represent a model system for the study of symbiosis, the influence of viruses on organisms inhabiting healthy coral reef, the role of rapid horizontal gene transfer, and the expression of auxiliary metabolic genes. However, the least studied component of coral holobiont are viruses. Therefore, there is a critical need to investigate the viral community of viruses, and their functionality, in healthy and bleached coral. Here, we compared the composition and functionality of viruses in healthy and bleached corals and found that viruses may participate in the induction of coral bleaching by enhancing the expression of virulence genes and other auxiliary metabolic functions.},
}
@article {pmid39588438,
year = {2024},
author = {Dandamudi, BJ and Dimaano, KAM and Shah, N and AlQassab, O and Al-Sulaitti, Z and Nelakuditi, B and Mohammed, L},
title = {Neurodegenerative Disorders and the Gut-Microbiome-Brain Axis: A Literature Review.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {10},
pages = {e72427},
pmid = {39588438},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Neurodegenerative diseases are severe, age-related conditions with complex etiologies that result in significant morbidity and mortality. The gut microbiome, a dynamic symbiotic environment comprising commensal organisms, represents the largest reservoir of these organisms within the human body. It produces short-chain fatty acids, endogenous signals, and neuroactive compounds, which can modulate neuronal function, plasticity, and behavior. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in neurodevelopment, aging, and brain diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke. Communication between the gut and brain occurs through a bidirectional channel known as the gut-microbiome-brain axis, which is being explored for therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disorders. This literature review was conducted through a comprehensive search of five electronic databases - PubMed, Scopus, Ovid Medline, Cochrane Review, and Google Scholar - from inception to June 2024, focusing on English-language studies. Keywords included "gut-brain axis", "microbiome dysbiosis", "neurodegeneration", and disorder-specific terms such as "Alzheimer's disease" and "Parkinson's disease", paired with "gut microbiome". The review examines current knowledge on the relationship between gut microbiota and neurodegenerative disorders, emphasizing potential mechanisms and therapeutic options. Results indicate that gut dysbiosis, characterized by microbial imbalance, is intricately associated with neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis by influencing immune responses, increasing blood-brain barrier permeability, and generating neurotoxic metabolites. Therapeutic approaches targeting the gut microbiome, including probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, show promise in restoring microbial balance and slowing disease progression. However, further research is essential to validate these findings and develop effective clinical interventions.},
}
@article {pmid39587701,
year = {2024},
author = {Garza-Aguilar, SM and Ramos-Parra, PA and Urrea-López, R and Berdeja-Zamudio, WJ and Lozano-Guajardo, J and Benavides-Lozano, J and Ramírez-Yáñez, M and Díaz de la Garza, RI},
title = {Folate Biosynthesis is Boosted in Legume Nodules.},
journal = {Plant, cell &amp; environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pce.15294},
pmid = {39587701},
issn = {1365-3040},
support = {//This work was supported by the CONACYT (243058)./ ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) profoundly alters plant and bacteroid metabolism; however, SNF impact on folates and one-carbon (1C) metabolism are unknown. To explore this, SNF was induced in Phaseolus Vulgaris with Rhizobium etli. Nodules accumulated the highest folate concentration yet reported in a plant tissue (60 nmol/g fresh weight). Folate upregulation was not exclusive of determinate nodules, moderate to high folate contents were also encounter in Medicago truncatula and sativa. Moreover, folates correlated partial and positively with N2-fixation. 1C metabolism-associated amino acids (Ser, Gly, Cys, Thr, and Met) accumulated more in nodules than roots. Subcellular profiling of nodule folates revealed that the cytosol fraction primarily contained 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate, cofactor for Met synthesis. 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate, required for purine synthesis, was most abundant in nodule plastids, while bacteroids contained low folate levels. Differential transcriptome analysis from nodule legume studies revealed that only a few biosynthetic folate genes expression was increased in nodules whereas several genes for 1C reactions were upregulated. For the first time folates were detected in the xylem sap, with higher concentrations during SNF. We postulate that folates are needed during SNF to sustain purines, thymidylate, and Met synthesis, during both N2-fixation and nodule growth; nodule metabolism is then a 1C-unit sink.},
}
@article {pmid39587272,
year = {2024},
author = {Eekhoff, JK},
title = {Premonition: Hope and Dread in the Analytic Hour.},
journal = {American journal of psychoanalysis},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39587272},
issn = {1573-6741},
abstract = {Analytic awareness of the process of meaning-making involves tracking premonitions and intuitions to their sources. As precursors of symbolic processing, premonitions are essential elements in any relationship, including the analytic relationship. They provide unconscious communication that informs and amplifies internal and external body and object relations. These relations facilitate depth and dimensionality between and within persons. They also enable the representational processes to establish psychic structure. When traumatized, a person can lose faith in these processes and defend against relationship. Exploring precursors of the emotional experiences of hope and dread enables the analytic dyad to re-vitalize lost potentials and the representation of experience. A clinical example is given to demonstrate the application of these ideas.},
}
@article {pmid39586261,
year = {2024},
author = {Walter, J},
title = {Gut Microbiota Assembly Begins at Birth and Needs to Be Nurtured.},
journal = {Nestle Nutrition Institute workshop series},
volume = {100},
number = {},
pages = {28-45},
doi = {10.1159/000540140},
pmid = {39586261},
issn = {1664-2155},
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Infant, Newborn ; Host Microbial Interactions/physiology ; Symbiosis/physiology ; Infant ; Biological Evolution ; Immune System/physiology ; },
abstract = {Humans maintain symbiotic relationships with complex microbial communities in their intestinal tracts that are paramount to their host's health and development. Given their importance, it is essential for the host to reliably acquire key members of the gut microbiota and assemble communities that provide benefits during important windows of host development. Epidemiological studies over the last 2 decades have convincingly shown that clinical and nutritional factors that disrupt early-life microbiome assembly predispose humans to infections and chronic noncommunicable diseases. These connections emphasize the importance of understanding host-microbiome assembly on a mechanistic level, the time windows that are most important for host-microbe crosstalk, and the clinical and lifestyle factors that shape and disrupt symbiotic interactions to develop therapeutic and nutritional strategies to prevent noncommunicable diseases. In this article, I will provide an evolutionary and ecological perspective on when and how humans acquire their gut microbiome, the factors that shape the assembly process, and how the process can be disrupted. I will discuss the most important time windows for both microbiome assembly and the microbiome's impact on development of the immune system. Finally, I will discuss how evolutionary and ecological principles inform strategies to support and restore the gut microbiome early in life.},
}
@article {pmid39585407,
year = {2024},
author = {Müller, CSL},
title = {[Immunohistochemical examinations in malignant melanoma : Fundamentals and special aspects].},
journal = {Dermatologie (Heidelberg, Germany)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39585407},
issn = {2731-7013},
abstract = {Immunohistochemical examinations have been used for many years in dermatopathology and pathology and have become an integral part of tumor diagnostics. The aim is to identify and classify tumor cells that express distinct antigens. Malignant melanoma can be characterized by a large number of well-described and standardized antibodies, so that immunohistochemical staining is used in the diagnosis of melanoma, the differential diagnosis of other tumors, the determination of tumor thickness, the diagnosis of tumor metastases, and also in the diagnosis of sentinel lymph nodes. Comprehensive knowledge of the expression profiles and specific staining patterns of the antibodies used is of great diagnostic relevance, with the aim of preventing misdiagnosis. The perfect antibody with high sensitivity and maximum specificity does not exist. Hence, immunohistochemistry does not replace the conventional assessment and interpretation of tumor samples. Only in symbiosis with clinical and conventional histological findings do immunohistochemical stains have a diagnostic value.},
}
@article {pmid39584499,
year = {2024},
author = {Checchia, I and Andreolli, M and Lanza, F and Santoiemma, G and Mori, N and Pasini, M and Lampis, S and Felis, GE},
title = {Testing low-risk bioactive compounds on Halyomorpha halys: an improved pipeline of analyses to investigate their effects on the bacterial endosymbiont Candidatus Pantoea carbekii.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.8564},
pmid = {39584499},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//I.C. Ph.D. scholarship is supported by REACT-EU FSE fund in the frame of PON "Dottorati su tematiche green" (Action IV.5), 2014-2020 (DM 1061/2021). Code BIO04, DOT1340225, Borsa 1 CUP B39J21026610001/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys has become an invasive insect pest of many crops. A promising control strategy to manage the proliferation of H. halys is based on the suppression of its obligate and vertically transmitted uncultivated symbiotic bacterium Candidatus Pantoea carbekii through surface-sterilization of H. halys eggs. Indeed, the application of antimicrobial formulations on the eggs of H. halys could cause mortality of endosymbiont and consequently of newly emerged nymphs. In this study, a microbial live/dead assay was applied directly on H. halys eggs to evaluate Ca. P. carbekii loss of viability after treatments with seven commercial formulations including fungicides (copper hydroxide, sulphur, sweet orange essential oil) and plant biostimulants (flavonoids and chestnut tannin extract) compared with two disinfectants for civil and industrial use (sodium hypochlorite/hydrated sodium/tetraborate decahydrate and peracetic acid/hydrogen peroxide). Impact of mode of application was also evaluated, as surface treatment of egg masses was performed through spraying and dipping in laboratory conditions. Antimicrobial activity data were finally complemented with observations of egg hatching and vitality of the nymphs.<br><br>RESULTS: The optimization of live/dead staining is useful for evaluating Ca. P. carbekii mortality directly on eggs, providing a rapid and reliable culture-independent approach. Sodium hypochlorite, copper, sulphur, tannins and sweet orange essential oil showed an antimicrobial effect against Ca. P. carbekii and a H. halys egg hatching reduction and nymph's vitality.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The antimicrobial and insecticidal effects of these commercial products should be further studied to assess their in-field efficiency as well as the impact of these substances on non-target organisms. The approach followed in this study could be considered a robust pipeline of analyses to evaluate the effectiveness of antimicrobial eco-friendly compounds in symbiotic control of H. halys. &#xa9; 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid39582896,
year = {2024},
author = {Iglesias, V and Chilimoniuk, J and Pintado-Grima, C and Bárcenas, O and Ventura, S and Burdukiewicz, M},
title = {Aggregating amyloid resources: A comprehensive review of databases on amyloid-like aggregation.},
journal = {Computational and structural biotechnology journal},
volume = {23},
number = {},
pages = {4011-4018},
pmid = {39582896},
issn = {2001-0370},
abstract = {Protein aggregation is responsible for several degenerative conditions in humans, and it is also a bottleneck in industrial protein production and storage of biotherapeutics. Bioinformatics tools have been developed to predict and redesign protein solubility more efficiently by understanding the underlying principles behind aggregation. As more experimental data become available, dedicated resources for storing, indexing, classifying and consolidating experimental results have emerged. These resources vary in focus, including aggregation-prone regions, 3D patches or protein stretches capable of forming amyloid fibrils. Some of these resources also consider the experimental conditions that cause protein aggregation and how they affect the process. This review article explores how protein aggregation databases have evolved and surveys state-of-the-art resources. We highlight their applications, complementarity and existing limitations. Moreover, we showcase the existing symbiosis between amyloid-related databases and predictive tools. To increase the usefulness of our review, we supplement it with a comprehensive list of present and past amyloid databases: https://biogenies.info/amyloid-database-list/.},
}
@article {pmid39582382,
year = {2024},
author = {Hu, L and Chen, Y and Wu, Q and Zeng, Q and Zhang, T and Yu, G and He, M and Chen, D and Su, X and Zhang, Y and Zhang, Z and Shen, J},
title = {Alteration in microbes changed the contents of oviposition-deterrent pheromones on the Spodoptera litura egg surface.},
journal = {Bulletin of entomological research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-8},
doi = {10.1017/S000748532400066X},
pmid = {39582382},
issn = {1475-2670},
abstract = {Microorganisms symbiotic with insects, whether permanently or temporarily, play a crucial role in the nutrition, development, reproduction, defence, and metamorphosis regulation. In some Lepidoptera, oviposition-deterrent pheromones (ODPs) on egg surface were used by pregnant females to modify the behaviour of conspecifics to avoid excessive competition for limited resources. In this study, we constructed four different Spodoptera litura groups, including, OH, OA, SH, and OA, which either feed on different hosts or grow in different environments. The 16S rDNA libraries of microbes from the egg surface of the four groups were constructed and sequenced. According to alpha and beta diversity indices, the microbes in environments and diets considerably influenced the richness, diversity, and community compositions of the microbiota on egg surfaces. The quantity of the main ODP components and the corresponding oviposition-deterrent activity among four groups were significantly differed among the four groups. The result of this study revealed that altering of microbes in environments or diets considerably changed the contents of ODP and oviposition-deterrent activity. As ODPs impart oviposition-deterrent activity towards closely related species, the findings of this study suggest that we should pay more attention to the role of symbiotic microorganisms in changing the ability of insects, especially sympatric species, to occupy the optimal niche when developing novel pest-control strategies.},
}
@article {pmid39582243,
year = {2024},
author = {Thanthrige, N and Bhowmik, SD and Williams, B},
title = {'Friend versus foe'-does autophagy help regulate symbiotic plant-microbe interactions and can it be manipulated to improve legume cultivation?.},
journal = {FEBS letters},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/1873-3468.15062},
pmid = {39582243},
issn = {1873-3468},
abstract = {Autophagy is a genetically regulated, eukaryotic catabolic pathway that responds to internal and external cellular signals. In plants, it plays crucial roles in development, and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Due to its role in limiting the hypersensitive response, research on the molecular mechanisms of autophagic signalling pathways in plant-microbe interactions has primarily focused on plant-pathogen responses. Although there is substantially less information on the role of autophagy signalling in symbiotic plant-microbe interactions, there is accumulating evidence that it is also a key regulator of mutualistic plant-microbe interactions. Here, we review recent progress on the roles of autophagy in symbiotic plant interactions and discuss potential future research directions. Once understood, the central role that autophagy plays within pathogenic and symbiotic plant-microbe interactions has significant potential application for crop improvement. Manipulating autophagy in legume crops could help support crop growth with reduced levels of fertiliser application while maintaining yields with increased protein content in the harvest.},
}
@article {pmid39581480,
year = {2024},
author = {Chu, G and Gao, C and Wang, Q and Zhang, W and Tian, T and Chen, W and Gao, M},
title = {Effect of light intensity on nitrogen removal, enzymatic activity and metabolic pathway of algal-bacterial symbiosis in rotating biological contactor treating mariculture wastewater.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {131872},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131872},
pmid = {39581480},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {An algal-bacterial symbiosis (ABS) system was developed on a rotating biological contactor treating mariculture wastewater, and its nitrogen removal, enzymatic activity and metabolic pathways were investigated under different light intensities. The nitrogen removal efficiency increased when light intensities ranged from 20 to 80 μE/(m[2]·s) but declined under 100 μE/(m[2]·s). Higher enzymatic activities under 80 μE/(m[2]·s) facilitated nitrogen conversion, light utilization, ATP supply and photosynthesis. Reactive oxygen species accumulation activated antioxidant pathways under 20 and 100 μE/(m[2]·s). Functional bacteria including Sedimentitalea, Thauera and Dechloromonas as well as Chlorella sorokinian, Dunaliella, Pleurosira laevis and Microcystis were enriched under 80 μE/(m[2]·s). Abundant photosynthesis-related genes (petC, Lca3/4 and atpH/A) supported energy supply and electron transport. Conversely, lower proportions of IDH3, gltB, and acnA/B under 20 and 100 μE/(m[2]·s) hindered tricarboxylic acid cycle, reducing NADPH and energy production. These results enhance the understanding on the effect of light intensity on ABS system treating mariculture wastewater.},
}
@article {pmid39581403,
year = {2024},
author = {Gao, M and Li, B and Zhang, K and Li, D and Chen, R and Elumalai, P and Gao, X and Wang, L and Zhu, X and Luo, J and Ji, J and Cui, J},
title = {Worldwide used bio-insecticides Cry1Ac toxin have no detrimental effects on E. balteatus but alter the symbiotic microbial communities.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {137995},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137995},
pmid = {39581403},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {Hoverflies, capable of abilities providing dual ecosystem services including pest control and pollination, are exposed to insecticidal proteins from transgenic plants via pollen and prey aphids. However, the effects of such exposures on hoverflies have never been adequately assessed. Here, we investigated impacts of the most widely used biotoxin Cry1Ac on a representative hoverfly species Episyrphus balteatus through food chain transmission and active toxin exposure. The results showed Cry1Ac can be transmitted into E. balteatus through feeding on Aphis gossypii reared by Bt insect-resistant cotton variety expressing the Cry1Ac toxin, but the biological parameters of E. balteatus including survival rate, growth, development, reproductive capacity, and detoxification-related gene expression, were not significantly affected. Furthermore, the exposure to high-dose Cry1Ac toxin (500 μg/mL) resulted in slight increase of 16.67 % in the activity of detoxification and antioxidant enzyme catalase in E. balteatus and inhibited the egg hatching, partially inducing stress responses. Notably, the exposure to Cry1Ac toxin disrupted the microbiota homeostasis in E. balteatus, and the relative abundances of three dominant symbiotic bacterial genera (Cosenzaea, Wolbachia, and Commensalibacter) in E. balteatus exhibited a 10 % ~ 40 % fluctuation under Cry1Ac toxin stress. Taken together, these results suggest Cry1Ac toxin is not lethal to E. balteatus, but it poses a potential threat to its endosymbiotic bacteria.},
}
@article {pmid39581302,
year = {2024},
author = {Johansson, A and Ho, NP and Takizawa, H},
title = {"Microbiome and Hemato-immune Aging".},
journal = {Experimental hematology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {104685},
doi = {10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104685},
pmid = {39581302},
issn = {1873-2399},
abstract = {Microbiome is a highly complex and diverse symbiotic component that undergoes dynamic changes with the organismal aging. Microbial perturbations, termed dysbiosis, exert strong influence on dysregulating the bone marrow niche and subsequently promoting the aging of hematopoietic and immune system. Besides, accumulating studies have revealed the substantial impact of intestinal microbiome on the initiation and progression of age-related hematologic alteration and diseases, such as clonal hematopoiesis and blood cancers. Current therapeutic approaches to restore the altered microbiome diversity target specific pathobionts and are demonstrated to improve clinical outcomes of anti-hematologic malignancy treatments. In this review, we discuss the interplay between the microbiome and the hemato-immune system during aging process. We also shed light on the emerging therapeutic strategies to tackle the dysbiosis for amelioration of aging and disease progression.},
}
@article {pmid39579986,
year = {2024},
author = {Tuor, M and Stappers, MHT and Desgardin, A and Ruchti, F and Sparber, F and Orr, SJ and Gow, NAR and LeibundGut-Landmann, S},
title = {Card9 and MyD88 differentially regulate Th17 immunity to the commensal yeast Malassezia in the murine skin.},
journal = {Mucosal immunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.11.004},
pmid = {39579986},
issn = {1935-3456},
abstract = {The fungal community of the skin microbiome is dominated by a single genus, Malassezia. Besides its symbiotic lifestyle at the host interface, this commensal yeast has also been associated with diverse inflammatory skin diseases in humans and pet animals. Stable colonization is maintained by antifungal type 17 immunity. The mechanisms driving Th17 responses to Malassezia remain, however, unclear. Here, we show that the C-type lectin receptors Mincle, Dectin-1, and Dectin-2 recognize conserved patterns in the cell wall of Malassezia and induce dendritic cell activation in vitro, while only Dectin-2 is required for Th17 activation during experimental skin colonization in vivo. In contrast, Toll-like receptor recognition was redundant in this context. Instead, inflammatory IL-1 family cytokines signaling via MyD88 were also implicated in Th17 activation in a T cell-intrinsic manner. Taken together, we characterized the pathways contributing to protective immunity against the most abundant member of the skin mycobiome. This knowledge contributes to the understanding of barrier immunity and its regulation by commensals and is relevant considering how aberrant immune responses are associated with severe skin pathologies.},
}
@article {pmid39579890,
year = {2024},
author = {Jia, Y and Huan, H and Zhang, W and Wan, B and Sun, J and Tu, Z},
title = {Soil infiltration mechanisms under plant root disturbance in arid and semi-arid grasslands and the response of solute transport in rhizosphere soil.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {177633},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177633},
pmid = {39579890},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {The symbiotic relationship between plant roots and soil infiltration is of great significance for sustainable development of the agriculture and forestry. Through detailed summary of the relationship between root morphological parameters and soil infiltration rates in arid and semi-arid grasslands mainly with leguminous herbs, gramineous herbs and shrubs, the mechanisms that key parameters (root length density, surface area density, diameter, biomass density, architecture, secretion and decay rate) disturb soil infiltration through affecting soil structure such as porosity, soil bulk density and soil organic matter (SOM) are elucidated. Furthermore, the degree of root disturbance on soil structure and infiltration rates are partially clarified by constructing quantitatively structural equation modeling path diagrams. The results show roots have the most significant effect to increase soil infiltration rates through increasing non-capillary pores, contributing to >50 % of the positive effect. In contrast, the increased SOM influenced by roots can obstruct soil infiltration and offset about 25 % of the positive effects. In addition, the impact of root disturbance on transport of nutrients, pesticide and pathogenic microorganisms in rhizosphere soil is also discussed to analyze the potential influence on food and water environmental safety. The presence of roots reduces the amount of leachate-prone nutrients, but their disturbance increases the rate of soil infiltration thus accelerates transport of solutes into deeper soil. Meanwhile, the rhizosphere alters the environmental behavior of pesticides and pathogenic microorganisms, increasing risk of plant roots exposure to them. At present, systematically quantifying the interference of plant roots on soil structure and soil infiltration capacity remains a major challenge. It is necessary to further improve the research methodology and strengthen the study of root soil interaction mechanisms, providing scientific basis and technical support for sustainable agricultural development and ecological environment protection.},
}
@article {pmid39579797,
year = {2024},
author = {Parisot, N and Ribeiro Lopes, M and Peignier, S and Baa-Puyoulet, P and Charles, H and Calevro, F and Callaerts, P},
title = {Annotation of transcription factors, chromatin-associated factors, and basal transcription machinery in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, and development of the ATFdb database, a resource for studies of transcriptional regulation.},
journal = {Insect biochemistry and molecular biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {104217},
doi = {10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104217},
pmid = {39579797},
issn = {1879-0240},
abstract = {The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, is an emerging model system in functional and comparative genomics, in part due to the availability of new genomic approaches and the different sequencing and annotation efforts that the community has dedicated to this important crop pest insect. The pea aphid is also used as a model to study fascinating biological traits of aphids, such as their extensive polyphenisms, their bacteriocyte-confined nutritional symbiosis, or their adaptation to the highly unbalanced diet represented by phloem sap. To get insights into the molecular basis of all these processes, it is important to have an appropriate annotation of transcription factors (TFs), which would enable the reconstruction/inference of gene regulatory networks in aphids. Using the latest version of the A. pisum genome assembly and annotation, which represents the first chromosome-level pea aphid genome, we annotated the complete repertoire of A. pisum TFs and complemented this information by annotating genes encoding chromatin-associated and basal transcription machinery proteins. These annotations were done combining information from the model Drosophila melanogaster, for which we also provide a revisited list of these proteins, and de novo prediction. The comparison between the two model systems allowed the identification of major losses or expansions in each genome, while a deeper analysis was made of ZNF TFs (with certain families expanded in the pea aphid), and the Hox gene cluster (showing reorganization in gene position in the pea aphid compared to D. melanogaster). All annotations are available to the community through the Aphid Transcription Factors database (ATFdb), consolidating the various annotations we generated. ATFdb serves as a valuable resource for gene regulation studies in aphids.},
}
@article {pmid39579072,
year = {2024},
author = {Prakash, A and Wang, Y},
title = {De Novo Long-Read Genome Assembly and Annotation of the Mosquito Gut-dwelling Fungus, Smittium minutisporum.},
journal = {Genome biology and evolution},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/gbe/evae259},
pmid = {39579072},
issn = {1759-6653},
abstract = {Mosquito guts host a variety of microbes, yet fungi are often overlooked. Smittium (Harpellales, Zoopagomycota) comprises numerous species that are obligate symbionts residing in the hindgut of mosquito larvae. Despite their association with pathogen-bearing vectors, these fungal symbionts remain understudied, largely due to the lack of high-quality genome resources. This limitation has impeded a deeper understanding of their genome biology and adaptive strategies in relation to their mosquito hosts, which may hold significant epidemiological implications. To address this gap, we generated the first reference-quality genome assembly for this group of fungi, using PacBio HiFi long-reads for an axenic culture of Smittium minutisporum, originally isolated from the eastern treehole mosquito, Aedes Triseriatus. The genome assembly consists of 53 contigs, spanning a total length of 32.5 Mb, and is predicted to encode 8,254 protein-coding genes, with repetitive regions constituting 25.22% of the genome. Notably, despite being highly contiguous and gap-free, the BUSCO analysis suggests a completeness score of 71.8%, implying unusual genome features, possibly shaped by adaptation and specialization within the mosquito gut. This high-quality genome resource will be invaluable for advancing our understanding of mosquito gut-dwelling fungi, their natural history, and their cryptic symbiosis with insect hosts.},
}
@article {pmid39578727,
year = {2024},
author = {Ang'ang'o, LM and Herren, JK and Tastan Bishop, &#xd6;},
title = {Bioinformatics analysis of the Microsporidia sp. MB genome: a malaria transmission-blocking symbiont of the Anopheles arabiensis mosquito.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {1132},
pmid = {39578727},
issn = {1471-2164},
mesh = {*Anopheles/microbiology/parasitology/genetics ; Animals ; *Microsporidia/genetics ; *Symbiosis ; *Computational Biology/methods ; *Genome, Fungal ; Malaria/transmission ; Phylogeny ; Mosquito Vectors/microbiology/genetics ; Genomics/methods ; RNA Interference ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The use of microsporidia as a disease-transmission-blocking tool has garnered significant attention. Microsporidia sp. MB, known for its ability to block malaria development in mosquitoes, is an optimal candidate for supplementing malaria vector control methods. This symbiont, found in Anopheles mosquitoes, can be transmitted both vertically and horizontally with minimal effects on its mosquito host. Its genome, recently sequenced from An. arabiensis, comprises a compact 5.9 Mbp.<br><br>RESULTS: Here, we analyze the Microsporidia sp. MB genome, highlighting its major genomic features, gene content, and protein function. The genome contains 2247 genes, predominantly encoding enzymes. Unlike other members of the Enterocytozoonida group, Microsporidia sp. MB has retained most of the genes in the glycolytic pathway. Genes involved in RNA interference (RNAi) were also identified, suggesting a mechanism for host immune suppression. Importantly, meiosis-related genes (MRG) were detected, indicating potential for sexual reproduction in this organism. Comparative analyses revealed similarities with its closest relative, Vittaforma corneae, despite key differences in host interactions.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study provides an in-depth analysis of the newly sequenced Microsporidia sp. MB genome, uncovering its unique adaptations for intracellular parasitism, including retention of essential metabolic pathways and RNAi machinery. The identification of MRGs suggests the possibility of sexual reproduction, offering insights into the symbiont's evolutionary strategies. Establishing a reference genome for Microsporidia sp. MB sets the foundation for future studies on its role in malaria transmission dynamics and host-parasite interactions.},
}
@article {pmid39577053,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, Q and Ou, Z and Lv, H},
title = {Cadmium toxicity in blueberry cultivation and the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology and environmental safety},
volume = {288},
number = {},
pages = {117364},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117364},
pmid = {39577053},
issn = {1090-2414},
abstract = {Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that interferes with essential metabolic pathways crucial for plant growth, often resulting in toxicity and plant death. Blueberry plants exhibit metabolic adaptations to mitigate the stress caused by elevated Cd levels. In this review, we highlighted the effects of Cd-induced stress on blueberry plants and explored the potential alleviating effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Cd uptake disrupts plant metabolism and impacts primary and secondary metabolites, including anthocyanins, which play a role in defense mechanisms against pathogens. Hence, Cd-induced stress alters anthocyanin levels in blueberry leaves, negatively affecting antioxidant defense mechanisms and hindering growth. Conversely, AMF establishes a symbiotic relationship with blueberry plants, promoting nutrient absorption and enhancing stress tolerance. Understanding the association between Cd stress, anthocyanin responses in blueberries, and AMF-mediated mitigation is crucial for developing integrated strategies to enhance blueberry plant health and improve quality. Employing AMF to remediate metal-related stress represents a significant breakthrough for sustainable crop production in a Cd-contaminated environment.},
}
@article {pmid39576133,
year = {2024},
author = {Kim, H and Ahn, J and Kim, J and Kang, H-S},
title = {Metagenomic insights and biosynthetic potential of Candidatus Entotheonella symbiont associated with Halichondria marine sponges.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0235524},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.02355-24},
pmid = {39576133},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {Korea, being surrounded by the sea, provides a rich habitat for marine sponges, which have been a prolific source of bioactive natural products. Although a diverse array of structurally novel natural products has been isolated from Korean marine sponges, their biosynthetic origins remain largely unknown. To explore the biosynthetic potential of Korean marine sponges, we conducted metagenomic analyses of sponges inhabiting the East Sea of Korea. This analysis revealed a symbiotic association of Candidatus Entotheonella bacteria with Halichondria sponges. Here, we report a new chemically rich Entotheonella variant, which we named Ca. Entotheonella halido. Remarkably, this symbiont makes up 69% of the microbial community in the sponge Halichondira dokdoensis. Genome-resolved metagenomics enabled us to obtain a high-quality Ca. E. halido genome, which represents the largest (12 Mb) and highest quality among previously reported Entotheonella genomes. We also identified the biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) of the known sponge-derived Halicylindramides from the Ca. E. halido genome, enabling us to determine their biosynthetic origin. This new symbiotic association expands the host diversity and biosynthetic potential of metabolically talented bacterial genus Ca. Entotheonella symbionts.IMPORTANCEOur study reports the discovery of a new bacterial symbiont Ca. Entotheonella halido associated with the Korean marine sponge Halichondria dokdoensis. Using genome-resolved metagenomics, we recovered a high-quality Ca. E. halido MAG (Metagenome-Assembled Genome), which represents the largest and most complete Ca. Entotheonella MAG reported to date. Pangenome and BGC network analyses revealed a remarkably high BGC diversity within the Ca. Entotheonella pangenome, with almost no overlapping BGCs between different MAGs. The cryptic and genetically unique BGCs present in the Ca. Entotheonella pangenome represents a promising source of new bioactive natural products.},
}
@article {pmid39575929,
year = {2024},
author = {Ma, Y and Zhang, S},
title = {Synergistic Effects of Three-Species Symbiosis in Spiders.},
journal = {Integrative zoology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1749-4877.12919},
pmid = {39575929},
issn = {1749-4877},
support = {32370530//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {A schematic illustration depicts the symbiotic relationships between arthropod predators, featuring a Cyrtophora host and its two guests: the orb-weaving Leucauge and the kleptoparasitic Argyrodes (Photo: Po Peng).},
}
@article {pmid39574452,
year = {2024},
author = {Hixson, KK and Meng, Q and Moinuddin, SGA and Kwon, M and Costa, MA and Cort, JR and Davin, LB and Bell, CJ and Lewis, NG},
title = {RNA-seq and metabolomic analyses of beneficial plant phenol biochemical pathways in red alder.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1349635},
pmid = {39574452},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Red alder (Alnus rubra) has highly desirable wood, dye pigment, and (traditional) medicinal properties which have been capitalized on for thousands of years, including by Pacific West Coast Native Americans. A rapidly growing tree species native to North American western coastal and riparian regions, it undergoes symbiosis with actinobacterium Frankia via their nitrogen-fixing root nodules. Red alder's desirable properties are, however, largely attributed to its bioactive plant phenol metabolites, including for plant defense, for its attractive wood and bark coloration, and various beneficial medicinal properties. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome data analyses were carried out using buds, leaves, stems, roots, and root nodules from greenhouse grown red alder saplings with samples collected during different time-points (Spring, Summer, and Fall) of the growing season. Pollen and catkins were collected from field grown mature trees. Overall plant phenol biochemical pathways operative in red alder were determined, with a particular emphasis on potentially identifying candidates for the long unknown gateway entry points to the proanthocyanidin (PA) and ellagitannin metabolic classes, as well as in gaining better understanding of the biochemical basis of diarylheptanoid formation, i.e. that help define red alder's varied medicinal uses, and its extensive wood and dye usage.},
}
@article {pmid39574446,
year = {2024},
author = {El-Sappah, AH and Li, J and Yan, K and Zhu, C and Huang, Q and Zhu, Y and Chen, Y and El-Tarabily, KA and AbuQamar, SF},
title = {Fibrillin gene family and its role in plant growth, development, and abiotic stress.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1453974},
pmid = {39574446},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Fibrillins (FBNs), highly conserved plastid lipid-associated proteins (PAPs), play a crucial role in plant physiology. These proteins, encoded by nuclear genes, are prevalent in the plastoglobules (PGs) of chloroplasts. FBNs are indispensable for maintaining plastid stability, promoting plant growth and development, and enhancing stress responses. The conserved PAP domain of FBNs was found across a wide range of photosynthetic organisms, from plants and cyanobacteria. FBN families are classified into 12 distinct groups/clades, with the 12th group uniquely present in algal-fungal symbiosis. This mini review delves into the structural attributes, phylogenetic classification, genomic features, protein-protein interactions, and functional roles of FBNs in plants, with a special focus on their effectiveness in mitigating abiotic stresses, particularly drought stress.},
}
@article {pmid39574445,
year = {2024},
author = {Mundra, S and Morsy, M},
title = {Editorial: Applicative and ecological aspects of mycorrhizal symbioses.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1510941},
pmid = {39574445},
issn = {1664-462X},
}
@article {pmid39570950,
year = {2024},
author = {Banse, M and Hanssen, N and Sabbe, J and Lecchini, D and Donaldson, TJ and Iwankow, G and Lagant, A and Parmentier, E},
title = {Same calls, different meanings: Acoustic communication of Holocentridae.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {19},
number = {11},
pages = {e0312191},
pmid = {39570950},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; *Vocalization, Animal/physiology ; *Acoustics ; Animal Communication ; Sound ; Fishes/physiology ; },
abstract = {The literature on sound production behaviours in fish in the wild is quite sparse. In several taxa, associations between different sound types and given behaviours have been reported. In the Holocentridae, past nomenclature of the different sound types (knocks, growls, grunts, staccatos and thumps) has been confusing because it relies on the use of several terms that are not always based on fine descriptions. Our study aims to ascertain whether holocentrids can produce a variety of sounds in the wild and if these sounds are associated with specific behaviours. Additionally, we aim to determine whether sounds produced by hand-held specimens, a common methodology to record sounds in standardised conditions in fishes, could correspond to some sounds produced by free-swimming individuals in natural conditions. Our study shows that all holocentrid species are able to produce sounds in 6 behavioural contexts of both agonistic (conspecific and heterospecific chases, competition) and social signalling types (acceleration, broadcasting, body quivering), in addition to previously described mobbing towards moray eels and symbiotic interactions with cleaner wrasses. In holocentrids, acoustic communication is not only based on single calls but can also involve series of sounds of different types that are arranged randomly. The large amount of combinations within acoustical events for each behaviour, resulting from both the quantity of sounds and their diversity, supports the absence of stereotypy. This suggests that sounds are produced to reinforce visual communication during the day in this family. Our results also suggest that sounds recorded by hand-held fishes are produced naturally in the wild. Our study challenges past nomenclatures and demonstrates sound critical function in augmenting visual communication, advancing our comprehension of acoustic ecology in teleost species.},
}
@article {pmid39570444,
year = {2024},
author = {Dezfouli, MA and Rashidi, SK and Yazdanfar, N and Khalili, H and Goudarzi, M and Saadi, A and Kiani Deh Kiani, A},
title = {The emerging roles of neuroactive components produced by gut microbiota.},
journal = {Molecular biology reports},
volume = {52},
number = {1},
pages = {1},
pmid = {39570444},
issn = {1573-4978},
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; *Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism ; Animals ; *Brain-Gut Axis/physiology ; Central Nervous System/metabolism/physiology ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism/microbiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: As a multifunctional ecosystem, the human digestive system contains a complex network of microorganisms, collectively known as gut microbiota. This consortium composed of more than 10[13] microorganisms and Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are the dominant microbes. Gut microbiota is increasingly recognized for its critical role in physiological processes beyond digestion. Gut microbiota participates in a symbiotic relationship with the host and takes advantage of intestinal nutrients and mutually participates in the digestion of complex carbohydrates and maintaining intestinal functions.<br><br>METHOD AND RESULT: We reviewed the neuroactive components produced by gut microbiota. Interestingly, microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating the activity of the intestinal lymphatic system, regulation of the intestinal epithelial barrier, and maintaining the tolerance to food immunostimulating molecules. The gut-brain axis is a two-way communication pathway that links the gut microbiota to the central nervous system (CNS) and importantly is involved in neurodevelopment, cognition, emotion and synaptic transmissions. The connections between gut microbiota and CNS are via endocrine system, immune system and vagus nerve.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The gut microbiota produces common neurotransmitters and neuromodulators of the nervous system. These compounds play a role in neuronal functions, immune system regulation, gastrointestinal homeostasis, permeability of the blood brain barrier and other physiological processes. This review investigates the essential aspects of the neurotransmitters and neuromodulators produced by gut microbiota and their implications in health and disease.},
}
@article {pmid39570026,
year = {2024},
author = {Waterworth, SC and Solomons, GM and Kalinski, J-CJ and Madonsela, LS and Parker-Nance, S and Dorrington, RA},
title = {The unique and enigmatic spirochete symbiont of latrunculid sponges.},
journal = {mSphere},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0084524},
doi = {10.1128/msphere.00845-24},
pmid = {39570026},
issn = {2379-5042},
abstract = {Bacterial symbionts are critical members of many marine sponge holobionts. Some sponge-associated bacterial lineages, such as Poribacteria, sponge-associated unclassified lineage (SAUL), and Tethybacterales, appear to have broad-host ranges and associate with a diversity of sponge species, while others are more species-specific, having adapted to the niche environment of their host. Host-associated spirochete symbionts that are numerically dominant have been documented in several invertebrates including termites, starfish, and corals. However, dominant spirochete populations are rare in marine sponges, having thus far been observed only in Clathrina clathrus and various species within the Latrunculiidae family, where they are co-dominant alongside Tethybacterales symbionts. This study aimed to characterize these spirochetes and their potential role in the host sponge. Analysis of metagenome-assembled genomes from eight latrunculid sponges revealed that these unusual spirochetes are relatively recent symbionts and are phylogenetically distinct from other sponge-associated spirochetes. Functional comparative analysis suggests that the host sponge may have selected for these spirochetes due to their ability to produce terpenoids and/or possible structural contributions.IMPORTANCESouth African latrunculid sponges are host to co-dominant Tethybacterales and Spirochete symbionts. While the Tethybacterales are broad-host range symbionts, the spirochetes have not been reported as abundant in any other marine sponge except Clathrina clathrus. However, spirochetes are regularly the most dominant populations in marine corals and terrestrial invertebrates where they are predicted to serve as beneficial symbionts. Here, we interrogated eight metagenome-assembled genomes of the latrunculid-associated spirochetes and found that these symbionts are phylogenetically distinct from all invertebrate-associated spirochetes. The symbiosis between the spirochetes and their sponge host appears to have been established relatively recently.},
}
@article {pmid39568770,
year = {2024},
author = {Guéganton, M and Methou, P and Aubé, J and Noël, C and Rouxel, O and Cueff-Gauchard, V and Gayet, N and Durand, L and Pradillon, F and Cambon-Bonavita, MA},
title = {Symbiont Acquisition Strategies in Post-Settlement Stages of Two Co-Occurring Deep-Sea Rimicaris Shrimp.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {14},
number = {11},
pages = {e70369},
pmid = {39568770},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {At deep-sea hydrothermal vents, deprived of light, most living communities are fueled by chemosynthetic microorganisms. These can form symbiotic associations with metazoan hosts, which are then called holobionts. Among these, two endemic co-occurring shrimp of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR), Rimicaris exoculata and Rimicaris chacei are colonized by dense and diversified chemosynthetic symbiotic communities in their cephalothoracic cavity and their digestive system. Although both shrimp harbor similar communities, they exhibit widely different population densities, distribution patterns at small scale and diet, as well as differences in post-settlement morphological modifications leading to the adult stage. These contrasting biological traits may be linked to their symbiotic development success. Consequently, key questions related to the acquisition of the symbiotic communities and the development of the three symbiotic organs are still open. Here we examined symbiotic development in juveniles of R. exoculata and R. chacei from TAG and Snake Pit using 16S metabarcoding to identify which symbiotic lineages are present at each juvenile stage. In addition, we highlighted the abundance and distribution of microorganisms at each stage using Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). For the first time, Candidatus Microvillispirillaceae family with Candidatus Rimicarispirillum spp. (midgut tube), Candidatus Foregutplasma rimicarensis and Candidatus BG2-rimicarensis (foregut) were identified in late juvenile stages. However, these lineages were absent in early juvenile stages, which coincides for the midgut tube with our observations of an immature tissue, devoid of microvilli. Conversely, symbiotic lineages from the cephalothoracic cavity were present from the earliest juvenile stages of both species and their overall diversities were similar to those of adults. These results suggest different symbiont acquisition dynamics between the cephalothoracic cavity and the digestive system, which may also involve distinct transmission mechanisms.},
}
@article {pmid39566496,
year = {2024},
author = {Howard, NOA and Williams, A and Durant, E and Pressel, S and Daniell, TJ and Field, KJ},
title = {Preferential nitrogen and carbon exchange dynamics in Mucoromycotina "fine root endophyte"-plant symbiosis.},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.028},
pmid = {39566496},
issn = {1879-0445},
abstract = {Mucoromycotina "fine root endophyte" (MFRE) fungi are an understudied group of plant symbionts that regularly co-occur with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The functional significance of MFRE in plant nutrition remains underexplored, particularly their role in plant nitrogen (N) assimilation from the variety of sources typically found in soils. Using four [15]N-labeled N sources to track N transfer between MFRE and Plantago lanceolata, applied singly and in tandem, we investigated N source discrimination, preference, and transfer to host plants by MFRE. We traced movement of [14]C from plants to MFRE to determine the impact of N source type on plant carbon (C) allocation to MFRE. We found that MFRE preferentially transferred N derived from glycine and ammonium to plant hosts over that derived from nitrate and urea, regardless of other N sources present. MFRE mycelium supplied with glycine and ammonium contained more plant-derived carbon than those supplied with other N sources. We show that the MFRE directly assimilates and metabolizes organic compounds, retaining C to meet its own metabolic requirements and transferring N to plant hosts. Our findings highlight diversity in the function of endomycorrhizal associations, with potentially profound implications for our understanding of the physiology and ecology of plant-fungal symbioses.},
}
@article {pmid39565462,
year = {2024},
author = {Zheng, J and Zeng, H and Zhang, Q and Ma, Y and Li, Y and Lin, J and Yang, Q},
title = {Effects of intranasal administration with a symbiotic strain of Bacillus velezensis NSV2 on nasal cavity mucosal barrier in lambs.},
journal = {Veterinary research communications},
volume = {49},
number = {1},
pages = {21},
pmid = {39565462},
issn = {1573-7446},
support = {BK20200536//the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province/ ; SCKJ-JYRC-2022-31//the Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City/ ; 32072835//the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Bacillus/physiology ; *Probiotics/administration &amp; dosage/pharmacology ; *Nasal Mucosa/microbiology ; Sheep ; *Administration, Intranasal ; Nasal Cavity/microbiology ; },
abstract = {The nasal mucosa is composed of multiple layers of barrier structures and is the first line of defense against infection by respiratory pathogenic microorganisms. A large number of commensal microorganisms are present in the nasal mucosa that mediate and regulate nasal mucosal barrier function. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of commensal microorganisms on the nasal mucosal barrier. The results revealed that the strain of Bacillus velezensis (B. velezensis) NSV2 from the nasal cavity has good probiotic abilities to resist Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Lambs were subsequently administered intranasally with B. velezensis NSV2 at 3, 12, 21, and 26 days old, respectively. For the microbial barrier, although B. velezensis NSV2 reduces the diversity of nasal microbiota, it significantly increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria in the nasal cavity, and reduced the abundance of potential pathogenic bacteria. For the mucus barrier, the number of goblet cells in the nasal mucosa significantly increased after B. velezensis NSV2 treatment. For the immune barrier, B. velezensis NSV2 also significantly increased the number of IgA[+] B cells, CD3[+] T cells and dendritic cells in the nasal mucosa, as well as the mRNA expression of interleukin (IL) 6, IL11, CCL2, and CCL20 (P < 0.05). The protein level of CCL20 also significantly raised in nasal washings (P < 0.05). Moreover, the heat-inactivated and culture products of B. velezensis NSV2 also drastically induced the expression of CCL20 in nasal mucosa explants (P < 0.05), but lower than that of the live bacteria. This study demonstrated that a symbiotic strain of B. velezensis NSV2 could improve the nasal mucosal barrier, and emphasized the important role of nasal symbiotic microbiota.},
}
@article {pmid39564484,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, Y and Xie, J and Feng, Z and Ma, L and Wu, W and Guo, C and He, J},
title = {Genomic insights into the cold adaptation and secondary metabolite potential of Pseudoalteromonas sp. WY3 from Antarctic krill.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1459716},
pmid = {39564484},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {In the Antarctic marine ecosystem, krill play a pivotal role, yet the intricate microbial community intertwined with these diminutive crustaceans remains largely unmapped. In this study, we successfully isolated and characterized a unique bacterial strain, Pseudoalteromonas sp. WY3, from Antarctic krill. Genomic analysis revealed that WY3 harbors a multitude of genes associated with cold shock proteins, oxidoreductases, and enzymes involved in the osmotic stress response, equipping it with a robust molecular arsenal to withstand frigid Antarctic conditions. Furthermore, the presence of two distinct biosynthesis-related gene clusters suggests that WY3 has the potential to synthesize diverse secondary metabolites, including aryl polyenes and ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides. Notably, the identification of genes encoding enzymes crucial for biological immunity pathways, such as apeH and ubiC, hints at a complex symbiotic relationship between WY3 and its krill host. This comprehensive study highlights the robust potential of WY3 for secondary metabolite production and its remarkable ability to thrive at extremely low temperatures in the Antarctic ecosystem, shedding light on the interplay between culturable microorganisms and their hosts in harsh environments, and providing insights into the underexplored microbial communities associated with Antarctic marine organisms and their role in environmental adaptation and biotechnological applications.},
}
@article {pmid39563157,
year = {2024},
author = {Kuksova, EV and Kostyleva, EV and Sereda, AS and Toloknova, AA and Fursova, EA and Volkova, GS},
title = {[Improving the technology for obtaining an ingredient with probiotic properties using a new complex proteolytic enzyme preparation].},
journal = {Voprosy pitaniia},
volume = {93},
number = {5},
pages = {142-152},
doi = {10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-5-142-152},
pmid = {39563157},
issn = {0042-8833},
support = {No. FGMF-2022-0006//The research was carried out within the framework of the state assignment/ ; },
mesh = {*Probiotics/pharmacology ; *Bifidobacterium/growth &amp; development/enzymology ; Aspergillus oryzae/enzymology/growth &amp; development ; Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism ; Whey Proteins/pharmacology/chemistry ; Culture Media/chemistry ; },
abstract = {The development of technologies for producing bacterial concentrates and enzyme preparations using domestic microbial strains is an urgent task. The use of whey protein hydrolysates as components of nutrient media for probiotic bacteria consortia for the cultivation of lactic acid and bifidobacteria makes it possible to improve and develop innovative processes for obtaining bacterial concentrates with the required functional properties for the production of dietary supplements. A consortium of probiotic microorganisms (lactic acid and bifidobacteria) was created in the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Food Biotechnology as a starter culture for specialized dairy products. Using strain Aspergillus oryzae 21-154 LAP a new complex enzyme preparation with a laboratory name Protoorizin LAP has been obtained providing the extensive hydrolysis of protein substrates. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the possibility of using the new domestic proteolytic enzyme preparation Protoorizin LAP in preparing whey-based nutrient media for culturing a consortium of probiotic microorganisms to obtain bacterial concentrates. Material and methods. The object of the research was a symbiotic consortium, including lactic acid bacteria strains (Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus Д-16, Lactobacillus plantarum 578/25, Lactobacillus helveticus 842(D)-2, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis М-12, Streptococcus thermophilus В-92) and bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium longum Б-2). Unclarified curd whey and whey protein concentrate were taken as the nutrient medium basis. The media were treated with β-galactosidase to reduce the lactose content. In order to hydrolyze proteins, the control culture medium was treated with commercial preparations: serine protease - Alcalase® 2.4 L and leucine aminopeptidase - Flavourzyme® 1000 L. In the experimental medium, two imported preparations were replaced with a laboratory sample of the enzyme preparation Protoorizin LAP. In the prepared nutrient media, the content of amine nitrogen, free amino acids and soluble protein was determined, and electrophoretic analysis of proteins and peptides was carried out. The consortium growth was monitored by the content of dry substances and reducing sugars, by active and titratable acidity, as well as by microscopy. The number of viable cells of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria at the end of fermentation and in the resulting bacterial concentrates were determined by sieving on the appropriate selective agar media using an automatic colony counter. Results. The effectiveness of Protoorizin LAP in the hydrolysis of whey proteins significantly exceeded the result of the combined action of Alcalase® 2.4 L and Flavourzyme® 1000 L both in terms of reducing the undigested protein content, including immunogenic fractions, and in terms of the yield of soluble protein, amine nitrogen and amino acids. The nutrient media obtained using proteases ensured good growth and development of the probiotic consortium. Due to the high content of free amino acids, the dynamics of carbohydrate consumption, titratable acidity, and the number of viable cells were higher in the medium obtained using Protoorizin LAP than when using commercial preparations. At the same time, a high titer of probiotic strains and good cultural and morphological characteristics were obtained on all media. The experimental preparation Protoorizin LAP provided the increase in viability of bacterial cells after lyophilization. Conclusion. The technological method that include application of the new proteolytic preparation Protoorizin LAP in preparing nutrient media based on whey proteins was developed. The method can be used in the technology of producing bacterial concentrates at the stage of culturing of the created lactic acid and bifidobacteria consortium. The bacterial concentrate can be recommended as a recipe ingredient in the manufacture of dietary supplements or foods for special dietary uses containing probiotics.},
}
@article {pmid39563063,
year = {2024},
author = {Acuña-Rodríguez, IS and Ballesteros, GI and Gundel, PE and Castro-Nallar, E and Barrera, A and Carrasco-Urra, F and Molina-Montenegro, MA},
title = {Fungal endophyte symbionts enhance plant adaptation in Antarctic habitats.},
journal = {Physiologia plantarum},
volume = {176},
number = {6},
pages = {e14589},
doi = {10.1111/ppl.14589},
pmid = {39563063},
issn = {1399-3054},
support = {ACT192057//ANID-PIA-Anillo/ ; RG_21_!8//Instituto Ant&#xe1;rtico Chileno INACH/ ; 3180441//Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient&#xed;fico y Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; },
mesh = {*Endophytes/physiology ; *Symbiosis/physiology ; Antarctic Regions ; *Ecosystem ; *Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Fungi/physiology ; Plant Roots/microbiology/physiology ; },
abstract = {Despite their genetic adaptation to local conditions, plants often achieve ecological success through symbiotic associations with fungal endophytes. However, the habitat-specific functionality of these interactions and their potential to drive plant adaptation to new environments remain uncertain. In this study, we tested this using the vascular flora of the Antarctic tundra (Colobanthus quitensis and Deschampsia antarctica), an extreme environment where fungal endophytes are known for playing important ecological roles. After characterizing the root-associated fungal endophyte communities of both species in two distinct Antarctic terrestrial habitats-hill and coast-we experimentally assessed the contribution of fungal endophytes to plant adaptation in each habitat. The field reciprocal transplant experiment involved removing endophytes from a set of plants and crossing symbiotic status (with and without endophytes) with habitat for both species, aiming to assess plant performance and fitness. The diversity of root fungal endophytes was similar between habitats and mainly explained by plant species, although habitat-specific endophyte community structures were identified in D. antarctica. Endophytes significantly influenced C. quitensis homeostatic regulation, including oxidative stress and osmotic control, as well as plant fitness in both environments. By contrast, the effect of endophytes on D. antarctica was particularly evident in coastal sites, suggesting an endophyte-mediated improvement in local adaptation. Altogether, our results suggest that the two Antarctic vascular plant species follow different strategies in recruiting and developing functional symbiosis with root-associated fungal communities. While C. quitensis is more generalist, D. antarctica establishes specific interactions with habitat-specific microbial symbionts, predominantly in the most stressful environmental context.},
}
@article {pmid39563004,
year = {2024},
author = {Pereira, WJ and Conde, D and Perron, N and Schmidt, HW and Dervinis, C and Venado, RE and Ané, JM and Kirst, M},
title = {Investigating biological nitrogen fixation via single-cell transcriptomics.},
journal = {Journal of experimental botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jxb/erae454},
pmid = {39563004},
issn = {1460-2431},
abstract = {The extensive use of nitrogen fertilizers has detrimental environmental consequences, and it is fundamental for society to explore sustainable alternatives. One promising avenue is engineering root nodule symbiosis, a naturally occurring process in certain plant species within the nitrogen-fixing clade, into non-leguminous crops. Advancements in single-cell transcriptomics provide unprecedented opportunities to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying root nodule symbiosis at the cellular level. This review summarizes key findings from single-cell studies in Medicago truncatula, Lotus japonicus, and Glycine max. We highlight how these studies address fundamental questions about the development of root nodule symbiosis, including the following findings: Single-cell transcriptomics has revealed a conserved transcriptional program in root hair and cortical cells during rhizobial infection, suggesting a common infection pathway across legume species. Characterization of determinate and indeterminate nodules using single-cell technologies supports the compartmentalization of nitrogen fixation, assimilation, and transport into distinct cell populations. Single-cell transcriptomics data has enabled the identification of novel root nodule symbiosis genes and provided new approaches for prioritizing candidate genes for functional characterization. Trajectory inference and RNA velocity analyses of single-cell transcriptomics data have allowed the reconstruction of cellular lineages and dynamic transcriptional states during root nodule symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39562434,
year = {2024},
author = {Kedves, A and Haspel, H and Yavuz, &#xc7; and Kutus, B and Kónya, Z},
title = {A comparative study on the chronic responses of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on aerobic granular sludge and algal-bacterial granular sludge processes.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39562434},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {The chronic effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) on aerobic granular sludge (AGS) and algal-bacterial granular sludge (ABGS) was examined in this study. Sequencing batch bioreactors (SBRs) and photo sequencing batch bioreactors (PSBRs) were operated with synthetic wastewater containing 0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 50 mg L[-1] TiO2 NPs for 10 days. Nanoparticles at concentrations of 1 and 5 mg L[-1] did not impact nutrient removal but led to an increase in extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), primarily in protein (PN). With increasing nanoparticle concentration, the negative effect became more pronounced, mainly in the AGS SBRs. At 50 mg L[-1] TiO2, chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), and phosphorus (PO4[3-]) removal decreased by 20.9%, 12.2%, and 35.1% in AGS, respectively, while in ABGS, they reached only 13.4%, 5.7%, and 14.2%. ABGS exhibited steady-state nutrient removal at 30 and 50 mg L[-1] TiO2 NPs after around 5 days. The higher microbial activity and EPS content in the sludge, coupled with the symbiotic relationship between algae and bacteria, contributed to the higher tolerance of ABGS to nanoparticles. Finally, although nanoparticles reduced biomass in both types of bioreactors, the accumulation of TiO2 NPs in the sludge, confirmed by Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis, and the absence of detectable titanium concentrations in the effluent wastewater, measured by Inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry, may be attributed to the specific operational conditions of this study, including the relatively short operation period (10 days) and high initial MLSS concentration (6 g L[-1]).},
}
@article {pmid39562330,
year = {2024},
author = {Higashi, CHV and Patel, V and Kamalaker, B and Inaganti, R and Bressan, A and Russell, JA and Oliver, KM},
title = {Another tool in the toolbox: Aphid-specific Wolbachia protect against fungal pathogens.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology},
volume = {26},
number = {11},
pages = {e70005},
doi = {10.1111/1462-2920.70005},
pmid = {39562330},
issn = {1462-2920},
support = {1754302//National Science Foundation/ ; 2109582//National Science Foundation/ ; 2240392//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Aphids/microbiology ; Animals ; *Wolbachia/physiology ; *Symbiosis ; Musa/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Aphids harbor nine common facultative symbionts, most mediating one or more ecological interactions. Wolbachia pipientis, well-studied in other arthropods, remains poorly characterized in aphids. In Pentalonia nigronervosa and P. caladii, global pests of banana, Wolbachia was initially hypothesized to function as a co-obligate nutritional symbiont alongside the traditional obligate Buchnera. However, genomic analyses failed to support this role. Our sampling across numerous populations revealed that more than 80% of Pentalonia aphids carried an M-supergroup strain of Wolbachia (wPni). The lack of fixation further supports a facultative status for Wolbachia, while high infection frequencies in these entirely asexual aphids strongly suggest Wolbachia confers net fitness benefits. Finding no correlation between Wolbachia presence and food plant use, we challenged Wolbachia-infected aphids with common natural enemies. Bioassays revealed that Wolbachia conferred significant protection against a specialized fungal pathogen (Pandora neoaphidis) but not against generalist pathogens or parasitoids. Wolbachia also improved aphid fitness in the absence of enemy challenge. Thus, we identified the first clear benefits for aphid-associated Wolbachia and M-supergroup strains specifically. Aphid-Wolbachia systems provide unique opportunities to merge key models of symbiosis to better understand infection dynamics and mechanisms underpinning symbiont-mediated phenotypes.},
}
@article {pmid39562078,
year = {2025},
author = {Xing, X and Liu, C and Zheng, L},
title = {Preparation of photo-crosslinked microalgae-carboxymethyl chitosan composite hydrogels for enhanced wound healing.},
journal = {Carbohydrate polymers},
volume = {348},
number = {Pt A},
pages = {122803},
doi = {10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122803},
pmid = {39562078},
issn = {1879-1344},
mesh = {*Chitosan/chemistry/analogs &amp; derivatives/pharmacology ; *Hydrogels/chemistry/pharmacology ; *Wound Healing/drug effects ; *Microalgae ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/chemistry ; Ciprofloxacin/pharmacology/chemistry ; Cross-Linking Reagents/chemistry ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/drug effects ; Biocompatible Materials/chemistry/pharmacology ; Mice ; },
abstract = {Integrating microalgae into wound dressings has proven effective in promoting chronic wound healing through photosynthesis-induced oxygen release. However, challenges such as high crosslinking temperatures and prolonged gel molding processes limit microalgae growth and reduce the overall therapeutic impact. In this work, inspired by cell-symbiotic photo-crosslinked hydrogels, we present a novel photo-crosslinked microalgae carboxymethyl chitosan composite hydrogel. This hydrogel completes crosslinking at room temperature within 30 s, enhancing chronic wound healing. The composite gel incorporates photosynthesizing unicellular microalgae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) and the antimicrobial agent ciprofloxacin during preparation. In light, the gel continues to photosynthesize, releasing oxygen while simultaneously acting as an antibacterial agent. This dual action results in the upregulation of CD31 and VEGFA levels and the downregulation of HIF-1α levels in diabetic wounds. The wound closure rate reached approximately 96.70 % on day 12 in the composite gel group, compared to only 78.98 % in the control group. Therefore, the composite gel promotes healing by reducing local hypoxia, encouraging angiogenesis, and lowering infection risk. These results suggest that photo-crosslinked microalgae composite gels provide an effective strategy for localized oxygen delivery to promote wound healing and offer a viable method for rapidly preparing living biomaterials under suitable conditions.},
}
@article {pmid39561795,
year = {2024},
author = {Martínez-Renau, E and Martín-Platero, AM and Barón, MD and García-Núñez, AJ and Martínez-Bueno, M and Ruiz-Castellano, C and Tomás, G and Soler, JJ},
title = {Colouration of the uropygial secretion in starling nestlings: a possible role of bacteria in parent-offspring communication.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {291},
number = {2035},
pages = {20241857},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2024.1857},
pmid = {39561795},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci&#xf3;n/ ; //Agencia Estatal de Investigaci&#xf3;n/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Starlings/physiology/metabolism ; Microbiota ; Pigmentation ; Animal Communication ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Color ; },
abstract = {The use of cosmetic substances in communication is widespread in animals. Birds, for instance, use their uropygial secretion as a cosmetic in scenarios of sexual selection and parent-offspring communication. This secretion harbours symbiotic bacteria that could mediate the synthesis of pigments for cosmetic colouration. Here, we investigate the association between bacteria and the conspicuous yellow secretion used by spotless starling (Sturnus unicolor) nestlings to stain their mouths, and hypothesize a possible role of bacteria in the colour production. We also experimentally explore how nestling oxidizing condition influences the microbiota, suggesting that the possible bacterial-mediated coloured secretion acts as a reliable honest signal. An antioxidant supplementation experiment, previously known to affect secretion and mouth colouration, was conducted to assess its impact on the microbial community of secretions from control and experimental siblings. Antioxidant supplementation increased richness and phylogenetic diversity of the secretion's microbiota. Moreover, the microbiota's alpha and beta diversity, and the abundance of two bacterial genera (Parabacteroides and Pseudogracilibacillus), correlated with secretion colour. These findings demonstrate that antioxidant condition influences the gland microbiota of starling nestlings, and suggest a link between bacteria and the colouration of their cosmetic secretion. Alternative explanations for the detected links between bacteria and colouration are discussed.},
}
@article {pmid39560239,
year = {2024},
author = {Ielegems, E and Spooren, A and Delooz, E and Vanrie, J},
title = {Empowering a Universal Design Course for the Built Environment: Exploring Learning Experiences Through an Interdisciplinary, Multicultural and Civic Approach.},
journal = {Studies in health technology and informatics},
volume = {320},
number = {},
pages = {183-190},
doi = {10.3233/SHTI241002},
pmid = {39560239},
issn = {1879-8365},
mesh = {Humans ; *Cultural Diversity ; Built Environment ; Universal Design ; Empowerment ; Curriculum ; },
abstract = {Promoting inclusion and diversity is essential for creating an inclusive built environment. Next to building knowledge and understanding on the topic, it is also crucial to foster inclusive attitudes and awareness for both personal and professional growth. In developing a new architectural course 'Designing with People', our goal was to elevate knowledge and understanding of an inclusive built environment as well as to create more awareness on inclusion and diversity, guided by the Universal Design paradigm. To achieve this, the authors established a civic approach and facilitated interdisciplinary, intercultural collaborations to create a symbiotic learning environment among international students Interior Architecture and Architecture, students Occupational Therapy, clients and user/experts. This paper explores the strategy for advancing universal design through collaboration and examines if and how a network of stakeholders can mutually benefit from shared learning experiences. To understand stakeholders' perspectives, the study utilizes reflection reports, surveys with open-ended questions, and self-assessment questionnaires. Results point to notable positive learning experiences in knowledge-sharing, way of working and thinking, a more nuanced view on people with disabilities and the synergistic combination of diverse perspectives, indicating that 1 + 1 = 3. While enhanced awareness among students on diversity and disability topics was less noticeable throughout the course, the intensive collaboration with international students from diverse geographical and cultural backgrounds seemed to increase awareness of other cultures and identities. The outcomes suggest that promoting mutual learning experiences among students from diverse disciplines together with other stakeholders, can not only enhance educational settings but also holds the potential to inform and improve universal design practices in various professional contexts. This opens up opportunities to significantly enrich the discourse on inclusion and universal design.},
}
@article {pmid39560031,
year = {2024},
author = {Yuruker, O and Yılmaz, &#x130; and Güvenir, M},
title = {The Symbiotic Defence: Lung Microbiota and The Local Immune System.},
journal = {The new microbiologica},
volume = {47},
number = {3},
pages = {195-200},
pmid = {39560031},
issn = {1121-7138},
mesh = {Humans ; *Lung/microbiology/immunology ; *Microbiota ; *Symbiosis ; Animals ; Immune System ; Bacteria/classification/isolation &amp; purification ; Lung Diseases/microbiology/immunology ; },
abstract = {Microbiota defines all microorganisms that are vital for our immunological, hormonal, and metabolic homeostasis by living symbiotically in different parts of our body. On the other hand, the microbiome is a collection of microorganisms that can be detected together. The lungs are constantly exposed to airborne microorganisms found in the upper respiratory tract. Until recently, the lower respiratory tract was considered sterile, as bacteria were rarely isolated from the lungs by conventional culture methods. Most chronic inflammatory lung diseases are caused by dysregulation of the lung microbiota, which has been discussed in many review papers. However, little is known whether microbiota dysymbiosis is a consequence or a cause of these diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of lung microbiota and lung immunity.},
}
@article {pmid39559543,
year = {2024},
author = {Waliaula, PK and Kiarie, EG and Diarra, MS},
title = {Predisposition factors and control strategies of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in laying hens.},
journal = {Frontiers in veterinary science},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1474549},
pmid = {39559543},
issn = {2297-1769},
abstract = {Shift in laying hens housing from conventional cage-based systems to alternatives has impacted their health and performance. Microorganisms colonize young chick in the early stages of their physiological and immune development. These colonizing microbes originate from parent and the environment. Escherichia coli is among the normal gut colonizing bacteria however, some E. coli strains known as avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC), cause local or systemic infections (colibacillosis) responsible of significant economic losses to the poultry industry. Potential APEC strains and other poultry gut microbiota are influenced by several factors such as housing system, and the use of feed additives (prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotic, among others). This review will discuss the status of pullets and layers immunity, gut health, and predisposing factors of colibacillosis. Dietary interventions and some colibacillosis mitigation strategies in pullets and laying hens are reviewed and discussed. With the development of sequencing technologies and the use of feed additives as alternatives to antibiotics, future studies need to understand some of the complex associations between the feed additives, the rearing environment, and their selective pressure on gut microbiota, including E. coli, and their impacts on immune development in pullets and hens.},
}
@article {pmid39558079,
year = {2024},
author = {Sun, Y and Sheng, H and Rädecker, N and Lan, Y and Tong, H and Huang, L and Jiang, L and Diaz-Pulido, G and Zou, B and Zhang, Y and Kao, SJ and Qian, PY and Huang, H},
title = {Symbiodiniaceae algal symbionts of Pocillopora damicornis larvae provide more carbon to their coral host under elevated levels of acidification and temperature.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {1528},
pmid = {39558079},
issn = {2399-3642},
support = {42206153//National Science Foundation of China | National Natural Science Foundation of China-Yunnan Joint Fund (NSFC-Yunnan Joint Fund)/ ; 41906040//National Science Foundation of China | National Natural Science Foundation of China-Yunnan Joint Fund (NSFC-Yunnan Joint Fund)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Anthozoa/physiology/metabolism/microbiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Carbon/metabolism ; *Larva/metabolism/growth &amp; development/physiology ; Photosynthesis ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Temperature ; Dinoflagellida/physiology/metabolism ; Climate Change ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Seawater/microbiology/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Climate change destabilizes the symbiosis between corals and Symbiodiniaceae. The effects of ocean acidification and warming on critical aspects of coral survical such as symbiotic interactions (i.e., carbon and nitrogen assimilation and exchange) during the planula larval stage remain understudied. By combining physiological and stable isotope techniques, here we show that photosynthesis and carbon and nitrogen assimilation (H[13]CO3[-] and [15]NH4[+]) in Pocillopora damicornis coral larvae is enhanced under acidification (1000 µatm) and elevated temperature (32 °C). Larvae maintain high survival and settlement rates under these treatment conditions with no observed decline in symbiont densities or signs of bleaching. Acidification and elevated temperature both enhance the net and gross photosynthesis of Symbiodiniaceae. This enhances light respiration and elevates C:N ratios within the holobiont. The increased carbon availability is primarily reflected in the [13]C enrichment of the host, indicating a greater contribution of the algal symbionts to the host metabolism. We propose that this enhanced mutualistic symbiotic nutrient cycling may bolster coral larvae's resistance to future ocean conditions. This research broadens our understanding of the early life stages of corals by emphasizing the significance of symbiotic interactions beyond those of adult corals.},
}
@article {pmid39555692,
year = {2024},
author = {Silvestri, A and Ledford, WC and Fiorilli, V and Votta, C and Scerna, A and Tucconi, J and Mocchetti, A and Grasso, G and Balestrini, R and Jin, H and Rubio-Somoza, I and Lanfranco, L},
title = {A fungal sRNA silences a host plant transcription factor to promote arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.20273},
pmid = {39555692},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {CN_00000033//European Commission/ ; 945043//European Union's Horizon 2020/ ; //Universit&#xe0; degli Studi di Torino/ ; RTI2018-097262-B-I00//MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033/ ; },
abstract = {Cross-kingdom RNA interference (ckRNAi) is a mechanism of interspecies communication where small RNAs (sRNAs) are transported from one organism to another; these sRNAs silence target genes in trans by loading into host AGO proteins. In this work, we investigated the occurrence of ckRNAi in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis (AMS). We used an in silico prediction analysis to identify a sRNA (Rir2216) from the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis and its putative plant gene target, the Medicago truncatula MtWRKY69 transcription factor. Heterologous co-expression assays in Nicotiana benthamiana, 5' RACE reactions and AGO1-immunoprecipitation assays from mycorrhizal roots were used to characterize the Rir2216-MtWRKY69 interaction. We further analyzed MtWRKY69 expression profile and the contribution of constitutive and conditional MtWRKY69 expression to AMS. We show that Rir2216 is loaded into an AGO1 silencing complex from the host plant M. truncatula, leading to cleavage of a host target transcript encoding for the MtWRKY69 transcription factor. MtWRKY69 is specifically downregulated in arbusculated cells in mycorrhizal roots and increased levels of MtWRKY69 expression led to a reduced AM colonization level. Our results indicate that MtWRKY69 silencing, mediated by a fungal sRNA, is relevant for AMS; we thus present the first experimental evidence of fungus to plant ckRNAi in AMS.},
}
@article {pmid39553969,
year = {2024},
author = {Otjacques, E and Paula, JR and Ruby, EG and Xavier, JC and McFall-Ngai, MJ and Rosa, R and Schunter, C},
title = {Developmental and transcriptomic responses of Hawaiian bobtail squid early stages to ocean warming and acidification.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2024.10.31.621237},
pmid = {39553969},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {1 Cephalopods play a central ecological role across all oceans and realms. However, under the current climate crisis, their physiology and behaviour are impacted, and we are beginning to comprehend the effects of environmental stressors at a molecular level. Here, we study the Hawaiian bobtail squid (Euprymna scolopes), known for its specific binary symbiosis with the bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri acquired post-hatching. We aim to understand the response (i.e., developmental and molecular) of E. scolopes after the embryogenetic exposure to different conditions: i) standard conditions (control), ii) increased CO 2 (ΔpH 0.4 units), iii) warming (+3ºC), or iv) a combination of the two treatments. We observed a decrease in hatching success across all treatments relative to the control. Using transcriptomics, we identified a potential trade-off in favour of metabolism and energy production, at the expense of development under increased CO 2 . In contrast, elevated temperature shortened the developmental time and, at a molecular level, showed signs of alternative splicing and the potential for RNA editing. The data also suggest that the initiation of the symbiosis may be negatively affected by these environmental drivers of change in the biosphere, although coping mechanisms by the animal may occur.},
}
@article {pmid39553893,
year = {2024},
author = {Pfab, F and Detmer, AR and Moeller, HV and Nisbet, RM and Putnam, HM and Cunning, R},
title = {Heat stress and bleaching in corals: a bioenergetic model.},
journal = {Coral reefs (Online)},
volume = {43},
number = {6},
pages = {1627-1645},
pmid = {39553893},
issn = {1432-0975},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: The coral-dinoflagellate endosymbiosis is based on nutrient exchanges that impact holobiont energetics. Of particular concern is the breakdown or dysbiosis of this partnership that is seen in response to elevated temperatures, where loss of symbionts through coral bleaching can lead to starvation and mortality. Here we extend a dynamic bioenergetic model of coral symbioses to explore the mechanisms by which temperature impacts various processes in the symbiosis and to enable simulational analysis of thermal bleaching. Our model tests the effects of two distinct mechanisms for how increased temperature impacts the symbiosis: 1) accelerated metabolic rates due to thermodynamics and 2) damage to the photosynthetic machinery of the symbiont caused by heat stress. Model simulations show that the model can capture key biological responses to different levels of increased temperatures. Moderately increased temperatures increase metabolic rates and slightly decrease photosynthesis. The slightly decreased photosynthesis rates cause the host to receive less carbon and share more nitrogen with the symbiont. This results in temporarily increased symbiont growth and a higher symbiont/host ratio. In contrast, higher temperatures cause a breakdown of the symbiosis due to escalating feedback that involves further reduction in photosynthesis and insufficient energy supply for CO 2 concentration by the host. This leads to the accumulation of excess light energy and the generation of reactive oxygen species, eventually triggering symbiont expulsion and coral bleaching. Importantly, bleaching does not result from accelerated metabolic rates alone; it only occurs as a result of the photodamage mechanism due to its effect on nutrient cycling. Both higher light intensities and higher levels of DIN render corals more susceptible to heat stress. Conversely, heterotrophic feeding can increase the maximal temperature that can be tolerated by the coral. Collectively these results show that a bioenergetics model can capture many observed patterns of heat stress in corals, such as higher metabolic rates and higher symbiont/host ratios at moderately increased temperatures and symbiont expulsion at strongly increased temperatures.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00338-024-02561-1.},
}
@article {pmid39552643,
year = {2024},
author = {Mwampashi, LL and Magubika, AJ and Ringo, JF and Theonest, DJ and Tryphone, GM and Chilagane, LA and Nassary, EK},
title = {Exploring agro-ecological significance, knowledge gaps, and research priorities in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1491861},
pmid = {39552643},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: This systematic review examines the global agricultural relevance and practical environmental implications of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) within the phylum Glomeromycota. Following PRISMA guidelines, ensuring a comprehensive and unbiased literature review, a literature search was conducted, focusing on the functional roles of AMF in enhancing crop productivity, nutrient uptake, and soil health. Key findings reveal that AMF contribute significantly to sustainable agriculture by reducing the need for chemical fertilizers and increasing plant resilience to environmental stressors like drought, salinity, or pest resistance. The review highlights the importance of AMF in forming symbiotic relationships with plants, which enhance nutrient absorption and improve soil structure, showcasing long-term benefits such as reduced erosion or improved water retention. However, the current literature lacks in-depth exploration of the taxonomy and evolutionary aspects of AMF, as well as the specific functional roles they play in different agricultural contexts, e.g., understanding evolution could enhance strain selection for specific crops. This review identifies several urgent research gaps, including a need for a more refined understanding of AMF community dynamics under varying land management practices. For example, there are gaps in and a critical evaluation of advanced molecular techniques. Such techniques are essential for studying these interactions. Addressing these gaps will enhance the integration of AMF into sustainable agricultural systems and improve ecosystem management practices across different geographical regions. Future research should prioritize developing precise molecular imaging techniques and optimizing AMF applications for different crops and soil types to maximize their ecological and agricultural benefits. This could be practical through interdisciplinary collaboration (e.g., involving molecular biologists, agronomists, etc.). In conclusion, this review advances the practical application of AMF in agriculture and its contribution to biodiversity conservation in agroecosystems. Integrating these findings into policy frameworks could encourage sustainable farming practices, promote the adoption of AMF inoculants, and foster incentives for environmentally friendly land management strategies.<br><br>https://www.bmj.com/content/372/bmj.n71.},
}
@article {pmid39552162,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhong, S and Jiang, Z and Zhang, J and Gu, Z and Wei, J and Li, B and Li, F},
title = {Study on the Structure and Function of Intestinal Microorganisms in Silkworm Maggot Exorista sorbillans.},
journal = {Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology},
volume = {117},
number = {3},
pages = {e70008},
doi = {10.1002/arch.70008},
pmid = {39552162},
issn = {1520-6327},
support = {//This study was Supported by the earmarked fund for CARS-18, the grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 32172795), and by Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Sericulture and Silk (2022GXCSSC26), the Science and Technology Support Program of Suzhou (SNG2023016, SNG2022056) and a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions./ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Bombyx/microbiology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Larva/microbiology ; *Diptera/microbiology ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; },
abstract = {Insects have important symbiotic relationships with their intestinal microbiota. The intestinal microbiota is involved in or influences various processes in insects such as development, metabolism, immunity, and reproduction. Currently, research on the intestinal microbiota of parasitic insects is still in its early stages. The tachinid parasitoid Exorista sorbillans is a dipteran parasitic insect, with the silkworm (Bombyx mori) being its main host. Silkworms parasitized by E. sorbillans can suffer from severe silkworm maggot disease, which also poses a serious threat to sericulture. In this study, the intestinal microbiota of larval E. sorbillans at three instar stages was analyzed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to explore the community composition of the intestinal microbiota. Additionally, using conventional culture methods, six cultivable strains were isolated and identified from the larval E. sorbillans on an antibiotic-free LB medium, and four cultivable strains were isolated and identified from the hemolymph of parasitized silkworms. This study investigated the E. sorbillans from the perspective of intestinal microbiota, elucidating the composition and structural characteristics of the intestinal microbiota of the tachinid parasitoid, and preliminarily discussing the functional roles of several major microorganisms, which helps to further clarify the potential mechanisms of interaction between the parasitoid and the silkworm.},
}
@article {pmid39549943,
year = {2024},
author = {Meng, ZK and Rao, SM and Hu, YK and Zhou, X and Yang, Q and Tan, RX and Wang, YS},
title = {Discovery of undescribed anthracycline-derived polyketides with cytotoxicity from endophytic Streptomyces chartreusis M7.},
journal = {Phytochemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {114337},
doi = {10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114337},
pmid = {39549943},
issn = {1873-3700},
abstract = {Endophytic actinomycetes exhibit considerable potential for the production of biologically active metabolites due to their coevolution with plant hosts. In this study, an endophytic Streptomyces chartreusis M7 was isolated from Houttuynia cordata Thunb. Bioactivity-guided investigation of the metabolites produced by this strain led to the identification of thirteen anthracycline-derived polyketides, including five unreported anthraquinones designated streptoquinones A-E (1-5) and two undescribed angular polyketides named chartins A and B (6-7) along with six knowns. Their structures were elucidated through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis and ECD calculations. Notably, chartins A (6) and B (7) feature angular tetracyclic and pentacyclic skeletons, respectively, which have undergone several oxidative rearrangements. Moreover, streptoquinone A (1) exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against A549 cells, with an IC50 value of 4.8 μM.},
}
@article {pmid39549591,
year = {2024},
author = {Brockhausen, I and Falconer, D and Sara, S},
title = {Relationships between bacteria and the mucus layer.},
journal = {Carbohydrate research},
volume = {546},
number = {},
pages = {109309},
doi = {10.1016/j.carres.2024.109309},
pmid = {39549591},
issn = {1873-426X},
abstract = {The mucus layer on epithelial cells is an essential barrier, as well as a nutrient-rich niche for bacteria, forming a dynamic, functional and symbiotic ecosystem and first line of defense against invading pathogens. Particularly bacteria in biofilms are very difficult to eradicate. The extensively O-glycosylated mucins are the main glycoproteins in mucus that interact with microbes. For example, mucins act as adhesion receptors and nutritional substrates for gut bacteria. Mucins also play important roles in immune responses, and they control the composition of the microbiome, primarily due to the abundance of complex O-glycans. In inflammation or infection, the structures of mucin O-glycans can change and thus affect mucin function, impact biofilm formation and the induction of virulence pathways in bacteria. In turn, bacteria can support host cell growth, mucin production and can stimulate changes in the host immune system and responses leading to healthy tissue function. The external polysaccharides of bacteria are critical for controlling adhesion and biofilm formation. It is therefore important to understand the relationships between the mucus layer and microbes, the mechanisms and regulation of the biosynthesis of mucins, of bacterial surface polysaccharides, and adhesins. This knowledge can provide biomarkers, vaccines and help to develop new approaches for improved therapies, including antibiotic treatments.},
}
@article {pmid39549338,
year = {2024},
author = {Kim, HS and Ahn, JW and Damodar, K and Park, JY and Yoo, YM and Joo, SS},
title = {Identification and characterization of a surfactin from Pseudomonas gessardii: A symbiotic bacterium with potent anticancer activity.},
journal = {Biochemical and biophysical research communications},
volume = {739},
number = {},
pages = {150989},
doi = {10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150989},
pmid = {39549338},
issn = {1090-2104},
abstract = {Prasiola japonica, traditionally used as food and folk medicine in South Korea, exerts pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer effects. In this study, we explored symbiotic microbes associated with P. japonica and identified Pseudomonas gessardii as a nonpathogenic symbiotic bacterium through 16 S rDNA sequencing. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of P. gessardii ethanol extracts, utilizing a series of non-polar to polar solvents, led to the isolation of a single bioactive compound (SF10) from the ethyl acetate fraction. Structural analysis using LC-MS and NMR spectroscopy identified SF10 as surfactin C15, a lipopeptide consisting of 7 amino acids and a β-hydroxy fatty acid chain containing 15 carbon atoms. This represents the first discovery of surfactin production in P. gessardii, expanding known surfactin-producing genera beyond Bacillus. In HT-29 colorectal cancer cells, surfactin C15 demonstrated significant anticancer activity through multiple mechanisms: inhibition of cancer stem cell marker CD133 expression, upregulation of pro-apoptotic factors (CHOP, PUMA, DR5), and modulation of cell cycle regulators (CDKN1A,CCNE1, CDK5). Furthermore, surfactin C15 induced necrotic cell death, confirmed by increased lactate dehydrogenase release and flow cytometry analysis showing dose-dependent increases in necrotic cell populations. This study reveals a novel source of surfactin with unique cancer cell-targeting properties, particularly through its ability to induce necrosis in colorectal cancer cells, suggesting potential therapeutic applications in cancer treatment.},
}
@article {pmid39548600,
year = {2024},
author = {Sun, Q and Yuan, Z and Sun, Y and Sun, L},
title = {Integrated multi-approaches reveal unique metabolic mechanisms of Vestimentifera to adapt to deep sea.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {241},
pmid = {39548600},
issn = {2049-2618},
support = {LSKJ202203100//Science and Technology Innovation Project of Laoshan Laboratory/ ; 41806202//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32201219//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 42221005//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2022HWYQ-087//Science Fund Program for Distinguished Young Scholars of Shandong Province (Overseas)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis ; Trehalose/metabolism ; Polychaeta/metabolism ; Bacteria/metabolism/genetics/classification ; Hydrothermal Vents/microbiology ; Transcriptome ; Gluconeogenesis ; Adaptation, Physiological ; Glycogen/metabolism ; Glucosyltransferases/genetics/metabolism ; Metabolome ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Vestimentiferan tubeworms are deep-sea colonizers, in which chemoautotrophic symbiosis was first observed. These animals are gutless and depend on endosymbiotic bacteria for organic compound synthesis and nutrition supply. Taxonomically, vestimentiferans belong to Siboglinidae and Annelida. Compared with other siboglinids, vestimentiferans are distinguished by high tolerance of the prevailing hydrogen sulfide in hydrothermal vents, rapid growth in local habitats, and a physical structure consisting of a thick chitinous tube. The metabolic mechanisms contributing to these features remain elusive.<br><br>RESULTS: Comparative genomics revealed that unlike other annelids, vestimentiferans possessed trehaloneogenesis and lacked gluconeogenesis. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses detected the expression of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase/phosphatase (TPSP), the key enzyme of trehaloneogenesis, and trehalose production in vestimentiferan tissues. In addition to trehaloneogenesis, glycogen biosynthesis evidenced by packed glycogen granules was also found in vestimentiferan symbionts, but not in other Siboglinidae symbionts. Data mining and analyses of invertebrate TPSP revealed that the TPSP in Vestimentifera, as well as Cnidaria, Rotifera, Urochordata, and Cephalochordata, likely originated from Arthropoda, possibly as a result of transposon-mediated inter-phyla gene transfer.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study indicates a critical role of bacterial glycogen biosynthesis in the highly efficient symbiont&#x2009;-&#x2009;vestimentiferan cooperation. This study provides a new perspective for understanding the environmental adaptation strategies of vestimentiferans and adds new insights into the mechanism of metabolic evolution in Metazoa. Video Abstract.},
}
@article {pmid39548567,
year = {2024},
author = {Qi, J and Xiao, F and Liu, X and Li, J and Wang, H and Li, S and Yu, H and Xu, Y and Wang, H},
title = {The fall armyworm converts maize endophytes into its own probiotics to detoxify benzoxazinoids and promote caterpillar growth.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {240},
pmid = {39548567},
issn = {2049-2618},
mesh = {*Zea mays/microbiology/parasitology ; Animals ; *Endophytes/metabolism ; *Spodoptera/microbiology ; *Benzoxazines/metabolism ; Probiotics/metabolism ; Larva/microbiology ; Symbiosis ; Pantoea/metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; Plant Leaves/microbiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda) threatens maize production worldwide, and benzoxazinoids (Bxs) are known as the main secondary metabolites produced by maize to defend against FAW. However, we do not yet know whether and in what ways certain endophytes in the digestive system of FAW can metabolize Bxs, thus enhancing the fitness of FAW when feeding on maize.<br><br>RESULTS: Using Bxs as the sole carbon and nitrogen source, we isolated Pantoea dispersa from the guts of FAW. P. dispersa can colonize maize roots and leaves as indicated by GFP-labeling and further successfully established itself as an endophyte in the Malpighian tubules and the gut of FAW after FAW feeding activities. Once established, it can be vertically transmitted through FAW eggs, suggesting the potential that FAW can convert maize-derived endophytes into symbiotic bacteria for intergenerational transmission. The prevalence of P. dispersa in FAW guts and maize leaves was also confirmed over large geographic regions, indicating its evolutionary adaptation in fields. Bxs determination in the gut and frass of FAW combined with bioassays performance on maize bx2 mutants revealed that the colonization of P. dispersa can promote FAW growth by metabolizing Bxs rather than other metabolites. Additionally, genome and transcriptome analyses identified plasmid-borne genes, rather than chromosomes of this species, were crucial for Bxs metabolism. This was further validated through in vitro prokaryotic expression assays by expressing two candidate genes form the plasmid.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: FAW can convert maize endophytes into its own probiotics to detoxify Bxs and thus enhance caterpillar growth. This represents a novel strategy for lepidopteran pests-transforming allies of the host into its own-thereby shedding light on the rapid spread of FAW and enhancing our understanding of ecological and evolutionary mechanisms underlying the pest-microbe-plant interactions. Video Abstract.},
}
@article {pmid39548374,
year = {2024},
author = {Heppert, JK and Awori, RM and Cao, M and Chen, G and McLeish, J and Goodrich-Blair, H},
title = {Analyses of Xenorhabdus griffiniae genomes reveal two distinct sub-species that display intra-species variation due to prophages.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {1087},
pmid = {39548374},
issn = {1471-2164},
mesh = {*Xenorhabdus/genetics/classification ; *Prophages/genetics ; *Genome, Bacterial ; *Phylogeny ; Symbiosis ; Animals ; Genomics/methods ; Genetic Variation ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Nematodes of the genus Steinernema and their Xenorhabdus bacterial symbionts are lethal entomopathogens that are useful in the biocontrol of insect pests, as sources of diverse natural products, and as research models for mutualism and parasitism. Xenorhabdus play a central role in all aspects of the Steinernema lifecycle, and a deeper understanding of their genomes therefore has the potential to spur advances in each of these applications.<br><br>RESULTS: Here, we report a comparative genomics analysis of Xenorhabdus griffiniae, including the symbiont of Steinernema hermaphroditum nematodes, for which genetic and genomic tools are being developed. We sequenced and assembled circularized genomes for three Xenorhabdus strains: HGB2511, ID10 and TH1. We then determined their relationships to other Xenorhabdus and delineated their species via phylogenomic analyses, concluding that HGB2511 and ID10 are Xenorhabdus griffiniae while TH1 is a novel species. These additions to the existing X. griffiniae landscape further allowed for the identification of two subspecies within the clade. Consistent with other Xenorhabdus, the analysed X. griffiniae genomes each encode a wide array of antimicrobials and virulence-related proteins. Comparative genomic analyses, including the creation of a pangenome, revealed that a large amount of the intraspecies variation in X. griffiniae is contained within the mobilome and attributable to prophage loci. In addition, CRISPR arrays, secondary metabolite potential and toxin genes all varied among strains within the X. griffiniae species.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that phage-related genes drive the genomic diversity in closely related Xenorhabdus symbionts, and that these may underlie some of the traits most associated with the lifestyle and survival of entomopathogenic nematodes and their bacteria: virulence and competition. This study establishes a broad knowledge base for further exploration of not only the relationships between X. griffiniae species and their nematode hosts but also the molecular mechanisms that underlie their entomopathogenic lifestyle.},
}
@article {pmid39548000,
year = {2024},
author = {Visser, B and Scheifler, M},
title = {Insect Lipid Metabolism in the Presence of Symbiotic and Pathogenic Viruses and Bacteria.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39548000},
issn = {0065-2598},
abstract = {Insects, like most animals, have intimate interactions with microorganisms that can influence the insect host's lipid metabolism. In this chapter, we describe what is known so far about the role prokaryotic microorganisms play in insect lipid metabolism. We start exploring microbe-insect lipid interactions focusing on endosymbionts, and more specifically the gut microbiota that has been predominantly studied in Drosophila melanogaster. We then move on to an overview of the work done on the common and well-studied endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientis, also in interaction with other microbes. Taking a slightly different angle, we then look at the effect of human pathogens, including dengue and other viruses, on the lipids of mosquito vectors. We extend the work on human pathogens and include interactions with the endosymbiont Wolbachia that was identified as a natural tool to reduce the spread of mosquito-borne diseases. Research on lipid metabolism of plant disease vectors is up and coming and we end this chapter by highlighting current knowledge in that field.},
}
@article {pmid39547751,
year = {2024},
author = {Nagata, RM and D'Ambra, I and Lauritano, C and von Montfort, GM and Djeghri, N and Jordano, MA and Colin, SP and Costello, JH and Leoni, V},
title = {Physiology and functional biology of Rhizostomeae jellyfish.},
journal = {Advances in marine biology},
volume = {98},
number = {},
pages = {255-360},
doi = {10.1016/bs.amb.2024.07.007},
pmid = {39547751},
issn = {2162-5875},
mesh = {Animals ; *Scyphozoa/physiology ; },
abstract = {Rhizostomeae species attract our attention because of their distinctive body shape, their large size and because of blooms of some species in coastal areas around the world. The impacts of these blooms on human activities, and the interest in consumable species and those of biotechnological value have led to a significant expansion of research into the physiology and functional biology of Rhizostomeae jellyfish over the last years. This review brings together information generated over these last decades on rhizostome body composition, locomotion, toxins, nutrition, respiration, growth, among other functional parameters. Rhizostomes have more than double the carbon content per unit of biomass than jellyfish of Semaeostomeae. They swim about twice as fast, and consume more oxygen than other scyphozoans of the same size. Rhizostomes also have faster initial growth in laboratory and the highest body growth rates measured in nature, when compared to other medusae groups. Parameters such as body composition, nutrition and excretion are highly influenced by the presence of symbiotic zooxanthellae in species of the Kolpophorae suborder. These physiological and functional characteristics may reveal a wide range of adaptive responses, but our conclusions are still based on studies of a limited number of species. Available data indicates that Rhizosotomeae jellyfish have a higher energy demand and higher body productivity when compared to other jellyfish groups. The information gathered here can help ecologists better understand and make more assertive predictions on the role of these jellyfish in their ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid39547593,
year = {2024},
author = {Hu, H and Lu, Z and Ma, Y and Song, X and Wang, D and Wu, C and Ma, X and Shan, Y and Ren, X and Ma, Y},
title = {Impact of transinfection of Wolbachia from the planthopper Laodelphax striatellus on reproductive fitness and transcriptome of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci.},
journal = {Journal of invertebrate pathology},
volume = {207},
number = {},
pages = {108230},
doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2024.108230},
pmid = {39547593},
issn = {1096-0805},
abstract = {The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is critical global pest threatening crops and leading to agricultural losses. Wolbachia is an intracellular symbiotic bacterium in insects, which can regulate the growth and development of the host through various ways. In a prior study, Wolbachia was found to be transferred to whitefly and induce fitness changes. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of host-Wolbachia interactions in B. tabaci. In this study, a Wolbachia strain wStri was isolated from the small brown planthopper, Laodelphex striatellus, and transferred to B. tabaci. The distribution of Wolbachia in whiteflies was determined using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Reciprocal crossing experiments demonstrated that wStri did not induce cytoplasmic incompatibility phenotypes in B. tabaci, but prolonged the developmental duration of the offspring. We performed transcriptomic analysis of Wolbachia-infected female and male adults using Illumina-based RNA-Seq. A total of 843 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in infected females, among them 141 were significantly up-regulated and 702 were down-regulated by Wolbachia infection. In infected males, of 511 gene sets, 279 host genes were significantly up-regulated, and 232 were down-regulated by Wolbachia infection. KEGG analysis of DEGs demonstrated significant differences in gene pathway distribution between up-regulated and down-regulated genes. These genes are involved in various biological processes, including, but not limited to, detoxification, oxidation-reduction, metabolic processes, and immunity. The transcriptomic profiling of this study offers valuable information on the differential expression of genes in whiteflies following Wolbachia infection, and enhances our understanding of this host-symbiotic interaction.},
}
@article {pmid39547110,
year = {2024},
author = {Sarda, J and Gori, A and Doñate-Ordóñez, R and Viladrich, N and Costantini, F and Garrabou, J and Linares, C},
title = {Recurrent marine heatwaves compromise the reproduction success and long-term viability of shallow populations of the Mediterranean gorgonian Eunicella singularis.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {203},
number = {},
pages = {106822},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106822},
pmid = {39547110},
issn = {1879-0291},
abstract = {Mediterranean gorgonians are being threatened by the impact of recurrent extreme climatic events, such as marine heatwaves (MHWs). The white gorgonian Eunicella singularis was suggested to be the most resistant gorgonian species in the NW Mediterranean, mainly due to the presence of symbiotic algae. However, a substantial shift in the conservation condition of the species has been observed in the recent years. The aim of this study is to evaluate the lethal and sublethal effects of recent MHWs on the populations of E. singularis. Our results show that recurrent MHWs have impacted both the demography and reproduction of the species between 2002 and 2020, driving mortalities up to 36%, an increase in the percentages of non-reproducing adult colonies (11-58%), and a significant decrease in the recruitment rates. Although E. singularis is a highly dynamic species in comparison with other temperate gorgonians, the present study suggests that the persistence of this species may be severely compromised under recurrent MHWs, at least at shallowest depths.},
}
@article {pmid39546648,
year = {2024},
author = {Pop, AX and Zaimova-Tsaneva, EV},
title = {A PSYCHOBIOGRAPHY AND ILLUSTRATION OF SCHAHRIAR SYNDROME MODEL IN VERA RENCZI.},
journal = {Psychiatria Danubina},
volume = {Psychiatr Danub},
number = {2},
pages = {199-206},
doi = {10.24869/psyd.2024.199},
pmid = {39546648},
issn = {0353-5053},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; History, 20th Century ; *Homicide/history/psychology ; Models, Psychological ; Famous Persons ; },
abstract = {The current study's goal was to demonstrate the efficacy of the Schahriar Syndrome Model by using it to create a psychobiography of a female serial killer. The objective was to identify the social and psychological mechanisms included in the Schahriar Syndrome Model (SSM) of serial killing. The case study also aimed to understand better the motivations of such homicides and the attributes and factors that make a female commit them and it offers a fresh perspective on Vera's life. The case study used a qualitative single case design that contains the tracking of experiences and events of an individual in a lifetime. It used both historiographic methodologies and psychological models to identify and analyze the development and specific socio-psychological settings of Vera Renczi, a historical serial murderer from the 20th century (1903-1960). This psychobiography includes secondary data about her development and crimes collected from previous research, archives, and books that contained reliable sources. Vera Renczi demonstrated throughout her life and at several socio-historical junctures, each of the five primal mental processes such as omnipotence, sadistic fantasies, ritualized performance, dehumanization, and symbiotic merger. Vera Renczi's life was impacted by a mixture of socio-historical antecedents including her aristocratic status, the experience of loss and abandonment, and the need for control and devotion. The Schahriar syndrome paradigm is relevant today, and this study invites relevant fields, such as the forensic sector, to reevaluate its applicability, especially on female subjects. The Schahriar syndrome model may be used to identify the psych mechanism of a female serial murderer. This research adds to the knowledge about Vera Renczi and offers information from new angles and fresh perspectives on how she operated.},
}
@article {pmid39545396,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, J and Gao, Y and Shu, G and Chen, X and Zhu, J and Zheng, S and Chen, T},
title = {HMicroDB: A Comprehensive Database of Herpetofaunal Microbiota With a Focus on Host Phylogeny, Physiological Traits, and Environment Factors.},
journal = {Molecular ecology resources},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e14046},
doi = {10.1111/1755-0998.14046},
pmid = {39545396},
issn = {1755-0998},
support = {2021YFF1201300//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 2021YFF1201303//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 2022YFC2703105//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 2023M731976//Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic microbiota strongly impact host physiology. Amphibians and reptiles occupy a pivotal role in the evolutionary history of Animalia, and they are of significant ecological, economic, and scientific value. Many prior studies have found that symbiotic microbiota in herpetofaunal species are closely associated with host phylogeny, physiological traits, and environmental factors; however, insufficient integrated databases hinder researchers from querying, accessing, and reanalyzing these resources. To rectify this, we built the first herpetofaunal microbiota database (HMicroDB; https://herpdb.com/) that integrates 11,697 microbiological samples from 337 host species (covering 23 body sites and associated with 23 host phenotypic or environmental factors), and we identified 11,084 microbial taxa by consistent annotation. The standardised analysis process, cross-dataset integration, user-friendly interface, and interactive visualisation make the HMicroDB a powerful resource for researchers to search, browse, and explore the relationships between symbiotic microbiota, hosts, and environment. This facilitates research in host-microbiota coevolution, biological conservation, and resource utilisation.},
}
@article {pmid39545367,
year = {2024},
author = {Heuck, MK and Powell, JR and Kath, J and Birnbaum, C and Frew, A},
title = {Evaluating the Usefulness of the C-S-R Framework for Understanding AM Fungal Responses to Climate Change in Agroecosystems.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {30},
number = {11},
pages = {e17566},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.17566},
pmid = {39545367},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {DE220100479//Australian Research Council (ARC) Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DECRA)/ ; FT190100590//Australian Research Council Future Fellowship/ ; },
mesh = {*Climate Change ; *Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Agriculture ; *Ecosystem ; Symbiosis ; },
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play a key role in terrestrial ecosystems by forming symbiotic relationships with plants and may confer benefits for sustainable agriculture, by reducing reliance on harmful fertiliser and pesticide inputs and enhancing plant resilience against insect herbivores. Despite their ecological importance, critical gaps in understanding AM fungal ecology limit predictions of their responses to global change in agroecosystems. However, predicting climate change impacts on AM fungi is important for maintaining crop productivity and ecosystem stability. Efforts to classify AM fungi based on functional traits, such as the competitor, stress-tolerator, ruderal (C-S-R) framework, aim to address these gaps but face challenges due to the obligate symbiotic nature of the fungi. As the framework is still widely used, we evaluate its applicability in predicting global change impacts on AM fungal communities in agroecosystems. Chagnon's adaptation of the C-S-R framework for AM fungi aligns with some study outcomes (e.g., under the context of water limitation) but faces challenges when used in complex climate change scenarios, varying agricultural conditions and/or extreme climatic conditions. The reliance on a limited dataset to classify AM fungal families further limits accurate predictions of AM fungal community dynamics. Trait data collection could support a nuanced understanding of AM fungi and leveraging AM fungal databases could streamline data management and analysis, enhancing efforts to clarify AM fungal responses to environmental change and guide ecosystem management practices. Thus, while the C-S-R framework holds promise, it requires additional AM fungal trait data for validation and improvement of its predictive power. Conclusively, before designing experiments based on life-history strategies and developing new frameworks tailored to AM fungi a critical first step is to gain a comprehensive understanding of their traits.},
}
@article {pmid39544283,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, S and Fan, S and Ma, Y and Xia, C and Yan, Q},
title = {Influence of gender, age, and body mass index on the gut microbiota of individuals from South China.},
journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1419884},
pmid = {39544283},
issn = {2235-2988},
mesh = {Humans ; *Body Mass Index ; China ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics ; Age Factors ; *Feces/microbiology ; Sex Factors ; Young Adult ; Aged ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The symbiotic gut microbiota is pivotal for human health, with its composition linked to various diseases and metabolic disorders. Despite its significance, there remains a gap in systematically evaluating how host phenotypes, such as gender, age, and body mass index (BMI), influence gut microbiota.<br><br>We conducted an analysis of the gut microbiota of 185 Chinese adults based on whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing of fecal samples. Our investigation focused on assessing the effects of gender, age, and BMI on gut microbiota across three levels: diversity, gene/phylogenetic composition, and functional composition. Our findings suggest that these phenotypes have a minor impact on shaping the gut microbiome compared to enterotypes, they do not correlate significantly within- or between-sample diversity. We identified a substantial number of phenotype-associated genes and metagenomic linkage groups (MLGs), indicating variations in gut microflora composition. Specifically, we observed a decline in beneficial Firmicutes microbes, such as Eubacterium, Roseburia, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus spp., in both older individuals and those with higher BMI, while potentially harmful microbes like Erysipelotrichaceae, Subdoligranulum and Streptococcus spp. increased with age. Additionally, Blautia and Dorea spp. were found to increase with BMI, aligning with prior research. Surprisingly, individuals who were older or overweight exhibited a lack of Bacteroidetes, a dominant phylum in the human gut microbiota that includes opportunistic pathogens, while certain species of the well-known probiotics Bifidobacterium were enriched in these groups, suggesting a complex interplay of these bacteria warranting further investigation. Regarding gender, several gender-associated MLGs from Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Clostridium and Akkermansia were enriched in females. Functional analysis revealed a multitude of phenotype-associated KEGG orthologs (KOs).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our study underscores the influence of gender, age, and BMI on gut metagenomes, affecting both phylogenetic and functional composition. However, further investigation is needed to elucidate the precise roles of these bacteria, including both pathogens and probiotics.},
}
@article {pmid39544100,
year = {2024},
author = {Kondo, T and Sibponkrung, S and Tittabutr, P and Boonkerd, N and Ishikawa, S and Teaumroong, N and Yoshida, KI},
title = {Bacillus velezensis S141 improves the root growth of soybean under drought conditions.},
journal = {Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/bbb/zbae168},
pmid = {39544100},
issn = {1347-6947},
abstract = {Bacillus velezensis S141 helps soybean establish specific symbiosis with strains of Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens to form larger nodules and improve nitrogen fixation efficiency. In this study, we found that the dry weight of soybean roots increased significantly in the presence of S141 alone under drought conditions. Hence, S141 improved the root growth of soybean under limited water supply conditions. S141 can produce some auxin, which might be involved in the improved nodulation. Inactivating IPyAD of S141, which is required for auxin biosynthesis, did not alter the beneficial effects of S141, suggesting that the root growth was independent of auxin produced by S141. Under drought conditions, soybean exhibited some responses to resist osmotic and oxidative stresses; however, S141 was relevant to none of these responses. Although the mechanism remains unclear, S141 might produce some substances that stimulate the root growth of soybean under drought conditions.},
}
@article {pmid39543265,
year = {2024},
author = {Stevens, BR and Roesch, LFW},
title = {Interplay of human ABCC11 transporter gene variants with axillary skin microbiome functional genomics.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {28037},
pmid = {39543265},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Humans ; *Microbiota/genetics ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Skin/microbiology/metabolism ; Female ; *ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Haplotypes ; Genomics/methods ; Axilla/microbiology ; Adult ; Pedigree ; },
abstract = {The human armpit microbiome is metabolically entangled with skin cell physiology. This "meta-organism" symbiotic mutualism results in sweat either with or without odor (osmidrosis), depending on host ABCC11 gene haplotypes. Apocrine metabolism produces odorless S-glutathione conjugate that is transferred by ABCC11 transporters into secretory vesicles, deglutamylated to S-Cys-Gly-3M3SH thiol, and exuded to skin surface. An anthropogenic clade of skin bacteria then takes up the thiol and bioconverts it to malodorous 3-methyl-3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol (3M3SH). We hypothesized a familial meta-organism association of human ABCC11 gene non-synonymous SNP rs17822931 interplaying with skin microbiome 3M3SH biosynthesis. Subjects were genotyped for ABCC11 SNPs, and their haplotypes were correlated with axilla microbiome DNA sequencing profiles and predicted metagenome functions. A multigeneration family pedigree revealed a Mendelian autosomal recessive pattern: the C allele of ABCC11 correlated with bacterial Cys-S-conjugate β-lyase (PatB) gene known for Staphylococcus hominis biosynthesis of 3M3SH from human precursor; PatB was rescinded in hosts with homozygous TT alleles encoding ABCC11 loss-of-function mutation. We posit that a C allele encoding functional ABCC11 is key to delivering host conjugate precursors that shape heritable skin niche conditions favorable to harboring Staphylococcus having genomics of odor thiol production. This provides existential insights into human evolution and global regional population ancestries.},
}
@article {pmid39542125,
year = {2024},
author = {Tang, J and Xu, W and Yu, Y and Yin, S and Ye, BC and Zhou, Y},
title = {The role of the gut microbial metabolism of sterols and bile acids in human health.},
journal = {Biochimie},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.biochi.2024.11.003},
pmid = {39542125},
issn = {1638-6183},
abstract = {Sterols and bile acids are vital signaling molecules that play key roles in systemic functions, influencing the composition of the human gut microbiota, which maintains a symbiotic relationship with the host. Additionally, gut microbiota-encoded enzymes catalyze the conversion of sterols and bile acids into various metabolites, significantly enhancing their diversity and biological activities. In this review, we focus on the microbial transformations of sterols and bile acids in the gut, summarize the relevant bacteria, genes, and enzymes, and review the relationship between the sterols and bile acids metabolism of gut microbiota and human health. This review contributes to a deeper understanding of the crucial roles of sterols and bile acids metabolism by gut microbiota in human health, offering insights for further investigation into the interactions between gut microbiota and the host.},
}
@article {pmid39541233,
year = {2024},
author = {Cann, I and Cheng, Y and Alhawsawi, MAB and Moran, M and Li, Y and Gong, T and Zhu, W and Mackie, RI},
title = {Rumen-Targeted Mining of Enzymes for Bioenergy Production.},
journal = {Annual review of animal biosciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-animal-021022-030040},
pmid = {39541233},
issn = {2165-8110},
abstract = {Second-generation biofuel production, which aims to convert lignocellulose to liquid transportation fuels, could be transformative in worldwide energy portfolios. A bottleneck impeding its large-scale deployment is conversion of the target polysaccharides in lignocellulose to their unit sugars for microbial fermentation to the desired fuels. Cellulose and hemicellulose, the two major polysaccharides in lignocellulose, are complex in nature, and their interactions with pectin and lignin further increase their recalcitrance to depolymerization. This review focuses on the intricate linkages present in the feedstocks of interest and examines the potential of the enzymes evolved by microbes, in the microbe/ruminant symbiotic relationship, to depolymerize the target polysaccharides. We further provide insights to how a rational and more efficient assembly of rumen microbial enzymes can be reconstituted for lignocellulose degradation. We conclude by expounding on how gains in this area can impact the sustainability of both animal agriculture and the energy sector.},
}
@article {pmid39540979,
year = {2024},
author = {Frew, A and Aguilar-Trigueros, CA},
title = {Increasing Phylogenetic Clustering of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities in Roots Explains Enhanced Plant Growth and Phosphorus Uptake.},
journal = {Microbial ecology},
volume = {87},
number = {1},
pages = {139},
pmid = {39540979},
issn = {1432-184X},
support = {DE220100479//Australian Research Council/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/genetics/physiology ; *Phosphorus/metabolism ; *Plant Roots/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; *Phylogeny ; *Symbiosis ; *Sorghum/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; Soil Microbiology ; Mycobiome ; Biomass ; Plant Development ; },
abstract = {Temporal variation during the assembly of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities within plant roots have been posited as critical drivers of the plant-fungal symbiotic outcomes. However, functional implications of these dynamics for the host plant remain poorly understood. We conducted a controlled pot experiment with Sorghum bicolor to investigate how temporal shifts in AM fungal community composition and phylogenetic diversity influence plant growth and phosphorus responses to the symbiosis. We characterised the root-colonising AM fungal communities across three time points and explored their community assembly processes by analysing their phylogenetic diversity and employing joint species distribution modelling with the Hierarchical Modelling of Species Communities (HMSC) framework. We found strong AM fungal turnover through time with a high phylogenetic signal, indicating recruitment of phylogenetically clustered AM fungal species in the host. This temporal phylogenetic clustering of communities coincided with marked increases in plant biomass and phosphorus responses to the AM fungal symbiosis, suggesting that host selection for specific fungi may be a key determinant of these benefits.},
}
@article {pmid39540748,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhao, Z and Yang, L and Wang, Y and Qian, X and Ding, G and Jacquemyn, H and Xing, X},
title = {Shifts in bacterial community composition during symbiotic seed germination of a terrestrial orchid and effects on protocorm development.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0218524},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.02185-24},
pmid = {39540748},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Fungi and bacteria often occupy very similar niches; they interact closely with each other, and bacteria can provide direct or indirect benefits to plants that form mutualistic interactions with fungi. In orchids, successful seed germination largely depends on compatible mycorrhizal fungi, but whether and how bacteria contribute to seed germination and protocorm development remains largely unknown. Here, we performed field and laboratory experiments to assess the potential role of bacteria in mediating seed germination and protocorm development in the terrestrial orchid Gymnadenia conopsea. Our results suggested that bacterial and fungal communities differ between developmental stages in the germination process. The diversity of bacterial and fungal communities and their interaction network in germinating seeds (Stage 1) differed significantly from those in later developmental stages (Stages 2-5). Pseudomonas gradually became the dominant bacterial group as the protocorms matured and showed a positive association with Ceratobasidiaceae fungi. Seed germination tests in vitro demonstrated that co-inoculation of Ceratobasidium sp. GS2 with Pseudomonas isolates significantly improved protocorm growth and development, suggesting that the observed increase in Pseudomonas abundance during protocorm development directly or indirectly improves the growth of germinating seeds. Overall, our findings indicate that bacteria may exert non-negligible effects on seed germination of orchids and, therefore, offer valuable perspectives for future strategies for conservation and cultivating orchid species.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: It is well known that orchid seeds depend on mycorrhizal fungi to supply the necessary nutrients that support germination in natural environments. Apart from fungi, bacteria may also be involved in the germination process of orchid seeds, but so far, their role has not been intensively studied. This research provides evidence that bacterial community composition changes during seed germination of the terrestrial orchid Gymnadenia conopsea. Interestingly, in vitro experiments showed that Pseudomonas spp., which were the most dominant bacteria in the later germination stages, improved protocorm growth. These results suggest that bacteria contribute to the germination of orchid seeds, which may open new perspectives to apply bacteria as a biofertilizer in the introduction and restoration of G. conopsea populations.},
}
@article {pmid39539525,
year = {2024},
author = {Zybailov, BL and Kosovsky, GY and Glazko, GV and Glazko, VI and Skobel, OI},
title = {Evolutionary Perspectives on Human-Artificial Intelligence Convergence.},
journal = {Acta naturae},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {4-17},
pmid = {39539525},
issn = {2075-8251},
abstract = {In this analytical review, we explore the potential impact of the rapid proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) tools on the biosphere and noosphere, suggesting that the trend may lead to a transformative event that could be termed "Human-AI integration." We argue that this integration could give rise to novel lifeforms, associations, and hierarchies, resulting in competitive advantages and increased complexity of structural organizations within both the biosphere and noosphere. Our central premise emphasizes the importance of human-AI integration as a global adaptive response crucial for our civilization's survival amidst a rapidly changing environment. The convergence may initially manifest itself through symbiotic, endosymbiotic, or other mutualistic relationships, such as domestication, contingent on the rate at which AI systems achieve autonomy and develop survival instincts akin to those of biological organisms. We investigate potential drivers of these scenarios, addressing the ethical and existential challenges arising from the AI-driven transformation of the biosphere and noosphere, and considering potential trade-offs. Additionally, we discuss the application of complexity and the balance between competition and cooperation to better comprehend and navigate these transformative scenarios.},
}
@article {pmid39539299,
year = {2024},
author = {Alhusayni, S and Kersten, N and Huisman, R and Geurts, R and Klein, J},
title = {Ectopic expression of the GRAS-type transcriptional regulator NSP2 in Parasponia triggers contrasting effects on symbioses.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1468812},
pmid = {39539299},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Plants strictly control root endosymbioses with nutrient-scavenging arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungi or nodule inducing diazotrophic bacteria. The GRAS-type transcriptional regulator NODULATION SIGNALING PATHWAY 2 (NSP2) is a conserved hub in this process. The NSP2-regulated transcriptional network is instrumental in balancing nutrient homeostasis with symbiotic interactions. NSP2 activity is modulated post-transcriptionally by a specific microRNA. Overriding this control mechanism by ectopic expression of a miRNA-resistant NSP2 transgene enhances the symbiotic permissiveness to arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungi. Such engineered plants may possess enhanced capacities for nutrient uptake. However, the trade-off of this strategy on plant development or other symbiotic interactions, like nodulation, is yet to be fully understood.<br><br>METHOD: We used the nodulating Cannabaceae species Parasponia andersonii as an experimental system to study the effect of ectopic NSP2 expression. Parasponia and legumes (Fabaceae) diverged 100 million years ago, providing a unique comparative system to dissect the nodulation trait.<br><br>RESULTS: Six independent transgenic Parasponia lines were generated that differed in the level of NSP2 expression in the root from 6 to 95-fold higher when compared to the empty vector control plants. Analysis of these plants revealed a positive correlation between mycorrhization and the NSP2 expression level, as well as with the expression of the symbiosis transcription factor CYCLOPS and the rate-limiting enzyme in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway PHYTOENE SYNTHASE1 (PSY1). Yet ectopic expression of NSP2 affected plant architecture and root nodule organogenesis.<br><br>DISCUSSION: This indicates a significant trade-off when leveraging NSP2 over-expression to enhance endomycorrhization.},
}
@article {pmid39544200,
year = {2021},
author = {Dar, MA and Shaikh, AF and Pawar, KD and Xie, R and Sun, J and Kandasamy, S and Pandit, RS},
title = {Evaluation of cellulose degrading bacteria isolated from the gut-system of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera and their potential values in biomass conversion.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {e11254},
pmid = {39544200},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Animals ; *Cellulose/metabolism ; *Bacteria/metabolism/isolation &amp; purification/genetics/classification ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Biomass ; Moths/microbiology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Symbiosis/physiology ; Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology ; Cellulase/metabolism ; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium/metabolism ; Helicoverpa armigera ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera is a widely distributed, devastating pest of over 200 crop plants that mainly consist of some cellulosic materials. Despite its economic importance as a pest, little is known about the diversity and community structure of gut symbiotic bacteria potentially functioned in cellulose digestion in different gut-sections of H. armigera. In view of this lacuna, we attempted to evaluate and characterize cellulose-degrading bacteria (CDB) from foregut, midgut, and hindgut -regions of H. armigera by using a culture-dependent approach.<br><br>METHODOLOGY: The symbiotic bacteria were isolated from different gut-systems of H. armigera by enrichment techniques using Carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC) as carbon source. The isolated bacteria were purified and subsequently screened for cellulose-degradation by plate-based method to display the zones of CMC clearance around the colonies. The identification and phylogeny of the gut-bacteria were reconstructed by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Different enzymes such as endoglucanase, exoglucanase, &#x3b2;-glucosidase, and xylanase were assayed to determine the cellulolytic repertoire of the isolated bacteria.<br><br>RESULTS: The enrichment of CDB and subsequent plate based screening methods resulted in isolation of 71 bacteria among which 54% of the bacteria were obtained from foregut. Among the isolated bacteria, 25 isolates showed discernible cellulose-degradation potential on CMC-agar plates. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing affiliated these cellulolytic bacteria to two major phyla viz., Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. The members of the genus Klebsiella accounted for 39.43% of the total isolated bacteria while 31% of the Bacillus strains were enriched from hindgut region. The principal component analysis (PCA) further suggested that the members of Bacillus and Klebsiella together dominated the foregut and hindgut regions as they accounted for 68% of the total CDB. The four potential isolates selected on the basis of plate-based activities were further evaluated for their lignocellulases production by using various agricultural wastes as substrates. The PCA of the enzyme activities demonstrated that potential isolates majorly secreted endoglucanase and xylanase enzymes. Among the agro-wastes, multivariate analysis validated wheat husk (WH) and sugarcane bagasse (SCB) as most favorable substrates for xylanase and endoglucanase productions respectively. The overall findings suggest that H. armigera harbors diverse bacterial communities in different gut-sections that could assist the host in digestion processes, which may potentially serve as a valuable reservoir of some unique symbionts applied for biomass conversion in biofuel industry.},
}
@article {pmid39538981,
year = {2024},
author = {Matthews, AE and Trevelline, BK and Wijeratne, AJ and Boves, TJ},
title = {Picky eaters: Selective microbial diet of avian ectosymbionts.},
journal = {The Journal of animal ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1365-2656.14215},
pmid = {39538981},
issn = {1365-2656},
support = {1564954//National Science Foundation Division of Undergraduate Education/ ; 1564954//Division of Undergraduate Education/ ; //American Ornithological Society/ ; //Arkansas Audubon Society Trust/ ; //A-State Student Research and Creativity Grant/ ; //P.E.O. Scholar Award/ ; },
abstract = {Individual organisms can function as ecosystems inhabited by symbionts. Symbionts may interact with each other in ways that subsequently influence their hosts positively or negatively, although the details of how these interactions operate collectively are usually not well understood. Vane-dwelling feather mites are common ectosymbionts of birds and are proposed to confer benefits to hosts by consuming feather-degrading microbes. However, it is unknown whether these mites exhibit generalist or selective diets, or how their dietary selection could potentially impact their symbiotic functional nature. In this study, we conducted 16S rDNA and ITS1 amplicon sequencing to examine the microbial diet of feather mites. We characterized and compared the diversity and composition of bacteria and fungi in the bodies of mites living on feathers of the Prothonotary Warbler, Protonotaria citrea, to microbial assemblages present on the same feathers. We found less diverse, more compositionally similar microbial assemblages within mites than on feathers. We also found that mites were resource-selective. Based on the identity and known functions of microbes found within and presumably preferred by mites, our results suggest that these mites selectively consume feather-degrading microbes. Therefore, our results support the proposition that mites confer benefits to their hosts. This study provides insight into symbioses operating at multiple biological levels, highlights the ecological and evolutionary importance of the synergistic interactions between species, and greatly expands our understanding of feather mite biology.},
}
@article {pmid39536936,
year = {2024},
author = {Hurtado, AC and Ruhland, F and Drabo, S and Smeets, T and Checconi, B and Herrera, RC and Verheggen, FJ},
title = {To be a good killer: Evaluation of morphometry and nematodes-bacteria complex effect on entomopathogenic nematodes virulence against wireworms.},
journal = {Journal of invertebrate pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {108231},
doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2024.108231},
pmid = {39536936},
issn = {1096-0805},
abstract = {Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have emerged as a promising tool for controlling soil-dwelling crop pests. However, their efficacy varies according to EPN populations and targeted hosts. Wireworms are polyphagous insects causing significant crop losses, especially since the ban on pesticides previously used for their control. They are highly resistant to EPN populations and require high number of infective juveniles (IJs) to achieve optimal mortality rates. In this research, we collected and compared the virulence of 16 EPN populations, of foreign origin, purchased or collected from wireworms infested fields. Then, we have tested two hypotheses: (i) smaller nematodes induce heightened mortality rates against wireworms; (ii) virulence levels can be linked to nematodes-bacteria complex. Mortality rates scaled from three to 43 % after 56 days of continuous exposure across the 16 tested EPN populations (Heterorhabditis spp and Steinernema spp.). Morphometric analysis of IJs revealed both intra- and interspecific variations in length and diameter among populations. Interestingly, while EPN length influence mortality at three days post-inoculation. We found leaner IJs (< 25 µm) to induce higher mortality rates at 56 days post-inoculation. To better determine the structure and dimensions of the primary entry routes utilized by EPNs, we provide optical microscope micrographs of wireworm Agriotes spp. spiracle, anal sclerotized coating anus and anal muscles. Symbiotic bacteria of each EPN population were identified, and a biochemical characterization was performed using Analytical Profile Index tests. The symbiotic bacteria belong to the species Photorhabdus antumapuensis, P. laumondii subsp. laumondii, P. thracensis, Xenorhabdus bovienii and X nematophila. Bacteria biochemical profiles did not reflect the differences in virulence of nematodes-bacteria complex against wireworms. These findings highlight the importance of considering EPN morphometry and intraspecific variability in designing applications to control wireworms.},
}
@article {pmid39536798,
year = {2024},
author = {Fanara, M and Papazi, A and Pirintsos, S and Kotzabasis, K},
title = {Hydrogen production capabilities of lichens micro-ecosystem under extreme salinity, crystalline salt exposure, and simulated Mars-like conditions.},
journal = {Journal of biotechnology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.11.004},
pmid = {39536798},
issn = {1873-4863},
abstract = {This work aims to demonstrate the extremophilic behavior of the lichen Pleurosticta acetabulum at extreme salinities, while maintaining its metabolic capacity to produce hydrogen. Lichen is a special micro-ecosystem that includes mostly a fungus and a green alga or cyanobacterium, as well as a microbiome. The peculiarity of this symbiotic system is its ability to dry out completely and stay inactive to survive harsh conditions. Lichens that had been dehydrated for six months revived quickly when rehydrated, restoring their photosynthetic efficiency and ability to produce hydrogen. The lichen microbiome was crucial for hydrogen production, especially through dark fermentation. The experiments of this work showed that lichen during its exposure to different salinity conditions (0%NaCl - control, 3,5%NaCl - sea salt concentration, 36%NaCl - saturated salt concentration), but also after exposure to crystalline salt (100%NaCl) could maintain the structure and the functionality of its photosynthetic apparatus. This was tested using chlorophyll a fluorescence induction measurements. Based on the results of thermal conductivity gas chromatography (GC-TCD) for the determination of hydrogen production, it was shown that despite being exposed to extreme salinity conditions, lichens maintained its ability to produce hydrogen. The experimental combination of lichen exposure to extreme salinities (up to 100% NaCl), with an extreme atmosphere (100% CO2) and low atmospheric pressure (<10mbar), simulating Mars conditions, highlighted the functional potential of the lichen for survival in a Mars-like environment. This lichen's ability to withstand extreme conditions and to produce large amounts of hydrogen, makes it a promising candidate for future biotechnological applications, even in challenging environments like Mars, opening new astrobiological and astrobiotechnological perspectives.},
}
@article {pmid39536370,
year = {2024},
author = {Anthony, CJ and Lock, C and Pérez-Rosales, G and Rouzé, H and Paulino, L and Raymundo, LJ and Bentlage, B},
title = {Symbiodiniaceae phenotypic traits as bioindicators of acclimatization after coral transplantation.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {209},
number = {Pt B},
pages = {117250},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.117250},
pmid = {39536370},
issn = {1879-3363},
abstract = {Coral-dinoflagellate symbiosis underpins coral reef resilience and influences conservation success, given the relationship's role in coral bleaching. Here, we transplanted Guam's dominant staghorn coral, Acropora pulchra, across four coral gardens and monitored their endosymbiotic dinoflagellates (family Symbiodiniaceae) for ∼15 months (May 2021-August 2022). Transplantation and predation resulted in temporary symbiotic destabilization, as signaled by increased cell roughness and decreased cell density. Eventually, the Symbiodiniaceae phenotypic profile mostly converged with the wild population, although cell density and red fluorescing photopigments remained modified. In March, corals paled, which allowed us to evaluate the Symbiodiniaceae assemblage's relationship with host color. Interestingly, cell density was not the most informative when predicting host color. Instead, fluorescence from antioxidant-associated pigments were most informative. We conclude that Symbiodiniaceae phenotypic traits respond differently depending on the condition, supporting their development as acclimatization bioindicators.},
}
@article {pmid39536342,
year = {2024},
author = {Guo, W and Li, J and Wu, Z and Chi, G and Lu, C and Ma, J and Hu, Y and Zhu, B and Yang, M and Chen, X and Liu, H},
title = {Biodegradable and conventional mulches inhibit nitrogen fixation by peanut root nodules - potentially related to microplastics in the soil.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {480},
number = {},
pages = {136423},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136423},
pmid = {39536342},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {Mulching has been demonstrated to improve the soil environment and promote plant growth. However, the effects of mulching and mulch-derived microplastics (MPs) on nitrogen fixation by root nodules remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of polyethylene (PE) and polylactic acid-polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PLA-PBAT) film mulching on nitrogen fixation by root nodules after 4 years of continuous mulching using [15]N tracer technology. Additionally, we examined the relationship between nitrogen fixation and MPs. We found a reduction in the proportion of nitrogen fixation by nodules (54.3 %-58.7 %) due to mulching. This decrease may be attributed to reduced dinitrogenase activity and flavonoid content at the seedling stage caused by mulching, and mulching with PLA-PBAT films significantly decreased the abundance of Bradyrhizobium at maturity. Furthermore, combined analysis of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (nifH) and metabolomes indicated that N-lauroylethanolamine may act as a regulatory signal influencing the root nodule nitrogen fixation process and that mulching resulted in significant changes in its content. The mantel test and PLS-PM suggest that microplastic from mulching may harm root nodule nitrogen fixation. This study reveals the influence of mulching on plant nitrogen uptake and the potential threat of mulch-derived microplastics, with a special focus on root nodule nitrogen fixation.},
}
@article {pmid39536009,
year = {2024},
author = {Voolstra, CR},
title = {Youthful insight: Nitrogen sequestration in larvae provides clues to coral bleaching.},
journal = {PLoS biology},
volume = {22},
number = {11},
pages = {e3002890},
pmid = {39536009},
issn = {1545-7885},
mesh = {Animals ; *Anthozoa/metabolism/physiology ; *Nitrogen/metabolism ; *Larva/metabolism ; *Symbiosis/physiology ; Glucose/metabolism ; Coral Reefs ; },
abstract = {Impaired nutrient cycling under thermal stress foregoes coral bleaching, the loss of symbiotic algae. A new study in PLOS Biology sheds light on how coral larvae avoid bleaching through nitrogen sequestration to uphold glucose translocation from their algal symbionts.},
}
@article {pmid39533700,
year = {2024},
author = {Fourreau, CJL and Macrina, L and Lalas, JAA and Takahata, A and Koido, T and Reimer, JD},
title = {The Trojan seahorse: citizen science pictures of a seahorse harbour insights into the distribution and behaviour of a long-overlooked polychaete worm.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {291},
number = {2034},
pages = {20241780},
pmid = {39533700},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan)/ ; //Japan Society of the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Polychaeta/physiology ; Japan ; *Smegmamorpha/physiology ; Citizen Science ; Symbiosis ; Anthozoa/physiology ; Animal Distribution ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic marine invertebrates can be small, hidden or difficult to find, hampering the understanding of their distribution and ecological roles. Haplosyllis anthogorgicola is a polychaete inhabiting the gorgonian Anthogorgia bocki, where it lives in high densities within the host's coenenchyme and occupies burrows formed by host tissue near coral polyps. This study provides the first records of H. anthogorgicola since its description in 1956, from colonies of Anthogorgiidae in southern Japan. We observed that host gorgonians were also inhabited by the pygmy seahorse Hippocampus bargibanti, a popular species to observe and photograph among SCUBA divers. Therefore, we examined photographic records of H. bargibanti available on the citizen science website iNaturalist and screened for structures associated with infestation by H. anthogorgicola to gather information on this elusive species. Our analyses confirmed that this polychaete and/or similar species are widespread in the central Indo-Pacific region. In addition, we observed some polychaete behaviours, raising questions about the nature of the relationships between H. anthogorgicola, its gorgonian hosts and the pygmy seahorse. Our study demonstrates that citizen science can contribute to our knowledge not only on the distribution and behaviour of well known and charismatic species but also inadvertently on overlooked and neglected taxa.},
}
@article {pmid39532979,
year = {2024},
author = {Timmins-Schiffman, E and Duselis, E and Brown, T and Axworthy, JB and Backstrom, CH and Riffle, M and Dilworth, J and Kenkel, CD and Rodrigues, LJ and Nunn, BL and Padilla-Gamiño, JL},
title = {Reproductive resilience: pathways to gametogenic success in Montipora capitata after bleaching.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {27765},
pmid = {39532979},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {1655888//Division of Integrative Organismal Systems/ ; 1655682//Division of Integrative Organismal Systems/ ; 1655682//Division of Integrative Organismal Systems/ ; 2044840//Directorate for Biological Sciences/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Gametogenesis ; *Anthozoa/physiology ; *Reproduction ; Proteomics/methods ; Symbiosis ; Coral Reefs ; Climate Change ; },
abstract = {Thermal bleaching, or the loss of symbiotic algae that provide most energetic resources for the coral host, is an increasing threat to reefs worldwide and is projected to worsen with climate change. While bleaching is a well-recognized threat, the impact on the process of reproduction in bleaching survivors is not well resolved, despite being central to coral resilience. Montipora capitata can survive bleaching while completing a full gametogenic cycle, offering an ideal system to study gametogenic resilience and physiological tradeoffs. We experimentally bleached fragments of M. capitata colonies and followed their gametogenesis and physiological responses for 10 months (six time points). All bleached colonies produced gametes at the same time as controls, suggesting that reproductive processes were energetically prioritized. However, proteomic analysis revealed tradeoffs and delays in activating key physiological processes earlier in gametogenesis in areas such as skeletal growth and reproductive hormone synthesis. Tradeoffs during the gametogenic cycle, likely a direct response to thermal bleaching, resulted in smaller oocytes from bleached colonies, potentially indicating decreased transfer of parental resources to gametes. While gametogenesis is likely to continue in this species, it is unknown how the fecundity, synchrony of spawning, viability and success of future offspring may be impacted by future bleaching events.},
}
@article {pmid39531470,
year = {2024},
author = {Huffmyer, AS and Ashey, J and Strand, E and Chiles, EN and Su, X and Putnam, HM},
title = {Coral larvae increase nitrogen assimilation to stabilize algal symbiosis and combat bleaching under increased temperature.},
journal = {PLoS biology},
volume = {22},
number = {11},
pages = {e3002875},
pmid = {39531470},
issn = {1545-7885},
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis/physiology ; *Anthozoa/metabolism/physiology ; *Larva/metabolism ; *Nitrogen/metabolism ; *Photosynthesis ; Coral Reefs ; Temperature ; Dinoflagellida/metabolism/physiology ; Hot Temperature ; Carbon/metabolism ; Hawaii ; },
abstract = {Rising sea surface temperatures are increasingly causing breakdown in the nutritional relationship between corals and algal endosymbionts (Symbiodiniaceae), threatening the basis of coral reef ecosystems and highlighting the critical role of coral reproduction in reef maintenance. The effects of thermal stress on metabolic exchange (i.e., transfer of fixed carbon photosynthates from symbiont to host) during sensitive early life stages, however, remains understudied. We exposed symbiotic Montipora capitata coral larvae in Hawai'i to high temperature (+2.5°C for 3 days), assessed rates of photosynthesis and respiration, and used stable isotope tracing (4 mM 13C sodium bicarbonate; 4.5 h) to quantify metabolite exchange. While larvae did not show any signs of bleaching and did not experience declines in survival and settlement, metabolic depression was significant under high temperature, indicated by a 19% reduction in respiration rates, but with no change in photosynthesis. Larvae exposed to high temperature showed evidence for maintained translocation of a major photosynthate, glucose, from the symbiont, but there was reduced metabolism of glucose through central carbon metabolism (i.e., glycolysis). The larval host invested in nitrogen cycling by increasing ammonium assimilation, urea metabolism, and sequestration of nitrogen into dipeptides, a mechanism that may support the maintenance of glucose translocation under thermal stress. Host nitrogen assimilation via dipeptide synthesis appears to be used for nitrogen limitation to the Symbiodiniaceae, and we hypothesize that nitrogen limitation contributes to retention of fixed carbon by favoring photosynthate translocation to the host. Collectively, our findings indicate that although these larvae are susceptible to metabolic stress under high temperature, diverting energy to nitrogen assimilation to maintain symbiont population density, photosynthesis, and carbon translocation may allow larvae to avoid bleaching and highlights potential life stage specific metabolic responses to stress.},
}
@article {pmid39528023,
year = {2024},
author = {He, Q and Zhang, Q and Li, M and He, J and Lin, B and Wu, NP and Chen, JJ and Liu, XH and Dong, XQ},
title = {Harnessing diurnal dynamics: Understanding the influence of light-dark cycle on algal-bacterial symbiotic system under aniline stress.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {416},
number = {},
pages = {131796},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131796},
pmid = {39528023},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {To assess the inherent effects of light-dark cycle on the aniline degradation and nitrogen removal in algal-bacterial symbiotic system, three groups with different photoperiods (0L:12D;6L:6D;12L:0D) were set up. The results revealed that the aniline degradation rate of the three systems all surpassed 99 %, the total nitrogen removal rate of Z2-6L:6D was approximately 36 % higher than Z1-0L:12D eventually, the Z1-0L:12D was restrained by NH4[+]-N assimilation and nitrification while anoxic denitrification in Z3-12L:0D. The disappearance of microalgae biomass was accompanied by the sharp decreased of polysaccharide in Z1 and longer illumination suppressed the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances, the Z3 yielded slightly superior biomass production despite the double illumination compared with Z2. Moreover, high throughput sequencing analysis illustrated that the microbial community structure in Z2 was more abundant and even than Z3, the TM7a, norank_f__norank_o__Saccharimonadales, Ellin6067 and Scenedesmus proliferated wildly and the photoinhibition to functional genus was effectively alleviated in Z2.},
}
@article {pmid39533947,
year = {2024},
author = {Serga, S and Kovalenko, PA and Maistrenko, OM and Deconninck, G and Shevchenko, O and Iakovenko, N and Protsenko, Y and Susulovsky, A and Kaczmarek, &#x141; and Pavlovska, M and Convey, P and Kozeretska, I},
title = {Wolbachia in Antarctic terrestrial invertebrates: Absent or undiscovered?.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology reports},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {e70040},
pmid = {39533947},
issn = {1758-2229},
support = {//Ukrainian State Special-Purpose Research Program in Antarctica for 2011-2025/ ; //Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)/ ; 22-28778S//Czech Science Foundation/ ; RVO 67985904//Czech Science Foundation/ ; CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000803//OP RDE/ ; EVA4.0//OP RDE/ ; ANR-20-CE02-0011-01//ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche Fran&#xe7;aise)/ ; //Scholarship from the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine for Young Scientists/ ; //PAUSE-ANR Ukraine Program/ ; },
mesh = {*Wolbachia/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification/physiology ; Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; *Invertebrates/microbiology ; *Symbiosis ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {Interactions between a host organism and its associated microbiota, including symbiotic bacteria, play a crucial role in host adaptation to changing environmental conditions. Antarctica provides a unique environment for the establishment and maintenance of symbiotic relationships. One of the most extensively studied symbiotic bacteria in invertebrates is Wolbachia pipientis, which is associated with a wide variety of invertebrates. Wolbachia is known for manipulating host reproduction and having obligate or facultative mutualistic relationships with various hosts. However, there is a lack of clear understanding of the prevalence of Wolbachia in terrestrial invertebrates in Antarctica. We present the outcomes of a literature search for information on the occurrence of Wolbachia in each of the major taxonomic groups of terrestrial invertebrates (Acari, Collembola, Diptera, Rotifera, Nematoda, Tardigrada). We also performed profiling of prokaryotes based on three marker genes and Kraken2 in available whole genome sequence data obtained from Antarctic invertebrate samples. We found no reports or molecular evidence of Wolbachia in these invertebrate groups in Antarctica. We discuss possible reasons underlying this apparent absence and suggest opportunities for more targeted future research to confirm bacteria's presence or absence.},
}
@article {pmid39532738,
year = {2024},
author = {Fu, M and Liu, Y and Li, S and Yan, D and Liu, P and Liu, Y and Ji, M},
title = {The Spatial Dynamics of Diazotrophs in the Forefield of Three Tibetan Glaciers.},
journal = {Microbial ecology},
volume = {87},
number = {1},
pages = {138},
pmid = {39532738},
issn = {1432-184X},
support = {42171138//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32161123004//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32161123004//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 42171138//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 42171138//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 42171138//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32161123004//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Ice Cover/microbiology ; Tibet ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Nitrogen Fixation ; Soil/chemistry ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Ecosystem ; Bacteria/classification/metabolism/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/enzymology ; Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria/metabolism/classification/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Microbiota ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; },
abstract = {Nitrogen is often a limiting nutrient for microbial communities and plants in glacier forefields. Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms (diazotrophs) play an important role in providing bioavailable nitrogen, with their composition determining the nitrogen-fixating capacities. This study investigates the spatial and temporal dynamics of diazotrophs in the forefields of three Tibetan glaciers: Qiangyong, Kuoqionggangri, and Longxiazailongba. We collected soil samples from recently deglaciated barren grounds, and also along an ecosystem succession transect at Kuoqionggangri glacier, encompassing barren ground, herb steppe, legume steppe, and alpine meadow ecosystems. Our finding revealed abundant and diverse diazotrophs in the recently deglaciated barren ground. They are taxonomically affiliated with anaerobic Bradyrhizobium, Desulfobulbus, and Pelobacter, which may be relics from subglacial sediments. The vegetated soils (herb steppe, legume steppe, and alpine meadow) were dominated by phototrophic Nostoc and Anabaena, as well as symbiotic Sinorhizobium. Soil physicochemical parameters, such as soil organic carbon, pH, and nitrate ion, significantly influenced diazotroph community structure. This study highlights the critical role of diazotrophs in mitigating nitrogen limitation during early ecosystem development in glacier forefields. Understanding the distribution and ecological drivers of diazotrophs in these rapidly changing environments provides insights into biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem resilience under climate change.},
}
@article {pmid39530649,
year = {2024},
author = {Giovannini, L and Pagliarani, C and Cañizares, E and Sillo, F and Chitarra, W and De Rose, S and Zampieri, E and Ioannou, A and Spanos, A and Vita, F and González-Guzmán, M and Fotopoulos, V and Arbona, V and Balestrini, R},
title = {Mycorrhization and chemical seed priming boost tomato stress tolerance by shifts of primary and defence metabolic pathways.},
journal = {Journal of experimental botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jxb/erae457},
pmid = {39530649},
issn = {1460-2431},
abstract = {Priming modulates plant stress responses before the stress appears, increasing the ability of the primed plant to endure adverse conditions and thrive. In this context, we investigated the effect of biological (i.e., arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF) agents and natural compounds (i.e., salicylic acid applied alone or combined with chitosan) against water deficit and salinity on a commercial tomato genotype (cv. Moneymaker). Effects of seed treatments on AMF colonization were evaluated, demonstrating the possibility of using them in combination. Responses to water and salt stresses were analysed on primed plants alone or in combination with the AMF inoculum in soil. Trials were conducted on potted plants by subjecting them to water deficit or salt stress. The effectiveness of chemical seed treatments, both alone and in combination with post-germination AM fungal inoculation, was investigated using a multidisciplinary approach that included eco-physiology, biochemistry, transcriptomics, and untargeted metabolomics. Results showed that chemical seed treatment and AM symbiosis modified the tomato response to water deficit and salinity triggering a remodelling of both transcriptome and metabolome, which ultimately elicited the plant antioxidant and osmoprotective machinery. The plant physiological adaptation to both stress conditions improved, confirming the success of the adopted approaches in enhancing stress tolerance.},
}
@article {pmid39530356,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, Y and Luo, R and Bai, S and Lemaitre, B and Zhang, H and Li, X},
title = {Pathobiont and symbiont contribute to microbiota homeostasis through Malpighian tubules-gut countercurrent flow in Bactrocera dorsalis.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae221},
pmid = {39530356},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Host-gut microbiota interactions are more complex than good or bad. Both gut symbiotic bacteria and pathobionts can provide essential functions to their host in one scenario and yet be detrimental to host health in another. So, these gut-dwelling bacteria must be tightly controlled to avoid harmful effects on the host. However, how pathobionts and other symbiotic bacteria coordinate to establish a host immune defense system remains unclear. Here, using a Tephritidae fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis, we report that both pathobionts and other gut symbiotic bacteria release tyramine, which is recognized by the host insects. These tyramines induce the formation of insect-conserved Malpighian tubules-gut countercurrent flow upon bacterial infection, which requires tyramine receptors and aquaporins. At the same time, pathobionts but not gut symbiotic bacteria induce the generation of reactive oxygen species, which are preserved by the countercurrent flow, promoting bacteria elimination through increasing gut peristalsis. More importantly, our results show that the Malpighian tubules-gut countercurrent flow maintains proper microbiota composition. Our work suggests a model where pathobiont-induced reactive oxygen species are preserved by Malpighian tubules-gut countercurrent flow involving both pathobionts and symbiotic bacteria. Furthermore, our work provides a Malpighian tubules-gut interaction that ensures efficient maintenance of the gut microbiota.},
}
@article {pmid39529628,
year = {2024},
author = {López-Rodríguez, MR and Gérikas Ribeiro, C and Rodríguez-Marconi, S and Parada-Pozo, G and Manrique-de-la-Cuba, M and Trefault, N},
title = {Stable dominance of parasitic dinoflagellates in Antarctic sponges.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {e18365},
pmid = {39529628},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Antarctic Regions ; *Dinoflagellida/genetics/physiology ; Animals ; *Porifera/parasitology ; Symbiosis ; Seawater/parasitology/microbiology ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Marine sponges are dominant components of Antarctic benthos and representative of the high endemism that characterizes this environment. All microbial groups are part of the Antarctic sponge holobionts, but microbial eukaryotes have been studied less, and their symbiotic role still needs to be better understood. Here, we characterize the dynamics of microbial eukaryotes associated with Antarctic sponges, focusing on dinoflagellates over three summer periods to better understand the members, interannual variations, and trophic and lifestyle strategies.<br><br>RESULTS: The analysis revealed that dinoflagellates dominate microeukaryotic communities in Antarctic sponges. The results also showed significant differences in the diversity and composition of dinoflagellate communities associated with sponges compared to those in seawater. Antarctic sponges were dominated by a single dinoflagellate family, Syndiniales Dino-Group-I-Clade 1, which was present in high abundance in Antarctic sponges compared to seawater communities. Despite minor differences, the top microeukaryotic amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) showed no significant interannual abundance changes, indicating general temporal stability within the studied sponge species. Our findings highlight the abundance and importance of parasitic groups, particularly the classes Coccidiomorphea, Gregarinomorphea, and Ichthyosporea, with the exclusive dominance of Syndiniales Dino-Group-I-Clade 1 within sponges.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The present study comprehensively characterizes the microbial eukaryotes associated with Antarctic sponges, showing a remarkable stability of parasitic dinoflagellates in Antarctic sponges. These findings underscore the significant role of parasites in these marine hosts, with implications for population dynamics of the microeukaryome and the holobiont response to a changing ocean.},
}
@article {pmid39528551,
year = {2024},
author = {Shimoda, Y and Yamaya-Ito, H and Hakoyama, T and Sato, S and Kaneko, T and Shibata, S and Kawaguchi, M and Suganuma, N and Hayashi, M and Kouchi, H and Umehara, Y},
title = {A mitochondrial metalloprotease FtsH4 is required for symbiotic nitrogen fixation in Lotus japonicus nodules.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {27578},
pmid = {39528551},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {JPMJMI20E4//JST-Mirai Program/ ; 21K05335//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; 17570044//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; },
mesh = {*Nitrogen Fixation ; *Lotus/genetics/microbiology/metabolism ; *Symbiosis ; *Root Nodules, Plant/metabolism/microbiology ; *Plant Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Mutation ; Metalloproteases/metabolism/genetics ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is a highly coordinated process involving legume plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria known as rhizobia. In this study, we investigated a novel Fix[-] mutant of the model legume Lotus japonicus that develops root nodules with endosymbiotic rhizobia but fails in nitrogen fixation. Map-based cloning identified the causal gene encoding the filamentation temperature-sensitive H (FtsH) protein, designated as LjFtsH4. The LjFtsH4 gene was expressed in all plant organs without increased levels during nodulation. Subcellular localization revealed that LjFtsH4, fused with a fluorescent protein, localized in mitochondria. The Ljftsh4 mutant nodules showed signs of premature senescence, including symbiosome membrane collapse and bacteroid disintegration. Additionally, nodule cells of Ljftsh4 mutant displayed mitochondria with indistinct crista structures. Grafting and complementation tests confirmed that the Fix[-] phenotype was determined by the root genotype, and that protease activity of LjFtsH4 was essential for nodule nitrogen fixation. Furthermore, the ATP content in Ljftsh4 mutant roots and nodules was lower than in the wild-type, suggesting reduced mitochondrial function. These findings underscore the critical role of LjFtsH4 in effective symbiotic nitrogen fixation in root nodules.},
}
@article {pmid39528032,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, J and Tian, Q and Kang, J and Zhou, H and Yu, X and Qiu, G and Shen, L},
title = {Mechanistic insight of fungal-microalgal pellets in photobioreactor for heavy-metal wastewater bioremediation.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {131794},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131794},
pmid = {39528032},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {The high cost of harvesting microalgae limits their industrial application. Fungal-microalgal pellets can efficiently harvest microalgae and enhance heavy-metal adsorption. However, the molecular response mechanism of fungal-microalgal pellets under heavy-metal stress remains unclear. Fungal-microalgal pellets in a photobioreactor were used as a research object, and a 98 % harvesting efficiency could be achieved with adding exogenous carbon and nitrogen at pH 5.0-6.0 for 12 h of co-culture. Humic acid- and tryptophan-rich proteins in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) participate in Cd(II) complexation. The Cd(II) response in fungal-microalgal pellets involves amino acids, glucose, lipids, energy metabolism, and antioxidant systems. The turning point was at 48 h. Proline, histidine, and glutamine synthesis and the adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) binding cassette (ABC) transport pathway play important roles in resistance to Cd(II) biotoxicity. This study provides a reference for the large-scale cultivation of fungal-microalgal symbiotic pellets and the practical application for industrial heavy-metal wastewater.},
}
@article {pmid39527696,
year = {2024},
author = {Jiang, J and Du, L and Zhu, JJ and Ku, AY and Ren, ZJ},
title = {Water Resource Recovery Facilities Empower the Electrolytic Hydrogen Economy.},
journal = {Environmental science &amp; technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.est.4c08054},
pmid = {39527696},
issn = {1520-5851},
abstract = {The global transition to net-zero emissions necessitates the integration of clean hydrogen as a key solution. To facilitate the required expansion of clean hydrogen production, sustainable water sources are required to support the electrolysis process. Utilizing nontraditional water sources such as water resource recovery facility (WRRF) effluents could potentially alleviate the water constraints and create cobenefits, but the real-world feasibility has not been explored in depth. Here, we investigated the geospatial interplay between WRRFs and H2 users in a clean hydrogen economy. We developed an optimization framework for contiguous U.S. that would identify H2 users-WRRF pairing through techno-economic constraint and multicriteria decision analysis, and we found that utilizing reclaimed water from WRRFs could save 66% (62-99%) of freshwater for clean hydrogen economy while accumulating $758 (275-1162) million annual national cost savings. The added benefits from H2 users to WRRFs such as pure oxygen aeration would provide a compelling new opportunity for infrastructural symbiosis but warrant a future investigation on its technical and economic feasibilities.},
}
@article {pmid39527333,
year = {2024},
author = {Deja-Sikora, E and Gołębiewski, M and Hrynkiewicz, K},
title = {Transcriptomic responses of Solanum tuberosum cv. Pirol to arbuscular mycorrhiza and potato virus Y (PVY) infection.},
journal = {Plant molecular biology},
volume = {114},
number = {6},
pages = {123},
pmid = {39527333},
issn = {1573-5028},
support = {OPUS 2016/23/B/NZ9/03417//Narodowe Centrum Nauki/ ; },
mesh = {*Solanum tuberosum/virology/microbiology/genetics ; *Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Potyvirus/physiology ; *Plant Diseases/microbiology/virology/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; *Transcriptome ; *Symbiosis ; Plant Roots/microbiology/virology/genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics ; Glomeromycota/physiology ; Fungi ; },
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) serve as both plant symbionts and allies in resisting pathogens and environmental stresses. Mycorrhizal colonization of plant roots can influence the outcomes of plant-pathogen interactions by enhancing specific host defense mechanisms. The transcriptional responses induced by AMF in virus-infected plants remain largely unexplored. In the presented study, we employed a comprehensive transcriptomic approach and qPCR to investigate the molecular determinants underlying the interaction between AMF and potato virus Y (PVY) in Solanum tuberosum L. Our primary goal was to identify the symbiosis- and defense-related determinants activated in mycorrhizal potatoes facing PVY. Through a comparative analysis of mRNA transcriptomes in experimental treatments comprising healthy and PVY-infected potatoes colonized by two AMF species, Rhizophagus regularis or Funneliformis mosseae, we unveiled the overexpression of genes associated with mycorrhiza, including nutrient exchange, lipid transfer, and cell wall remodeling. Furthermore, we identified several differentially expressed genes upregulated in all mycorrhizal treatments that encoded pathogenesis-related proteins involved in plant immune responses, thus verifying the bioprotective role of AMF. We investigated the relationship between mycorrhiza levels and PVY levels in potato leaves and roots. We found accumulation of the virus in the leaves of mycorrhizal plants, but our studies additionally showed a reduced PVY content in potato roots colonized by AMF, which has not been previously demonstrated. Furthermore, we observed that a virus-dependent reduction in nutrient exchange could occur in mycorrhizal roots in the presence of PVY. These findings provide an insights into the interplay between virus and AMF.},
}
@article {pmid39507357,
year = {2024},
author = {Nakagami, S and Kajiwara, T and Tsuda, K and Sawa, S},
title = {CLE peptide signaling in plant-microbe interactions.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1481650},
pmid = {39507357},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Cell-cell communication is essential for both unicellular and multicellular organisms. Secreted peptides that act as diffusive ligands are utilized by eukaryotic organisms to transduce information between cells to coordinate developmental and physiological processes. In plants, The CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-RELATED (CLE) genes encode a family of secreted small peptides which play pivotal roles in stem cell homeostasis in various types of meristems. Accumulated evidence has revealed that CLE peptides mediate trans-kingdom interactions between plants and microbes, including pathogens and symbionts. This review highlights the emerging roles of CLE peptide signaling in plant-microbe interactions, focusing on their involvement in nodulation, immunity, and symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Understanding these interactions provides insights into the sophisticated regulatory networks to balance plant growth and defense, enhancing our knowledge of plant biology and potential agricultural applications.},
}
@article {pmid39506671,
year = {2024},
author = {Burchardt, S and Czernicka, M and Kućko, A and Pokora, W and Kapusta, M and Domagalski, K and Jasieniecka-Gazarkiewicz, K and Karwaszewski, J and Wilmowicz, E},
title = {Exploring the response of yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) root to drought mediated by pathways related to phytohormones, lipid, and redox homeostasis.},
journal = {BMC plant biology},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {1049},
pmid = {39506671},
issn = {1471-2229},
support = {9001960020/2024/00591//IDUB NCU/ ; 0180/DIA/2020/49//Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki/ ; 222/2015//Polish Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development/ ; },
mesh = {*Lupinus/genetics/metabolism/physiology ; *Plant Roots/metabolism/genetics ; *Oxidation-Reduction ; *Plant Growth Regulators/metabolism ; *Droughts ; *Lipid Metabolism/genetics ; *Homeostasis ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Transcriptome ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) is a high-protein crop of considerable economic and ecological significance. It has the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen in symbiosis with Rhizobium, enriching marginal soils with this essential nutrient and reducing the need for artificial fertilizers. Additionally, lupine produces seeds with a high protein content, making it valuable for animal feed production. However, drought negatively affects lupine development, its mutualistic relationship with bacteria, and overall yield. To understand how lupine responds to this stress, global transcriptome sequencing was conducted, along with in-depth biochemical, chromatography, and microscopy analyses of roots subjected to drought. The results presented here contribute to strategies aimed at mitigating the effects of water deficit on lupine growth and development.<br><br>RESULTS: Based on RNA-seq, drought-specific genes were identified and annotated to biological pathways involved in phytohormone biosynthesis/signaling, lipid metabolism, and redox homeostasis. Our findings indicate that drought-induced disruption of redox balance characterized by the upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes, coincided with the accumulation of lipid-metabolizing enzymes, such as phospholipase D (PLD) and lipoxygenase (LOX). This disruption also led to modifications in lipid homeostasis, including increased levels of triacylglycerols (TAG) and free fatty acids (FFA), along with a decrease in polar lipid content. Additionally, the stress response involved alterations in the transcriptional regulation of the linolenic acid metabolism network, resulting in changes in the composition of fatty acids containing 18 carbons.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The first comprehensive global transcriptomic profiles of lupine roots, combined with the identification of key stress-responsive molecules, represent a significant advancement in understanding lupine's responses to abiotic stress. The increased expression of the &#x394;12DESATURASE gene and enhanced PLD activity lead to higher level of linoleic acid (18:2), which is subsequently oxidized by LOX, resulting in membrane damage and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation. Oxidative stress elevates the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT), while the conversion of FFAs into TAGs provides protection against ROS. This research offers valuable molecular and biochemical candidates with significant potential to enhance drought tolerance . It enables innovative strategies in lupine breeding and crop improvement to address critical agricultural challenges.},
}
@article {pmid39526206,
year = {2024},
author = {Azamian, Y and Abdollahzad, H and Rezaeian, S and Rouhani, MH and Fatehi, MH},
title = {The Effect of Synbiotic Supplementation on Bone Complications, Anemia, and Gastrointestinal Function in Hemodialysis Patients: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.},
journal = {Clinical nutrition research},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
pages = {272-283},
doi = {10.7762/cnr.2024.13.4.272},
pmid = {39526206},
issn = {2287-3732},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Probiotics affect biomarkers indicative of bone formation, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium status, bone mineralization, bone turnover markers and metabolism. This study aims to investigate the effects of synbiotic on gastrointestinal (GI) disorder, bone complications and anemia in hemodialysis (HD) patients. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial study, HD patients received 2 symbiotic (n = 19) or placebo (n = 17) capsules daily for 12 weeks. GI function, serum levels of bone-specific biomarkers, and serum levels of anemia-specific biomarkers were assessed at the beginning and the end of study. GI function was assessed with gastrointestinal symptom rating scale questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS. At the end of this study, parathyroid hormone levels decreased significantly in the synbiotic group (p = 0.039); however, in comparison to placebo group, the difference was not significant. Decrease of ALP levels in the synbiotic group were not statistically significant. However, a significant difference was seen between the 2 groups at the end of intervention (p = 0.037). Improvement in GI symptoms was observed in both groups, but the reduction rate was higher in the synbiotic group. Additionally, at the end of the study, a significant difference between the 2 groups was observed (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed in the levels of other factors within each group and between the 2 groups (p > 0.05). Symbiotic supplements after 12 weeks led to an improvement in GI function and ALP levels in HD patients. Further investigation into bone-mineral disorders in HD patients is necessary.<br><br>TRIAL REGISTRATION: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials Identifier: IRCT20131013014994N7.},
}
@article {pmid39526132,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, Q and Sun, T and Wang, P and Wang, L and Frantova, H and Hartmann, D and Perner, J and Sun, W and Pan, B},
title = {Significant role of symbiotic bacteria in the blood digestion and reproduction of Dermanyssus gallinae mites.},
journal = {ISME communications},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {ycae127},
doi = {10.1093/ismeco/ycae127},
pmid = {39526132},
issn = {2730-6151},
abstract = {Endosymbiotic bacteria significantly impact the fitness of their arthropod hosts. Dermanyssus gallinae, the poultry red mite, is a blood-feeding ectoparasite that exclusively feeds on avian blood. While there is a relatively comprehensive understanding of its microbial community structures across developmental stages based on 16S rRNA sequencing， the functional integration of these microbes within the host's physiology remains elusive. This study aims to elucidate the role of symbiotic bacteria in D. gallinae biology. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed a prominent midgut-confinement bacterial microbiota with considerable diversity, out of which Kocuria and Bartonella A acted as the predominant bacterial genera inhabiting D. gallinae. The relative abundance of Bartonella A increased rapidly after blood-sucking, suggesting its adaptation to a blood-based diet and its pivotal role in post-engorgement activities. Some of the isolated bacterial strains from D. gallinae display hemolytic activity on blood agar, potentially aiding blood digestion. To corroborate this in vivo, antibiotic-mediated clearance was exploited to generate dysbiosed cohorts of D. gallinae mites, lacking some of the key bacterial species. Phenotypic assessments revealed that dysbiosed mites experienced delayed blood digestion and diminished reproductive capacity. Whole-genome sequencing identified Bartonella A as a new species within the genus Bartonella, exhibiting characteristics of an obligate symbiont. These findings underscore the significance of microbiota in poultry red mites and suggest microbiota-targeted strategies for controlling mite populations in poultry farms.},
}
@article {pmid39524932,
year = {2024},
author = {Tonetti, FR and Eguileor, A and Llorente, C},
title = {Goblet cells: guardians of gut immunity and their role in gastrointestinal diseases.},
journal = {eGastroenterology},
volume = {2},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/egastro-2024-100098},
pmid = {39524932},
issn = {2976-7296},
abstract = {Goblet cells (GCs) are specialised guardians lining the intestine. They play a critical role in gut defence and immune regulation. GCs continuously secrete mucus creating a physical barrier to protect from pathogens while harbouring symbiotic gut bacteria adapted to live within the mucus. GCs also form specialised GC-associated passages in a dynamic and regulated manner to deliver luminal antigens to immune cells, promoting gut tolerance and preventing inflammation. The composition of gut bacteria directly influences GC function, highlighting the intricate interplay between these components of a healthy gut. Indeed, imbalances in the gut microbiome can disrupt GC function, contributing to various gastrointestinal diseases like colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, cystic fibrosis, pathogen infections and liver diseases. This review explores the interplay between GCs and the immune system. We delve into the underlying mechanisms by which GC dysfunction contributes to the development and progression of gastrointestinal diseases. Finally, we examine current and potential treatments that target GCs and represent promising avenues for further investigation.},
}
@article {pmid39524557,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, H and Wang, Z and Yu, Y and Gao, W and Zhu, J and Zhang, H and Li, X and Liu, Y},
title = {Enhancing cold tolerance in tobacco through endophytic symbiosis with Piriformospora indica.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1459882},
doi = {10.3389/fpls.2024.1459882},
pmid = {39524557},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Tobacco, a warm-season crop originating from the Americas, is highly susceptible to cold stress. The utilization of symbiotic fungi as a means to bolster crops' resilience against abiotic stresses has been proven to be a potent strategy. In this study, we investigated the effect of endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica on the cold resistance of tobacco. When exposed to cold stress, the colonization of P.indica in tobacco roots effectively stimulates the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). This, in turn, reduces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby mitigating oxidative damage. Additionally, P. indica elevates the levels of osmolytes, such as soluble sugars, proline, and soluble proteins, thus facilitating the restoration of osmotic balance. Under cold stress conditions, P. indica also induces the expression of cold-responsive genes. Furthermore, this fungus not only enhances photosynthesis in tobacco by stimulating the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments, strengthening Rubisco activity, and elevating PSII efficiency, but also fortifies tobacco's nitrogen assimilation by inducing the expression of nitrate transporter gene and activating enzymes related to nitrogen assimilation. Consequently, this synergistic optimization of nitrogen and carbon assimilation provides a solid material and energetic foundation for tobacco plants to withstand cold stress. Our study demonstrates that a mycorrhizal association between P. indica and tobacco seedlings provides multifaceted protection to tobacco plants against low-temperature stress and offers a valuable insight into how P. indica enhances the cold tolerance of tobacco.},
}
@article {pmid39524405,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, Z and Liu, C and Song, X and Tie, Y and Wang, H and Liu, H and Lu, Q},
title = {Ophiostomatalean fungi associated with Polygraphus bark beetles in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China.},
journal = {MycoKeys},
volume = {110},
number = {},
pages = {93-115},
doi = {10.3897/mycokeys.110.135538},
pmid = {39524405},
issn = {1314-4049},
abstract = {Climate change has exacerbated outbreaks of forest pests worldwide. In recent years, bark beetles have caused significant damage to coniferous forests of the Northern Hemisphere. Polygraphus bark beetles are widely distributed secondary pests. Recently, tree mortality caused by these beetles on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been increasing; however, few studies have focused on their fungal associations. In the present study, we explored the diversity of ophiostomatalean fungi associated with these beetles on the north-eastern and southern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. We isolated 442 ophiostomatalean strains from adult beetles and their fresh galleries, specifically targeting Polygraphuspoligraphus and Polygraphusrudis infesting Piceacrassifolia and/or Pinusgriffithii. Based on phylogenetic and morphological features, we assigned the 442 strains to 16 species belonging to Grosmannia spp., Leptographium spp. and Ophiostoma spp. Amongst these, Ophiostomamaixiuense and Ophiostomabicolor were the most frequently isolated species, accounting for 20.8% and 18.1% of the total number of ophiostomatalean assemblages, respectively. By comparing their fungal communities, we found that the different patterns of fungal assemblages of bark beetles from the north-eastern and southern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau may be influenced by biogeographic barriers and host tree species. The results of this study enhance our understanding of bark beetle fungal assemblages, especially Polygraphus, on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with implications for forest management under changing climate.},
}
@article {pmid39524061,
year = {2024},
author = {Mishra, S and Srivastava, A and Singh, A and Pandey, GC and Srivastava, G},
title = {An overview of symbiotic and pathogenic interactions at the fungi-plant interface under environmental constraints.},
journal = {Frontiers in fungal biology},
volume = {5},
number = {},
pages = {1363460},
doi = {10.3389/ffunb.2024.1363460},
pmid = {39524061},
issn = {2673-6128},
abstract = {The complex and dynamic interactions between fungi and plants constitute a critical arena in ecological science. In this comprehensive review paper, we explore the multifaceted relationships at the fungi-plant interface, encompassing both mutualistic and antagonistic interactions, and the environmental factors influencing these associations. Mutualistic associations, notably mycorrhizal relationships, play a pivotal role in enhancing plant health and ecological balance. On the contrary, fungal diseases pose a significant threat to plant health, agriculture, and natural ecosystems, such as rusts, smuts, powdery mildews, downy mildews, and wilts, which can cause extensive damage and lead to substantial economic losses. Environmental constraints encompassing abiotic and biotic factors are elucidated to understand their role in shaping the fungi-plant interface. Temperature, moisture, and soil conditions, along with the presence of other microbes, herbivores, and competing plants, significantly influence the outcome of these interactions. The interplay between mutualism and antagonism is emphasised as a key determinant of ecosystem health and stability. The implications of these interactions extend to overall ecosystem productivity, agriculture, and conservation efforts. The potential applications of this knowledge in bioremediation, biotechnology, and biocontrol strategies emphasise the importance of adapting to climate change. However, challenges and future directions in this field include the impacts of climate change, emerging fungal pathogens, genomic insights, and the role of the fungi-plant interface in restoration ecology. Hence, this review paper provides a comprehensive overview of fungi-plant interactions, their environmental influences, and their applications in agriculture, conservation, and ecological restoration.},
}
@article {pmid39524010,
year = {2024},
author = {Berrios, L and Peay, KG},
title = {Field Reduction of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Has Cascading Effects on Soil Microbial Communities and Reduces the Abundance of Ectomycorrhizal Symbiotic Bacteria.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e17585},
doi = {10.1111/mec.17585},
pmid = {39524010},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {1845544//National Science Foundation/ ; 2021478//National Science Foundation/ ; 2109481//National Science Foundation/ ; //Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability Discovery/ ; },
abstract = {Specific interactions between bacteria and ectomycorrhizal fungi (EcMF) can benefit plant health, and saprotrophic soil fungi represent a potentially antagonistic guild to these mutualisms. Yet there is little field-derived experimental evidence showing how the relationship among these three organismal groups manifests across time. To bridge this knowledge gap, we experimentally reduced EcMF in forest soils and monitored both bacterial and fungal soil communities over the course of a year. Our analyses demonstrate that soil trenching shifts the community composition of fungal communities towards a greater abundance of taxa with saprotrophic traits, and this shift is linked to a decrease in both EcMF and a common ectomycorrhizal helper bacterial genus, Burkholderia, in a time-dependent manner. These results not only reveal the temporal nature of a widespread tripartite symbiosis between bacteria, EcMF and a shared host tree, but they also refine our understanding of the commonly referenced 'Gadgil effect' by illustrating the cascading effects of EcMF suppression and implicating soil saprotrophic fungi as potential antagonists on bacterial-EcMF interactions.},
}
@article {pmid39523450,
year = {2024},
author = {Munir, MU and Ali, SA and Chung, KHK and Kakinen, A and Javed, I and Davis, TP},
title = {Reverse engineering the Gut-Brain Axis and microbiome-metabolomics for symbiotic/pathogenic balance in neurodegenerative diseases.},
journal = {Gut microbes},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {2422468},
doi = {10.1080/19490976.2024.2422468},
pmid = {39523450},
issn = {1949-0984},
mesh = {*Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Humans ; *Neurodegenerative Diseases/microbiology/metabolism ; *Brain-Gut Axis/physiology ; Animals ; Symbiosis ; Metabolomics ; Brain/metabolism/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Deciphering the molecular communications along the gut-brain axis can help in understanding the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases and exploiting the gut microbiome for therapeutics. However, gut microbes and their metabolites have a multifaceted role in mediating both brain physiology and neurodegenerative pathology. There is a lack of understanding of how and when this role is tipped in neurodegenerative diseases and what are those contributing factors, both at local (gut) and distal (neuronal) levels, that drive this imbalance. Here we have reviewed the gut microbiome and its metabolites in the context of the gut-brain axis and summarized how different factors such as gut-microbial diversity, their metabolites, the role of the native immune system and the integrity of gut epithelial and blood-brain barriers are interconnected and collectively define the involvement of gut-microbiome in neurodegenerative pathologies. It also underlines the need for multidisciplinary tools and animal models to simultaneously reflect on many of these factors and to better correlate with clinical observations and data obtained from human biopsies and fecal samples. Harnessing the gut-brain axis will herald a paradigm shift in medicine for neurodegenerative diseases and aging, emphasizing the significance of the microbiome in the broader spectrum of health and disease.},
}
@article {pmid39522891,
year = {2024},
author = {He, X and Hawkins, C and Lawley, L and Phan, TM and Park, I and Joven, N and Zhang, J and Wunderlich, M and Mizukawa, B and Pei, S and Patel, A and VanOudenhove, J and Halene, S and Fang, J},
title = {GPR68 supports AML cells through the calcium/calcineurin pro-survival pathway and confers chemoresistance by mediating glucose metabolic symbiosis.},
journal = {Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {167565},
doi = {10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167565},
pmid = {39522891},
issn = {1879-260X},
abstract = {Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the "Warburg effect" that glycolysis is enhanced even in the presence of oxygen existed in hematopoietic malignancies, contributing to extracellular acidosis. G-protein coupled receptor 68 (GPR68), as a proton sensing GPCR responding to extracellular acidosis, is expected to play a critical role in hematopoietic malignancies. In the present study, we found that GPR68 was overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, and GPR68 deficiency impaired AML cell survival in vitro and cell engraftment in vivo. Mechanistic studies revealed that unlike GPR68 regulates Calpain1 in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) cells, GPR68 deficiency reduced cytosolic Ca[2+] levels and calcineurin (CaN) activity in AML cells through an NFAT-independent mechanism. Moreover, the decreased Ca[2+] levels disturbed cellular respiration (i.e., oxidative phosphorylation, OxPhos) by inhibiting isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) activity; this was more pronounced when BCL2 was inhibited simultaneously. Interestingly, GPR68 inhibition also decreased aerobic glycolysis in AML cells in a Ca[2+]-independent manner, suggesting that GPR68 mediated glucose metabolic symbiosis. As glucose metabolic symbiosis and the heterogeneous dependencies on aerobic glycolysis and cellular respiration tremendously impact chemosensitivity, the inhibition of GPR68 potentiated the tumoricidal effect of first-line chemotherapeutic agents, including BCL-2 inhibitors targeting OxPhos and cytarabine (AraC) targeting glycolysis. Consistent with these in vitro observations, higher levels of GPR68 were associated with inferior clinical outcomes in AML patients who received chemotherapies. In short, GPR68 drives the Ca[2+]/CaN pro-survival pathway and mediates glucose metabolic pathways in AML cells. Targeting GPR68 eradicates AML cells and alleviates chemoresistance, which could be exploited as a therapeutic target. The overexpression of GPR68 drives a Ca[2+]/CaN pro-survival pathway and mediates glucose metabolic symbiosis in AML cells, suggesting the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of GPR68 in AML. (GPR68, G proton-coupled receptor 68; PLCβ, phospholipase C beta; CaN, Calcineurin; IDH, isocitrate dehydrogenase; HIF-1α, Hypoxia-inducible factor alpha subunit; GLUT1, Glucose transporter type 1; HK-1, Hexokinase 1).},
}
@article {pmid39521804,
year = {2024},
author = {Jerlström-Hultqvist, J and Gallot-Lavallée, L and Salas-Leiva, DE and Curtis, BA and Záhonová, K and Čepička, I and Stairs, CW and Pipaliya, S and Dacks, JB and Archibald, JM and Roger, AJ},
title = {A unique symbiosome in an anaerobic single-celled eukaryote.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {9726},
pmid = {39521804},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {12188//Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Gordon E. and Betty I. Moore Foundation)/ ; 5782//Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Gordon E. and Betty I. Moore Foundation)/ ; 12188//Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Gordon E. and Betty I. Moore Foundation)/ ; 12188//Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Gordon E. and Betty I. Moore Foundation)/ ; RES0043758//Gouvernement du Canada | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Conseil de Recherches en Sciences Naturelles et en G&#xe9;nie du Canada)/ ; RES0046091//Gouvernement du Canada | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Conseil de Recherches en Sciences Naturelles et en G&#xe9;nie du Canada)/ ; FRN-142349//Gouvernement du Canada | Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Instituts de Recherche en Sant&#xe9; du Canada)/ ; },
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; Anaerobiosis ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Eukaryota/genetics/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic relationships between eukaryotes and prokaryotes played pivotal roles in the evolution of life and drove the emergence of specialized symbiotic structures in animals, plants and fungi. The host-evolved symbiotic structures of microbial eukaryotes - the vast majority of such hosts in nature - remain largely unstudied. Here we describe highly structured symbiosomes within three free-living anaerobic protists (Anaeramoeba spp.). We dissect this symbiosis using complete genome sequencing and transcriptomics of host and symbiont cells coupled with fluorescence in situ hybridization, and 3D reconstruction using focused-ion-beam scanning electron microscopy. The emergence of the symbiosome is underpinned by expansion of gene families encoding regulators of membrane trafficking and phagosomal maturation and extensive bacteria-to-eukaryote lateral transfer. The symbionts reside deep within a symbiosomal membrane network that enables metabolic syntrophy by precisely positioning sulfate-reducing bacteria alongside host hydrogenosomes. Importantly, the symbionts maintain connections to the Anaeramoeba plasma membrane, blurring traditional boundaries between ecto- and endosymbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39521286,
year = {2024},
author = {Dainelli, M and Chiavacci, B and Colzi, I and Coppi, A and Corti, E and Daghio, M and Falsini, S and Ristori, S and Papini, A and Toni, E and Viti, C and Gonnelli, C},
title = {Impact of PET micro/nanoplastics on the symbiotic system Azolla filiculoides-Trichormus azollae.},
journal = {Chemosphere},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {143718},
doi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143718},
pmid = {39521286},
issn = {1879-1298},
abstract = {The symbiotic system Azolla filiculoides-Trichormus azollae was exposed for ten days to environmentally relevant concentrations (i.e. 0.05 and 0.1 g L[-1]) of polyethylene terephthalate micro-nanoplastics (PET-MNPs). Plastic particles did not induce any visible toxicity symptoms or growth disorders to the fern, as well as any effects on leaf anatomy and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Nonetheless, in treated plants a decrease of chlorophyll content occurred and was coupled to reduction of Nitrogen Balance Index (NBI), an informative parameter of the plant nitrogen status. In the presence of MNPs, plants exhibited a substantial decline in the absorption of essential elements, as evidenced by decreased tissue concentration of Ca, Mg, Co and Mn. The exposure to the pollutants compromised root integrity and possibly its functioning in nutrient accumulation, with evident physical damages not only in the rhizodermis and cortex, but also in the vascular system. In addition, a DNA-based estimation of T. azollae revealed a decreasing trend in the relative abundance of the N2-fixing cyanobacteria for PET-treated samples. This was coupled with an alteration of the symbiont's phenotype highlighted by microscopy analysis, showing a reduction in number of vegetative cells between two consecutive heterocysts and in heterocyst size. This work is the first evidence of MNPs disturbing a strict symbiosis, with possible implications on nitrogen cycling in ecosystems, bio fertilization of agricultural lands and evolutionary pathways.},
}
@article {pmid39520847,
year = {2024},
author = {Cui, X and Ning, X and Zhang, J and Zhang, D and Qiu, G and Wang, Y},
title = {Insights into sulfur migration and transformation during the magnetization roasting of iron tailings and textile dyeing sludge.},
journal = {Waste management (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {191},
number = {},
pages = {81-88},
doi = {10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.005},
pmid = {39520847},
issn = {1879-2456},
abstract = {Magnetization roasting of iron tailings (IT) is an effective method to recovery fine iron concentrate (IC) from refractory IT. However, the migration and transformation of sulfur during the roasting process remain unclear, impacting iron quality if sulfur content exceeds the allowable limit value. This study investigates the sulfur release and fixation during magnetization roasting of textile dyeing sludge (TDS) and IT, elucidating the sulfur migration and transformation processes. Results indicate that 31.7 % of sulfur migrates to the gas phase due to the thermal decomposition of organic-S and the reduction of high-valent sulfur to SO2 by H2 and CO. The total sulfur (TS) content in tailing slag (TSL) (1.96 %) is significantly higher than that in the roasted product (RP) (0.84 %), suggesting a tendency for sulfur migration into TSL. This migration is attributed to reactions between H2S/COS and Fe2O3/Fe3O4, resulting in the formation of non-magnetic byproduct FeS. Additionally, due to the symbiosis of hematite and sulfate, sulfur in the IC primarily exists as sulfate sulfur (76.98 %). This research is crucial for quality control in iron ore processing and provides theoretical guidance for sulfur regulation in practical production processes.},
}
@article {pmid39520748,
year = {2024},
author = {Yan, M and Li, Q and Tian, Z and He, Q and Xu, Y and Liu, X and Chen, Q and Gu, Y and Zou, L and Zhao, K and Xiang, Q and Ma, M and Yu, X},
title = {Co-application of cadmium-immobilizing bacteria and organic fertilizers alter the wheat root soil chemistry and microbial communities.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology and environmental safety},
volume = {287},
number = {},
pages = {117288},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117288},
pmid = {39520748},
issn = {1090-2414},
abstract = {Cadmium contamination poses a significant risk to soil ecosystems in certain parts of the world. Using eco-friendly fertilizers alongside beneficial microorganisms offers a viable solution to mitigate Cd pollution in agricultural soil. This study used an outdoor experiment to evaluate the impact of administering a Cd-immobilizing bacterial (Bacillus) inoculant with two biologically-enriched organic fertilizers (either fermentative edible fungi residue or fermented cow dung) on wheat plants and associated microbial populations in a field contaminated with Cd. The mixed application of fermentative cow dung with the Cd-immobilizing bacterium reduced the effective Cd content of wheat root-soil by 13,0 %. Application of Cd-immobilizing Bacillus inoculant reduced the Cd enrichment of wheat roots by 0.07 mg/kg. Co-application of fermentative cow dung with the bacterial inoculant reduced the Cd enrichment of wheat seeds by 20,0 %. Co-application of the two organic fertilizers could improve some of the nutrients related to wheat and soil fertility; however, the diversity of the soil microbial community changed less and its species richness decreased. Applying the Bacillus inoculant inhibited the growth of native pathogenic bacteria, such as Proteobacteria. Whether administering it with either fermented cow manure or fermented edible fungus residue, the relative abundance of nitrate-reducing bacteria such as Rhodobacter increased, which should promote the soil nitrogen cycle. The main factors influencing soil microbial community structure of wheat plants were pH, available potassium, and available Cd content. Symbiotic network analysis revealed bacterial inoculant and organic fertilizer inoculum further altering the ecological relationships of microbial communities. According to the FAPROTAX functional prediction, Rhodanobacter may play a key role in nitrate respiration in the soil nitrogen cycle. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive, timely reference for understanding microbial changes caused by the combined application of this type of bacterial inoculant and organic soil amendments in Cd-contaminated fields.},
}
@article {pmid39519901,
year = {2024},
author = {Cesari, AB and Fernandez, M and Paulucci, NS and Dardanelli, MS},
title = {Long-Life Inoculant: Bradyrhizobium Stored in Biodegradable Beads for Four Years Shows Optimal Cell Vitality, Interacts with Peanut Roots, and Promotes Early Growth.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {21},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/plants13212983},
pmid = {39519901},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {11220210100155CO//PIP CONICET/ ; C530-1//PPI 610 Universidad Nacional de R&#xed;o Cuarto/ ; CBA28/22//PICT-O Agencia 611 Nacional de Promoci&#xf3;n Cient&#xed;fica y Tecnol&#xf3;gica/ ; 04162/18//PICT,/ ; 696/21//PICT/ ; },
abstract = {Currently, bacterial inoculant technology focuses on improving long-term storage conditions to ensure adequate rhizobia numbers and their effectiveness as plant growth promoters. This study aimed to investigate whether storage at 4 °C for four years of alginate beads immobilizing Bradyrhizobium sp. SEMIA6144 maintains bacterial vitality, efficacy in growth promotion, and ability to establish early interactions with Arachis hypogaea L. The recovery of viable SEMIA6144 cells decreased over time (10% at six months, 1% at one year, and 0.01% at four years), while cell vitality remained high at 94.1%, 90.2%, and 93.4%, respectively. The unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio declined during storage, reducing membrane fluidity and metabolic activity. Mobility and root adhesion of SEMIA6144 decreased after one and four years. However, growth promotion in peanuts inoculated with SEMIA6144 beads was observed through increased biomass, total chlorophyll, leaf number, leaf area, and decreased chlorophyll fluorescence compared to non-inoculated plants. Although nodulation was low in plants inoculated with four-year-old beads, leghemoglobin levels were maintained. These results demonstrate that Bradyrhizobium sp. SEMIA6144 can be stored for four years in alginate beads at 4 °C, maintaining its vitality and ability to establish a symbiosis that stimulates early peanut growth. Understanding these physiological changes could be valuable for the future improvement of long-lasting inoculants.},
}
@article {pmid39519791,
year = {2024},
author = {Sajnaga, E and Kazimierczak, W and Karaś, MA and Jach, ME},
title = {Exploring Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus Nematode Symbionts in Search of Novel Therapeutics.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {29},
number = {21},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/molecules29215151},
pmid = {39519791},
issn = {1420-3049},
mesh = {*Photorhabdus/metabolism/genetics ; *Xenorhabdus/metabolism/genetics ; *Symbiosis ; Animals ; *Nematoda/microbiology ; *Biological Products/pharmacology/chemistry/therapeutic use ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Drug Discovery ; Humans ; },
abstract = {Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacteria, which live in mutualistic symbiosis with entomopathogenic nematodes, are currently recognised as an important source of bioactive compounds. During their extraordinary life cycle, these bacteria are capable of fine regulation of mutualism and pathogenesis towards two different hosts, a nematode and a wide range of insect species, respectively. Consequently, survival in a specific ecological niche favours the richness of biosynthetic gene clusters and respective metabolites with a specific structure and function, providing templates for uncovering new agrochemicals and therapeutics. To date, numerous studies have been published on the genetic ability of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacteria to produce biosynthetic novelty as well as distinctive classes of their metabolites with their activity and mechanism of action. Research shows diverse techniques and approaches that can lead to the discovery of new natural products, such as extract-based analysis, genetic engineering, and genomics linked with metabolomics. Importantly, the exploration of members of the Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus genera has led to encouraging developments in compounds that exhibit pharmaceutically important properties, including antibiotics that act against Gram- bacteria, which are extremely difficult to find. This article focuses on recent advances in the discovery of natural products derived from these nematophilic bacteria, with special attention paid to new valuable leads for therapeutics.},
}
@article {pmid39519522,
year = {2024},
author = {de Oliveira, DP and Todorov, SD and Fabi, JP},
title = {Exploring the Prebiotic Potentials of Hydrolyzed Pectins: Mechanisms of Action and Gut Microbiota Modulation.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {16},
number = {21},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nu16213689},
pmid = {39519522},
issn = {2072-6643},
support = {2013/07914-8; 2022/12834-2; 2023/05394-9//S&#xe3;o Paulo Research Foundation/ ; 88887.747282/2022-00//Coordination of Superior Level Staff Improvement/ ; 307842/2022-3//The National Council for Scientific and Technological Development/ ; },
mesh = {*Prebiotics ; *Pectins ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology/drug effects ; Humans ; Hydrolysis ; Animals ; Oligosaccharides/pharmacology ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Molecular Weight ; },
abstract = {The intestinal microbiota is a complex ecosystem where the microbial community (including bacteria) can metabolize available substrates via metabolic pathways specific to each species, often related in symbiotic relations. As a consequence of using available substrates and microbial growth, specific beneficial metabolites can be produced. When this reflects the health benefits for the host, these substrates can be categorized as prebiotics. Given that most prebiotic candidates must have a low molecular weight to be further metabolized by the microbiota, the role in the preliminary biological pretreatment is crucial. To provide proper substrates to the intestinal microbiota, a strategy could be to decrease the complexity of polysaccharides and reduce the levels of polymerization to low molecular weight for the target molecules, driving better solubilization and the consequent metabolic use by intestinal bacteria. When high molecular weight pectin is degraded (partially depolymerized), its solubility increases, thereby improving its utilization by gut microbiota. With regards to application, prebiotics have well-documented advantages when applied as food additives, as they improve gut health and can enhance drug effects, all shown by in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials. In this review, we aim to provide systematic evidence for the mechanisms of action and the modulation of gut microbiota by the pectin-derived oligosaccharides produced by decreasing overall molecular weight after physical and/or chemical treatments and to compare with other types of prebiotics.},
}
@article {pmid39517101,
year = {2024},
author = {Gantt, SE and Kemp, KM and Colin, PL and Hoadley, KD and LaJeunesse, TC and Warner, ME and Kemp, DW},
title = {Influence of reef habitat on coral microbial associations.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology reports},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {e70051},
doi = {10.1111/1758-2229.70051},
pmid = {39517101},
issn = {1758-2229},
support = {//University of Alabama at Birmingham/ ; IOS-1258058//National Science Foundation/ ; IOS-1258065//National Science Foundation/ ; IOS-1719675//National Science Foundation/ ; OCE-1635695//National Science Foundation/ ; OCE-1636022//National Science Foundation/ ; OCE-1719684//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Anthozoa/microbiology ; Animals ; *Coral Reefs ; *Symbiosis ; *Dinoflagellida/physiology/classification ; *Microbiota ; Bacteria/classification/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; Ecosystem ; Palau ; },
abstract = {Corals have complex symbiotic associations that can be influenced by the environment. We compare symbiotic dinoflagellate (family: Symbiodiniaceae) associations and the microbiome of five scleractinian coral species from three different reef habitats in Palau, Micronesia. Although pH and temperature corresponded with specific host-Symbiodiniaceae associations common to the nearshore and offshore habitats, bacterial community dissimilarity analyses indicated minimal influence of these factors on microbial community membership for the corals Coelastrea aspera, Psammocora digitata, and Pachyseris rugosa. However, coral colonies sampled close to human development exhibited greater differences in microbial community diversity compared to the nearshore habitat for the coral species Coelastrea aspera, Montipora foliosa, and Pocillopora acuta, and the offshore habitat for Coelastrea aspera, while also showing less consistency in Symbiodiniaceae associations. These findings indicate the influence that habitat location has on the bacterial and Symbiodiniaceae communities comprising the coral holobiont and provide important considerations for the conservation of coral reef communities, especially for island nations with increasing human populations and development.},
}
@article {pmid39516450,
year = {2024},
author = {Chowdhury, S and Sadhukhan, P and Mahata, N},
title = {Immunoinformatics investigation on pathogenic Escherichia coli proteome to develop an epitope-based peptide vaccine candidate.},
journal = {Molecular diversity},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39516450},
issn = {1573-501X},
abstract = {Escherichia coli (E. coli), a gram-negative bacterium, quickly colonizes in the human gastrointestinal tract after birth and typically sustains a long-term, symbiotic relationship with the host. However, certain virulent strains of E. coli can cause diseases such as urinary tract infections, meningitis, and enteric disorders. The rising antibiotic resistance among these strains has heightened the urgency for an effective vaccine. This study employs immunoinformatics and a reverse vaccinology technique to identify prospective antigens and create an efficient vaccine construct. In this study, we reported the "Attaching and Effacing Protein" a novel outer-membrane protein conserved in all pathogenic E. coli strains, based on proteome screening. We developed an in silico multi-epitope vaccine that includes helper T lymphocyte (HTL), cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), B cell lymphocyte (BCL), and pan HLA DR-binding reactive epitope (PADRE) sequences, along with appropriate linkers and adjuvants. Machine Learning algorithms were used to evaluate antigenicity, solubility, stability, and non-allergenicity of the vaccine construct. Additionally, molecular docking analysis revealed that vaccine construct has a strong predicted binding affinity for human toll-like receptors on the cell surface. In this context, laboratory validations are necessary to demonstrate the effectiveness of the possible vaccine design that showed encouraging findings through computational validation.},
}
@article {pmid39516195,
year = {2024},
author = {Speth, DR and Zeller, LM and Graf, JS and Overholt, WA and Küsel, K and Milucka, J},
title = {Genetic potential for aerobic respiration and denitrification in globally distributed respiratory endosymbionts.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {9682},
pmid = {39516195},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; *Phylogeny ; *Denitrification ; Metagenome ; Aerobiosis ; Ciliophora/genetics/metabolism ; Groundwater/microbiology ; Gammaproteobacteria/genetics/metabolism ; Germany ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics/metabolism ; California ; Genome, Bacterial ; },
abstract = {The endosymbiont Candidatus Azoamicus ciliaticola was proposed to generate ATP for its eukaryotic host, an anaerobic ciliate of the Plagiopylea class, fulfilling a function analogous to mitochondria in other eukaryotic cells. The discovery of this respiratory endosymbiosis has major implications for both evolutionary history and ecology of microbial eukaryotes. However, with only a single species described, knowledge of its environmental distribution and diversity is limited. Here we report four complete, circular metagenome assembled genomes (cMAGs) representing respiratory endosymbionts inhabiting groundwater in California, Ohio, and Germany. These cMAGs form two lineages comprising a monophyletic clade within the uncharacterized gammaproteobacterial order UBA6186, enabling evolutionary analysis of their key protein complexes. Strikingly, all four cMAGs encode a cytochrome cbb3 oxidase, which indicates that these endosymbionts have the capacity for aerobic respiration. Accordingly, we detect these respiratory endosymbionts in diverse habitats worldwide, thus further expanding the ecological scope of this respiratory symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39515434,
year = {2024},
author = {Gao, P and Zhao, A and Zhang, X and Tang, P and Li, D and Liu, T and Li, J and Zhu, Y and Wang, Z},
title = {Potential role of N-acyl homoserine lactone-mediated quorum sensing in the adaptation of anammox granular sludge system to salinity stress.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {416},
number = {},
pages = {131758},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131758},
pmid = {39515434},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {Anammox granular sludge (AnGS) systems efficiently remove nitrogen from saline wastewater, but their adaptation mechanisms to salt stress are unclear. This study explores the adaptability of the AnGS system when exposed to salinity (0-30 g NaCl/L), focusing on the role of N-acyl homoserine lactone-mediated quorum sensing (AHL-QS) in microbial responses and community symbiosis under stress. Based on Hill model assessments, AnGS tolerates salt stress up to 15.73 g/L. Within this range, AnGS maintains cellular stability by enhancing extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) release, regulating oxidative stress; and drives nitrogen metabolism by increasing cytochrome c-activity to maintain electron transfer. With the mantel test and validation experiments, salt stimulates QS, leading to increased AHL (C6-HSL and C8-HSL) secretion associated with EPS release, extracellular electron transfer, and oxidative stress. Stabilization of AHL-QS genera supports AHL secretion and microbial symbiosis, promoting AnGS adaptation to salt stress. These insights facilitate optimizing AnGS for saline wastewater treatment.},
}
@article {pmid39511644,
year = {2024},
author = {Rocha, G and Gómez, M and Baeza, C and Salinas, F and Martínez, C and Kessi-Pérez, EI},
title = {Phenotyping of a new yeast mapping population reveals differences in the activation of the TORC1 signalling pathway between wild and domesticated yeast strains.},
journal = {Biological research},
volume = {57},
number = {1},
pages = {82},
pmid = {39511644},
issn = {0717-6287},
support = {11220533//ANID/FONDECYT/ ; 1201104//ANID/FONDECYT/ ; 1210955//ANID/FONDECYT/ ; ID24I10027//ANID/FONDEF IDeA I+D/ ; ID21I10198//ANID/FONDEF IDeA I+D/ ; ICN17_022//ANID/Millennium Science Initiative Program/ ; 21200066//ANID PhD scholarship/ ; },
mesh = {*Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; *Phenotype ; *Signal Transduction/genetics/physiology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Domestication ; Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1/metabolism/genetics ; Genetic Variation/genetics ; },
abstract = {Domestication can be understood as a symbiotic relationship that benefits both domesticator and domesticated species, involving multiple genetic changes that configure the phenotype of the domesticated species. One of the most important domesticated species is the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with both domesticated strains used for different fermentations processes for thousands of years and wild strains existing only in environments without human intervention; however, little is known about the phenotypic effects associated with its domestication. In the present work, we studied the effect of domestication on yeast TORC1 activation, a pleiotropic signalling pathway conserved across the eukaryotic domain. To achieve this goal, we improved a previously generated methodology to assess TORC1 activation, which turned out to be as effective as the original one but also presents several practical advantages for its application (such as facilitating confirmation of transformants and putting the Luc reporter gene under the control of the same PRPL26A promoter for each transformed strain). We then generated a mapping population, the so-called TOMAN-G population, derived from the "1002 Yeast Genomes Project" population, the most comprehensive catalogue of the genetic variation in yeasts. Finally, strains belonging to the TOMAN-G population were phenotyped for TORC1 activation, and then we compared the results obtained between yeast strains with different ecological origins, finding differences in TORC1 activation between wild and domesticated strains, particularly wine strains. These results are indicative of the effect of domestication on TORC1 activation, specifically that the different evolutionary trajectories of wild and domesticated strains have in fact caused differences in the activation of this pathway; furthermore, the phenotypic data obtained in this work could be used to continue underlying the genetic bases of TORC1 activation, a process that is still not fully understood, using techniques such as GWAS to search for specific genetic variants underlying the observed phenotypic variability and phylogenetic tree inferences to gain insight into the evolutionary relationships between these genetic variants.},
}
@article {pmid39511491,
year = {2024},
author = {Tang, Y and Tian, C and Yao, D and Yang, S and Shi, L and Yi, L and Peng, Q},
title = {Community assembly and potential function analysis of the endophyte in Eucommia ulmoides.},
journal = {BMC microbiology},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {460},
pmid = {39511491},
issn = {1471-2180},
mesh = {*Endophytes/genetics/metabolism/classification/physiology/isolation &amp; purification ; *Eucommiaceae/microbiology ; *Ascomycota/genetics/growth &amp; development/physiology ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics/metabolism/isolation &amp; purification ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Iridoid Glucosides/metabolism ; Basidiomycota/genetics/physiology ; Symbiosis ; Fungi/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/metabolism/physiology ; Computational Biology ; },
abstract = {Endophytes play a pivotal role in protecting host plants from both biotic and abiotic stresses, promoting the production of active components (AC) and plant growth. However, the succession of the endophyte community in Eucommia ulmoides (E. ulmoides), particularly the community assembly and function, has not been extensively investigated. In this study, we employed high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics tools to analyze endophyte diversity across different tree ages, parts, and periods. We examined the population differences, correlations, community assembly mechanisms, and functional roles of these endophytes. Functional predictions via PICRUSt2 revealed that most endophytic fungal functions were linked to biosynthesis, with significant differences in biosynthetic functional abundance across parts and periods. In contrast, the metabolic activity of endophytic bacteria remained stable across different periods and parts. Correlation analysis further confirmed a strong positive relationship between ACs and certain endophytic fungi. Among them, the fungal phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were identified as key contributors to the metabolism of chlorogenic acid (CA), while Aucubin was significantly positively correlated with several endophytic bacteria. These findings provide valuable insights into the functional roles and community assembly mechanism of E. ulmoides endophytes, as well as their symbiotic relationships.},
}
@article {pmid39510962,
year = {2024},
author = {Rogowska-van der Molen, MA and Savova, HV and Janssen, EAT and van Alen, T and Coolen, S and Jansen, RS and Welte, CU},
title = {Unveiling Detoxifying Symbiosis and Dietary Influence on the Southern Green Shield Bug Microbiota.},
journal = {FEMS microbiology ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/femsec/fiae150},
pmid = {39510962},
issn = {1574-6941},
abstract = {The Southern green shield bug, Nezara viridula, is an invasive piercing and sucking pest insect that feeds on crops and poses a threat to global food production. Insects live in close relationships with microorganisms providing their host with unique capabilities, such as resistance to toxic plant metabolites. In this study, we investigated the resistance to and detoxification of the plant metabolite 3-nitropropionic acid by core and transient members of the N. viridula microbial community. Microbial community members showed a different tolerance to the toxin and we determined that six out of eight strains detoxified 3-nitropropionic acid. Additionally, we determined that 3-nitropropionic acid might interfere with the biosynthesis and transport of L-leucine. Moreover, our study explored the influence of diet on the gut microbial composition of N. viridula, demonstrating that switching to a single-plant diet shifts the abundance of core microbes. In line with this, testing pairwise microbial interactions revealed that core microbiota members support each other and repress the growth of transient microorganisms. With this work, we provide novel insights into the factors shaping the insect gut microbial communities and demonstrate that N. viridula harbours many toxin-degrading bacteria that could support its resistance to plant defences.},
}
@article {pmid39506046,
year = {2024},
author = {Muñiz-Castillo, AI and Rivera-Sosa, A and McField, M and Chollett, I and Eakin, CM and Enríquez, S and Giró, A and Drysdale, I and Rueda, M and Soto, M and Craig, N and Arias-González, JE},
title = {Underlying drivers of coral reef vulnerability to bleaching in the Mesoamerican Reef.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {1452},
pmid = {39506046},
issn = {2399-3642},
mesh = {*Coral Reefs ; Animals ; *Anthozoa/physiology ; *Climate Change ; Temperature ; Ecosystem ; Symbiosis ; },
abstract = {Coral bleaching, a consequence of stressed symbiotic relationships between corals and algae, has escalated due to intensified heat stress events driven by climate change. Despite global efforts, current early warning systems lack local precision. Our study, spanning 2015-2017 in the Mesoamerican Reef, revealed prevalent intermediate bleaching, peaking in 2017. By scrutinizing 23 stress exposure and sensitivity metrics, we accurately predicted 75% of bleaching severity variation. Notably, distinct thermal patterns-particularly the climatological seasonal warming rate and various heat stress metrics-emerged as better predictors compared to conventional indices (such as Degree Heating Weeks). Surprisingly, deeper reefs with diverse coral communities showed heightened vulnerability. This study presents a framework for coral reef bleaching vulnerability assessment, leveraging accessible data (including historical and real-time sea surface temperature, habitat variables, and species composition). Its operational potential lies in seamless integration with existing monitoring systems, offering crucial insights for conservation and management.},
}
@article {pmid39505036,
year = {2024},
author = {Bodawatta, K and Maccario, L and Peereboom, N and Conlon, BH and Li, G and Plaszkó, T and Vinagre-Izquierdo, C and Jønsson, KA and Vesala, RM and de Beer, ZW and Priemé, A and Poulsen, M},
title = {Microbial landscapes in Trinervitermes trinervoides termite colonies are affected by mound compartments and soil properties but not by symbiotic Podaxis fungi.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {177015},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177015},
pmid = {39505036},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Termites are important ecosystem engineers and play key roles in modulating microbial communities within and outside their mounds. Microbial diversity within termite mounds is generally lower than surrounding soils, due to termite-associated antimicrobial compounds and active sanitary behaviours. Microbial symbionts of termites can also influence the microbial landscape, by inhibiting or out-competing other microbes. Certain members of the arid habitat fungal genus Podaxis (Agaricomycetes; Agaricaceae) are symbiotic with savannah specialist grass-cutting termites, with the potential to influence mound-associated microbiomes. To test this, we characterized fungal (ITS2) and bacterial (16S rRNA) communities within and outside 49 Trinervitermes trinervoides mounds with and without Podaxis fruiting bodies across a 1000 km transect in South Africa. We predicted that Podaxis would be a dominant member of the fungal communities in mounds and negatively impact microbial diversity. Further, we explored how environmental variables shaped microbial communities, including whether soil elemental composition affected Podaxis presence. As expected, we observed less diverse fungal communities, but not bacterial communities, within than outside mounds, while microbial communities differed by sampling regions and mound compartments. Podaxis sequences were present in 48 out of 49 mounds in low relative abundances, and neither fruiting body presence nor sequence abundance were associated with microbial community diversity or composition. There was, however, an overall association between the presence of Podaxis fruiting bodies and elemental composition, with different elements displaying varying associations depending on geographic region. Both environmental variables and soil elements associated with fungal and bacterial taxa, indicating that they are key drivers of microbial community composition. Taken together, our findings suggest that microbial landscapes in termite mounds are not strongly influenced by Podaxis but mainly driven by termite filtering and regional abiotic variables and elemental compositions.},
}
@article {pmid39504700,
year = {2024},
author = {Zheng, B and Zhou, L and Wang, J and Dong, P and Zhao, T and Deng, Y and Song, L and Shi, J and Wu, Z},
title = {The shifts in microbial interactions and gene expression caused by temperature and nutrient loading influence Raphidiopsis raciborskii blooms.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {268},
number = {Pt B},
pages = {122725},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2024.122725},
pmid = {39504700},
issn = {1879-2448},
abstract = {Climate change and the trophic status of water bodies are important factors in global occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms. The aim of this study was to explore the cyanobacteria‒bacterial interactions that occur during Raphidiopsis raciborskii (R. raciborskii) blooms by conducting microcosm simulation experiments at different temperatures (20 °C and 30 °C) and with different phosphorus concentrations (0.01 mg/L and 1 mg/L) using an ecological model of microbial behavior and by analyzing microbial self-regulatory strategies using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). Three-way ANOVA revealed significant effects of temperature and phosphorus on the growth of R. raciborskii (P < 0.001). The results of a metagenomics-based analysis of bacterioplankton revealed that the synergistic effects of both climate and trophic changes increased the ability of R. raciborskii to compete with other cyanobacteria for dominance in the cyanobacterial community. The antagonistic effects of climate and nutrient changes favored the occurrence of R. raciborskii blooms, especially in eutrophic waters at approximately 20 °C. The species diversity and richness indices differed between the eutrophication treatment group at 20 °C and the other treatment groups. The symbiotic bacterioplankton network revealed the complexity and stability of the symbiotic bacterioplankton network during blooms and identified the roles of key species in the network. The study also revealed a complex pattern of interactions between cyanobacteria and non-cyanobacteria dominated by altruism, as well as the effects of different behavioral patterns on R. raciborskii bloom occurrence. Furthermore, this study revealed self-regulatory strategies that are used by microbes in response to the dual pressures of temperature and nutrient loading. These results provide important insights into the adaptation of microbial communities in freshwater ecosystems to environmental change and provide useful theoretical support for aquatic environmental management and ecological restoration efforts.},
}
@article {pmid39504314,
year = {2024},
author = {Robitaille, J and Meyering, LE and Gaudzinski-Windheuser, S and Pettitt, P and Jöris, O and Kentridge, R},
title = {Upper Palaeolithic fishing techniques: Insights from the engraved plaquettes of the Magdalenian site of Gönnersdorf, Germany.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {19},
number = {11},
pages = {e0311302},
pmid = {39504314},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Germany ; *Archaeology ; Humans ; Fisheries ; Animals ; Engraving and Engravings/history ; Fishes ; },
abstract = {The ~15,800 year-old Magdalenian site of Gönnersdorf, in Germany, has produced 406 engraved schist plaquettes which have been extensively studied in the past. The introduction of advanced imaging technologies, notably Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI), has now precipitated a re-evaluation of these artifacts, uncovering nuanced depictions of fishing practices previously unrecorded for the Upper Palaeolithic. Our investigation harnesses RTI to elucidate fine engraving details on the plaquettes, revealing depictions of fish and accompanying grid motifs. The analytical process enabled by RTI has exposed an intricate link between the grid patterns and fish figures, showing that they were a deliberate combination portraying the use of fishing nets. This discovery posits a significant departure from earlier interpretations of the site's iconography, which predominantly emphasized more naturalistic representations of fauna. Furthermore, these findings illuminate aspects of Magdalenian cultural praxis, suggesting that representations of aquatic life and fishing technologies were not merely utilitarian in nature but were embedded within a broader symbolic framework. This study enhances our comprehension of Magdalenian peoples' interaction with the aqueous milieu, revealing a sophisticated symbiosis between ecological adaptation and artistic expression.},
}
@article {pmid39503979,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, P and Dong, X and Zeng, Y and Chen, J and Yang, S and Yu, P and Ye, C and Hung, WL and Jiang, Q and Zhao, W and Zeng, Z and Li, J and Li, L},
title = {Synbiotic Effects of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei K56 and Prebiotics on the Intestinal Microecology of Children with Obesity.},
journal = {Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39503979},
issn = {1867-1314},
support = {2022C03138//Medical and Technology Project of the Pioneer and "Pioneer" and "Leading Goose" R&amp;D Program of Zhejiang/ ; },
abstract = {Lacticaseibacillus paracasei K56 (L. paracasei K56) is a probiotic with weight-loss effects. However, symbiosis research on the combined effects of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei K56 and prebiotics is lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of L. paracasei K56, xylooligosaccharide (XOS), galactooligosaccharide (GOS), polyglucose (PG), and their synbiotic combinations (XOS + K56, GOS + K56, and PG + K56) on metabolism and gut composition in children with obesity, using an in vitro fermentation model. Fecal samples were collected from 14 children with obesity for in vitro fermentation, and the effects of the various treatments in gas production and short chain fatty acid synthesis (SCFAs) were assessed. Treatment with probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics regulated gut microbiota and metabolites in children with obesity. GOS and XOS had higher degradation rates than PG + K56 synbiotics in the gut microbiota of children with obesity. Moreover, treatment with XOS, GOS, and their synbiotic combinations, (XOS + K56) and (GOS + K56), significantly reduced the production of gas, propionic acid, and butyric acid compared with PG + K56 treatment. Treatments with GOS + K56 and XOS + K56 altered the composition of the gut microbiota, improved the abundance of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, and reduced the abundance of Escherichia/Shigella. Overall, this study provides a theoretical foundation for the use of K56-based synbiotics.},
}
@article {pmid39503489,
year = {2024},
author = {Teixeira, GM and Cordeiro Montanari, GC and Nicoletto, MLA and da Silva, DV and Noriler, SA and de Oliveira, JP and da Silva Rodrigues, MV and Sipoli Sanches, D and de Padua Pereira, U and Nunes da Rocha, U and Oliveira, AGd},
title = {Draft genome of Bacillus velezensis CMRP6330, a suitable biocontrol agent for disease management in crops.},
journal = {Microbiology resource announcements},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0065724},
doi = {10.1128/mra.00657-24},
pmid = {39503489},
issn = {2576-098X},
abstract = {As a biological alternative to managing diseases in crop production, we highlight the Bacillus velezensis strain LABIM41 (CMRP6330). Its genome, composed of 3,970,959 bp, possesses a rich metabolic machinery and a wide range of molecules with different biological activities and roles in its symbiotic relationship with its plant hosts.},
}
@article {pmid39502417,
year = {2024},
author = {Jiang, Q and Wang, Y and Yu, J and Wang, J and Guo, S and Liu, D and Yu, X and Jiang, L and Long, G and Xi, D and Chen, S and Wang, Y and Ding, W},
title = {Using fungal-bacterial community analysis to explore potential microbiomes to manage Meloidogyne incongnita.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1415700},
pmid = {39502417},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Rhizosphere microbial communities strongly affect outbreaks of root-knot nematode (RKN) disease. However, little is known about the interactions among fungi, bacteria and RKN. The bacterial and fungal community compositions in the rhizospheres of four representative tobacco varieties, both resistant and susceptible to RKN, were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing for bacteria and internal transcribed spacer gene sequencing for fungi. Our findings revealed that the fungi played crucial roles in facilitating the cross-kingdom and symbiotic fungal-bacterial interactions to suppress RKN. Moreover, our investigation suggested Microbacterium as a potential microbial antagonist against RKN based on its enhanced presence in RKN-resistant tobacco genotypes, and the relative abundance of Microbacterium was 34.49% greater in the rhizosphere of resistant tobacco than that of susceptible tobacco significantly. Notably, the richness of fungal community enhanced tobacco's microbe-associated resistance to RKN through the positive regulation of the richness and diversity of bacterial community and the relative abundance of Microbacterium. This study underscores the critical role of the fungus-dominated fungal-bacterial community in bolstering tobacco resistance against RKN. The potential antagonistic role of Microbacterium presents promising avenues for innovative RKN management strategies.},
}
@article {pmid39502284,
year = {2024},
author = {Kozakai, T and Nakajima, A and Miyazawa, K and Sasaki, Y and Odamaki, T and Katoh, T and Fukuma, T and Xiao, JZ and Suzuki, T and Katayama, T and Sakanaka, M},
title = {An improved temperature-sensitive shuttle vector system for scarless gene deletion in human-gut-associated Bifidobacterium species.},
journal = {iScience},
volume = {27},
number = {11},
pages = {111080},
pmid = {39502284},
issn = {2589-0042},
abstract = {Bifidobacterium is a prevalent bacterial taxon in the human gut that comprises over 10 (sub)species. Previous studies suggest that these species use evolutionarily distinct strategies for symbiosis with their hosts. However, the underlying species-specific mechanisms remain unclear due to the lack of efficient gene knockout systems applicable across different species. Here, we developed improved temperature-sensitive shuttle vectors by introducing Ser139Trp into the replication protein RepB. We then used temperature-sensitive plasmids to construct a double-crossover-mediated scarless gene deletion system. The system was employed for targeted gene deletion in Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum, B. longum subsp. infantis, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium kashiwanohense, and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum. Deletion of genes involved in capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis, aromatic lactic acid production, and sugar utilization resulted in the expected phenotypic changes in the respective (sub)species. The temperature-sensitive plasmids developed in this study will aid in deciphering the evolutionary traits of the human-gut-associated Bifidobacterium species.},
}
@article {pmid39502191,
year = {2024},
author = {Pilliol, V and Mahmoud Abdelwadoud, B and Aïcha, H and Lucille, T and Gérard, A and Hervé, T and Michel, D and Ghiles, G and Elodie, T},
title = {Methanobrevibacter oralis: a comprehensive review.},
journal = {Journal of oral microbiology},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {2415734},
pmid = {39502191},
issn = {2000-2297},
abstract = {Methanobrevibacter oralis (M. oralis) has predominated human oral microbiota methanogenic archaea as far back as the Palaeolithic era in Neanderthal populations and gained dominance from the 18[th] century onwards. M. oralis was initially isolated from dental plaque samples collected from two apparently healthy individuals allowing its first characterization. The culture of M. oralis is fastidious and has been the subject of several studies to improve its laboratory growth. Various PCR methods are used to identify M. oralis, targeting either the 16S rRNA gene or the mcrA gene. However, only one RTQ-PCR system, based on a chaperonin gene, offers specificity, and allows for microbial load quantification. Next-generation sequencing contributed five draft genomes, each approximately 2.08 Mb (±0.052 Mb) with a 27.82 (±0.104) average GC%, and two ancient metagenomic assembled genomes. M. oralis was then detected in various oral cavity sites in healthy individuals and those diagnosed with oral pathologies, notably periodontal diseases, and endodontic infections. Transmission pathways, possibly involving maternal milk and breastfeeding, remain to be clarified. M. oralis was further detected in brain abscesses and respiratory tract samples, bringing its clinical significance into question. This review summarizes the current knowledge about M. oralis, emphasizing its prevalence, associations with dysbiosis and pathologies in oral and extra-oral situations, and symbiotic relationships, with the aim of paving the way for further investigations.},
}
@article {pmid39501926,
year = {2024},
author = {Zeng, JY and Chen, KD and Wei, BF and Cui, ZZ and Xu, ZY and Wang, HL and Li, HP},
title = {Endophytic Bacillus velezensis GsB01 controls Gleditsia sinensis wilt by secreting antifungal metabolites and modulates symbiotic microbiota within trees.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.8517},
pmid = {39501926},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {YJ2021027//Research Special Funds for Introduced Talents at Hebei Agricultural University/ ; KY2022051//Research Project on Basic Scientific Research Fund for Provincial Universities in Hebei Province/ ; 2021-13//Xiong'an New Area Scientific and Technological Planning Project/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Identifying effective biological control agents against fungal pathogens and determining their mechanisms of action are important in the control of plant diseases.<br><br>RESULTS: In this study, we isolated an endophytic bacterial strain, GsB01, from the branches of asymptomatic Gleditsia sinensis. Multi-locus sequence analysis identified the strain as Bacillus velezensis. GsB01 exhibited significant antifungal activity against Thyronectria austroamericana, the causative agent of G. sinensis wilt. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry identified four consistently present antimicrobial compounds in GsB01 metabolite fractions with high antifungal activity: macrolactin A, bacillaene A, surfactin, and iturin. GsB01's active metabolite fractions altered the metabolic profiles of T. austroamericana, disrupting seven pathways, including arginine biosynthesis, nucleotide metabolism, purine metabolism, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Furthermore, absolute quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis suggested that GsB01 may increase the abundance of endophytic bacteria in G. sinensis. The 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed changes in the endophytic landscape in stems and roots following GsB01 introduction, particularly with significant variation in the dominant bacterial genera within the stems.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The study highlights GsB01's potential against plant wilt and suggests that its antifungal activity is achieved by secreting antifungal metabolites. The study also recorded changes in the symbiotic microbiota within trees that had been infected with a pathogenic fungus and subsequently treated with an endophytic antagonistic bacterial strain. &#xa9; 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid39507923,
year = {2024},
author = {Sandefur, KJ and Frates, EP and Phillips, E},
title = {Physiatrists as Leaders in Lifestyle Medicine: A Survey of PM&amp;R Residents.},
journal = {American journal of lifestyle medicine},
volume = {18},
number = {6},
pages = {785-790},
pmid = {39507923},
issn = {1559-8284},
abstract = {Introduction: Lifestyle is the root cause of most chronic disease, disability, and death. Lifestyle Medicine (LM) is an established, board certifiable field of medicine. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&amp;R) is a multidisciplinary field which focuses on function and quality of life. The symbiosis of PM&amp;R and LM is increasingly being recognized. Objective: To gauge the awareness of, use of, and interest in LM of PM&amp;R residents and ask if they think PM&amp;R physicians should be leaders in LM. Methods: Cross sectional survey of PM&amp;R residents across PM&amp;R programs in the USA. Results: Fifty-three percent of PM&amp;R residents were familiar with LM. 85 and 84% of their medical schools and residencies had no LM education. PM&amp;R residents "sometimes" included LM principles in their patient encounters. 88 and 89% of PM&amp;R residents thought that medical schools and residencies should have LM education and 78% thought that PM&amp;R physicians should be leaders of LM. Conclusions: This is the first study assessing the views on LM of PM&amp;R residents. Despite the fact that PM&amp;R residents lacked LM education, over half knew about LM. The vast majority felt that there should be more LM education in medical school and residency, and that PM&amp;R physicians should be leaders of LM.},
}
@article {pmid39501808,
year = {2024},
author = {Turner, JH},
title = {Human-Artificial Intelligence Symbiotic Reporting for Theranostic Cancer Care.},
journal = {Cancer biotherapy &amp; radiopharmaceuticals},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1089/cbr.2024.0216},
pmid = {39501808},
issn = {1557-8852},
abstract = {Reporting of diagnostic nuclear images in clinical cancer management is generally qualitative. Theranostic treatment with [177]Lu radioligands for prostate cancer and neuroendocrine tumors is routinely given as the same arbitrary fixed administered activity to every patient. Nuclear oncology, as currently practiced with [177]Lu-prostate-specific membrane antigen and [177]Lu peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, cannot, therefore, be characterized as personalized precision medicine. The evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) could change this "one-size-fits-all" approach to theranostics, through development of a symbiotic relationship with physicians. Combining quantitative data collection, collation, and analytic computing power of AI algorithms with the clinical expertise, empathy, and personal care of patients by their physician envisions a new paradigm in theranostic reporting for molecular imaging and radioligand treatment of cancer. Human-AI interaction will facilitate the compilation of a comprehensive, integrated nuclear medicine report. This holistic report would incorporate radiomics to quantitatively analyze diagnostic digital imaging and prospectively calculate the radiation absorbed dose to tumor and critical normal organs. The therapy activity could then be accurately prescribed to deliver a preordained, effective, tumoricidal radiation absorbed dose to tumor, while minimizing toxicity in the particular patient. Post-therapy quantitative imaging would then validate the actual dose delivered and sequential pre- and post-treatment dosimetry each cycle would allow individual dose prescription and monitoring over the entire course of theranostic treatment. Furthermore, the nuclear medicine report would use AI analysis to predict likely clinical outcome, predicated upon AI definition of tumor molecular biology, pathology, and genomics, correlated with clinical history and laboratory data. Such synergistic comprehensive reporting will enable self-assurance of the nuclear physician who will necessarily be deemed personally responsible and accountable for the theranostic clinical outcome. Paradoxically, AI may thus be expected to enhance the practice of phronesis by the nuclear physician and foster a truly empathic trusting relationship with the cancer patient.},
}
@article {pmid39500144,
year = {2024},
author = {de Souza Lima, V and Cedrola, F and Morales, MJA and Solferini, VN},
title = {Disentangling the metabolic profile of rumen ciliates: A historical perspective and future directions.},
journal = {European journal of protistology},
volume = {96},
number = {},
pages = {126126},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126126},
pmid = {39500144},
issn = {1618-0429},
abstract = {Rumen ciliates constitute a highly diverse group within the subclass Trichostomatia. They are known for their symbiotic relationship with ruminant hosts and their pivotal role in digestive metabolism. This review presents a historical analysis of research on rumen ciliate metabolism, since the earliest studies, based on in vitro and in situ experiments, as well as molecular studies, initially relying on Sanger sequencing, and more recently, next-generation sequencing techniques. Finally, the paper discusses future approaches that may be useful for elucidating the metabolic profile of various taxa of rumen ciliates.},
}
@article {pmid39499080,
year = {2024},
author = {Smith, OER and Bharat, TAM},
title = {Architectural dissection of adhesive bacterial cell surface appendages from a "molecular machines" viewpoint.},
journal = {Journal of bacteriology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0029024},
doi = {10.1128/jb.00290-24},
pmid = {39499080},
issn = {1098-5530},
abstract = {The ability of bacteria to interact with and respond to their environment is crucial to their lifestyle and survival. Bacterial cells routinely need to engage with extracellular target molecules, in locations spatially separated from their cell surface. Engagement with distant targets allows bacteria to adhere to abiotic surfaces and host cells, sense harmful or friendly molecules in their vicinity, as well as establish symbiotic interactions with neighboring cells in multicellular communities such as biofilms. Binding to extracellular molecules also facilitates transmission of information back to the originating cell, allowing the cell to respond appropriately to external stimuli, which is critical throughout the bacterial life cycle. This requirement of bacteria to bind to spatially separated targets is fulfilled by a myriad of specialized cell surface molecules, which often have an extended, filamentous arrangement. In this review, we compare and contrast such molecules from diverse bacteria, which fulfil a range of binding functions critical for the cell. Our comparison shows that even though these extended molecules have vastly different sequence, biochemical and functional characteristics, they share common architectural principles that underpin bacterial adhesion in a variety of contexts. In this light, we can consider different bacterial adhesins under one umbrella, specifically from the point of view of a modular molecular machine, with each part fulfilling a distinct architectural role. Such a treatise provides an opportunity to discover fundamental molecular principles governing surface sensing, bacterial adhesion, and biofilm formation.},
}
@article {pmid39498455,
year = {2024},
author = {van der Meer, M},
title = {Sown Without Care: Dutch Eugenicists and their Call for Optimising Developmental Conditions, 1919-1939.},
journal = {Social history of medicine : the journal of the Society for the Social History of Medicine},
volume = {37},
number = {3},
pages = {473-493},
doi = {10.1093/shm/hkae002},
pmid = {39498455},
issn = {0951-631X},
abstract = {This paper explains the coexistence of concerns about hereditary degeneration and opposition to reproductive intervention such as sterilisation in Dutch eugenic discourse during the interwar years. Based on an analysis of textbooks, periodical publications and printed lectures, I will show how eugenicists positioned themselves within the domain of public health by framing their domain of inquiry as a pivotal addition to curative medicine and sanitary reform. Dutch eugenicists rendered this symbiotic relationship conceptually plausible by combining criticism of genetic determinism and Lamarckian viewpoints on heredity. This paper explains how this conceptual constellation enabled Dutch eugenicists to claim that the combination of proper (eugenic) education and a healthy environment would stimulate individuals to behave socially responsibly and restrain from reproducing. By doing so, this essay contributes to the historiographical trend to comparatively analyse eugenics as a transnational phenomenon.},
}
@article {pmid39497925,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, M and Mo, J and Huang, W and Bao, Y and Luo, X and Yuan, L},
title = {The ovarian cancer-associated microbiome contributes to the tumor's inflammatory microenvironment.},
journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1440742},
pmid = {39497925},
issn = {2235-2988},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Ovarian Neoplasms/microbiology/immunology/pathology ; *Tumor Microenvironment/immunology ; *Microbiota ; *Inflammation/microbiology ; Dysbiosis/microbiology ; Animals ; Carcinogenesis/immunology ; },
abstract = {A growing body of research has established a correlation between tumors and persistent chronic inflammatory infiltration. As a primary instigator of inflammation, the majority of microbiomes naturally residing within our bodies engage in a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship. Nevertheless, alterations in the microbiome's composition or breaches in the normal barrier function can disrupt the internal environment's homeostasis, potentially leading to the development and progression of various diseases, including tumors. The investigation of tumor-related microbiomes has contributed to a deeper understanding of their role in tumorigenesis. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the microbiome alterations and the associated inflammatory changes in ovarian cancer. It may aid in advancing research to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the ovarian cancer-associated microbiome, providing potential theoretical support for the future development of microbiome-targeted antitumor therapies and early screening through convenient methods.},
}
@article {pmid39497183,
year = {2024},
author = {Prioux, C and Ferrier-Pages, C and Deter, J and Tignat-Perrier, R and Guilbert, A and Ballesta, L and Allemand, D and van de Water, JAJM},
title = {Insights into the occurrence of phylosymbiosis and co-phylogeny in the holobionts of octocorals from the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea.},
journal = {Animal microbiome},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {62},
pmid = {39497183},
issn = {2524-4671},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Corals are the foundational species of coral reefs and coralligenous ecosystems. Their success has been linked to symbioses with microorganisms, and a coral host and its symbionts are therefore considered a single entity, called the holobiont. This suggests that there may be evolutionary links between corals and their microbiomes. While there is evidence of phylosymbiosis in scleractinian hexacorals, little is known about the holobionts of Alcyonacean octocorals.<br><br>RESULTS: 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed differences in the diversity and composition of bacterial communities associated with octocorals collected from the mesophotic zones of the Mediterranean and Red Seas. The low diversity and consistent dominance of Endozoicomonadaceae and/or Spirochaetaceae in the bacterial communities of Mediterranean octocorals suggest that these corals may have a shared evolutionary history with their microbiota. Phylosymbiotic signals were indeed detected and cophylogeny in associations between several bacterial strains, particularly those belonging to Endozoicomonadaceae or Spirochaetaceae, and coral species were identified. Conversely, phylosymbiotic patterns were not evident in Red Sea octocorals, likely due to the high bacterial taxonomic diversity in their microbiota, but cophylogeny in associations between certain coral and bacterial species was observed. Noteworthy were the associations with Endozoicomonadaceae, suggesting a plausible evolutionary link that warrants further investigations to uncover potential underlying patterns.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our findings emphasize the importance of Endozoicomonadaceae and Spirochaetaceae in coral symbiosis and the significance of exploring host-microbiome interactions in mesophotic ecosystems for a comprehensive understanding of coral-microbiome evolutionary history.},
}
@article {pmid39497067,
year = {2024},
author = {Moeller, AH and Dillard, BA and Goldman, SL and Real, MVF and Sprockett, DD},
title = {Removal of sequencing adapter contamination improves microbial genome databases.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {1033},
pmid = {39497067},
issn = {1471-2164},
mesh = {Animals ; *Databases, Genetic ; DNA Contamination ; Genome, Microbial ; Humans ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods ; Cattle ; Mice ; Swine ; },
abstract = {Advances in assembling microbial genomes have led to growth of reference genome databases, which have been transformative for applied and basic microbiome research. Here we show that published microbial genome databases from humans, mice, cows, pigs, fish, honeybees, and marine environments contain significant sequencing-adapter contamination that systematically reduces assembly accuracy and contiguousness. By removing the adapter-contaminated ends of contiguous sequences and reassembling MGnify reference genomes, we improve the quality of assemblies in these databases.},
}
@article {pmid39497066,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhong, J and Pan, W and Jiang, S and Hu, Y and Yang, G and Zhang, K and Xia, Z and Chen, B},
title = {Flue-cured tobacco intercropping with insectary floral plants improves rhizosphere soil microbial communities and chemical properties of flue-cured tobacco.},
journal = {BMC microbiology},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {446},
pmid = {39497066},
issn = {1471-2180},
support = {110202101049[LS-09]//Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, China National Tobacco Corporation/ ; 110202101049[LS-09]//Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, China National Tobacco Corporation/ ; 110202101049[LS-09]//Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, China National Tobacco Corporation/ ; 110202101049[LS-09]//Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, China National Tobacco Corporation/ ; 110202101049[LS-09]//Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, China National Tobacco Corporation/ ; 110202101049[LS-09]//Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, China National Tobacco Corporation/ ; 110202101049[LS-09]//Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, China National Tobacco Corporation/ ; 110202101049[LS-09]//Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, China National Tobacco Corporation/ ; 2022530000241019//Yunnan Company of China National Tobacco Corporation/ ; 2022530000241019//Yunnan Company of China National Tobacco Corporation/ ; 2022530000241019//Yunnan Company of China National Tobacco Corporation/ ; 2022530000241019//Yunnan Company of China National Tobacco Corporation/ ; 2022530000241019//Yunnan Company of China National Tobacco Corporation/ ; 2022530000241019//Yunnan Company of China National Tobacco Corporation/ ; 2022530000241019//Yunnan Company of China National Tobacco Corporation/ ; 2022530000241019//Yunnan Company of China National Tobacco Corporation/ ; },
mesh = {*Nicotiana/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; *Rhizosphere ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Microbiota ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Crops, Agricultural/growth &amp; development/microbiology ; Fungi/classification/genetics ; Agriculture/methods ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Soil/chemistry ; Plant Roots/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Continuous cropping of the same crop leads to land degradation. This is also called the continuous-cropping obstacle. Currently, intercropping tobacco with other crops can serve as an effective strategy to alleviate continuous cropping obstacles.<br><br>RESULTS: In this study, tobacco K326 and insectary floral plants were used as materials, and seven treatments of tobacco monoculture (CK), tobacco intercropped with Tagetes erecta, Vicia villosa, Fagopyrum esculentum, Lobularia maritima, Trifolium repens, and Argyranthemum frutescens respectively, were set up to study their effects on rhizosphere soil chemical properties and composition and structure of rhizosphere soil microbial community of tobacco. The 16&#xa0;S rRNA gene and ITS amplicons were sequenced using Illumina high-throughput sequencing. tobacco/insectary floral plants intercropping can influence rhizosphere soil chemical properties, which also change rhizosphere microbial communities. The CK and treatment groups tobacco rhizosphere soil microorganisms had significantly different genera, such as tobacco intercropping with T. repens and A. frutescens significantly increased the number of Fusarium and intercropping T. erecta, V. villosa, L. maritima, T. repens, and A. frutescens significantly increased the number of Sphingomonas and unknown Gemmatimonadaceae. Additionally, intercropping T. erecta, V. villosa and L. maritima changed the rhizosphere fungal and bacteria community and composition of tobacco and the positive correlation between tobacco rhizosphere the genera of fungi and bacterial were greater than CK. The pathway of the carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and energy metabolism in rhizosphere bacteria were significantly decreased after continuous cropping. Fungal symbiotic trophic and saprophytic trophic were significantly increased after intercropping V. villosa, L. maritima and plant pathogen and animal pathogen were increased after intercropping T. repens and A. frutescens. Additionally, bacterial and fungal communities significantly correlated with soil chemical properties, respectively.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study reveals that intercropping tobacco with insectary floral plants, particularly T. erecta, V. villosa, L. maritima and A. frutescens significantly affects soil chemical properties and alters rhizosphere microbial communities, increasing the abundance of certain microbial genera. Additionally, intercropping enhances pathways related to carbohydrate, amino acid, and energy metabolism in rhizosphere bacteria. These findings suggest that intercropping could provide a promising strategy to overcome challenges associated with continuous tobacco cropping by regulating the rhizosphere environment.},
}
@article {pmid39496625,
year = {2024},
author = {Vohsen, SA and Gruber-Vodicka, HR and Herrera, S and Dubilier, N and Fisher, CR and Baums, IB},
title = {Discovery of deep-sea coral symbionts from a novel clade of marine bacteria with severely reduced genomes.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {9508},
pmid = {39496625},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis/genetics ; *Anthozoa/microbiology ; *Genome, Bacterial/genetics ; *Phylogeny ; Microbiota/genetics ; Bacteria/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification ; Aquatic Organisms/genetics ; },
abstract = {Microbes perform critical functions in corals, yet most knowledge is derived from the photic zone. Here, we discover two mollicutes that dominate the microbiome of the deep-sea octocoral, Callogorgia delta, and likely reside in the mesoglea. These symbionts are abundant across the host's range, absent in the water, and appear to be rare in sediments. Unlike other mollicutes, they lack all known fermentative capabilities, including glycolysis, and can only generate energy from arginine provided by the coral host. Their genomes feature several mechanisms to interact with foreign DNA, including extensive CRISPR arrays and restriction-modification systems, which may indicate their role in symbiosis. We propose the novel family Oceanoplasmataceae which includes these symbionts and others associated with five marine invertebrate phyla. Its exceptionally broad host range suggests that the diversity of this enigmatic family remains largely undiscovered. Oceanoplasmataceae genomes are the most highly reduced among mollicutes, providing new insight into their reductive evolution and the roles of coral symbionts.},
}
@article {pmid39496278,
year = {2024},
author = {Thompson, RM and George, D and Del Carmen Montero-Calasanz, M},
title = {Actinorhizal plants and Frankiaceae: The overlooked future of phytoremediation.},
journal = {Environmental microbiology reports},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {e70033},
pmid = {39496278},
issn = {1758-2229},
support = {RYC2019-028468-I//Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities/ ; NE/S007512/1//Natural Environment Research Council/ ; },
mesh = {*Biodegradation, Environmental ; *Symbiosis ; Soil Pollutants/metabolism ; Frankia/metabolism/growth &amp; development/physiology ; Plants/metabolism/microbiology ; Soil Microbiology ; Metals, Heavy/metabolism ; Soil/chemistry ; Endophytes/metabolism/isolation &amp; purification ; },
abstract = {Bioremediation of degraded soils is increasingly necessary due to rising food demand, reductions in agricultural productivity, and limitations in total available arable area. Several bioremediation strategies could be utilized to combat soil degradation, with phytoremediation emerging as a standout option due to its in situ approach and low implementation and maintenance costs compared to other methods. Phytoremediation is also a sustainable solution, which is increasingly desirable to blunt the progression of global warming. Actinorhizal plants display several desirable traits for application in phytoremediation, including the ability to revegetate saline soil and sequester heavy metals with low foliar translocation. Additionally, when grown in association with Frankiaceae endophytes, these abilities are improved and expanded to include the degradation of anthropogenic pollutants and the restoration of soil fertility. However, despite this significant potential to remediate marginalized land, the actinorhizal-Frankiaceae symbiosis remains heavily understudied and underutilized. This review aims to collate the scattered studies that demonstrate these bioremediation abilities and explain the mechanics behind such abilities to provide the necessary insight. Finally, this review will conclude with proposed future directions for utilizing this symbiosis and how it can be optimized further to facilitate improved bioremediation outcomes.},
}
@article {pmid39495923,
year = {2024},
author = {Hansen, SB and Luu, TB and Gysel, K and Lironi, D and Krönauer, C and Rübsam, H and Jensen, IB and Tsitsikli, M and Birkefeldt, TG and Trgovcevic, A and Stougaard, J and Radutoiu, S and Andersen, KR},
title = {A conserved juxtamembrane motif in plant NFR5 receptors is essential for root nodule symbiosis.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {121},
number = {46},
pages = {e2405671121},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2405671121},
pmid = {39495923},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {9040-00175B and 3103-00137B//Danish Council for Independent Research/ ; INV- 57461//Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (GF)/ ; },
mesh = {*Symbiosis/physiology ; *Lotus/microbiology/metabolism/genetics ; *Plant Proteins/metabolism/genetics/chemistry ; *Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology/metabolism ; *Amino Acid Motifs ; Signal Transduction ; Amino Acid Sequence ; },
abstract = {Establishment of root nodule symbiosis is initiated by the perception of bacterial Nod factor ligands by the plant LysM receptor kinases NFR1 and NFR5. Receptor signaling initiating the symbiotic pathway depends on the kinase activity of NFR1, while the signaling mechanism of the catalytically inactive NFR5 pseudokinase is unknown. Here, we present the crystal structure of the signaling-competent Lotus japonicus NFR5 intracellular domain, comprising the juxtamembrane region and pseudokinase domain. The juxtamembrane region is structurally well defined and forms two α-helices, αA and αA', which contain an exposed hydrophobic motif. We demonstrate that this "juxtamembrane motif" promotes NFR5-NFR5 and NFR1-NFR5 interactions and is essential for symbiotic signaling. Conservation analysis reveals that the juxtamembrane motif is present throughout NFR5-type receptors and is required for symbiosis signaling from barley RLK10, suggesting a conserved and broader function for this motif in plant-microbe symbioses.},
}
@article {pmid39495046,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, SY and Lin, YY and Hao, Z and Li, ZJ and Peng, ZQ and Jin, T},
title = {Bacterial communities in Asecodes hispinarum (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and its host Brontispa longissima (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), with comparison of Wolbachia dominance.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toae234},
pmid = {39495046},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {2021YFD2600405//National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; CATASCXTD202311//Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences for Science and Technology Innovation Team/ ; },
abstract = {The endoparasitoid Asecodes hispinarum (Bouček) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) serves as an effective biological control agent against Brontispa longissima (Gestro) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a notorious palm pest. Endosymbionts found in parasitoids and their hosts have attracted significant attention due to their substantial influence on biocontrol efficacy. In this study, we employed 16S rRNA sequencing, polymerase chain reaction, and fluorescence in situ hybridization to assess the symbiotic bacteria composition, diversity, phylogeny, and localization in A. hispinarum and its host B. longissima. Our findings showed significant differences in the richness, diversity, and composition of symbiotic bacteria among different life stages of B. longissima. Notably, the bacterial richness, diversity, and composition of A. hispinarum was similar to that of B. longissima. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla, while Wolbachia was the dominant genera across the parasitoid and host. It was discovered for the first time that Wolbachia was present in A. hispinarum with a high infection rate at ≥ 96.67%. Notably, the Wolbachia strain in A. hispinarum was placed in supergroup A, whereas it was categorized under supergroup B in B. longissima. Furthermore, Wolbachia is concentrated in the abdomen of A. hispinarum, with particularly high levels observed in the ovipositors of female adults. These findings highlight the composition and diversity of symbiotic bacteria in both A. hispinarum and its host B. longissima, providing a foundation for the development of population regulation strategies targeting B. longissima.},
}
@article {pmid39493855,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, L and Chen, Q and Zeng, S and Deng, Z and Liu, Z and Li, X and Hou, Q and Zhou, R and Bao, S and Hou, D and Weng, S and He, J and Huang, Z},
title = {Succeed to culture a novel lineage symbiotic bacterium of Mollicutes which widely found in arthropods intestine uncovers the potential double-edged sword ecological function.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1458382},
pmid = {39493855},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Symbiotic gut bacteria play crucial role in host health. Symbionts are widely distributed in arthropod intestines, but their ecological functions are poorly understood due to the inability to cultivate them. Members of Candidatus Bacilliplasma (CB) are widely distributed in crustacean intestine and maybe commensals with hosts, but the paucity of pure cultures has limited further insights into their physiologies and functions. Here, four strains of representative CB bacteria in shrimp intestine were successfully isolated and identified as members of a novel Order in the Phylum Mycoplasmatota. Through genome assembly, the circular genome maps of the four strains were obtained, and the number of coding genes ranged from 1,886 to 1,980. Genomic analysis suggested that the bacteria were missing genes for many critical pathways including the TCA cycle and biosynthesis pathways for amino acids and coenzyme factors. The analysis of 16S amplification data showed that Shewanella, Pseudomonas and CB were the dominant at the genera level in the intestine of Penaeus vannamei. Ecological functional experiments revealed that the strains were symbionts and colonized shrimp intestines. Our valued findings can greatly enhance our understanding and provides new insights into the potentially significant role of uncultured symbiotic bacteria in modulating host health.},
}
@article {pmid39493650,
year = {2024},
author = {Misawa, H and Tateishi, Y and Horimai, Y and Mizuno, A and Hida, F and Furukawa, H and Kobayashi, H and Kawai, M and Yamanaka, T and Fukuda, M and Yamada, A},
title = {A useful PCR primer set for the ectomycorrhizal fungus Tricholoma matsutake in wild pine rhizosphere based on the nuclear ribosomal DNA IGS2 sequence.},
journal = {Mycoscience},
volume = {65},
number = {4},
pages = {191-198},
pmid = {39493650},
issn = {1618-2545},
abstract = {Tricholoma matsutake is an edible ectomycorrhizal mushroom that forms a symbiotic association with Pinaceae trees by constructing a large extraradical mycelial area (called a shiro) in the soil. The detection of this fungal mycelium in the soil is crucial for estimating the success of outplanted mycorrhizal seedlings inoculated with T. matsutake under experimental conditions. Although several T. matsutake-specific DNA markers have been reported for efficient detection in the field, no comparative study has been conducted to assess their effectiveness. In the present study, we targeted the nuclear ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer 2 (IGS2) region for the detection of T. matsutake. The newly designed TmSP-I-2F/TmSP-I-2R primer pair, which targets a partial IGS2 sequence (543 bp), effectively detected T. matsutake from pine root and soil samples via PCR assay, outperforming other T. matsutake-specific primers. In combination with a PCR system targeting LTR DNA markers that were previously developed, a PCR system with the TmSP-I-2F/TmSP-I-2R primer pair set can expedite investigations of the dynamics of T. matsutake genets in mycorrhizas and shiro.},
}
@article {pmid39493340,
year = {2024},
author = {Hamid, MWA and Bin Abd Majid, R and Victor Ernest, VFK and Mohamed Shakrin, NNS and Mohamad Hamzah, F and Haque, M},
title = {A Narrative Review of Acanthamoeba Isolates in Malaysia: Challenges in Infection Management and Natural Therapeutic Advancements.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {11},
pages = {e72851},
pmid = {39493340},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Acanthamoeba, a free-living amoeba (FLA) found in diverse ecosystems, poses significant health risks globally, particularly in Malaysia. It causes severe infectious diseases, e.g., Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK), primarily affecting individuals who wear contact lenses, along with granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE), a rare but often life-threatening condition among immunocompromised individuals. AK has become increasingly prevalent in Malaysia and is linked to widespread environmental contamination and improper contact lens hygiene. Recent studies highlight Acanthamoeba's capacity to serve as a "Trojan horse" for amoeba-resistant bacteria (ARBs), contributing to hospital-associated infections (HAIs). These symbiotic relationships and the resilience of Acanthamoeba cysts make treatment challenging. Current diagnostic methods in Malaysia rely on microscopy and culture, though molecular procedures like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are employed for more precise detection. Treatment options remain limited due to the amoeba's cyst resistance to conventional therapies. However, recent advancements in natural therapeutics, including using plant extracts such as betulinic acid from Pericampylus glaucus and chlorogenic acid from Lonicera japonica, have shown promising in vitro results. Additionally, nanotechnology applications, mainly using gold and silver nanoparticles to enhance drug efficacy, are emerging as potential solutions. Further, in vivo studies and clinical trials must validate these findings. This review highlights the requirement for continuous research, public health strategies, and interdisciplinary collaboration to address the growing threat of Acanthamoeba infections in Malaysia while exploring the country's rich biodiversity for innovative therapeutic solutions.},
}
@article {pmid39493099,
year = {2024},
author = {Kumar, P and Ahmad, S and Roy, R and Jha, RK and Swati, S and Das, S and Purty, A and Somya, S and Pradhan, N},
title = {From Poverty Alleviation to Well-Being Enhancement: Empowering Mid-level Managers of JEEViKA and Its Technical Support Program (JTSP) Staff for Health, Nutrition and Sanitation Integration.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {10},
pages = {e70783},
pmid = {39493099},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The JEEViKA program, a rural livelihood initiative, sought to uplift Self-Help Group (SHG) cadres in Bihar, India. However, health-related issues remained a challenge due to limited attention and health literacy among SHG members and mid-level managers. This study aimed to enhance health knowledge among mid-level managers through a technical course developed by the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Patna in collaboration with JEEViKA and Project Concern International (PCI), focusing on integrating health aspects with economic development.<br><br>METHODS: A comprehensive training needs assessment identified gaps in health knowledge among mid-level managers. A technical course curriculum was developed, comprising 20 topics covering health, nutrition, and sanitation. The course was delivered virtually to six batches of mid-level managers. Pre- and post-training assessments measured knowledge improvement.<br><br>RESULTS: Initial assessment revealed that 71 (38.8%) participants had good, while 90 (49.2%) had average health knowledge scores. The virtual course led to improved knowledge levels, with 538 (89.7%) out of 600 total participants achieving good or excellent scores in post-training assessments. Specific knowledge gaps related to maternal, infant, and child health were addressed throughout the course.<br><br>DISCUSSION: The study underscores the importance of equipping mid-level managers with health literacy to effectively integrate health components into livelihood projects. The collaboration between AIIMS Patna, JEEViKA, and PCI highlights the potential of knowledge-based interventions to bridge health gaps in rural communities. The success of the virtual course emphasizes the feasibility of online training to enhance health knowledge and underscores the symbiotic relationship between health and economic development.},
}
@article {pmid39492539,
year = {2023},
author = {Li, J and Wu, B and Xu, M and Han, X and Xing, Y and Zhou, Y and Ran, M and Zhou, Y},
title = {Nitrogen source affects non-aeration microalgal-bacterial biofilm growth progression and metabolic function during greywater treatment.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {129940},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129940},
pmid = {39492539},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {The non-aeration microalgal-bacteria symbiotic system has attracted great attention due to excellent pollutants removal performance and low greenhouse gas emission. This study investigated how nitrogen (N) sources (ammonia, nitrate and urea) impact biofilm formation, pollutants removal and microbial niches in a microalgal-bacterial biofilm. Results showed that functional genus and enzymes contributed to organics biodegradation and carbon fixation, N transformation and assimilation enabled efficient pollutants removal without CO2 emission. Urea achieved the maximum chemical oxygen demand (89.2%) and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (95.3%) removal. However, Nitrate significantly influenced microbial community structure and enabled the highest removal of total N (89.7%). Multifarious functional groups enabled the fast adsorption of pollutants, which favored the continuous transformation and fixing of carbon and N. But N source significantly affects the carbon and N dissimilation and fixing pathways. This study offers a promising alternative method that achieving low-carbon-footprint and cost-saving greywater treatment.},
}
@article {pmid39491259,
year = {2023},
author = {Hua, Z and Teng, X and Huang, J and Zhou, J and Zhao, Y and Huang, L and Yuan, Y},
title = {The Armillaria response to Gastrodia elata is partially mediated by strigolactone-induced changes in reactive oxygen species.},
journal = {Microbiological research},
volume = {278},
number = {},
pages = {127536},
doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2023.127536},
pmid = {39491259},
issn = {1618-0623},
abstract = {Armillaria root diseases, caused by Armillaria spp., pose a significant threat to woody plants worldwide and result in substantial economic losses. However, certain species in the genus Armillaria can establish a unique symbiotic relationship with Gastrodia elata, which is the only known example of a plant benefiting from Armillaria. Although various plant signals that play a role in this interaction have been identified, the mechanism remains largely unknown from the Armillaria's perspective. In this study, we performed whole-genome sequencing of an Armillaria gallica strain named NRC001 isolated from G. elata. Comparative genomic analysis showed it is low-pathogenic Armillaria spp., which possesses 169 expanded gene families compared to high-pathogenic Armillaria spp. Among these expanded families, transcriptomic analysis revealed a significant increase in expression levels of four reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related gene families in A. gallica on G. elata compared to A. gallica on wood. Thus, a systematic survey of ROS-related gene families was carried out, and a total of 218 genes belonging to 44 ROS-related gene families in A. gallica were identified. Physiological experiments and transcriptome analysis showed that strigolactones (SLs) released by G. elata have a mediation impact on ROS, particularly enhancing the ROS scavenging activities by increasing the expression level and activity of several enzymes, such as catalase and glutathione reductase. Among the ROS-related genes, the aquaporin (AQP) is crucial as it is responsible for transporting hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) across the cell membrane. Five orthologs of AQP genes in A. gallica were identified and overexpressed in yeast. Only AgAQPA from the so-called 'other aquaglyceroporin' subfamily was demonstrated to be capable of mediating H2O2 transport in A. gallica. To our best knowledge, this is the first 'other aquaglyceroporins' gene in fungi to be identified as having transporter capacity. This study not only provides new insights into the mechanisms by which SL signaling regulates interactions between Armillaria and G. elata, but also sheds light on the function of fungal AQPs.},
}
@article {pmid39490662,
year = {2024},
author = {Davias, A and Lyon-Caen, S and Rolland, M and Iszatt, N and Thomsen, C and Sabaredzovic, A and Sakhi, AK and Monot, C and Rayah, Y and Ilhan, ZE and Philippat, C and Eggesbø, M and Lepage, P and Slama, R},
title = {ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN PRE- AND POST-NATAL EXPOSURE TO PHTHALATE AND DINCH METABOLITES AND GUT MICROBIOTA IN ONE-YEAR OLD CHILDREN.},
journal = {Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {125204},
doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125204},
pmid = {39490662},
issn = {1873-6424},
abstract = {The gut microbiota is a collection of symbiotic microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract. Its sensitivity to chemicals with widespread exposure, such as phthalates, is little known. We aimed to investigate the impact of perinatal exposure to phthalates on the infant gut microbiota at 12 months of age. Within SEPAGES cohort (Suivi de l'Exposition à la Pollution Atmosphérique durant la Grossesse et Effet sur la Santé), we assessed 13 phthalate metabolites and 2 di(isononyl) cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH) metabolites in repeated urine samples collected in pregnant women and their offspring. We obtained stool samples from 356 children at 12 months of age and sequenced the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, allowing gut bacterial profiling. We used single-chemical (linear regressions) and mixture (BKMR, Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression) models to examine associations of phthalates and DINCH metabolites, with gut microbiota indices of α-diversity (specific richness and Shannon diversity) and the relative abundances of the most abundant microbiota phyla and genera. After correction for multiple testing, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (ΣDEHP), diethyl phthalate (DEP) and bis(2-propylheptyl) phthalate (DPHP) metabolites 12-month urinary concentrations were associated with higher Shannon α-diversity of the child gut microbiota in single-chemical models. The multiple-chemical model (BKMR) suggested higher α-diversity with exposure to the phthalate mixture at 12 months, driven by the same phthalates. There were no associations between phthalate and DINCH exposure biomarkers at other time points and α-diversity after correction for multiple testing. ΣDEHP metabolites concentration at 12 months was associated with higher Coprococcus genus. Finally, ΣDEHP exposure at 12 months tended to be associated with higher phylum Firmicutes, an association not maintained after correction for multiple testing. Infancy exposure to phthalate might disrupt children's gut microbiota. The observed associations were cross-sectional, so that reverse causality cannot be excluded.},
}
@article {pmid39490478,
year = {2024},
author = {Bhattacharyya, A and Heo, J and Priyajanani, J and Kim, SH and Khatun, MR and Nagarajan, R and Noh, I},
title = {Simultaneous processing of both handheld biomixing and biowriting of kombucha cultured pre-crosslinked nanocellulose bioink for regeneration of irregular and multi-layered tissue defects.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {136966},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136966},
pmid = {39490478},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {The nanocellulosic pellicle derived from the symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (Kombucha SCOBY) is an important biomaterial for 3D bioprinting in tissue engineering. However, this nanocellulosic hydrogel has a highly entangled gel network. This needs to be partially modified to improve its processability and extrusion ability for its applications in the 3D bioprinting area. To control its mechanical and biological properties for direct 3D bioprinting applications, uniform reinforcement of nanocellulose-interacting polymers and nanoparticles in such a prefabricated gel network is essential. In this study, the hydrogel network is partially hydrolyzed with organic acid and subsequently transformed into a 3D bioprintable polyelectrolyte complex with chitosan and kaolin nanoparticles without any chemical crosslinker using a handheld 3D bioprinter. This handheld bioprinter ensures homogeneity in both biomixing and bioprinting of chitosan and kaolin within the modified nanocellulose network for multi-layered bioprinted scaffolds through an extensional shear mechanism. The biomixing simulation, mechanical (static, dynamic, and cyclic), 3D bioprinting, and cellular studies confirm the homogeneous biomixing of kaolin nanoparticles and live cells in this nanocellulose-chitosan polyelectrolyte hydrogel. The combination of SCOBY-derived nanocellulose-chitosan bioink with kaolin nanoparticles and a screw-driven handheld extrusion bioprinter demonstrates a promising platform for layer-by-layer regeneration of complex tissues with homogeneous cell/particle distribution with high cell viability.},
}
@article {pmid39489442,
year = {2024},
author = {Majhi, B and Semwal, P and Mishra, SK and Chauhan, PS},
title = {"Strategies for microbes-mediated arsenic bioremediation: Impact of quorum sensing in the rhizosphere".},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {177321},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177321},
pmid = {39489442},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are gaining recognition as pivotal agents in bioremediation, particularly in arsenic-contaminated environments. These bacteria leverage quorum sensing, an advanced communication system, to synchronize their activities within the rhizosphere and refine their arsenic detoxification strategies. Quorum Sensing enables PGPR to regulate critical processes such as biofilm formation, motility, and the activation of arsenic-resistance genes. This collective coordination enhances their capacity to immobilize, transform, and detoxify arsenic, decreasing its bioavailability and harmful effects on plants. Furthermore, quorum sensing strengthens the symbiotic relationship between growth-promoting rhizobacteria and plant roots, facilitating better nutrient exchange and boosting plant tolerance to stress. The current review highlights the significant role of quorum sensing in improving the efficacy of PGPR in arsenic remediation. Understanding and harnessing the PGPR-mediated quorum sensing mechanism to decipher the complex signaling pathways and communication systems could significantly advance remediation strategy, promoting sustainable soil health and boosting agricultural productivity.},
}
@article {pmid39489409,
year = {2024},
author = {Kong, X and Wang, W and Xia, S and Zhi, Y and Cai, Y and Zhang, H and Shen, X},
title = {Molecular and functional characterization of short peptidoglycan recognition proteins in Vesicomyidae clam.},
journal = {Developmental and comparative immunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {105284},
doi = {10.1016/j.dci.2024.105284},
pmid = {39489409},
issn = {1879-0089},
abstract = {Within cold seep environments, the Vesicomyidae clam emerges as a prevalent species, distinguished by its symbiotic relationship with microorganisms housed within its organ gill. Given the extreme conditions and the symbiotic nature of this association, investigating the host's immune genes, particularly immune recognition receptors, is essential for understanding their role in facilitating host-symbiotic interactions. Three short peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) were identified in the clam. AmPGRP-S1, -S2, and -S3 were found to possess conserved amidase binding sites and Zn[2+] binding sites. Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed differential expression patterns among the PGRPs. AmPGRP-S1 and AmPGRP-S2 exhibited elevated expression levels in the gill, while AmPGRP-S3 displayed the highest expression in the adductor muscle. Functional experiments demonstrated that recombinant AmPGRP-S1, -S2, and -S3 (rAmPGRPs) exhibited binding capabilities to both L-PGN and D-PGN (peptidoglycan). Notably, rAmPGRP-S1 and -S2 possessed Zn[2+]-independent amidase activity, while rAmPGRP-S3 lacked this enzymatic function. rAmPGRPs were shown to bind to five different bacterial species. Among these, rAmPGRP-S1 inhibited Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, while rAmPGRP-S2 and -S3 inhibited Bacillus subtilis in the absence of Zn[2+]. In the presence of Zn[2+], rAmPGRP-S1 and -S2 exhibited enhanced inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus or Bacillus subtilis. These findings suggest that AmPGRPs may play a pivotal role in mediating the interaction between the host and endosymbiotic bacteria, functioning as PGN and microbe receptors, antibacterial effectors, and regulators of host-microbe symbiosis. These results contribute to our understanding of the adaptive mechanisms of deep-sea organisms to the challenging cold seep environments.},
}
@article {pmid39488693,
year = {2024},
author = {Noguchi, M and Toju, H},
title = {Mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi structure forest below-ground symbiosis through contrasting but interdependent assembly processes.},
journal = {Environmental microbiome},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {84},
pmid = {39488693},
issn = {2524-6372},
support = {JP23KJ1380//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; JPMJFR2048//Japan Science and Technology Agency/ ; RGP0029/2019//Human Frontier Science Program/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Interactions between plants and diverse root-associated fungi are essential drivers of forest ecosystem dynamics. The symbiosis is potentially dependent on multiple ecological factors/processes such as host/symbiont specificity, background soil microbiome, inter-root dispersal of symbionts, and fungus-fungus interactions within roots. Nonetheless, it has remained a major challenge to reveal the mechanisms by which those multiple factors/processes determine the assembly of root-associated fungal communities. Based on the framework of joint species distribution modeling, we examined 1,615 root-tips samples collected in a cool-temperate forest to reveal how root-associated fungal community structure was collectively formed through filtering by host plants, associations with background soil fungi, spatial autocorrelation, and symbiont-symbiont interactions. In addition, to detect fungi that drive the assembly of the entire root-associated fungal community, we inferred networks of direct fungus-fungus associations by a statistical modeling that could account for implicit environmental effects.<br><br>RESULTS: The fine-scale community structure of root-associated fungi were best explained by the statistical model including the four ecological factors/processes. Meanwhile, among partial models, those including background soil fungal community structure and within-root fungus-fungus interactions showed the highest performance. When fine-root distributions were examined, ectomycorrhizal fungi tended to show stronger associations with background soil community structure and spatially autocorrelated patterns than other fungal guilds. In contrast, the distributions of root-endophytic fungi were inferred to depend greatly on fungus-fungus interactions. An additional statistical analysis further suggested that some endophytic fungi, such as Phialocephala and Leptodontidium, were placed at the core positions within the web of direct associations with other root-associated fungi.<br><br>CONCLUSION: By applying emerging statistical frameworks to intensive datasets of root-associated fungal communities, we demonstrated background soil fungal community structure and fungus-fungus associations within roots, as well as filtering by host plants and spatial autocorrelation in ecological processes, could collectively drive the assembly of root-associated fungi. We also found that basic assembly rules could differ between mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi, both of which were major components of forest ecosystems. Consequently, knowledge of how multiple ecological factors/processes differentially drive the assembly of multiple fungal guilds is indispensable for comprehensively understanding the mechanisms by which terrestrial ecosystem dynamics are organized by plant-fungal symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39487507,
year = {2024},
author = {Hou, M and Leng, C and Zhu, J and Yang, M and Yin, Y and Xing, Y and Chen, J},
title = {Alpine and subalpine plant microbiome mediated plants adapt to the cold environment: A systematic review.},
journal = {Environmental microbiome},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {82},
pmid = {39487507},
issn = {2524-6372},
abstract = {With global climate change, ecosystems are affected, some of which are more vulnerable than others, such as alpine ecosystems. Microbes play an important role in environmental change in global ecosystems. Plants and microbes are tightly associated, and symbiotic or commensal microorganisms are crucial for plants to respond to stress, particularly for alpine plants. The current study of alpine and subalpine plant microbiome only stays at the community structure scale, but its ecological function and mechanism to help plants to adapt to the harsh environments have not received enough attention. Therefore, it is essential to systematically understand the structure, functions and mechanisms of the microbial community of alpine and subalpine plants, which will be helpful for the conservation of alpine and subalpine plants using synthetic microbial communities in the future. This review mainly summarizes the research progress of the alpine plant microbiome and its mediating mechanism of plant cold adaptation from the following three perspectives: (1) Microbiome community structure and their unique taxa of alpine and subalpine plants; (2) The role of alpine and subalpine plant microbiome in plant adaptation to cold stress; (3) Mechanisms by which the microbiome of alpine and subalpine plants promotes plant adaptation to low-temperature environments. Finally, we also discussed the future application of high-throughput technologies in the development of microbial communities for alpine and subalpine plants. The existing knowledge could improve our understanding of the important role of microbes in plant adaptation to harsh environments. In addition, perspective further studies on microbes' function confirmation and microbial manipulations in microbiome engineering were also discussed.},
}
@article {pmid39487149,
year = {2024},
author = {Sato, T and Abe, K and Koseki, J and Seto, M and Yokoyama, J and Akashi, T and Terada, M and Kadowaki, K and Yoshida, S and Yamashiki, YA and Shimamura, T},
title = {Survivability and life support in sealed mini-ecosystems with simulated planetary soils.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {26322},
pmid = {39487149},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*Soil Microbiology ; *Soil/chemistry ; *Ecosystem ; Ecological Systems, Closed ; Microbiota ; Life Support Systems ; Space Flight ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Groundwater/microbiology ; Plants/microbiology/metabolism ; Cyanobacteria/growth &amp; development/metabolism/physiology ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Establishing a sustainable life-support system for space exploration is a formidable challenge due to the vast distances, high costs, and environmental differences from Earth. Building upon the lessons from the Biosphere 2 experiment, we introduce the novel "Ecosphere" and "Biosealed" systems, self-sustaining ecosystems within customizable, enclosed containers. These systems incorporate terrestrial ecosystems and groundwater layers, offering a potential model for transplanting Earth-like biomes to extraterrestrial environments. Over 4 years, we conducted rigorous experiments and analyses to understand the dynamics of these enclosed ecosystems. We successfully mitigated moisture deficiency, a major obstacle to plant growth, by incorporating groundwater layers. Additionally, we quantified microbial communities proliferating in specific soils, including simulated lunar and Ryugu asteroid regolith, enhance plant cultivation in space environments. Metagenomic analysis of these simulated space soils revealed diverse microbial populations and their crucial role in plant growth and ecosystem stability. Notably, we identified symbiotic relationships between plants and Cyanobacteria, enhancing oxygen production, and demonstrated the potential of LED lighting as an alternative light source for plant cultivation in sun-limited space missions. We also confirmed the survival of fruit flies within these systems, relying on plant-produced oxygen and photosynthetic bacteria. Our research provides a comprehensive framework for developing future space life-support systems. The novelty of our work lies in the unique design of our enclosed ecosystems, incorporating groundwater layers and simulated extraterrestrial soils, and the detailed analysis of microbial communities within these systems. These findings offer valuable insights into the challenges and potential solutions for establishing sustainable human habitats in space, including the importance of microbial management and potential health concerns related to microbial exposure.},
}
@article {pmid39484594,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhou, Y and Komnick, MR and Sepulveda, F and Liu, G and Nieves-Ortiz, E and Meador, K and Ndatabaye, O and Fatkhullina, A and Wu-Woods, NJ and Naydenkov, PM and Kent, J and Christiansen, N and Madariaga, ML and Witkowski, P and Ismagilov, RF and Esterházy, D},
title = {Inducible, but not constitutive, pancreatic REG/Reg isoforms are regulated by intestinal microbiota and pancreatic diseases.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2024.10.18.619139},
pmid = {39484594},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {The REG / Reg gene locus encodes for a conserved family of potent antimicrobial but also pancreatitis-associated proteins. Here we investigated whether REG/Reg family members differ in their baseline expression levels and abilities to be regulated in the pancreas and gut upon perturbations. We found, in human and mouse, pancreas and gut differed in REG / Reg isoform levels and preferences, with duodenum most resembling the pancreas. Pancreatic acinar cells and intestinal enterocytes were the dominant REG producers. Intestinal symbiotic microbes regulated the expression of the same, select Reg members in gut and pancreas. These Reg members had the most STAT3-binding sites close to the transcription start sites and were partially IL-22 dependent. We thus categorized them as "inducible" and others as "constitutive". Indeed, also in models of pancreatic-ductal adenocarcinoma and pancreatitis, only inducible Reg members were upregulated in pancreas. While intestinal Reg expression remained unchanged upon pancreatic perturbation, pancreatitis altered the microbial composition of the duodenum and feces shortly after disease onset. Our study reveals differential usage and regulation of REG / Reg isoforms as a mechanism for tissue-specific innate immunity, highlights the intimate connection of pancreas and duodenum, and implies a gut-to-pancreas communication axis resulting in a coordinated Reg response.},
}
@article {pmid39488793,
year = {2024},
author = {Hedin, KA and Mirhakkak, MH and Vaaben, TH and Sands, C and Pedersen, M and Baker, A and Vazquez-Uribe, R and Schäuble, S and Panagiotou, G and Wellejus, A and Sommer, MOA},
title = {Saccharomyces boulardii enhances anti-inflammatory effectors and AhR activation via metabolic interactions in probiotic communities.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae212},
pmid = {39488793},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Metabolic exchanges between strains in gut microbial communities shape their composition and interactions with the host. This study investigates the metabolic synergy between potential probiotic bacteria and Saccharomyces boulardii, aiming to enhance anti-inflammatory effects within a multi-species probiotic community. By screening a collection of 85 potential probiotic bacterial strains, we identified two strains that demonstrated a synergistic relationship with S. boulardii in pairwise co-cultivation. Furthermore, we computationally predicted cooperative communities with symbiotic relationships between S. boulardii and these bacteria. Experimental validation of 28 communities highlighted the role of S. boulardii as a key player in microbial communities, significantly boosting the community's cell number and production of anti-inflammatory effectors, thereby affirming its essential role in improving symbiotic dynamics. Based on our observation, one defined community significantly activated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-a key regulator of immune response-280-fold more effectively than the community without S. boulardii. This study underscores the potential of microbial communities for the design of more effective probiotic formulations.},
}
@article {pmid39488738,
year = {2024},
author = {Guo, D and Deng, Y and Yang, Q and Li, M and Wang, X and Wan, X and He, J and Xu, Y and Huang, W and Lin, G and Xu, Y and Sun, Y and Zhang, R and Chen, WH and Liu, Z},
title = {Symbiotic probiotic communities with multiple targets successfully combat obesity in high-fat-diet-fed mice.},
journal = {Gut microbes},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {2420771},
doi = {10.1080/19490976.2024.2420771},
pmid = {39488738},
issn = {1949-0984},
mesh = {Animals ; *Obesity/metabolism/microbiology ; *Probiotics/administration &amp; dosage/pharmacology ; *Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects ; Mice ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Male ; *Adipocytes/metabolism ; *Symbiosis ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/metabolism ; Amidohydrolases/metabolism/genetics ; Lipase/metabolism ; Bacteria/metabolism/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification ; Energy Metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; },
abstract = {Probiotics hold great potential for treating metabolic diseases such as obesity. Given the complex and multifactorial nature of these diseases, research on probiotic combination with multiple targets has become popular. Here, we choose four obesity-related targets to perform high-throughput screening, including pancreatic lipase activity, bile salt hydrolase activity, glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion and adipocyte differentiation. Then, we obtained 649 multi-strain combinations with the requirement that each must cover all these targets in principle. After in vitro co-culture and in vivo co-colonization experiments, only four (<0.7%) combinations were selected as symbiotic probiotic communities (SPCs). Next, genome-scale metabolic model analysis revealed that these SPCs showed lower metabolic resource overlap and higher metabolic interaction potential involving amino acid metabolism (Ammonium, L-Lysine, etc.) and energy metabolism (Phosphate, etc.). Further animal experiments demonstrated that all SPCs exhibited a good safety profile and excellent effects in improving obesity and associated glucose metabolism disruptions and depression-like behaviors in high-fat-diet-fed mice. This anti-obesity improvement was achieved through reduced cholesterol level, fat accumulation and inhibited adipocyte differentiation. Taken together, our study provides a new perspective for designing multi-strain combinations, which may facilitate greater therapeutic effect on obesity and other complex diseases in the future.},
}
@article {pmid39487991,
year = {2024},
author = {Berckx, F and Van Nguyen, T and Hilker, R and Wibberg, D and Battenberg, K and Kalinowski, J and Berry, A and Pawlowski, K},
title = {Host dependent specialized metabolism of nitrogen export in actinorhizal nodules induced by Frankia cluster-2.},
journal = {Journal of experimental botany},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jxb/erae446},
pmid = {39487991},
issn = {1460-2431},
abstract = {Frankia cluster-2 strains are diazotrophs that engage in root nodule symbiosis with actinorhizal plants of the Cucurbitales and the Rosales. Previous studies have shown that an assimilated nitrogen source, presumably arginine, is exported to the host in nodules of Datisca glomerata (Cucurbitales), while a different metabolite is exported in the nodules of Ceanothus thyrsiflorus (Rosales). To investigate if an assimilated nitrogen form is commonly exported to the host by cluster-2 strains, and which metabolite would be exported in Ceanothus, we analysed gene expression levels, metabolite profiles, and enzyme activities in nodules. We conclude that the export of assimilated nitrogen in symbiosis seems to be a common feature for Frankia cluster-2 strains, but which source is host-dependent. The export of assimilated ammonium to the host suggests that 2-oxoglutarate is drawn from the TCA cycle at a high rate. This specialised metabolism obviates the need for the reductive branch of the TCA cycle. We found several genes encoding enzymes of the central carbon and nitrogen metabolism were lacking in Frankia cluster-2 genomes: the glyoxylate shunt and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase. This led to a linearization of the TCA cycle, and we hypothesize this could explain the low saprotrophic potential of Frankia cluster-2.},
}
@article {pmid39486570,
year = {2024},
author = {Igamberdiev, AU},
title = {Human-driven evolution of cultivated plants and the origin of early civilizations: The concept of Neolithic revolution in the works of Nikolai Vavilov.},
journal = {Bio Systems},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {105359},
doi = {10.1016/j.biosystems.2024.105359},
pmid = {39486570},
issn = {1872-8324},
abstract = {The concept of centers of origin of cultivated plants (crop biodiversity hotspots) developed by Nikolai Vavilov (1887-1943) is essential for understanding the origin and evolution of human civilization. Vavilov formulated the principles of Neolithic agricultural revolution and substantiated the basic patterns for the emergence of agricultural civilizations. He established that the center of speciation of the plants that have a potential for cultivation determines the origin of primary civilization. Humans actively performed the selection of plants with valuable properties, which led to the formation of new cultivated species and varieties, while the starting point for such unconsciously human-directed evolution was the presence of potentially useful traits due to the increased genetic diversity in the center of origin. The spreading of agriculturally important cultivars from the center of their origin led to the propagation of beneficial farming technologies over large areas. The establishment of human civilization resulted from the dynamic quasi-symbiotic relationship between humans and domesticated plants and animals, which human-driven evolution became an essential factor for the transformation and dynamics of human societies. In the addendum, we present archive materials on the cooperation of Nikolai Vavilov with the historians and ethnologists from the editorial board of the journal "Novy Vostok" ("Nouvel Orient"). These materials include his letters to Professor Ilya Borozdin.},
}
@article {pmid39486317,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, Y and Sun, C and Yan, Y and Jiang, D and Huangfu, S and Tian, L},
title = {Impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on maize rhizosphere microbiome stability under moderate drought conditions.},
journal = {Microbiological research},
volume = {290},
number = {},
pages = {127957},
doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2024.127957},
pmid = {39486317},
issn = {1618-0623},
abstract = {With an alarming increase in global greenhouse gas emissions, unstable weather conditions are significantly impacting agricultural production. Drought stress is one of the frequent consequences of climate change that affects crop growth and yield. Addressing this issue is critical to ensure stable crop productivity under drought conditions. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish symbiotic relationships with plants and enhance their resistance to adverse conditions. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal associations on the rhizosphere microbiome and root transcriptome under drought conditions have not been explored. Here, we investigated the effects of AMF and drought stress on rhizosphere microorganisms and root transcriptome of maize plants grown in chernozem soil. We used high-throughput sequencing data of bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) to identify rhizosphere microorganisms. Transcriptomic data were used to assess gene expression in maize plants under different treatments. Our results show that AMF maintains the composition of maize rhizosphere microorganisms under drought stress. In particular, the bacterial and fungal phyla maintained were Actinomycetes and Ascomycota, respectively. Transcriptomic data indicated that AMF influenced gene expression in maize plants under drought stress. Under drought stress, the expression of SWEET13, CHIT3, and RPL23A was significantly higher in the presence of AMF than it was without AMF inoculation, indicating better sugar transport, reduced malondialdehyde accumulation, and improved water use efficiency in AMF-inoculated maize plants. These findings suggest that AMF can enhance the resistance of maize to moderate drought stress by stabilising plant physical traits, which may help maintain the structure of the rhizosphere microbial community. This study provides valuable theoretical insights that should aid the utilization of AMF in sustainable agricultural practices.},
}
@article {pmid39484028,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhao, Z and Liswaniso, S and Qin, N and Cao, S and Wu, X and Ma, C and Yan, C and Xu, R and Sun, X},
title = {Effects of a novel synbiotics-enzyme complex as a replacement for antibiotics on growth performance, slaughter and meat characteristics, immune organ index, and intestinal morphology of broilers.},
journal = {Frontiers in veterinary science},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1468847},
pmid = {39484028},
issn = {2297-1769},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Antibiotic use in broilers is being discouraged globally due to the challenges it poses. This study was conducted to assess the effects of supplementing broilers with a Symbiotic-Enzyme complex (SEC) containing prebiotics (mannose oligosaccharides), probiotics (Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus subtilis), and enzymes (glucose oxidase, and α-galactosidase) as an alternative to antibiotics on growth performance, carcass and meat quality traits, mortality, linear body measurements, intestinal morphology and immune organ indexes.<br><br>METHOD: A total of 864 mixed-sex 1-day-old arbor acres (AA+) broilers were allocated to 8 experimental groups replicated 9 times with 12 chickens per replicate. These included 6 treatment groups with SEC inclusion levels of 0.025, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10%, respectively, and two control groups: a negative control group containing a basal diet only and the positive control group (Antibiotics group) containing a basal diet and antibiotic oxytetracycline added at 0.2%. Growth performance was measured on day 21 and 42, and the mortality, carcass, meat quality traits, linear body measurements, intestinal morphology, and organ size indexes were measured on day 42.<br><br>RESULTS: The results indicated that supplementing broilers with 0.1% SEC resulted in insignificant (P > 0.05) increases in average daily feed intake (ADFI), significant (P < 0.05) increases in the average daily gains (ADG), and significant (P < 0.05) reduction in a feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) in all the phases compared to the control and antibiotics groups. Supplementation of broilers with 0.1% SEC inclusion levels also significantly (P < 0.05) increased the body slope length, chest width, chest depth, keel length, and shank circumference. Furthermore, broilers on diets containing 0.1% SEC inclusion level also had significantly (P < 0.05) higher dressed, semi-evisceration, evisceration, and breast muscle percentages. Including SEC at 0.1% also significantly (P < 0.05) increased villus height and villus-to-crypt ratio (V/C) but reduced crypt depth in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum compared to the control groups. SEC inclusion at 0.1% significantly (P < 0.05) increased the spleen, bursal, and thymus indexes, respectively.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Supplementation of broilers with 0.1% SEC can be used as an antibiotic alternative because it increases the F/G, improves the carcass and meat quality, increases the body conformation, improves the small intestines' functions, and immune organ size.},
}
@article {pmid39483758,
year = {2024},
author = {Klein, M and Bisot, C and Oyarte Gálvez, L and Kokkoris, V and Shimizu, TS and Dong, L and Weedon, JT and Bouwmeester, H and Kiers, ET},
title = {The potential of strigolactones to shift competitive dynamics among two Rhizophagus irregularis strains.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1470469},
pmid = {39483758},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Strigolactones are phytohormones that influence arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) spore germination, pre-symbiotic hyphal branching, and metabolic rates. Historically, strigolactone effects have been tested on single AMF strains. An open question is whether intraspecific variation in strigolactone effects and intraspecific interactions can influence AMF competition. Using the Rhizophagus irregularis strains A5 and C2, we tested for intraspecific variation in the response of germination and pre-symbiotic growth (i.e., hyphal length and branching) to the strigolactones GR24 and 5-deoxystrigol. We also tested if interactions between these strains modified their germination rates and pre-symbiotic growth. Spore germination rates were consistently high (> 90%) for C2 spores, regardless of treatment and the presence of the other strain. For A5 spores, germination was increased by strigolactone presence from approximately 30 to 70% but reduced when grown in mixed culture. When growing together, branching increased for both strains compared to monocultures. In mixed cultures, strigolactones increased the branching for both strains but led to an increase in hyphal length only for the strain A5. These strain-specific responses suggest that strigolactones may have the potential to shift competitive dynamics among AMF species with direct implications for the establishment of the AMF community.},
}
@article {pmid39482197,
year = {2024},
author = {Bowland, AC and Melin, AD and Hosken, DJ and Hockings, KJ and Carrigan, MA},
title = {The evolutionary ecology of ethanol.},
journal = {Trends in ecology &amp; evolution},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2024.09.005},
pmid = {39482197},
issn = {1872-8383},
abstract = {The consumption of ethanol has frequently been seen as largely restricted to humans. Here, we take a broad eco-evolutionary approach to understanding ethanol's potential impact on the natural world. There is growing evidence that ethanol is present in many wild fruits, saps, and nectars and that ethanol ingestion offers benefits that favour adaptations for its use in multiple taxa. Explanations for ethanol consumption span both the nutritional and non-nutritional, with potential medicinal value or cognitive effects (with social-behavioural benefits) explored. We conclude that ethanol is ecologically relevant and that it has shaped the evolution of many species and structured symbiotic relationships among organisms, including plants, yeast, bacteria, insects, and mammals.},
}
@article {pmid39481932,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhu, S and Mao, H and Sun, S and Yang, X and Zhao, W and Sheng, L and Chen, Z},
title = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promote functional gene regulation of phosphorus cycling in rhizosphere microorganisms of Iris tectorum under Cr stress.},
journal = {Journal of environmental sciences (China)},
volume = {151},
number = {},
pages = {187-199},
doi = {10.1016/j.jes.2024.02.029},
pmid = {39481932},
issn = {1001-0742},
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Phosphorus/metabolism ; *Rhizosphere ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Chromium/metabolism ; *Soil Pollutants/metabolism ; Iris Plant/metabolism ; Symbiosis ; },
abstract = {The mutualistic symbiotic system formed by clumping arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plants can remediate heavy metal-contaminated soils. However, the specific mechanisms underlying the interaction between AMF and inter-root microbial communities, particularly their impact on organic phosphorus (P) cycling, remain unclear. This study investigated the gene regulation processes involved in inter-root soil phosphorus cycling in wetland plants, specifically Iris tectorum, following inoculation with AMF under varying concentrations of chromium (Cr) stress. Through macro-genome sequencing, we analyzed the composition and structure of the inter-root soil microbial community associated with Iris tectorum under greenhouse pot conditions. The results demonstrated significant changes in the diversity and composition of the inter-root soil microbial community following AMF inoculation, with Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, and Bacteroidetes being the dominant taxa. Under Cr stress, species and gene co-occurrence network analysis revealed that AMF promoted the transformation process of organic phosphorus mineralization and facilitated inorganic phosphorus uptake. Additionally, network analysis of functional genes indicated strong aggregation of (pstS, pstA, pstC, TC.PIT, phoR, pp-gppA) genes, which collectively enhanced phosphorus uptake by plants. These findings shed light on the inter-root soil phosphorus cycling process during the co-remediation of Cr-contaminated soil by AMF-Iris tectorum symbiosis, providing valuable theoretical support for the application of AMF-wetland plant symbiosis systems to remediate heavy metal-contaminated soil.},
}
@article {pmid39481695,
year = {2024},
author = {Ma, Y and Chen, T and Sun, T and Dilimulati, D and Xiao, Y},
title = {The oncomicrobiome: new insights into microorganisms in cancer.},
journal = {Microbial pathogenesis},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {107091},
doi = {10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107091},
pmid = {39481695},
issn = {1096-1208},
abstract = {The discoveries of the oncomicrobiome (intratumoral microbiome) and oncomicrobiota (intratumoral microbiota) represent significant advances in tumor research and have rapidly become of key interest to the field. Within tumors, microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea form the oncomicrobiota and are primarily found within tumor cells, immunocytes, and the intercellular matrix. The oncomicrobiome exhibits marked heterogeneity and is associated with tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and treatment response. Interactions between the oncomicrobiome and the immune system can modulate host antitumor immunity, influencing the efficacy of immunotherapies. Oncomicrobiome research also faces numerous challenges, including overcoming methodological issues such as low target abundance, susceptibility to contamination, and biases in sample handling and analysis methods across different studies. Furthermore, studies of the oncomicrobiome may be confounded by baseline differences in microbiomes among populations driven by both environmental and genetic factors. Most studies to date have revealed associations between the oncomicrobiome and tumors, but very few have established mechanistic links between the two. This review introduces the relevant concepts, detection methods, sources, and characteristics of the oncomicrobiome. We then describe the composition of the oncomicrobiome in common tumors and its role in shaping the tumor microenvironment. We also discuss the current problems and challenges to be overcome in this rapidly progressing field.},
}
@article {pmid39481116,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, X and Dong, H and Wang, H and Ren, X and Yang, X and Li, T and Fu, G and Xia, M and Fang, H and Du, G and Jin, Z and Zhang, D},
title = {Recent Advances in Genetic Engineering Strategies of Sinorhizobium meliloti.},
journal = {ACS synthetic biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acssynbio.4c00348},
pmid = {39481116},
issn = {2161-5063},
abstract = {Sinorhizobium meliloti is a free-living soil Gram-negative bacterium that participates in nitrogen-fixation symbiosis with several legumes. S. meliloti has the potential to be utilized for the production of high-value nutritional compounds, such as vitamin B12. Advances in gene editing tools play a vital role in the development of S. meliloti strains with enhanced characteristics for biotechnological applications. Several novel genetic engineering strategies have emerged in recent years to investigate genetic modifications in S. meliloti. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanism and application of the extensively used Tn5-mediated genetic engineering strategies. Strategies based on homologous recombination and site-specific recombination were also discussed. Subsequently, the development and application of the genetic engineering strategies utilizing various CRISPR/Cas systems in S. meliloti are summarized. This review may stimulate research interest among scientists, foster studies in the application areas of S. meliloti, and serve as a reference for the utilization of genome editing tools for other Rhizobium species.},
}
@article {pmid39480079,
year = {2024},
author = {Nazaret, F and Farajzadeh, D and Mejias, J and Pacoud, M and Cosi, A and Frendo, P and Alloing, G and Mandon, K},
title = {SydR, a redox-sensing MarR-type regulator of Sinorhizobium meliloti, is crucial for symbiotic infection of Medicago truncatula roots.},
journal = {mBio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0227524},
doi = {10.1128/mbio.02275-24},
pmid = {39480079},
issn = {2150-7511},
abstract = {Rhizobia associate with legumes and induce the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules. The regulation of bacterial redox state plays a major role in symbiosis, and reactive oxygen species produced by the plant are known to activate signaling pathways. However, only a few redox-sensing transcriptional regulators (TRs) have been characterized in the microsymbiont. Here, we describe SydR, a novel redox-sensing TR of Sinorhizobium meliloti that is essential for the establishment of symbiosis with Medicago truncatula. SydR, a MarR-type TR, represses the expression of the adjacent gene SMa2023 in growing cultures, and this repression is alleviated by NaOCl, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, or H2O2 treatment. Transcriptional psydR-gfp and pSMa2023-gfp fusions, as well as gel shift assays, showed that SydR binds two independent sites of the sydR-SMa2023 intergenic region. This binding is redox-dependent, and site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that the conserved C16 is essential for SydR redox sensing. The inactivation of sydR did not alter the sensitivity of S. meliloti to NaOCl, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, or H2O2, nor did it affect the response to oxidants of the roGFP2-Orp1 redox biosensor expressed within bacteria. However, in planta, ΔsydR mutation impaired the formation of root nodules. Microscopic observations and analyses of plant marker gene expression showed that the ΔsydR mutant is defective at an early stage of the bacterial infection process. Altogether, these results demonstrated that SydR is a redox-sensing MarR-type TR that plays a key role in the regulation of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with M. truncatula.IMPORTANCEThe nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between rhizobia and legumes has an important ecological role in the nitrogen cycle, contributes to nitrogen enrichment of soils, and can improve plant growth in agriculture. This interaction is initiated in the rhizosphere by a molecular dialog between the two partners, resulting in plant root infection and the formation of root nodules, where bacteria reduce the atmospheric nitrogen into ammonium. This symbiosis involves modifications of the bacterial redox state in response to reactive oxygen species produced by the plant partner. Here, we show that SydR, a transcriptional regulator of the Medicago symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti, acts as a redox-responsive repressor that is crucial for the development of root nodules and contributes to the regulation of bacterial infection in S. meliloti/Medicago truncatula symbiotic interaction.},
}
@article {pmid39479926,
year = {2024},
author = {Watanabe, A and Tipgomut, C and Totani, H and Yoshimura, K and Iwano, T and Bashiri, H and Chua, LH and Yang, C and Suda, T},
title = {Noncanonical TCA cycle fosters canonical TCA cycle and mitochondrial integrity in acute myeloid leukemia.},
journal = {Cancer science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/cas.16347},
pmid = {39479926},
issn = {1349-7006},
support = {NMRC/MOH-STaR18May (MOH-000149)//National Medical Research Council of Singapore/ ; },
abstract = {Cancer cells rely on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and the noncanonical tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. In this paper, we shed light on the vital role played by the noncanonical TCA cycle in a host-side concession to mitochondria, especially in highly energy-demanding malignant tumor cells. Inhibition of ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), a key enzyme in the noncanonical TCA cycle, induced apoptosis by increasing reactive oxygen species levels and DNA damage while reducing mitochondrial membrane potential. The mitochondrial membrane citrate transporter inhibitor, CTPI2, synergistically enhanced these effects. ACLY inhibition reduced cytosolic citrate levels and CTPI2 lowered ACLY activity, suggesting that the noncanonical TCA cycle is sustained by a positive feedback mechanism. These inhibitions impaired ATP production, particularly through OXPHOS. Metabolomic analysis of mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions revealed reduced levels of glutathione pathway-related and TCA cycle-related metabolite, except fumarate, in mitochondria following noncanonical TCA cycle inhibition. Despite the efficient energy supply to the cell by mitochondria, this symbiosis poses challenges related to reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial maintenance. In conclusion, the noncanonical TCA cycle is indispensable for the canonical TCA cycle and mitochondrial integrity, contributing to mitochondrial domestication.},
}
@article {pmid39479547,
year = {2024},
author = {He, T and Yang, M and Du, H and Du, R and He, Y and Wang, S and Deng, W and Liu, Y and He, X and Zhu, Y and Zhu, S and Du, F},
title = {Biocontrol agents transform the stability and functional characteristics of the grape phyllosphere microenvironment.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1439776},
pmid = {39479547},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {The spread of grape leaf diseases has a negative impact on the sustainable development of agriculture. Diseases induced by Uncinula necator significantly affect the quality of grapes. Bacillus biocontrol agents have been proven effective in disease management. However, limited research has been conducted on the impact of biocontrol agents on the assembly and potential functions of plant phyllosphere microbial communities. This study used high-throughput sequencing combined with bioinformatics analysis and culture omics technology for analysis. The results showed that biocontrol bacteria B. subtilis utilized in this study can significantly reduce the disease index of powdery mildew (p<0.05); concurrently, it exhibits a lower disease index compared to traditional fungicides. A comprehensive analysis has revealed that biocontrol bacteria have no significant impact on the diversity of phyllosphere fungi and bacteria, while fungicides can significantly reduce bacterial diversity. Additionally, biocontrol agents can increase the complexity of fungal networks and enhance the degree of modularity and stability of the bacterial network. The results also showed that the biocontrol agents, which contained a high amount of B. subtilis, were able to effectively colonize the grapevine phyllosphere, creating a microenvironment that significantly inhibits pathogenic bacteria on grape leaves while enhancing leaf photosynthetic capacity. In conclusion, biocontrol agents significantly reduce the grape powdery mildew disease index, promote a microenvironment conducive to symbiotic microorganisms and beneficial bacteria, and enhance plant photosynthetic capacity. These findings provide a basis for promoting biocontrol agents and offer valuable insights into sustainable agriculture development.},
}
@article {pmid39479456,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, M and Cui, Y and Qi, Q and Liu, J and Li, J and Huang, G and Yang, J and Sun, J and Ma, Z and Liang, S and Zhang, D and Jiang, J and Zhu, R and Liu, Q and Huang, R and Yan, J},
title = {SPOP downregulation promotes bladder cancer progression based on cancer cell-macrophage crosstalk via STAT3/CCL2/IL-6 axis and is regulated by VEZF1.},
journal = {Theranostics},
volume = {14},
number = {17},
pages = {6543-6559},
pmid = {39479456},
issn = {1838-7640},
mesh = {Humans ; *Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism/genetics ; *Repressor Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; *STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism/genetics ; *Interleukin-6/metabolism ; *Nuclear Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; *Chemokine CCL2/metabolism/genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Animals ; *Tumor Microenvironment ; *Disease Progression ; *Down-Regulation ; Mice ; *Tumor-Associated Macrophages/metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Signal Transduction ; Mice, Nude ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism/genetics ; Female ; },
abstract = {Background: Cancer cells are intimately intertwined with tumor microenvironment (TME), fostering a symbiotic relationship propelling cancer progression. However, the interaction between cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) remains poorly understood. Methods: UBC cell lines (5637, T24 and SW780), along with a monocytic cell line (U937) capable of differentiating into macrophage, were used in a co-culture system for cell proliferation and stemness by MTT, sphere formation assays. VEZF1/SPOP/STAT3/CCL2/ IL-6 axis was determined by luciferase reporter, ChIP, RNA-seq, co-IP, in vitro ubiquitination, RT-qPCR array and ELISA analyses. Results: We observed the frequent downregulation of SPOP, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, was positively associated with tumor progression and TAM infiltration in UBC patients and T24 xenografts. Cancer cell-TAM crosstalk promoting tumor aggressiveness was demonstrated dependent on SPOP deficiency: 1) In UBC cells, STAT3 was identified as a novel substrate of SPOP, and SPOP deficiency increased STAT3 protein stability, elevated chemokine CCL2 secretion, which induced chemotaxis and M2 polarization of macrophage; 2) In co-cultured macrophages, IL-6 secretion enhanced UBC cell proliferation and stemness. Additionally, transcription factor VEZF1 could directly activate SPOP transcription, and its overexpression suppressed the above effects in UBC cells. Conclusions: A pivotal role of SPOP in maintaining UBC stemness and remodeling immunosuppressive TME was revealed. Both the intrinsic signaling (dysregulated VEZF1/SPOP/STAT3 axis) and the extrinsic cues from TME (CCL2-IL-6 axis based on macrophages) promoted UBC progression. Targeting this crosstalk may offer a promising therapeutic strategy for UBC patients with SPOP deficiency.},
}
@article {pmid39477030,
year = {2024},
author = {An, S and Oh, J and Shon, HJ and Song, J and Choi, YS and Kim, D},
title = {Co-adjuvanting Nod2-stimulating bacteria with a TLR7 agonist elicits potent protective immunity against respiratory virus infection.},
journal = {International journal of antimicrobial agents},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {107369},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107369},
pmid = {39477030},
issn = {1872-7913},
abstract = {The microbiota plays a crucial role in inducing immune responses. Our previous studies have shown that symbiotic bacterial sensing by the nucleotide-binding oligomerization-domain-containing protein 2 (Nod2) receptor is involved in the mucosal adjuvanticity of cholera toxin. However, cholera toxin's potential toxicity limits human use. Here, screening other less toxic adjuvants showed that toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and 7 agonists synergized with the microbiota in inducing adaptive immune responses upon nasal immunization. Particularly, Imiquimod, a TLR7 agonist, exhibited synergistic effects with bacterial component MDP, a Nod2 ligand, in inducing immune responses, such as IL-12p40 and IL-6 productions in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and follicular helper T (TFH) cell differentiation and high-affinity antibody production in immunized mice. The Imiquimod-MDP combination notably elicited immune protection against influenza and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Furthermore, we isolated some bacteria from the nasal cavity of healthy donors, and their Nod2-stimulating activities were measured using a reporter cell line. Staphylococcus aureus, with notable Nod2-stimulating activity, showed higher synergy with Imiquimod than Staphylococcus epidermidis, while the synergistic effects by Imiquimod-bacteria combination disappeared in Nod2-knockout mice. Moreover, the pretreatment with S. aureus enhanced the protective effect of Imiquimod-mediated vaccination against influenza virus compared to S. epidermidis. These results imply that the Imiquimod-MDP and the Imiquimod-bacteria combinations could be novel and promising complex adjuvants in developing intranasal vaccines.},
}
@article {pmid39476928,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, H and Yao, B and Lian, J and Su, Y and Li, Y},
title = {Tree species-dependent effects of afforestation on soil fungal diversity, functional guilds and co-occurrence networks in northern China.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {120258},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2024.120258},
pmid = {39476928},
issn = {1096-0953},
abstract = {Afforestation exerts a profound impact on soil fungal communities, with the nature and extent of these changes significantly influenced by the specific tree species selected. While extensive research has addressed the aboveground ecological outcomes of afforestation, the nuanced interactions between tree species and soil fungal dynamics remain underexplored. This study investigated the effects of afforestation with Caragana microphylla (CMI), Populus simonii (PSI), and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica (PSY) on soil fungal diversity, functional guilds, and co-occurrence networks, drawing comparisons with neighboring grasslands. Our findings reveal a significant increase in soil fungal Chao1 richness following afforestation, though the degree of enhancement varied across tree species. Specifically, CMI and PSI forests showed notable increases in fungal richness, whereas the response in PSY forests was comparatively modest. Saprotrophic fungal groups, integral to organic matter decomposition, showed a substantial increase across all afforested sites, with CMI forests exhibiting an impressive 205.58% rise. Conversely, pathogenic fungi, which can negatively impact plant health, demonstrated a marked decrease within plantation forests. Symbiotic groups, particularly ectomycorrhizal fungi, were notably enriched solely in PSI forests. Co-occurrence network analysis further indicated that afforestation alters fungal network complexity: CMI forests displayed increased network interactions, while PSI and PSY forests exhibited a reduction in network connectivity. Soil bulk density and organic carbon content emerged as key factors influencing network complexity, whereas tree species identity played a crucial role in shaping soil fungal community composition. Collectively, these results emphasize the importance of adopting a species-specific strategy for afforestation to optimize soil fungal diversity and network structure, ultimately enhancing the ecological resilience and sustainability of forest plantation ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid39476691,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhou, M and Li, H and Xi, L and Shi, F and Li, X and Wang, F and Liu, X and Su, H and Wei, Y},
title = {Influence of rhizospheric symbiotic microorganisms on the behavioural effects of antimony in soil-plant system: Insights from a proteomic perspective.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {480},
number = {},
pages = {136328},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136328},
pmid = {39476691},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {Antimony (Sb) pollution in soil-rice systems can affect human health by enriching of food chains. Currently, the mechanism of the negative role underlying microorganisms in plant responses to Sb stress remains clear. The results of this study showed that the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, a common symbiotic microorganism in rhizosphere soil, significantly enhanced Sb uptake by upland rice and inhibited its growth. Furthermore, we explained the reasons for the adverse effects of AM fungi mediation on upland rice growth under Sb stress from a molecular perspective. The results also showed that AM fungi affect the biological processes of the response of upland rice to oxidative stress and the functions of its antioxidant active molecules throughout the vegetative growth phase of upland rice, and that the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway is significantly downregulated. At the same time, phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia-lyase (PTAL) in the pathway was significantly expressed in the middle and late stages of vegetative growth of upland rice. Therefore, PTAL can act as a potential reference protein to investigate the response of upland rice to Sb stress mediated by AM fungi. These findings enrich our understanding of the impact of Sb pollution on soil-plant systems in real soil environments.},
}
@article {pmid39476517,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhuang, Z and Sethupathy, S and Bajón-Fernández, Y and Ali, S and Niu, L and Zhu, D},
title = {Microbial chemotaxis in degradation of xenobiotics: Current trends and opportunities.},
journal = {Microbiological research},
volume = {290},
number = {},
pages = {127935},
doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2024.127935},
pmid = {39476517},
issn = {1618-0623},
abstract = {Chemotaxis, the directed movement of microbes in response to chemical gradients, plays a crucial role in the biodegradation of xenobiotics, such as pesticides, industrial chemicals, and pharmaceuticals, which pose significant environmental and health risks. Emerging trends in genomics, proteomics, and synthetic biology have advanced our understanding and control of these processes, thereby enabling the development of engineered microorganisms with tailored chemotactic responses and degradation capabilities. This process plays an essential physiological role in processes, such as surface sensing, biofilm formation, quorum detection, pathogenicity, colonization, symbiotic interactions with the host system, and plant growth promotion. Field applications have demonstrated the potential of bioremediation for cleaning contaminated environments. Therefore, it helps to increase the bioavailability of pollutants and enables bacteria to access distantly located pollutants. Despite considerable breakthroughs in decoding the regulatory mechanisms of bacterial chemotaxis, there are still gaps in knowledge that need to be resolved to harness its potential for sensing and degrading pollutants in the environment. This review covers the role of bacterial chemotaxis in the degradation of xenobiotics present in the environment, focusing on chemotaxis-based bacterial and microfluidic biosensors for environmental monitoring. Finally, we highlight the current challenges and future perspectives for developing more effective and sustainable strategies to mitigate the environmental impact of xenobiotics.},
}
@article {pmid39475833,
year = {2024},
author = {Ravaut, M and Zhao, R and Phung, D and Qin, VM and Milovanovic, D and Pienkowska, A and Bojic, I and Car, J and Joty, S},
title = {Targeting COVID-19 and Human Resources for Health News Information Extraction: Algorithm Development and Validation.},
journal = {JMIR AI},
volume = {3},
number = {},
pages = {e55059},
doi = {10.2196/55059},
pmid = {39475833},
issn = {2817-1705},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Global pandemics like COVID-19 put a high amount of strain on health care systems and health workers worldwide. These crises generate a vast amount of news information published online across the globe. This extensive corpus of articles has the potential to provide valuable insights into the nature of ongoing events and guide interventions and policies. However, the sheer volume of information is beyond the capacity of human experts to process and analyze effectively.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore how natural language processing (NLP) can be leveraged to build a system that allows for quick analysis of a high volume of news articles. Along with this, the objective was to create a workflow comprising human-computer symbiosis to derive valuable insights to support health workforce strategic policy dialogue, advocacy, and decision-making.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a review of open-source news coverage from January 2020 to June 2022 on COVID-19 and its impacts on the health workforce from the World Health Organization (WHO) Epidemic Intelligence from Open Sources (EIOS) by synergizing NLP models, including classification and extractive summarization, and human-generated analyses. Our DeepCovid system was trained on 2.8 million news articles in English from more than 3000 internet sources across hundreds of jurisdictions.<br><br>RESULTS: Rules-based classification with hand-designed rules narrowed the data set to 8508 articles with high relevancy confirmed in the human-led evaluation. DeepCovid's automated information targeting component reached a very strong binary classification performance of 98.98 for the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) and 47.21 for the area under the precision recall curve (PR-AUC). Its information extraction component attained good performance in automatic extractive summarization with a mean Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation (ROUGE) score of 47.76. DeepCovid's final summaries were used by human experts to write reports on the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: It is feasible to synergize high-performing NLP models and human-generated analyses to benefit open-source health workforce intelligence. The DeepCovid approach can contribute to an agile and timely global view, providing complementary information to scientific literature.},
}
@article {pmid39475527,
year = {2024},
author = {Sun, Y and Hu, Q and Zuo, J and Wang, H and Guo, Z and Wang, Y and Tang, H},
title = {Simultaneous Quantification of Carboxylate Enantiomers in Multiple Human Matrices with the Hydrazide-Assisted Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry.},
journal = {Analytical chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.analchem.4c04187},
pmid = {39475527},
issn = {1520-6882},
abstract = {Many chiral carboxylic acids with α-amino, α-hydroxyl, and α-methyl groups are concurrently present in mammals establishing unique molecular phenotypes and multiple biological functions, especially host-microbiota symbiotic interactions. Their chirality-resolved simultaneous quantification is essential to reveal the biochemical details of physiology and pathophysiology, though challenging with their low abundances in some biological matrices and difficulty in enantiomer resolution. Here, we developed a method of the chirality-resolved metabolomics with sensitivity-enhanced quantitation via probe-promotion (Met-SeqPro) for analyzing these chiral carboxylic acids. We designed and synthesized a hydrazide-based novel chiral probe, (S)-benzoyl-proline-hydrazide (SBPH), to convert carboxylic acids into amide diastereomers to enhance their retention and chiral resolution on common C18 columns. Using the d5-SBPH-labeled enantiomers as internal standards, we then developed an optimized ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous quantification of 60 enantiomers of 30 chiral carboxylic acids in one run. This enantiomer-resolved method showed excellent sensitivity (LOD < 4 fmol-on-column), linearity (R[2] > 0.992), precision (CV < 15%), accuracy (|RE| < 20%), and recovery (80-120%) in multiple biological matrices. With the method, we then quantified 60 chiral carboxylic acids in human urine, plasma, feces, and A549 cells to define their metabolomic phenotypes. This provides basic data for human phenomics and a promising tool for investigating the mammal-microbiome symbiotic interactions.},
}
@article {pmid39475309,
year = {2024},
author = {Poquita-Du, RC and Otte, J and Calchera, A and Schmitt, I},
title = {Genome-Wide Comparisons Reveal Extensive Divergence Within the Lichen Photobiont Genus, Trebouxia.},
journal = {Genome biology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {39475309},
issn = {1759-6653},
support = {//Translational Biodiversity Genomics/ ; //Hessen State Ministry of Higher Education, Research and the Arts/ ; },
mesh = {*Lichens/microbiology/genetics ; *Phylogeny ; *Symbiosis/genetics ; Chlorophyceae/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; },
abstract = {The green algal genus Trebouxia is the most frequently encountered photobiont of the lichen symbiosis. The single-celled symbionts have a worldwide distribution, including all continents and climate zones. The vast, largely undescribed, diversity of Trebouxia lineages is currently grouped into four phylogenetic clades (A, C, I, and S), based on a multilocus phylogeny. Genomes are still scarce, however, and it is unclear how the phylogenetic diversity, the broad ecological tolerances, and the ability to form symbioses with many different fungal host species are reflected in genome-wide differences. Here, we generated PacBio-based de novo genomes of six Trebouxia lineages belonging to the Clades A and S, isolated from lichen individuals of the genus Umbilicaria. Sequences belonging to Clade S have been reported in a previous study, but were reassembled and reanalyzed here. Genome sizes ranged between 63.08 and 73.88 Mb. Repeat content accounted for 9% to 16% of the genome sequences. Based on RNA evidence, we predicted 14,109 to 16,701 gene models per genome, of which 5,203 belonged to a core set of gene families shared by all 6 lineages. Between 121 and 454, gene families are specific to each lineage. About 53% of the genes could be functionally annotated. The presence of biosynthetic gene clusters (6 to 17 per genome) suggests that Trebouxia algae are able to synthesize alkaloids, saccharides, terpenes, NRPSs, and T3PKSs. Phylogenomic comparisons of the six strains indicate prevalent gene gain during Trebouxia evolution. Some of the gene families that exhibited significant evolutionary changes (i.e. gene expansion and contraction) are associated with metabolic processes linked to protein phosphorylation, which is known to have a role in photosynthesis regulation, particularly under changing light conditions. Overall, there is substantial genomic divergence within the algal genus Trebouxia, which may contribute to the genus' large ecological amplitude concerning fungal host diversity and climatic niches.},
}
@article {pmid39474215,
year = {2024},
author = {Chandana, BS and Mahto, RK and Singh, RK and Bhandari, A and Tandon, G and Singh, KK and Kushwah, S and Lavanya, GR and Iquebal, MA and Jain, N and Kudapa, H and Upadhyaya, HD and Hamwieh, A and Kumar, R},
title = {Genome-wide association mapping identifies novel SNPs for root nodulation and agronomic traits in chickpea.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1395938},
pmid = {39474215},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is well-known for having climate resilience and atmospheric nitrogen fixation ability. Global demand for nitrogenous fertilizer is predicted to increase by 1.4% annually, and the loss of billions of dollars in farm profit has drawn attention to the need for alternative sources of nitrogen. The ability of chickpea to obtain sufficient nitrogen via its symbiotic relationship with Mesorhizobium ciceri is of critical importance in determining the growth and production of chickpea.<br><br>METHODS: To support findings on nodule formation in chickpea and to map the genomic regions for nodulation, an association panel consisting of 271 genotypes, selected from the global chickpea germplasm including four checks at four locations, was evaluated, and data were recorded for nodulation and 12 yield-related traits. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using phenotypic data and genotypic data was extracted from whole-genome resequencing data of chickpea by creating a hap map file consisting of 602,344 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the working set with best-fit models of association mapping.<br><br>RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The GWAS panel was found to be structured with sufficient diversity among the genotypes. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis showed an LD decay value of 37.3 MB, indicating that SNPs within this distance behave as inheritance blocks. A total of 450 and 632 stringent marker-trait associations (MTAs) were identified from the BLINK and FarmCPU models, respectively, for all the traits under study. The 75 novel MTAs identified for nodulation traits were found to be stable. SNP annotations of associated markers were found to be related to various genes including a few auxins encoding as well as nod factor transporter genes. The identified significant MTAs, candidate genes, and associated markers have the potential for use in marker-assisted selection for developing high-nodulation cultivars after validation in the breeding populations.},
}
@article {pmid39473909,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhao, M and Yang, C and Zhu, L and Guo, X and Ma, H and Luo, Y and Wang, Q and Chen, J},
title = {Multiomics Analysis Reveals Significant Disparities in the Oral Microbiota and Metabolites Between Pregnant Women with and without Periodontitis.},
journal = {Infection and drug resistance},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {4665-4683},
pmid = {39473909},
issn = {1178-6973},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Our study investigated the disparities and correlations between oral microbiota and metabolites in pregnant patients with and without periodontitis.<br><br>METHODS: Subgingival plaque samples from all subjects were collected for shotgun metagenomic sequencing and broad-target metabolomics analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: Forty pathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Eubacterium saphenum, Gemella morbillorum, Tannerella forsythia, Streptococcus anginosus group, Selenomonas sputigena etc, were significantly enriched in pregnant patients with periodontitis (PPP). Conversely, symbiotic species such as Morococcus cerebrosus, Streptococcus vestibularis, S. salivarius, S. mitis, and S. pneumoniae were significantly more abundant in healthy controls (HCs). A total of 87 predicted functional modules (PFMs) exhibited significant differences between the two groups; eight PFMs showed high enrichment in PPP with involvement of PPP-enriched species within these pathways. The remaining 79 PFMs encompassing ribonucleotide biosynthesis, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolism were highly abundant in HCs. For oral microbial metabolome, a total of 105 metabolites related to 150 KEGG pathways displayed significant differences between the two groups. Pathways such as pyruvate metabolism, folate biosynthesis, vascular smooth muscle contraction, and AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway along with their associated metabolites were found to be enriched in PPP, while carbohydrate metabolism predominated among HCs. Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed significant positive associations between species enriched in PPP and metabolites enriched in PPP, but significant negative associations between species enriched in PPP and metabolites enriched in HCs.<br><br>DISCUSSION: Our findings provide potential biomarkers for distinguishing periodontitis during pregnancy while offering valuable insights into mechanisms exploration and clinical intervention.},
}
@article {pmid39473847,
year = {2024},
author = {Ouhaddou, R and Ech-Chatir, L and Ikan, C and Soussani, FE and Errouh, F and Boutasknit, A and Rodrigez, JC and Er-Raki, S and Duponnois, R and Meddich, A},
title = {Investigation of the impact of dual inoculations of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on drought tolerance of maize grown in a compost-amended field under Mediterranean conditions.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1432637},
pmid = {39473847},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {In the current context of rapid climate change, water scarcity and soil poverty are becoming increasingly alarming, leading to growing losses of 30-50% of global agricultural production. It is imperative to find environmentally-friendly approaches for improving plant tolerance to drastic conditions, particularly in arid and semi-arid Mediterranean regions. Biostimulants based on symbiotic microbes are emerging as effective strategies for improving tolerance and agricultural productivity. This study aims to evaluate the effects of single and double inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (My) and plant growth-promoting bacteria (Ba) on the growth, physiological and biochemical traits of maize crop grown in compost (Co) amended soil under two irrigation regimes: well-watered (WW: 100% of crop evapotranspiration [ETc]) and drought-stressed (DS: 50% ETc) using drip irrigation system. Reducing irrigation to 50% reduced shoot dry weight (SDW), root dry weight (RDW), 1,000-grains weight (TGW) and grain yield (Y). However, Ba alone increased SDW by 63%, while CoMyBa improved RDW, TGW and Y by 197, 43 and 175%, respectively compared with the control under DS conditions. Dual inoculation boosted root colonization intensity, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), total chlorophyll and leaf area of maize seedlings in compost-amended soil, compared to the controls. The application of Ba significantly reduced hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde by 46%, in maize seedlings grown in compost-amended soil, compared to the controls under DS. Our results indicated that My and Ba significantly boost the ability of maize to tolerate drought by improving water supply and physiology and stimulating the accumulation of organic and inorganic osmolytes, as well as improving the properties of soils such as cation exchange capacity particularly amended by Co. The dual inoculations were the most effective and represent an environmentally-friendly and relatively inexpensive approach to optimizing agricultural production and soil restoration programs in Mediterranean regions.},
}
@article {pmid39473301,
year = {2024},
author = {Su, T and Wu, Y and Fang, C and Liu, B and Lu, S and Kong, F and Liu, H},
title = {The Critical Roles of Phosphatidylethanolamine-Binding Proteins in Legumes.},
journal = {Plant, cell &amp; environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pce.15255},
pmid = {39473301},
issn = {1365-3040},
support = {//This work was funded by Major Program of Guangdong Basic and Applied Research (Grant no. 2019B030302006 to F.K. and B.L.); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 32301825 to T.S. and 32301823 to H.L.)./ ; },
abstract = {Legumes, characterized by their ability to form symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, play crucial roles in agriculture, ecology and human nutrition. Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBPs) are the key genetic players that contribute to the diverse biological functions of legumes. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of important roles of PEBP genes in legumes, including flowering, inflorescence architecture, seed development and nodulation. We also delve into PEBP regulatory mechanisms and effects on plant growth, development, and adaptation to the environment. Furthermore, we highlight their potential biotechnological applications for crop improvement and promoting sustainable agriculture. This review emphasizes the multifaceted roles of PEBP genes, shedding light on their significance in legume biology and their potential for sustainable productive farming.},
}
@article {pmid39472728,
year = {2024},
author = {Martinez-Boggio, G and Monteiro, HF and Lima, FS and Figueiredo, CC and Bisinotto, RS and Santos, JEP and Mion, B and Schenkel, FS and Ribeiro, ES and Weigel, KA and Rosa, GJM and Peñagaricano, F},
title = {Revealing host genome-microbiome networks underlying feed efficiency in dairy cows.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {26060},
pmid = {39472728},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Cattle ; Animals ; Female ; *Rumen/microbiology ; Animal Feed ; Lactation ; Genome ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Microbiota/genetics ; Phenotype ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Genotype ; Dairying ; },
abstract = {Ruminants have the ability to digest human-inedible plant materials, due to the symbiotic relationship with the rumen microbiota. Rumen microbes supply short chain fatty acids, amino acids, and vitamins to dairy cows that are used for maintenance, growth, and lactation functions. The main goal of this study was to investigate gene-microbiome networks underlying feed efficiency traits by integrating genotypic, microbial, and phenotypic data from lactating dairy cows. Data consisted of dry matter intake (DMI), net energy secreted in milk, and residual feed intake (RFI) records, SNP genotype, and 16S rRNA rumen microbial abundances from 448 mid-lactation Holstein cows. We first assessed marginal associations between genotypes and phenotypic and microbial traits through genomic scans, and then, in regions with multiple significant hits, we assessed gene-microbiome-phenotype networks using causal structural learning algorithms. We found significant regions co-localizing the rumen microbiome and feed efficiency traits. Interestingly, we found three types of network relationships: (1) the cow genome directly affects both rumen microbial abundances and feed efficiency traits; (2) the cow genome (Chr3: 116.5 Mb) indirectly affects RFI, mediated by the abundance of Syntrophococcus, Prevotella, and an unknown genus of Class Bacilli; and (3) the cow genome (Chr7: 52.8 Mb and Chr11: 6.1-6.2 Mb) affects the abundance of Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group mediated by DMI. Our findings shed light on how the host genome acts directly and indirectly on the rumen microbiome and feed efficiency traits and the potential benefits of the inclusion of specific microbes in selection indexes or as correlated traits in breeding programs. Overall, the multistep approach described here, combining whole-genome scans and causal network reconstruction, allows us to reveal the relationship between genome and microbiome underlying dairy cow feed efficiency.},
}
@article {pmid39471960,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhu, G and Nong, H and Fang, S and Qin, S and Zhang, Y},
title = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis reshapes the drought adaptation strategies of a dominant sand-fixation shrub species in northern China.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {177135},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177135},
pmid = {39471960},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Drylands are home to over 38 % of the world's population and are among the areas most sensitive to climate change and human activity. Most xerophytes rely on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for improved drought tolerance. Although research has focused on crops and economically significant plants, the response of sand-fixation shrubs to AMF under drought conditions remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate how AMF affects the drought adaptation strategies of the sand-fixation shrub Artemisia ordosica. A culture system for A. ordosica and the main symbiotic partner Funneliformis mosseae was established, and phenotypic, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses were conducted to assess physiological changes induced by arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AMS) under varying drought stress conditions. AMS influenced A. ordosica's metabolic pathways and its drought adaptation strategies, promoted the redistribution of sugars and flavonoids, and shaped different metabolic patterns of seedlings and adult A. ordosica. AMS had an important shaping ability in the accumulation of proline at A. ordosica seedlings, but had a significant influence on the accumulation of sugars of A. ordosica at the adult growth stage. AMS enhanced the ability of the host to adapt to extreme drought by modulating metabolites at the adult growth stage of A. ordosica. AMS also facilitated an accumulation of key metabolites under well-watered conditions but also intensified interactions with pathogens, leading to a trade-off between drought adaptation and immune capacity under extreme drought of A. ordosica during the adult growth stage. This study uses metabolome and transcriptome methods to explore AMS effects on A. ordosica's drought adaptation strategies, revealing a significant trade-off between drought adaptation and immune capacity. The findings highlight AMS's role in modifying the drought adaptation strategies of A. ordosica in desert ecosystems, and enhance our understanding of key species for sand fixation and ecological restoration, and maintain ecological security.},
}
@article {pmid39471530,
year = {2024},
author = {Qi, H and Lv, J and Liao, J and Jin, J and Ren, Y and Tao, Y and Wang, D and Alvarez, PJJ and Yu, P},
title = {Metagenomic insights into microalgae-bacterium-virus interactions and viral functions in phycosphere facing environmental fluctuations.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {268},
number = {Pt A},
pages = {122676},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2024.122676},
pmid = {39471530},
issn = {1879-2448},
abstract = {Despite the ecological and biotechnological significance of microalgae-bacterium symbionts, the response of host-virus interactions to external environmental fluctuations and the role of viruses in phycosphere remain largely unexplored. Herein, we employed algal-bacterial granular sludge (ABGS) with varying light intensity and organic carbon loading to investigate the mechanisms of microalgae-bacterium-virus symbionts in response to environmental fluctuations. Metagenomics revealed that enhanced light intensity decreased the diversity of microalgae, so did the diversity of symbiotic bacteria and viruses. As carbon sources decreased, bacteria prompted horizontal gene transfer in phycosphere by 12.76 %-157.40 %, increased the proportion of oligotrophs as keystone species (0.00 % vs 14.29 %) as well as viruses using oligotrophs as hosts (18.52 % vs 25.00 %). Furthermore, virus-carried auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) and biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) encoding vitamin B12 synthesis (e.g., cobS), antioxidation (e.g., queC), and microbial aggregation (e.g., cysE). Additionally, phylogenetic and similarity analysis further revealed the evolutionary origin and potential horizontal transfer of the AMGs and BGCs, which could potentially enhance the adaptability of bacteria and eukaryotic microalgae. Overall, our research demonstrates that environmental fluctuations have cascading effects on the microalgae-bacteria-virus interactions, and emphasizes the important role of viruses in maintaining the stability of the phycosphere symbiotic community.},
}
@article {pmid39470782,
year = {2024},
author = {Biswa Sarma, J and Mahanta, S and Tanti, B},
title = {Maximizing microbial activity and synergistic interaction to boost biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass.},
journal = {Archives of microbiology},
volume = {206},
number = {11},
pages = {448},
pmid = {39470782},
issn = {1432-072X},
mesh = {*Lignin/metabolism ; *Biofuels ; *Biomass ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Fermentation ; Hydrolysis ; Coculture Techniques ; },
abstract = {Addressing global environmental challenges and meeting the escalating energy demands stand as two pivotal issues in the current landscape. Lignocellulosic biomass emerges as a promising renewable bio-energy source capable of fulfilling the world's energy requirements on a large scale. One of the most important steps in lowering reliance on fossil fuel and lessening environmental effect is turning lignocellulosic biomass into biofuel. As carbon-neutral substitutes for traditional fuel, biofuel offer a solution to environmental concerns compared to conventional fuel. Effective utilization of lignocellulosic biomass is imperative for sustainable development. Ongoing research focuses on exploring the potential of various microorganisms and their co-interactions to synthesize diverse biofuels from different starting materials, including lignocellulosic biomass. Co-culture techniques demonstrate resilience to nutrient scarcity and environmental fluctuations. By utilising a variety of carbon sources, microbes can enhance their adaptability to environmental stressors and potentially increase productivity through their symbiotic interactions. Furthermore, compared to single organism involvement, co-interactions allow faster execution of multistep processes. Lignocellulosic biomass serves as a primary substrate for pre-treatment, fermentation, and enzymatic hydrolysis processes. This review primarily delves into the pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis process and the biochemical pathways involved in converting lignocellulosic biomass into bioenergy.},
}
@article {pmid39470237,
year = {2024},
author = {Podar, M and Hochanadel, LH and Alexander, WG and Schadt, CW and Pelletier, DA},
title = {Complete genome sequence of Promicromonospora sp. strain Populi, an actinobacterium isolated from Populus trichocarpa rhizosphere.},
journal = {Microbiology resource announcements},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0085124},
doi = {10.1128/mra.00851-24},
pmid = {39470237},
issn = {2576-098X},
abstract = {Promicromonospora sp. strain Populi is an actinobacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of a black cottonwood tree, Populus trichocarpa. We completely sequenced its 5.2-Mbp chromosome using Oxford Nanopore long reads and predicted it to encode 4,685 proteins, 3 rRNA operons, and 54 tRNAs and noncoding RNAs.},
}
@article {pmid39469464,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, J and Chong, H and Li, D and Cui, S and Song, Y and He, J and Bo, T and Zhang, D and Xiao, H},
title = {Comparison of distinct gut bacterial communities in different stage of prediapause and nondiapause larvae in Loxostege sticticalis.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1469140},
pmid = {39469464},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Symbiotic microorganisms in insects regulate multiple physiological functions, widely participating in nutrient metabolism, immune regulation, and crucial regulatory roles in development. However, little is known about how microbial factors might respond to the preparation of insect diapause.<br><br>METHODS: The gut bacterial communities of Loxostege sticticalis larvae induced at different photoperiod of long (LD16:8, nondiapause) and short (LD12:12, prediapause) daylength were compared, by 16S rRNA Illumina MiSeq.<br><br>RESULTS: A total number of 42 phylum, 78 classes, 191 orders, 286 families, 495 genera, and 424 species were identified in the intestinal bacterial community of L. sticticalis larvae. Alpha diversity and beta diversity analyses revealed significant differences between nondiapause and prediapause larvae. In non-diapause larvae, the dominant intestinal bacteria were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. In specific, in 3rd and 4th instar larvae, the main intestinal bacteria were Staphylococcus, while in 5th instar, it was JC017. For the prediapause larvae, the dominant phylum in 3rd instar larvae was Firmicutes, with the dominant genus of Staphylococcus, while in 4th and 5th instar larvae was Bacteroidota, with the dominant genus 4th instar was Staphylococcus, and in 5th instar was JC017. KEGG functional prediction analysis revealed that functional bacterial groups involved in metabolism had the highest abundance values. Specifically, the amino acid metabolism of metabolism-related functional genes in the 3rd instar prediapause larvae was significantly lower than that in the 4th and 5th instar prediapause larvae and the non-diapause treatment. However, the carbohydrate metabolism in 3rd instar prediapause larvae was significantly higher than that in 4th and 5th instar prediapause larvae and non-diapause treatments. The dominant bacterial phylum in the prediapause larvae at different stages of L. sticticalis was varied, and there were significant differences in community diversity and richness.<br><br>DISCUSSION: These results suggest a complex interaction between the hosts' physiological state and its gut microbiota, indicating that bacterial communities may assist insects in adapting to diapause preparation by regulating their metabolic levels. This study lays the foundation for further understanding the physiological mechanisms by which intestinal microorganisms regulate overwintering dormancy in the L. sticticalis.},
}
@article {pmid39468788,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, J and Zhao, Q and Xie, K and Wang, M and Li, L and Zeng, D and Wang, Q and Wang, S and Chen, A and Xu, G},
title = {A Mycorrhiza-Induced UDP-Glucosyl Transferase Negatively Regulates the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis.},
journal = {Plant, cell &amp; environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pce.15241},
pmid = {39468788},
issn = {1365-3040},
support = {//This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFF1000400), National Natural Science Foundation of China (32172670 and 32102485), and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (YDZX2024019 and XUEKEN2023030)./ ; },
abstract = {Most terrestrial plants can establish a reciprocal symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to cope with adverse environmental stresses. The development of AM symbiosis is energetically costly and needs to be dynamically controlled by plants to maintain the association at mutual beneficial levels. Multiple components involved in the autoregulation of mycorrhiza (AOM) have been recently identified from several plant species; however, the mechanisms underlying the feedback regulation of AM symbiosis remain largely unknown. Here, we report that AM colonization promotes the flavonol biosynthesis pathway in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and an AM-specific UDP-glucosyltransferase SlUGT132, which probably has the flavonol glycosylation activity, negatively regulates AM development. SlUGT132 was predominantly expressed in the arbuscule-containing cells, and its knockout or knockdown mutants showed increased soluble sugar content, root colonization level and arbuscule formation. Conversely, overexpression of SlUGT132 resulted in declined soluble sugar content and mycorrhization degree. Metabolomic assay revealed decreased contents of astragalin, tiliroside and cynaroside in slugt132 mycorrhizal roots, but increased accumulation of these flavonoid glycosides in SlUGT132-overexpressing plant roots. Our results highlight the presence of a novel, SlUGT132-mediated AOM mechanism, which enable plants to flexibly control the accumulation of soluble sugars and flavonoid glycosides in mycorrhizal roots and modulate colonization levels.},
}
@article {pmid39468013,
year = {2024},
author = {Saito, Y and Xiao, Y and Yao, J and Li, Y and Liu, W and Yuzhalin, AE and Shyu, YM and Li, H and Yuan, X and Li, P and Zhang, Q and Li, Z and Wei, Y and Yin, X and Zhao, J and Kariminia, SM and Wu, YC and Wang, J and Yang, J and Xia, W and Sun, Y and Jho, EH and Chiao, PJ and Hwang, RF and Ying, H and Wang, H and Zhao, Z and Maitra, A and Hung, MC and DePinho, RA and Yu, D},
title = {Targeting a chemo-induced adaptive signaling circuit confers therapeutic vulnerabilities in pancreatic cancer.},
journal = {Cell discovery},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {109},
pmid = {39468013},
issn = {2056-5968},
support = {P30CA016672//U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; R01CA208213//U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; R01CA231149//U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; R01CA266099//U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; R01CA270010//U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; R21CA223102//U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; BC210408//U.S. Department of Defense (United States Department of Defense)/ ; BC231014//U.S. Department of Defense (United States Department of Defense)/ ; RP240214//Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (Cancer Prevention Research Institute of Texas)/ ; },
abstract = {Advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) respond poorly to all therapies, including the first-line treatment, chemotherapy, the latest immunotherapies, and KRAS-targeting therapies. Despite an enormous effort to improve therapeutic efficacy in late-stage PDAC patients, effective treatment modalities remain an unmet medical challenge. To change the status quo, we explored the key signaling networks underlying the universally poor response of PDAC to therapy. Here, we report a previously unknown chemo-induced symbiotic signaling circuit that adaptively confers chemoresistance in patients and mice with advanced PDAC. By integrating single-cell transcriptomic data from PDAC mouse models and clinical pathological information from PDAC patients, we identified Yap1 in cancer cells and Cox2 in stromal fibroblasts as two key nodes in this signaling circuit. Co-targeting Yap1 in cancer cells and Cox2 in stroma sensitized PDAC to Gemcitabine treatment and dramatically prolonged survival of mice bearing late-stage PDAC, whereas simultaneously inhibiting Yap1 and Cox2 only in cancer cells was ineffective. Mechanistically, chemotherapy triggers non-canonical Yap1 activation by nemo-like kinase in 14-3-3ζ-overexpressing PDAC cells and increases secretion of CXCL2/5, which bind to CXCR2 on fibroblasts to induce Cox2 and PGE2 expression, which reciprocally facilitate PDAC cell survival. Finally, analyses of PDAC patient data revealed that patients who received Statins, which inhibit Yap1 signaling, and Cox2 inhibitors (including Aspirin) while receiving Gemcitabine displayed markedly prolonged survival compared to others. The robust anti-tumor efficacy of Statins and Aspirin, which co-target the chemo-induced adaptive circuit in the tumor cells and stroma, signifies a unique therapeutic strategy for PDAC.},
}
@article {pmid39466691,
year = {2024},
author = {Teh, LS and Shalom, SR and James, I and Dolgova, A and Chiel, E and Dale, C},
title = {Sodalis praecaptivus subsp. spalangiae subsp. nov., a nascent bacterial endosymbiont isolated from the parasitoid wasp, Spalangia cameroni.},
journal = {International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology},
volume = {74},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1099/ijsem.0.006552},
pmid = {39466691},
issn = {1466-5034},
mesh = {Animals ; *Wasps/microbiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Phylogeny ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; *Bacterial Typing Techniques ; Israel ; Houseflies/microbiology ; Fatty Acids/analysis ; Base Composition ; Genome, Bacterial ; },
abstract = {An endosymbiotic bacterium of the genus Sodalis, designated as strain HZ[T], was cultured from the parasitoid wasp Spalangia cameroni, which develops on the pupae of various host flies. The bacterium was detected in S. cameroni developed on houseflies, Musca domestica, in a poultry facility in Hazon, northern Israel. After culturing, this bacterium displayed no surface motility on Luria-Bertani agar and was rod-shaped and irregular in size, ~10-30 nm in diameter and 5-20 µm in length. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that strain HZ[T] is closely related to Sodalis praecaptivus strain HS[T], a free-living species of the genus Sodalis that includes many insect endosymbionts. Although these bacteria maintain >98% sequence identity in shared genes, genomic characterization revealed that strain HZ[T] has undergone substantial reductive evolution, such that it lacks many gene functions that are maintained in S. praecaptivus strain HS[T]. Based on the results of phylogenetic, genomic and chemotaxonomic analyses, we propose that this endosymbiont should be classified in a new subspecies as S. praecaptivus subsp. spalangiae subsp. nov. The type strain for this new subspecies is HZ[T] (=ATCC TSD-398[T]=NCIMB 15482[T]). The subspecies Sodalis praecaptivus subsp. praecaptivus strain HS[T] is created automatically with the type strain ATCC BAA-2554[T] (=DSMZ 27494[T]).},
}
@article {pmid39465713,
year = {2024},
author = {Dergaa, I and Ben Saad, H and Glenn, JM and Ben Aissa, M and Taheri, M and Swed, S and Guelmami, N and Chamari, K},
title = {A thorough examination of ChatGPT-3.5 potential applications in medical writing: A preliminary study.},
journal = {Medicine},
volume = {103},
number = {40},
pages = {e39757},
pmid = {39465713},
issn = {1536-5964},
mesh = {Humans ; *Medical Writing/standards ; *Artificial Intelligence ; Plagiarism ; },
abstract = {Effective communication of scientific knowledge plays a crucial role in the advancement of medical research and health care. Technological advancements have introduced large language models such as Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT), powered by artificial intelligence (AI), which has already shown promise in revolutionizing medical writing. This study aimed to conduct a detailed evaluation of ChatGPT-3.5's role in enhancing various aspects of medical writing. From May 10 to 12, 2023, the authors engaged in a series of interactions with ChatGPT-3.5 to evaluate its effectiveness in various tasks, particularly its application to medical writing, including vocabulary enhancement, text rewriting for plagiarism prevention, hypothesis generation, keyword generation, title generation, article summarization, simplification of medical jargon, transforming text from informal to scientific and data interpretation. The exploration of ChatGPT's functionalities in medical writing revealed its potential in enhancing various aspects of the writing process, demonstrating its efficiency in improving vocabulary usage, suggesting alternative phrasing, and providing grammar enhancements. While the results indicate the effectiveness of ChatGPT (version 3.5), the presence of certain imperfections highlights the current indispensability of human intervention to refine and validate outputs, ensuring accuracy and relevance in medical settings. The integration of AI into medical writing shows significant potential for improving clarity, efficiency, and reliability. This evaluation highlights both the benefits and limitations of using ChatGPT-3.5, emphasizing its ability to enhance vocabulary, prevent plagiarism, generate hypotheses, suggest keywords, summarize articles, simplify medical jargon, and transform informal text into an academic format. However, AI tools should not replace human expertise. It is crucial for medical professionals to ensure thorough human review and validation to maintain the accuracy and relevance of the content in case they eventually use AI as a supplementary resource in medical writing. Accepting this mutually symbiotic partnership holds the promise of improving medical research and patient outcomes, and it sets the stage for the fusion of AI and human knowledge to produce a novel approach to medical assessment. Thus, while AI can streamline certain tasks, experienced medical writers and researchers must perform final reviews to uphold high standards in medical communications.},
}
@article {pmid39465380,
year = {2024},
author = {Kong, X and Wang, W and Chen, S and Song, M and Zhi, Y and Cai, Y and Zhang, H and Shen, X},
title = {Comparative study of lysine acetylation in Vesicomyidae clam Archivesica marissinica and the manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum: adaptation mechanisms in cold seep environments.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {1006},
pmid = {39465380},
issn = {1471-2164},
support = {BK20210927//Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province/ ; XDA22050303//Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)/ ; 42376139//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; CX(22)2032//Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund (JASTIF)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Acetylation ; *Bivalvia/metabolism/genetics ; *Lysine/metabolism ; Adaptation, Physiological ; Cold Temperature ; Gene Ontology ; Proteome/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The deep-sea cold seep zone is characterized by high pressure, low temperature, darkness, and oligotrophy. Vesicomyidae clams are the dominant species within this environment, often forming symbiotic relationships with chemosynthetic microbes. Understanding the mechanisms by which Vesicomyidae clams adapt to the cold seep environment is significant. Acetylation modification of lysine is known to play a crucial role in various metabolic processes. Consequently, investigating the role of lysine acetylation in the adaptation of Vesicomyidae clams to deep-sea environments is worthwhile. So, a comparative study of lysine acetylation in cold seep clam Archivesica marissinica and shallow water shellfish Ruditapes philippinarum was conducted.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 539 acetylated proteins were identified with 1634 acetylation sites. Conservative motif enrichment analysis revealed that the motifs -KacR-, -KacT-, and -KacF- were the most conserved. Subsequent gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were conducted on significantly differentially expressed acetylated proteins. The GO enrichment analysis indicated that acetylated proteins are crucial in various biological processes, including cellular response to stimulation, and other cellular processes (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05 and false discovery rate (FDR)&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.25). The results of KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that acetylated proteins are involved in various cellular processes, including tight junction, motor proteins, gap junction, phagosome, cGMP-PKG signaling pathways, endocytosis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, among others (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05 and FDR&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.25). Notably, a high abundance of lysine acetylation was observed in the glycolysis/glycogenesis pathways, and the acetylation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase might facilitate ATP production. Subsequent investigation into acetylation modifications associated with deep-sea adaptation revealed the specific identification of key acetylated proteins. Among these, the adaptation of cold seep clam hemoglobin and heat shock protein to high hydrostatic pressure and low temperature might involve an increase in acetylation levels. Acetylation of arginine kinase might be related to ATP production and interaction with symbiotic bacteria. Myosin heavy chain (Ama01085) has the most acetylation sites and might improve the actomyosin system stability through acetylation. Further validation is required for the acetylation modification from Vesicomyidae clams.<br><br>CONCLUSION: A novel comparative analysis was undertaken to investigate the acetylation of lysine in Vesicomyidae clams, yielding novel insights into the regulatory role of lysine acetylation in deep-sea organisms. The findings present many potential proteins for further exploration of acetylation functions in cold seep clams and other deep-sea mollusks.},
}
@article {pmid39465153,
year = {2024},
author = {Yánez Galarza, JK and Riascos-Flores, L and Naranjo-Briceño, L and Carrera-Gonzalez, A and Ortega-Andrade, HM},
title = {Molecular detection of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Chytridiomycota) and culturable skin bacteria associated with three critically endangered species of Atelopus (Anura: Bufonidae) in Ecuador.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {e18317},
pmid = {39465153},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Ecuador ; Animals ; *Skin/microbiology ; *Endangered Species ; *Batrachochytrium/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Bufonidae/microbiology ; Bacteria/isolation &amp; purification/genetics/classification ; },
abstract = {Chytridiomycosis is a fungal disease responsible for massive amphibian die-offs worldwide, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Potential symbiotic relationships between frogs and the bacteria residing on their skin-referred to as skin-bacteria-may inhibit Bd growth, aiding in resistance to this lethal disease. This research had three main objectives: (1) to detect the presence of Bd in native populations of Atelopus balios, A. bomolochos, and A. nanay in the central Andes and coastal southern regions of Ecuador; (2) to identify the culturable skin-bacteria; and (3) to analyze differences among the bacterial communities in the three Atelopus species studied. Skin swabs were collected from two populations of A. balios (107-203 m a.s.l.) and one population each of A. bomolochos and A. nanay (3,064-3,800 m a.s.l.). These swabs served two purposes: first, to detect Bd using conventional PCR; and second, to isolate culturable bacteria, which were characterized through DNA sequencing, molecular phylogeny, and community composition similarity analysis (Jaccard index). Results showed that Bd was present in all species, with positive Bd PCR amplification found in 11 of the 12 sampled amphibians. The culturable skin-bacteria were classified into 10 genera: Pseudomonas (31.4%), Stenotrophomonas (14.3%), Acinetobacter (11.4%), Serratia (11.4%), Aeromonas (5.7%), Brucella (5.7%), Klebsiella (5.7%), Microbacterium (5.7%), Rhodococcus (5.7%), and Lelliottia (2.9%). The Jaccard index revealed that bacterial genera were least similar in A. bomolochos and A. balios (J = 0.10), while the highest similarity at the genus level was between A. bomolochos and A. nanay (J = 0.33). At the clade-species level, only A. bomolochos and A. nanay show common bacteria (J = 0.13). Culturable bacterial communities of specimens diagnosed as Bd positive (n = 10) or Bd negative (n = 1) share a J value of 0.1 at genus and 0.04 at species-clade level. The prevalence of Bd and the composition of cutaneous bacteria could be influenced by Bd reservoirs, Atelopus biology, and intrinsic environmental conditions. This research contributes to understanding the relationship between endangered Andean species and Bd, and explores the potential use of native skin-bacteria as biocontrol agents against Bd.},
}
@article {pmid39464395,
year = {2024},
author = {Tannock, GW},
title = {The human gut metacommunity as a conceptual aid in the development of precision medicine.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1469543},
pmid = {39464395},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Human gut microbiomes (microbiotas) are highly individualistic in taxonomic composition but nevertheless are functionally similar. Thus, collectively, they comprise a "metacommunity." In ecological terminology, the assembly of human gut microbiomes is influenced by four processes: selection, speciation, drift, and dispersal. As a result of fortuitous events associated with these processes, individual microbiomes are taxonomically "tailor-made" for each host. However, functionally they are "off-the-shelf" because of similar functional outputs resulting from metabolic redundancy developed in host-microbe symbiosis. Because of this, future microbiological and molecular studies of microbiomes should emphasize the metabolic interplay that drives the human gut metacommunity and that results in these similar functional outputs. This knowledge will support the development of remedies for specific functional dysbioses and hence provide practical examples of precision medicine.},
}
@article {pmid39463510,
year = {2024},
author = {Mitra, S and Guru, RR and Jadhav, S and Saurayi, UU and Kumar, R},
title = {From Awareness to Action: Addressing Folic Acid Supplementation in Western India Among Women of Reproductive Age.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {9},
pages = {e70173},
pmid = {39463510},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Background Folate, a vitamin B9, can be sourced naturally in the diet or the form of supplements. Studies highlight the prevention of neural tube abnormalities in women of reproductive age. To prevent these, low daily doses of FA (400-800 μg) are recommended for all women planning pregnancy, with higher doses for those with previous NTD-affected pregnancies. Folic acid supplementation lowers the risk of NTDs, other birth defects, and obstetrical complications. Methods The study explored awareness of and knowledge of folic acid supplements among women of childbearing age in Pune City, western Maharashtra, India. The cross-sectional survey was carried out at Symbiosis University Hospital and Research Centre (SUHRC), involving 300 female participants aged 16-44 years. The study utilized a structured questionnaire to evaluate participants' knowledge of folic acid supplements, their benefits, and usage patterns. Results Use as well as awareness of folic acid supplements was strongly associated with educational attainment. The awareness was low or none in participants who never attended school, and highest among the university graduates. The study included 300 women aged 16-45. About 43% of the study participants were between the ages of 23 and 29 years old; 57.7% were single, and 59.3% among them were university graduates. 59.7% of the study participants knew about folic acid supplements, but only 20% took them regularly. Knowledge about ideal timing and benefits was limited among them. 38% correctly identified prepregnancy as the ideal time to start. Only 18% knew it prevents neural tube defects, and 27% knew it could be obtained naturally. Conclusion The study highlights a lack of detailed knowledge about folic acid supplements among the study participants. Recommendations to enhance the supplement's intake include public health campaigns, enhanced healthcare provider education, easy-to-read informational materials, and strengthening government supplement programs to improve awareness and food fortification. Further research on consumption barriers for the supplement needs to be carried out.},
}
@article {pmid39462775,
year = {2024},
author = {Villano, F and Balestrini, R and Nerva, L and Chitarra, W},
title = {Harnessing microbes as sun cream against high light stress.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.20206},
pmid = {39462775},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {//European Commission/ ; //Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche/ ; 2022-2903//AGER foundation/ ; 2021.0072-51886//Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Verona Vicenza Belluno e Ancona/ ; },
abstract = {Plants rely on solar energy for growth through photosynthesis, yet excessive light intensity can induce physiological damage. Despite the considerable harm, inadequate attention has been directed toward understanding how plant-associated microorganisms mitigate this stress, and the impact of high light intensity on plant microbial communities remains underexplored. Through this Viewpoint, we aim to highlight the potential of microbial communities to enhance plant resilience and understand how light stress can shape plant microbiome. A full understanding of these dynamics is essential to design strategies that take advantage of microbial assistance to plants under light stress and to effectively manage the impact of changing light conditions on plant-microbe interactions.},
}
@article {pmid39462754,
year = {2024},
author = {Contreras, M and Sobrino, I and de la Fuente, J},
title = {Paratransgenic quantum vaccinology.},
journal = {Trends in parasitology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.pt.2024.10.006},
pmid = {39462754},
issn = {1471-5007},
abstract = {Tick vaccines are an environmentally friendly intervention for the prevention and control of tick-borne diseases affecting humans and animals worldwide. From our perspective, the challenges in tick vaccinology have encouraged the implementation of new interventions. In this opinion article we propose paratransgenic quantum vaccinology as a new approach that integrates platform trends in biotechnology, such as omics datasets combined with big data analytics, machine learning, and paratransgenesis with a systems biology perspective. This innovative approach allows the identification of protective epitopes in tick- and/or pathogen-derived proteins for the design of chimeric vaccine candidate antigens which can be produced by commensal/symbiotic microorganisms eliciting a protective response in the host.},
}
@article {pmid39462325,
year = {2024},
author = {Zong, D and Zhou, Y and Zhou, J and Zhao, Y and Hu, X and Wang, T},
title = {Soil microbial community composition by crop type under rotation diversification.},
journal = {BMC microbiology},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {435},
pmid = {39462325},
issn = {1471-2180},
support = {2023Y1050//Scientific Research Foundation of Education Department of Yunnan Province/ ; 32201280//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Soil Microbiology ; *Crops, Agricultural/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/metabolism ; *Microbiota ; *Fungi/classification/genetics ; *Agriculture/methods ; *Soil/chemistry ; Zea mays/growth &amp; development/microbiology ; Nicotiana/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Crop rotation is an important agricultural practice that often affects the metabolic processes of soil microorganisms through the composition and combination of crops, thereby altering nutrient cycling and supply to the soil. Although the benefits of crop rotation have been extensively discussed, the effects and mechanisms of different crop combinations on the soil microbial community structure in specific environments still need to be analyzed in detail.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, six crop rotation systems were selected, for which the spring crops were mainly tobacco or gramineous crops: AT (asparagus lettuce and tobacco rotation), BT (broad bean and tobacco rotation), OT (oilseed rape and tobacco rotation), AM (asparagus lettuce and maize rotation), BM (broad bean and maize rotation), and OR (oilseed rape and rice rotation). All crops had been cultivated for >&#x2009;10 years. Soil samples were collected when the rotation was completed in spring, after which the soil properties, composition, and functions of bacterial and fungal communities were analyzed.<br><br>RESULTS: The results indicate that spring cultivated crops play a more dominant role in the crop rotation systems than do autumn cultivated crops. Crop rotation systems with the same spring crops have similar soil properties and microbial community compositions. pH and AK are the most important factors driving microbial community changes, and bacteria are more sensitive to environmental responses than fungi. Rotation using tobacco systems led to soil acidification and a decrease in microbial diversity, while the number of biomarkers and taxonomic indicator species differed between rotation patterns. Symbiotic network analysis revealed that the network complexity of OT and BM was the highest, and that the network density of tobacco systems was lower than that of gramineous systems.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Different crop rotation combinations influence both soil microbial communities and soil nutrient conditions. The spring crops in the crop rotation systems had stronger dominating effects, and the soil bacteria were more sensitive than the fungi were to environmental changes. The tobacco rotation system can cause soil acidification and thereby affect soil sustainability, while the complexity of soil microbial networks is lower than that of gramineous systems. These results provide a reference for future sustainable applications of rotation crop systems.},
}
@article {pmid39461984,
year = {2024},
author = {Magura, T and Mizser, S and Horváth, R and Tóth, M and Lövei, GL},
title = {Urbanization impoverishes taxonomic but not functional diversity of the gut microbiota in a forest specialist ground beetle, Carabus convexus.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {25546},
pmid = {39461984},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {OTKA K-131459//Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Fund/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Coleoptera/microbiology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics ; *Urbanization ; Male ; Female ; *Forests ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Biodiversity ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic microorganisms living in the digestive tracts of invertebrates can be crucial in host-symbiont interactions, as they play fundamental roles in important biological processes. Urbanization-related habitat alteration and disturbance, however, considerably affect the environment of host insects, from which their gut microbiota is derived. Still, relatively few studies, all on flying insects, have assessed the impact of urbanization on the gut microbiota of insects. Here, we compared the gut bacterial microbiota in rural and urban individuals of a flightless ground beetle, Carabus convexus, using next generation sequencing. Across the 48 gut samples we identified 1163 different bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs), forming significantly different gut bacterial communities in rural versus urban beetles. The taxonomic diversity of the gut bacterial microbiota expressed by the Hill numbers was significantly higher in rural than urban individuals, as well as in rural males vs. females. Smaller differences were found in functional diversity, assessed by the Rao's quadratic entropy which was marginally significantly higher in urban than rural beetles.},
}
@article {pmid39461054,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, Y and Qian, J and Lu, B and Hu, J and He, Y and Shen, J and Tang, S},
title = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis enhances the accumulation of plant-derived carbon in soil organic carbon by regulating the biosynthesis of plant biopolymers and soil metabolism.},
journal = {Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB},
volume = {217},
number = {},
pages = {109230},
doi = {10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109230},
pmid = {39461054},
issn = {1873-2690},
abstract = {Plant-derived carbon (C) is a critical constituent of particulate organic carbon (POC) and plays an essential role in soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. Yet, how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) control the contribution of plant-derived C to SOC storage through two processes (biosynthesis of plant biopolymers and soil metabolism) remains poorly understood. Here, we utilized transcriptome analysis to examine the effects of AMF on P. communis roots. Under the AM symbiosis, root morphological growth and tolerance to stress were strengthened, and the biosynthetic pathways of key plant biopolymers (long-chain fatty acids, cutin, suberin, and lignin) contributing to the plant-derived C were enhanced. In the subsequent metabolic processes, AMF increased soil metabolites contributing to plant-derived C (such as syringic acid) and altered soil metabolic pathways, including carbohydrate metabolism. Additionally, C-acquiring soil extracellular enzyme activities were enhanced by AMF, which could affect the stabilization of plant-derived C in soil. The contents of POC (21.71 g kg[-1] soil), MAOC (10.75 g kg[-1] soil), and TOC (32.47 g kg[-1] soil) in soil were significantly increased by AMF. The concentrations of plant-derived C and microbial-derived C were quantified based on biomarker analysis. AMF enhanced the content of plant-derived C in both POC and MAOC fractions. What's more, plant-derived C presented the highest level in the POC fraction under the AMF treatment. This research broadens our understanding of the mechanism through which plant-derived C contributes to the accumulation of POC and SOC induced by AM symbiosis, and evidences the benefits of AMF application in SOC sequestration.},
}
@article {pmid39460955,
year = {2024},
author = {Paudel, S and Valverde, RA and Davis, JA},
title = {Bell pepper endornavirus alters green peach aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) host choice and population dynamics.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toae256},
pmid = {39460955},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {//Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station/ ; 1017472//USDA/ ; //NIFA/ ; },
abstract = {Bell pepper endornavirus (BPEV) Alphaendornavirus capsici (Endornaviridae) is an RNA virus that infects many pepper (Capsicum annuum) horticultural types and is seed transmitted. BPEV does not cause apparent symptoms and is found at every plant developmental stage. During the domestication of bell pepper, plant breeders, unaware of the existence of endornaviruses in the germplasm, selected endornavirus-infected genotypes. This could be an indication that the presence of endornaviruses in this crop is beneficial. Among the possible beneficial effects that endornaviruses may provide to their host could include tolerance or resistance to biotic and abiotic agents and, therefore, may have evolved a symbiotic relationship with their hosts. With this in mind, we set out to determine host preference, host suitability, and population dynamics of green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) on BPEV-infected and virus-free bell pepper near-isogenic lines. During choice bioassay experiments, we observed that a higher proportion of M. persicae adults settled on BPEV noninfected leaves as compared to BPEV-infected leaves. Life table analysis revealed that M. persicae performed less well on BPEV-infected leaf tissues, with reductions in longevity, progeny, and intrinsic rate of increase. These results indicate BPEV is beneficial to its host, protecting against an important generalist pest.},
}
@article {pmid39460782,
year = {2024},
author = {Caiafa, MV and Grazziotti, PH and Karlsen-Ayala, E and Jusino, MA and Healy, R and Reynolds, NK and Whitten, WM and Smith, ME},
title = {Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities associated with Crocanthemum and Lechea (Cistaceae) in subtropical Florida sandhill habitats.},
journal = {Mycorrhiza},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39460782},
issn = {1432-1890},
support = {PVEX-88881170665/2018-01//Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education/ ; Hatch project 1001991 and McIntire-Stennis project 1011527//U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ ; Ordway-Swisher Jumpstart Funding//Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences at University of Florida/ ; DEB-2106130//United States National Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Cistaceae are shrubs, subshrubs and herbs that often occur in stressful, fire-prone or disturbed environments and form ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associations with symbiotic fungi. Although some Cistaceae are long-lived shrubs that grow to significant size, others are herbaceous annuals or short-lived plants. Thus, Cistaceae are atypical ECM hosts that are fundamentally different in their biology from trees that are the more typically studied ECM hosts. The Mediterranean region is the center of diversity for Cistaceae and the ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Cistaceae hosts have primarily been studied in Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. Mediterranean Cistaceae often host diverse communities of ECM fungi, but they also act as hosts for some ECM fungi that putatively show host-specificity or strong host preference for Cistaceae (including species of Delastria, Hebeloma, Terfezia, and Tirmania). The ECM associations of Cistaceae in North America, however, remain highly understudied. Here we use fungal DNA metabarcoding to document the ectomycorrhizal fungal communities associated with Crocanthemum and Lechea (Cistaceae) in open, fire-prone sandhill habitats in north Florida. At each site we also sampled nearby Pinus to determine whether small, herbaceous Cistaceae have specialized ECM fungi or whether they share their ECM fungal community with nearby pines. The ECM communities of Florida Cistaceae are dominated by Cenococcum (Ascomycota) and Russula (Basidiomycota) species but were also significantly associated with Delastria, an understudied genus of mostly truffle-like Pezizales (Ascomycota). Although many Cistaceae ECM fungi were shared with neighboring pines, the ECM communities with Cistaceae were nonetheless significantly different than those of pines.},
}
@article {pmid39460549,
year = {2024},
author = {Isidra-Arellano, MC and Valdés-López, O},
title = {Understanding the crucial role of phosphate and iron availability in regulating root nodule symbiosis.},
journal = {Plant &amp; cell physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/pcp/pcae128},
pmid = {39460549},
issn = {1471-9053},
support = {IN200523//Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigaci&#xf3;n e Innovaci&#xf3;n Tecnol&#xf3;gica (PAPIIT-UNAM)/ ; IN200523//Unam/ ; //Royal Society/ ; },
abstract = {The symbiosis between legumes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia) is instrumental in sustaining the nitrogen cycle and providing fixed nitrogen to the food chain. Both partners must maintain an efficient nutrient exchange to ensure a successful symbiosis. This mini-review highlights the intricate phosphate and iron uptake and homeostasis processes taking place in legumes during their interactions with rhizobia. The coordination of transport and homeostasis of these nutrients in host plants and rhizobia ensures an efficient nitrogen fixation process and nutrient use. We discuss the genetic machinery controlling the uptake and homeostasis of these nutrients in the absence of rhizobia and in symbiotic conditions with this soil bacteria. We also highlight the genetic impact of the availability of phosphate and iron to coordinate the activation of the genetic programs that allow legumes to engage in symbiosis with rhizobia. Finally, we discuss how the transcription factor Phosphate Starvation Response (PHR) might be a crucial genetic element to integrate the nitrogen, iron, and phosphate plant's needs while interacting with rhizobia. Understanding the coordination of the iron and phosphate uptake and homeostasis can lead us to better harness the ecological benefits of the legume-rhizobia symbiosis, even under adverse environmental conditions.},
}
@article {pmid39459637,
year = {2024},
author = {Al-Kabe, SH and Niamah, AK},
title = {Current Trends and Technological Advancements in the Use of Oxalate-Degrading Bacteria as Starters in Fermented Foods-A Review.},
journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {39459637},
issn = {2075-1729},
abstract = {Nephrolithiasis is a medical condition characterized by the existence or development of calculi, commonly referred to as stones within the renal system, and poses significant health challenges. Calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate are the predominant constituents of renal calculi and are introduced into the human body primarily via dietary sources. The presence of oxalates can become particularly problematic when the delicate balance of the normal flora residing within the gastrointestinal tract is disrupted. Within the human gut, species of Oxalobacter, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium coexist in a symbiotic relationship. They play a pivotal role in mitigating the risk of stone formation by modulating certain biochemical pathways and producing specific enzymes that can facilitate the breakdown and degradation of oxalate salts. The probiotic potential exhibited by these bacteria is noteworthy, as it underscores their possible utility in the prevention of nephrolithiasis. Investigating the mechanisms by which these beneficial microorganisms exert their effects could lead to novel therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of kidney stones. The implications of utilizing probiotics as a preventive measure against kidney stone formation represent an intriguing frontier in both nephrology and microbiome research, meriting further investigation to unlock their full potential.},
}
@article {pmid39459576,
year = {2024},
author = {Malik, JA and Alqarawi, AA and Alotaibi, F and Habib, MM and Sorrori, SN and Almutairi, MBR and Dar, BA},
title = {Alleviation of NaCl Stress on Growth and Biochemical Traits of Cenchrus ciliaris L. via Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Symbiosis.},
journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {39459576},
issn = {2075-1729},
support = {RSPD2024R889//King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia/ ; },
abstract = {Soil salinization, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, is one of the major abiotic stresses that affect plant growth. To mediate and boost plant tolerance against this abiotic stress, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis is commonly thought to be an effective tool. So, the main purpose of this study was to estimate the role of AMF (applied as a consortium of Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus fasciculatum, and R. intraradices species) symbiosis in mitigating deleterious salt stress effects on the growth parameters (shoot length (SL), root length (RL), shoot dry weight (SDW), root dry weight (RDW), root surface area (RSA), total root length (TRL), root volume (RV), root diameter (RD), number of nodes and leaves) of Cenchrus ciliaris L. plants through improved accumulations of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll), proline and phenolic compounds. The results of this experiment revealed that the roots of C. ciliaris plants were colonized by AMF under all the applied salinity levels (0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 mM NaCl). However, the rate of colonization was negatively affected by increasing salinity as depicted by the varied colonization structures (mycelium, vesicles, arbuscules and spores) which were highest under non-saline conditions. This association of AMF induced an increase in the growth parameters of the plant which were reduced by salinity stress. The improved shoot/root indices are likely due to enhanced photosynthetic activities as the AMF-treated plants showed increased accumulation of pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll), under saline as well as non-saline conditions, compared to non-AMF (N-AMF) plants. Furthermore, the AMF-treated plants also exhibited enhanced accumulation of proline and phenolic compounds. These accumulated metabolites act as protective measures under salinity stress, hence explaining the improved photosynthetic and growth parameters of the plants. These results suggest that AMF could be a good tool for the restoration of salt-affected habitats. However, more research is needed to check the true efficacy of different AMF inoculants under field conditions.},
}
@article {pmid39459519,
year = {2024},
author = {Rumyantsev, KA and Polyakova, VV and Sorokina, IV and Feoktistova, PS and Khatkov, IE and Bodunova, NA and Zhukova, LG},
title = {The Gut Microbiota Impacts Gastrointestinal Cancers through Obesity, Diabetes, and Chronic Inflammation.},
journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {39459519},
issn = {2075-1729},
support = {0309-2/22.//This work was supported by the Moscow Government under/ ; },
abstract = {The gut microbiota's pivotal role in human health is increasingly evident, particularly in chronic conditions like obesity, diabetes, and inflammatory diseases. This intricate symbiotic relationship influences metabolic balance and immune responses. Notably, gut microbial dysbiosis is linked to obesity's metabolic disruption and chronic low-grade inflammation. Similarly, in diabetes, the microbiota's impact on insulin resistance and glucose metabolism is becoming evident. Chronic inflammation, a common denominator in these conditions, is also a recognized precursor to carcinogenesis. This intersection prompts a compelling question: does the gut microbiota's influence extend to gastrointestinal cancers like colorectal and pancreatic cancer? These malignancies are closely intertwined with inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. Exploring whether the microbial signatures associated with chronic conditions overlap with precancerous or cancerous states offers new perspectives. This article reviews emerging evidence on the interplay between the gut microbiota, chronic conditions, and gastrointestinal cancers. By elucidating these connections, we aim to uncover potential avenues for innovative diagnostic, preventative, and therapeutic strategies in colorectal and pancreatic cancer management.},
}
@article {pmid39459292,
year = {2024},
author = {Ogofure, AG and Pelo, SP and Green, E},
title = {Identification and Assessment of Secondary Metabolites from Three Fungal Endophytes of Solanum mauritianum Against Public Health Pathogens.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {29},
number = {20},
pages = {},
pmid = {39459292},
issn = {1420-3049},
mesh = {*Solanum/microbiology/chemistry ; *Endophytes/metabolism ; *Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Secondary Metabolism ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/chemistry ; Fungi/metabolism ; Metabolomics/methods ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Plant Leaves/microbiology/chemistry ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Fusarium/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Fungal endophytes, symbiotic microorganisms residing within plants, are renowned for producing bioactive secondary metabolites with diverse beneficial properties. We investigated the antimicrobial potential of fungal endophytes isolated from Solanum mauritianum, an invasive weed, against clinically significant bacterial pathogens. Selected fungal endophytes (Penicillium chrysogenum, Fusarium sp., and Paracamarosporium leucadendri) were isolated from the plant's leaves and fruits. Their crude extracts were tested against various referenced strains, such as Mycobacterium species (M. smegmatis ATCC 607 and M. bovis ATCC 27290), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6571, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 11774, Klebsiella species (K. pneumoniae ATCC 10031 and K. oxytoca ATCC 8724), Escherichia coli ATCC 10536, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145, using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Resazurin Microtiter Assay was used for the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration. The chemical nature of the secondary metabolites in the crude extracts produced by fungal endophytes was evaluated using high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) using water and acetonitrile gradient. Liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS/MS) was employed for untargeted metabolomics. LC-QTOF-MS/MS identified 63 bioactive compounds across the three endophytes. P. chrysogenum had the highest activity against S. aureus and M. smegmatis (1.15 mg/mL and 0.02 mg/mL, respectively), while P. leucadendri demonstrated moderate activity against M. smegmatis (2.91 mg/mL) and E. coli (1.16 mg/mL). Fusarium sp. exhibited the broadest spectrum of antibacterial activity, with MIC values ranging from 0.03 mg/mL (B. subtilis) to 10 mg/mL (M. smegmatis). P. leucadendri produced 29 metabolites, Fusarium sp. had 23 identified metabolites, and a total of 11 metabolites were identified from P. chrysogenum. The fruits of the plant, accounting for 60%, appeared to be the most abundant in the endophyte diversity when compared to the stems and leaves. This study highlights the potential of fungal endophytes from S. mauritianum as a source of novel bioactive compounds, particularly against multidrug-resistant pathogens, contributing to the ongoing efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance.},
}
@article {pmid39458872,
year = {2024},
author = {Tsyganova, AV and Gorshkov, AP and Vorobiev, MG and Tikhonovich, IA and Brewin, NJ and Tsyganov, VE},
title = {Dynamics of Hydrogen Peroxide Accumulation During Tip Growth of Infection Thread in Nodules and Cell Differentiation in Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Symbiotic Nodules.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {20},
pages = {},
pmid = {39458872},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {23-16-00090//Russian Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in plants is produced in relatively large amounts and plays a universal role in plant defense and physiological responses, including the regulation of growth and development. In the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis, hydrogen peroxide plays an important signaling role throughout the development of this interaction. In the functioning nodule, H2O2 has been shown to be involved in bacterial differentiation into the symbiotic form and in nodule senescence. In this study, the pattern of H2O2 accumulation in pea (Pisum sativum L.) wild-type and mutant nodules blocked at different stages of the infection process was analyzed using a cytochemical reaction with cerium chloride. The observed dynamics of H2O2 deposition in the infection thread walls indicated that the distribution of H2O2 was apparently related to the stiffness of the infection thread wall. The dynamics of H2O2 accumulation was traced, and its patterns in different nodule zones were determined in order to investigate the relationship of H2O2 localization and distribution with the stages of symbiotic nodule development in P. sativum. The patterns of H2O2 localization in different zones of the indeterminate nodule have been partially confirmed by comparative analysis on mutant genotypes.},
}
@article {pmid39458870,
year = {2024},
author = {Agostini, RB and Piga, EJ and Bayón, C and Binolfi, A and Armas, P and Campos-Bermudez, VA and Rius, SP},
title = {G-Quadruplex Structures as Epigenetic Regulatory Elements in Priming of Defense Genes upon Short-Term Trichoderma atroviride Inoculation in Maize.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {20},
pages = {},
pmid = {39458870},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {PICT 2018-2034//Agencia Nacional de Promoci&#xf3;n de la Investigaci&#xf3;n, el Desarrollo Tecnol&#xf3;gico y la Innovaci&#xf3;n/ ; },
abstract = {Symbiosis establishment between Trichoderma atroviride and plant roots triggers the priming of defense responses, among other effects. Currently, there is no clear evidence regarding the molecular mechanisms that allow the plant to remain alert to future stimulus, either by pathogen attack or any other abiotic stress. Epigenetic modifications have emerged as a strategy to explain the increased defense response of plants in a priming state conferred by Trichoderma. Recently, various non-canonical structures of nucleic acids, especially G-quadruplex structures (G-quadruplexes or G4s), have been identified as potential targets during the establishment or maintenance of plant signals. In the present study, we developed a screening test for the identification of putative G4-forming sequences (PQSs) in previously identified Z. mays priming genes. Bioinformatic analysis revealed the presence of PQSs in the promoter region of five essential genes playing a critical role in priming in maize. Biophysical and spectroscopy studies showed the formation of G4s by these PQSs in vitro, and ChIP assays demonstrate their formation in vivo. Therefore, G4 formation could play a role as an epigenetic regulatory mechanism involved in the long-lasting primed state in maize plants.},
}
@article {pmid39458844,
year = {2024},
author = {Jeong, S and Schütz, V and Demir, F and Preusche, M and Huesgen, P and Bigler, L and Kovacic, F and Gutbrod, K and Dörmann, P and Schulz, M},
title = {Cyclic Isothiocyanate Goitrin Impairs Lotus japonicus Nodulation, Affects the Proteomes of Nodules and Free Mesorhizobium loti, and Induces the Formation of Caffeic Acid Derivatives in Bacterial Cultures.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {20},
pages = {},
pmid = {39458844},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {The continuous release of glucosinolates into the soil by Brassicaceae root exudation is a prerequisite to maintaining toxic levels of breakdown products such as isothiocyanates (ITCs). ITCs influence plant and microbial diversity in ecosystems, while fungi and Rhizobiaceae are particularly injured. Studies explaining the molecular mechanisms of the negative effects are presently limited. Therefore, we investigated the early effects of cyclic ITC goitrin on proteomes of the host and symbiotic Mesorhizobium loti in the nodules of Lotus japonicus and of free-living bacteria. In the nodules, many host proteins had a higher abundance, among them, peroxidases and pathogenesis-related PR-10 proteins functioning in the abscisic-acid-activated signaling pathway. In the microsymbiont, transporter proteins as a prominent group are enhanced; some proteins involved in N-fixation decreased. The proteomes give a report about the loss of immunity suppression resulting in the termination of symbiosis, which initiates nodule senescence. Free-living M. loti are severely damaged, indicated, i.a., by a decrease in transporter proteins, the assumed candidates for goitrin protein complex formation, and high proteolysis. The production of chicoric acid by the accompanying bacteria is inhibitory for M. loti but connected to goitrin elimination, as confirmed by mass spectrometric (MS) analysis. In summary, the nodulation process is severely affected by goitrin, causing nodule dysfunction and failed nodule development. N deficiency conditions leads to yellowish leaves and leaf abscission.},
}
@article {pmid39458305,
year = {2024},
author = {Chakraborty, N and Hoke, A and Campbell, R and Holmes-Hampton, G and Kumar, VP and Moyler, C and Gautam, A and Hammamieh, R and Ghosh, SP},
title = {Ionizing Radiation Dose Differentially Affects the Host-Microbe Relationship over Time.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {39458305},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {DM178020 and RAB23338//JPC-7 project and the AFRRI Intramural funding/ ; },
abstract = {Microorganisms that colonize in or on a host play significant roles in regulating the host's immunological fitness and bioenergy production, thus controlling the host's stress responses. Radiation elicits a pro-inflammatory and bioenergy-expensive state, which could influence the gut microbial compositions and, therefore, the host-microbe bidirectional relationship. To test this hypothesis, young adult mice were exposed to total body irradiation (TBI) at doses of 9.5 Gy and 11 Gy, respectively. The irradiated mice were euthanized on days 1, 3, and 9 post TBI, and their descending colon contents (DCCs) were collected. The 16S ribosomal RNAs from the DCCs were screened to find the differentially enriched bacterial taxa due to TBI. Subsequently, these data were analyzed to identify the metagenome-specific biofunctions. The bacterial community of the DCCs showed increased levels of diversity as time progressed following TBI. The abundance profile was the most divergent at day 9 post 11 Gy TBI. For instance, an anti-inflammatory and energy-harvesting bacterium, namely, Firmicutes, became highly abundant and co-expressed in the DCC with pro-inflammatory Deferribacteres at day 9 post 11 Gy TBI. A systems evaluation found a diverging trend in the regulation profiles of the functional networks that were linked to the bacteria and metabolites of the DCCs, respectively. Additionally, the network clusters associated with lipid metabolism and bioenergy synthesis were found to be activated in the DCC bacteria but inhibited in the metabolite space at day 9 post 11 Gy. Taking these results together, the present analysis indicated a disrupted mouse-bacteria symbiotic relationship as time progressed after lethal irradiation. This information can help develop precise interventions to ameliorate the symptoms triggered by TBI.},
}
@article {pmid39457827,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, L and Li, W},
title = {The Impact of AI Usage on University Students' Willingness for Autonomous Learning.},
journal = {Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/bs14100956},
pmid = {39457827},
issn = {2076-328X},
support = {BIA240122//National Social Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {As artificial intelligence (AI) technology becomes increasingly integrated into education, understanding the theoretical mechanisms that drive university students to adopt new learning behaviors through these tools is essential. This study extends the Expectation-Confirmation Model (ECM) by incorporating both cognitive and affective variables to examine students' current AI usage and their future expectations. The model includes intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, focusing on three key factors: positive emotions, digital efficacy, and willingness for autonomous learning. A survey of 721 valid responses revealed that positive emotions, digital efficacy, and satisfaction significantly influence continued AI usage, with positive emotions being particularly critical. Digital efficacy and perceived usefulness also impact satisfaction, but long-term usage intentions are more effectively driven by positive emotions. Furthermore, digital efficacy strongly affects the willingness for autonomous learning. Therefore, higher education institutions should promote AI technology, enhance students' expectation-confirmation levels, and emphasize positive emotional experiences during AI use. Adopting a "human-machine symbiosis" model can foster active learning, personalized learning pathways, and the development of students' digital efficacy and innovation capabilities.},
}
@article {pmid39456764,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, X and Wang, Y and Yang, H and Liu, F and Cai, Y and Xiao, J and Fu, Q and Wan, P},
title = {Integrative Omics Strategies for Understanding and Combating Brown Planthopper Virulence in Rice Production: A Review.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {20},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms252010981},
pmid = {39456764},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202406//Fundamental Research Funds for Central Public Welfare Research Institute/ ; 2021YFD1401100//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; LY22C140008//Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; CARS-01//China Agriculture Research System/ ; CAAS-ASTIP-2021-CNRRI//Rice Pest Management Research Group of the Agri-cultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of China Academy of Agricultural Science/ ; },
mesh = {*Oryza/parasitology/genetics/microbiology ; *Hemiptera/genetics/pathogenicity ; Animals ; Genomics/methods ; Plant Diseases/parasitology/genetics/microbiology ; Virulence/genetics ; Proteomics/methods ; Metabolomics/methods ; Transcriptome ; Multiomics ; },
abstract = {The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH) is a serious insect pest responsible for causing immense economic losses to rice growers around the globe. The development of high-throughput sequencing technologies has significantly improved the research on this pest, and its genome structure, gene expression profiles, and host-plant interactions are being unveiled. The integration of genomic sequencing, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics has greatly increased our understanding of the biological characteristics of planthoppers, which will benefit the identification of resistant rice varieties and strategies for their control. Strategies like more optimal genome assembly and single-cell RNA-seq help to update our knowledge of gene control structure and cell type-specific usage, shedding light on how planthoppers adjust as well. However, to date, a comprehensive genome-wide investigation of the genetic interactions and population dynamics of BPHs has yet to be exhaustively performed using these next-generation omics technologies. This review summarizes the recent advances and new perspectives regarding the use of omics data for the BPH, with specific emphasis on the integration of both fields to help develop more sustainable pest management strategies. These findings, in combination with those of post-transcriptional and translational modifications involving non-coding RNAs as well as epigenetic variations, further detail intricate host-brown planthopper interaction dynamics, especially regarding resistant rice varieties. Finally, the symbiogenesis of the symbiotic microbial community in a planthopper can be characterized through metagenomic approaches, and its importance in enhancing virulence traits would offer novel opportunities for plant protection by manipulating host-microbe interactions. The concerted diverse omics approaches collectively identified the holistic and complex mechanisms of virulence variation in BPHs, which enables efficient deployment into rice resistance breeding as well as sustainable pest management.},
}
@article {pmid39456492,
year = {2024},
author = {Cruces, E and Cubillos, VM and Ramírez-Kushel, E and Montory, JA and Mardones, DA and Chaparro, OR and Paredes, FJ and Echeverría-Pérez, I and Salas-Yanquin, LP and Büchner-Miranda, JA},
title = {Photophysiological and Oxidative Responses of the Symbiotic Estuarine Anemone Anthopleura hermaphroditica to the Impact of UV Radiation and Salinity: Field and Laboratory Approaches.},
journal = {Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/antiox13101239},
pmid = {39456492},
issn = {2076-3921},
support = {1221545//FONDECYT-ANID/ ; 1190875//FONDECYT-ANID/ ; 1241296//FONDECYT-ANID/ ; },
abstract = {The estuarine anemone Anthopleura hermaphroditica and its symbiont Philozoon anthopleurum are continuously exposed to intense fluctuations in solar radiation and salinity owing to tidal changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the tidal cycle, solar radiation, and salinity fluctuations on the photosynthetic and cellular responses (lipid peroxidation, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity) of the symbiont complex over a 24 h period in the Quempillén River Estuary. Additionally, laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the specific photobiological responses to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), ultraviolet radiation (UVR), and salinity. Our field results showed that the photosynthetic parameters of the symbiont complex decreased with increasing ambient radiation; however, no relationship was observed with changes in salinity. Increased peroxidative damage, total phenolic compound levels, and antioxidant activity were mainly related to increased UVR and, to a lesser extent, PAR. During the dark period, only PAR-exposed organisms returned to the basal levels of photosynthesis and cell damage. Laboratory exposure confirmed the deleterious effects of UVR on the photosynthetic response. The present study suggests that the ability of A. hermaphroditica to acclimate to natural radiation stress is mediated by the concerted action of various physiological mechanisms that occur at different times of the day, under varying levels of environmental stress.},
}
@article {pmid39456445,
year = {2024},
author = {Czarnowska-Kujawska, M and Klepacka, J and Starowicz, M and Lesińska, P},
title = {Functional Properties and Sensory Quality of Kombucha Analogs Based on Herbal Infusions.},
journal = {Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/antiox13101191},
pmid = {39456445},
issn = {2076-3921},
support = {the Regional Initiative of Excellence Program//This research was funded by the Minister of Science under "the Regional Initiative of Excellence Program"./ ; },
abstract = {Traditionally, kombucha is produced by the fermentation of black or green tea infusions with the use of SCOBY (Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeasts). However, SCOBY exhibits the ability to ferment other substrates as well, which can be used to create novel products with new sensory and health-promoting properties. This paper investigates the antioxidant activity, chemical composition, and sensory properties of mint, nettle, and blackcurrant leaf-based kombucha analogs. It has been demonstrated that the fermentation process with SCOBY significantly influenced (p ≤ 0.05) sugar, organic acids, and mineral contents, with the increase in iron, magnesium, and calcium amounts in all tested herbal kombucha. The study shows that the type of herb infusion has a significant influence on the parameters associated with antioxidant potential. The fermentation with SCOBY resulted in an increase in antioxidant activity as measured by the superoxide anion radical (O2[•-]) inhibition of all three tested herbal infusions, with the greatest changes observed in nettle kombucha. Herbal kombucha was characterized by significantly increased total phenolic content as determined by Folin's reagent and a changed phenolic compound profile by LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry) in comparison to nonfermented infusions. Very high sensory scores were achieved for fermented mint and blackcurrant-based kombucha.},
}
@article {pmid39456087,
year = {2024},
author = {De Rose, S and Sillo, F and Ghirardo, A and Perotto, S and Schnitzler, JP and Balestrini, R},
title = {Integration of fungal transcriptomics and metabolomics provides insights into the early interaction between the ORM fungus Tulasnella sp. and the orchid Serapias vomeracea seeds.},
journal = {IMA fungus},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {31},
pmid = {39456087},
issn = {2210-6340},
abstract = {In nature, germination of orchid seeds and early plant development rely on a symbiotic association with orchid mycorrhizal (ORM) fungi. These fungi provide the host with the necessary nutrients and facilitate the transition from embryos to protocorms. Despite recent advances in omics technologies, our understanding of this symbiosis remains limited, particularly during the initial stages of the interaction. To address this gap, we employed transcriptomics and metabolomics to investigate the early responses occurring in the mycorrhizal fungus Tulasnella sp. isolate SV6 when co-cultivated with orchid seeds of Serapias vomeracea. The integration of data from gene expression and metabolite profiling revealed the activation of some fungal signalling pathways before the establishment of the symbiosis. Prior to seed contact, an indole-related metabolite was produced by the fungus, and significant changes in the fungal lipid profile occurred throughout the symbiotic process. Additionally, the expression of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) was observed during the pre-symbiotic stage, as the fungus approached the seeds, along with changes in amino acid metabolism. Thus, the dual-omics approach employed in this study yielded novel insights into the symbiotic relationship between orchids and ORM fungi and suggest that the ORM fungus responds to the presence of the orchid seeds prior to contact.},
}
@article {pmid39455957,
year = {2024},
author = {Doellman, MM and Sun, Y and Barcenas-Peña, A and Lumbsch, HT and Grewe, F},
title = {Rethinking asexuality: the enigmatic case of functional sexual genes in Lepraria (Stereocaulaceae).},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {1003},
pmid = {39455957},
issn = {1471-2164},
support = {CTM2015-64728-C2-1-R//Spanish Ministry of Science/ ; },
mesh = {*Reproduction, Asexual/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Ascomycota/genetics/physiology ; Genome, Fungal ; Lichens/genetics ; Genes, Mating Type, Fungal/genetics ; Genomics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The ubiquity of sex across eukaryotes, given its high costs, strongly suggests it is evolutionarily advantageous. Asexual lineages can avoid, for example, the risks and energetic costs of recombination, but suffer short-term reductions in adaptive potential and long-term damage to genome integrity. Despite these costs, lichenized fungi have frequently evolved asexual reproduction, likely because it allows the retention of symbiotic algae across generations. The lichenized fungal genus Lepraria is thought to be exclusively asexual, while its sister genus Stereocaulon completes a sexual reproductive cycle. A comparison of sister sexual and asexual clades should shed light on the evolution of asexuality in lichens in general, as well as the apparent long-term maintenance of asexuality in Lepraria, specifically.<br><br>RESULTS: In this study, we assembled and annotated representative long-read genomes from the putatively asexual Lepraria genus and its sexual sister genus Stereocaulon, and added short-read assemblies from an additional 22 individuals across both genera. Comparative genomic analyses revealed that both genera were heterothallic, with intact mating-type loci of both idiomorphs present across each genus. Additionally, we identified and assessed 29 genes involved in meiosis and mitosis and 45 genes that contribute to formation of fungal sexual reproductive structures (ascomata). All genes were present and appeared functional in nearly all Lepraria, and we failed to identify a general pattern of relaxation of selection on these genes across the Lepraria lineage. Together, these results suggest that Lepraria may be capable of sexual reproduction, including mate recognition, meiosis, and production of ascomata.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Despite apparent maintenance of machinery essential for fungal sex, over 200 years of careful observations by lichenologists have produced no evidence of canonical sexual reproduction in Lepraria. We suggest that Lepraria may have instead evolved a form of parasexual reproduction, perhaps by repurposing MAT and meiosis-specific genes. This may, in turn, allow these lichenized fungi to avoid long-term consequences of asexuality, while maintaining the benefit of an unbroken bond with their algal symbionts.},
}
@article {pmid39455594,
year = {2024},
author = {Lin, QC and Cen, YQ and Xu, M and Jiang, DD and Zhang, J},
title = {Effects of urban green space habitats and tree species on ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {25369},
pmid = {39455594},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {31660150//Study on the driving mechanism of diversity and distribution pattern of ectomycorrhizal fungi in Pinus massoniana in Southwest China/ ; 31960234//Plant function of Pinus massoniana community Study on the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and interaction mechanism of traits and environmental factors./ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/genetics/physiology/classification ; *Trees/microbiology ; *Ecosystem ; *Biodiversity ; China ; Pinus/microbiology ; Soil Microbiology ; Cedrus/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) are key symbiotic microbial components for the growth and health of trees in urban greenspace habitats (UGSHs). However, the current understanding of EMF diversity in UGSHs remains poor. Therefore, in this study, using morphological classification and molecular identification, we aimed to investigate EMF diversity in three EMF host plants: Cedrus deodara in the roadside green belt, and C. deodara, Pinus massoniana, and Salix babylonica in the park roadside green belt, in Guiyang, China. A total of 62 EMF Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) were identified, including 13 EMF OTUs in the C. deodara roadside green belt, and 23, 31, and 9 EMF OTUs in the park green belts. C. deodara, P. massoniana, and S. babylonica were respectively identified in park green belts. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant phylum in the EMF communities in roadside and park green habitat, respectively. The Shannon and Simpson indexes of the C. deodara EMF community in the park green belt were higher than those in the roadside green belt. EMF diversity of the tree species in the park green belt was P. massoniana > C. deodara > S. babylonica. Differences in EMF community diversity was observed among the different greening tree species in the UGSHs. UGSHs with different disturbance gradients had a significant impact on the EMF diversity of the same greening tree species. These results can be used as a scientific reference for optimizing the design and scientific management of UGSHs.},
}
@article {pmid39454679,
year = {2024},
author = {Kedves, A and Yavuz, &#xc7; and Kedves, O and Haspel, H and Kónya, Z},
title = {Response to shock load of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on aerobic granular sludge and algal-bacterial granular sludge processes.},
journal = {NanoImpact},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {100532},
doi = {10.1016/j.impact.2024.100532},
pmid = {39454679},
issn = {2452-0748},
abstract = {Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are extensively used in various fields and can consequently be detected in wastewater, making it necessary to study their potential impacts on biological wastewater treatment processes. In this study, the shock-load impacts of TiO2 NPs were investigated at concentrations ranging between 1 and 200 mg L[-1] on nutrient removal, extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), microbial activity in aerobic granular sludge (AGS), and algal-bacterial granular sludge (AB-AGS) bioreactors. The results indicated that low concentration (≤10 mg L[-1]) TiO2 NPs had no effect on microbial activity or the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen, and phosphorus, due to the increased production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) in the sludge. In contrast, the performance of both AGS and AB-AGS bioreactors gradually deteriorated as the concentration of TiO2 NPs in the influent increased to 50, 100, and 200 mg L[-1]. Specifically, the ammonia‑nitrogen removal rate in AGS decreased from 99.9 % to 88.6 %, while in AB-AGS it dropped to 91.3 % at 200 mg L[-1] TiO2 NPs. Furthermore, the nitrate‑nitrogen levels remained stable in AB-AGS, while NO3-N was detected in the effluent of AGS at 100 and 200 mg L[-1]. Microbial activities change similarly as smaller decrease in the specific ammonia uptake rate (SAUR) and specific nitrate uptake rate (SNUR) was found in AB-AGS compared to those in AGS. Overall, the algal-bacterial sludge exhibited higher resilience against TiO2 NPs, which was attributed to a) higher EPS volume, b) smaller decrease in LB-EPS, and c) the favorable protein to polysaccharide (PN/PS) ratio. This in turn, along with the symbiotic relationship between the algae and bacteria, mitigates the toxic effects of nanoparticles.},
}
@article {pmid39453782,
year = {2024},
author = {Wolfe, B and Campbell, BD and Samsel, F and Campbell, BD and Samsel, F},
title = {Beatie Wolfe: Designing for the Experience of Analog-Digital Symbiosis.},
journal = {IEEE computer graphics and applications},
volume = {44},
number = {5},
pages = {85-92},
doi = {10.1109/MCG.2024.3428588},
pmid = {39453782},
issn = {1558-1756},
abstract = {We have enjoyed getting to know Beatie Wolfe after finding her work to be compelling for its consistent ability to use art and communication to build bridges between different societal worlds. Beatie is a multimedia artist who started her career reimagining the ceremonial experiences of analog music formats, creating a new series of retro-future designs for the digital age, and now perfects an artistic process, which melds art and science and other disciplines to create stunning multifaceted installations that draw huge enthusiastic audiences when displayed in public.},
}
@article {pmid39452359,
year = {2024},
author = {González-Román, P and Hernández-Oaxaca, D and Bustamante-Brito, R and Rogel, MA and Martínez-Romero, E},
title = {On the Origins of Symbiotic Fungi in Carmine Cochineals and Their Function in the Digestion of Plant Polysaccharides.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {39452359},
issn = {2075-4450},
abstract = {The cochineal insect Dactylopius coccus Costa (Hemiptera) has cultural and economic value because it produces carminic acid that is used commercially. In this study, distinct fungi were cultured from dissected tissue and identified as Penicillium, Coniochaeta, Arthrinium, Cladosporium, Microascus, Aspergillus, and Periconia. Fungi were microscopically observed inside cochineals in the gut, fat body, and ovaries. Since cochineals spend their lives attached to cactus leaves and use the sap as feed, they can obtain fungi from cacti plants. Indeed, we obtained Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Cladosporium fungi from cacti that were identical to those inside cochineals, supporting their plant origin. Fungi could be responsible for the degrading activities in the insect guts, since cellulase, pectinase, and amylase enzymatic activities in insect guts decreased in fungicide-treated cochineals. Our findings set the basis for the further study of the interactions between insects, fungi, and their host plants.},
}
@article {pmid39450961,
year = {2024},
author = {Sansonetti, PJ and Doré, J},
title = {[The human microbiome proofed by the Anthropocene: from correlation to causality and intervention].},
journal = {Medecine sciences : M/S},
volume = {40},
number = {10},
pages = {757-765},
doi = {10.1051/medsci/2024121},
pmid = {39450961},
issn = {1958-5381},
mesh = {Humans ; *Microbiota/physiology ; Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; *Dysbiosis/microbiology ; Biodiversity ; Causality ; Climate Change ; },
abstract = {The deleterious effects of human activities on biodiversity in the vegetal and animal world, and on climate changes are now well-established facts. However, little is yet known on the impact of human activities on microbial diversity on the planet and more specifically on the human microbiota Large implementation of metagenomics allows exaustive microbial cataloguing with broad spatio-temporal resolution of human microbiota. A reduction in bacterial richness and diversity in the human microbiota, particularly in the intestinal tract, is now established and particularly obvious in the most industrialized regions of the planet. Massive, uncontrolled use of antibiotics, drastic changes in traditional food habits and some elements of the "global exposome" that remain to identify are usually considered as stressors accounting for this situation of "missing microbes". As a consequence, a dysbiotic situation develops, a "dysbiosis" being characterized by the erosion of the central core of shared bacterial species across individuals and the development of opportunistic "pathobionts" in response to a weaker barrier capacity of these impoverished microbiota. The current challenge is to establish a causality link between the extension of these dysbiotic situations and the steady emergence of epidemic, non-communicable diseases such as asthma, allergy, obesity, diabetes, autoimmune diseases and some cancers. Experimental animal models combined with controlled, prospective clinical interventions are in demand to consolidate causality links, with the understanding that in the deciphering of the mechanisms of alteration of the human-microbiome symbiosis resides a novel exciting chapter of medicine: "microbial medicine".},
}
@article {pmid39450641,
year = {2024},
author = {Fuentes-Romero, F and Mercogliano, M and De Chiara, S and Alías-Villegas, C and Navarro-Gómez, P and Acosta-Jurado, S and Silipo, A and Medina, C and Rodríguez-Carvajal, M&#xc1; and Dardanelli, MS and Ruiz-Sainz, JE and López-Baena, FJ and Molinaro, A and Vinardell, JM and Di Lorenzo, F},
title = {Exopolysaccharide is detrimental for the symbiotic performance of Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 mutants with a truncated lipopolysaccharide core.},
journal = {The Biochemical journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1042/BCJ20240599},
pmid = {39450641},
issn = {1470-8728},
abstract = {The nitrogen-fixing rhizobia-legume symbiosis relies on a complex interchange of molecular signals between the two partners during the whole interaction. On the bacterial side, different surface polysaccharides, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and exopolysaccharide (EPS), might play important roles for the success of the interaction. In a previous work we studied two Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 mutants affected in the rkpK and lpsL genes, which are responsible for the production of glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid, respectively. Both mutants produced an altered LPS, and the rkpK mutant, in addition, lacked EPS. These mutants were differently affected in symbiosis with Glycine max and Vigna unguiculata, with the lpsL mutant showing a stronger impairment than the rkpK mutant. In the present work we have further investigated the LPS structure and the symbiotic abilities of the HH103 lpsL and rkpK mutants. We demonstrate that both strains produce the same LPS, with a truncated core oligosaccharide devoid of uronic acids. We show that the symbiotic performance of the lpsL mutant with Macroptilium atropurpureum and Glycyrrhiza uralensis is worse than that of the rkpK mutant. Introduction of an exoA mutation (which avoids EPS production) in HH103 lpsL improved its symbiotic performance with G. max, M. atropurpureum, and G. uralensis to the level exhibited by HH103 rkpK, suggesting that the presence of EPS might hide the truncated LPS produced by the former mutant.},
}
@article {pmid39450082,
year = {2024},
author = {Quintans, ILADCR and Vukicevich, E and Kokkoris, V and Packard, E and Adhikary, D and Hart, MM and Deyholos, MK},
title = {Gene expression signatures of mutualism and pathogenesis in flax roots.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1415082},
pmid = {39450082},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Fusarium wilt, a devastating soil-borne fungal disease in flax (Linum usitatissimum), is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini, a hemibiotrophic plant pathogen that penetrates plant roots. There are several reports of the molecular response of L. usitatissimum to F. oxysporum f. sp. lini; however, comparisons of the effects of mutualistic and pathogenic fungi on plants are more limited.<br><br>METHODS: In this study, we have integrated phenotyping and RNA-Seq approaches to examine the response of flax to F. oxysporum f.sp. lini and to a mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Rhizoglomus irregulare. R. irregulare is a common soil fungus and also widely used as a commercial inoculant to improve plant growth. We measured flax growth parameters after plant inoculation with each or both fungi, in comparison with non-inoculated control. We performed transcriptome analysis of root tissues collected at 9 and 14 days post-inoculation.<br><br>RESULTS: We identified several differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to pathogenic and mutualistic fungi. These included genes related to ethylene and salicylic acid biosynthesis, carbohydrate binding, oxidoreductases, and sugar transmembrane transporters. Genes related to calcium signaling, nutrient transport, lipid metabolism, cell wall, and polysaccharide-modifying were up-regulated by R. irregulare; however, the same genes were down-regulated by F. oxysporum f. sp. lini when treated independently. In the combined treatment, genes related to cell wall modifications, hormone regulation and nutrient uptake were up-regulated. These results suggest that inoculation with R. irregulare reduced gene expression related to F. oxysporum f. sp. lini infection, leading to a reduced response to the pathogen. In response to AMF, flax prioritized mutualism-related gene expression over defense, reversing the growth inhibition caused by F. oxysporum f. sp.lini in the combined treatment.<br><br>DISCUSSION: This research provides insights into the protective effects of AMF, revealing the pre-symbiotic gene expression profile of flax in response to mutualism in comparison with pathogenicity. Potential target genes for crop improvement were identified, especially defense related genes.},
}
@article {pmid39449508,
year = {2024},
author = {Ma, XL and Cai, LY and Liu, YY and Xing, SP and Kang, L and Wei, X and Zhu, D},
title = {[Using metabolomics to explore the effects of epigenetic-modification strategies on the metabolites of Acanthus ilicifolius L. endophytic fungi against ovarian cancer].},
journal = {Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography},
volume = {42},
number = {11},
pages = {1015-1023},
doi = {10.3724/SP.J.1123.2024.08002},
pmid = {39449508},
issn = {1872-2059},
mesh = {Female ; *Metabolomics ; *Endophytes/metabolism/chemistry ; Humans ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; *Ovarian Neoplasms/microbiology ; Fungi/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Ovarian cancer is a serious threat to women's health and safety. So far, people have discovered more than 130 small molecule compounds of natural origin for anti-tumor, of which approximately 50% are of microbial origin. The Acanthus ilicifolius L. species is primarily distributed in the Guangdong, Hainan, and Guangxi regions of China and grows in tidally accessible coastal areas. Recent studies have revealed that Acanthus ilicifolius L. extracts are endowed with a range of pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and antitumor activities. Endophytic fungi are commonly found in the healthy tissue and organs of medicinal plants. These fungi and the plants they inhabit form mutually beneficial symbiotic relationships. Endophytic fungi produce a series of secondary metabolites, with active substances having shown great economic value and applications prospects in drug research and development as well as for the biological control of plant diseases. Secondary metabolites production by endophytic fungi is regulated by specific gene clusters, and several techniques have been used to stimulate the secondary metabolic processes of fungi, including epigenetic-modification and OSMAC (one strain many compounds) strategies, co-culturing, and gene modification. Among these, epigenetic modification has been shown to be effective; this strategy involves the addition of small-molecule epigenetic modifiers to the culture medium, thereby activating silenced biosynthetic gene clusters without altering the DNA sequences of the fungi. This approach facilitates the expression of silenced genes in endophytic fungi, thereby increasing the number and diversity of secondary metabolites. Furthermore, it assists in overcoming the inhibition of microbial secondary-metabolite synthesis under laboratory conditions, and enhances silenced-gene expressions. The advent of novel analytical techniques and bioinformatics has provided a comprehensive, multifaceted, and holistic understanding of fungal metabolism through the development of metabolomics as a research platform. However, few studies have combined anti-ovarian cancer-activity screening with metabolomic approaches in the search for activity-differentiating metabolites from endophytic fungi under the intervention of epigenetic modifiers. Herein, we investigated the impact of epigenetic modifiers on the secondary metabolites of the endophytic Diaporthe goulteri fungus from Acanthus ilicifolius L. to determine their potential anti-ovarian cancer activities. Crude extracts were obtained by controlling three variables: the number of fermentation days, the type of epigenetic modifier, and its concentration, with activities screened using the CCK-8 (cell counting kit-8) method. Ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was subsequently employed for non-targeted metabolomic analysis. A multivariate statistical analysis model was constructed using principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis, which combines model and variable importance projection, with qualitative screening performed and significant changes (variable importance in the projection (VIP)≥1; P<0. 05) determined. Fifteen differential metabolites were identified in the fungal and epigenetic modification group, primarily comprising polyketides, amino acids, derivatives, alkaloids, and organic acids, including prenderol, glycine, valine, 2-ethylcaproic acid, rubratoxin B, finasteride, 6-silaspiro[5.5]undecane, 1-(2-nitrophenoxy)octane, heptadecene, 1-pentadecene, 11-ketoetiocholanolone, 3-(1-ethyl-1,3,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl)butanal, N[2]-benzoylarginine, tabutrex, (3aR,6S,6aS)-6-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-2-butanyl)-4,4-dimethylhexahydro-1(2H)-pentalenone, and 8-aminoquinoline. The expressions of prenderol, 1-(2-nitrophenoxy)octane, 3-(1-ethyl-1,3,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl)butanal, N[2]-benzoylarginine, and 8-aminoquinoline were downregulated, whereas the expressions of the remaining 10 substances were upregulated. Polyketides were the main components that exhibited higher expressions. This study showed that latent active differential metabolites can be searched by combining anti-ovarian cancer-activity screening with metabolomics analysis, thereby providing a reference for the further development of Acanthus ilicifolius L. resources and the subsequent targeted isolation of active compounds.},
}
@article {pmid39449069,
year = {2024},
author = {Yates, J and Kadiyala, S and Deeney, M and Carriedo, A and Gillespie, S and Heindel, JJ and Maffini, MV and Martin, O and Monteiro, CA and Scheringer, M and Touvier, M and Muncke, J},
title = {A toxic relationship: ultra-processed foods &amp; plastics.},
journal = {Globalization and health},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {74},
pmid = {39449069},
issn = {1744-8603},
mesh = {Humans ; *Plastics/adverse effects ; *Fast Foods/adverse effects ; Food Contamination ; Food, Processed ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Among the crises engulfing the world is the symbiotic rise of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and plastics. Together, this co-dependent duo generates substantial profits for agri-food and petrochemical industries at high costs for people and planet. Cheap, lightweight and highly functional, plastics have ideal properties that enable business models to create demand for low-cost, mass-produced and hyper-palatable UPFs among populations worldwide, hungry, or not. Evidence linking UPF consumption to deterioration in diet quality and higher risk of chronic diseases is well-established and growing rapidly. At the same time, the issue of plastic food contact chemicals (FCCs) is receiving increasing attention among the human health community, as is the generation and dispersion of micro- and nanoplastics.<br><br>MAIN BODY: In this commentary, we explore how the lifecycles and shared economic benefits of UPFs and plastics interact to co-produce a range of direct and indirect harms. We caution that the chemical dimension of these harms is underappreciated, with thousands of plastic FCCs known to migrate into foodstuffs. Some of these are hazardous and have been detected in humans and the broader environment, while many are yet to be adequately tested. We question whether policies on both UPF and plastic chemicals are fit for purpose when production and consumption of these products is adding to the chronic chemical exposures that plausibly contribute to the increasing global burden of non-communicable diseases.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In the context of ongoing negotiations for a legally binding global treaty to end plastics pollution, and rapidly growing concern about the burgeoning share of UPFs in diets worldwide, we ask: What steps are needed to call time on this toxic relationship?},
}
@article {pmid39448367,
year = {2024},
author = {Saha, U and Jadhav, SV and Pathak, KN and Saroj, SD},
title = {Screening of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates reveals the spread of strong biofilm formers and class 1 integrons.},
journal = {Journal of applied microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jambio/lxae275},
pmid = {39448367},
issn = {1365-2672},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium that can colonize, penetrate, and cause infections at several human anatomical locations. The emergence of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae and its ability to evade the immune system and develop antibiotic resistance has made it a key concern in the healthcare industry. The hypervirulent variants are increasingly involved in community-acquired infections. Therefore, it is pertinent to understand the biofilm formation potential among the clinical isolates.<br><br>METHODS AND RESULTS: We acquired 225 isolates of K. pneumoniae from the Department of Microbiology, Symbiosis University Hospital and Research Centre (SUHRC), Pune, India over 1 year from March 2022- March 2023, and evaluated antimicrobial susceptibility, hypermucoviscous phenotype, virulence, and antimicrobial-resistant gene distribution in K. pneumoniae isolates and established a correlation between antimicrobial resistance and integrons. Most isolates were strong biofilm formers (76%). The isolates harbored one or more carbapenemase/ beta-lactamase encoding gene combinations. Hypermucoviscous (HMKP) isolates had considerably greater positive rates for iutA, magA, K2 serotype, rmpA, and rmpA2 than non-HMKP isolates. Isolates carrying integrons (43%) showed significantly more antibiotic resistance.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The study reveals spread of strong biofilm formers with extensive virulence and antimicrobial-resistant genes, and integrons responsible for multi-drug resistance among the clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae in Pune, India, posing a threat to the public health and necessitating close surveillance, accurate diagnosis, control, and therapeutic management of infections.},
}
@article {pmid39447631,
year = {2024},
author = {Salam, M and Bolletta, V and Meng, Y and Yakti, W and Grossule, V and Shi, D and Hayat, F},
title = {Exploring the role of the microbiome of the H. illucens (black soldier fly) for microbial synergy in optimizing black soldier fly rearing and subsequent applications.},
journal = {Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {125055},
doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125055},
pmid = {39447631},
issn = {1873-6424},
abstract = {The symbiotic microbiome in the insect's gut is vital to the host insect's development, improvement of health, resistance to disease, and adaptability to the environment. The black soldier fly (BSF) can convert organic substrates into a protein- and fat-rich biomass that is viable for various applications. With the support of a selective microbiome, BSF can digest and recycle different organic waste, reduce the harmful effects of improper disposal, and transform low-value side streams into valuable resources. Molecular and systems-level investigations on the harbored microbial populations may uncover new biocatalysts for organic waste degradation. This article discusses and summarizes the efforts taken toward characterizing the BSF microbiota and analyzing its substrate-dependent shifts. In addition, the review discusses the dynamic insect-microbe relationship from the functional point of view and focuses on how understanding this symbiosis can lead to alternative applications for BSF. Valorization strategies can include manipulating the microbiota to optimize insect growth and biomass production, as well as exploiting the role of BSF microbiota to discover new bioactive compounds based on BSF immunity. Optimizing the BSF application in industrial setup and exploiting its gut microbiota for innovative biotechnological applications are potential developments that could emerge in the coming decade.},
}
@article {pmid39447296,
year = {2024},
author = {Antonelli, P and Grizard, S and Tran, FH and Lejon, D and Bellemain, A and Van, and Mavingui, P and Roiz, D and Simard, F and Martin, E and Abrouk, D and Vigneron, A and Minard, G and Valiente Moro, C},
title = {Bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and microbiota dynamics across developmental stages of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus exposed to urban pollutants.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology and environmental safety},
volume = {286},
number = {},
pages = {117214},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117214},
pmid = {39447296},
issn = {1090-2414},
abstract = {Aedes albopictus mosquitoes face numerous anthropic stressors in urban areas. These xenobiotics not only impact mosquito physiology but also shape the composition of their microbiota, which play important roles in host physiological traits. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants known to alter mosquito metabolism, but no studies have yet investigated their impact on microbiota. Using a bespoke indoor mesocosm tailored for Ae. albopictus mosquitoes, we investigated the dynamics of bacterial communities in both mosquitoes and their larval breeding sites following chronic exposure to a cocktail of PAHs consisting of benzo[a]pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, chrysene and benzo[b]fluoranthene. Our findings showed that PAHs have a stage-specific effect on mosquito microbiota, with a higher impact in larvae than in adults, contributing to 12.5 % and 4.5 % of the PAHs-induced variations, respectively. The presence of PAHs in the treated mesocosm led to the enrichment of bacterial families and genera known for their ability to catabolize PAHs, such as Comamonadaceae and Raoultella (increasing from 19 % to 30 % and from 1.2 % to 5.6 %, respectively). Conversely, prevalent taxa found in mosquito microbiota like Wolbachia and Cedecea exhibited a reduction (decreasing from 4 % to 0.8 % and from 12.8 % to 6.4 %, respectively). This reduction could be attributed to the competitive advantage gained by PAH-degrading taxa, or it could reflect a direct sensitivity to PAH exposure. Overall, this indicates a shift in microbiota composition favoring bacteria that can thrive in a PAH-contaminated environment. PAHs persisted in the water of breeding sites only the first 45 days of the experiment. Benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[b]fluoranthene were more susceptible to bioaccumulation in larval tissues over time. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of the impact of pollution on mosquitoes and could facilitate future research on the importance of symbiosis in urban-dwelling insect disease vectors. Given the recent advancements in the generation of axenic (microbe-free) and gnotobiotic (mosquitoes with a defined or specific microbiota) mosquitoes, further studies are needed to explore how changes in microbiota composition could influence mosquito responses to pollution, particularly in relation to host fitness, immunity, and vector competence.},
}
@article {pmid39447058,
year = {2024},
author = {Hess, O and van der Deure, T and Bolander, M and Leal Dutra, C and Shik, JZ},
title = {The evolution of thermal performance curves in fungi farmed by attine ant mutualists in aboveground or belowground microclimates.},
journal = {Journal of evolutionary biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jeb/voae135},
pmid = {39447058},
issn = {1420-9101},
abstract = {Fungi are abundant and ecologically important at a global scale, but little is known about whether their thermal adaptations are shaped by biochemical constraints (i.e. the Hotter is Better Model, HBM) or evolutionary tradeoffs (i.e., the Specialist Generalist Model, SGM). We tested these hypotheses by generating thermal performance curves (TPCs) of fungal cultivars farmed by six species of Panamanian fungus-farming 'attine' ants. These fungi represent evolutionary transitions in farming strategies as four cultivars are farmed by ants belowground at stable temperatures near 25°C and two cultivars are farmed aboveground at variable temperatures. We generated TPCs using a common garden experiment confining fungal isolates to different temperatures and then used a Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach to compare competing temperature sensitivity models. Some thermal performance traits differed consistently across farming strategies, with aboveground cultivars having: 1) higher tolerance to low temperatures (CTLmin) and 2) higher maximum growth rate at the optimal temperature (rmax). However, two core assumptions shared by the HBM or SGM were not supported as aboveground cultivars did not show systematic increases in either their optimal temperature (Topt) or thermal tolerance breadth. These results harness ant farming systems as long-term natural experiments to decouple the effects of environmental thermal variation and innate physiological temperature sensitivity on fungal thermal evolution. The results have clear implications for predicting climate warming induced breaking points in animal-microbe mutualisms.},
}
@article {pmid39446969,
year = {2024},
author = {Nashat, LH and Haleem, RA and Ali, SH},
title = {Molecular identification and antimicrobial potential of endophytic fungi against some grapevine pathogens.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {19},
number = {10},
pages = {e0309041},
pmid = {39446969},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Vitis/microbiology ; *Endophytes/physiology ; *Fungi ; Plant Diseases/microbiology/prevention &amp; control ; Fusarium/physiology ; },
abstract = {Endophytic fungi are microorganisms that, exhibiting within the plant tissues without causing any apparent harm to the host, establish a symbiotic relationship with plants. Host plants provide endophytic fungi with essential nutrients and a protected environment. In exchange, the fungi can enhance the plant's ability to acquire nutrients. They can also play a crucial role in increasing the host plant's tolerance to various abiotic and biotic stresses. Endophytic fungi can produce a wide range of bioactive compounds, some similar to those found in the host plant. In Iraq's Duhok province of the Kurdistan region, the plant species Vitis vinifera has been explored as a habitat for diverse endophytic microorganisms across various ecological environments. During the period from 2021 to 2022, a total of 600 samples were collected from four distinct locations: Bagera, Besfke, Barebhar, and Atrush. From these samples, twelve endophytic fungal species were isolated, including Aspergillus flavipes, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium ruscicol, Fusarium venenatum, Chaetomium globosum, Clonostachys rosea, Mucor racemosus, Penicillium glabrum, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus nidulans, and Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata, Paecilomyces maximus, Curvularia buchloes. These fungi were introduced for their potential as biocontrol agents against grapevine trunk diseases and grape rotting fungi, which pose significant risks to grapevine health and productivity. Penicilium radiatolobatum, Botrysphaeria dothidea, Fusarium ruscicola, Fusarium venenatum, and Paecilomyces maximus represented the first record as endophytes on grapevine in Iraq. Based on ITS and SSU sequencing, molecular identification confirmed these fungi's presence with sequence identities ranging from 99% to 100%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these endophytes could be categorized into five main clusters (A, B, C, D, and E), showing high intra-group similarity. Utilizing the Dual Culture method, the endophyte Paecilomyces maximus demonstrated a 70.83% inhibition rate against Ilyonectria destructans. In the Food Poisoning method, A. flavipes and P. maximus emerged as the most effective inhibitors of Ilyonectria destructans, whereas A. terreus, M. racemosus, and P. maximus achieved complete inhibition (100%) of Botrytis cinerea. Additionally, M. racemosus was identified as the most effective biocontrol agent against Neoscytalidium dimidiatum. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the potential of endophytic fungi from Vitis vinifera as effective biocontrol agents against grapevine diseases, highlighting their role in sustainable vineyard management. These findings lead to further exploration and implementation of these fungi-inserted pest management strategies.},
}
@article {pmid39446239,
year = {2024},
author = {Amran, RH and Jamal, MT and Bowrji, S and Sayegh, F and Santanumurti, MB and Satheesh, S},
title = {Mini review: antimicrobial compounds produced by bacteria associated with marine invertebrates.},
journal = {Folia microbiologica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39446239},
issn = {1874-9356},
abstract = {The marine environment is considered one of the most important ecosystems with high biodiversity. Microorganisms in this environment are variable and coexist with other marine organisms. The microbes associated with other marine organisms produce compounds with biological activity that may help the host's defense against invading organisms. The symbiotic association of bacteria with marine invertebrates is of ecological and biotechnological importance. Biologically active metabolites isolated from bacteria associated with marine invertebrates are considered potential sources of natural antimicrobial molecules for treating infectious diseases. Many studies have been conducted to screen the antimicrobial activity of metabolites produced by bacteria associated with marine invertebrates. This work provides an overview of the advancements in antimicrobial compound research on bacteria associated with marine invertebrates.},
}
@article {pmid39445820,
year = {2024},
author = {Keller-Costa, T and Madureira, S and Fernandes, AS and Kozma, L and Gonçalves, JM and Barroso, C and Egas, C and Costa, R},
title = {Genome sequence of the marine alphaproteobacterium Lentilitoribacter sp. EG35 isolated from the temperate octocoral Eunicella gazella.},
journal = {Microbiology resource announcements},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0087224},
doi = {10.1128/mra.00872-24},
pmid = {39445820},
issn = {2576-098X},
abstract = {We report the genome sequence of Lentilitoribacter sp. strain EG35 isolated from the octocoral Eunicella gazella sampled off the coast of Portugal. We reveal the coding potential for the biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates - biodegradable polyesters that may serve bioplastics production, diverse homoserine lactone-like communication signals, and four putatively novel natural products.},
}
@article {pmid39445008,
year = {2024},
author = {Heidari, M and Maleki Vareki, S and Yaghobi, R and Karimi, MH},
title = {Microbiota activation and regulation of adaptive immunity.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1429436},
pmid = {39445008},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {*Adaptive Immunity ; Humans ; Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology ; Homeostasis/immunology ; Dysbiosis/immunology ; Intestinal Mucosa/immunology/microbiology ; Symbiosis/immunology ; },
abstract = {In the mucosa, T cells and B cells of the immune system are essential for maintaining immune homeostasis by suppressing reactions to harmless antigens and upholding the integrity of intestinal mucosal barrier functions. Host immunity and homeostasis are regulated by metabolites produced by the gut microbiota, which has developed through the long-term coevolution of the host and the gut biome. This is achieved by the immunological system's tolerance for symbiote microbiota, and its ability to generate a proinflammatory response against invasive organisms. The imbalance of the intestinal immune system with commensal organisms is causing a disturbance in the homeostasis of the gut microbiome. The lack of balance results in microbiota dysbiosis, the weakened integrity of the gut barrier, and the development of inflammatory immune reactions toward symbiotic organisms. Researchers may uncover potential therapeutic targets for preventing or regulating inflammatory diseases by understanding the interactions between adaptive immunity and the microbiota. This discussion will explore the connection between adaptive immunity and microbiota.},
}
@article {pmid39444680,
year = {2024},
author = {Khara, A and Chakraborty, A and Modlinger, R and Synek, J and Roy, A},
title = {Comparative metagenomic study unveils new insights on bacterial communities in two pine-feeding Ips beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae).},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1400894},
pmid = {39444680},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Climate change has recently boosted the severity and frequency of pine bark beetle attacks. The bacterial community associated with these beetles acts as "hidden players," enhancing their ability to infest and thrive on defense-rich pine trees. There is limited understanding of the environmental acquisition of these hidden players and their life stage-specific association with different pine-feeding bark beetles. There is inadequate knowledge on novel bacterial introduction to pine trees after the beetle infestation. Hence, we conducted the first comparative bacterial metabarcoding study revealing the bacterial communities in the pine trees before and after beetle feeding and in different life stages of two dominant pine-feeding bark beetles, namely Ips sexdentatus and Ips acuminatus. We also evaluated the bacterial association between wild and lab-bred beetles to measure the deviation due to inhabiting a controlled environment.<br><br>RESULTS: Significant differences in bacterial amplicon sequence variance (ASVs) abundance existed among different life stages within and between the pine beetles. However, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Pseudoxanthomonas, Taibaiella, and Acinetobacter served as core bacteria. Interestingly, I. sexdentatus larvae correspond to significantly higher bacterial diversity and community richness and evenness compared to other developmental stages, while I. acuminatus adults displayed higher bacterial richness with no significant variation in the diversity and evenness between the life stages. Both wild and lab-bred I. sexdentatus beetles showed a prevalence of the bacterial family Pseudomonadaceae. In addition, wild I. sexdentatus showed dominance of Yersiniaceae, whereas Erwiniaceae was abundant in lab-bred beetles. Alternatively, Acidobacteriaceae, Corynebacteriaceae, and Microbacteriaceae were highly abundant bacterial families in lab-bred, whereas Chitinophagaceae and Microbacteriaceae were highly abundant in wild I. accuminatus. We validated the relative abundances of selected bacterial taxa estimated by metagenomic sequencing with quantitative PCR.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our study sheds new insights into bacterial associations in pine beetles under the influence of various drivers such as environment, host, and life stages. We documented that lab-breeding considerably influences beetle bacterial community assembly. Furthermore, beetle feeding alters bacteriome at the microhabitat level. Nevertheless, our study revisited pine-feeding bark beetle symbiosis under the influence of different drivers and revealed intriguing insight into bacterial community assembly, facilitating future functional studies.},
}
@article {pmid39443794,
year = {2024},
author = {Jung, J and Zoppe, SF and Söte, T and Moretti, S and Duprey, NN and Foreman, AD and Wald, T and Vonhof, H and Haug, GH and Sigman, DM and Mulch, A and Schindler, E and Janussen, D and Martínez-García, A},
title = {Coral photosymbiosis on Mid-Devonian reefs.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39443794},
issn = {1476-4687},
abstract = {The ability of stony corals to thrive in the oligotrophic (low-nutrient, low-productivity) surface waters of the tropical ocean is commonly attributed to their symbiotic relationship with photosynthetic dinoflagellates[1,2]. The evolutionary history of this symbiosis might clarify its organismal and environmental roles[3], but its prevalence through time, and across taxa, morphologies and oceanic settings, is currently unclear[4-6]. Here we report measurements of the nitrogen isotope ([15]N/[14]N) ratio of coral-bound organic matter (CB-δ[15]N) in samples from Mid-Devonian reefs (Givetian, around 385 million years ago), which represent a constraint on the evolution of coral photosymbiosis. Colonial tabulate and fasciculate (dendroid) rugose corals have low CB-δ[15]N values (2.51 ± 0.97‰) in comparison with co-occurring solitary and (pseudo)colonial (cerioid or phaceloid) rugose corals (5.52 ± 1.63‰). The average of the isotopic difference per deposit (3.01 ± 0.58‰) is statistically indistinguishable from that observed between modern symbiont-barren and symbiont-bearing corals (3.38 ± 1.05‰). On the basis of this evidence, we infer that Mid-Devonian tabulate and some fasciculate (dendroid) rugose corals hosted active photosymbionts, while solitary and some (pseudo)colonial (cerioid or phaceloid) rugose corals did not. The low CB-δ[15]N values of the Devonian tabulate and fasciculate rugose corals relative to the modern range suggest that Mid-Devonian reefs formed in biogeochemical regimes analogous to the modern oligotrophic subtropical gyres. Widespread oligotrophy during the Devonian may have promoted coral photosymbiosis, the occurrence of which may explain why Devonian reefs were the most productive reef ecosystems of the Phanerozoic.},
}
@article {pmid39442659,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, Z and Zhang, Y and Yang, B and Fan, S and Li, L and Yang, P and Zhang, W},
title = {Revealing the Interplay of Dissolved Organic Matters Variation with Microbial Symbiotic Network in Lime-Treated Sludge Landscaping.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {120216},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2024.120216},
pmid = {39442659},
issn = {1096-0953},
abstract = {Lime pretreatment is commonly used for sludge hygienization. Appropriate lime dosage is crucial for achieving both sludge stabilization (lime dosage > 0.2 g/g-TS) and promoting plant and soil health during subsequent landscaping (lime dosage < 0.8 g/g-TS). While much research has been conducted on sludge lime treatment, few studies have examined the effects of lime dosing on integrating sludge stabilization and plant growth promotion during landscaping. In this study, we investigated microbial dynamics and dissolved organic matter (DOM) transformation during sludge landscaping with five lime dosage gradients (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 g lime/g-TS) over 90 days. Our results showed that a lime dosage of 0.4 g/g-TS is the lower threshold for achieving waste activated sludge (WAS) stabilization during landscaping, leading to maximum humic substance formation and minimal phytotoxicity. Specifically, at 0.4 g/g-TS lime dosage, protein degradation and decarboxylation-induced humification were significantly enhanced. The predominant microbial genera shifted from Aromatoleum to Exiguobacterium and Romboutsia (both affiliated with the phylum Firmicutes). Reactomics analysis further indicated that a 0.4 g/g-TS lime dosage promoted the hydrolysis of proteins (lyase reactions on C-C, C-O, and C-N bonds), amino acid metabolism, and decarboxylation-induced humification (e.g., C1H2O2, C2H4O2, C5H4O2, C6H4O2). The co-occurrence network analysis suggested that the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were key players in DOM transformation. This study provides an in-depth understanding of microbe-mediated DOM transformation during sludge landscaping and identifies the optimal lime dosage for improving sludge landscaping efficiency.},
}
@article {pmid39441990,
year = {2024},
author = {Uppal, S and Waterworth, SC and Nick, A and Vogel, H and Flórez, LV and Kaltenpoth, M and Kwan, JC},
title = {Repeated horizontal acquisition of lagriamide-producing symbionts in Lagriinae beetles.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae211},
pmid = {39441990},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Microbial symbionts associate with multicellular organisms on a continuum from facultative associations to mutual codependency. In the oldest intracellular symbioses there is exclusive vertical symbiont transmission, and co-diversification of symbiotic partners over millions of years. Such symbionts often undergo genome reduction due to low effective population sizes, frequent population bottlenecks, and reduced purifying selection. Here, we describe multiple independent acquisition events of closely related defensive symbionts followed by genome erosion in a group of Lagriinae beetles. Previous work in Lagria villosa revealed the dominant genome-eroded symbiont of the genus Burkholderia produces the antifungal compound lagriamide, protecting the beetle's eggs and larvae from antagonistic fungi. Here, we use metagenomics to assemble 11 additional genomes of lagriamide-producing symbionts from seven different host species within Lagriinae from five countries, to unravel the evolutionary history of this symbiotic relationship. In each host, we detected one dominant genome-eroded Burkholderia symbiont encoding the lagriamide biosynthetic gene cluster. However, we did not find evidence for host-symbiont co-diversification, or for monophyly of the lagriamide-producing symbionts. Instead, our analyses support a single ancestral acquisition of the gene cluster followed by at least four independent symbiont acquisitions and subsequent genome erosion in each lineage. By contrast, a clade of plant-associated relatives retained large genomes but secondarily lost the lagriamide gene cluster. Our results, therefore, reveal a dynamic evolutionary history with multiple independent symbiont acquisitions characterized by a high degree of specificity, and highlight the importance of the specialized metabolite lagriamide for the establishment and maintenance of this defensive symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39441337,
year = {2024},
author = {Shi, J and Lei, Y and Li, Z and Jia, L and He, P and Cheng, Q and Zhang, Z and Lei, Z},
title = {Alteration of Cecal Microbiota by Antimicrobial Peptides Enhances the Rational and Efficient Utilization of Nutrients in Holstein Bulls.},
journal = {Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39441337},
issn = {1867-1314},
support = {GSA-XMLZ-2021-01//Gansu beef cattle quality fattening project/ ; GSSLCSX-2020-1//the local funding/ ; },
abstract = {We previously observed that supplementation with antimicrobial peptides facilitated the average daily weight gain, net meat, and carcass weights of Holstein bulls. To expand our knowledge of the possible impact of antimicrobial peptides on cecum microbiota, further investigations were conducted. In this study, 18 castrated Holstein bulls with insignificant weight differences and 10 months of age were split randomly into two groups. The control group (CK) was fed a basic diet, whereas the antimicrobial peptide group (AP) was supplemented with 8 g of antimicrobial peptides for 270 days. After slaughter, metagenomic and metabolomic sequencing analyses were performed on the cecum contents. The results showed significantly higher levels of amylase, cellulase, protease, and lipase in the CK than in the AP group (P ≤ 0.05). The levels of β-glucosidase and xylanase (P ≤ 0.05), and acetic and propionic acids (P ≤ 0.01), were considerably elevated in the AP than in the CK group. The metagenome showed variations between the two groups only at the bacterial level, and 3258 bacteria with differences were annotated. A total of 138 differential abundant genes (P < 0.05) were identified in the CAZyme map, with 65 genes more abundant in the cecum of the AP group and 48 genes more abundant in the cecum of the CK group. Metabolomic analysis identified 68 differentially expressed metabolites. Conjoint analysis of microorganisms and metabolites revealed that Lactobacillus had the greatest impact on metabolites in the AP group and Brumimicrobium in the CK group. The advantageous strains of the AP group Firmicutes bacterium CAG:110 exhibited a strong symbiotic relationship with urodeoxycholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid. This study identified the classification characteristics, functions, metabolites, and interactions of cecal microbiota with metabolites that contribute to host growth performance. Antimicrobial peptides affect the cecal microorganisms, making the use of nutrients more efficient. The utilization of hemicellulose in the cecum of ruminants may contribute more than cellulose to their production performance.},
}
@article {pmid39441269,
year = {2024},
author = {Artemov, O and Lytvynenko, M and Chumachenko, I and Bondarenko, A and Dotsenko, N and Ostapchuk, K and Koshelnyk, O and Gargin, V},
title = {THE INFLUENCE OF THE DEMODEX MITE ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL PICTURE OF EYELID PAPILLOMA.},
journal = {Georgian medical news},
volume = {},
number = {352-353},
pages = {50-54},
pmid = {39441269},
issn = {1512-0112},
mesh = {Humans ; Animals ; *Papilloma/pathology/parasitology/diagnostic imaging ; *Mites ; Eyelid Neoplasms/pathology/parasitology/diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Female ; Mite Infestations/pathology/parasitology ; Aged ; Keratosis, Actinic/pathology ; Middle Aged ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: The aim of work is description of new observations related to the participation of demodex in tumor morphogenesis with goal to study the example of eyelid papilloma, imagine the connection between the presence of the demodex mite and certain changes in the typical histomorphological picture of the neoplasm.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: Histomorphological examination covers biopsy and operative material of eye pathology with diagnosis of neoplasm (eyelid papilloma and actinic keratosis (senile keratosis, senile keratoma, solar keratosis)) were selected, with special attention paid to the presence of horn cysts. Agile methodologies were employed to manage the research workflow effectively.<br><br>RESULTS: As a result of the conducted histomorphological examination, in 24 cases (48%), patterns pathognomonic for demodectic infection were found. Such patterns, which could indicate the presence of a demodex mite, were cystic formations, as well as fragments of a dead parasite. We noted their presence not only in the tumor tissue, but also in the adjacent hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and subepidermal stroma. It is no coincidence that the authors who previously noted the presence of pigmented elements in keratopapillomas or seborrheic keratomas could not explain their origin, resorting to putting forward such fantastic assumptions as the presence of "symbiosis of melanoblasts and epithelial cells, which ensures the transfer of pigment from the first to the second".<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Histomorphological study of serial sections allows us to see the successive stages of transformation of cavity intratissue defects created by the activity of the mite into horn cysts. Cavity defects are the main evidence of demodectic infestation. They occur in basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, xanthomas, sebaceous adenomas, etc. tumors of the eyelids, but only in keratoacanthomas and senile keratomas they can turn into corneal cysts, which can be assumed to be due to the differentiating potential of these neoplasms.},
}
@article {pmid39440990,
year = {2024},
author = {Iriart, V and Rarick, EM and Ashman, TL},
title = {Rhizobial variation, more than plant variation, mediates plant symbiotic and fitness responses to herbicide stress.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e4426},
doi = {10.1002/ecy.4426},
pmid = {39440990},
issn = {1939-9170},
support = {1747452//National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program/ ; //Botanical Society of America/ ; //Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens, Botany in Action Fellowship/ ; //Graduate Women in Science/ ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic mutualisms provide critical ecosystem services throughout the world. Anthropogenic stressors, however, may disrupt mutualistic interactions and impact ecosystem health. The plant-rhizobia symbiosis promotes plant growth and contributes to the nitrogen (N) cycle. While off-target herbicide exposure is recognized as a significant stressor impacting wild plants, we lack knowledge about how it affects the symbiotic relationship between plants and rhizobia. Moreover, we do not know whether the impact of herbicide exposure on symbiotic traits or plant fitness might be ameliorated by plant or rhizobial genetic variation. To address these gaps, we conducted a greenhouse study where we grew 17 full-sibling genetic families of red clover (Trifolium pratense) either alone (uninoculated) or in symbiosis with one of two genetic strains of rhizobia (Rhizobium leguminosarum) and exposed them to a concentration of the herbicide dicamba that simulated "drift" (i.e., off-target atmospheric movement) or a control solution. We recorded responses in immediate vegetative injury, key features of the plant-rhizobia mutualism (nodule number, nodule size, and N fixation), mutualism outcomes, and plant fitness (biomass). In general, we found that rhizobial variation more than plant variation determined outcomes of mutualism and plant fitness in response to herbicide exposure. Herbicide damage response depended on plant family, but also whether plants were inoculated with rhizobia and if so, with which strain. Rhizobial strain variation determined nodule number and size, but this was herbicide treatment-dependent. In contrast, strain and herbicide treatment independently impacted symbiotic N fixation. And while herbicide exposure significantly reduced plant fitness, this effect depended on inoculation state. Furthermore, the differential fitness benefits that the two rhizobial strains provided plants seemed to diminish under herbicidal conditions. Altogether, these findings suggest that exposure to low levels of herbicide impact key components of the plant-rhizobia mutualism as well as plant fitness, but genetic variation in the partners determines the magnitude and/or direction of these effects. In particular, our results highlight a strong role of rhizobial strain identity in driving both symbiotic and plant growth responses to herbicide stress.},
}
@article {pmid39440244,
year = {2024},
author = {Abdelsattar, M and Soliman, MS and Mohamed, RA and Radwan, KH and El-Mahdy, MM and Mousa, KH and Khalil, SRM and Osman, E and Alameldin, HF and Hussein, A and Hassanein, SE and Abdallah, NA and Alsamman, AM and Osama, O},
title = {Transcriptomic insights into mycorrhizal interactions with tomato root: a comparative study of short- and long-term post-inoculation responses.},
journal = {Frontiers in genetics},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1434761},
pmid = {39440244},
issn = {1664-8021},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) refers to a symbiotic association between plant roots and fungi that enhances the uptake of mineral nutrients from the soil and enables the plant to tolerate abiotic and biotic stresses. Although previously reported RNA-seq analyses have identified large numbers of AM-responsive genes in model plants, such as Solanum lycopersicum L., further studies are underway to comprehensively understand the complex interactions between plant roots and AM, especially in terms of the short- and long-term responses after inoculation.<br><br>RESULTS: Herein, we used RNA-seq technology to obtain the transcriptomes of tomato roots inoculated with the fungus Rhizophagus irregularis at 7 and 30&#xa0;days post inoculation (dpi). Of the 1,019 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in tomato roots, 635 genes showed differential expressions between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal associations at the two time points. The number of upregulated DEGs far exceeded the number of downregulated ones at 7 dpi, and this difference decreased at 30&#xa0;dpi. Several notable genes were particularly involved in the plant defense, plant growth and development, ion transport, and biological processes, namely, GABAT, AGP, POD, NQO1, MT4, MTA, and AROGP3. In addition, the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed that some of the genes were involved in different pathways, including those of ascorbic acid (AFRR, GME1, and APX), metabolism (CYP, GAPC2, and CAM2), and sterols (CYC1 and HMGR), as well as genes related to cell division and cell cycle (CDKB2 and PCNA).<br><br>CONCLUSION: These findings provide valuable new data on AM-responsive genes in tomato roots at both short- and long-term postinoculation stages, enabling the deciphering of biological interactions between tomato roots and symbiotic fungi.},
}
@article {pmid39439270,
year = {2024},
author = {Ashif, K and Rabeesh, T},
title = {Pathogenicity of Bacillus subtilis Against Symbiotic Fungus of Euwallacea fornicates (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) From South India.},
journal = {Journal of basic microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2400455},
doi = {10.1002/jobm.202400455},
pmid = {39439270},
issn = {1521-4028},
support = {//This study was supported by the National Tea Research Foundation (grant no. 208/2019)./ ; },
abstract = {In India, the shot-hole borer, Euwallacea fornicates, commonly known as the tea borer, infests the galleries of tea plant twigs under natural conditions and is a major pest of tea. The current investigation focuses on the antagonistic ability of Bacillus subtilis to directly inhibit the growth of plant pathogens in two different climatic regions of tea-growing area. The evaluation reveals that (a) B. subtilis can directly suppress the growth of plant pathogens (b) in the in vitro evaluation; the B. subtilis suppressed the growth of the Fusarium ambrossium, which is the nourishment for the ambrosia beetle, (c) it also revealed that the antagonistic microbes and the entomopathogens are able to control the pest population of the shot hole borer of tea. The impact of B. subtilis on mycelial growth, sporulation, and spore germination of F. ambrosium in agar medium was observed. In the field condition on the post-treatment assessments shows an average decline of 40% in both foliar and soil drenching. Hence, we recommend the antagonistic bacterium B. subtilis for including as an IPM for the management of shot hole borer in tea.},
}
@article {pmid39439269,
year = {2024},
author = {Gao, J and Wang, C and Tian, PC and Liu, C and Ahsan, T and Wei, Y and Huang, YQ and Zhang, SH},
title = {Peanut-Colonized Piriformospora indica Enhanced Drought Tolerance by Modulating the Enzymes and Expression of Drought-Related Genes.},
journal = {Journal of basic microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2400305},
doi = {10.1002/jobm.202400305},
pmid = {39439269},
issn = {1521-4028},
support = {//This research was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, National Key Research and Development Program (No. 2022YFA1304401-05) and Basic Scientific Research Projects of Colleges and Universities in Liaoning Province (No. LJKMZ20221044)./ ; },
abstract = {Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important cash and oil seed crop, mostly distributed in arid and semi-arid areas. In recent years, due to the influence of atmospheric circulation anomalies and other factors, drought has become frequent and increasingly serious in China. This has posed serious challenges to peanut production. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of the endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica to form a symbiotic relationship with peanut plants and to evaluate the drought tolerance of P. indica-colonized peanut plants subjected to a simulated drought stress treatment using 20% polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000). The endophytic fungus P. indica affected the physiological characteristics of the host plant by colonizing the plant roots, thereby conferring greater resistance to drought stress. This fungus strongly colonized the roots of peanuts and was found to enhance root activity after 24 h of P. indica colonization under PEG6000. Catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities were increased at 24 h in peanut leaves colonized with P. indica. Expression of drought-related genes, such as AhNCED1, AhP5CS, and DREB2A was upregulated at 24 h of P. indica colonization. In addition, after PEG6000 treatment, proline, soluble protein, and abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations in plants were increased, while the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was decreased in P. indica colonized peanut. In conclusion, P. indica mediated peanut plant protection against the detrimental effects of drought resulted from enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, and the upregulated expression of drought-related genes for lower membrane damage.},
}
@article {pmid39439005,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, M and Song, Y and Ma, H and Li, Z and Ding, J and Yin, T and Niu, K and Sun, S and Qi, J and Lu, G and Fazal, A and Yang, Y and Wen, Z},
title = {Unveiling the hidden world: How arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and its regulated core fungi modify the composition and metabolism of soybean rhizosphere microbiome.},
journal = {Environmental microbiome},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {78},
pmid = {39439005},
issn = {2524-6372},
support = {2023M731604//China Postdoctoral Science Foundation/ ; 2023T160299//China Postdoctoral Science Foundation/ ; 42377327//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32101383//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; IRT_14R27//Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The symbiosis between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plants often stimulates plant growth, increases agricultural yield, reduces costs, thereby providing significant economic benefits. AMF can also benefit plants through affecting the rhizosphere microbial community, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using Rhizophagus intraradices as a model AMF species, we assessed how AMF influences the bacterial composition and functional diversity through 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics analysis in the rhizosphere of aluminum-sensitive soybean that were inoculated with pathogenic fungus Nigrospora oryzae and phosphorus-solubilizing fungus Talaromyces verruculosus in an acidic soil.<br><br>RESULTS: The inoculation of R. intraradices, N. oryzae and T. verruculosus didn't have a significant influence on the levels of soil C, N, and P, or various plant characteristics such as seed weight, crude fat and protein content. However, their inoculation affected the structure, function and nutrient dynamics of the resident bacterial community. The co-inoculation of T. verruculosus and R. intraradices increased the relative abundance of Pseudomonas psychrotolerans, which was capable of N-fixing and was related to cry-for-help theory (plants signal for beneficial microbes when under stress), within the rhizosphere. R. intraradices increased the expression of metabolic pathways associated with the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, which was known to enhance plant resistance under adverse environmental conditions. The inoculation of N. oryzae stimulated the stress response inside the soil environment by enriching the polyene macrolide antifungal antibiotic-producing bacterial genus Streptomyces in the root endosphere and upregulating two antibacterial activity metabolic pathways associated with steroid biosynthesis pathways in the rhizosphere. Although inoculation of pathogenic fungus N. oryzae enriched Bradyrhizobium and increased soil urease activity, it had no significant effects on biomass and N content of soybean. Lastly, the host niches exhibited differences in the composition of the bacterial community, with most N-fixing bacteria accumulating in the endosphere and Rhizobium vallis only detected in the endosphere.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that intricate interactions between AMF, associated core fungi, and the soybean root-associated ecological niches co-mediate the regulation of soybean growth, the dynamics of rhizosphere soil nutrients, and the composition, function, and metabolisms of the root-associated microbiome in an acidic soil.},
}
@article {pmid39437785,
year = {2024},
author = {Pedinotti, L and Teyssendier de la Serve, J and Roudaire, T and San Clemente, H and Aguilar, M and Kohlen, W and Frugier, F and Frei Dit Frey, N},
title = {The CEP peptide-CRA2 receptor module promotes arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.058},
pmid = {39437785},
issn = {1879-0445},
abstract = {C-terminally encoded peptides (CEPs) are small secreted signaling peptides that promote nitrogen-fixing root nodulation symbiosis in legumes, depending on soil mineral nitrogen availability.[1] In Medicago truncatula, their action is mediated by the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase COMPACT ROOT ARCHITECTURE 2 (CRA2).[2][,][3][,][4] Like most land plants, under inorganic phosphate limitation, M. truncatula establishes another root endosymbiotic interaction with arbuscular fungi, the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AMS). Because this interaction is beneficial for the plant but has a high energetic cost, it is tightly controlled by host plants to limit fungal infections mainly depending on phosphate availability.[5] We show in this study that the expression of a subset of CEP-encoding genes is enhanced in the low-phosphate conditions and that overexpression of the low-phosphate-induced MtCEP1 gene, previously shown to promote the nitrogen-fixing root nodulation symbiosis, enhances AMS from the initial entry point of the fungi. Conversely, a loss-of-function mutation of the CRA2 receptor required for mediating CEP peptide action[2] decreases the endomycorrhizal interaction from the same initial fungal entry stage. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that the cra2 mutant is negatively affected in the regulation of key phosphate transport and response genes as well as in the biosynthesis of strigolactone hormones that are required for establishing AMS. Accordingly, strigolactone contents were drastically decreased in cra2 mutant roots. Overall, we showed that the CEP/CRA2 pathway promotes both root nodulation and AMS in legume plants, depending on soil mineral nutrient availability.},
}
@article {pmid39437688,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, B and Hu, X and Zhao, D and Wang, Y and Qu, J and Tao, Y and Kang, Z and Yu, H and Zhang, J and Zhang, Y},
title = {Harnessing microbial biofilms in soil ecosystems: Enhancing nutrient cycling, stress resilience, and sustainable agriculture.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {370},
number = {},
pages = {122973},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122973},
pmid = {39437688},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Soil ecosystems are complex networks of microorganisms that play pivotal roles in nutrient cycling, stress resilience, and the provision of ecosystem services. Among these microbial communities, soil biofilms, and complex aggregations of microorganisms embedded within extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) exert significant influence on soil health and function. This review delves into the dynamics of soil biofilms, highlighting their structural intricacies and the mechanisms by which they facilitate nutrient cycling, and discusses how biofilms enhance the degradation of pollutants through the action of extracellular enzymes and horizontal gene transfer, contributing to soil detoxification and fertility. Furthermore, the role of soil biofilms in stress resilience is underscored, as they form symbiotic relationships with plants, bolstering their growth and resistance to environmental stressors. The review also explores the ecological functions of biofilms in enhancing soil structure stability by promoting aggregate formation, which is crucial for water retention and aeration. By integrating these insights, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted benefits of biofilms in soil ecosystems. This knowledge is essential for developing strategies to manipulate soil biofilms to improve agricultural productivity and ecological sustainability. This review also identifies research gaps and emphasizes the need for practical applications of biofilms in sustainable agriculture.},
}
@article {pmid39437468,
year = {2024},
author = {Lei, J and Dan, Q and Yan, W and Liu, T and Kuzyakov, Y and Wang, W and Xu, Y and Liu, J and Fang, Y and Wang, J and Wu, X},
title = {Response of bacterial and fungal composition in tailings to Mn pollution.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {480},
number = {},
pages = {136223},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136223},
pmid = {39437468},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {Microorganisms are crucial for natural remediation of heavy metal pollution in mining areas. The regional survey and process analysis of Mn mine microbes is still limited. We investigated microbial species composition in tailings and adjacent soils of seven typical Mn mining areas in wet mid-subtropical China. The Mn bioavailable content in tailings was 55 times higher than in soils. Compared to soils, the heavy metal pollution in tailings reduced the hydrolase activities and microbial species diversity by 97 % and 38 %, respectively. The co-occurrence network of bacterial and fungal species in tailings was dominated by symbiosis and synergism, and their network complexity was lower than that in soils. Linear discriminant analysis of effect size revealed that Ralstonia, Acidisoma, and Talaromyces were the species most stimulated by Mn pollution because their relative and absolute abundance in tailings was much higher than those in soils (p < 0.001). These key species defined the co-occurrence networks and affected metabolic pathways of microbial communities. Electrical conductivity and its interaction with Mn bioavailability strongly affected tailings microbial key species. This work identified the key species adapted to extreme Mn pollution in tailings, which can be used for bioremediation and maintenance of ecosystem functions in Mn-contaminated soils.},
}
@article {pmid39436151,
year = {2024},
author = {Isenberg, RY and Holschbach, CS and Gao, J and Mandel, MJ},
title = {Functional analysis of cyclic diguanylate-modulating proteins in Vibrio fischeri.},
journal = {mSystems},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0095624},
doi = {10.1128/msystems.00956-24},
pmid = {39436151},
issn = {2379-5077},
abstract = {As bacterial symbionts transition from a motile free-living state to a sessile biofilm state, they must coordinate behavior changes suitable to each lifestyle. Cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) is an intracellular signaling molecule that can regulate this transition, and it is synthesized by diguanylate cyclase (DGC) enzymes and degraded by phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes. Generally, c-di-GMP inhibits motility and promotes biofilm formation. While c-di-GMP and the enzymes that contribute to its metabolism have been well studied in pathogens, considerably less focus has been placed on c-di-GMP regulation in beneficial symbionts. Vibrio fischeri is the sole beneficial symbiont of the Hawaiian bobtail squid (Euprymna scolopes) light organ, and the bacterium requires both motility and biofilm formation to efficiently colonize. c-di-GMP regulates swimming motility and cellulose exopolysaccharide production in V. fischeri. The genome encodes 50 DGCs and PDEs, and while a few of these proteins have been characterized, the majority have not undergone comprehensive characterization. In this study, we use protein overexpression to systematically characterize the functional potential of all 50 V. fischeri proteins. All 28 predicted DGCs and 10 of the 14 predicted PDEs displayed at least one phenotype consistent with their predicted function, and a majority of each displayed multiple phenotypes. Finally, active site mutant analysis of proteins with the potential for both DGC and PDE activities revealed potential activities for these proteins. This work presents a systems-level functional analysis of a family of signaling proteins in a tractable animal symbiont and will inform future efforts to characterize the roles of individual proteins during lifestyle transitions.IMPORTANCECyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) is a critical second messenger that mediates bacterial behaviors, and Vibrio fischeri colonization of its Hawaiian bobtail squid host presents a tractable model in which to interrogate the role of c-di-GMP during animal colonization. This work provides systems-level characterization of the 50 proteins predicted to modulate c-di-GMP levels. By combining multiple assays, we generated a rich understanding of which proteins have the capacity to influence c-di-GMP levels and behaviors. Our functional approach yielded insights into how proteins with domains to both synthesize and degrade c-di-GMP may impact bacterial behaviors. Finally, we integrated published data to provide a broader picture of each of the 50 proteins analyzed. This study will inform future work to define specific pathways by which c-di-GMP regulates symbiotic behaviors and transitions.},
}
@article {pmid39434237,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, R and Shi, W and Zhang, P and Ma, J and Zou, R and Zhang, X and Kohler, A and Martin, FM and Zhang, F},
title = {The poplar SWEET1c glucose transporter plays a key role in the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.20183},
pmid = {39434237},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {2022YFD2201200//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 31901279//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32271829//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; ANR-11-LABX-0002-01//Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE/ ; },
abstract = {The mutualistic interaction between ectomycorrhizal fungi and trees is characterized by the coordinated exchange of soil nutrients with soluble sugars. Despite the importance of this process, the precise mechanism by which sugars are transported from host roots to colonizing hyphae remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the specific membrane transporters responsible for the unloading of sugars at the symbiotic interface, with a focus on the role of the root Sugars Will Eventually Be Exported Transporter (SWEET) uniporters. Our study used RNA sequencing and quantitative PCR to identify PtaSWEET gene expression in Populus tremula × alba-Laccaria bicolor ectomycorrhizal root tips. Our results suggest that symbiosis-induced PtaSWEET1c is primarily responsible for transporting glucose and sucrose, as demonstrated by the yeast assays. Moreover, we used a promoter-YFP reporter to confirm the localization of the PtaSWEET1c expression in cortical cells of ectomycorrhizal rootlets, supporting its major role in supplying glucose at the symbiotic interface. Furthermore, our observations confirmed the localization of PtaSWEET1c-GFP in the plasma membrane. The inactivation of PtaSWEET1c reduced ectomycorrhizal root formation and [13]C translocation to ectomycorrhizal roots. Our findings highlight the crucial role of PtaSWEET1c in facilitating glucose and sucrose transport at the symbiotic interface of Populus-L. bicolor symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39433905,
year = {2024},
author = {Morales-Cruz, A and Baumgart, LA},
title = {Harnessing symbiotic bacteria for disease control.},
journal = {Nature reviews. Microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39433905},
issn = {1740-1534},
}
@article {pmid39433552,
year = {2024},
author = {Tian, L and An, M and Liu, F and Zhang, Y},
title = {Fungal community characteristics of the last remaining habitat of three paphiopedilum species in China.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {24737},
pmid = {39433552},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {China ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Orchidaceae/microbiology ; *Ecosystem ; *Soil/chemistry ; *Mycobiome ; *Fungi/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Biodiversity ; Mycorrhizae/genetics/classification ; Nitrogen/analysis ; },
abstract = {Paphiopedilum armeniacum, Paphiopedilum wenshanense and Paphiopedilum emersonii are critically endangered wild orchids. Their populations are under severe threat, with a dramatic decline in the number of their natural distribution sites. Ex situ conservation and artificial breeding are the keys to maintaining the population to ensure the success of ex situ conservation and field return in the future. The habitat characteristics and soil nutrient information of the last remaining wild distribution sites of the three species were studied. ITS high-throughput sequencing was used to reveal the composition and structure of the soil fungal community, analyze its diversity and functional characteristics, and reveal its relationship with soil nutrients. The three species preferred to grow on low-lying, ventilated and shaded declivities with good water drainage. There were significant differences in soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus among the three species. There were 336 fungal species detected in the samples. On average, there were different dominant groups in the soil fungal communities of the three species. The functional groups of soil fungi within their habitats were dominated by saprophytic fungi and ectomycorrhizae, with significant differences in diversity and structure. The co-occurrence network of habitat soil fungi was mainly positive. Soil pH significantly affected soil fungal diversity within their habitats of the three paphiopedilum species. The study confirmed that the dominant groups of soil fungi were significantly correlated with soil nutrients. The three species exhibit comparable habitat inclinations, yet they display substantial variations in the composition, structure, and diversity of soil fungi. The fungal functional group is characterized by a rich presence of saprophytic fungi, a proliferation of ectomycorrhizae, and a modest occurrence of orchid mycorrhizae. The symbiotic interactions among the soil fungi associated with these three species are well-coordinated, enhancing their resilience against challenging environmental conditions. There is a significant correlation between soil environmental factors and the composition of soil fungal communities, with pH emerging as a pivotal factor regulating fungal diversity. Our research into the habitat traits and soil fungal ecosystems of the three wild Paphiopedilum species has established a cornerstone for prospective ex situ conservation measures and the eventual reestablishment of these species in their native landscapes.},
}
@article {pmid39432413,
year = {2024},
author = {Marasco, R and Michoud, G and Seferji, KA and Gonella, E and Garuglieri, E and Rolli, E and Alma, A and Mapelli, F and Borin, S and Daffonchio, D and Crotti, E},
title = {Sorlinia euscelidii gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel acetic acid bacterium isolated from the leafhopper Euscelidius variegatus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae).},
journal = {International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology},
volume = {74},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {39432413},
issn = {1466-5034},
mesh = {Animals ; *Hemiptera/microbiology ; *Phylogeny ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *Fatty Acids/analysis/chemistry ; *DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; *Acetobacteraceae/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; *Base Composition ; *Bacterial Typing Techniques ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; *Multilocus Sequence Typing ; Genome, Bacterial ; Acetic Acid/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Acetic acid bacteria - belonging to the Acetobacteraceae family - are found in the gut of many sugar-feeding insects. In this study, six strains have been isolated from the hemipteran leafhopper Euscelidius variegatus. While they exhibit high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to uncultured members of the Acetobacteraceae family, they could not be unequivocally assigned to any particular type species. Considering the clonality of the six isolates, the EV16P[T] strain was used as a representative of this group of isolates. The genome sequence of EV16P[T] is composed of a 2.388 Mbp chromosome, with a DNA G+C content of 57 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and whole-genome multilocus sequence analysis indicate that EV16P[T] forms a monophyletic clade with the uncultivated endosymbiont of Diaphorina citri, the Candidatus Kirkpatrickella diaphorinae. Such a phylogenetic clade is positioned between those of Asaia-Swaminathania and Kozakia. The genomic distance metrics based on gene and protein sequences support the proposal that EV16P[T] is a new species belonging to a yet-undescribed genus. It is a rod-shaped Gram-stain-negative bacterium, strictly aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, showing optimal growth without salt (NaCl) at 30 °C and pH of 6-7. The major quinone is Q10, and the dominant cellular fatty acids (>10%) are C18:l ω7c, C19 : 0 cyclo ω6c, C16 : 0 and C19 : 1 2OH. The polar lipid profile comprises diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine, along with unidentified aminophospholipids, glycophospholipids, aminolipids and lipids. Based on a polyphasic approach, including phylogenetic, phylogenomic, genome relatedness, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterisations, EV16P[T] (= KCTC 8296[T], = DSM 117028[T]) is proposed as a representative of a novel species in a novel genus with the proposed name Sorlinia euscelidii gen. nov., sp. nov., in honour of Prof. Claudia Sorlini, an Italian environmental microbiologist at the University of Milan who inspired the research on microbial diversity, including symbiosis in plants and animals.},
}
@article {pmid39431789,
year = {2024},
author = {Bickerstaff, JRM and Walsh, T and Court, L and Pandey, G and Ireland, K and Cousins, D and Caron, V and Wallenius, T and Slipinski, A and Rane, R and Escalona, HE},
title = {Chromosome structural rearrangements in invasive haplodiploid ambrosia beetles revealed by the genomes of Euwallacea fornicatus (Eichhoff) and Euwallacea similis (Ferrari) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae).},
journal = {Genome biology and evolution},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/gbe/evae226},
pmid = {39431789},
issn = {1759-6653},
abstract = {Bark and ambrosia beetles are among the most ecologically and economically damaging introduced plant pests worldwide. Life history traits including polyphagy, haplodiploidy, inbreeding polygyny and symbiosis with fungi contribute to their dispersal and impact. Species vary in their interactions with host trees, with many attacking stressed or recently dead trees, such as the globally distributed E. similis (Ferrari). Other species, like the Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer (PSHB) Euwallacea fornicatus (Eichhoff), can attack over 680 host plants and is causing considerable economic damage in several countries. Despite their notoriety, publicly accessible genomic resources for Euwallacea Hopkins species are scarce, hampering our understanding of their invasive capabilities as well as modern control measures, surveillance and management. Using a combination of long and short read sequencing platforms we assembled and annotated high quality (BUSCO > 98% complete) pseudo-chromosome level genomes for these species. Comparative macro-synteny analysis identified an increased number of pseudo-chromosome scaffolds in the haplodiploid inbreeding species of Euwallacea compared to diploid outbred species, due to fission events. This suggests that life history traits can impact chromosome structure. Further, the genome of E. fornicatus had a higher relative proportion of repetitive elements, up to 17% more, than E. similis. Metagenomic assembly pipelines identified microbiota associated with both species including Fusarium fungal symbionts and a novel Wolbachia strain. These novel genomes of haplodiploid inbreeding species will contribute to the understanding of how life history traits are related to their evolution and to the management of these invasive pests.},
}
@article {pmid39431326,
year = {2024},
author = {Tan, X and Zhou, J and Yang, L and Chang, Q and Li, SY and Rockenbauer, A and Song, Y and Liu, Y},
title = {Simultaneous Quantitation of Persulfides, Biothiols, and Hydrogen Sulfide through Sulfur Exchange Reaction with Trityl Spin Probes.},
journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/jacs.4c10266},
pmid = {39431326},
issn = {1520-5126},
abstract = {Reactive sulfur species (RSS) including persulfides (RSSHs), biothiols, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are key regulators in various physiological processes. To better understand the symbiotic relationship and interconversion of these RSS, it is highly desirable but challenging to develop analytical techniques that are capable of detecting and quantifying them. Herein, we report the rational design and synthesis of novel trityl-radical-based electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) probes dubbed CT02-TNB and OX-TNB. CT02-TNB underwent fast sulfur exchange reactions with two reactive RSSHs (PS1 and PS2) which were released from their corresponding donors PSD1 and PSD2 to afford the specific conjugates. The resulting conjugates exhibit characteristic EPR spectra, thus enabling discriminative detection and quantitation of the two RSSHs. Moreover, CT02-TNB showed good response toward other RSS including glutathione (GSH), cysteine (Cys), H2S, and sulfite as well. Importantly, based on the updated EPR spectral simulation program, simultaneous quantitation of multiple RSS (e.g., PS1/GSH/Cys or PS1/GSH/H2S) by CT02-TNB was also achieved. Finally, the levels of released PS1 from PSD1 and endogenous GSH in isolated mouse livers were measured by the hydrophilic OX-TNB. This work represents the first study achieving discriminative and quantitative detection of different persulfides and other RSS by a spectroscopic method.},
}
@article {pmid39431113,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, Y and Zhang, F and Devireddy, AR and Ployet, RA and Rush, TA and Lu, H and Hassan, MM and Yuan, G and Rajput, R and Islam, MT and Agrawal, R and Abraham, PE and Chen, JG and Muchero, W and Martin, F and Veneault-Fourrey, C and Yang, X},
title = {A small secreted protein serves as a plant-derived effector mediating symbiosis between Populus and Laccaria bicolor.},
journal = {Horticulture research},
volume = {11},
number = {10},
pages = {uhae232},
pmid = {39431113},
issn = {2662-6810},
}
@article {pmid39427233,
year = {2024},
author = {Milbrath, LR and Biazzo, J},
title = {Phenology, voltinism, and brood development of Xylosandrus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) ambrosia beetles in New York.},
journal = {Journal of insect science (Online)},
volume = {24},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {39427233},
issn = {1536-2442},
support = {#8062-22410-007-000D//USDA-Agricultural Research Service/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Weevils/microbiology/growth &amp; development/physiology ; New York ; Female ; *Symbiosis ; Oviposition ; Seasons ; Male ; },
abstract = {The ambrosia beetles Xylosandrus germanus (Blanford) and Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) are nonnative pests in orchards and nurseries in North America. They construct galleries in the sapwood of stressed woody hosts and culture a symbiotic fungus as food for their offspring. Preventing attacks is preferred but a better understanding of their biology may elucidate additional avenues for control. Recent phenological studies are lacking for X. germanus that is common in New York, and biological information on brood and gallery development is lacking for the less abundant X. crassiusculus. We conducted both outdoor rearing and laboratory studies to better understand the timing of key events in the maturation of their galleries, particularly associated with the symbiotic fungi. Two and a partial third summer generation were consistently observed over 2 yr for X. germanus; and thus, 3 flights of adult females (foundresses) occurred each summer from mid-April to late September. In both the field and laboratory, initial growth of the symbiotic fungus occurs within a few days of gallery initiation. The rapid development of the reproductive tract and oviposition by X. germanus appears to be stimulated by the presence of the fungus. Fungal, reproductive, and brood development are similar for the related X. crassiusculus in laboratory studies; the 2 species mainly appear to differ in size. The lag between beetle colonization and reproduction currently seems too brief to be exploited for management. Disruption of other stages in gallery development should also be explored to minimize the beetle damage if attacks cannot be prevented.},
}
@article {pmid39426225,
year = {2024},
author = {Javanmiri, E and Rahimi, S and Karimi Torshizi, MA and Nabiyan, S and Behnamifar, A and Grimes, J},
title = {Comparison of the effect of anticoccidial drug, probiotic, synbiotic, phytochemicals and vaccine in prevention and control of coccidiosis in broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria spp.},
journal = {Poultry science},
volume = {103},
number = {12},
pages = {104357},
doi = {10.1016/j.psj.2024.104357},
pmid = {39426225},
issn = {1525-3171},
abstract = {The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of an anti-coccidiosis drug, vaccine, probiotic, symbiotic, and phytochemicals in the prevention and control of coccidia infection in broilers. A total of 525 one-day-old Ross 308 chicks were randomly allocated to 7 experimental diets with 5 replicates of 15 birds each in a completely randomized design. Experimental diets consisted of negative control (NC) without any additives and not challenged. The other 6 groups were challenged with mixed Eimeria and fed the basal diet with no additives (Positive Control, PC) or supplemented with Coxidine 100 (1 g / 1 kg), probiotic, synbiotic, Livacox T vaccine and phytobiotic additives based on the manufacturer's recommended dose. Body weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded weekly. Oocysts per gram of excreta (OPG) were determined on d 25 to 33 and 42. One bird per cage was euthanized to analyze lesion score and jejunum and ileum inflammatory genes expression. Coccidial challenge reduced WG (P < 0.05) during 15 to 28 d and vaccine treatment was more effective in improving WG and FCR on d 29 to 42 and 1 to 42 (P < 0.05) than other treatments. Birds in the PC group had higher (P < 0.05) OPG than NC group for all days and the vaccine treatment resulted in the lowest rate of OPG compared to other treatments (P < 0.05) at 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, and 33 d of age and overall average. Relative mRNA levels of IFN-γ, IL-1β and IL-10 were significantly upregulated among treatments under coccidiosis challenge in jejunum and ileum except for IL-1β expression in the ileum. In conclusion, based on the results of this study the individual characteristics of feed additives for the prevention of coccidiosis can be different depending on the type and source of feed additives, duration, and amount used, levels of oocyst inoculation and Eimeria types.},
}
@article {pmid39426083,
year = {2024},
author = {Rodríguez-Mínguez, E and Calzada, J and Sánchez, C and Vázquez, M and Ávila, M and Garde, S and Picon, A},
title = {Symbiotic sheep milk cheese containing Moringa oleifera extract and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum INIA P2.},
journal = {International journal of food microbiology},
volume = {427},
number = {},
pages = {110942},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110942},
pmid = {39426083},
issn = {1879-3460},
abstract = {Healthy non-bovine functional dairy products are reaching high interest among consumers. In the present study, an aqueous polyphenol-rich Moringa oleifera extract (MoE) and a Bifidobacterium strain of human origin (B. pseudolongum INIA P2) were added, alone or in combination, for the manufacture of three experimental and one control sheep milk cheeses. In general, addition of 2.05 g of lyophilized MoE per 100 g of curd did not affect cheese dry matter or lactococci starter counts during ripening. B. pseudolongum INIA P2 showed good viability in cheese during ripening, and after simulated major gastrointestinal conditions, reaching levels above 7 log CFU / g of cheese. Cheeses with MoE showed lower pH, higher proteolysis and aminopeptidase activity than control cheese. MoE impoved functional properties, significantly (P < 0.01) increasing total phenolic content (TPC) and, especially, antioxidant capacity, with respect to control cheese. MoE modified cheese colour and volatile profile. Cheeses with MoE were darker in colour with higher red and yellow components than control cheese. Several volatile compounds were only detected in cheeses with MoE, indicating their plant origin. On top of that, increased levels of compounds originating from amino acid catabolism were present in these cheeses, as a result of their higher proteolytic and peptidolytic indexes. The symbiotic cheese with MoE and B. pseudolongum INIA P2 could confer beneficial effects on consumers' health by increasing polyphenol bioavailability and contributing to the host antioxidant capacity.},
}
@article {pmid39424841,
year = {2024},
author = {Piromyou, P and Pruksametanan, N and Nguyen, HP and Songwattana, P and Wongdee, J and Nareephot, P and Greetatorn, T and Teamtisong, K and Tittabutr, P and Boonkerd, N and Sato, S and Boonchuen, P and Okazaki, S and Teaumroong, N},
title = {NopP2 effector of Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA61 is a determinant of nodulation in Vigna radiata cultivars.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {24541},
pmid = {39424841},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {grant number N11A670769//JSPS-NRCT by National Research Council of Thailand/ ; B13F660055//NSRF via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources &amp; Institutional Development, Research, and Innovation/ ; grant number 195582//Thailand Science Research and Innovation (TSRI) and National Science Research and Innovation Fund (NSRF)/ ; },
mesh = {*Bradyrhizobium/physiology/genetics ; *Symbiosis ; *Plant Root Nodulation ; *Vigna/microbiology/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The symbiotic relationship between legumes and rhizobia is known to be influenced by specific rhizobial type III effectors (T3Es) in certain cases. In this study, we present evidence that the symbiosis between Vigna radiata and Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA61 is controlled by a T3E called NopP2, and this interaction is highly dependent on the genetic makeup of the host plant. NopP2 plays a crucial role in promoting nodulation in various V. radiata varieties. Additionally, NopP2 is essential for early infection and the formation of nodules in compatible plants. Through evolutionary analysis, we discovered that bradyrhizobial NopPs can be categorized into two distinct clusters: NopP1 and NopP2. Furthermore, both types of bradyrhizobial NopPs were conserved within their respective groups. Our findings suggest that NopP2 serves as a mechanism for optimizing the symbiotic relationship between V. radiata and B. elkanii USDA61 by interacting with the pathogenesis related-10 (PR10) protein and reducing effector-triggered immunity (ETI) responses.},
}
@article {pmid39424807,
year = {2024},
author = {Fan, K and Xiao, Z and Wang, L and Cheung, WL and Wong, FL and Zhang, F and Li, MW and Lam, HM},
title = {Transcriptomes of soybean roots and nodules inoculated with Sinorhizobium fredii with NopP and NopI variants.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {1146},
pmid = {39424807},
issn = {2052-4463},
mesh = {*Glycine max/microbiology/genetics ; *Sinorhizobium fredii/genetics ; *Symbiosis ; *Transcriptome ; *Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; *Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology ; *Plant Roots/microbiology ; Nitrogen Fixation/genetics ; },
abstract = {The major crop, soybean, forms root nodules with symbiotic rhizobia, providing energy and carbon to the bacteria in exchange for bioavailable nitrogen. The relationship is host-specific and highly host-regulated to maximize energy efficiency. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) is greener than synthetic fertilizer for replenishing soil fertility, contributing to yield increase. Nodulation Outer Protein P (NopP) and NopI of the type 3 secretion system (T3SS) of the rhizobium determine host specificity. Sinorhizobium fredii CCBAU25509 (R2) and CCBAU45436 (R4) have different NopP and NopI variants, affecting their respective symbiotic compatibilities with the cultivated soybean C08 and the wild soybean W05. Swapping the NopP variants between R2 and R4 has been shown to switch their compatibility with C08 with the rj2/Rfg1 genotype. To understand the effects of Nops on host compatibility, analyses on the transcriptomic data of W05 roots and nodules inoculated with S. fredii strains containing Nop variants uncovered many differentially expressed genes related to nodulation and nodule functions, providing important information on the effects of Nops on hosts and nodules.},
}
@article {pmid39424036,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, Y and Li, X and You, L and Hu, S and Fang, J and Hu, B and Chen, Z},
title = {Enhancement of PFAS Stress Tolerance and Wastewater Treatment Efficiency by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Constructed Wetlands.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {120148},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2024.120148},
pmid = {39424036},
issn = {1096-0953},
abstract = {This study aims to explore the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the growth of Iris pseudacorus L. and treatment efficacy in constructed wetlands (CWs) subjected to stress from per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). The findings reveal that PFASs exposure induces oxidative damage and inhibits the growth of I. pseudacorus. However, AMF symbiosis enhances plant tolerance to PFAS stress by modulating oxidative responses. AMF treatment not only promoted plant growth but also improved photosynthetic efficiency under PFAS exposure. Compared to non-AMF treatment, those with AMF treatment exhibited significantly increased levels of peroxidases and antioxidant enzymes, including peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, along with a notable reduction in lipid peroxidation. Additionally, AM symbiosis markedly enhanced the efficacy of CWs in the remediation of wastewater under PFASs-induced stress, with removal efficiencies for COD, TP, TN, and NH4[+]-N increasing by 19-34%, 67-180%, 106-137%, and 25-95%, respectively, compared to the AMF- treatments. In addition, the metabolic pathways of PFASs appeared to be influenced by their carbon chain length, with long-chain PFASs like perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluoro anionic acid (PFNA) exhibiting more complex pathways compared to short-chain PFASs such as perfluoro acetic acid (PFPeA), and perfluoro hexanoic acid (PFHpA). These results suggest that AMF-plant symbiosis can enhance plant resilience against PFAS-induced stress and improve the pollutant removal efficiency of CWs. This study highlights the significant potential of AMF in enhancing environmental remediation strategies, providing new insights for the more effective management of PFAS-contaminated ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid39423687,
year = {2024},
author = {Radić, T and Vuković, R and Gaši, E and Kujundžić, D and Čarija, M and Balestrini, R and Sillo, F and Gambino, G and Hančević, K},
title = {Tripartite interactions between grapevine, viruses, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi provide insights into modulation of oxidative stress responses.},
journal = {Journal of plant physiology},
volume = {303},
number = {},
pages = {154372},
doi = {10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154372},
pmid = {39423687},
issn = {1618-1328},
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can be beneficial for plants exposed to abiotic and biotic stressors. Although widely present in agroecosystems, AMF influence on crop responses to virus infection is underexplored, particularly in woody plant species such as grapevine. Here, a two-year greenhouse experiment was set up to test the hypothesis that AMF alleviate virus-induced oxidative stress in grapevine. The 'Merlot' cultivar was infected with three grapevine-associated viruses and subsequently colonized with two AMF inocula, containing one or three species, respectively. Five and fifteen months after AMF inoculation, lipid peroxidation - LPO as an indicator of oxidative stress and indicators of antioxidative response (proline, ascorbate - AsA, superoxide dismutase - SOD, ascorbate- APX and guaiacol peroxidases - GPOD, polyphenol oxidase - PPO, glutathione reductase - GR) were analysed. Expression of genes coding for a stilbene synthase (STS1), an enhanced disease susceptibility (EDS1) and a lipoxygenase (LOX) were determined in the second harvesting. AMF induced reduction of AsA and SOD over both years, which, combined with not AMF-triggered APX and GR, suggests decreased activation of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle. In the mature phase of the AM symbiosis establishment GPOD emerged as an important mechanism for scavenging H2O2 accumulation. These results, together with reduction in STS1 and increase in EDS1 gene expression, suggest more efficient reactive oxygen species scavenging in plants inoculated with AMF. Composition of AMF inocula was important for proline accumulation. Overall, our study improves the knowledge on ubiquitous grapevine-virus-AMF systems in the field, highlighting that established functional AM symbiosis could reduce virus-induced stress.},
}
@article {pmid39423563,
year = {2024},
author = {Gomberg, AF and Grossman, AD},
title = {It's complicated: relationships between integrative and conjugative elements and their bacterial hosts.},
journal = {Current opinion in microbiology},
volume = {82},
number = {},
pages = {102556},
doi = {10.1016/j.mib.2024.102556},
pmid = {39423563},
issn = {1879-0364},
abstract = {Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) are typically found integrated in a bacterial host chromosome. They can excise, replicate, and transfer from cell to cell. Many contain genes that confer phenotypes to host cells, including antibiotic resistances, specialized metabolisms, phage defense, and symbiosis or pathogenesis determinants. Recent studies revealed that at least three ICEs (ICEclc, Tn916, and TnSmu1) cause growth arrest or death of host cells upon element activation. This review highlights the complex interactions between ICEs and their hosts, including the recent examples of the significant costs to host cells. We contrast two examples of killing, ICEclc and Tn916, in which killing, respectively, benefits or impairs conjugation and emphasize the importance of understanding the impacts of ICE-host relationships on conjugation. ICEs are typically only active in a small fraction of cells in a population, and we discuss how phenotypes normally occurring in a small subset of host cells can be uncovered.},
}
@article {pmid39423537,
year = {2024},
author = {Juárez-Trujillo, N and Ortiz-Basurto, RI and Chacón-López, MA and Martinez-Gutierrez, F and Pascual-Pineda, LA and Montalvo-González, E and Jiménez-Fernández, M},
title = {Effect of the drying methods on the stabilization of symbiotic microbeads produced by ionic gelation.},
journal = {Food chemistry},
volume = {464},
number = {Pt 1},
pages = {141546},
doi = {10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.141546},
pmid = {39423537},
issn = {1873-7072},
abstract = {Lactobacillus salivarius was encapsulated by ionic gelation using high polymerization degree agave fructans and sodium alginate to obtain symbiotic microspheres stabilized by different drying methods. The microbeads were characterized by physicochemical, reconstitution, microstructure, thermal, radiographic and infrared properties. The viability of L. salivarius was evaluated for one month at 4 °C and under in vitro gastrointestinal conditions. The ionic gelation-drying technique allowed an encapsulation efficiency greater than 90 %. Oven-dried microbeads showed higher viability under in vitro gastrointestinal conditions. Freeze-drying microbeads showed higher viability during storage at 4 °C, and spray-dried microbeads showed a more notable survival at 40 °C after one month of storage. All samples showed up to 7 log CFU/g of viability after in vitro digestion, which is a benefit for consumer health. It was concluded that the ionic gelation-drying process allows obtaining dry microbeads with the potential to be added to various food products.},
}
@article {pmid39422492,
year = {2024},
author = {Lu, F and Huang, T and Chen, R and Yin, H},
title = {Multi-omics analysis reveals the interplay between pulmonary microbiome and host in immunocompromised patients with sepsis-induced acute lung injury.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0142424},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.01424-24},
pmid = {39422492},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: The mechanisms behind the high inflammatory state and immunocompromise in severe sepsis remain unclear. While microbiota's role in immune regulation is known, the impact of pulmonary microbiota on sepsis progression is not fully understood. This study aims to investigate pulmonary microbial characteristics in septic patients and their relationship with host immune-related genes and clinical features. Fifty-four sepsis patients were divided into the immunocompromised host (ICH) group (n = 18) and the control group (n = 36). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to assess the pulmonary microbiome, and transcriptomic sequencing evaluated host gene expression. The pulmonary microbiota network in the ICH group showed notable alterations. Symbiotic bacteria like Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus oralis were key taxa in the control group. In contrast, opportunistic pathogens such as Campylobacter concisus and Prevotella melaninogenica, typically linked to infections in various body sites, dominated in the ICH group. Transcriptomic analysis revealed differential genes between the two groups. The downregulated differential genes in the ICH group were primarily enriched in pathways related to T-cell activation and the Type I interferon signaling pathway, both crucial for the immune system. Further correlation analysis identified significant associations between certain microbes and host genes, as well as clinical indicators, particularly with species like Campylobacter concisus, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus oralis, and several species of Veillonella. These findings suggest that alterations in the pulmonary microbiome, especially the presence of opportunistic pathogens, may contribute to immune dysregulation in immunocompromised septic patients, warranting further research to explore causal relationships.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: Recent research has substantiated the significant role of microbiota in immune regulation, which could influence high inflammatory state and immunocompromise in patients with severe sepsis, as well as provide new opportunities for acute lung injury induced by sepsis diagnosis and treatment. Our study identified some potential critical microbes (Campylobacter concisus and several species of Veillonella), which were correlated with immune-related genes and might be the novel target to regulate immunotherapy in sepsis.},
}
@article {pmid39421892,
year = {2024},
author = {Naveed, WA and Liu, Q and Lu, C and Huang, X},
title = {Unveiling symbiotic bacterial communities in insects feeding on the latex-rich plant Ficus microcarpa.},
journal = {Bulletin of entomological research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-11},
doi = {10.1017/S0007485324000439},
pmid = {39421892},
issn = {1475-2670},
abstract = {The diversity and health of insects that feed on plants are closely related to their mutualistic symbionts and host plants. These symbiotic partners significantly influence various metabolic activities in these insects. However, the symbiotic bacterial community of toxic plant feeders still needs further characterisation. This study aims to unravel bacterial communities associated with the different species of insect representing three insect orders: Thysanoptera, Hemiptera, and Lepidoptera, along with their predicted functional role, which exclusively feeds on latex-rich plant species Ficus microcarpa. By using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing, the analysis was able to define the major alignment of the bacterial population, primarily comprising Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, and Acidobacteriota. Significant differences in symbiotic organisms between three insect groups were discovered by the study: hemipterans had Burkholderia and Buchnera, and lepidopterans had Acinetobacter. At the same time, Pseudomonas was detected in high abundance in both lepidopteran and thysanopteran insects. Furthermore, these symbionts exhibit consistent core functions, potentially explaining how different insects can consume the same host plant. The identified core functions of symbionts open avenues for innovative approaches in utilising these relationships to develop environment-friendly solutions for pest control, with broader implications for agriculture and environmental conservation.},
}
@article {pmid39421556,
year = {2024},
author = {Ren, W and Zhang, L and Tondre, B and Wang, X and Xu, T},
title = {The rootstock genotype shapes the diversity of pecan (Carya illinoinensis) rhizosphere microbial community.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1461685},
pmid = {39421556},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Pecans (Carya illinoinensis), one of the most valuable native North American nut crops, are commonly propagated through grafting to preserve the desired characteristics from parent trees. Since successful cultivation of pecan trees relies on the interplay among scion varieties, rootstocks, and soil conditions, this study investigated the microbial change to communities in the soils and roots of southern (87MX5-1.7) and northern (Peruque) rootstocks in a rootstock test orchard. Both grafted with the 'Pawnee' scion cultivar. Bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA and fungal ITS were amplified from both roots and rhizosphere soils of the two 10-year-grafted trees, then sequenced and annotated into trophic and nutrient-related groups to characterize the rhizosphere microbiota. The Peruque roots had a higher relative abundance of saprotroph fungi, while 87MX5-1.7 exhibited higher levels of symbiotroph fungi and nitrogen fixation-related bacteria. Among them, the presence of symbiotroph fungi, particularly ectomycorrhizal fungi, notably differed between these two rootstocks, with a significantly higher presence observed in the root of 87MX5-1.7 compared to Peruque. This variation likely leads to divergent pathways of nutrient translocation: Peruque was in favor of multiple fungi (Russula and Inocybe) to gain nutrition, while 87MX5-1.7 preferred a specific domain of fungi (Tuber) and nitrogen fixation-related bacteria (Bradyrhizobia) to form beneficial symbiosis. Moreover, the presence of pathogens suggested a potential risk of Fusarium patch and snow molds in 87MX5-1.7, while canker and black foot disease pose threats in Peruque. The findings of this study suggest that rootstocks from different origins shape rhizosphere microbes differently, potentially affecting nutrient uptake and nut yield. Exploring rootstock-microbe combinations could provide insights into optimizing scion growth and ultimately increasing nut yield. By understanding how different rootstock-microbe interactions influence pecan tree development, growers can strategically select combinations that promote beneficial symbiotic relationships, enhancing nutrient uptake, disease resistance, and overall tree vigor.},
}
@article {pmid39420598,
year = {2024},
author = {Luo, L and Yu, L and Yang, J and Wang, E},
title = {Peptide Signals Regulate Nitrogen Deficiency Adaptation of Dicotyledonous Model Plants.},
journal = {Plant, cell &amp; environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pce.15203},
pmid = {39420598},
issn = {1365-3040},
abstract = {Nitrogen is a crucial macroelement essential for plant growth and development. In Arabidopsis Thaliana, classical phytohormones such as auxin and cytokinin orchestrate local and systemic signalling networks coordinate plant growth and development in response to nitrogen deficiency. Nowadays, emerging signalling pathways involving small peptides like CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDINGR REGION (CLE) and C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE (CEP) and their corresponding kinase receptors, also regulate Arabidopsis' adaptation to nitrogen scarcity. Unlike Arabidopsis, which adapts to nitrogen deficiency by changing root development, legumes have the unique ability to form nitrogen-fixing root nodules through symbiotic interactions with soil rhizobia. During the symbiotic nodulation in Medicago, CLE and CEP peptides and their receptors consist of an autoregulatory network governing the number of nodules in accordance with the soil nitrogen level. Additionally, other plant peptides, such as phytosulfokine (PSK) and root meristem growth factors (RGF), have been identified as new regulators of leguminous root nodule development under nitrogen-limited condition. However, the precise mechanism by which these peptides coordinate nitrogen deficiency response and the development of nitrogen-fixing organs remains to be fully elucidated. This review summarises the adaptive strategies of dicotyledons to nitrogen deficiency, with a particular focus on the regulation of Medicago nitrogen-fixing nodule development by the peptides.},
}
@article {pmid39420440,
year = {2024},
author = {Khalil, A and Bramucci, AR and Focardi, A and Le Reun, N and Willams, NLR and Kuzhiumparambil, U and Raina, JB and Seymour, JR},
title = {Widespread production of plant growth-promoting hormones among marine bacteria and their impacts on the growth of a marine diatom.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {205},
pmid = {39420440},
issn = {2049-2618},
support = {DP180100838//Australian Research Council Grant/ ; DP180100838//Australian Research Council Grant/ ; FT210100100//Australian Research Council Grant/ ; DP180100838//Australian Research Council Grant/ ; },
mesh = {*Plant Growth Regulators/metabolism ; *Diatoms/growth &amp; development/metabolism ; *Bacteria/metabolism/classification/genetics ; Indoleacetic Acids/metabolism ; Seawater/microbiology ; Phytoplankton/growth &amp; development/metabolism ; Aquatic Organisms/metabolism/growth &amp; development ; Symbiosis ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Reciprocal exchanges of metabolites between phytoplankton and bacteria influence the fitness of these microorganisms which ultimately shapes the productivity of marine ecosystems. Recent evidence suggests that plant growth-promoting hormones may be key metabolites within mutualistic phytoplankton-bacteria partnerships, but very little is known about the diversity of plant growth-promoting hormones produced by marine bacteria and their specific effects on phytoplankton growth. Here, we aimed to investigate the capacity of marine bacteria to produce 7 plant growth-promoting hormones and the effects of these hormones on Actinocyclus sp. growth.<br><br>RESULTS: We examined the plant growth-promoting hormone synthesis capabilities of 14 bacterial strains that enhance the growth of the common diatom Actinocyclus. Plant growth-promoting hormone biosynthesis was ubiquitous among the bacteria tested. Indeed all 14 strains displayed the genomic potential to synthesise multiple hormones, and mass-spectrometry confirmed that&#xa0;each strain produced at least 6 out of the 7 tested plant growth-promoting hormones. Some of the plant growth-promoting hormones identified here, such as brassinolide and trans-zeatin, have never been reported in marine microorganisms. Importantly, all strains produced the hormone indole-3 acetic acid (IAA) in high concentrations and released it&#xa0;into their surroundings. Furthermore, indole-3 acetic acid extracellular concentrations were positively correlated with the ability of each strain to promote Actinocyclus growth. When inoculated with axenic Actinocyclus cultures, only indole-3 acetic acid and gibberellic acid enhanced the growth of the diatom, with cultures exposed to indole-3 acetic acid exhibiting a two-fold increase in cell numbers.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our results reveal that marine bacteria produce a much broader range of plant growth-promoting hormones than previously suspected and that some of these compounds enhance the growth of a marine diatom. These findings suggest plant growth-promoting hormones play a large role in microbial communication and broaden our knowledge of their fuctions in the marine environment. Video Abstract.},
}
@article {pmid39419784,
year = {2024},
author = {Roman, A and Koenraadt, CJM and Raymond, B},
title = {Asaia spp. Accelerate development of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, via interactions with the vertically transmitted larval microbiome.},
journal = {Journal of applied microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jambio/lxae261},
pmid = {39419784},
issn = {1365-2672},
abstract = {AIMS: A wide range of vector control programs rely on the efficient production and release of male mosquito. Asaia bacteria are described as potential symbionts of several mosquito species but their relationship with Aedes aegypti has never been rigorously tested. Here we aimed to quantify the benefits of three Asaia species on host development in Ae. aegypti, and the ability of these bacteria to form a stable symbiotic association with growing larvae.<br><br>METHODS AND RESULTS: In order to disentangle direct and indirect effects of Asaia inoculation on host development, experiments used insects with an intact microbiome and those reared in near-aseptic conditions, while we characterized bacterial communities and Asaia densities with culture dependent and independent methods (16S rRNA amplicon sequencing). Neonate larvae were inoculated with Asaia spp. for 24 hours, or left as uninoculated controls, all were reared on sterile food. Aseptic larvae were produced by surface sterilization of eggs. Although all Asaia were transient members of the gut community, two species accelerated larval development relative to controls. The two mutualistic species had lasting impacts on the larval microbiome, largely by altering the relative abundance of dominant bacteria, namely Klebsiella and Pseudomonas. Axenic larvae were dominated by Asaia when inoculated with this species but showed slower development than conventionally reared insects, indicating that Asaia alone could not restore normal development.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our results reveal Asaia as a poor mutualist for Ae. aegypti, but with a species-specific positive effect on improving host performance mediated by interactions with other bacteria.},
}
@article {pmid39419400,
year = {2024},
author = {Wei, J and Liu, C and Qin, D and Ren, F and Duan, J and Chen, T and Wu, A},
title = {Targeting Inflammation and Gut Microbiota with Antibacterial Therapy: Implications for Central Nervous System Health.},
journal = {Ageing research reviews},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {102544},
doi = {10.1016/j.arr.2024.102544},
pmid = {39419400},
issn = {1872-9649},
abstract = {The complex symbiotic relationship between inflammation, the gut microbiota, and the central nervous system (CNS) has become a pivotal focus of contemporary biomedical research. Inflammation, as a physiological defense mechanism, plays a dual role as both a protective and pathological factor, and is intricately associated with gut microbiota homeostasis, often termed the "second brain." The gutbrain axis (GBA) exemplifies this multifaceted interaction, where gut health exerts significantly regulatory effects on CNS functions. Antibacterial therapies represent both promising and challenging strategies for modulating inflammation and gut microbiota composition to confer CNS benefits. However, while such therapies may exert positive modulatory effects on the gut microbiota, they also carry the potential to disrupt microbial equilibrium, potentially exacerbating neurological dysfunction. Recent advances have provided critical insights into the therapeutic implications of antibacterial interventions; nevertheless, the application of these therapies in the context of CNS health warrants a judicious and evidence-based approach. As research progresses, deeper investigation into the microbial-neural interface is essential to fully realize the potential of therapies targeting inflammation and the gut microbiota for CNS health. Future efforts should focus on refining antibacterial interventions to modulate the gut microbiota while minimizing disruption to microbial balance, thereby reducing risks and enhancing efficacy in CNS-related conditions. In conclusion, despite challenges, a more comprehensive understanding of the GBA, along with precise modulation through targeted antibacterial therapies, offers significant promise for advancing CNS disorder treatment. Continued research in this area will lead to innovative interventions and improved patient outcomes.},
}
@article {pmid39419224,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhou, Y and Jin, Z and Ren, X and Hong, C and Hua, Z and Zhu, Y and Dong, Y and Li, X},
title = {Symbiotic conserved arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi supports plant health.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {955},
number = {},
pages = {176974},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176974},
pmid = {39419224},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) forms a multi-beneficial symbiotic relationship with the host plant, therefore it is considered to be an effective helper to promote plant health. However, failure to consider the source or universality of AMF is often unstable during application. Therefore, it is necessary to screen potential AMF inoculants based on the source and the relationship with host. In search of more effective and broad-spectrum AMF inoculants, we studied AMF community structure properties of healthy and diseased plants in 24 fields from four sampling sites. The results indicated that the environmental filtering effect of roots was obvious, which was manifested as a decrease of α-diversity from rhizosphere to root. Differences in α-diversity between healthy and diseased roots further indicate the importance of AMF communities within roots for maintaining plant health. Glomus is significantly enriched and dominant in healthy roots, independent of environment and phylogenically conserved. Spores were further isolated and evaluated for their disease-preventing and pro-growth properties. Based on whether they were symbiotic with plant and root-enrichment characteristics, isolated AMF spores were classified as symbiotic conserved, symbiotic non-conserved, and non-symbiotic AMF. After spores were propagated and inoculated to plant roots, only symbiotic conserved AMF significantly promoted plant growth and maintained health, highlighting the potential of symbiotic conserved AMF in sustainable plant production.},
}
@article {pmid39418876,
year = {2024},
author = {Qin, Y and Cheng, K and Jong, MC and Zheng, H and Cai, Z and Xiao, B and Zhou, J},
title = {Symbiotic bacterial communities and carbon metabolic profiles of Acropora coral with varying health status under thermal stress.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {209},
number = {Pt A},
pages = {117116},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.117116},
pmid = {39418876},
issn = {1879-3363},
abstract = {Thermal-induced coral bleaching has received substantial research attention; however, the dynamics of symbiotic coral-associated bacterial communities are underexplored and the roles of coral with intermediate health status remain unclear. Using high-throughput sequencing and biochemical analyses, we found that the symbiotic zooxanthellae number gradually decreased with the increase of bleaching degree (non-bleached, semi-bleached, and fully-bleached) in the coral Acropora pruinosa. The semi-bleached host exhibited a relatively more complex microbial interaction network. For the carbon metabolic profiles, relatively higher carbon-fixing abilities observed in non-bleached coral symbiotic bacteria, followed by semi-bleached host, and lowest values appeared in fully-bleached coral. Partial least-squares pathway modeling revealed that bacterial community features and carbon metabolic function were directly related with health status, while temperature exerted a strong influence on the bleaching resilience. These findings can help us better understand the coral microecological feature and carbon metabolic potential under changing environment.},
}
@article {pmid39418129,
year = {2024},
author = {Zeng, S and Wang, S and Lin, Z and Jin, H and Li, H and Yu, H and Li, J and Yu, L and Luo, L},
title = {Functions of the Sinorhizobium meliloti LsrB Substrate-Binding Domain in Oxidized Glutathione Resistance, Alfalfa Nodulation Symbiosis, and Growth.},
journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jafc.4c07925},
pmid = {39418129},
issn = {1520-5118},
abstract = {To successfully colonize legume root nodules, rhizobia must effectively evade host-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). LsrB, a redox regulator from Sinorhizobium meliloti, is essential for symbiosis with alfalfa (Medicago sativa). The three cysteine residues in LsrB's substrate domain play distinct roles in activating downstream redox genes. The study found that LsrB's substrate-binding domain, dependent on the cysteine residue Cys146, is involved in oxidized glutathione (GSSG) resistance and alfalfa nodulation symbiosis. LsrB homologues from other rhizobia, with Cys172/Cys238 or Cys146, enhance GSSG resistance and complement lsrB mutant's symbiotic nodulation. Substituting amino acids in Azorhizobium caulinodans LsrB with Cys restores lsrB mutant phenotypes. The lsrB deletion mutant shows increased sensitivity to NCR247, suggesting an interaction with host plant-derived NCRs in alfalfa nodules. Our findings reveal that the key cysteine residue in the LsrB's substrate domain is vital for rhizobium-legume symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39417594,
year = {2024},
author = {Kho, JW and Jung, M and Lee, DH},
title = {Effects of the symbiotic bacteria, Caballeronia insecticola, on the life history parameters of Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae) and their implications for the host population growth.},
journal = {Journal of insect science (Online)},
volume = {24},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {39417594},
issn = {1536-2442},
support = {2021R1A2C1010679//National Research Foundation of Korea/ ; //Basic Science Research Program/ ; RS-2023-00246911//Ministry of Education/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis ; Female ; *Nymph/growth &amp; development/physiology/microbiology ; Life History Traits ; Population Growth ; Longevity ; Hemiptera/growth &amp; development/microbiology/physiology ; Heteroptera/growth &amp; development/physiology/microbiology ; Reproduction ; Male ; Fertility ; },
abstract = {This study aimed to investigate the effects of symbiosis on the life history of host insects and address their implications at the host population level. We evaluated the effects of symbiotic bacteria Caballeronia insecticola on its host Riptortus pedestris (Fabricus) (Hemiptera: Alydidae) from cohorts for nymphal development, adult survivorship, and female reproduction. Then, life table parameters were compared between symbiotic and apo-symbiotic groups, and the effects of symbiosis on the abundance of R. pedestris were simulated for varying proportions of symbiotic individuals in host populations. We found that symbiosis significantly accelerated the nymphal development and reproductive maturation of females. However, symbiosis incurred survival cost on adult females, reducing their longevity by 28.6%. Nonetheless, symbiotic females laid significantly greater numbers of eggs than the apo-symbiotic during early adult ages. This early reproductive investment negated the adverse effect of their reduced longevity, resulting in the mean lifetime fecundity to not significantly differ between the 2 groups. Indeed, total cohort fecundity of the symbiotic group was 1.3-fold greater than that of the apo-symbiotic group. Life table analysis demonstrated shorter generation time and greater population growth rate in the symbiotic population. Finally, the simulation model results indicate that an increase in the proportion of symbiotic R. pedestris favored the population growth, increasing the population size by 1.9 times for every 25% increase in the proportion of symbiotic individuals. Our study demonstrates that symbiont-mediated changes in the life history parameters of host individuals favor the host population growth, despite substantial reduction in the female longevity.},
}
@article {pmid39415218,
year = {2024},
author = {Lahrach, Z and Legeay, J and Ahmed, B and Hijri, M},
title = {The composition of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal bacteriome is species dependent.},
journal = {Environmental microbiome},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {77},
pmid = {39415218},
issn = {2524-6372},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In addition to their role as endosymbionts for plant roots, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) engage in complex interactions with various soil microorganisms, the rhizosphere, and the root endosphere of host plants. They also host diverse prokaryotic groups within their mycelia, contributing to what is termed multipartite symbiosis. In this study, we examined the impact of three AMF species-Rhizophagus irregularis, R. clarus, and R. cerebriforme-combined with microbial bioaugmentation on the diversity and composition of bacterial communities in the mycelia and hyphosphere. Using a microcosm design to separate the influence of host plant roots from AMF mycelia and Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing to analyze the bacterial communities.<br><br>RESULTS: Our results revealed that, while AMF identity and microbial bioaugmentation did not affect the structure of bacterial communities in the hyphosphere soil, they significantly altered the communities associated with their mycelia. Although all three AMF species belong to the same genus, with R. irregularis and R. clarus being closely related compared to R. cerebriforme, we observed variations in the bacterial communities associated with their mycelia. Interestingly, the mycelial bacterial community of R. cerebriforme contained 60 bacteriome core taxa exclusive to it, while R. clarus and R. irregularis had 25 and 9 exclusive taxa, respectively.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study suggests that organismal phylogeny influences the bacterial communities associated with AMF mycelia. These findings provide new insights into AMF and bacterial interactions, which are crucial for the successful deployment of AMF inoculants. The taxonomic diversity of AMF inoculants is important for engineering the plant microbiome and enhancing ecosystem services.},
}
@article {pmid39415055,
year = {2024},
author = {Barreira-Silva, P and Lian, Y and Kaufmann, SHE and Moura-Alves, P},
title = {The role of the AHR in host-pathogen interactions.},
journal = {Nature reviews. Immunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39415055},
issn = {1474-1741},
abstract = {Host-microorganism encounters take place in many different ways and with different types of outcomes. Three major types of microorganisms need to be distinguished: (1) pathogens that cause harm to the host and must be controlled; (2) environmental microorganisms that can be ignored but must be controlled at higher abundance; and (3) symbiotic microbiota that require support by the host. Recent evidence indicates that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) senses and initiates signalling and gene expression in response to a plethora of microorganisms and infectious conditions. It was originally identified as a receptor that binds xenobiotics. However, it was subsequently found to have a critical role in numerous biological processes, including immunity and inflammation and was recently classified as a pattern recognition receptor. Here we review the role of the AHR in host-pathogen interactions, focusing on AHR sensing of different microbial classes, the ligands involved, responses elicited and disease outcomes. Moreover, we explore the therapeutic potential of targeting the AHR in the context of infection.},
}
@article {pmid39414817,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhou, M and Li, Y and Yao, XL and Zhang, J and Liu, S and Cao, HR and Bai, S and Chen, CQ and Zhang, DX and Xu, A and Lei, JN and Mao, QZ and Zhou, Y and Duanmu, DQ and Guan, YF and Chen, ZC},
title = {Inorganic nitrogen inhibits symbiotic nitrogen fixation through blocking NRAMP2-mediated iron delivery in soybean nodules.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {8946},
pmid = {39414817},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {*Glycine max/metabolism/genetics/microbiology ; *Nitrogen Fixation/drug effects ; *Iron/metabolism ; *Root Nodules, Plant/metabolism ; *Nitrogen/metabolism ; *Symbiosis ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects ; *Plant Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; *Cation Transport Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Homeostasis ; Bradyrhizobium/metabolism/genetics ; },
abstract = {Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) in legume-rhizobia serves as a sustainable source of nitrogen (N) in agriculture. However, the addition of inorganic N fertilizers significantly inhibits SNF, and the underlying mechanisms remain not-well understood. Here, we report that inorganic N disrupts iron (Fe) homeostasis in soybean nodules, leading to a decrease in SNF efficiency. This disruption is attributed to the inhibition of the Fe transporter genes Natural Resistance-Associated Macrophage Protein 2a and 2b (GmNRAMP2a&amp;2b) by inorganic N. GmNRAMP2a&amp;2b are predominantly localized at the tonoplast of uninfected nodule tissues, affecting Fe transfer to infected cells and consequently, modulating SNF efficiency. In addition, we identified a pair of N-signal regulators, nitrogen-regulated GARP-type transcription factors 1a and 1b (GmNIGT1a&amp;1b), that negatively regulate the expression of GmNRAMP2a&amp;2b, which establishes a link between N signaling and Fe homeostasis in nodules. Our findings reveal a plausible mechanism by which soybean adjusts SNF efficiency through Fe allocation in response to fluctuating inorganic N conditions, offering valuable insights for optimizing N and Fe management in legume-based agricultural systems.},
}
@article {pmid39414169,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, B and Zhang, N and Sui, H and Xue, R and Qiao, S},
title = {Unique ecology of biofilms and flocs: Bacterial composition, assembly, interaction, and nitrogen metabolism within deteriorated bioreactor inoculated with mature partial nitrification-anammox sludge.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {131643},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131643},
pmid = {39414169},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {This work unraveled discrepant ecological patterns between biofilms and flocs in a deteriorated bioreactor inoculated with mature partial nitrification-anammox (PN/A) sludge. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, a comprehensive evaluation of neutral and null models, along with niche width, delineated that the bacterial community assembly in biofilms and flocs was dominantly driven by the stochastic process, and dispersal limitation critically shaped the community assembly. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that environmental stress caused decentralized and fragmented bacterial colonies, and anammox bacteria were mainly peripheral in biofilms network and less involved in interspecific interactions. Simultaneous PN/A and partial denitrification-anammox (PD/A) processes were identified, whereas PN and PD process primarily occurred in the biofilms and flocs, respectively, as evidenced by metagenomics. Collectively, these outcomes are expected to deepen the basic understanding of complex microbial community and nitrogen metabolism under environmental disturbance, thereby better characterizing and serving the artificial ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid39411438,
year = {2024},
author = {Lv, J and Huo, C and Zhang, J and Huang, Y and Su, Y and Lv, Y and Xie, X and Chen, Z},
title = {Host genotype and age shape the microbial community in the rhizosphere soils of Camellia forests.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1440255},
pmid = {39411438},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Microbiota living in the rhizosphere influences plant growth and fitness, from the opposite perspective; whether host genotypes control its root microbiota is of great interest to forest breeders and microbiologists. To improve low-yield plantations and promote sustainable management of Camellia oleifera, high-throughput sequencing was used to study the chemical properties and microbiome in rhizosphere soil of Camellia forests under three genotypes (common C. oleifera, local C. gauchowensis, and C. chekiangoleosa) and three growth stages (sapling stage at 4-year-old, primary fruit stage at 7-year-old, and full fruiting stage at 11-year-old). The results showed that the rhizosphere soil organic matter (OM), nutrient concentrations, diversity, and community composition of the microbiome were significantly varied among different Camellia genotypes. The relative abundance of symbiotic and pathotrophic fungi in the rhizosphere soil of C. chekiangoleosa was significantly higher than that of C. gauchowensis. Concentrations of OM, available phosphorus (AP), and bacterial alpha diversity increased with tree age. Fungi of Saitozyma, Mortierella, and Glomeromycota and bacteria of Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia and Vicinamibacterales had potential for fertilizer development for Camellia plantation. Camellia genotypes and growth stages were significantly correlated with the rhizosphere soil pH, OM, and available potassium (AK). Soil pH and OM were key factors that affected the microbiome in the Camellia rhizosphere soils. In conclusion, tree genotypes and growth stages shaped microbial communities in Camellia rhizosphere soils, and some plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria were identified as preliminary candidates for improving Camellia plantation growth.},
}
@article {pmid39411080,
year = {2024},
author = {Innocent, TM and Sapountzis, P and Zhukova, M and Poulsen, M and Schiøtt, M and Nash, DR and Boomsma, JJ},
title = {From the inside out: Were the cuticular Pseudonocardia bacteria of fungus-farming ants originally domesticated as gut symbionts?.},
journal = {PNAS nexus},
volume = {3},
number = {10},
pages = {pgae391},
pmid = {39411080},
issn = {2752-6542},
abstract = {The mutualistic interaction specificity between attine ants and antibiotic-producing Actinobacteria has been controversial because Pseudonocardia strains cannot always be isolated from worker cuticles across attine ant species, while other actinobacteria can apparently replace Pseudonocardia and also inhibit growth of Escovopsis mycopathogens. Here we report that across field samples of Panamanian species: (i) Cuticular Pseudonocardia were largely restricted to species in the crown of the attine phylogeny and their appearance likely coincided with the first attines colonizing Central/North America. (ii) The phylogenetically basal attines almost always had cuticular associations with other Actinobacteria than Pseudonocardia. (iii) The sub-cuticular glands nourishing cuticular bacteria appear to be homologous throughout the phylogeny, consistent with an ancient general attine-Actinobacteria association. (iv) The basal attine species investigated always had Pseudonocardia as gut symbionts while Pseudonocardia presence appeared mutually exclusive between cuticular and gut microbiomes. (v) Gut-associated Pseudonocardia were phylogenetically ancestral while cuticular symbionts formed a derived crown group within the Pseudonocardia phylogeny. We further show that laboratory colonies often secondarily acquire cuticular Actinobacteria that they do not associate with in the field, suggesting that many previous studies were uninformative for questions of co-adaptation in the wild. An exhaustive literature survey showed that published studies concur with our present results, provided that they analyzed field colonies and that Actinobacteria were specifically isolated from worker cuticles shortly after field collection. Our results offer several testable hypotheses for a better overall understanding of attine-Pseudonocardia interaction dynamics and putative coevolution throughout the Americas.},
}
@article {pmid39410839,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, J and Wang, X and Bian, C and Liu, J and Xiao, B},
title = {Effect of aeration pretreatment on anaerobic digestion of swine manure.},
journal = {Environmental technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-17},
doi = {10.1080/09593330.2024.2416094},
pmid = {39410839},
issn = {1479-487X},
abstract = {To investigate the effects of aeration pretreatment on the anaerobic digestion (AD) of swine manure, five pretreatment groups were established with dissolved oxygen (DO) in each group set to 0.0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.4, and 2.0 mg/L, respectively. The results demonstrated that compared to the non-aeration group, methane production increased to varying degrees with different aeration pretreatments (AP), with a maximum increase of 27.98% (DO = 2.0 mg/L). AP reduced the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) content of biogas. The H2S concentration in the DO = 2.0 mg/L was only 0.209%, and this represented an increased H2S removal rate of 49.27% compared to that of the DO = 0.0 mg/L (0.412%). Simultaneously, AP increases the hydrolysis rate. When the DO concentration reached 2.0 mg/L, the hydrolysis rate reached its maximum. An increase in the hydrolysis rate further enhanced the removal rate of organic matter. The organic matter removal rate was highest (36.96%) at DO = 2.0 mg/L. AP effectively prolonged the methane generation time and shortened the lag time of methane generation. AP creates a brief micro aerobic environment, accelerates substrate hydrolysis, and promotes the production and consumption of total volatile fatty acids, particularly acetic acid. Additionally, AP promoted the symbiotic relationship between Caldicoprobacter (20.93%-34.96%) and Metanosaeta (14.73%-18.45%).},
}
@article {pmid39409577,
year = {2024},
author = {Bujak, JP and Pereira, AL and Azevedo, J and Bujak, AA and Leshyk, V and Pham Gia, M and Stadtlander, T and Vasconcelos, V and Winstead, DJ},
title = {Azolla as a Safe Food: Suppression of Cyanotoxin-Related Genes and Cyanotoxin Production in Its Symbiont, Nostoc azollae.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {19},
pages = {},
pmid = {39409577},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {Research on Emergency Food Resilience project//Contributions made by D. Winstead were supported financially by Open Philanthropy for the Penn State University/ ; },
abstract = {The floating freshwater fern Azolla is the only plant that retains an endocyanobiont, Nostoc azollae (aka Anabaena azollae), during its sexual and asexual reproduction. The increased interest in Azolla as a potential source of food and its unique evolutionary history have raised questions about its cyanotoxin content and genome. Cyanotoxins are potent toxins synthesized by cyanobacteria which have an anti-herbivore effect but have also been linked to neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, liver and kidney failure, muscle paralysis, and other severe health issues. In this study, we investigated 48 accessions of Azolla-Nostoc symbiosis for the presence of genes coding microcystin, nodularin, cylindrospermopsin and saxitoxin, and BLAST analysis for anatoxin-a. We also investigated the presence of the neurotoxin β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) in Azolla and N. azollae through LC-MS/MS. The PCR amplification of saxitoxin, cylindrospermospin, microcystin, and nodularin genes showed that Azolla and its cyanobiont N. azollae do not have the genes to synthesize these cyanotoxins. Additionally, the matching of the anatoxin-a gene to the sequenced N. azollae genome does not indicate the presence of the anatoxin-a gene. The LC-MS/MS analysis showed that BMAA and its isomers AEG and DAB are absent from Azolla and Nostoc azollae. Azolla therefore has the potential to safely feed millions of people due to its rapid growth while free-floating on shallow fresh water without the need for nitrogen fertilizers.},
}
@article {pmid39408628,
year = {2024},
author = {Guryanova, SV},
title = {Bacteria and Allergic Diseases.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {19},
pages = {},
pmid = {39408628},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Humans ; *Hypersensitivity/microbiology/immunology ; *Bacteria/metabolism ; Animals ; Microbiota ; },
abstract = {Microorganisms colonize all barrier tissues and are present on the skin and all mucous membranes from birth. Bacteria have many ways of influencing the host organism, including activation of innate immunity receptors by pathogen-associated molecular patterns and synthesis of various chemical compounds, such as vitamins, short-chain fatty acids, bacteriocins, toxins. Bacteria, using extracellular vesicles, can also introduce high-molecular compounds, such as proteins and nucleic acids, into the cell, regulating the metabolic pathways of the host cells. Epithelial cells and immune cells recognize bacterial bioregulators and, depending on the microenvironment and context, determine the direction and intensity of the immune response. A large number of factors influence the maintenance of symbiotic microflora, the diversity of which protects hosts against pathogen colonization. Reduced bacterial diversity is associated with pathogen dominance and allergic diseases of the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and upper and lower respiratory tract, as seen in atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, food allergies, and asthma. Understanding the multifactorial influence of microflora on maintaining health and disease determines the effectiveness of therapy and disease prevention and changes our food preferences and lifestyle to maintain health and active longevity.},
}
@article {pmid39407550,
year = {2024},
author = {Bačkor, M and Kecsey, D and Drábová, B and Urminská, D and Šemeláková, M and Goga, M},
title = {Secondary Metabolites from Australian Lichens Ramalina celastri and Stereocaulon ramulosum Affect Growth and Metabolism of Photobiont Asterochloris erici through Allelopathy.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {29},
number = {19},
pages = {},
pmid = {39407550},
issn = {1420-3049},
support = {APVV-21-0289//Slovak Research and Development Agency/ ; 008SPU-4/2023, 009UPJS-4/2023//Slovak Grant Agency KEGA/ ; VEGA 1/0252/24//Slovak Grant Agency VEGA/ ; },
mesh = {*Lichens/metabolism/chemistry/growth &amp; development ; *Secondary Metabolism ; *Allelopathy ; Benzofurans/pharmacology/metabolism/chemistry ; Chlorophyll A/metabolism ; Chlorophyll/metabolism ; Ascomycota/metabolism/drug effects ; Carotenoids/metabolism ; Hydroxybenzoates ; },
abstract = {In the present work, the phytotoxic effects of secondary metabolites extracted from lichen Ramalina celastri (usnic acid) and lichen Stereocaulon ramulosum (a naturally occurring mixture of atranorin and perlatolic acid, approx. 3:1) on cultures of the aposymbiotically grown lichen photobiont Asterochloris erici were evaluated. Algae were cultivated on the surface of glass microfiber disks with applied crystals of lichen extracts for 14 days. The toxicity of each extract was tested at the two selected doses in quantities of 0.01 mg/disk and 0.1 mg/disk. Cytotoxicity of lichen extracts was assessed using selected physiological parameters, such as growth (biomass production) of photobiont cultures, content of soluble proteins, chlorophyll a fluorescence, chlorophyll a integrity, contents of chlorophylls and total carotenoids, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, TBARS, ascorbic acid (AsA), reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, and composition of selected organic acids of the Krebs cycle. The application of both tested metabolic extracts decreased the growth of photobiont cells in a dose-dependent manner; however, a mixture of atranorin and perlatolic acid was more effective when compared to usnic acid at the same dose tested. A higher degree of cytotoxicity of extracts from lichen S. ramulosum when compared to identical doses of extracts from lichen R. celastri was also confirmed by a more pronounced decrease in chlorophyll a fluorescence and chlorophyll a integrity, decreased content of chlorophylls and total carotenoids, increased production of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion, peroxidation of membrane lipids (assessed as TBARS), and a strong decrease in non-enzymatic antioxidants such as AsA, GSH, and GSSG. The cytotoxicity of lichen compounds was confirmed by a strong alteration in the composition of selected organic acids included in the Krebs cycle. The increased ratio between pyruvic acid and citric acid was a very sensitive parameter of phytotoxicity of lichen secondary metabolites to the algal partner of symbiosis. Secondary metabolites of lichens are potent allelochemicals and play significant roles in maintaining the balance between mycobionts and photobionts, forming lichen thallus.},
}
@article {pmid39407476,
year = {2024},
author = {Kidaj, D and Zamlynska, K and Swatek, A and Komaniecka, I},
title = {The Influence of Rhizobial Nod Factors on the Synthesis of Flavonoids in Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench).},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {29},
number = {19},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/molecules29194546},
pmid = {39407476},
issn = {1420-3049},
mesh = {*Fagopyrum/metabolism/chemistry ; *Flavonoids/metabolism ; *Rhizobium/metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Plant Leaves/metabolism/chemistry ; Plant Roots/metabolism ; Flowers/metabolism/chemistry ; Symbiosis ; Seeds/metabolism/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Flavonoids constitute a class of polyphenolic secondary metabolites synthesised mainly by plants and possessing anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. Common buckwheat (F. esculentum Moench) is a dicotyledonous plant rich in different classes of flavonoids (e.g., rutin) and other phenolic compounds. Lipochitooligosaccharides (LCOs), i.e., rhizobial Nod factors and important signalling molecules for the initiation of symbiosis with legumes, are very effective mitogens that stimulate cell division in plant meristems and the production of secondary metabolites. They can also act in this way in non-legume plants. It has been shown that rhizobial Nod factors noticeably improve plant growth. Rhizobial Nod factors influence the production of flavonoids in common buckwheat grown in greenhouse conditions. The amount of rutin and isoorientin in leaves and flowers has been shown to increase in a statistically significant way after application of Nod factors to buckwheat seeds. The presence of rhizobial Nod factors has no influence on the flavonoid content in stems and roots.},
}
@article {pmid39407345,
year = {2024},
author = {Salgado, JFM and Hervé, V and Vera, MAG and Tokuda, G and Brune, A},
title = {Unveiling lignocellulolytic potential: a genomic exploration of bacterial lineages within the termite gut.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {201},
pmid = {39407345},
issn = {2049-2618},
mesh = {Animals ; *Isoptera/microbiology ; *Lignin/metabolism ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Phylogeny ; Bacteria/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification/enzymology ; Metagenome ; Polysaccharides/metabolism ; Genome, Bacterial ; Genomics ; Cellulose/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The microbial landscape within termite guts varies across termite families. The gut microbiota of lower termites (LT) is dominated by cellulolytic flagellates that sequester wood particles in their digestive vacuoles, whereas in the flagellate-free higher termites (HT), cellulolytic activity has been attributed to fiber-associated bacteria. However, little is known about the role of individual lineages in fiber digestion, particularly in LT.<br><br>RESULTS: We investigated the lignocellulolytic potential of 2223 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) recovered from the gut metagenomes of 51 termite species. In the flagellate-dependent LT, cellulolytic enzymes are restricted to MAGs of Bacteroidota (Dysgonomonadaceae, Tannerellaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Azobacteroidaceae) and Spirochaetota (Breznakiellaceae) and reflect a specialization on cellodextrins, whereas their hemicellulolytic arsenal features activities on xylans and diverse heteropolymers. By contrast, the MAGs derived from flagellate-free HT possess a comprehensive arsenal of exo- and endoglucanases that resembles that of termite gut flagellates, underlining that Fibrobacterota and Spirochaetota occupy the cellulolytic niche that became vacant after the loss of the flagellates. Furthermore, we detected directly or indirectly oxygen-dependent enzymes that oxidize cellulose or modify lignin in MAGs of Pseudomonadota (Burkholderiales, Pseudomonadales) and Actinomycetota (Actinomycetales, Mycobacteriales), representing lineages located at the hindgut wall.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study refine our concept of symbiotic digestion of lignocellulose in termite guts, emphasizing the differential roles of specific bacterial lineages in both flagellate-dependent and flagellate-independent breakdown of cellulose and hemicelluloses, as well as a so far unappreciated role of oxygen in the depolymerization of plant fiber and lignin in the microoxic periphery during gut passage in HT. Video Abstract.},
}
@article {pmid39018107,
year = {2024},
author = {Min, BR and Wang, W and Pitta, DW and Indugu, N and Patra, AK and Wang, HH and Abrahamsen, F and Hilaire, M and Puchala, R},
title = {Characterization of the ruminal microbiota in sheep and goats fed different levels of tannin-rich Sericea lespedeza hay.},
journal = {Journal of animal science},
volume = {102},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jas/skae198},
pmid = {39018107},
issn = {1525-3163},
mesh = {Animals ; *Goats ; *Rumen/microbiology ; *Diet/veterinary ; *Animal Feed/analysis ; Sheep/microbiology ; *Tannins/pharmacology/chemistry ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; Lespedeza/chemistry ; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Fermentation ; },
abstract = {Understanding ruminal microbiota and diet-host breed interactions under forage feeding conditions is essential for optimizing rumen fermentation and improving feed efficiency in small ruminants. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different ratios of condensed tannin-rich Sericea lespedeza (SL; Lespedeza cuneata) in the diets on changes and interactions of ruminal microbiota and host species (i.e., sheep and goats). Katahdin sheep (n = 12) and Alpine goats (n = 12) at approximately 10 to 12 mo of age were blocked by body weight (BW = 30.3 and 25.5 kg, respectively) and randomly assigned to one of the 3 treatments. Diets contained 75% coarsely ground forage and 25% concentrate. The forages were 1) 100% alfalfa hay (AL), 2) 100% SL, and 3) 50% AL + 50% SL (ASL). In the present study, the diversity and composition of ruminal microbiota differed between sheep and goats fed similar diets. Based on the taxonomic analysis, there was a distinct clustering pattern (P < 0.05) for sheep by diets, but such a pattern was not observed for goats (P > 0.1). The most predominant phyla were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Ascomycota, and methanogen species of Methanobrevibactor sp. in the rumen of sheep and goats, regardless of diets. The Bacteroidetes and Ascomycota were enriched in sheep fed AL and ASL. In contrast, these microbial phyla were enhanced in goats fed tannin-rich SL diets, with the diet-by-host species interaction (P < 0.02) for the Bacteroidetes phylum. Sheep rumen fluid samples showed a higher degree of variability in microbial community composition compared to goat rumen fluid samples. The relative proportion of the Aspergillus fungi population was reduced to 90.7% in the SL group compared with the AL group, regardless of host species. The antimicrobial activity of tannins and greater sensitivities of selected microbiota species to these tannin compounds during SL feeding in sheep and goats perhaps caused this difference. The results from this study suggest that differences in the microbiota were associated with differences in diets and host species. Therefore, this study provides a better understanding of ruminal microbiota and diet-host species interactions under various tannin-rich diets, which could advance consolidative information on rumen microbiome community diversity changes and may improve sheep and goat production.},
}
@article {pmid39407320,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, J and Li, J and Cao, L and Chen, Q and Ding, D and Kang, L},
title = {An iron-binding protein of entomopathogenic fungus suppresses the proliferation of host symbiotic bacteria.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {202},
pmid = {39407320},
issn = {2049-2618},
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; *Iron/metabolism ; Animals ; *Metarhizium/genetics/metabolism/pathogenicity/physiology ; *Fungal Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Bacteria/metabolism/genetics/classification ; Grasshoppers/microbiology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Dysbiosis/microbiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Entomopathogenic fungal infection-induced dysbiosis of host microbiota offers a window into understanding the complex interactions between pathogenic fungi and host symbionts. Such insights are critical for enhancing the efficacy of mycoinsecticides. However, the utilization of these interactions in pest control remains largely unexplored.<br><br>RESULTS: Here, we found that infection by the host-specialist fungus Metarhizium acridum alters the composition of the symbiotic microbiota and increases the dominance of some bacterial symbionts in locusts. Meanwhile, M. acridum also effectively limits the overgrowth of the predominant bacteria. Comparative transcriptomic screening revealed that the fungus upregulates the production of MaCFEM1, an iron-binding protein, in the presence of bacteria. This protein sequesters iron, thereby limiting its availability. Functionally, overexpression of MaCFEM1 in the fungus induces iron deprivation, which significantly suppresses bacterial growth. Conversely, MaCFEM1 knockout relieves the restriction on bacterial iron availability, resulting in iron reallocation. Upon &#x394;MaCFEM1 infection, some host bacterial symbionts proliferate uncontrollably, turning into opportunistic pathogens and significantly accelerating host death.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study elucidates the critical role of pathogenic fungal-dominated iron allocation in mediating the shift of host microbes from symbiosis to pathogenicity. It also highlights a unique biocontrol strategy that jointly exploits pathogenic fungi and bacterial symbionts to increase host mortality. Video Abstract.},
}
@article {pmid39406834,
year = {2024},
author = {Diaz de Villegas, SC and Borbee, EM and Abdelbaki, PY and Fuess, LE},
title = {Prior heat stress increases pathogen susceptibility in the model cnidarian Exaiptasia diaphana.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {1328},
pmid = {39406834},
issn = {2399-3642},
support = {Startup Funding//Texas State University/ ; Gulf Research Early Career Fellowship//National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine | National Academy of Engineering (NAE)/ ; PRFB 2209205//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Sea Anemones/physiology ; *Heat-Shock Response ; Disease Susceptibility ; Symbiosis ; Climate Change ; },
abstract = {Anthropogenic climate change has significantly altered terrestrial and marine ecosystems globally, often in the form of climate-related events such as thermal anomalies and disease outbreaks. Although the isolated effects of these stressors have been well documented, a growing body of literature suggests that stressors often interact, resulting in complex effects on ecosystems. This includes coral reefs where sequential associations between heat stress and disease have had profound impacts. Here we used the model cnidarian Exaiptasia diaphana to investigate mechanisms linking prior heat stress to increased disease susceptibility. We examined anemone pathogen susceptibility and physiology (symbiosis, immunity, and energetics) following recovery from heat stress. We observed significantly increased pathogen susceptibility in anemones previously exposed to heat stress. Notably, prior heat stress reduced anemone energetic reserves (carbohydrate concentration), and activity of multiple immune components. Minimal effects of prior heat stress on symbiont density were observed. Together, results suggest changes in energetic availability might have the strongest effect on pathogen susceptibility and immunity following heat stress. The results presented here provide critical insight regarding the interplay between heat stress recovery and pathogen susceptibility in cnidarians and are an important first step towards understanding temporal associations between these stressors.},
}
@article {pmid39406061,
year = {2024},
author = {Zardi, GI and Seuront, L and Gevaert, F and Nicastro, KR},
title = {Plastiskin: A new form of plastic pollution affecting rocky shore organisms.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {209},
number = {Pt A},
pages = {117121},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.117121},
pmid = {39406061},
issn = {1879-3363},
abstract = {Plastic pollution has become a significant environmental concern, with profound consequences for ecosystems worldwide, particularly for marine systems. Our study introduces 'plastiskin', a newly identified plastic pollution type encrusting intertidal organisms. Found on mussels and macroalgae, 'plastiskin' was composed of polypropylene and polyethylene. In mussels, the presence of 'plastiskin' was correlated with the absence of living endoliths in areas of the shells it covered, indicating a detrimental impact on the symbiotic endolithic community residing within mussel shells. In addition, we examined the potential negative effects of 'plastiskin' on the photosynthetic efficiency of macroalgae, however, these findings were inconclusive, stressing the need for further studies with larger sample sizes. Our baseline observations may serve as a groundwork for further investigation into the spatial distribution, temporal persistence, and ecological ramifications of 'plastiskin'. potential incorporation of 'plastiskin' as a new marine debris category into management and monitoring frameworks warrants serious consideration.},
}
@article {pmid39405999,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, C and Huang, Q and Sun, S and Cheng, C and Chen, Y and Yu, B},
title = {Preinoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum enhances the salt tolerance of Glycine max seedlings by regulating polyamine metabolism in roots.},
journal = {Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB},
volume = {216},
number = {},
pages = {109196},
doi = {10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109196},
pmid = {39405999},
issn = {1873-2690},
abstract = {Rhizobia are common symbiotic microorganisms in the root system of leguminous plants that can usually provide nitrogen to the host through nitrogen fixation. Studies have shown that rhizobium-preinoculated soybean plants usually exhibit improved salt tolerance, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. In this paper, transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed that preinoculation with rhizobia affected polyamine (PA) metabolism in soybean roots. The assay of PA contents showed that preinoculation with rhizobia significantly increased the putrescine (Put) content in roots and leaves during short-term salt treatment (0-5 d). Long-term salt treatment (5-7 d) resulted in a high Put content and significantly increased Spm and Spd contents, resulting in a rapid increase in the Put/(Spd + Spm) ratio (0-5 d) and subsequent decrease. Moreover, rhizobium preinoculation of soybean plants resulted in increased contents of conjugated and bound PAs under salt stress. Further transcriptome sequencing, PA contents, PA synthase expression and activity analysis revealed that GmADC may be a key gene related to salt tolerance in rhizobium-preinoculated soybean plants, and the GmADC-overexpressing soybean hairy-root composite plants exhibited less ROS damage, lower Cl[-]/NO3[-] ratios and Na[+]/K[+] ratios, and stabilized ion homeostasis. Taken together, preinoculation with rhizobia increased the expression level and enzyme activity of arginine decarboxylase (ADC) in soybean roots, increased the content of Put in roots and leaves, and increased the content of conjugated and bound PAs in soybean plants, thereby alleviating the oxidative and ionic injuries of soybean plants and enhancing the salt tolerance.},
}
@article {pmid39405618,
year = {2024},
author = {Tan, Y and Yu, P and Yu, Z and Xuan, F and Zhu, L},
title = {Deciphering defense system modulating bacteria-mobile genetic elements symbiosis in microbial aggregates under elevated hydraulic stress.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {268},
number = {Pt A},
pages = {122590},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2024.122590},
pmid = {39405618},
issn = {1879-2448},
abstract = {Bacterial defense systems are under strong evolutionary pressures to defend against mobile genetic elements (MGEs), yet their distribution in microbial aggregates in engineered systems remains largely unexplored. Herein, we investigated the bacterial defensome and MGEs within activated sludge flocs (AS) and membrane-attached biofilm (MF) in a full-scale membrane bioreactor. Similar distribution pattern of bacterial defense systems (63 types) was observed in prokaryotic genome in AS and MF, including RM system (∼40 %), Cas system (∼18 %) and TA-Abi system (∼28 %), exhibiting a dependency on the genome size and bacterial taxonomy in microbial aggregates under elevated hydraulic stress (MF). In contrast to plasmid and provirus, which carried defense systems (22 types) similar to their associated hosts, virome (61 %) carried novel defense systems (40 types) absent in their associated hosts. With 54 % of which involved in MGEs geneflow network, 69 % of high quality bacterial genome bins were associated with horizontal gene transfer (HGT), facilitating the exchange of mobile core functional genes. This potentially conferred competitive advantages to hosts through habitat-specific payload genes related to biotic defense, antibiotic resistance, and nitrogen metabolism. The longer growth cycle and varied defense gene density suggested the potential defense redundancy and trade-off of metabolic expense and immunity in bacterial host-MGE symbionts. Furthermore, enhanced cooperative network modules of cross-feeding and defense were observed in the MF, potentially helped the symbiotic microbial communities in coping with hostile conditions under elevated hydraulic stress. These findings shed light on the dynamics of bacterial defense systems in host-MGE coevolution and provide new perspectives of microbial aggregates manipulation for ecological and engineering application.},
}
@article {pmid39405284,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, S and Xu, J and Hu, Y and Ou, X and Yuan, Q and Li, P and Jiang, W and Guo, L and Zhou, T},
title = {Variation in SSRs at different genomic regions and implications for the evolution and identification of Armillaria gallica.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {19},
number = {10},
pages = {e0312114},
pmid = {39405284},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Microsatellite Repeats/genetics ; *Armillaria/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Genome, Plant ; Evolution, Molecular ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Genetic Variation ; },
abstract = {Armillaria spp. are devastating forest pathogens. Due to its low pathogenicity and abundant genetic variation, Armillaria gallica exhibited a unique and beneficial symbiosis with Gastrodia elata, which was used as a traditional Chinese medicine. However, the variation and population structure of A. gallica populations have rarely been investigated. Hence, we analyzed the evolution and variation in simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in three Armillaria genomes: A. gallica, A. cepistipes, and A. ostoyae to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of 14 A. gallica strains. Genome analysis revealed that SSRs were more abundant in the intergenic region than the intron and exon region, as was the SSR density. Compared with other two genomes, SSR density was the lowest in exon region and largest in the intron region of A. gallica, with significant variation in genic region. There were 17 polymorphic markers in A. gallica genome was identified, with 26.7% in genic region, which is higher than that of 18.8% in the intergenic region. Moreover, a total of 50 alleles and 42 polymorphic loci were detected among these A. gallica strains. The averaged polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.4487, ranged from 0.2577 to 0.6786. Both principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and population structure analyses based on the genotype data of SSRs divided the strains into two clusters. The cluster I included all the strains from high-altitude G. elata producing areas and some low-altitude areas, while the strains in Cluster II originated from low-altitude G. elata producing areas. These results indicated that substantial genome-specific variation in SSRs within the genic region of A. gallica and provide new insights for further studies on the evolution and breeding of A. gallica.},
}
@article {pmid39400440,
year = {2024},
author = {Jian, C and Yinhang, W and Jing, Z and Zhanbo, Q and Zefeng, W and Shuwen, H},
title = {Escherichia coli on colorectal cancer: A two-edged sword.},
journal = {Microbial biotechnology},
volume = {17},
number = {10},
pages = {e70029},
pmid = {39400440},
issn = {1751-7915},
support = {2023GZ86//Public Welfare Technology Application Research Program of Huzhou/ ; 2023HT078//China University Industry University Research Innovation Fund/ ; 2023GY04//Medical Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province/ ; },
mesh = {*Colorectal Neoplasms/microbiology ; *Escherichia coli/genetics ; Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Probiotics ; },
abstract = {Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a ubiquitous symbiotic bacterium in the gut, and the diversity of E. coli genes determines the diversity of its functions. In this review, the two-edged sword theory was innovatively proposed. For the question 'how can we harness the ambivalent nature of E. coli to screen and treat CRC?', in terms of CRC screening, the variations in the abundance and subtypes of E. coli across different populations present an opportunity to utilise it as a biomarker, while in terms of CRC treatment, the natural beneficial effect of E. coli on CRC may be limited, and engineered E. coli, particularly certain subtypes with probiotic potential, can indeed play a significant role in CRC treatment. It seems that the favourable role of E. coli as a genetic tool lies not in its direct impact on CRC but its potential as a research platform that can be integrated with various technologies such as nanoparticles, imaging methods, and synthetic biology modification. The relationship between gut microflora and CRC remains unclear due to the complex diversity and interaction of gut microflora. Therefore, the application of E. coli should be based on the 'One Health' view and take the interactions between E. coli and other microorganisms, host, and environmental factors, as well as its own changes into account. In this paper, the two-edged sword role of E. coli in CRC is emphasised to realise the great potential of E. coli in CRC screening and treatment.},
}
@article {pmid39400307,
year = {2024},
author = {Youngsteadt, E and Prado, SG and Duran Aquino, AK and Peña Valdeiglesias, J and Gonzales Ojeda, T and Garate Quispe, JS},
title = {Urbanization drives partner switching and loss of mutualism in an ant-plant symbiosis.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e4449},
doi = {10.1002/ecy.4449},
pmid = {39400307},
issn = {1939-9170},
support = {059-2021-FONDECYT//Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient&#xed;fico, Tecnol&#xf3;gico y de Innovaci&#xf3;n Tecnol&#xf3;gica/ ; //North Carolina State University Internationalization Seed Grant/ ; },
abstract = {Mutualistic interactions between species underpin biodiversity and ecosystem function, but may be lost when partners respond differently to abiotic conditions. Except for a few prominent examples, effects of global anthropogenic change on mutualisms are poorly understood. Here we assess the effects of urbanization on a symbiosis in which the plant Cordia nodosa house ants in hollow structures (domatia) in exchange for defense against herbivores. We expected to find that mutualist ants would be replaced in the city by heat-tolerant opportunists, leaving urban plants vulnerable to herbivory. In five protected forest sites and five urban forest fragments in southeast Perú, we recorded the identity and heat tolerance (CTmax) of ant residents of C. nodosa. We also assayed their plant-defensive behaviors and their effects on herbivory. We characterized the urban heat-island effect in ambient temperatures and within domatia. Forest plants housed a consistent ant community dominated by three specialized plant ants, whereas urban plants housed a suite of 10 opportunistic taxa that were, collectively, about 13 times less likely than forest ants to respond defensively to plant disturbance. In the forest, ant exclusion had the expected effect of increasing herbivory, but in urban sites, exclusion reduced herbivory. Despite poor ant defense in urban sites, we detected no difference in total standing herbivory, perhaps because herbivores themselves also declined in the city. Urban sites were warmer than forest sites (daily maxima in urban domatia averaged 1.6°C hotter), and the urban ant community as a whole was slightly more heat tolerant. These results illustrate a case of mutualism loss associated with anthropogenic disturbance. If urbanization is representative of increasing anthropogenic stressors more broadly, we might expect to see destabilization of myrmecophytic mutualisms in forest ecosystems in the future.},
}
@article {pmid39400157,
year = {2024},
author = {Gan, B and Wang, K and Zhang, B and Jia, C and Lin, X and Zhao, J and Ding, S},
title = {Dynamic microbiome diversity shaping the adaptation of sponge holobionts in coastal waters.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0144824},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.01448-24},
pmid = {39400157},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: The microbial communities associated with sponges contribute to the adaptation of hosts to environments, which are essential for the trophic transformation of benthic-marine coupling. However, little is known about the symbiotic microbial community interactions and adaptative strategies of high- and low-microbial abundance (HMA and LMA) sponges, which represent two typical ecological phenotypes. Here, we compared the 1-year dynamic patterns of microbiomes with the HMA sponge Spongia officinalis and two LMA sponge species Tedania sp. and Haliclona simulans widespread on the coast of China. Symbiotic bacterial communities with the characteristic HMA-LMA dichotomy presented higher diversity and stability in S. officinalis than in Tedania sp. and H. simulans, while archaeal communities showed consistent diversity across all sponges throughout the year. Dissolved oxygen, dissolved inorganic phosphorus, dissolved organic phosphorus, and especially temperature were the major factors affecting the seasonal changes in sponge microbial communities. S. officinalis-associated microbiome had higher diversity, stronger stability, and closer interaction, which adopted a relatively isolated strategy to cope with environmental changes, while Tedania sp. and H. simulans were more susceptible and shared more bacterial Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) with surrounding waters, with an open way facing the uncertainty of the environment. Meta-analysis of the microbiome in composition, diversity, and ecological function from 13 marine sponges further supported that bacterial communities associated with HMA and LMA sponges have evolved two distinct environmental adaptation strategies. We propose that the different adaptive ways of sponges responding to the environment may be responsible for their successful evolution and their competence in global ocean change.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: During long-term evolution, sponge holobionts, among the oldest symbiotic relationships between microbes and metazoans, developed two distinct phenotypes with high- and low-microbial abundance (HMA and LMA). Despite sporadic studies indicating that the characteristic microbial assemblages present in HMA and LMA sponges, the adaptation strategies of symbionts responding to environments are still unclear. This deficiency limits our understanding of the selection of symbionts and the ecological functions during the evolutionary history and the adaptative assessment of HMA and LMA sponges in variable environments. Here, we explored symbiotic communities with two distinct phenotypes in a 1-year dynamic environment and combined with the meta-analysis of 13 sponges. The different strategies of symbionts in adapting to the environment were basically drawn: microbes with LMA were more acclimated to environmental changes, forming relatively loose-connected communities, while HMA developed relatively tight-connected and more similar communities beyond the divergence of species and geographical location.},
}
@article {pmid39399250,
year = {2024},
author = {Arliyani, I and Noori, MT and Ammarullah, MI and Tangahu, BV and Mangkoedihardjo, S and Min, B},
title = {Constructed wetlands combined with microbial fuel cells (CW-MFCs) as a sustainable technology for leachate treatment and power generation.},
journal = {RSC advances},
volume = {14},
number = {44},
pages = {32073-32100},
pmid = {39399250},
issn = {2046-2069},
abstract = {The physical and chemical treatment processes of leachate are not only costly but can also possibly produce harmful by products. Constructed wetlands (CW) has been considered a promising alternative technology for leachate treatment due to less demand for energy, economic, ecological benefits, and simplicity of operations. Various trends and approaches for the application of CW for leachate treatment have been discussed in this review along with offering an informatics peek of the recent innovative developments in CW technology and its perspectives. In addition, coupling CW with microbial fuel cells (MFCs) has proven to produce renewable energy (electricity) while treating contaminants in leachate wastewaters (CW-MFC). The combination of CW-MFC is a promising bio electrochemical that plays symbiotic among plant microorganisms in the rhizosphere of an aquatic plant that convert sun electricity is transformed into bioelectricity with the aid of using the formation of radical secretions, as endogenous substrates, and microbial activity. Several researchers study and try to find out the application of CW-MFC for leachate treatment, along with this system and performance. Several key elements for the advancement of CW-MFC technology such as bioelectricity, reactor configurations, plant species, and electrode materials, has been comprehensively discussed and future research directions were suggested for further improving the performance. Overall, CW-MFC may offer an eco-friendly approach to protecting the aquatic environment and come with built-in advantages for visual appeal and animal habitats using natural materials such as gravel, soil, electroactive bacteria, and plants under controlled condition.},
}
@article {pmid39398766,
year = {2024},
author = {Alammari, DM and Melebari, RE and Alshaikh, JA and Alotaibi, LB and Basabeen, HS and Saleh, AF},
title = {Beyond Boundaries: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Shaping the Future Careers of Medical Students in Saudi Arabia.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {9},
pages = {e69332},
pmid = {39398766},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Artificial intelligence (AI) stands at the forefront of revolutionizing healthcare, wielding its computational prowess to navigate the labyrinth of medical data with unprecedented precision. In this study, we delved into the perspectives of medical students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) regarding AI's seismic impact on their careers and the medical landscape.<br><br>METHODS: &#xa0;A cross-sectional study conducted from February to December 2023 examined the impact of AI on the future of medical students' careers in KSA, surveying approximately 400 participants, including Saudi medical students and interns, and uncovering a fascinating tapestry of perceptions.<br><br>RESULTS: Astonishingly, 75.4% of respondents boasted familiarity with AI, heralding its transformative potential. A resounding 88.9% lauded its capacity to enrich medical education, marking a paradigm shift in learning approaches. However, amidst this wave of optimism, shadows of apprehension loomed. A staggering 42.5% harbored concerns of AI precipitating job displacement, while 34.4% envisioned a future where AI usurps traditional doctor roles. Despite this dichotomy, there existed a unanimous recognition of the symbiotic relationship between AI and human healthcare professionals, heralding an era of collaborative synergy.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our findings underscored a critical need for educational initiatives to assuage fears and facilitate the seamless integration of AI into clinical practice. Moreover, AI's burgeoning influence in diagnostic radiology and personalized healthcare plans emerged as catalysts propelling the domain of precision medicine into uncharted realms of innovation. As AI reshapes the contours of healthcare delivery, it not only promises unparalleled efficiency but also holds the key to unlocking new frontiers in treatment outcomes and accessibility, heralding a transformative epoch in the annals of medicine.},
}
@article {pmid39398504,
year = {2024},
author = {Fujita, M and Tanaka, T and Kusajima, M and Inoshima, K and Narita, F and Nakamura, H and Asami, T and Maruyama-Nakashita, A and Nakashita, H},
title = {Enhanced disease resistance against Botrytis cinerea by strigolactone-mediated immune priming in Arabidopsis thaliana.},
journal = {Journal of pesticide science},
volume = {49},
number = {3},
pages = {186-194},
pmid = {39398504},
issn = {1348-589X},
abstract = {Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of plant hormones that play several roles in plants, such as suppressing shoot branching and promoting arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. The positive regulation of plant disease resistance by SLs has recently been demonstrated by analyses using SL-related mutants. In Arabidopsis, SL-mediated signaling has been reported to modulate salicylic acid-mediated disease resistance, in which the priming of plant immunity plays an important role. In this study, we analyzed the effect of the synthetic SL analogue rac-GR24 on resistance against necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea. In rac-GR24-treated plants, disease resistance against B. cinerea was enhanced in an ethylene- and camalexin-dependent manners. Expression of the ethylene-related genes and the camalexin biosynthetic gene and camalexin accumulation after pathogen infection were enhanced by immune priming in rac-GR24-treated plants. These suggest that SL-mediated immune priming is effective for many types of resistance mechanisms in plant self-defense systems.},
}
@article {pmid39396841,
year = {2024},
author = {González, A and Fullaondo, A and Odriozola, I and Odriozola, A},
title = {Microbiota and beneficial metabolites in colorectal cancer.},
journal = {Advances in genetics},
volume = {112},
number = {},
pages = {367-409},
doi = {10.1016/bs.adgen.2024.08.002},
pmid = {39396841},
issn = {0065-2660},
mesh = {Humans ; *Colorectal Neoplasms/microbiology/metabolism ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism ; Polyphenols/metabolism ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In recent years, the impact of the gut microbiota on the development of CRC has become clear. The gut microbiota is the community of microorganisms living in the gut symbiotic relationship with the host. These microorganisms contribute to the development of CRC through various mechanisms that are not yet fully understood. Increasing scientific evidence suggests that metabolites produced by the gut microbiota may influence CRC development by exerting protective and deleterious effects. This article reviews the metabolites produced by the gut microbiota, which are derived from the intake of complex carbohydrates, proteins, dairy products, and phytochemicals from plant foods and are associated with a reduced risk of CRC. These metabolites include short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), indole and its derivatives, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and polyphenols. Each metabolite, its association with CRC risk, the possible mechanisms by which they exert anti-tumour functions and their relationship with the gut microbiota are described. In addition, other gut microbiota-derived metabolites that are gaining importance for their role as CRC suppressors are included.},
}
@article {pmid39396838,
year = {2024},
author = {González, A and Odriozola, I and Fullaondo, A and Odriozola, A},
title = {Microbiota and detrimental protein derived metabolites in colorectal cancer.},
journal = {Advances in genetics},
volume = {112},
number = {},
pages = {255-308},
doi = {10.1016/bs.adgen.2024.06.001},
pmid = {39396838},
issn = {0065-2660},
mesh = {*Colorectal Neoplasms/microbiology/metabolism/etiology ; Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Fermentation ; Risk Factors ; Diet ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cancer in incidence and the second leading cancer in mortality worldwide. There is growing scientific evidence to support the crucial role of the gut microbiota in the development of CRC. The gut microbiota is the complex community of microorganisms that inhabit the host gut in a symbiotic relationship. Diet plays a crucial role in modulating the risk of CRC, with a high intake of red and processed meat being a risk factor for the development of CRC. The production of metabolites derived from protein fermentation by the gut microbiota is considered a crucial element in the interaction between red and processed meat consumption and the development of CRC. This paper examines several metabolites derived from the bacterial fermentation of proteins associated with an increased risk of CRC. These metabolites include ammonia, polyamines, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), N-nitroso compounds (NOC), hydrogen sulphide (H2S), phenolic compounds (p-cresol) and indole compounds (indolimines). These compounds are depicted and reviewed for their association with CRC risk, possible mechanisms promoting carcinogenesis and their relationship with the gut microbiota. Additionally, this paper analyses the evidence related to the role of red and processed meat intake and CRC risk and the factors and pathways involved in bacterial proteolytic fermentation in the large intestine.},
}
@article {pmid39396778,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhao, H and Yue, W and Cao, C and Zhang, BT and Zan, Z and Lian, G and Zheng, F and Xu, G and Dou, J},
title = {Microbial production of methyl-uranium via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {176844},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176844},
pmid = {39396778},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {The misuse of uranium is a major threat to human health and the environment. In microbial ecosystems, microbes deploy various strategies to cope with uranium-induced stress. However, the exact ecological strategies and mechanisms underlying uranium tolerance in microbes remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the survival strategies and tolerance mechanisms of microbial communities in uranium-contaminated soil and groundwater. Microbial co-occurrence networks and molecular biology techniques were used to analyze the properties of microbes in groundwater and soil samples from various depths of uranium-contaminated areas in Northwest China. Uranium pollution altered microbial ecological strategies. Uranium stress facilitated the formation of microbial community structures, leading to symbiosis. Furthermore, microbes primarily resisted uranium hazards by producing polysaccharides and phosphate groups that chelate uranium, releasing phosphate substances that precipitate uranium, and reducing U(VI) through sulfate- and iron-reducing processes. The relative abundance of metal-methylation genes in soil microorganisms positively correlated with uranium concentration, indicating that soil microorganisms can produce methyl uranium via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. Furthermore, soil and groundwater microorganisms demonstrated different responses to uranium stress. This study provides new insights into microbial responses to uranium stress and novel approaches for the bioremediation of uranium-contaminated sites.},
}
@article {pmid39395509,
year = {2024},
author = {Mehta, A and Kumar, L and Serventi, L and Morton, JD and Torrico, DD},
title = {Bacterial cellulose infusion: A comprehensive investigation into textural, tribological and temporal sensory evaluation of ice creams.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {281},
number = {Pt 3},
pages = {136510},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136510},
pmid = {39395509},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {The study examines how adding bacterial cellulose also referred to as Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast (SCOBY) to ice cream affects the textural, tribological, and sensory attributes, particularly texture and mouthfeel perception. Analytical assessments were performed on three types: SCOBY-added ice cream and two reference samples (control and guar gum-added ice creams). Evaluations included physicochemical properties, textural and tribological characteristics, and dynamic sensory mouthfeel using the temporal dominance of sensation (TDS) methodology. SCOBY ice cream showed higher probiotics content, lower pH, and higher acidity than reference samples. The addition of SCOBY increased hardness and altered the textural properties. TDS analysis highlighted distinct temporal dominance patterns, with guar gum ice cream presenting a pronounced mouth/residual coating pre-swallowing, while SCOBY and control ice cream exhibited a thin/fluid perception. The frictional factor at 37 °C was positively correlated with the melting rate, graininess, and thin/fluid perception while negatively correlated with firmness, smoothness and mouthfeel liking. Additionally, the mouthfeel liking was higher with firm, smooth and mouth/residual coating sensations and lower with grainy and thin/fluid perception. In summary, incorporating SCOBY in ice cream formulations can provide health benefits and meet consumer preferences for natural ingredients, while ensuring careful optimization of mouthfeel.},
}
@article {pmid39395506,
year = {2024},
author = {Dubey, I and K, N and G, V and Rohilla, G and Lalruatmawii, and Naxine, P and P, J and Rachamalla, M and Kushwaha, S},
title = {Exploring the hypothetical links between environmental pollutants, diet, and the gut-testis axis: The potential role of microbes in male reproductive health.},
journal = {Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)},
volume = {130},
number = {},
pages = {108732},
doi = {10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108732},
pmid = {39395506},
issn = {1873-1708},
abstract = {The gut system, commonly referred to as one of the principal organs of the human "superorganism," is a home to trillions of bacteria and serves an essential physiological function in male reproductive failures or infertility. The interaction of the endocrine-immune system and the microbiome facilitates reproduction as a multi-network system. Some recent studies that link gut microbiota to male infertility are questionable. Is the gut-testis axis (GTA) real, and does it affect male infertility? As a result, this review emphasizes the interconnected links between gut health and male reproductive function via changes in gut microbiota. However, a variety of harmful (endocrine disruptors, heavy metals, pollutants, and antibiotics) and favorable (a healthy diet, supplements, and phytoconstituents) elements promote microbiota by causing dysbiosis and symbiosis, respectively, which eventually modify the activities of male reproductive organs and their hormones. The findings of preclinical and clinical studies on the direct and indirect effects of microbiota changes on testicular functions have revealed a viable strategy for exploring the GTA-axis. Although the GTA axis is poorly understood, it may have potential ties to reproductive issues that can be used for therapeutic purposes in the future.},
}
@article {pmid39395500,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhou, J and Bilyera, N and Guillaume, T and Yang, H and Li, FM and Shi, L},
title = {Microbial necromass and glycoproteins for determining soil carbon formation under arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {955},
number = {},
pages = {176732},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176732},
pmid = {39395500},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form symbioses with most terrestrial plants and critically modulate soil organic carbon (C) dynamics. Whether AMF promote soil C storage and stability is, however, largely unknown. Since microbial necromass C (MNC) and glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) are stable microbial-derived C in soils, we therefore evaluated how AMF symbiosis alters both soil C pools and their contributions to soil organic C (SOC) under nitrogen fertilization, based on a 16-weeks mesocosm experiment using a mutant tomato with highly reduced AMF symbiosis. Results showed that SOC content is 4.5 % higher following AMF symbiosis. Additionally, the content of MNC and total GRSP were 47.5 % and 22.3 % higher under AMF symbiosis than at AMF absence, respectively. The accumulations of GRSP and microbial necromass in soil were closely associated with mineral-associated organic C and the abundance of AMF. The increased soil living microbial biomass under AMF symbiosis was mainly derived from AMF biomass, and fungal necromass C significantly contributed to SOC accumulation, as evidenced by the higher fungal:bacterial necromass C ratio under AMF symbiosis. On the contrary, bacterial necromass was degraded to compensate for the increased microbial nutrient demand because of the aggravated nutrient limitation under AMF symbiosis, leading to a decrease in bacterial necromass. Redundancy analysis showing that bacterial necromass was negatively correlated with soil C:N ratio supported this argument. Moreover, the relative change rate of total GRSP was consistently greater in nitrogen-limited soil than that of microbial necromass. Our findings suggested GRSP accumulates faster and contributes more to SOC pools under AMF symbiosis than microbial necromass. The positive correlation between the contributions of GRSP and MNC to SOC further provided valuable information in terms of enhancing our understanding of mechanisms underlying the maintenance of SOC stocks through microbial-derived C.},
}
@article {pmid39395377,
year = {2024},
author = {Ren, Y and Tobin, B and Yang, S and Xu, T and Chen, H and Tang, M},
title = {Brassinosteroids mediate arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis through multiple potential pathways and partial identification in tomato.},
journal = {Microbiological research},
volume = {289},
number = {},
pages = {127924},
doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2024.127924},
pmid = {39395377},
issn = {1618-0623},
abstract = {Currently, little is known regarding the specific processes through which brassinosteroids (BR) affect arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. Understanding this relationship is vital for advancing plant physiology and agricultural applications. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of BR in AM symbiosis. According to the log2 fold change-value and adjP-value, we integrated the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in maize (Zea mays L.) treated with BR and AM, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants deficient in BR receptors, and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants inoculated with AM fungi. In addition, we characterized the symbiotic performance of tomato plants with BR receptor defects and overexpression. The results indicated that the common differential genes induced by BR and AM were involved in metabolic processes, such as cell wall modification, cytoskeleton remodeling, auxin and ethylene signaling, photosynthesis, mineral nutrient transport, and stress defense. Specifically, these include the BR1 gene, which modifies the cell wall. However, the fungal colonization rate of BR receptor-deficient tomato plants was significantly reduced, and the total phosphorus concentration was increased. Conversely, the performance of the overexpressing tomato transformation plants demonstrated a significant contrast. Additionally, the mild rescue of mycorrhizal attenuation in mutants treated with exogenous BR suggests the possibility of direct feedback from BR synthesis to AM. Notably, the cell wall modification gene (SlBR1) and calcium spike gene (SlIPD3) were induced by both BR and AM, suggesting that BR may influence cell penetration during the early stages of AM colonization. Synthesis: Our results demonstrated that BR positively regulates AM symbiosis through multiple pathways. These findings pave the way for future research, including isolation of the individual contributions of each pathway to this complex process and exploration of possible agricultural applications.},
}
@article {pmid39394391,
year = {2024},
author = {Muthusamy Pandian, T and Esakkimuthu, R and Rangasamy, A and Rengasamy, K and Alagesan, S and Devasahayam, JSS},
title = {Exploring the Potential of Bacterial Endophytes in Plant Disease Management.},
journal = {Current microbiology},
volume = {81},
number = {12},
pages = {403},
pmid = {39394391},
issn = {1432-0991},
mesh = {*Endophytes/metabolism/isolation &amp; purification/physiology ; *Bacteria/metabolism/classification/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; *Plant Diseases/microbiology/prevention &amp; control ; Crops, Agricultural/microbiology ; Symbiosis ; Plant Development ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Agriculture/methods ; Plants/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Endophytic bacteria live in the internal tissues of plants, forming symbiotic, mutualistic, commensalistic and trophobiotic relationships. Some are spread via seeds after sprouting from the rhizosphere or phyllosphere. These bacteria capable of promoting plant growth and impart biotic stress by synthesing plant growth hormones, ACC deaminase, organic acids and siderophore. Endophytes aid in phytoremediation by removing soil contaminants and boosting soil fertility via phosphate solubilization and nitrogen fixation. The endophytic microbes are becoming increasingly popular in biotechnological applications which supports sustainable growth of non-food crops for biomass and biofuel. They offer valuable natural materials which is used in medicine, agriculture and industry. Bacterial endophytes are endowed with the enormous potential in the biological treatment of plant pathogens and considered as the superior alternative to synthetic fungicides. The review emphasizes benefits of bacterial endophytes in promoting plant growth and prospects of agricultural applications viz., increasing crop yield under biotic stress condition and their mode of action towards plant diseases. It also summarises the diverse and vital role of endophytes in agroecosystems as well as insights for sustainable agriculture and crop resilience.},
}
@article {pmid39394384,
year = {2024},
author = {El-Speiy, ME and Zeitoun, MM and El-Sawy, MA and Sadaka, TA and Abou-Shehema, BM and Abdella, MM and Shahba, HA and Habib, MR},
title = {Bioactive compounds enrichment in rabbit doe's diet pre-and during pregnancy improves productive and reproductive performance and cost-effectiveness under hot climates.},
journal = {Tropical animal health and production},
volume = {56},
number = {8},
pages = {339},
pmid = {39394384},
issn = {1573-7438},
mesh = {Animals ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Rabbits/physiology ; *Animal Feed/analysis ; *Diet/veterinary ; *Dietary Supplements/analysis ; *Reproduction/drug effects ; Bees/physiology ; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/drug effects ; Pollen/chemistry ; Phoeniceae/chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Desert Climate ; Male ; },
abstract = {This study aimed to investigate the effect of diet supplementation with a symbiotic (SY), bee pollen (BP), honey bee (HB), date palm pollen (DPP) and their mixture (MIX) on female rabbit productive and reproductive performances under desert hot climates. Seventy-two Californian does of 5 months age and average body weight of 3250 ± 78.2 g were randomly allotted into six groups, each of 12 does. All does orally receive 3 ml distilled water for 10 days before mating and 28 days during pregnancy. Treatments were repeated for four consecutive parities. The first group served as control (C) given distilled water only, however the second, third, fourth and fifth groups were supplemented with 3 ml distilled water containing 0.2 ml SY, 200 mg DPP, 200 mg BP, 0.2 ml HB/doe per day, respectively. While, the sixth group does were given all previous ingredients (MIX). Sexual receptivity rate, fertility rate, kindling rate, and newborn traits were recorded. Also, maternal feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and digestibility coefficients of nutrients were recorded. Does in all groups were artificially inseminated with 0.5 ml of fresh heterospermic semen of 15 fertile bucks extended in Tris at 806-1006 sperm/ml. Treatment increased maternal body weight and daily gain with highest values (P < 0.05) in BP, SY, and MIX does. All treatments enhanced feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with control. Number services per conception decreased (P < 0.01), while litter size and weight and survival at birth and weaning increased (P < 0.01) in treated than control does. Treated does produced more milk than control. Digestibility coefficients of all nutrients were improved (P < 0.01) in treated does. In conclusion, supporting rabbit does pre- and during pregnancy with diets supplemented with a mixture of honey bee, date palm pollen, bee pollen, and synbiotic improves the productive and reproductive performances of rabbit does and their offspring.},
}
@article {pmid39394205,
year = {2024},
author = {Pan, W and Wang, X and Ren, C and Jiang, X and Gong, S and Xie, Z and Wong, NK and Li, X and Huang, J and Fan, D and Luo, P and Yang, Y and Ren, X and Yu, S and Qin, Z and Wu, X and Huo, D and Ma, B and Liu, Y and Zhang, X and E, Z and Liang, J and Sun, H and Yuan, L and Liu, X and Cheng, C and Long, H and Li, J and Wang, Y and Hu, C and Chen, T},
title = {Sea cucumbers and their symbiotic microbiome have evolved to feed on seabed sediments.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {8825},
pmid = {39394205},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {42176132//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 41906101//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 2022YFD2401301//Ministry of Science and Technology of the People&apos;s Republic of China (Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology)/ ; 2024A1515010899//Guangdong Science and Technology Department (Science and Technology Department, Guangdong Province)/ ; 2024A1515011418//Guangdong Science and Technology Department (Science and Technology Department, Guangdong Province)/ ; HJWK-2021-21//Shanghai Educational Development Foundation/ ; 2024-MRB-00-001//Administration of Ocean and Fisheries of Guangdong Province/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis ; *Geologic Sediments/microbiology ; *Sea Cucumbers/microbiology/genetics ; *Glycoside Hydrolases/genetics/metabolism ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics/physiology ; Holothuria/microbiology/physiology/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Biological Evolution ; Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; Microbiota/genetics/physiology ; Bacteria/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification ; },
abstract = {Sea cucumbers are predominant deposit feeders in benthic ecosystems, providing protective benefits to coral reefs by reducing disease prevalence. However, how they receive sufficient nutrition from seabed sediments remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate Holothuria leucospilota, an ecologically significant tropical sea cucumber, to elucidate digestive mechanisms underlying marine deposit-feeding. Genomic analysis reveals intriguing evolutionary adaptation characterized by an expansion of digestive carbohydrase genes and a contraction of digestive protease genes, suggesting specialization in digesting microalgae. Developmentally, two pivotal dietary shifts, namely, from endogenous nutrition to planktonic feeding, and from planktonic feeding to deposit feeding, induce changes in digestive tract enzyme profiles, with adults mainly expressing carbohydrases and lipases. A nuanced symbiotic relationship exists between gut microbiota and the host, namely, specific resident bacteria supply crucial enzymes for food digestion, while other bacteria are digested and provide assimilable nutrients. Our study further identifies Holothuroidea lineage-specific lysozymes that are restrictedly expressed in the intestines to support bacterial digestion. Overall, this work advances our knowledge of the evolutionary innovations in the sea cucumber digestive system which enable them to efficiently utilize nutrients from seabed sediments and promote food recycling within marine ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid39393625,
year = {2024},
author = {Jin, G and Jeong, JS and Kim, IH and Kim, Y},
title = {Suppression of a transcriptional regulator, HexA, is essential for triggering the bacterial virulence of the entomopathogen, Xenorhabdus hominickii.},
journal = {Journal of invertebrate pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {108219},
doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2024.108219},
pmid = {39393625},
issn = {1096-0805},
abstract = {A nematode-symbiotic bacterium, Xenorhabdus hominickii, exhibits two distinct lifestyles. Upon infection of its host nematode into a target insect, X. hominickii is released into the insect hemocoel and becomes pathogenic. This study examines the critical transformation in bacterial life forms concerning the activity of a transcriptional regulator, HexA. When X. hominickii was cultured in tryptic soy broth, HexA was expressed during the stationary phase of bacterial growth. Conversely, HexA was expressed in the early growth stage within the insect host, Spodoptera exigua, when infected with X. hominickii. The transient expression of HexA was succeeded by the expression of another transcriptional regulator, Lrp, which led to the production of bacterial virulent factors. Expression of HexA was manipulated by replacing its promoter with an inducible promoter controlled by the inducer, l-arabinose. In the absence of the inducer, the mutant bacteria expressed HexA at a low level, resulting in a bacterial culture broth that was more effective at suppressing insect immune responses than the wild type. When the inducer was added, HexA was expressed at high levels, rendering the culture broth ineffective in immunosuppression. Interestingly, expression of HexA inhibited the expression of another transcriptional regulator, Lrp, which in turn induced the expression of a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, gxpS, leading to the production of an immunosuppressive metabolite, GXP. Suppression of HexA expression in mutant bacteria augmented GXP levels in secondary metabolites. This indicates that infection of X. hominickii into the insect host represses HexA expression and upregulates Lrp expression, leading to GXP production. The GXP metabolites inhibit insect immunity, thus protecting the bacteria-nematode complex. Therefore, the suppression of HexA expression in the insect hemocoel is crucial for the bacteria's transition from a symbiotic to a pathogenic life form.},
}
@article {pmid39393323,
year = {2024},
author = {Azeem, I and Wang, Q and Adeel, M and Shakoor, N and Zain, M and Khan, AA and Li, Y and Azeem, K and Nadeem, M and Zhu, G and Yukui, R},
title = {Assessing the combined impacts of microplastics and nickel oxide nanomaterials on soybean growth and nitrogen fixation potential.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {480},
number = {},
pages = {136062},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136062},
pmid = {39393323},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {The excessive presence of polystyrene microplastic (PS-MPx) and nickel oxide nanomaterials (NiO-NPs) in agriculture ecosystem have gained serious attention about their effect on the legume root-nodule symbiosis and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). However, the impact of these contaminants on the root-nodule symbiosis and biological N2-fixation have been largely overlooked. The current findings highlighted that NiO-NMs at 50 mg kg[-1] improved nodule formation and N2-fixation potential, leading to enhanced N2 uptake by both roots and shoots, resulting in increased plant growth and development. While single exposure of PS-MPx (500 mg kg[-1]) significantly reduced the photosynthetic pigment (8-14 %), phytohormones (9-25 %), nodules biomass (24 %), N2-related enzymes (12-17 %) that ultimately affected the N2-fixation potential. Besides, co-exposure of MPx and NiO at 100 mg kg[-1] altered the nodule morphology. Additionally, single and co-exposure of MPx and NiO-NMs at 100 mg kg[-1] reduced the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Gemmatimonadota, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes is associated with N2-cycling and N2-fixation potential. The findings of this study will contribute to understanding the potential risks posed by MPx and NiO-NMs to leguminous crops in the soil environment and provide scientific insights into the soybean N2-fixation potential.},
}
@article {pmid39388223,
year = {2024},
author = {Alcaraz, CM and Séneca, J and Kunert, M and Pree, C and Sudo, M and Petersen, JM},
title = {Sulfur-oxidizing symbionts colonize the digestive tract of their Lucinid hosts.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae200},
pmid = {39388223},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Like many marine invertebrates, marine lucinid clams have an intimate relationship with beneficial sulfur-oxidizing bacteria located within specialized gill cells known as bacteriocytes. Most previous research has focused on the symbionts in the gills of these (and other) symbiotic bivalves, often assuming that the symbionts only persistently colonize the gills, at least in the adult stage. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and digital polymerase chain reaction with symbiont-specific primers targeting the soxB gene on the foot, mantle, visceral mass, and gills of the lucinid clam Loripes orbiculatus. We also used fluorescence in situ hybridization with symbiont-specific probes to examine symbiont distribution at the level of the whole holobiont. Despite 40 years of research on these symbioses, we detected previously unknown populations of symbiont cells in several organs, including the digestive tract. As in the well-studied gills, symbionts in the digestive tract may be housed within host cells. A 14-month starvation experiment without hydrogen sulfide to power symbiont metabolism caused a larger reduction in symbiont numbers in the gills compared to the visceral mass, raising the possibility that symbionts in the digestive tract are persistent and may have a distinct physiology and role in the symbiosis compared with the gill symbionts. Our results highlight the unexpectedly complex relationships between marine lucinid clams and their symbionts and challenge the view that chemosynthetic symbionts are restricted to the gills of these hosts.},
}
@article {pmid39387588,
year = {2024},
author = {Waller, RF and Carruthers, VB},
title = {Adaptations and metabolic evolution of myzozoan protists across diverse lifestyles and environments.},
journal = {Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0019722},
doi = {10.1128/mmbr.00197-22},
pmid = {39387588},
issn = {1098-5557},
abstract = {SUMMARYMyzozoans encompass apicomplexans and dinoflagellates that manifest diverse lifestyles in highly varied environments. They show enormous propensity to employ different metabolic programs and exploit different nutrient resources and niches, and yet, they share much core biology that underlies this evolutionary success and impact. This review discusses apicomplexan parasites of medical significance and the traits and properties they share with non-pathogenic myzozoans. These include the versatility of myzozoan plastids, which scale from fully photosynthetic organelles to the site of very select key metabolic pathways. Pivotal evolutionary innovations, such as the apical complex, have allowed myzozoans to shift from predatory to parasitic and other symbiotic lifestyles multiple times in both apicomplexan and dinoflagellate branches of the myzozoan evolutionary tree. Such traits, along with shared mechanisms for nutrient acquisition, appear to underpin the prosperity of myzozoans in their varied habitats. Understanding the mechanisms of these shared traits has the potential to spawn new strategic interventions against medically and veterinary relevant parasites within this grouping.},
}
@article {pmid39391716,
year = {2024},
author = {Pisarz, F and Rabbachin, L and Platz, F and Regaiolo, A and Heermann, R},
title = {Lights off - Role of bioluminescence for the biology of the biocontrol agent Photorhabdus luminescens.},
journal = {iScience},
volume = {27},
number = {10},
pages = {110977},
pmid = {39391716},
issn = {2589-0042},
abstract = {Bioluminescence is found across various organisms having crucial functions for biotic interactions and stress adaptation. The only known terrestrial bioluminescent bacteria are entomopathogenic bacteria of the genus Photorhabdus. However, the reason why these bacteria produce light is not understood. P. luminescens exists in two cell forms called primary (1°) and secondary (2°) cells. The 1° cells colonize the nematode symbiosis partner and produce bright light, whereas 2° cells colonize plant roots only emitting weak light. Here we show that bioluminescence is important but not essential for the biology of the bacteria. Deletion of the luxCDABE operon in 1° cells impaired insect pathogenicity and nematode interaction. The complete loss of light of 2° cells resulted in enhanced plant root colonization, enhanced haemolysis, and reduced oxidative stress adaptation. Since bioluminescence is not essential for the survival of the bacteria, P. luminescens Δlux 1° and 2° emerged as useful tools for bioluminescence-based reporter assays.},
}
@article {pmid39391610,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, J and Zhao, Z and Feng, Y and Wang, J and Zong, X and Wang, E},
title = {Rhizobium acaciae and R. anhuiense are the dominant rhizobial symbionts of Pisum sativum L. from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1437586},
pmid = {39391610},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity and geographic distribution of pea-nodulating rhizobia in the subtropical region of Yunnan Province from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.<br><br>METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 615 rhizobial isolates were obtained from root nodules of the trapping plants and characterized genetically and symbiotically. The isolates discriminated into 43 genotypes by PCR-RFLP of IGS DNA. Multiple locus sequence analysis based on 16S rRNA, recA, atpD, dnaK, and rpoB genes placed them into eight clusters corresponding to species R. acaciae, R. anhuiense, R. binae, R. bangladeshense, R. hidalgonense, and three suspected novel populations of Rhizobium genosp. I-III. R. acaciae was the dominant group (52.5%) followed by R. anhuiense (30.7%). The other species were minor groups. Based on nodC phylogeny, all of them were the symbiovar viciae. All the tested strains showed efficient symbiotic N2 fixation on pea plants, in which WLB27, WCB18, and WNY29 presented the best PGP effects. Some of the tested strains had better IAA production, with WCB18 as the best producer (64.556&#x2009;mg/L). Their distribution was mainly affected by soil available phosphorus, available potassium, and effective nitrogen. According to the results of symbiotic effect and resistance tests, strains of WLB27, WCB18, and WNY29 were selected as candidates for creating inoculants.<br><br>DISCUSSION: This suggests that the pea-nodulating rhizobia in Yunnan Province form a unique community. The results gave some novel information about the diversity, diversification, and biogeography of pea-nodulating rhizobia.},
}
@article {pmid39390520,
year = {2024},
author = {Cai, Q and Codjia, JEI and Buyck, B and Cui, YY and Ryberg, M and Yorou, NS and Yang, ZL},
title = {The evolution of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis and host-plant switches are the main drivers for diversification of Amanitaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota).},
journal = {BMC biology},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {230},
pmid = {39390520},
issn = {1741-7007},
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology/genetics ; *Symbiosis ; *Biological Evolution ; *Phylogeny ; Agaricales/genetics/physiology ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Evolutionary radiation is widely recognized as a mode of species diversification, but the drivers of the rapid diversification of fungi remain largely unknown. Here, we used Amanitaceae, one of the most diverse families of macro-fungi, to investigate the mechanism underlying its diversification.<br><br>RESULTS: The ancestral state of the nutritional modes was assessed based on phylogenies obtained from fragments of 36 single-copy genes and stable isotope analyses of carbon and nitrogen. Moreover, a number of time-, trait-, and paleotemperature-dependent models were employed to investigate if the acquisition of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis and climate changes promoted the diversification of Amanitaceae. The results indicate that the evolution of ECM symbiosis has a single evolutionary origin in Amanitaceae. The earliest increase in diversification coincided with the acquisition of the ECM symbiosis with angiosperms in the middle Cretaceous. The recent explosive diversification was primarily triggered by the host-plant switches from angiosperms to the mixed forests dominated by Fagaceae, Salicaceae, and Pinaceae or to Pinaceae.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides a good example of integrating phylogeny, nutritional mode evolution, and ecological analyses for deciphering the mechanisms underlying fungal evolutionary diversification. This study also provides new insights into how the transition to ECM symbiosis has driven the diversification of fungi.},
}
@article {pmid39389705,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhen, Q and Wang, X and Cheng, X and Fang, W},
title = {Remediation of toxic metal and metalloid pollution with plant symbiotic fungi.},
journal = {Advances in applied microbiology},
volume = {129},
number = {},
pages = {171-187},
doi = {10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.04.001},
pmid = {39389705},
issn = {0065-2164},
mesh = {*Plants/microbiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Biodegradation, Environmental ; *Metalloids/metabolism/toxicity ; *Soil Pollutants/metabolism/toxicity ; *Fungi/metabolism/genetics ; *Mycorrhizae/metabolism/physiology ; Endophytes/metabolism/physiology/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; Metals/metabolism/toxicity ; Soil Microbiology ; },
abstract = {Anthropogenic activities have dramatically accelerated the release of toxic metal(loid)s into soil and water, which can be subsequently accumulated in plants and animals, threatening biodiversity, human health, and food security. Compared to physical and chemical remediation, bioremediation of metal(loid)-polluted soil using plants and/or plant symbiotic fungi is usually low-cost and environmentally friendly. Mycorrhizal fungi and endophytic fungi are two major plant fungal symbionts. Mycorrhizal fungi can immobilize metal(loid)s via constitutive mechanisms, including intracellular sequestration with vacuoles and vesicles and extracellular immobilization by cell wall components and extracellular polymeric substances such as glomalin. Mycorrhizal fungi can improve the efficacy of phytoremediation by promoting plant symplast and apoplast pathways. Endophytic fungi also use constitutive cellular components to immobilize metal(loid)s and to reduce the accumulation of metal(loid)s in plants by modifying plant physiological status. However, a specific mechanism for the removal of methylmercury pollution was recently discovered in the endophytic fungi Metarhizium, which could be acquired from bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. In contrast to mycorrhizal fungi that are obligate biotrophs, some endophytic fungi, such as Metarhizium and Trichoderma, can be massively and cost-effectively produced, so they seem to be well-placed for remediation of metal(loid)-polluted soil on a large scale.},
}
@article {pmid39389311,
year = {2024},
author = {Sainz, TP and Sahu, V and Gomez, JA and Dcunha, NJ and Basi, AV and Kettlun, C and Sarami, I and Burks, JK and Sampath, D and Vega, F},
title = {Role of the crosstalk B:neoplastic T follicular helper (TFH) cells in the pathobiology of nodal TFH cell lymphomas.},
journal = {Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {102147},
doi = {10.1016/j.labinv.2024.102147},
pmid = {39389311},
issn = {1530-0307},
abstract = {Angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITL), the most common form of peripheral T cell lymphoma, originates from follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and is notably resistant to current treatments. The disease progression and maintenance, at least in early stages, are driven by a complex interplay between neoplastic Tfh and clusters of B-cells within the tumor microenvironment, mirroring the functional crosstalk observed inside germinal centers. This interaction is further complicated by recurrent mutations, such as TET2 and DNMT3A, which are present in both Tfh cells and B cells. These findings suggest that the symbiotic relationship between these two cell types could represent a therapeutic vulnerability. This review examines the key components and signaling mechanisms involved in the synapses between B cells and Tfh cells, emphasizing their significant role in the pathobiology of AITL and potential as therapeutic targets.},
}
@article {pmid39388764,
year = {2024},
author = {Crouch, LI and Rodrigues, CS and Bakshani, CR and Tavares-Gomes, L and Gaifem, J and Pinho, SS},
title = {The role of glycans in health and disease: Regulators of the interaction between gut microbiota and host immune system.},
journal = {Seminars in immunology},
volume = {73},
number = {},
pages = {101891},
doi = {10.1016/j.smim.2024.101891},
pmid = {39388764},
issn = {1096-3618},
abstract = {The human gut microbiota is home to a diverse collection of microorganisms that has co-evolved with the host immune system in which host-microbiota interactions are essential to preserve health and homeostasis. Evidence suggests that the perturbation of this symbiotic host-microbiome relationship contributes to the onset of major diseases such as chronic inflammatory diseases including Inflammatory Bowel Disease. The host glycocalyx (repertoire of glycans/sugar-chains at the surface of gut mucosa) constitutes a major biological and physical interface between the intestinal mucosa and microorganisms, as well as with the host immune system. Glycans are an essential niche for microbiota colonization and thus an important modulator of host-microorganism interactions both in homeostasis and in disease. In this review, we discuss the role of gut mucosa glycome as an instrumental pathway that regulates host-microbiome interactions in homeostasis but also in health to inflammation transition. We also discuss the power of mucosa glycosylation remodelling as an attractive preventive and therapeutic strategy to preserve gut homeostasis.},
}
@article {pmid39387919,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, H and Xiao, Y},
title = {Contribution of mycorrhizal symbiosis and root strategy to red clover aboveground biomass under nitrogen addition and phosphorus distribution.},
journal = {Mycorrhiza},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39387919},
issn = {1432-1890},
abstract = {Soil nutrients exhibit heterogeneity in their spatial distribution, presenting challenges to plant acquisition. Notably, phosphorus (P) heterogeneity is a characteristic feature of soil, necessitating the development of adaptive strategies by plants to cope with this phenomenon. To address this, fully crossed three-factor experiments were conducted using red clover within rhizoboxes. Positions of P in three conditions, included P even distribution (even P), P close distribution (close P), and P far distribution (far P). Concurrently, N addition was two amounts(0 and 20 mg kg[- 1]), both with and without AMF inoculation. The findings indicated a decrease in aboveground biomass attributable to uneven P distribution, whereas N and AMF demonstrated the potential to affect aboveground biomass. In a structural equation model, AMF primarily increased aboveground biomass by enhancing nodule number and specific leaf area (SLA). In contrast, N addition improved aboveground biomass through increased nodule number or direct effects. Subsequently, a random forest model indicated that under the far P treatment, fine root length emerged as the primary factor affecting aboveground biomass, followed by thickest root length. Conversely, in the even P treatment, the thickest root length was of paramount importance. In summary, when confronted with uneven P distribution, clover plants adopted various root foraging strategies. AMF played a pivotal role in elevating nodule number, and SLA.},
}
@article {pmid39386759,
year = {2024},
author = {Kumazawa, M and Ifuku, K},
title = {Unraveling the evolutionary trajectory of LHCI in red-lineage algae: Conservation, diversification, and neolocalization.},
journal = {iScience},
volume = {27},
number = {10},
pages = {110897},
pmid = {39386759},
issn = {2589-0042},
abstract = {Red algae and the secondary symbiotic algae that engulfed a red alga as an endosymbiont are called red-lineage algae. Several photosystem (PS) I-light-harvesting complex I (LHCI) structures have been reported from red-lineage algae-two red algae Cyanidioschyzon merolae (Cyanidiophyceae) and Porphyridium purpureum (Rhodophytina), a diatom, and a Cryptophyte. Here, we clarified the orthologous relation of LHCIs by combining a detailed phylogenetic analysis and the structural information of PSI-LHCI. We found that the seven Lhcr groups in LHCI are conserved in Rhodophytina; furthermore, during both genome reduction in Cyanidioschyzonales and endosymbiosis leading to Cryptophyta, some LHCIs were lost and replaced by existing or differentiated LHCIs. We denominate "neolocalization" to these examples of flexible reorganization of LHCIs. This study provides insights into the evolutionary process of LHCIs in red-lineage algae and clarifies the need for both molecular phylogeny and structural information to elucidate the plausible evolutionary history of LHCI.},
}
@article {pmid39386430,
year = {2024},
author = {Smith, S and Bongrand, C and Lawhorn, S and Ruby, EG and Septer, AN},
title = {Application of hsp60 amplicon sequencing to characterize microbial communities associated with juvenile and adult Euprymna scolopes squid.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2024.09.23.614625},
pmid = {39386430},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {The symbiotic relationship between Vibrio (Aliivibrio) fischeri and the Hawaiian bobtail squid, Euprymna scolopes , serves as a key model for understanding host-microbe interactions. Traditional culture-based methods have primarily isolated V. fischeri from the light organs of wild-caught squid, yet culture-independent analyses of this symbiotic microbiome remain limited. This study aims to enhance species-level resolution of bacterial communities associated with E. scolopes using hsp60 amplicon sequencing. We validated our hsp60 sequencing approach using pure cultures and mixed bacterial populations, demonstrating its ability to distinguish V. fischeri from other closely-related vibrios and the possibility of using this approach for strain-level diversity with further optimization. This approach was applied to whole-animal juvenile squid exposed to either seawater or a clonal V. fischeri inoculum, as well as ventate samples and light organ cores from wild-caught adults. V. fischeri accounted for the majority of the identifiable taxa for whole-animal juvenile samples and comprised 94%-99% of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) for adult light organ core samples, confirming that V. fischeri is the dominant, if not sole, symbiont typically associated with E. scolopes light organs. In one ventate sample, V. fischeri comprised 82% of reads, indicating the potential for non-invasive community assessments using this approach. Analysis of non- V. fischeri ASVs revealed that Bradyrhizobium spp . and other members of the Rhodobacterales order are conserved across juvenile and adult samples. These findings provide insight into the presence of additional microbial associations with the squid host tissue outside of the light organ that have not been previously detected through traditional culture methods.},
}
@article {pmid39384701,
year = {2024},
author = {Lafont, R and Dinan, L},
title = {Insect Sterols and Steroids.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39384701},
issn = {0065-2598},
abstract = {Insects are incapable of biosynthesising sterols de novo so they need to obtain them from their diets or, in certain cases, from symbiotic microorganisms. Sterols serve a structural role in cellular membranes and act as precursors for signalling molecules and defence compounds. Many phytophagous insects dealkylate phytosterols to yield primarily cholesterol, which is also the main sterol that carnivorous and omnivorous insects obtain in their diets. Some phytophagous species have secondarily lost the capacity to dealkylate and consequently use phytosterols for structural and functional roles. The polyhydroxylated steroid hormones of insects, the ecdysteroids, are derived from cholesterol (or phytosterols in non-dealkylating phytophagous species) and regulate many crucial aspects of insect development and reproduction by means of precisely regulated titres resulting from controlled synthesis, storage and further metabolism/excretion. Ecdysteroids differ significantly from vertebrate steroid hormones in their chemical, biochemical and biological properties. Defensive steroids (cardenolides, bufadienolides, cucurbitacins and ecdysteroids) can be accumulated from host plants or biosynthesised within the insect, depending on species, stored in significant amounts in the insect and released when it is attacked. Other allelochemical steroids serve as pheromones. Vertebrate-type steroids have also been conclusively identified from insect sources, but debate continues about their significance. Side chain dealkylation of phytosterols, ecdysteroid metabolism and ecdysteroid mode of action are targets of potential insect control strategies.},
}
@article {pmid39384285,
year = {2024},
author = {Vishwakarma, K and Buckley, S and Plett, JM and Lundberg-Felten, J and Jämtgård, S and Plett, KL},
title = {Pisolithus microcarpus isolates with contrasting abilities to colonise Eucalyptus grandis exhibit significant differences in metabolic signalling.},
journal = {Fungal biology},
volume = {128},
number = {7},
pages = {2157-2166},
doi = {10.1016/j.funbio.2024.09.001},
pmid = {39384285},
issn = {1878-6146},
mesh = {*Eucalyptus/microbiology/metabolism ; *Plant Roots/microbiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Mycorrhizae/metabolism/physiology ; Basidiomycota/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Metabolome ; },
abstract = {Biotic factors in fungal exudates impact plant-fungal symbioses establishment. Mutualistic ectomycorrhizal fungi play various ecological roles in forest soils by interacting with trees. Despite progress in understanding secreted fungal signals, dynamics of signal production in situ before or during direct host root contact remain unclear. We need to better understand how variability in intra-species fungal signaling at these stages impacts symbiosis with host tissues. Using the ECM model Pisolithus microcarpus, we selected two isolates (Si9 and Si14) with different abilities to colonize Eucalyptus grandis roots. Hypothesizing that distinct early signalling and metabolite profiles between these isolates would influence colonization and symbiosis, we used microdialysis to non-destructively collect secreted metabolites from either the fungus, host, or both, capturing the dynamic interplay of pre-symbiotic signalling over 48 hours. Our findings revealed significant differences in metabolite profiles between Si9 and Si14, grown alone or with a host root. Si9, with lower colonization efficiency than Si14, secreted a more diverse range of compounds, including lipids, oligopeptides, and carboxylic acids. In contrast, Si14's secretions, similar to the host's, included more aminoglycosides. This study emphasizes the importance of intra-specific metabolomic diversity in ectomycorrhizal fungi, suggesting that early metabolite secretion is crucial for establishing successful mutualistic relationships.},
}
@article {pmid39384161,
year = {2024},
author = {Iwai, S},
title = {A simple model and rules for the evolution of microbial mutualistic symbiosis with positive fitness feedbacks.},
journal = {Theoretical population biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tpb.2024.09.002},
pmid = {39384161},
issn = {1096-0325},
abstract = {The evolution of microbe-microbe mutualistic symbiosis is considered to be promoted by repeated exchanges of fitness benefits, which can generate positive fitness feedbacks ('partner fidelity feedback') between species. However, previous evolutionary models for mutualism have not captured feedback dynamics or coupling of fitness between species. Here, a simple population model is developed to understand the evolution of mutualistic symbiosis in which two microbial species (host and symbiont) continuously grow and exchange fitness benefits to generate feedback dynamics but do not strictly control each other. The assumption that individual microbes provide constant amounts of resources, which are equally divided among interacting partner individual, enables us to reveal a simple rule for the evolution of costly mutualism with positive fitness feedbacks: the product of the benefit-to-cost ratios for each species exceeds one. When this condition holds, high cooperative investment levels are favored in both species regardless of the amount invested by each partner. The model is then extended to examine how symbiont mutation, immigration, or switching affects the spread of selfish or cooperative symbionts, which decrease and increase their investment levels, respectively. In particular, when a host associates with numerous symbionts without enforcement, neither mutation nor immigration but rather random switching would allow the spread of cooperative symbionts. Examples using symbiont switching for evolution would include large ciliates hosting numerous intracellular endosymbionts. The simple model and rules would provide a basis for understanding the evolution of microbe-microbe mutualistic symbiosis with positive fitness feedbacks and without enforcement mechanisms.},
}
@article {pmid39383364,
year = {2024},
author = {Santos, VJD and Barros, G and Moreira, TF and Giovenardi, AR and Magalhães, JB and Steffen, GPK and Stürmer, SL and Silva, RFD},
title = {Occurrence and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis - Aquifoliaceae) cultivation environments.},
journal = {Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia},
volume = {84},
number = {},
pages = {e282738},
doi = {10.1590/1519-6984.282738},
pmid = {39383364},
issn = {1678-4375},
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/classification/physiology ; *Ilex paraguariensis/microbiology/chemistry ; *Biodiversity ; Soil Microbiology ; Brazil ; Phosphorus/analysis ; },
abstract = {Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) represents a culture of economic, social, and ecological importance for the cultivation regions. Due to the chemical, physical, and biological variations that occur in the different soils where yerba mate is economically exploited, the symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) guarantee the plant's ability to absorb nutrients. The purpose of this study was to identify and quantify the occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in different environments of yerba mate cultivation. The research was performed in four areas located in the rural area of the municipality of Seberi/RS: Environment with production of yerba mate in the conventional system, silvopastoral system, organic system, and native forest. The normality of residuals and homogeneity of variances assumptions were verified using the Lilliefors and Chi-square tests and the averages compared by the Tukey's test at 5% probability of error. In addition to calculations of diversity, equivalent species, and evenness indices. The presence of AMF spores showed a direct relationship with the phosphorus (P) availability in each treatment, with a count reduction in the organic system, with P content lower than 3 mg kg-1 of soil. The species with the highest predominance were the Acaulosporaceae (Acaulospora colombiana, A. delicata, and A. tuberculata), followed by the Glomaceae (Glomus ambisporum and Glomus pansihalos) in the conventional and silvopastoral systems. The silvopastoral and conventional systems showed the highest levels of Shannon-Weaver diversity (H') and Pielou's evenness, demonstrating greater diversity and consequently greater richness and uniformity.},
}
@article {pmid39382706,
year = {2024},
author = {Solans, M and Tadey, M and Messuti, MI and Cortada, A and Zambrano, VL and Riádigos, E and Wall, LG and Scervino, JM},
title = {Do Streptomyces sp. Help Mycorrhization in Raspberry?.},
journal = {Current microbiology},
volume = {81},
number = {11},
pages = {399},
pmid = {39382706},
issn = {1432-0991},
support = {PIP 1220170100235CO//CONICET/ ; PIP 2021-2023//CONICET/ ; (04/B256)//UNComahue/ ; 04/B253//UNComahue/ ; PICT-2021-I-GRF2//FONCyT/ ; PICT 2021-01283//FONCyt/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Rubus/microbiology/growth &amp; development ; *Streptomyces/metabolism/growth &amp; development/physiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Soil Microbiology ; Argentina ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Actinobacteria may help the mycorrhizal symbiosis by producing various bioactive metabolites. Mycorrhizae, in turn, are very important since they increase the absorption of nutrients, promoting the growth of their host plant and making inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AM) a common practice applied in agriculture and forestry. The cultivation of Rubus idaeus (raspberry) is widespread in Patagonia, Argentina; however, the potential benefits of using actinobacteria-mycorrhizal inoculums to enhance crop growth and yield remain unexplored. The objective of this work was to study the interaction between actinobacteria (Streptomyces, Actinomycetota) and AM in raspberry plants. We performed an experiment applying 4 treatments to raspberry plants growing in two substrates, sterile soil and natural (non-sterile) soil. The treatments consisted in a control (without inoculation) and three inoculations treatments (AM, Streptomyces SH9 strain, and AM + Streptomyces). After 3 months of inoculation, mycorrhization parameters (%) and plant growth were recorded. When comparing both substrates, the mycorrhization parameters were higher in natural soil than in sterile soil. The co-inoculation with AM + Streptomyces SH9 showed the highest mycorrhization. Both factors (treatment x substrate) interacted showing that in sterile soil the treatments with the highest effect on mycorrhization parameters were AM and the co-inoculation, while in natural soil all inoculations improved mycorrhization parameters, being highest with the co-inoculation. These results show that Streptomyces SH9 strain helps the mycorrhizal symbiosis in raspberry, being the first report about the effect of a native rhizospheric actinobacterium on an economically important species, promising potential for environmentally friendly improvements in raspberry crops within the temperate Southern Patagonian region.},
}
@article {pmid39381924,
year = {2024},
author = {Marques, A},
title = {Pulmonary rehabilitation and family/friend caregivers: the hidden reciprocal relationship improving outcomes in chronic respiratory diseases.},
journal = {Expert review of respiratory medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-13},
doi = {10.1080/17476348.2024.2407812},
pmid = {39381924},
issn = {1747-6356},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The experiences and needs of living with chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) can be overwhelming. Individuals often rely on informal care for daily assistance and having a family/friend caregiver has been associated with better health outcomes. Nevertheless, family/friend caregivers frequently feel alone and unsupported. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) leads to multidimensional benefits across CRD and individuals have suggested improvements for PR. Family/friend caregivers highly support PR in practical and psychosocial ways and have identified this intervention as an opportunity to be supported. This reciprocal relationship between PR and the family/friend caregivers has been scarcely explored and its importance for the management of CRD is poorly understood.<br><br>AREAS COVERED: This perspective synthesizes the experiences and needs of living with CRD from the perspective of people with CRD and their family/friend caregivers; and proposes a vision of a reciprocal/symbiotic relationship, through PR, for optimizing care for people with CRD and their caregivers.<br><br>EXPERT OPINION: A deeper understanding/recognition of the extensiveness and somewhat overlap of the experiences and unmet needs of individuals with CRD and their family/friend caregivers; and of the reciprocal/symbiotic relationship between PR and the family/friend caregivers might be important to optimizing management and, ultimately, individuals and caregivers' outcomes in CRD.},
}
@article {pmid39381622,
year = {2024},
author = {Feng, Y and Kong, L and Zheng, R and Wu, X and Zhou, J and Xu, X and Liu, S},
title = {Adjusted bacterial cooperation in anammox community to adapt to high ammonium in wastewater treatment plant.},
journal = {Water research X},
volume = {25},
number = {},
pages = {100258},
pmid = {39381622},
issn = {2589-9147},
abstract = {Bacterial cooperation is very important for anammox bacteria which perform low-carbon and energy-efficient nitrogen removal, yet its variation to adapt to high NH4 [+]-N concentration in actual wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) remains unclear. Here, we found wide and varied cross-feedings of anammox bacteria and symbiotic bacteria in the two series connected full-scale reactors with different NH4 [+]-N concentrations (297.95 ± 54.84 and 76.03 ± 34.01 mg/L) treating sludge digester liquor. The uptake of vitamin B6 as highly effective antioxidants secreted by the symbiotic bacteria was beneficial for anammox bacteria to resist the high NH4 [+]-N concentration and varied dissolved oxygen (DO). When NH4 [+]-N concentration in influent (1785.46 ± 228.5 mg/L) increased, anammox bacteria tended to reduce the amino acids supply to symbiotic bacteria to save metabolic costs. A total of 26.1% bacterial generalists switched to specialists to increase the stability and functional heterogeneity of the microbial community at high NH4 [+]-N conditions. V/A-type ATPase for anammox bacteria to adapt to the change of NH4 [+]-N was highly important to strive against cellular alkalization caused by free ammonia. This study expands the understanding of the adjusted bacterial cooperation within anammox consortia at high NH4 [+]-N conditions, providing new insights into bacterial adaptation to adverse environments from a sociomicrobiology perspective.},
}
@article {pmid39380678,
year = {2024},
author = {Qiu, HY and Lv, QB and Wang, CR and Ju, H and Luo, CF and Liu, SS and Na, MH and Chang, QC and Jiang, JF},
title = {Microbiota profile in organs of the horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) in Northeastern China.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1467875},
pmid = {39380678},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Tabanids, commonly known as horseflies and belonging to the family Tabanidae, are blood-feeding arthropods (BFA) found worldwide. They are known for their ability to mechanically and biologically transmit various animal pathogens. Tabanids are potential vectors for diseases such as Francisella tularensis, Anaplasma marginale, Theileria spp., and contributors to lumpy skin diseases. Despite their involvement in common BFA studies, tabanids have not been extensively explored in microbiome research. In this study, the microbiota structure and composition in various organs of four distinct genera of tabanids: Atylotus, Haematopota, Tabanus, and Hybomitra were examined. High-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was performed to gain insights into the microbial communities associated with the different tabanid species. Result display that microbiota composition and diversity, including Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, varied significantly among the different organs, with the ovaries exhibiting significantly higher diversity. Apart from the Haematopota genus, Tenericutes were enriched in the midgut of other tabanid species, whereas the Malpighian tubules exhibited a higher abundance of Bacteroides. Notably, the ovarian microbiota structure was conserved among the four tabanid species, indicating its potential association with reproductive development. Evaluation of the potential pathogen risk revealed putative pathogens in over 100 genera associated with these tabanid commensal organisms. Twenty genera were annotated as zoonotic agents with a high abundance of Citrobacter and Brucella, highlighting the presence of this important group of zoonotic pathogens. Functional predictions of vector-microbiota interactions indicate that microbiota significantly affects vector biological traits and can influence pathogen transmission via direct interactions or by regulating host immunity and nutrition. For the first time, the distribution characteristics and functions of four genera of horsefly microbiota were analyzed, revealing the presence of multiple potential pathogenic microorganisms. These findings provide valuable insights for future research and the development of symbiotic-based strategies to control insect-borne diseases among tabanids.},
}
@article {pmid39380437,
year = {2024},
author = {Fu, JX and Jiao, J and Gai, QY and Fu, YJ and Zhang, ZY and Gao, J and Wang, XQ},
title = {Enhanced Accumulation of Health-Promoting Cajaninstilbene Acid in Pigeon Pea Hairy Root Cultures Cocultured with an Endophytic Fungus during Early Stages of Colonization.},
journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jafc.4c06629},
pmid = {39380437},
issn = {1520-5118},
abstract = {Endophytic fungi can effectively regulate the biosynthesis of health-beneficial metabolites in plants. However, few studies have revealed how the accumulation of host metabolites varies during interactions with endophytic fungi. Here, pigeon pea hairy root cultures (PPHRCs) were cocultured with an endophytic fungus Penicillium rubens to explore the impact on the biosynthesis and accumulation of cajaninstilbene acid (CSA). The results showed that CSA accumulation in PPHRCs increased significantly (15.29-fold) during the early stages of P. rubens colonization (fungal attachment and invasion phases). Once P. rubens successfully colonized the intercellular gap of hairy roots to form a symbiotic relationship, the CSA levels in PPHRCs decreased drastically. Moreover, P. rubens could be recognized by plant pattern recognition receptors that regulate immunity/symbiosis, triggering the expression of genes related to pathogenesis, CSA biosynthesis, and ABC transporter. Overall, P. rubens could enhance the accumulation of health-promoting CSA in PPHRCs during the early stages of colonization.},
}
@article {pmid39380028,
year = {2024},
author = {Bollati, E and Hughes, DJ and Suggett, DJ and Raina, JB and Kühl, M},
title = {Microscale sampling of the coral gastrovascular cavity reveals a gut-like microbial community.},
journal = {Animal microbiome},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {55},
pmid = {39380028},
issn = {2524-4671},
abstract = {Animal guts contain numerous microbes, which are critical for nutrient assimilation and pathogen defence. While corals and other Cnidaria lack a true differentiated gut, they possess semi-enclosed gastrovascular cavities (GVCs), where vital processes such as digestion, reproduction and symbiotic exchanges take place. The microbiome harboured in GVCs is therefore likely key to holobiont fitness, but remains severely understudied due to challenges of working in these small compartments. Here, we developed minimally invasive methodologies to sample the GVC of coral polyps and characterise the microbial communities harboured within. We used glass capillaries, low dead volume microneedles, or nylon microswabs to sample the gastrovascular microbiome of individual polyps from six species of corals, then applied low-input DNA extraction to characterise the microbial communities from these microliter volume samples. Microsensor measurements of GVCs revealed anoxic or hypoxic micro-niches, which persist even under prolonged illumination with saturating irradiance. These niches harboured microbial communities enriched in putatively microaerophilic or facultatively anaerobic taxa, such as Epsilonproteobacteria. Some core taxa found in the GVC of Lobophyllia hemprichii from the Great Barrier Reef were also detected in conspecific colonies held in aquaria, indicating that these associations are unlikely to be transient. Our findings suggest that the coral GVC is chemically and microbiologically similar to the gut of higher Metazoa. Given the importance of gut microbiomes in mediating animal health, harnessing the coral "gut microbiome" may foster novel active interventions aimed at increasing the resilience of coral reefs to the climate crisis.},
}
@article {pmid39379752,
year = {2024},
author = {Obayashi, K and Kodama, Y},
title = {Dynamics of digestive vacuole differentiation clarified by the observation of living Paramecium bursaria.},
journal = {Protoplasma},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39379752},
issn = {1615-6102},
support = {23H02529//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; SDGs Research Project//Shimane University/ ; },
abstract = {Paramecium bursaria is a ciliate species that has a symbiotic relationship with Chlorella spp. This study aimed to elucidate the dynamics of digestive vacuole (DV) differentiation in P. bursaria, using yeast stained with a pH indicator. Previously, DV differentiation in P. bursaria has been classified into eight periods based on fixed-cell observations. However, to understand the behavior and physiology of P. bursaria in its natural state, it is essential to observe living cells. This study presented a novel method using Cornig® Cell-Tak™ to immobilize living P. bursaria cells, which enabled long-term observation of the same cell from the same direction. This technique allowed for real-time observation of DV differentiation, including the relationship between changes in the internal pH of DV and the diameter of DV, yeast budding from the DV membrane by a single cell into the cytoplasm, and separation of a DV containing multiple yeasts into two DVs. This study provides new insights into the dynamic process of DV differentiation in P. bursaria. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying the symbiotic relationship between the two organisms and shed light on the complex process of intracellular digestion in ciliates.},
}
@article {pmid39378591,
year = {2024},
author = {Fan, W and Wei, B and Zhu, Y and Lu, X and Wang, Q and Zhao, S and Jia, W},
title = {Deciphering anammox response characteristics and potential mechanisms to polyethylene terephthalate microplastic exposure.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {480},
number = {},
pages = {136044},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136044},
pmid = {39378591},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {Microplastics (MPs) are frequently detected in the wastewater. Herein, the short-term and long-term effects of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) MPs on anammox granular sludge were investigated and the potential response mechanisms were analyzed. Results showed that although short-term exposure of anammox granular sludge to PET-MPs induced a stress response, the nitrogen removal performance was not significantly affected. By contrast, long-term exposure to PET-MPs inhibited nitrogen removal performance with increased exposure time and PET-MP concentration. The total nitrogen removal efficiency (TNRE) decreased by 28.7 % when sludge was exposed to 200 mg/L of PET-MPs. However, the anammox activity recovered with prolonged operation time, and approximately 87 % of the initial TNRE was recovered after three months. Microbial community evolution and metabolic exchange variations were the potential response mechanisms of anammox granular sludge to PET-MP exposure, with PET-MP exposure decreasing the anammox bacteria growth rate and relative symbiotic bacterial abundance in the anammox consortia and hindering cross-feeding pathways. The findings of this study provide novel insight into anammox behavior when treating wastewater containing PET-MPs.},
}
@article {pmid39376799,
year = {2024},
author = {Hathnagoda, R and Gunathilake, P and Buddhinee, T and Welgama, P and Gunarathna, H and Perera, H and Ranasinghe, K},
title = {Diversity and Species Composition of Midgut Symbiotic Bacteria in Culex quinquefasciatus Mosquitoes in Gampaha District, Sri Lanka.},
journal = {Journal of tropical medicine},
volume = {2024},
number = {},
pages = {1832200},
pmid = {39376799},
issn = {1687-9686},
abstract = {Mosquitoes, notorious for their deadly impact as disease vectors, also hold economic value owing to their roles in disease transmission. The present study focuses on the importance of understanding mosquito gut microbiota for implementing innovative vector control strategies, thereby mitigating disease transmission. The study was conducted in the Gampaha Medical Office of Health (MOH) area of Sri Lanka with the focus of elucidating the microbial diversity within the midgut of Culex quinquefasciatus, a crucial step to support ongoing paratransgenesis efforts. Sampling was performed by utilizing standard mosquito sampling techniques and their midgut homogenates were plated on Plate Count Agar to isolate bacteria, which were then identified through biochemical tests. Subsequently, the most abundant bacterial families were subjected to DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and gene sequencing for species identification. The study revealed the presence of four bacterial families (Staphylococcaceae, Streptococcaceae, Neisseriaceae, and Moraxellaceae) in adult mosquitoes, while larvae harbored an additional family, Micrococcaceae. Interestingly, the relative distribution of midgut bacteria varied significantly among field-caught larval and adult strains from different study areas (chi-square = 1.673; P < 0.05), indicating similar bacterial flora across mosquito life stages and geographical locations. Of particular interest is the identification of Lysinibacillus sphaericus, a bacterium with potential for paratransgenesis applications. Given the high mosquito density in the study area, leveraging paratransgenesis for Cx. quinquefasciatus control is recommended. Furthermore, insights into gut microbes could inform the integration of gut microflora from modified strains into existing Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) and Incompatible Insect Technique (IIT) approaches in Sri Lanka.},
}
@article {pmid39375473,
year = {2024},
author = {Ikeda, M and Yamazaki, A and Ohmori, K and Chiang, HW and Shen, CC and Watanabe, T},
title = {Regime shift of skeletal δ[13]C after 1997/1998 El Nino event in Porites coral from Green Island, Taiwan.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {23332},
pmid = {39375473},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*Anthozoa/metabolism/physiology ; Animals ; Taiwan ; *Oxygen Isotopes/analysis ; *Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; *El Nino-Southern Oscillation ; Pacific Ocean ; Temperature ; Islands ; Coral Reefs ; },
abstract = {The 1997/1998 El Niño event caused mass coral bleaching and mortality in many tropical and subtropical regions, including corals on Green Island, Taiwan, in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. This study analyzed coral carbon isotope ratios (δ[13]C), oxygen isotope ratios (δ[18]O), and Sr/Ca ratios for 29 years, including the 1997/1998 El Niño period, to examine how high water temperature events are recorded in coral geochemical indicators. Sr/Ca ratios in coral skeletons from Green Island show the lowest peak, means the highest temperature during the 1997/1998 El Niño period. However, we couldn't observe high-temperature events on δ[18]O. Furthermore, a negative δ[13]C shift was observed after El Niño events. The regime shift of δ[13]C might have been caused by temporal bleaching and/or a decrease in symbiotic algae due to high water temperature stress under the continuous decrease in δ[13]C in DIC due to the Suess effect.},
}
@article {pmid39375020,
year = {2024},
author = {Garritano, AN and Zhang, Z and Jia, Y and Allen, MA and Hill, LJ and Kuzhiumparambil, U and Hinkley, C and Raina, JB and Peixoto, RS and Thomas, T},
title = {Simple Porifera holobiont reveals complex interactions between the host, an archaeon, a bacterium, and a phage.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae197},
pmid = {39375020},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {The basal metazoan phylum, Porifera (sponges), is increasingly used as a model to investigate ecological and evolutionary features of microbe-animal symbioses. However, sponges often host complex microbiomes, which has hampered our understanding of their interactions with their microbial symbionts. Here, we describe the discovery and characterisation of the simplest sponge holobiont reported to date, consisting of the deep-sea glass sponge Aphrocalistes beatrix and two newly described microbial symbionts: an autotrophic ammonia-oxidising archaeon and a bacterial heterotroph. Omics analyses and metabolic modelling revealed the dependency of the ammonia-oxidising archaea on sponge-derived ammonia to drive primary production, which in turn supports the bacterium's growth by providing the dicarboxylate fumarate. Furthermore, virus-mediated archaeal lysis appears crucial to overcome the bacterium's vitamin B12 auxotrophy. These findings reveal that the exchange of vitamin B12 and dicarboxylate may be evolutionarily conserved features of symbiosis as they can also be found in interactions between free-living marine bacteria, and between microbes and plants or diatoms.},
}
@article {pmid39375012,
year = {2024},
author = {Cai, T and Nadal-Jimenez, P and Gao, Y and Arai, H and Li, C and Su, C and King, KC and He, S and Li, J and Hurst, GDD and Wan, H},
title = {Insecticide susceptibility in a planthopper pest increases following inoculation with cultured Arsenophonus.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae194},
pmid = {39375012},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Facultative vertically transmitted symbionts are a common feature of insects that determine many aspects of their hosts' phenotype. Our capacity to understand and exploit these symbioses is commonly compromised by the microbes unculturability and consequent lack of genetic tools, an impediment of particular significance for symbioses of pest and vector species. Previous work had established that insecticide susceptibility of the economically important pest of rice, the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens, was higher in field-collected lineages that carry Ca. Arsenophonus nilaparvatae. We established Ca. A. nilaparvatae into cell-free culture and used this to establish the complete closed genome of the symbiont. We transformed the strain to express GFP and reintroduced it to N. lugens to track infection in vivo. The symbiont established vertical transmission, generating a discrete infection focus towards the posterior pole of each N. lugens oocyte. This infection focus was retained in early embryogenesis before transition to a diffuse somatic infection in late N. lugens embryos and nymphs. We additionally generated somatic infection in novel host species, but these did not establish vertical transmission. Transinfected planthopper lines acquired the insecticide sensitivity trait, with associated downregulation of the P450 xenobiotic detoxification system of the host. Our results causally establish the role of the symbiont in increasing host insecticide sensitivity with implications for insecticide use and stewardship. Further, the culturability and transformation of this intracellular symbiont, combined with its ease of reintroduction to planthopper hosts, enables novel approaches both for research into symbiosis and into control of insect pest species.},
}
@article {pmid39374864,
year = {2024},
author = {Davidson-Lowe, E and Zainuddin, N and Trase, O and McCarthy, N and Ali, JG},
title = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influence belowground interactions between a specialist root-feeder and its natural enemy.},
journal = {Journal of invertebrate pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {108200},
doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2024.108200},
pmid = {39374864},
issn = {1096-0805},
abstract = {As primary producers, plants play a central role in mediating interactions across trophic levels. Although plants are the primary food source for herbivorous insects, they can protect themselves from herbivore damage. Many plants produce toxic compounds that directly reduce herbivore feeding, but plants also protect themselves indirectly by attracting natural enemies of the attacking herbivore through volatile signaling. These so-called tri-trophic interactions have historically been documented aboveground in aerial plant parts but are also known to occur belowground in root systems. In addition to herbivores, plants directly interact with other organisms, which can influence the outcomes of tri-trophic interactions. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are symbiotic soil microbes that colonize the roots of plants and facilitate nutrient uptake. These microbes can alter plant chemistry and subsequent resistance to herbivores. Few studies, however, have shown how AMF affect tri-trophic interactions above- or belowground. This study examines how AMF colonization affects the emission of root volatiles when plants are under attack by western corn rootworm, a problematic pest of corn, and subsequent attraction of entomopathogenic nematodes, a natural enemy of western corn rootworm. Mycorrhizal fungi increased rootworm survival but decreased larval weight. Differences were detected across root volatile profiles, but there was not a clear link between volatile signaling and nematode behavior. Nematodes were more attracted to non-mycorrhizal plants without rootworms and AMF alone in soil, suggesting that AMF may interfere with cues that are used in combination with volatiles which nematodes use to locate prey.},
}
@article {pmid39374750,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhao, A and Li, J and Gao, P and Tang, P and Liu, T and Zhang, X and Liu, X and Chen, C and Zhang, Z and Zheng, Z},
title = {Insight into the responses of the anammox granular sludge system to tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) during chip wastewater treatment.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {120099},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2024.120099},
pmid = {39374750},
issn = {1096-0953},
abstract = {Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), an extensively utilized photoresist developer, is frequently present in ammonium-rich wastewater from semiconductor manufacturing, and its substantial ecotoxicity should not be underestimated. This study systematically investigated the effects of TMAH on the anammox granular sludge (AnGS) system and elucidated its inhibitory mechanisms. The results demonstrated that the median inhibitory concentration of TMAH for anammox was 84.85 mg/L. The nitrogen removal performance of the system was significantly decreased after long-term exposure to TMAH (0 - 200 mg/L) for 30 days (p < 0.05), but it showed adaptability to certain concentrations (≤ 50 mg/L). Concurrently, the stability of the granules decreased dramatically, resulting in the breakdown of AnGS. Further investigations indicated that TMAH exposure increased the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances but weakened their defense function. The increase in reactive oxygen species resulted in damage to the cell membrane. Reduced activity of anammox bacteria, impeded electron transfer, and changes in enzyme activity suggested that TMAH affected the metabolic activity. Microbiological analysis revealed that TMAH caused a decrease in the abundance of anammox bacteria and a weakening of symbiotic interactions within the microbial community. These results provide valuable guidance for the AnGS system application in chip wastewater treatment.},
}
@article {pmid39374006,
year = {2024},
author = {Thaggard, GC and Kankanamalage, BKPM and Park, KC and Lim, J and Quetel, MA and Naik, M and Shustova, NB},
title = {Switching from Molecules to Functional Materials: Breakthroughs in Photochromism With MOFs.},
journal = {Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2410067},
doi = {10.1002/adma.202410067},
pmid = {39374006},
issn = {1521-4095},
support = {DMR-2103722//NSF/ ; DGE-2034711//National Science Foundation's Graduate Research Fellowship/ ; //the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation/ ; //Institute of Advanced Study at the Technical University of Munich/ ; //the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Photochromic materials with properties that can be dynamically tailored as a function of external stimuli are a rapidly expanding field driven by applications in areas ranging from molecular computing, nanotechnology, or photopharmacology to programable heterogeneous catalysis. Challenges arise, however, when translating the rapid, solution-like response of stimuli-responsive moieties to solid-state materials due to the intermolecular interactions imposed through close molecular packing in bulk solids. As a result, the integration of photochromic compounds into synthetically programable porous matrices, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), has come to the forefront as an emerging strategy for photochromic material development. This review highlights how the core principles of reticular chemistry (on the example of MOFs) play a critical role in the photochromic material performance, surpassing the limitations previously observed in solution or solid state. The symbiotic relationship between photoresponsive compounds and porous frameworks with a focus on how reticular synthesis creates avenues toward tailorable photoisomerization kinetics, directional energy and charge transfer, switchable gas sorption, and synergistic chromophore communication is discussed. This review not only focuses on the recent cutting-edge advancements in photochromic material development, but also highlights novel, vital-to-pursue pathways for multifaceted functional materials in the realms of energy, technology, and biomedicine.},
}
@article {pmid39373536,
year = {2024},
author = {Nian, X and Wu, S and He, J and Holford, P and Beattie, GAC and Wang, D and Cen, Y and He, Y and Zhang, S},
title = {The conserved role of miR-2 and novel miR-109 in the increase in fecundity of Diaphorina citri induced by symbiotic bacteria and pathogenic fungi.},
journal = {mBio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0154124},
doi = {10.1128/mbio.01541-24},
pmid = {39373536},
issn = {2150-7511},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Infection with pathogens can increase the fecundity and other fitness-related traits of insect vectors for their own advantage. Our previous research has reported the pivotal role of DcKr-h1 in the fecundity improvement of Diaphorina citri induced by the bacterium, "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" (CLas), and the fungus, Cordyceps fumosorosea (Cf). However, the posttranscriptional regulation of this process remains poorly understood. Given the significance of miRNAs in gene regulation, we delved into their roles in shaping phenotypes and their underlying molecular mechanisms. Our results indicated that two miRNAs, miR-2 and novel-miR-109, jointly inhibited DcKr-h1 expression by binding to its 3' untranslated region (UTR). In the D. citri-CLas interaction, the expression levels of miR-2 and novel-miR-109 in the ovaries of CLas-positive psyllids were lower compared to CLas-negative individuals. Overexpression of miR-2 or novel-miR-109 significantly decreased fecundity and CLas titer in ovaries and caused reproductive defects reminiscent of DcKr-h1 knockdown. Similarly, in the D. citri-Cf interaction, the levels of miR-2 and novel-miR-109 markedly decreased in the ovaries. Upregulation of miR-2 or novel-miR-109 also resulted in reduced fecundity and ovary defects similar to those caused by DcKr-h1 silencing. Moreover, feeding antagomir-2 or antagomir-109 partially rescued the defective phenotypes caused by DcKr-h1 silencing in both model systems, and miR-2 and novel-miR-109 were repressed by juvenile hormone (JH) and regulated the genes associated with egg development. This study shows a conserved regulatory mechanism, whereby JH suppresses the expression of miR-2 and novel-miR-109 which, together with JH-induced transcription of DcKr-h1, increases female fecundity induced by both symbiotic bacteria and pathogenic fungi.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: Infection with pathogens can increase the fecundity and other fitness-related traits of insect vectors for their own advantage. Our previous research has reported that DcKr-h1 plays a critical role in the increase in fecundity of Diaphorina citri induced by the bacterium, "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" (CLas) and the fungus, Cordyceps fumosorosea (Cf). However, the posttranscriptional regulation of this process remains poorly understood. Given the significance of miRNAs in gene regulation, we delved into their roles in shaping phenotypes and their underlying molecular mechanisms. Our results indicated that two miRNAs, miR-2 and novel-miR-109, jointly inhibited DcKr-h1 expression by binding to its 3' untranslated region (UTR). In both D. citri-CLas and D. citri-Cf interactions, the increased juvenile hormone (JH) titer and reduced abundance of miR-2 and novel-miR-109 ensure high levels of DcKr-h1 expression, consequently stimulating ovarian development and enhancing fecundity. These observations provide evidence that miR-2 and miR-109 are crucial players in the JH-dependent increase in fecundity in psyllids induced by infection with different pathogens.},
}
@article {pmid39372858,
year = {2024},
author = {He, J and Huang, R and Xie, X},
title = {A gap in the recognition of two mycorrhizal factors: new insights into two LysM-type mycorrhizal receptors.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1418699},
pmid = {39372858},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are crucial components of the plant microbiota and can form symbioses with 72% of land plants. Researchers have long known that AM symbioses have dramatic effects on plant performance and also provide multiple ecological services in terrestrial environments. The successful establishment of AM symbioses relies on the host plant recognition of the diffusible mycorrhizal (Myc) factors, lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) and chitooligosaccharides (COs). Among them, the short-chain COs such as CO4/5 secreted by AM fungi are the major Myc factors in COs. In this review, we summarize current advances, develop the concept of mycorrhizal biceptor complex (double receptor complexes for Myc-LCOs and CO4/5 in the same plant), and provide a perspective on the future development of mycorrhizal receptors. First, we focus on the distinct perception of two Myc factors by different host plant species, highlighting the essential role of Lysin-Motif (LysM)-type mycorrhizal receptors in perceiving them. Second, we propose the underlying molecular mechanisms by which LysM-type mycorrhizal receptors in various plants recognize both the Myc-LCOs and -COs. Finally, we explore future prospects for studies on the biceptor complex (Myc-LCO and -CO receptors) in dicots to facilitate the utilization of them in cereal crops (particularly in modern cultivated rice). In conclusion, our understanding of the precise perception processes during host plant interacting with AM fungi, where LysM-type mycorrhizal receptors act as recruiters, provides the tools to design biotechnological applications addressing agricultural challenges.},
}
@article {pmid39372272,
year = {2024},
author = {Jiang, C and Peng, F and Zhang, L and Zhang, Y and Wang, J and Li, J and Cui, B and Cao, C and Wang, C and Qin, Y and Wang, R and Zhao, Z and Jiang, J and Yang, M and Sun, M and Yang, L and Zhang, Q},
title = {Isolation, identification, and mechanism analysis of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in tobacco.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1457624},
pmid = {39372272},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Plant growth, crop yield, and pest and disease control are enhanced by PGPR (Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria), which are beneficial microorganisms found in a close symbiosis with plant roots. Phytohormones are secreted, nutrient uptake is improved, and soil properties along with the microbiological environment are regulated by these microorganisms, making them a significant focus in agricultural research. In this study, the efficient PGPR strain T1 was isolated and screened from tobacco inter-root soil, and identified and confirmed by ITS sequencing technology. Tobacco growth indicators and soil property changes were observed and recorded through potting experiments. The activities of key enzymes (e.g., sucrase, catalase, urease) in soil were further determined. High-throughput sequencing technology was utilized to sequence the soil microbial community, and combined with macro-genomics analysis, the effects of T1 strain on soil microbial diversity and metabolic pathways were explored. Following the application of T1, significant improvements were observed in the height, leaf length, and width of tobacco plants. Furthermore, the physical and chemical properties of the soil were notably enhanced, including a 26.26% increase in phosphorus availability. Additionally, the activities of key soil enzymes such as sucrase, catalase, and urease were significantly increased, indicating improved soil health and fertility. Comprehensive joint microbiomics and macrogenomics analyses revealed a substantial rise in the populations of beneficial soil microorganisms and an enhancement in metabolic pathways, including amino acid metabolism, synthesis, and production of secondary metabolites. These increase in beneficial microorganisms and the enhancement of their metabolic functions are crucial for plant growth and soil fertility. This study provides valuable references for the development of innovative microbial fertilizers and offers programs for the sustainable development of modern agriculture.},
}
@article {pmid39370758,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, A and Tang, H and Sun, J and Wang, L and Rasmann, S and Ruan, W and Wei, X},
title = {Entomopathogenic Nematodes-Killed Insect Cadavers in the Rhizosphere Activate Plant Direct and Indirect Defences Aboveground.},
journal = {Plant, cell &amp; environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pce.15193},
pmid = {39370758},
issn = {1365-3040},
support = {//The work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (32171637), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFE013040 and 2019YFE0120400), and "the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities", Nankai University (63221356)./ ; },
abstract = {Plants can perceive and respond to external stimuli by activating both direct and indirect defences against herbivores. Soil-dwelling entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), natural enemies of root-feeding herbivores, carry symbiotic bacteria that grow and reproduce once inside arthropod hosts. We hypothesized that the metabolites produced by EPN-infected insect cadavers could be perceived by plants, thereby activating plant defences systemically. We tested this hypothesis by adding three EPN-infected Galleria mellonella cadavers to maize plants and testing plant responses against a major maize pest (Spodoptera frugiperda) and one of its parasitoids (Trichogramma dendrolimi). We found that S. frugiperda females deposited fewer, and caterpillars fed less on maize plants growing near EPN-infected cadavers than on control plants. Accordingly, EPN-infected cadavers triggered the systemic accumulation of defence hormones (SA), genes (PR1), and enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT) in maize leaves. Furthermore, four volatile organic compounds produced by plants exposed to EPN-infected cadavers deterred S. frugiperda caterpillars and female adults. However, these compounds were more attractive to T. dendrolimi parasitoids. Our study enhances the understanding of the intricate relationships within the above- and belowground ecosystems and provides crucial insights for advancing sustainable pest management strategies.},
}
@article {pmid39370085,
year = {2024},
author = {Vásquez, P and Stucken, K and Garcia-Martin, A and Ladero, M and Bolivar, JM and Bernal, C},
title = {Enzymatic production, physicochemical characterization, and prebiotic potential of pectin oligosaccharides from pisco grape pomace.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {136302},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136302},
pmid = {39370085},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {The prebiotic capacity of Pectin Oligosaccharides (POS) is influenced by structural factors such as molecular size, composition, and degree of esterification, which affect their interaction with the gut microbiota. While existing literature has predominantly examined POS derived from apple and citrus pectins, the extrapolation of these findings to other pectin sources remains complex due to variations in their composition. This study focused on obtaining POS with prebiotic potential from pisco grape pomace through controlled enzymatic hydrolysis, resulting in three molecular size fractions: <3 kDa, 3-10 kDa, and > 10 kDa. The POS fractions were analyzed using FTIR, HPSEC, HPLC, and MALDI-TOF-MS techniques to characterize their physical-chemical properties. Each fraction presented distinct compositions, with the <3 kDa fraction showing a higher concentration of galacturonic acid and glucose, while the >10 kDa fraction was also composed of rhamnose and arabinose. Notably, the <3 kDa fraction supported greater biomass growth of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 compared to the other fractions. In contrast, the non-probiotic strain Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 achieved the lowest biomass with this fraction. Consequently, the <3 kDa POS fraction exhibited the highest prebiotic index. This fraction, composed of oligomers from the rhamnogalacturonan region and arabino-oligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization between two and five, highlights its potential for further research and applications. Therefore, investigating other sources and optimizing extraction conditions could lead to developing novel prebiotic formulations that supply specific probiotic strains for a symbiotic product.},
}
@article {pmid39369620,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, W and Qin, J and Feng, JQ and Dong, XM and Hu, H and Zhang, SB},
title = {A mycoheterotrophic orchid uses very limited soil inorganic nitrogen in its natural habitat.},
journal = {Journal of plant physiology},
volume = {303},
number = {},
pages = {154367},
doi = {10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154367},
pmid = {39369620},
issn = {1618-1328},
abstract = {Mycoheterotrophic plants acquire nitrogen (N) directly from the soil and through their symbiotic fungi. The fungi-derived N has received considerable attention, but the contribution of soil-derived N has been largely overlooked. We investigated how the leafless, rootless, and almost mycoheterotrophic orchid Cymbidium macrorhizon obtains soil N by applying [15]N-labeled ammonium nitrate in its natural habitat, and tracking metabolite accumulation and mycorrhizal fungal association after N application. The decline of N in the rhizome from flowering to fruiting indicated a transfer of N from the rhizome to fruits. At current dose of N application (0.6 g NH4NO3 each plant), only 1.5% of the plant's N was derived from fertilizer, resulting in a low nitrogen use efficiency of 0.27%. The majority of those newly absorbed N (88.89%) was found sank in the rhizome. Amino acids (or their derivatives) and alkaloids were predominant differentially accumulated nitrogenous metabolites after N application, with amino acids occurring in both fruits and the rhizome, and alkaloids primarily in the fruits. The addition of N did not alter the richness of mycorrhizal fungi, but did affect their relative abundance. Our findings suggest that Cymbidium macrorhizon uses very limited soil inorganic nitrogen in its natural habitat, and the root-like rhizome primarily stores N rather than absorbs its inorganic forms, offering new insights into how mycoheterotrophic plants utilize soil N, and the influence of nutrient availability on the orchid-fungi association.},
}
@article {pmid39369255,
year = {2024},
author = {Figueroa-Gonzalez, PA and Bornemann, TLV and Hinzke, T and Maaß, S and Trautwein-Schult, A and Starke, J and Moore, CJ and Esser, SP and Plewka, J and Hesse, T and Schmidt, TC and Schreiber, U and Bor, B and Becher, D and Probst, AJ},
title = {Metaproteogenomics resolution of a high-CO2 aquifer community reveals a complex cellular adaptation of groundwater Gracilibacteria to a host-dependent lifestyle.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {194},
pmid = {39369255},
issn = {2049-2618},
support = {CRC 1439/1 426547801//German Research Foundation (DFG)/ ; CRC 1439/1 426547801//German Research Foundation (DFG)/ ; },
mesh = {*Groundwater/microbiology ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Metagenomics ; Bacteria/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification/metabolism ; Germany ; Genome, Bacterial ; Phylogeny ; Microbiota/genetics ; Proteogenomics ; Adaptation, Physiological ; Proteomics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Bacteria of the candidate phyla radiation (CPR), constituting about 25% of the bacterial biodiversity, are characterized by small cell size and patchy genomes without complete key metabolic pathways, suggesting a symbiotic lifestyle. Gracilibacteria (BD1-5), which are part of the CPR branch, possess alternate coded genomes and have not yet been cultivated. The lifestyle of Gracilibacteria, their temporal dynamics, and activity in natural ecosystems, particularly in groundwater, has remained largely unexplored. Here, we aimed to investigate Gracilibacteria activity in situ and to discern their lifestyle based on expressed genes, using the metaproteogenome of Gracilibacteria as a function of time in the cold-water geyser Wallender Born in the Volcanic Eifel region in Germany.<br><br>RESULTS: We coupled genome-resolved metagenomics and metaproteomics to investigate a cold-water geyser microbial community enriched in Gracilibacteria across a 12-day time-series. Groundwater was collected and sequentially filtered to fraction CPR and other bacteria. Based on 725 Gbps of metagenomic data, 1129 different ribosomal protein S3 marker genes, and 751 high-quality genomes (123 population genomes after dereplication), we identified dominant bacteria belonging to Gallionellales and Gracilibacteria along with keystone microbes, which were low in genomic abundance but substantially contributing to proteomic abundance. Seven high-quality Gracilibacteria genomes showed typical limitations, such as limited amino acid or nucleotide synthesis, in their central metabolism but no co-occurrence with potential hosts. The genomes of these Gracilibacteria were encoded for a high number of proteins involved in cell to cell interaction, supporting the previously surmised host-dependent lifestyle, e.g., type IV and type II secretion system subunits, transporters, and features related to cell motility, which were also detected on protein level.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: We here identified microbial keystone taxa in a high-CO2 aquifer, and revealed microbial dynamics of Gracilibacteria. Although Gracilibacteria in this ecosystem did not appear to target specific organisms in this ecosystem due to lack of co-occurrence despite enrichment on 0.2-&#xb5;m filter fraction, we provide proteomic evidence for the complex machinery behind the host-dependent lifestyle of groundwater Gracilibacteria. Video Abstract.},
}
@article {pmid39369058,
year = {2024},
author = {Schmidt, S and Murphy, R and Vizueta, J and Schierbech, SK and Conlon, BH and Kreuzenbeck, NB and Vreeburg, SME and van de Peppel, LJJ and Aanen, DK and Silué, KS and Kone, NA and Beemelmanns, C and Weber, T and Poulsen, M},
title = {Comparative genomics unravels a rich set of biosynthetic gene clusters with distinct evolutionary trajectories across fungal species (Termitomyces) farmed by termites.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {1269},
pmid = {39369058},
issn = {2399-3642},
mesh = {*Isoptera/microbiology ; Animals ; *Termitomyces/genetics/metabolism ; *Multigene Family ; *Symbiosis ; *Genomics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Phylogeny ; Genome, Fungal ; Biosynthetic Pathways/genetics ; },
abstract = {The use of compounds produced by hosts or symbionts for defence against antagonists has been identified in many organisms, including in fungus-farming termites (Macrotermitinae). The obligate mutualistic fungus Termitomyces plays a pivotal role in plant biomass decomposition and as the primary food source for these termites. Despite the isolation of various specialized metabolites from different Termitomyces species, our grasp of their natural product repertoire remains incomplete. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of 39 Termitomyces genomes, representing 21 species associated with members of five termite host genera. We identified 754 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) coding for specialized metabolites and categorized 660 BGCs into 61 biosynthetic gene cluster families (GCFs) spanning five compound classes. Seven GCFs were shared by all 21 Termitomyces species and 21 GCFs were present in all genomes of subsets of species. Evolutionary constraint analyses on the 25 most abundant GCFs revealed distinctive evolutionary histories, signifying that millions of years of termite-fungus symbiosis have influenced diverse biosynthetic pathways. This study unveils a wealth of non-random and largely undiscovered chemical potential within Termitomyces and contributes to our understanding of the intricate evolutionary trajectories of biosynthetic gene clusters in the context of long-standing symbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39368358,
year = {2024},
author = {Liang, H and Pan, CG and Peng, FJ and Hu, JJ and Zhu, RG and Zhou, CY and Liu, ZZ and Yu, K},
title = {Integrative transcriptomic analysis reveals a broad range of toxic effects of triclosan on coral Porites lutea.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {480},
number = {},
pages = {136033},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136033},
pmid = {39368358},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial agent commonly used in personal care products. However, little is known about its toxicity to corals. Here, we examined the acute toxic effects (96 h) of TCS at different levels to the coral Porites lutea. Results showed that the bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of TCS in Porites lutea decreased with increasing TCS exposure levels. Exposure to TCS at the level up to 100 μg/L did not induce bleaching of Porites lutea. However, by the end of the experiment, both the density and chlorophyll a content of the symbiotic zooxanthellae were 19-52 % and 19.9-45.6 % lower in the TCS treatment groups than in the control, respectively. For the coral host, its total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were all significantly lower in the TCS treatment groups than the control. Transcriptome analysis showed that 942 and 1077 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the coral host in the 0.5 and 100 μg/L TCS treatment groups, respectively. Meanwhile, TCS can interfere with pathways related to immune system and reproductive system in coral host. Overall, our results suggest that environmentally relevant concentrations of TCS can impact both the coral host and the symbiotic zooxanthellae.},
}
@article {pmid39368190,
year = {2024},
author = {Jiao, P and Zhou, Y and Zhang, X and Jian, H and Zhang, XX and Ma, L},
title = {Mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer and viral contribution to the fate of intracellular and extracellular antibiotic resistance genes in anaerobic digestion supplemented with conductive materials under ammonia stress.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {267},
number = {},
pages = {122549},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2024.122549},
pmid = {39368190},
issn = {1879-2448},
abstract = {The addition of conductive materials (CMs) is an effective strategy for mitigating ammonia inhibition during anaerobic digestion (AD). However, the introduction of CMs can result in increased antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) pollution, potentially facilitated by enhanced horizontal gene transfer (HGT). The complex dynamics of intracellular and extracellular ARGs (iARGs/eARGs) and the mechanisms underlying their transfer, mediated by CMs, in ammonia-stressed AD systems remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of three commonly used CMs-nano magnetite (Mag), nano zero-valent iron (nZVI), and granular activated carbon (GAC)-on the fate of iARGs and eARGs during the AD of waste activated sludge under ammonia stress. The results revealed an unexpected enrichment of iARGs by 1.5 %-10.9 % and a reduction of eARGs by 14.1 %-25.2 % in CM-supplemented AD. This discrepancy in the dynamics of iARGs and eARGs may be attributed to changes in microbial hosts and the horizontal transfer of ARGs. Notably, CMs activated prophages within antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and their symbiotic partners involved in vitamin B12 provision, leading to the lysis of ARB and the subsequent release of eARGs for transformation. Additionally, the abundance of potentially mobile ARGs, which co-occurred with mobile genetic elements, increased by 56.6 %-134.5 % with CM addition, highlighting an enhanced potential for the HGT of ARGs. Specifically, Mag appeared to promote both transformation and conjugation processes, while nZVI only promoted conjugation. Moreover, none of the three CMs had any discernible impact on transduction. GAC proved superior to both nano Mag and nZVI in controlling the enrichment of iARGs, reducing eARGs, and limiting HGTs simultaneously. Overall, these findings provide novel insights into the role of viruses and the mechanisms of ARG spread in CM-assisted AD, offering valuable information for developing strategies to mitigate ARG pollution in practical applications.},
}
@article {pmid39367926,
year = {2024},
author = {Bâ, AM and Séne, S and Manokari, M and Galardis, MMB and Sylla, SN and Selosse, MA and Shekhawat, MS},
title = {Coccoloba uvifera L. associated with Scleroderma Bermudense Coker: a pantropical ectomycorrhizal symbiosis used in restoring of degraded coastal sand dunes.},
journal = {Mycorrhiza},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39367926},
issn = {1432-1890},
abstract = {Coccoloba uvifera L. (Polygonacaeae), named also seagrape, is an ectomycorrhizal (ECM) Caribbean beach tree, introduced pantropically for stabilizing coastal soils and producing edible fruits. This review covers the pantropical distribution and micropropagation of seagrape as well as genetic diversity, functional traits and use of ECM symbioses in response to salinity, both in its native regions and areas where it has been introduced. The ECM fungal diversity associated with seagrape was found to be relatively low in its region of origin, with Scleroderma bermudense Coker being the predominant fungal species. In regions of introduction, seagrape predominantly associated with Scleroderma species, whereas S. bermudense was exclusively identified in Réunion and Senegal. The introduction of S. bermudense is likely through spores adhering to the seed coats of seagrape, suggesting a vertical transmission of ECM colonization in seagrape by S. bermudense. This ECM fungus demonstrated its capacity to enhance salt tolerance in seagrape seedlings by reducing Na concentration and increasing K and Ca levels, consequently promoting higher K/Na and Ca/Na ratios in the tissues of ECM seedlings vs. non-ECM plants in nursery conditions. Moreover, the ECM symbiosis positively influenced growth, photosynthetic and transpiration rates, chlorophyll fluorescence and content, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2, and water status, which improved the performance of ECM seagrape exposed to salt stress in planting conditions. The standardization of seagrape micropropagation emerges as a crucial tool for propagating homogeneous plant material in nursery and planting conditions. This review also explores the use of the ECM symbiosis between seagrape and S. bermudense as a strategy for restoring degraded coastal ecosystems in the Caribbean, Indian Ocean, and West African regions.},
}
@article {pmid39366569,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, Y and Zhao, X and Cai, D and Chen, X and Lu, Y and Wang, Z and Sun, Y and Xi, B},
title = {Insights into links between redox cycling of dissolved organic matter ranked by molecular weight and methanogen-bacteria symbiosis-driven methane production.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {954},
number = {},
pages = {176682},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176682},
pmid = {39366569},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Molecular weight (MW) of dissolved organic matter (DOM) governs its redox capacity, playing pivotal roles in methanogen-bacteria symbiosis-driven CH4 production. However, the effect of redox capacity of DOM ranked by MW on these symbiotic associations during anaerobic digestion have never been investigated. The electron-donating (EDC) and -accepting capacity (EAC) of DOM with different MW were quantified, elucidating their impacts on bacteria-methanogen symbiosis-driven CH4 production. By contrast, DOM with 7000 > MW > 14,000 Da constituted the primary contribution to EAC, with an average contribution of 44.63 %. DOM with MW > 14,000 Da emerged as the predominant contributor to EDC, with an average contribution of 49.10 %. Random forest showed that EAC/EDC of DOM ranked by MW was the important factors for methanogenesis by driving shifts in microbial symbiotic relationships. 46 genera (relative abundance of 69.55 %) of microorganisms exhibited robust associations with EAC/EDC. EDC of DOM with 3500 < MW < 7000 Da exerted positive effect on CH4 by modulating the corporation of Caldicoprobacter, norank_o__TSCOR001-H18, norank_o__MBA03 and Methanobrevibacter. EDC of DOM (7000 < MW < 14,000 Da) promotes CH4 production by regulating cooperation of Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas and Methanosarcina, Methanothermus. EDC of DOM (MW > 14,000 Da) enhances CH4 production by modulating cooperation of Ureibacillus, Treponema and methanomassiliicoccus, methanogenium. EAC of DOMs were negatively correlated with CH4. This study broadens our knowledge on the intricate process of methanogenesis and holds significant importance in developing a microbial symbiosis regulation strategy based on electron transfer system.},
}
@article {pmid39366512,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, Z and Wang, Q and Lu, B and Zhao, C and Chai, W and Huang, Z and Li, P and Zhao, Y},
title = {Biogas slurry treatment and biogas upgrading by microalgae-based systems under the induction of different phytohormones.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {414},
number = {},
pages = {131569},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131569},
pmid = {39366512},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {The low grade of biogas and the difficulty of treating biogas slurry are the two major bottlenecks limiting the sustainable development of the fermentation engineering. This study investigates the potential role of microalgae-microbial symbiosis and phytohormones in solving this challenge. Chlorella microalgae were combined with endophytic bacteria (S395-2) and Clonostachys fungus to construct symbiotic systems. Growth, photosynthetic activity, and carbon dioxide and pollutant removal out of biogas slurry and biogas were analyzed under treatment with three different phytohormones (cytokinin, synthetic strigolactones (GR24), natural strigolactones). The Chlorella-S395-2-Clonostachys symbiont achieved the highest purification efficiency under GR24 induction, with removal efficiency exceeding 86% for chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorous, and total nitrogen, as well as over 76% for CO2. Economic efficiency can be increased by about 150%. The positive correlation between treatment effectiveness and co-culture performance suggests a promising avenue for developing symbiotic systems for biogas slurry treatment and biogas upgrading.},
}
@article {pmid39366145,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, G and Ott, T},
title = {Cellular morphodynamics and signaling around the transcellular passage cleft during rhizobial infections of legume roots.},
journal = {Current opinion in cell biology},
volume = {91},
number = {},
pages = {102436},
doi = {10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102436},
pmid = {39366145},
issn = {1879-0410},
abstract = {Legume roots allow intracellular infections of rhizobia to establish the mutualistic root nodule symbiosis. During this colonization event, specialized and membrane-defined infection threads provide the host-controlled path for the bacteria through the multilayered root tissue to reach a newly developing organ, the root nodule. On this way, bacteria have to propagate transcellularly and thus overcome cell wall barriers. This process not only requires continuous molecular surveillance of the invading microbe but also structural adaptations of the extracellular matrix components in a spatially confined manner leading to the formation of a novel compartment that we term the "transcellular passage cleft" (TPC). Here, we review the molecular mechanisms and signaling events around the TPC and propose a step-wise model for TPC formation.},
}
@article {pmid39367346,
year = {2024},
author = {Lin, S},
title = {A decade of dinoflagellate genomics illuminating an enigmatic eukaryote cell.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {932},
pmid = {39367346},
issn = {1471-2164},
support = {GBMF# #4980.01.//Ann and Gordon Getty Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Dinoflagellida/genetics ; *Genomics/methods ; Genome, Protozoan ; Evolution, Molecular ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {Dinoflagellates are a remarkable group of protists, not only for their association with harmful algal blooms and coral reefs but also for their numerous characteristics deviating from the rules of eukaryotic biology. Genome research on dinoflagellates has lagged due to their immense genome sizes in most species (~ 1-250 Gbp). Nevertheless, the last decade marked a fruitful era of dinoflagellate genomics, with 27 genomes sequenced and many insights attained. This review aims to synthesize information from these genomes, along with other omic data, to reflect on where we are now in understanding dinoflagellates and where we are heading in the future. The most notable insights from the decade-long genomics work include: (1) dinoflagellate genomes have been expanded in multiple times independently, probably by a combination of rampant retroposition, accumulation of repetitive DNA, and genome duplication; (2) Symbiodiniacean genomes are highly divergent, but share about 3,445 core unigenes concentrated in 219 KEGG pathways; (3) Most dinoflagellate genes are encoded unidirectionally and are not intron-poor; (4) The dinoflagellate nucleus has undergone extreme evolutionary changes, including complete or nearly complete loss of nucleosome and histone H1, and acquisition of dinoflagellate viral nuclear protein (DVNP); (5) Major basic nuclear protein (MBNP), histone-like protein (HLP), and bacterial HU-like protein (HCc) belong to the same protein family, and MBNP can be the unifying name; (6) Dinoflagellate gene expression is regulated by poorly understood mechanisms, but microRNA and other epigenetic mechanisms are likely important; (7) Over 50% of dinoflagellate genes are "dark" and their functions remain to be deciphered using functional genetics; (8) Initial insights into the genomic basis of parasitism and mutualism have emerged. The review then highlights functionally unique and interesting genes. Future research needs to obtain a finished genome, tackle large genomes, characterize the unknown genes, and develop a quantitative molecular ecological model for addressing ecological questions.},
}
@article {pmid39365783,
year = {2024},
author = {Shi, W and Wang, Q},
title = {The framework for analyzing the mechanism of the evolution of inter-city relationship networks on regional economic resilience.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {19},
number = {10},
pages = {e0308280},
pmid = {39365783},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Cities ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; },
abstract = {In this paper, we applied an analytical framework called "city cooperation intention → city relationship network → regional economic resilience," while considering the concept of externality as a measure of city cooperation intention, to draw insights from the perspectives of city relationships, biological evolution, and evolutionary economy. The evaluation system we developed focuses on the impact of inherent city culture on the inter-city relationship network, using variables such as knowledge spillover effect, technology symbiosis index, and market structure. We also incorporated innovation, resilience, and regeneration as determinants of regional economic resilience, building upon previous research findings. By applying structural force theory and a three-dimensional coordinate method, we analyzed the correlation between the relationship network and regional economic resilience, established a model to illustrate how the relationship network influences regional economic resilience, and described the course of action taken by the "three factors" of the relationship network on regional economic resilience. Ultimately, the aim of this study is to uncover the mechanism through which the inter-city relationship network affects regional economic resilience, with implications for healthy city design.},
}
@article {pmid39365701,
year = {2024},
author = {Muller, A and Morales-Montero, P and Boss, A and Hiltmann, A and Castaneda-Alvarez, C and Bhat, AH and Arce, CCM and Glauser, G and Joyce, SA and Clarke, DJ and Machado, RAR},
title = {Bacterial bioluminescence is an important regulator of multitrophic interactions in the soil.},
journal = {Cell reports},
volume = {43},
number = {10},
pages = {114817},
doi = {10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114817},
pmid = {39365701},
issn = {2211-1247},
abstract = {Enormous efforts have been made to understand the functions of bioluminescence; however, its relevance in soil ecosystems has barely been investigated. In addition, our understanding of the biological relevance of bioluminescence is hampered by the scarcity of tools to genetically manipulate this trait. Using the symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes, Photorhabdus bacteria, we show that bioluminescence plays important regulatory roles in multitrophic interactions in the soil. Through genetic modifications and exploiting natural variability, we provide direct evidence for the multifunctional nature of bioluminescence. It regulates abiotic and biotic stress resistance, impacts other trophic levels, including nematodes, insects, and plants, and contributes to symbiosis. Our study contributes to understanding the factors that have driven the evolution and maintenance of this trait in belowground ecosystems.},
}
@article {pmid39363931,
year = {2024},
author = {Perkowski, EA and Terrones, J and German, HL and Smith, NG},
title = {Symbiotic nitrogen fixation reduces belowground biomass carbon costs of nitrogen acquisition under low, but not high, nitrogen availability.},
journal = {AoB PLANTS},
volume = {16},
number = {5},
pages = {plae051},
pmid = {39363931},
issn = {2041-2851},
abstract = {Many plant species form symbiotic associations with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Through this symbiosis, plants allocate photosynthate belowground to the bacteria in exchange for nitrogen fixed from the atmosphere. This symbiosis forms an important link between carbon and nitrogen cycles in many ecosystems. However, the economics of this relationship under soil nitrogen availability gradients is not well understood, as plant investment toward symbiotic nitrogen fixation tends to decrease with increasing soil nitrogen availability. Here, we used a manipulation experiment to examine how costs of nitrogen acquisition vary under a factorial combination of soil nitrogen availability and inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum in Glycine max L. (Merr.). We found that inoculation decreased belowground biomass carbon costs to acquire nitrogen and increased total leaf area and total biomass, but these patterns were only observed under low fertilization and were the result of increased plant nitrogen uptake and no change in belowground carbon allocation. These results suggest that symbioses with nitrogen-fixing bacteria reduce carbon costs of nitrogen acquisition by increasing plant nitrogen uptake, but only when soil nitrogen is low, allowing individuals to increase nitrogen allocation to structures that support aboveground growth. This pattern may help explain the prevalence of plants capable of forming these associations in less fertile soils and provides useful insight into understanding the role of nutrient acquisition strategy on plant nitrogen uptake across nitrogen availability gradients.},
}
@article {pmid39363923,
year = {2024},
author = {Wu, D and He, X and Jiang, L and Li, W and Wang, H and Lv, G},
title = {Root exudates facilitate the regulation of soil microbial community function in the genus Haloxylon.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1461893},
pmid = {39363923},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Root exudates act as the "language" of plant-soil communication, facilitating crucial interactions, information exchange, and energy transfer between plants and soil. The interactions facilitated by root exudates between plants and microorganisms in the rhizosphere are crucial for nutrient uptake and stress resilience in plants. However, the mechanism underlying the interaction between root exudates and rhizosphere microorganisms in desert plants under drought conditions remains unclear, especially among closely related species.<br><br>METHODS: To reveal the ecological strategies employed by the genus Haloxylon in different habitats. Using DNA extraction and sequencing and UPLC-Q-Tof/MS methods, we studied root exudates and soil microorganisms from two closely related species, Haloxylon ammodendron (HA) and Haloxylon persicum (HP), to assess differences in their root exudates, soil microbial composition, and interactions.<br><br>RESULTS: Significant differences were found in soil properties and root traits between the two species, among which soil water content (SWC) and soil organic carbon (SOC) in rhizosphere and bulk soils (P < 0.05). While the metabolite classification of root exudates was similar, their components varied, with terpenoids being the main differential metabolites. Soil microbial structure and diversity also exhibited significant differences, with distinct key species in the network and differential functional processes mainly related to nitrogen and carbon cycles. Strong correlations were observed between root exudate-mediated root traits, soil microorganisms, and soil properties, although the complex interactions differed between the two closely relative species. The primary metabolites found in the network of HA include sugars and fatty acids, while HP relies on secondary metabolites, steroids and terpenoids.<br><br>DISCUSSION: These findings suggest that root exudates are key in shaping rhizosphere microbial communities, increasing microbial functionality, fostering symbiotic relationships with hosts, and bolstering the resilience of plants to environmental stress.},
}
@article {pmid39362161,
year = {2024},
author = {Karkou, E and Angelis-Dimakis, A and Parlapiano, M and Savvakis, N and Siddique, O and Vyrkou, A and Sgroi, M and Fatone, F and Arampatzis, G},
title = {Process innovations and circular strategies for closing the water loop in a process industry.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {370},
number = {},
pages = {122748},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122748},
pmid = {39362161},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {By implementing advanced wastewater treatment technologies coupled with digital tools, high-quality water is produced to be reused within the industry, enhancing process efficiency and closing loops. This paper investigates the impact of three innovation tools (process, circular and digital) in a Solvay chemical plant. Four technologies of the wastewater treatment plant "WAPEREUSE" were deployed, predicting their performance by process modelling and simulation in the PSM Tool. The environmental impact was assessed using Life Cycle Assessment and compared to the impact of the current industrial effluent discharge. The circularity level was assessed through three alternative closed-loop scenarios: (1) conventional treatment and discharge to sea (baseline), (2) conventional and advanced treatment by WAPEREUSE and discharge to sea, (3) conventional and advanced treatment by WAPEREUSE and industrial water reuse through cross-sectorial symbiotic network, where effluents are exchanged among the process industry, municipality and a water utility. Scenario 1 has the lowest pollutants' removal efficiency with environmental footprint of 0.93 mPt/m[3]. WAPEREUSE technologies decreased COD by 98.3%, TOC by 91.4% and nitrates by 94.5%. Scenario 2 had environmental footprint of 1.12 mPt/m[3]. The cross-sectorial symbiotic network on the industrial value chain resulted in higher industrial circularity and sustainability level, avoiding effluents discharge. Scenario 3 is selected as the best option with 0.72 mPt per m[3], reducing the environmental footprint by 21% and 36% compared to Scenarios 1 and 2, respectively.},
}
@article {pmid39361891,
year = {2024},
author = {Ramos-Barbero, MD and Gómez-Gómez, C and Vique, G and Sala-Comorera, L and Rodríguez-Rubio, L and Muniesa, M},
title = {Recruitment of complete crAss-like phage genomes reveals their presence in chicken viromes, few human-specific phages, and lack of universal detection.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae192},
pmid = {39361891},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {The order Crassvirales, which includes the prototypical crAssphage (p-crAssphage), is predominantly associated with humans, rendering it the most abundant and widely distributed group of DNA phages in the human gut. The reported human specificity and wide global distribution of p-crAssphage makes it a promising human fecal marker. However, the specificity for the human gut as well as the geographical distribution around the globe of other members of the order Crassvirales remains unknown. To determine this, a recruitment analysis using 91 complete, non-redundant genomes of crAss-like phages in human and animal viromes revealed that only 13 crAss-like phages among the 91 phages analyzed were highly specific to humans, and p-crAssphage was not in this group. Investigations to elucidate whether any characteristic of the phages was responsible for their prevalence in humans showed that the 13 human crAss-like phages do not share a core genome. Phylogenomic analysis placed them in three independent families, indicating that within the Crassvirales group, human specificity is likely not a feature of a common ancestor but rather was introduced on separate/independent occasions in their evolutionary history. The 13 human crAss-like phages showed variable geographical distribution across human metagenomes worldwide, with some being more prevalent in certain countries than in others, but none being universally identified. The varied geographical distribution and the absence of a phylogenetic relationship among the human crAss-like phages are attributed to the emergence and dissemination of their bacterial host, the symbiotic human strains of Bacteroides, across various human populations occupying diverse ecological niches worldwide.},
}
@article {pmid39361131,
year = {2024},
author = {Haraguchi, Y and Kato, Y and Tsuji, A and Hasunuma, T and Shimizu, T},
title = {Recombinant lactate-assimilating cyanobacteria reduce high-concentration culture-associated cytotoxicity in mammalian cells.},
journal = {Archives of microbiology},
volume = {206},
number = {11},
pages = {425},
pmid = {39361131},
issn = {1432-072X},
mesh = {Animals ; Mice ; *Coculture Techniques ; *Lactic Acid/metabolism ; *Cyanobacteria/metabolism ; Cell Line ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism ; Pyruvic Acid/metabolism ; Ammonium Compounds/metabolism ; Amino Acids/metabolism ; },
abstract = {In the fields of cultured meat, biopharmaceuticals, cell therapy, and tissue engineering, large numbers of mammalian cells are required; thus, highly-concentrated cell cultures are widely adopted. In general, such cultures can lead to cell damage caused by waste product accumulation and nutritional inadequacy. In this study, a novel co-culture system where the recombinant lactate-assimilating cyanobacterial strain, KC0110, derived from euryhaline Picosynechococcus sp. PCC 7002, and mammalian muscle cells cultured across porous membranes been developed. By using the KC0110 strain, the amount of ammonium and lactate excreted from C2C12 mouse muscle cells into the culture significantly decreased. Importantly, pyruvate and some amino acids, including pyruvate-derived amino acids, also increased significantly compared to those in monoculture of C2C12 cells. It is believed that the organic acids secreted by the KC0110 strain enhance the growth of mammalian cells, leading to a reduction in high-concentration culture-induced mammalian cell damage [lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release] through cyanobacterial co-culture. These results show that, through co-cultivation with cyanobacteria, it is possible to culture mammalian cells, alleviating cell damage, even in highly-concentrated cultures. This study demonstrated an in vitro "symbiotic circular system" that can interchange metabolites produced by phototrophs and mammalian cells.},
}
@article {pmid39360071,
year = {2024},
author = {Sharma, A and Katiyar, VK and Tiwary, SK and Kumar, P and Khanna, AK},
title = {Meleney's Gangrene of the Abdomen Managed With Serial Debridement and Negative Pressure Wound Therapy: A Case Report.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {9},
pages = {e68440},
pmid = {39360071},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Meleney's gangrene (necrotizing fasciitis (NF)), also known as progressive bacterial synergistic gangrene, is a potentially fatal subcutaneous tissue infection with abdominal wall necrosis that progresses rapidly and systematically. It has been observed to exhibit the cultural characteristics of a symbiotic organism. Due to its rarity and high mortality rate, this infection needs to be diagnosed promptly and treated aggressively with antibiotics and rigorous debridement. There are several approaches to management, which include intravenous antibiotics, aggressive debridement, and dressings, along with the application of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT). Herein, we report the case of a 45-year-old male patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus who presented to our facility after being bitten by an insect and exhibiting symptoms of Meleney's gangrene of the abdomen.},
}
@article {pmid39359681,
year = {2024},
author = {Tian, S and Ding, T and Li, H},
title = {Oral microbiome in human health and diseases.},
journal = {mLife},
volume = {3},
number = {3},
pages = {367-383},
pmid = {39359681},
issn = {2770-100X},
abstract = {The oral cavity contains the second-largest microbiota in the human body. The cavity's anatomically and physiologically diverse niches facilitate a wide range of symbiotic bacteria living at distinct oral sites. Consequently, the oral microbiota exhibits site specificity, with diverse species, compositions, and structures influenced by specific aspects of their placement. Variations in oral microbiota structure caused by changes in these influencing factors can impact overall health and lead to the development of diseases-not only in the oral cavity but also in organs distal to the mouth-such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease. Conversely, diseases can exacerbate the imbalance of the oral microbiota, creating a vicious cycle. Understanding the heterogeneity of both the oral microbiome and individual humans is important for investigating the causal links between the oral microbiome and diseases. Additionally, understanding the intricacies of the oral microbiome's composition and regulatory factors will help identify the potential causes of related diseases and develop interventions to prevent and treat illnesses in this domain. Therefore, turning to the extant research in this field, we systematically review the relationship between oral microbiome dynamics and human diseases.},
}
@article {pmid39357514,
year = {2024},
author = {Bradley, JM and Bunsick, M and Ly, G and Aquino, B and Wang, FZ and Holbrook-Smith, D and Suginoo, S and Bradizza, D and Kato, N and As'sadiq, O and Marsh, N and Osada, H and Boyer, FD and McErlean, CSP and Tsuchiya, Y and Subramaniam, R and Bonetta, D and McCourt, P and Lumba, S},
title = {Modulation of fungal phosphate homeostasis by the plant hormone strigolactone.},
journal = {Molecular cell},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.molcel.2024.09.004},
pmid = {39357514},
issn = {1097-4164},
abstract = {Inter-kingdom communication through small molecules is essential to the coexistence of organisms in an ecosystem. In soil communities, the plant root is a nexus of interactions for a remarkable number of fungi and is a source of small-molecule plant hormones that shape fungal compositions. Although hormone signaling pathways are established in plants, how fungi perceive and respond to molecules is unclear because many plant-associated fungi are recalcitrant to experimentation. Here, we develop an approach using the model fungus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to elucidate mechanisms of fungal response to plant hormones. Two plant hormones, strigolactone and methyl jasmonate, produce unique transcript profiles in yeast, affecting phosphate and sugar metabolism, respectively. Genetic analysis in combination with structural studies suggests that SLs require the high-affinity transporter Pho84 to modulate phosphate homeostasis. The ability to study small-molecule plant hormones in a tractable genetic system should have utility in understanding fungal-plant interactions.},
}
@article {pmid39357439,
year = {2024},
author = {Xiao, D and Peng, S and He, H and Xu, X and Keita, M and Gigena, ML and Zhang, Y},
title = {Mechanisms of microbial diversity modulation of mineral black clay to achieve ecological restoration of open-pit mine dump.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {370},
number = {},
pages = {122708},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122708},
pmid = {39357439},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {The harsh climatic conditions and severe scarcity of surface soil present significant challenges to ecological restoration in open-pit mine dumps within China's type II plant cold resistance zone. To address the topsoil shortage, mineral black clay was used to create synthetic soil. This study explored the application of an ecological restoration bacteria (ERB) consortium to accelerate the ecological restoration of synthetic soil-covered areas by enhancing soil ecosystem construction. The results demonstrated that ERB significantly influenced the native bacterial community structure in mixed black clay. Specifically, ERB disrupted the inhibitory effects of the Actinobacterota phylum on the development of native bacterial diversity, leading to an increase in unclassified_o_Solirubrobacterales sp., norank_f_norank_o_norank_c_KD4-96 sp., Sphingomonas sp., Luteitalea sp., norank_f_Vicinamibacteraceae sp., and other aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. These alterations in soil microbial structure directly impacted soil composition and vegetation diversity. The plant diversity survey and metabolomics analysis revealed that the reduction of harmful substances, such as HPED, HODE, and HOME, in black clay soil improved the growth and distribution of Salsola collina Pall. and Medicago sativa L. This increase facilitated the cycling of key nutrients, such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), and promoted the establishment of symbiotic relationships between plants, microorganisms, and soil. Ultimately, the ecological remediation of the synthetic soil was achieved through the synergistic effects of ERB, which included the degradation of inhibitory soil components, enhanced nutrient consumption by microbiota and plants, and the overall promotion of ecosystem stability in the reclamation area.},
}
@article {pmid39356767,
year = {2024},
author = {Salsabila, SD and Kim, J},
title = {Structural insights into phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase PmtA mediating bacterial phosphatidylcholine synthesis.},
journal = {Science advances},
volume = {10},
number = {40},
pages = {eadr0122},
pmid = {39356767},
issn = {2375-2548},
mesh = {*Phosphatidylcholines/biosynthesis/metabolism/chemistry ; *Bacterial Proteins/metabolism/chemistry ; *Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Phosphatidylethanolamines/metabolism/biosynthesis ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Methylation ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; S-Adenosylhomocysteine/metabolism/chemistry ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Binding ; Methyltransferases/metabolism/chemistry ; Amino Acid Sequence ; },
abstract = {Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PmtA) catalyzes the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) from phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Although PC is one of the major phospholipids constituting bilayer membranes in eukaryotes, certain bacterial species encode PmtA, a membrane-associated methyltransferase, to produce PC, which is correlated with cellular stress responses, adaptability to environmental changes, and symbiosis or virulence with eukaryotic hosts. Depending on the organism, multiple PmtAs may be required for producing monomethyl- and dimethyl-PE derivatives along with PC, whereas in organisms such as Rubellimicrobium thermophilum, a single enzyme is sufficient to direct all three methylation steps. In this study, we present the x-ray crystal structures of PmtA from R. thermophilum in complex with dimethyl-PE and S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine, as well as in its lipid-free form. Moreover, we demonstrate that the enzyme associates with the cellular membrane via electrostatic interactions facilitated by a group of critical basic residues and can successively methylate PE and its methylated derivatives, culminating in the production of PC.},
}
@article {pmid39356688,
year = {2024},
author = {Gindre, C and Patoz, A and Breine, B and Lussiana, T},
title = {Personality in motion: How intuition and sensing personality traits relate to lower limb rebound performance.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {19},
number = {10},
pages = {e0310130},
pmid = {39356688},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *Lower Extremity/physiology ; Female ; *Personality/physiology ; Adult ; Young Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Intuition/physiology ; Athletic Performance/physiology/psychology ; },
abstract = {Embodied cognition asserts a symbiotic relationship between cognitive processes and the physical body, raising an intriguing question: could personality traits be intertwined with the biomechanical performance of the lower limb? This study aimed to explore this connection by examining how personality traits, assessed using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), relate to lower limb rebound power (RP) measured through the five-repetition rebound jump test. Eighty participants completed two sessions: a biomechanical analysis of hopping using an Optojump® system to measure contact time, flight time, and RP, and a personality traits assessment categorizing traits across four MBTI axes: extraversion-introversion (favorite world); sensing-intuition (information processing preference); thinking-feeling (decision making); and judging-perceiving (structure). Participant characteristics did not significantly differ across MBTI axes (p≥0.07), minimizing potential confounding factors. Notably, individuals classified as intuitive showed significantly longer flight times (p = 0.02) and larger RP (p = 0.007) compared to sensing individuals, suggesting a greater reliance on the fast stretch-shortening cycle and showcasing superior use of their lower limb structures as springs. This suggests potential implications for sports performance, with intuition individuals possibly excelling in plyometric sports. However, no significant associations were found between biomechanical performance and the other three MBTI axes (p≥0.12), challenging the initial hypothesis. This research provides initial insights into the nuanced relationship between personality traits and movement patterns, indicating the potential for tailored physical interventions to enhance adherence and optimize responses in training programs.},
}
@article {pmid39356644,
year = {2024},
author = {Hu, J and Li, S and Zhang, Y and Du, D and Zhu, X},
title = {Potential Regulatory Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Lipid Metabolism of Maize in Response to Low-Temperature Stress.},
journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jafc.4c06908},
pmid = {39356644},
issn = {1520-5118},
abstract = {The specific mechanisms underlying membrane lipid remodeling and changes in gene expression induced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in low-temperature-stressed plants are still unclear. In this study, physiological, transcriptomic, and lipidomic analyses were used to elucidate the physiological mechanisms by which AMF can enhance the adaptation of maize plants to low-temperature stress. The results showed that the relative electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde content of maize leaves were decreased after the inoculation with AMF, indicating that AMF reduced the peroxidation of membrane lipids and maintained the fluidity of the cell membrane. Transcriptomic analysis showed the presence of 702 differentially expressed genes induced by AMF in maize plants exposed to low-temperature stress. Furthermore, lipidomic analysis revealed changes in 10 lipid classes in AMF-inoculated maize plants compared with their noninoculated counterparts under low-temperature stress conditions. Lipid remodeling is an important strategy that arbuscular mycorrhizal plants adopt to cope with low-temperature stress.},
}
@article {pmid39354935,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, N and Chen, W and Wang, B and Zhang, C and Wang, Y and Li, R and Yan, Y and He, J},
title = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve the disease resistance of Lycium barbarum to root rot by activating phenylpropane metabolism.},
journal = {Frontiers in plant science},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1459651},
pmid = {39354935},
issn = {1664-462X},
abstract = {Root rot is one of the common diseases of Lycium barbarum. Pathogens can cause devastating disasters to plants after infecting host plants. This study investigated the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Rhizophagus intraradices inoculation on phenylpropane metabolism in L. barbarum and evaluated its resistance to root rot. The experiment was set up with AMF inoculation treatments (inoculated or not) and root rot pathogen-Fusarium solani inoculation treatments (inoculated or not). The results showed that AMF was able to form a symbiosis with the root system of L. barbarum, thereby promoting plant growth significantly and increasing plants' resistance to disease stress. The plant height of AMF-colonized L. barbarum increased by 24.83% compared to non-inoculated diseased plants. After inoculation with AMF, the plant defense response induced by pathogen infection was stronger. When the enzyme activity of the leaves reached the maximum after the onset of mycorrhizal L. barbarum, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase, and 4-coumaric acid-CoA ligase increased by 3.67%, 31.47%, and 13.61%, respectively, compared with the non-inoculated diseased plants. The products related to the lignin pathway and flavonoid pathway downstream of phenylpropane metabolism such as lignin and flavonoids were also significantly increased by 141.65% and 44.61% compared to nonmycorrhizal diseased plants. The activities of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase increased by 36.00% and 57.96%, respectively. The contents of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid were also 17.7% and 31.63% higher than those of nonmycorrhizal plants in the early stage of plant growth, respectively. The results indicated that AMF significantly promoted plant growth and enhanced disease resistance by increasing enzyme activities and the production of lignin and flavonoids.},
}
@article {pmid39354912,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, E and Wang, Y and Chen, S and Zhou, D and Shangguan, Z and Huang, J and He, JS and Wang, Y and Sheng, J and Tang, L and Li, X and Dong, M and Wu, Y and Hu, S and Bai, Y},
title = {Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Increases Plant Phylogenetic Diversity and Regulates Community Assembly in Grasslands.},
journal = {Ecology letters},
volume = {27},
number = {9},
pages = {e14516},
doi = {10.1111/ele.14516},
pmid = {39354912},
issn = {1461-0248},
support = {2023YFF1304105//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 332192464//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Grassland ; *Biodiversity ; China ; *Phylogeny ; Plants/microbiology ; },
abstract = {The intricate mechanisms controlling plant diversity and community composition are cornerstone of ecological understanding. Yet, the role of mycorrhizal symbiosis in influencing community composition has often been underestimated. Here, we use extensive species survey data from 1315 grassland sites in China to elucidate the influence of mycorrhizal symbiosis on plant phylogenetic diversity and community assembly. We show that increasing mycorrhizal symbiotic potential leads to greater phylogenetic dispersion within plant communities. Mycorrhizal species predominantly influence deterministic processes, suggesting a role in niche-based community assembly. Conversely, non-mycorrhizal species exert a stronger influence on stochastic processes, highlighting the importance of random events in shaping community structure. These results underscore the crucial but often hidden role of mycorrhizal symbiosis in driving plant community diversity and assembly. This study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms shaping ecological communities and the way for more informed conservation that acknowledges the complex interplay between symbiosis and community dynamics.},
}
@article {pmid39353557,
year = {2024},
author = {Emery, MA and Beavers, KM and Van Buren, EW and Batiste, R and Dimos, B and Pellegrino, MW and Mydlarz, LD},
title = {Trade-off between photosymbiosis and innate immunity influences cnidarian's response to pathogenic bacteria.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {291},
number = {2032},
pages = {20240428},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2024.0428},
pmid = {39353557},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//National Science Foundation/ ; //University of Texas at Arlington Phi Sigma Chapter/ ; //Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis ; *Immunity, Innate ; *Serratia marcescens/physiology ; Dinoflagellida/physiology/immunology ; Scyphozoa/microbiology/immunology/physiology ; Cnidaria/immunology/physiology ; Photosynthesis ; },
abstract = {Mutualistic relationships with photosynthetic organisms are common in cnidarians, which form an intracellular symbiosis with dinoflagellates in the family Symbiodiniaceae. The establishment and maintenance of these symbionts are associated with the suppression of key host immune factors. Because of this, there are potential trade-offs between the nutrition that cnidarian hosts gain from their symbionts and their ability to successfully defend themselves from pathogens. To investigate these potential trade-offs, we utilized the facultatively symbiotic polyps of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana and exposed aposymbiotic and symbiotic polyps to the pathogen Serratia marcescens. Symbiotic polyps had a lower probability of survival following S. marcescens exposure. Gene expression analyses 24 hours following pathogen exposure indicate that symbiotic animals mounted a more damaging immune response, with higher levels of inflammation and oxidative stress likely resulting in more severe disruptions to cellular homeostasis. Underlying this more damaging immune response may be differences in constitutive and pathogen-induced expression of immune transcription factors between aposymbiotic and symbiotic polyps rather than broadscale immune suppression during symbiosis. Our findings indicate that in facultatively symbiotic polyps, hosting symbionts limits C. xamachana's ability to survive pathogen exposure, indicating a trade-off between symbiosis and immunity that has potential implications for coral disease research.},
}
@article {pmid39353261,
year = {2024},
author = {Chomicki, G and Walker-Hale, N and Etchells, JP and Ritter, EJ and Weber, MG},
title = {Diversity and development of domatia: Symbiotic plant structures to host mutualistic ants or mites.},
journal = {Current opinion in plant biology},
volume = {82},
number = {},
pages = {102647},
doi = {10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102647},
pmid = {39353261},
issn = {1879-0356},
abstract = {Across the tree of life, specialized structures that offer nesting sites to ants or mites - known as domatia - have evolved independently hundreds of times, facilitating ecologically important defence and/or nutritional mutualisms. Domatia show remarkable diversity in morphology and developmental origin. Here we review the morpho-anatomical diversity of domatia, aiming to unveil the primary mechanisms governing their development. We propose hypotheses to explain the formation of these structures, based on anatomical studies of domatia and developmental genetic analyses in model species. While genes involved in domatium formation are so far unknown, domatia appear to originate via spatiotemporal shifts in the expression of common developmental genetic pathways. Our review paves the way to the genetic dissection of domatium development.},
}
@article {pmid39353192,
year = {2024},
author = {Tao, Y and Zhu, R and Wu, D},
title = {Harnessing the Power of Complementarity Between Smart Tracking Technology and Associated Health Information Technologies: Longitudinal Study.},
journal = {JMIR formative research},
volume = {8},
number = {},
pages = {e51198},
doi = {10.2196/51198},
pmid = {39353192},
issn = {2561-326X},
mesh = {Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; *Patient Readmission/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Medical Informatics/methods ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Adult ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Smart tracking technology (STT) that was applied for clinical use has the potential to reduce 30-day all-cause readmission risk through streamlining clinical workflows with improved accuracy, mobility, and efficiency. However, previously published literature has inadequately addressed the joint effects of STT for clinical use and its complementary health ITs (HITs) in this context. Furthermore, while previous studies have discussed the symbiotic and pooled complementarity effects among different HITs, there is a lack of evidence-based research specifically examining the complementarity effects between STT for clinical use and other relevant HITs.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: Through a complementarity theory lens, this study aims to examine the joint effects of STT for clinical use and 3 relevant HITs on 30-day all-cause readmission risk. These HITs are STT for supply chain management, mobile IT, and health information exchange (HIE). Specifically, this study examines whether the pooled complementarity effect exists between STT for clinical use and STT for supply chain management, and whether symbiotic complementarity effects exist between STT for clinical use and mobile IT and between STT for clinical use and HIE.<br><br>METHODS: This study uses a longitudinal in-patient dataset, including 879,122 in-patient hospital admissions for 347,949 patients in 61 hospitals located in Florida and New York in the United States, from 2014 to 2015. Logistic regression was applied to assess the effect of HITs on readmission risks. Time and hospital fixed effects were controlled in the regression model. Robust standard errors (SEs) were used to account for potential heteroskedasticity. These errors were further clustered at the patient level to consider possible correlations within the patient groups.<br><br>RESULTS: The interaction between STT for clinical use and STT for supply chain management, mobile IT, and HIE was negatively associated with 30-day readmission risk, with coefficients of -0.0352 (P=.003), -0.0520 (P<.001), and -0.0216 (P=.04), respectively. These results indicate that the pooled complementarity effect exists between STT for clinical use and STT for supply chain management, and symbiotic complementarity effects exist between STT for clinical use and mobile IT and between STT for clinical use and HIE. Furthermore, the joint effects of these HITs varied depending on the hospital affiliation and patients' disease types.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our results reveal that while individual HIT implementations have varying impacts on 30-day readmission risk, their joint effects are often associated with a reduction in 30-day readmission risk. This study substantially contributes to HIT value literature by quantifying the complementarity effects among 4 different types of HITs: STT for clinical use, STT for supply chain management, mobile IT, and HIE. It further offers practical implications for hospitals to maximize the benefits of their complementary HITs in reducing the 30-day readmission risk in their respective care scenarios.},
}
@article {pmid39354409,
year = {2024},
author = {González-Pech, RA and Shepherd, J and Fuller, ZL and LaJeunesse, TC and Parkinson, JE},
title = {The genome of a giant clam zooxanthella (Cladocopium infistulum) offers few clues to adaptation as an extracellular symbiont with high thermotolerance.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {914},
pmid = {39354409},
issn = {1471-2164},
support = {0142687//University of South Florida Research &amp; Innovation Internal Awards Program/ ; },
mesh = {*Symbiosis/genetics ; Animals ; *Dinoflagellida/genetics/physiology ; *Thermotolerance/genetics ; *Bivalvia/genetics/physiology ; *Phylogeny ; Genome ; Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Genomics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cladocopium infistulum (Symbiodiniaceae) is a dinoflagellate specialized to live in symbiosis with western Pacific giant clams (Tridacnidae). Unlike coral-associated symbionts, which reside within the host cells, C. infistulum inhabits the extracellular spaces of the clam's digestive diverticula. It is phylogenetically basal to a large species complex of stress-tolerant Cladocopium, many of which are associated with important reef-building corals in the genus Porites. This close phylogenetic relationship may explain why C. infistulum exhibits high thermotolerance relative to other tridacnid symbionts. Moreover, past analyses of microsatellite loci indicated that Cladocopium underwent whole-genome duplication prior to the adaptive radiations that led to its present diversity.<br><br>RESULTS: A draft genome assembly of C. infistulum was produced using long- and short-read sequences to explore the genomic basis for adaptations underlying thermotolerance and extracellular symbiosis among dinoflagellates and to look for evidence of genome duplication. Comparison to three other Cladocopium genomes revealed no obvious over-representation of gene groups or families whose functions would be important for maintaining C. infistulum's unique physiological and ecological properties. Preliminary analyses support the existence of partial or whole-genome duplication among Cladocopium, but additional high-quality genomes are required to substantiate these findings.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Although this investigation of Cladocopium infistulum revealed no patterns diagnostic of heat tolerance or extracellular symbiosis in terms of overrepresentation of gene functions or genes under selection, it provided a valuable genomic resource for comparative analyses. It also indicates that ecological divergence among Cladocopium species, and potentially among other dinoflagellates, is partially governed by mechanisms other than gene content. Thus, additional high-quality, multiomic data are needed to explore the molecular basis of key phenotypes among symbiotic microalgae.},
}
@article {pmid39354027,
year = {2024},
author = {Dhalaria, R and Verma, R and Sharma, R and Jomova, K and Nepovimova, E and Kumar, H and Kuca, K},
title = {Assessing the potential role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in improving the phytochemical content and antioxidant properties in Gomphrena globosa.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {22830},
pmid = {39354027},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {VEGA Project 1/0542/24//Scientific Grant Agency/ ; APVV-15-0079//Research and Development Support Agency/ ; Excellence project PrF UHK 2016/2023-2024//UHK/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/metabolism ; *Antioxidants/pharmacology/metabolism/analysis ; *Phytochemicals/analysis/chemistry/pharmacology ; *Flavonoids/analysis/metabolism ; *Plant Extracts/pharmacology/chemistry ; Phenols/metabolism/analysis ; Tannins/analysis/metabolism ; Flowers/chemistry/metabolism/microbiology ; Symbiosis ; Saponins/analysis/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Strategies to increase the secondary metabolite production, obtained from medicinal plants has been the topic of research in recent years. The symbiotic interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plants allows host-fungus pairings to enhance secondary metabolite synthesis. Therefore, the current study investigated the effect of inoculating two distinct AMF species discretely as well as in conjunction on the flower-derived secondary metabolites in Gomphrena globosa. The findings showed that the plants inoculated with combined treatment exhibited higher total phenolic (50.11 mg GAE/g DW), flavonoids (29.67 mg QE/g DW), saponins (122.55 mg DE/g DW), tannins (165.71 TAE/g DW) and terpenoid (8.24 mg LE/g DW) content in the methanolic extract. HPTLC examination showed the existence of kaempferol and benzoic acid with the highest amount (0.90% and 5.83% respectively) observed in the same treatment. FTIR analysis revealed functional group peaks with increased peak intensity in the combination treatment. Higher antioxidant activities such as DPPH (IC50: 401.39 µg/mL), ABTS (IC50: 71.18 µg/mL) and FRAP (8774.73 µM Fe (II) equivalent) were observed in the methanolic extract of combined treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the impact of AMF inoculation on bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities in G. globosa flowers. Moreover, this study could lead to the development of novel pharmaceuticals and herbal remedies for various diseases.},
}
@article {pmid39352455,
year = {2024},
author = {Bunn, RA and Corrêa, A and Joshi, J and Kaiser, C and Lekberg, Y and Prescott, CE and Sala, A and Karst, J},
title = {What determines transfer of carbon from plants to mycorrhizal fungi?.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.20145},
pmid = {39352455},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {//MPG Ranch/ ; 819446//H2020 European Research Council/ ; COE7//Austrian Science Fund/ ; },
abstract = {Biological Market Models are common evolutionary frameworks to understand the maintenance of mutualism in mycorrhizas. 'Surplus C' hypotheses provide an alternative framework where stoichiometry and source-sink dynamics govern mycorrhizal function. A critical difference between these frameworks is whether carbon transfer from plants is regulated by nutrient transfer from fungi or through source-sink dynamics. In this review, we: provide a historical perspective; summarize studies that asked whether plants transfer more carbon to fungi that transfer more nutrients; conduct a meta-analysis to assess whether mycorrhizal plant growth suppressions are related to carbon transfer; and review literature on cellular mechanisms for carbon transfer. In sum, current knowledge does not indicate that carbon transfer from plants is directly regulated by nutrient delivery from fungi. Further, mycorrhizal plant growth responses were linked to nutrient uptake rather than carbon transfer. These findings are more consistent with 'Surplus C' hypotheses than Biological Market Models. However, we also identify research gaps, and future research may uncover a mechanism directly linking carbon and nutrient transfer. Until then, we urge caution when applying economic terminology to describe mycorrhizas. We present a synthesis of ideas, consider knowledge gaps, and suggest experiments to advance the field.},
}
@article {pmid39351829,
year = {2024},
author = {Suetsugu, K and Matsubayashi, J and Okada, H},
title = {Stable Isotope Signatures Illuminate Diverse Nutritional Strategies in Rhizoctonias and Their Orchid Partners.},
journal = {Plant, cell &amp; environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pce.15167},
pmid = {39351829},
issn = {1365-3040},
support = {//Financial support for this study was generously provided by Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) (JPMJPR21D6) from the Japan Science and Technology Agency, and the JSPS KAKENHI (21H04784), as well as a Joint Research Grant for the Environmental Isotope Study of Research Institute for Humanity and Nature./ ; },
abstract = {Understanding the nutritional ecology of orchids, particularly those in symbiosis with rhizoctonias, presents a complex challenge. This complexity arises partly from the absence of macroscopic fruit bodies in rhizoctonias, which impedes the acquisition of their stable isotope data. In this study, we investigated the fungal associations and isotopic signatures in the pelotons of Stigmatodactylus sikokianus (associated with non-ectomycorrhizal [non-ECM] rhizoctonias) and Chamaegastrodia shikokiana (associated with ECM rhizoctonias). Our research reveals elevated levels of [13]C enrichment in S. sikokianus plants and their pelotons, similar to those found in fully mycoheterotrophic orchids and their mycobionts. Interestingly, C. shikokiana plants and their pelotons exhibited even higher levels of [13]C and [15]N enrichment than many other fully mycoheterotrophic species. Our findings imply that both ECM and saprotrophic mycobionts, including certain rhizoctonias, can fulfill the carbon needs of highly mycoheterotrophic orchids. This finding also indicates that [13]C enrichment can be an indicator of mycoheterotrophy in at least some rhizoctonia-associated orchids, despite the typically low [13]C enrichment in non-ECM rhizoctonias. Our demonstration of partial mycoheterotrophy in S. sikokianus suggests a broader prevalence of this nutritional strategy among orchids, given that almost all orchids are associated with non-ECM rhizoctonias.},
}
@article {pmid39350697,
year = {2024},
author = {Díaz-Hernández, AM and Sepúlveda, DA and González-González, A and Briones, LM and Correa, MCG and Figueroa, CC},
title = {Water deficit and aphid resilience on wheat: examining Sitobion avenae F. and their bacterial symbionts interplay under controlled laboratory conditions.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.8428},
pmid = {39350697},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {1210713//ANID/FONDECYT Regular/ ; ATE230025//ANID/Anillos/ ; 3240368//ANID/FONDECYT Postdoctoral/ ; 220194//ANID/FOVI/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Climate change has far-reaching effects on food security and agriculture, affecting crop yields and food distribution. Agriculture relies heavily on water for irrigation and production, making it vulnerable to water scarcity. Additionally, climate change can affect crop pest insects, leading to increased global crop losses, particularly in cereals, an important component of the human diet. Aphids are major crop pests and have a symbiotic relationship with bacterial endosymbionts that can contribute to their success as pests under a climate change scenario. To test the effect of drought on aphids, we examined varying levels of water deficit and endosymbiont composition on the grain aphid (Sitobion avenae) performance on wheat under controlled laboratory conditions. We measured the intrinsic rate of population increase (rm), the body weight of adult aphids, and the pre-reproductive period for different genotypes of the grain aphid (including Chilean superclones) under different irrigation regimes. We also analyzed the relative abundance of their endosymbionts under the different water treatments.<br><br>RESULTS: Our findings revealed that water deficit affects each aphid genotype differently, impacting various traits. For instance, the body weight of adult aphids was notably affected by different water treatments, with aphids grown under intermediate water deficit (IW) being significantly bigger. The relative abundance of endosymbionts also varied among genotypes and water treatments-specifically Regiella insecticola had a noticeably higher abundance under IW (P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05).<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study provides valuable insights into the impact of water deficit on aphid performance and the role of endosymbionts in mitigating the effects of water deficit. &#xa9; 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid39350172,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, T and Liu, Z and Fan, J and Yuan, Y and Liu, H and Xian, W and Xiang, S and Yang, X and Liu, Y and Liu, S and Zhang, M and Jiao, Y and Cheng, S and Doyle, JJ and Xie, F and Li, J and Tian, Z},
title = {Loss of Lateral suppressor gene is associated with evolution of root nodule symbiosis in Leguminosae.},
journal = {Genome biology},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {250},
pmid = {39350172},
issn = {1474-760X},
mesh = {*Symbiosis/genetics ; *Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology/genetics ; *Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Phylogeny ; *Fabaceae/genetics/microbiology ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Plant Root Nodulation/genetics ; Medicago truncatula/genetics/microbiology ; Genes, Plant ; Glycine max/genetics/microbiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Root nodule symbiosis (RNS) is a fascinating evolutionary event. Given that limited genes conferring the evolution of RNS in Leguminosae have been functionally validated, the genetic basis of the evolution of RNS remains largely unknown. Identifying the genes involved in the evolution of RNS will help to reveal the mystery.<br><br>RESULTS: Here, we investigate the gene loss event during the evolution of RNS in Leguminosae through phylogenomic and synteny analyses in 48 species including 16 Leguminosae species. We reveal that loss of the Lateral suppressor gene, a member of the GRAS-domain protein family, is associated with the evolution of RNS in Leguminosae. Ectopic expression of the Lateral suppressor (Ls) gene from tomato and its homolog MONOCULM 1 (MOC1) and Os7 from rice in soybean and Medicago truncatula result in almost completely lost nodulation capability. Further investigation shows that Lateral suppressor protein, Ls, MOC1, and Os7 might function through an interaction with NODULATION SIGNALING PATHWAY 2 (NSP2) and CYCLOPS to repress the transcription of NODULE INCEPTION (NIN) to inhibit the nodulation in Leguminosae. Additionally, we find that the cathepsin H (CTSH), a conserved protein, could interact with Lateral suppressor protein, Ls, MOC1, and Os7 and affect the nodulation.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study sheds light on uncovering the genetic basis of the evolution of RNS in Leguminosae and suggests that gene loss plays an essential role.},
}
@article {pmid39350012,
year = {2024},
author = {Kumar, P and Joshi, AK and Sharma, N and Lata, S and Mehmood, S and Ahlawat, YK and Malik, A and Moussa, IM and Kerketta, A and Soni, P},
title = {Integrative approaches to improve litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) plant health using bio-transformations and entomopathogenic fungi.},
journal = {BMC plant biology},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {902},
pmid = {39350012},
issn = {1471-2229},
mesh = {*Litchi/microbiology/metabolism ; *Rhizosphere ; Azotobacter/metabolism ; Soil Microbiology ; Pseudomonas/physiology ; Symbiosis ; Metarhizium/physiology ; Mycorrhizae/physiology ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; Fungi/physiology ; },
abstract = {Bio-transformations refer to the chemical modifications made by an organism on a chemical compound that often involves the interaction of plants with microbes to alter the chemical composition of soil or plant. Integrating bio-transformations and entomopathogenic fungi into litchi cultivation can enhance symbiotic relationships, microbial enzymatic activity in rhizosphere, disease suppression and promote overall plant health. The integration of biological formulations and entomopathogenic fungi can significantly influence growth, nutrient dynamics, physiology, and rhizosphere microbiome of air-layered litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) saplings. Biological modifications included, K-mobilizers, AM fungi, Pseudomonas florescence and Azotobacter chroococcum along with Metarhizium, entomopathogenic fungi have been used. The treatments included, T1-Litchi orchard soil + sand (1:1); T2-Sand + AM fungi + Azotobacter chroococcum (1:2:1); T3-Sand + Pseudomonas florecence + K-mobilizer (1:1:1); T4- AM fungi + K-mobilizers (1:1); T5, P. Florecence + A. chroococcum + K-mobilizer (1:1:1); T6-Sand + P. florecence (1:2) and T7-Uninoculated control for field performance. Treatments T4-T6 were further uniformly amended with drenching of Metarrhizium in rhizosphere. T2 application significantly increased resident microbe survival, total chlorophyll content and root soil ratio in seedlings. A. chroococcum, Pseudomonas, K-mobilizers and AM fungi increased in microbial biomass of 2.59, 3.39, 2.42 and 2.77 times, respectively. Acidic phosphatases, dehydrogenases and alkaline phosphatases were increased in rhizosphere. Leaf nutrients reflected through DOP were considerably altered by T2 treatment. Based on Eigen value, PCA-induced changes at biological modifications showed maximum total variance. The study inferred that the bio-transformations through microbial inoculants and entomopathogenic fungi could be an encouraging strategy to enhance the growth of plants, health and productivity. Such practices align well with the goals of sustainable agriculture through biological means by reducing dependency on chemical inputs. By delving into these aspects, the research gaps including microbial processes, competitive and symbiotic relationships, resistance in microbes and how complex interactions among bio-transformations, entomopathogenic fungi and microbes can significantly impact the health and productivity of litchi. Understanding and harnessing these interactions can lead to more effective and sustainable farming practices.},
}
@article {pmid39349234,
year = {2024},
author = {Montenegro-López, D and Cortés-Cortés, G and Balbuena-Alonso, MG and Warner, C and Camps, M},
title = {Wolbachia-Based Emerging Strategies for Control of Vector-Transmitted Disease.},
journal = {Acta tropica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {107410},
doi = {10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107410},
pmid = {39349234},
issn = {1873-6254},
abstract = {Dengue fever is a mosquito-transmitted disease of great public health importance. Dengue lacks adequate vaccine protection and insecticide-based methods of mosquito control are proving increasingly ineffective. Here we review the emerging use of mosquitoes transinfected with the obligate intracellular bacterium Wolbachia pipientis for vector control. Wolbachia often induces cytoplasmic incompatibility in its mosquito hosts, resulting in infertile progeny between an infected male and an uninfected female. Wolbachia infection also suppresses the replication of pathogens in the mosquito, a process known as "pathogen blocking". Two strategies have emerged. The first one releases Wolbachia-carriers (both male and female) to replace the wild mosquito population, a process driven by cytoplasmic incompatibility and that becomes irreversible once a threshold is reached. This suppresses disease transmission mainly by pathogen blocking and frequently requires a single intervention. The second strategy floods the field population with an exclusively male population of Wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes to generate infertile hybrid progeny. In this case, transmission suppression depends largely on decreasing the population density of mosquitoes caused by infertility and requires continued mosquito release. The efficacy of both Wolbachia-based approaches has been conclusively demonstrated by randomized and non-randomized studies of deployments across the world. However, results conducted in one setting cannot be directly or easily extrapolated to other settings because dengue incidence is highly affected by the conditions into which the mosquitoes are released. Compared to traditional methods, Wolbachia-based approaches are much more environmentally friendly and can be effective in the medium/long term. On the flip side, they are much more complex and cost-intensive operations, requiring a substantial investment, infrastructure, trained personnel, coordination between agencies, and community engagement. Finally, we discuss recent evidence suggesting that transinfected Wolbachia in released mosquitoes has a moderate potential risk of spreading genes in the environment.},
}
@article {pmid39348094,
year = {2024},
author = {Schweiggert-Weisz, U and Etzbach, L and Gola, S and Kulling, SE and Diekmann, C and Egert, S and Daniel, H},
title = {Opinion Piece: New Plant-Based Food Products Between Technology and Physiology.},
journal = {Molecular nutrition &amp; food research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2400376},
doi = {10.1002/mnfr.202400376},
pmid = {39348094},
issn = {1613-4133},
support = {//German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)/ ; },
abstract = {The rapid growth of product sectors for plant-based meat and dairy alternatives has raised significant scientific interest in their nutritional and ecological benefits. Here, it outlines the fractionation of plant-based raw materials and describes the technologies applied in the production of meat and dairy substitutes. Moreover, the study describes the effects of these new products on human nutrient supply and metabolic responses. Examples of meat-like products produced by extrusion technology and dairy alternatives are provided, addressing production challenges and the effects of processing on nutrient digestibility and bioavailability. In contrast to animal-based products, plant-based protein ingredients can contain many compounds produced by plants for defense or symbiotic interactions, such as lectins, phytates, and a wide range of secondary metabolites. The intake of these compounds as part of a plant-based diet can influence the digestion, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability of essential nutrients such as minerals and trace elements but also of amino acids. This is a critical factor, especially in regions with limited plant species for human consumption and inadequate technologies to eliminate these compounds. To fully understand these impacts and ensure that plant-based diets meet human nutritional needs, well-controlled human studies are needed.},
}
@article {pmid39347570,
year = {2024},
author = {Lee, J-Y and Bays, DJ and Savage, HP and Bäumler, AJ},
title = {The human gut microbiome in health and disease: time for a new chapter?.},
journal = {Infection and immunity},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0030224},
doi = {10.1128/iai.00302-24},
pmid = {39347570},
issn = {1098-5522},
abstract = {The gut microbiome, composed of the colonic microbiota and their host environment, is important for many aspects of human health. A gut microbiome imbalance (gut dysbiosis) is associated with major causes of human morbidity and mortality. Despite the central part our gut microbiome plays in health and disease, mechanisms that maintain homeostasis and properties that demarcate dysbiosis remain largely undefined. Here we discuss that sorting taxa into meaningful ecological units reveals that the availability of respiratory electron acceptors, such as oxygen, in the host environment has a dominant influence on gut microbiome health. During homeostasis, host functions that limit the diffusion of oxygen into the colonic lumen shelter a microbial community dominated by primary fermenters from atmospheric oxygen. In turn, primary fermenters break down unabsorbed nutrients into fermentation products that support host nutrition. This symbiotic relationship is disrupted when host functions that limit the luminal availability of host-derived electron acceptors become weakened. The resulting changes in the host environment drive alterations in the microbiota composition, which feature an elevated abundance of facultatively anaerobic microbes. Thus, the part of the gut microbiome that becomes imbalanced during dysbiosis is the host environment, whereas changes in the microbiota composition are secondary to this underlying cause. This shift in our understanding of dysbiosis provides a novel starting point for therapeutic strategies to restore microbiome health. Such strategies can either target the microbes through metabolism-based editing or strengthen the host functions that control their environment.},
}
@article {pmid39347544,
year = {2024},
author = {Yergaliyev, T and Künzel, S and Hanauska, A and Rees, A and Wild, KJ and Pétursdóttir, &#xc1;H and Gunnlaugsdóttir, H and Reynolds, CK and Humphries, DJ and Rodehutscord, M and Camarinha-Silva, A},
title = {The effect of Asparagopsis taxiformis, Ascophyllum nodosum, and Fucus vesiculosus on ruminal methanogenesis and metagenomic functional profiles in vitro.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0394223},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.03942-23},
pmid = {39347544},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: The ruminant-microorganism symbiosis is unique by providing high-quality food from fibrous materials but also contributes to the production of one of the most potent greenhouse gases-methane. Mitigating methanogenesis in ruminants has been a focus of interest in the past decades. One of the promising strategies to combat methane production is the use of feed supplements, such as seaweeds, that might mitigate methanogenesis via microbiome modulation and direct chemical inhibition. We conducted in vitro investigations of the effect of three seaweeds (Ascophyllum nodosum, Asparagopsis taxiformis, and Fucus vesiculosus) harvested at different locations (Iceland, Scotland, and Portugal) on methane production. We applied metataxonomics (16S rRNA gene amplicons) and metagenomics (shotgun) methods to uncover the interplay between the microbiome's taxonomical and functional states, methanogenesis rates, and seaweed supplementations. Methane concentration was reduced by A. nodosum and F. vesiculosus, both harvested in Scotland and A. taxiformis, with the greatest effect of the latter. A. taxiformis acted through the reduction of archaea-to-bacteria ratios but not eukaryotes-to-bacteria. Moreover, A. taxiformis application was accompanied by shifts in both taxonomic and functional profiles of the microbial communities, decreasing not only archaeal ratios but also abundances of methanogenesis-associated functions. Methanobrevibacter "SGMT" (M. smithii, M. gottschalkii, M. millerae or M. thaueri; high methane yield) to "RO" (M. ruminantium and M. olleyae; low methane yield) clades ratios were also decreased, indicating that A. taxiformis application favored Methanobrevibacter species that produce less methane. Most of the functions directly involved in methanogenesis were less abundant, while the abundances of the small subset of functions that participate in methane assimilation were increased.<br><br>IMPORTANCE: The application of A. taxiformis significantly reduced methane production in vitro. We showed that this reduction was linked to changes in microbial function profiles, the decline in the overall archaeal community counts, and shifts in ratios of Methanobrevibacter "SGMT" and "RO" clades. A. nodosum and F. vesiculosus, obtained from Scotland, also decreased methane concentration in the total gas, while the same seaweed species from Iceland did not.},
}
@article {pmid39347381,
year = {2024},
author = {Malat, I and Drancourt, M and Grine, G},
title = {Methanobrevibacter smithii cell variants in human physiology and pathology: A review.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {18},
pages = {e36742},
pmid = {39347381},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Methanobrevibacter smithii (M. smithii), initially isolated from human feces, has been recognised as a distinct taxon within the Archaea domain following comprehensive phenotypic, genetic, and genomic analyses confirming its uniqueness among methanogens. Its diversity, encompassing 15 genotypes, mirrors that of biotic and host-associated ecosystems in which M. smithii plays a crucial role in detoxifying hydrogen from bacterial fermentations, converting it into mechanically expelled gaseous methane. In microbiota in contact with host epithelial mucosae, M. smithii centres metabolism-driven microbial networks with Bacteroides, Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Veillonella, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, whereas symbiotic association with the nanoarchaea Candidatus Nanopusillus phoceensis determines small and large cell variants of M. smithii. The former translocate with bacteria to induce detectable inflammatory and serological responses and are co-cultured from blood, urine, and tissular abscesses with bacteria, prototyping M. smithii as a model organism for pathogenicity by association. The sources, mechanisms and dynamics of in utero and lifespan M. smithii acquisition, its diversity, and its susceptibility to molecules of environmental, veterinary, and medical interest still have to be deeply investigated, as only four strains of M. smithii are available in microbial collections, despite the pivotal role this neglected microorganism plays in microbiota physiology and pathologies.},
}
@article {pmid39347164,
year = {2024},
author = {Previ, L and Iorio, R and Solmone, M and Mazza, D and Marzilli, F and Di Niccolo, R and Corsetti, F and Viglietta, E and Carrozzo, A and Maffulli, N},
title = {Worrying Presence of Asymptomatic Bacterial Colonisation on Implanted Orthopedic Devices.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {8},
pages = {e68126},
pmid = {39347164},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Background Bacterial infection after hardware implantation in orthopedic and trauma surgery is devastating, resulting in increased hospital costs and stays, multiple revision surgeries, and prolonged use of antibiotics. The present study aims to determine whether a symbiotic relationship between the human organism and bacteria in hardware implantation may be present, without clinically evident infection. Materials and methods We studied explanted devices for microbiological analysis, using the sonication technique, from patients who underwent surgical removal of musculoskeletal hardware for mechanical reasons. None of the patients included in the study had clinical or biochemical signs of infection. Results Forty-nine patients were enrolled. Cultures tested positive for bacteria in 42.8% of the 49 patients (21 of 49). In 13 patients, Gram-positive bacteria were isolated, while Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from nine patients. The most frequent bacterial species found was Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with six positive cultures (28.5%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated from ten implants (47%). Conclusion A pacific coexistence between humans and bacteria is possible following the implantation of metallic devices for trauma or orthopedic ailments. It is still unclear how strong or unstable this equilibrium is.},
}
@article {pmid39346888,
year = {2024},
author = {Yuan, P and Li, M and Chen, S and Xiang, W},
title = {Advances in Phosphogypsum Calcination and Decomposition Processes in Circulating Fluidized Beds.},
journal = {ACS omega},
volume = {9},
number = {38},
pages = {39307-39325},
pmid = {39346888},
issn = {2470-1343},
abstract = {Phosphogypsum (PG) is an industrial hazardous waste product discharged during wet-process phosphoric acid production. Once crystallized, the byproduct PG is filtered and separated from the liquid-phase product and sluiced to the disposal area near the production site for storage, seriously threatening the harmonious symbiosis between humans and nature. Therefore, devising effective solid waste management and cleaner production programs to contain and eliminate PG is of interest to researchers. In this study, the utilization status of PG is comprehensively reviewed, and a feasibility pathway for resourceful recovery of PG is proposed. The key challenges and countermeasures for the high-temperature calcination and decomposition of PG are analyzed and discussed. The visualization analysis based on bibliometrics reveals that the maximum recovery of abundant calcium (as CaO) and sulfur (as SO2) in PG and their utilization for the copreparation of calcium-based materials and sulfuric acid are the most suitable solutions for the large-scale application of PG. Five challenges that restrict the commercial promotion of PG calcination and decomposition processes are perfecting the calcium-sulfur conversion mechanism, establishing a process strengthening strategy, developing value-added technology routes, mastering unit scale-up regularity, and conducting sustainable performance assessment. Industrial applications are expected within 10-15 years.},
}
@article {pmid39346034,
year = {2024},
author = {Sittisart, P and Mahidsanan, T and Yuvanatemiya, V and Srinamngoen, P},
title = {Technological quality and fungal community of Kombucha fermented with hemp leaves and milky mushroom flour (Calocybe indica).},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {e18116},
pmid = {39346034},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {*Fermentation ; *Plant Leaves/microbiology/chemistry ; *Cannabis/chemistry ; Antioxidants/metabolism/analysis ; Kombucha Tea/microbiology ; Fungi ; Agaricales/chemistry ; Flavonoids/analysis/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Kombucha is traditionally a non-alcoholic beverage whose production is dependent on culture and the various ingredients used as substrates for fermentation. The goal of our study was to apply hemp leaf and milky mushroom (Calocybe indica) flour as functional ingredients to enhance phytonutrient quality, along with using a microbial consortium highly symbiotic with these ingredients. The study determined the content of phytonutrients (phenolic and flavonoids content), antioxidant activity through percentage inhibition of DPPH radical scavenging activity (%), and microbial communities changes during fermentation. The microbial changes were evaluated by cell viable count (total bacteria, Lactic Acid Bacteria, and Yeast &amp; Mold) and ITS in prepared kombucha (using red tea leaves, pandan leaves, and sucrose) supplemented with functional ingredients: T1 (hemp leaves (control)) and T2 (hemp leaves with milky mushroom flour). The results indicated that microbial consortium changed during fermentation. In the first 7 days, the levels of yeast and mold increased to 6.17 and 6.18 log CFU/mL, respectively. By day 21, the levels of both T1 and T2 continued to rise, reaching 7.78 and 7.82 log CFU/mL, respectively. The viable count of lactic acid bacteria in T1 and T2 gradually increased to 6.79 and 6.70 log CFU/mL, respectively, by day 14. These changes resulted in a marked decrease in pH value, reaching 3.63 and 3.23 in T1 and T2, respectively, by the end of the process (21 days). The total bacterial viable count decreased with an increase in the fermentation time. During fermentation, unique genera of tea fungus observed in T1 and T2 were 64% and 19%, respectively. At the beginning (0 days), the top five genera found in T1 were: g__Setophoma (25.91%), g__Macrocybe (14.88%), g__Cladosporium (7.81%), g__Phaeosphaeria (7.12%), g__Malassezia (6.63%), while the top five genera in T2 were g__Macrocybe (94.55%), g__Setophoma (1.87%), g__Cladosporium (0.77%), g__Phaeosphaeria (0.40%), g__Cordyceps (0.38%). However, on day 21 (end of the process), it was found that g__Dekkera had the highest relative abundance in both T1 and T2. In addition, the supplementation of the two ingredients affected the total phenolic and total flavonoid content of the treatments. At the end of the process, T2 showed values of 155.91 mg GAE/mL for total phenolics and 1.01 mg CE/mL for total flavonoids, compared to T1, which had 129.52 mg GAE/mL and 0.69 mg CE/mL, respectively. Additionally, the DPPH inhibition was higher in T1 (91.95%) compared to T2 (91.03%). The findings suggest that kombucha fermented with these innovative ingredients exhibited enhanced phytonutrients, and served as substrate for LAB and tea fungus fermentation, while limiting the growth of fungal genera and diversity of microbial consortium.},
}
@article {pmid39345965,
year = {2024},
author = {Dey, B and Jayaraman, S and Balasubramanian, P},
title = {Upcycling of tea processing waste into kombucha-derived bioactive cellulosic composite for prospective wound dressing action.},
journal = {3 Biotech},
volume = {14},
number = {10},
pages = {253},
pmid = {39345965},
issn = {2190-572X},
abstract = {The aim of the study was to utilize kombucha-derived bacterial cellulosic sheet [KBC], formed as a by-product of fermented, sugared black tea (in the presence of a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast), for potential wound dressing applications. KBC was functionalized using aqueous and ethanolic extracts of different phytochemical agents using two ex-situ methods- casting and impregnation. It was observed that casted KBC functionalized with ethanolic extract of Turmeric (1.2% w/w) yielded a maximum zone of inhibition (24.37 ± 0.42 mm) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The hemocompatibility test confirmed the composite's biocompatible nature as the percentage hemocompatibility was found to be less than 5%. The MTT assay established its viability and anti-cancerous properties with Turmeric extract loaded KBC showing higher efficiency compared to Tulsi extract. FTIR analysis and SEM imaging confirmed the functionalization of cellulose sheets and the change in morphology. The contact angle analysis showed improved hydrophilic properties of the sheets for absorbing wound exudates, and the water absorption study revealed maximum absorptivity of up to 321.20 ± 6.23%. Thus, it can be concluded from the study that tea processing waste can be reused to produce a value-added product that can act as an efficient, cost-effective biomaterial for wound dressing applications.},
}
@article {pmid39344507,
year = {2024},
author = {Xu, Y and Huang, Y and Wu, W and Suahid, MS and Luo, C and Zhu, Y and Guo, Y and Yuan, J},
title = {Augmentation of Fermentability and Bioavailability Characteristics of Wheat Bran via the Synergistic Interaction between Arabinoxylan-Specific Degrading Enzymes and Lactic Acid Bacteria.},
journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02423},
pmid = {39344507},
issn = {1520-5118},
abstract = {To enhance the use of wheat bran in chicken feed, a solid-state fermentation approach was used with Lactobacillus paracasei LAC28 and Pediococcus acidilactici BCC-1, along with arabinoxylan-specific degrading enzymes (xylanase, arabinofuranosidase, feruloyl esterase, XAF). The effects of the fermentation process were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro study, XAF supplementation demonstrated superior performance, significantly reducing the pH of the fermented wheat bran (FWB) and increasing lactic, acetic, and butyric acid levels, total phenol content, and free radical scavenging capacity (P < 0.05) compared to the XAF-free group. In the in vivo study, broilers were fed diets containing either unfermented wheat bran (UFWB) or FWB (fermented individually with LAC28 or BCC-1). Broilers fed FWB with BCC-1 exhibited significant improvements in body weight gain, intestinal morphology, and nutrient digestibility (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. Moreover, the FWB established a healthier microbial community in the avian gastrointestinal tract. Overall, this study demonstrated the potential of combining XAF and bacteria to enhance wheat bran fermentation, benefiting broiler intestinal health and growth. This innovative approach holds promise as a cost-efficient and sustainable strategy to improve the nutritional quality of wheat bran for animal feed applications.},
}
@article {pmid39344378,
year = {2024},
author = {Nyzhnyk, T and Kots, S and Pukhtaievych, P},
title = {Rhizobium Inoculant and Seed-Applied Fungicide Effects Improve the Drought Tolerance of Soybean Plants as an Effective Agroecological Solution under Climate Change Conditions.},
journal = {Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {23},
doi = {10.31083/j.fbe1603023},
pmid = {39344378},
issn = {1945-0508},
support = {0121U107432//National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine/ ; },
mesh = {*Glycine max/microbiology/drug effects/growth &amp; development ; *Fungicides, Industrial/pharmacology ; *Droughts ; *Climate Change ; *Seeds/drug effects/microbiology ; Rhizobium/physiology/drug effects ; Bradyrhizobium/drug effects/physiology ; Antioxidants/metabolism ; Symbiosis ; Drought Resistance ; Dioxoles ; Pyrroles ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Rhizobial inoculation in combination with fungicidal seed treatment is an effective solution for improving soybean resistance to modern climate changes due to the maximum implementation of the plant's stress-protective antioxidant properties and their nitrogen-fixing potential, which will contribute to the preservation of the environment.<br><br>METHODS: Model ecosystems at different stages of legume-rhizobial symbiosis formation, created by treatment before sowing soybean seeds with a fungicide (fludioxonil, 25 g/L) and inoculation with an active strain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (titer 109 cells per mL), were subjected to microbiological, biochemical, and physiological testing methods in controlled and field conditions.<br><br>RESULTS: Seed treatment with fungicide and rhizobia showed different patterns in the dynamics of key antioxidant enzymes in soybean nodules under drought conditions. Superoxide dismutase activity increased by 32.7% under moderate stress, while catalase increased by 90.6% under long-term stress. An increase in the antioxidant enzyme activity induced the regulation of lipoperoxidation processes during drought and after the restoration of irrigation. Regeneration after stress was evident in soybean plants with a combination of fungicide seed treatment and rhizobial inoculant, where enzyme levels and lipoperoxidation processes returned to control plant levels. Applying seed treatment with fungicide and Rhizobium led to the preservation of the symbiotic apparatus functioning in drought conditions. As proof of this, molecular nitrogen fixation by nodules has a higher efficiency of 25.6% compared to soybeans without fungicide treatment. In the field, fungicidal treatment of seeds in a complex with rhizobia inoculant induced prolongation of the symbiotic apparatus functioning in the reproductive period of soybean ontogenesis. This positively affected the nitrogen-fixing activity of soybeans during the pod formation stage by more than 71.7%, as well as increasing soybean yield by 12.7% in the field.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The application of Rhizobium inoculant and fungicide to seeds contributed to the development of antioxidant protection of soybean plants during droughts due to the activation of key enzymatic complexes and regulation of lipoperoxidation processes, which have a positive effect on nitrogen fixation and productivity of soybeans. This is a necessary element in soybean agrotechnologies to improve plant adaptation and resilience in the context of modern climate change.},
}
@article {pmid39344164,
year = {2024},
author = {McAtamney, A and Ferranti, A and Ludvik, DA and Yildiz, FH and Mandel, MJ and Hayward, T and Sanchez, LM},
title = {Microbial Metabolomics' Latest SICRIT: Soft Ionization by Chemical Reaction In-Transfer Mass Spectrometry.},
journal = {Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/jasms.4c00309},
pmid = {39344164},
issn = {1879-1123},
abstract = {Microbial metabolomics studies are a common approach for identifying microbial strains that have a capacity to produce new chemistries both in vitro and in situ. A limitation to applying microbial metabolomics to the discovery of new chemical entities is the rediscovery of known compounds, or "known unknowns." One factor contributing to this rediscovery is that the majority of laboratories use one ionization source─electrospray ionization (ESI)─to conduct metabolomics studies. Although ESI is an efficient, widely adopted ionization method, its widespread use may contribute to the reidentification of known metabolites. Here, we present the use of a dielectric barrier discharge ionization (DBDI) for microbial metabolomics applications through the use of soft ionization chemical reaction in-transfer (SICRIT). Additionally, we compared SICRIT to ESI using two different Vibrio species: Vibrio fischeri, a symbiotic marine bacterium, and Vibrio cholerae, a pathogenic bacterium. Overall, we found that the SICRIT source ionizes a different set of metabolites than ESI, and it has the ability to ionize lipids more efficiently than ESI in the positive mode. This work highlights the value of using more than one ionization source for the detection of metabolites.},
}
@article {pmid39343340,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhao, J and Song, M and Yin, D and Li, R and Yu, J and Ye, X and Chen, X},
title = {Sustainable transforming toxic sludge into amino acids via bacteria-algae consortium.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {120079},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2024.120079},
pmid = {39343340},
issn = {1096-0953},
abstract = {The utilization of residual sludge by microalgae represents an environmentally sustainable method for resource recovery. In this study, Tetradesmus obliquus was cultured in hydrolysate derived from toxic sludge. Under symbiotic conditions with bacteria, Tetradesmus obliquus demonstrated enhanced toxin degradation capability and biomass accumulation, which exhibited a 1.39-fold increase in algal cell density, a 1.50-fold increase in Rubisco activity, and a total protein content of 341.83 ± 6.99 mg/L on the 30th day of cultivation. Metabolic utilization of substances in the hydrolysate by microalgae led to a toxicity removal rate of up to 60.43% by day 10. Phenylalanine showed the most significant increase among essential amino acids, and transcriptomic profiling identified genes (gene_16399, gene_16602) involved in phenylalanine enrichment. Macrotranscriptomics showed that bacteria upregulated the TCS system and tryptophan metabolism, supplying microalgae with more CO2 and IAA, which enhanced amino acid enrichment. This study established a non-toxic and biomass-accumulating bacterial-algal co-cultivation system.},
}
@article {pmid39343087,
year = {2024},
author = {Xu, H and Dai, W and Xiong, Z and Huang, N and Wang, Y and Yang, Z and Luo, S and Wu, J},
title = {Identification and antibacterial activity of a novel phage-type lysozyme from the freshwater mussel Hyriopsis cumingii.},
journal = {Developmental and comparative immunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {105272},
doi = {10.1016/j.dci.2024.105272},
pmid = {39343087},
issn = {1879-0089},
abstract = {A cDNA encoding a phage-type lysozyme, designated as HcPLYZ, was successfully cloned from Hyriopsis cumingii. The full-length cDNA sequence of HcPLYZ was determined to be 896 base pairs in length. Analysis revealed the absence of a signal peptide at its N-terminus, and identified two highly conserved phage-type lysozyme activity sites, Glu[20] and Asp[29], within the deduced amino acid sequence of HcPLYZ. The results of the cloning and sequencing symbiotic bacteria in tissues were consistent with those obtained using tissue cDNA as the template, suggesting that HcPLYZ may originate a symbiotic bacterium. The expression levels of HcPLYZ mRNA exhibited significant variations across different tissues. Successful expression was induced using IPTG, and the native recombinant protein was subsequently purified through affinity chromatography employing Ni[2+], and the optimal pH and temperature of which were determined to be 5.5 and 50°C, respectively. Following exposure to Aeromonas hydrophila, there was a significant increase in the levels of HcPLYZ mRNA in the hemocytes, hepatopancreas, and gills. HcPLYZ was demonstrated the inhibition activity of 55% and 83% against Micrococcus lysodeikticus under pH 5.5 and 50 °C conditions, respectively. These results suggested that HcPLYZ possessed antibacterial activity against both A. hydrophila and M. lysodeikticus.},
}
@article {pmid39343030,
year = {2024},
author = {Delaux, PM and Gutjahr, C},
title = {Evolution of small molecule-mediated regulation of arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis.},
journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences},
volume = {379},
number = {1914},
pages = {20230369},
doi = {10.1098/rstb.2023.0369},
pmid = {39343030},
issn = {1471-2970},
support = {//Max-Planck-Gesellschaft/ ; //Laboratoire d'Excellence TULIP/ ; /ERC_/European Research Council/International ; //Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Biological Evolution ; Embryophyta/microbiology/physiology ; },
abstract = {The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis formed by most extant land plants with symbiotic fungi evolved 450 Ma. AM promotes plant growth by improving mineral nutrient and water uptake, while the symbiotic fungi obtain carbon in return. A number of plant genes regulating the steps leading to an efficient symbiosis have been identified; however, our understanding of the metabolic processes involved in the symbiosis and how they were wired to symbiosis regulation during plant evolution remains limited. Among them, the exchange of chemical signals, the activation of dedicated biosynthesis pathways and the production of secondary metabolites regulating late stages of the AM symbiosis begin to be well described across several land plant clades. Here, we review our current understanding of these processes and propose future directions to fully grasp the phylogenetic distribution and role played by small molecules during this ancient plant symbiosis. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolution of plant metabolism'.},
}
@article {pmid39343018,
year = {2024},
author = {Dorrell, RG and Nef, C and Altan-Ochir, S and Bowler, C and Smith, AG},
title = {Presence of vitamin B12 metabolism in the last common ancestor of land plants.},
journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences},
volume = {379},
number = {1914},
pages = {20230354},
doi = {10.1098/rstb.2023.0354},
pmid = {39343018},
issn = {1471-2970},
support = {//Agence Nationale de la Recherche/ ; //H2020 European Research Council/ ; },
mesh = {*Vitamin B 12/metabolism ; *Embryophyta/genetics/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase/metabolism/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Plant Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Biological Evolution ; },
abstract = {Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is an essential organic cofactor for methionine synthase (METH), and is only synthesized by a subset of bacteria. Plants and fungi have an alternative methionine synthase (METE) that does not need B12 and are typically considered not to utilize it. Some algae facultatively utilize B12 because they encode both METE and METH, while other algae are dependent on B12 as they encode METH only. We performed phylogenomic analyses of METE, METH and 11 further proteins involved in B12 metabolism across more than 1600 plant and algal genomes and transcriptomes (e.g. from OneKp), demonstrating the presence of B12-associated metabolism deep into the streptophytes. METH and five further accessory proteins (MTRR, CblB, CblC, CblD and CblJ) were detected in the hornworts (Anthocerotophyta), and two (CblB and CblJ) were identified in liverworts (Marchantiophyta) in the bryophytes, suggesting a retention of B12-metabolism in the last common land plant ancestor. Our data further show more limited distributions for other B12-related proteins (MCM and RNR-II) and B12 dependency in several algal orders. Finally, considering the collection sites of algae that have lost B12 metabolism, we propose freshwater-to-land transitions and symbiotic associations to have been constraining factors for B12 availability in early plant evolution. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolution of plant metabolism'.},
}
@article {pmid39342390,
year = {2024},
author = {Cao, Y and Shen, Z and Zhang, N and Deng, X and Thomashow, LS and Lidbury, I and Liu, H and Li, R and Shen, Q and Kowalchuk, GA},
title = {Phosphorus availability influences disease-suppressive soil microbiome through plant-microbe interactions.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {185},
pmid = {39342390},
issn = {2049-2618},
mesh = {*Phosphorus/metabolism ; *Soil Microbiology ; *Solanum lycopersicum/microbiology ; *Plant Diseases/microbiology ; *Ralstonia solanacearum/physiology ; *Microbiota/physiology ; Rhizosphere ; Soil/chemistry ; Fertilizers ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; Bacteria/classification/metabolism/isolation &amp; purification ; Host Microbial Interactions/physiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Soil nutrient status and soil-borne diseases are pivotal factors impacting modern intensive agricultural production. The interplay among plants, soil microbiome, and nutrient regimes in agroecosystems is essential for developing effective disease management. However, the influence of nutrient availability on soil-borne disease suppression and associated plant-microbe interactions remains to be fully explored. T his study aims to elucidate the mechanistic understanding of nutrient impacts on disease suppression, using phosphorous as a target nutrient.<br><br>RESULTS: A 6-year field trial involving monocropping of tomatoes with varied fertilizer manipulations demonstrated that phosphorus availability is a key factor driving the control of bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Subsequent greenhouse experiments were then conducted to delve into the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon by varying phosphorus availability for tomatoes challenged with the pathogen. Results showed that the alleviation of phosphorus stress promoted the disease-suppressive capacity of the rhizosphere microbiome, but not that of the bulk soil microbiome. This appears to be an extension of the plant trade-off between investment in disease defense mechanisms versus phosphorus acquisition. Adequate phosphorus levels were associated with elevated secretion of root metabolites such as L-tryptophan, methoxyindoleacetic acid, O-phosphorylethanolamine, or mangiferin, increasing the relative density of microbial biocontrol populations such as Chryseobacterium in the rhizosphere. On the other hand, phosphorus deficiency triggered an alternate defense strategy, via root metabolites like blumenol A or quercetin to form symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which facilitated phosphorus acquisition as well.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Overall, our study shows how phosphorus availability can influence the disease suppression capability of the soil microbiome through plant-microbial interactions. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing nutrient regimes to enhance disease suppression, facilitating targeted crop management and boosting agricultural productivity. Video Abstract.},
}
@article {pmid39342132,
year = {2024},
author = {Mfopit, YM and Bilgo, E and Boma, S and Somda, MB and Gnambani, JE and Konkobo, M and Diabate, A and Dayo, GK and Mamman, M and Kelm, S and Balogun, EO and Shuaibu, MN and Kabir, J},
title = {Symbiotic bacteria Sodalis glossinidius, Spiroplasma sp and Wolbachia do not favour Trypanosoma grayi coexistence in wild population of tsetse flies collected in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.},
journal = {BMC microbiology},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {373},
pmid = {39342132},
issn = {1471-2180},
mesh = {Animals ; *Tsetse Flies/microbiology/parasitology ; *Spiroplasma/isolation &amp; purification/physiology/genetics ; *Wolbachia/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; *Symbiosis ; Burkina Faso ; *Trypanosoma/isolation &amp; purification/genetics/physiology ; *Enterobacteriaceae/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; Insect Vectors/microbiology/parasitology ; Male ; Female ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Tsetse flies, the biological vectors of African trypanosomes, have established symbiotic associations with different bacteria. Their vector competence is suggested to be affected by bacterial endosymbionts. The current study provided the prevalence of three tsetse symbiotic bacteria and trypanosomes in Glossina species from Burkina Faso.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 430 tsetse flies were captured using biconical traps in four different collection sites around Bobo-Dioulasso (Bama, Bana, Nasso, and Peni), and their guts were removed. Two hundred tsetse were randomly selected and their guts were screened by PCR for the presence of Sodalis glossinidius, Spiroplasma sp., Wolbachia and trypanosomes. Of the 200 tsetse, 196 (98.0%) were Glossina palpalis gambiensis and 4 (2.0%) Glossina tachinoides. The overall symbiont prevalence was 49.0%, 96.5%, and 45.0%, respectively for S. glossinidius, Spiroplasma and Wolbachia. Prevalence varied between sampling locations: S. glossinidius (54.7%, 38.5%, 31.6%, 70.8%); Spiroplasma (100%, 100%, 87.7%, 100%); and Wolbachia (43.4%, 38.5%, 38.6%, 70.8%), respectively in Bama, Bana, Nasso and Peni. Noteworthy, no G. tachnoides was infected by S. glossinidius and Wolbachia, but they were all infected by Spiroplasma sp. A total of 196 (98.0%) harbored at least one endosymbionts. Fifty-five (27.5%) carried single endosymbiont. Trypanosomes were found only in G. p. gambiensis, but not G. tachinoides. Trypanosomes were present in flies from all study locations with an overall prevalence of 29.5%. In Bama, Bana, Nasso, and Peni, the trypanosome infection rate was respectively 39.6%, 23.1%, 8.8%, and 37.5%. Remarkably, only Trypanosoma grayi was present. Of all trypanosome-infected flies, 55.9%, 98.3%, and 33.9% hosted S. glossinidius, Spiroplasma sp and Wolbachia, respectively. There was no association between Sodalis, Spiroplasma and trypanosome presence, but there was a negative association with Wolbachia presence. We reported 1.9 times likelihood of trypanosome absence when Wolbachia was present.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This is the first survey reporting the presence of Trypanosoma grayi in tsetse from Burkina Faso. Tsetse from these localities were highly positive for symbiotic bacteria, more predominantly with Spiroplasma sp. Modifications of symbiotic interactions may pave way for disease control.},
}
@article {pmid39340882,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, ZX and Lyu, YM and Liu, Y and Wang, YQ and Xiong, MM and Tang, Y and Li, XY and Sun, H and Xu, JL},
title = {Differential spatial responses and assembly mechanisms of soil microbial communities across region-scale Taiga ecosystems.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {370},
number = {},
pages = {122653},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122653},
pmid = {39340882},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Different soil microbial communities play distinct key roles in regulating forest ecosystem processes and functions. However, the differences in spatial variability and assembly mechanisms of various taiga forest soil microbial taxa remain poorly understood. Here, we assessed the spatial patterns of bacterial and fungal communities, their assembly processes, and the influencing factors in taiga forest ecosystems in Xinjiang, China. A significant distance decay pattern was observed in the similarity of bacterial and fungal communities, with bacterial communities exhibiting a more pronounced pattern than fungal communities. Stochastic and deterministic processes governed together to drive soil bacterial community assembly, whereas stochastic processes dominated fungal community assembly. The coexistence networks revealed that the interactions of bacterial and fungal networks in the four regions are primarily based on interspecies symbiosis, with fungal coexistence networks demonstrating greater stability than bacterial networks. Additionally, the study identified a positive relationship between the modularity of bacterial networks and dispersal limitation. Analysis of environmental factors revealed that soil pH primarily affects the characteristics and assembly mechanisms of bacterial communities, while vegetation conditions primarily affect fungal diversity and composition, with other unconsidered environmental variables influencing the fungal community assembly process. This study emphasized the distinct ways in which bacteria and fungi respond to environmental factors and interspecies interactions. Our results suggested that distinct restoration measures should be implemented for bacteria and fungi in future conservation efforts for forest soil microorganisms.},
}
@article {pmid39339675,
year = {2024},
author = {Anderson, MH and Ait-Aissa, K and Sahyoun, AM and Abidi, AH and Kassan, M},
title = {Akkermansia muciniphila as a Potential Guardian against Oral Health Diseases: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {16},
number = {18},
pages = {},
pmid = {39339675},
issn = {2072-6643},
mesh = {Humans ; *Akkermansia ; *Oral Health ; *Periodontal Diseases/microbiology/prevention &amp; control ; Mouth/microbiology ; Inflammation/microbiology ; Porphyromonas gingivalis/pathogenicity ; Probiotics ; Verrucomicrobia ; Microbiota ; Animals ; },
abstract = {The oral microbiome is a diverse ecosystem containing a community of symbiotic, commensal, and pathogenic microorganisms. One key microorganism linked to periodontal disease (PD) is Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium known to have several virulence factors that trigger inflammation and immune evasion. On the other hand, Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila), a symbiotic bacterium, has been recently shown to play an important role in mitigating inflammation and reducing periodontal damage. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that A. muciniphila decreases inflammatory mediators and improves immune responses, suggesting its role in mitigating PD and related inflammatory systemic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. This review discusses the anti-inflammatory effects of A. muciniphila, its impact on periodontal health, and its potential role in managing systemic diseases. The overall aim is to elucidate how this bacterium might help reduce inflammation, improve oral health, and influence broader health outcomes.},
}
@article {pmid39339347,
year = {2024},
author = {Baczewska, I and Hawrylak-Nowak, B and Zagórska-Dziok, M and Ziemlewska, A and Nizioł-Łukaszewska, Z and Borowski, G and Dresler, S},
title = {Towards the Use of Lichens as a Source of Bioactive Substances for Topical Applications.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {29},
number = {18},
pages = {},
pmid = {39339347},
issn = {1420-3049},
support = {2021/43/O/NZ7/00118//National Science Centre/ ; },
mesh = {*Lichens/chemistry ; Humans ; *Cell Survival/drug effects ; Keratinocytes/drug effects/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/drug effects/metabolism ; Plant Extracts/chemistry/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Administration, Topical ; HaCaT Cells ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Parmeliaceae/chemistry ; },
abstract = {The increasing incidence of dermatological diseases prompts the search for new natural methods of treatments, and lichens, with their special symbiotic structure, are a little-known and promising source of biologically active substances. Seven lichen species, Cladonia unicialis (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg. (Cladoniaceae), Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. (Parmeliaceae), Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. (Parmaliaceae), Parmelia sulcata (Taylor) (Parmeliaceae), Physcia adscendens (Fr.) H. Olivier (Physciaceae), Pseudoevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf (Parmeliaceae), and Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. (Teloschistaceae), were used in our experiment. We identified different metabolites in the acetone extracts of all the lichen species. Based on the high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, the content of lichen substances in the extracts was evaluated. The impact of the individual lichen-specific reference substances, compared to the lichen extracts, on the viability of keratinocytes (HaCaT cell line) and fibroblasts (BJ cell line) and on the activity of selected skin-related enzymes was investigated. Our results revealed that only emodin anthrone at a concentration of 200 mg/L was cytotoxic to keratinocytes and fibroblasts in both cell viability assays. In turn, the C. uncialis extract was only cytotoxic to keratinocytes when used at the same concentration. The other tested treatments showed a positive effect on cell viability and no cytotoxicity or indeterminate cytotoxicity (shown in only one of the tests). Elastase and collagenase activities were inhibited by most of the lichen extracts. In turn, the individual lichen compounds (with the exception of evernic acid) generally had an undesirable stimulatory effect on hyaluronidase and collagenase activity. In addition, almost all the tested compounds and extracts showed anti-inflammatory activity. This suggests that some lichen compounds hold promise as potential ingredients in dermatological and skincare products, but their safety and efficacy require further study. The high cytotoxicity of emodin anthrone highlights its potential use in the treatment of hyperproliferative skin diseases such as psoriasis.},
}
@article {pmid39339011,
year = {2024},
author = {Knop-Chodyła, K and Kochanowska-Mazurek, A and Piasecka, Z and Głaz, A and Wesołek-Bielaska, EW and Syty, K and Forma, A and Baj, J},
title = {Oral Microbiota and the Risk of Gastrointestinal Cancers-A Narrative Literature Review.},
journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39339011},
issn = {2076-0817},
abstract = {The human body is colonized by trillions of microorganisms in a symbiotic relationship. The oral cavity represents one of the most abundant microbial habitats in our body. Advances in sequencing techniques provide a more detailed understanding of the oral microbiota and how imbalances between bacteria, the phenomenon of dysbiosis, can affect not only the development of dental caries or inflammation within the oral cavity but also systemic diseases and cancers in distant locations. This narrative review evaluates the relationship between oral microbiota and its impact on gastrointestinal cancers. Using the keywords "oral microbiota 'AND' gastrointestinal cancers", the PubMed Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for articles published between 2014 and 2024. Based on the review, the relationship between oral microbiota and oral, esophageal, gastric, colorectal, hepatocellular, and pancreatic cancers was described. Potential oncogenic mechanisms exploited by the microbiota such as the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, induction of abnormal immune responses, and disruption of cell metabolic pathways were assessed. Further research and a thorough understanding of the impact of the oral microbiota on the development of cancers of the gastrointestinal tract may play a key role in their prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in the future.},
}
@article {pmid39338558,
year = {2024},
author = {Hou, XR and Fu, SY and Wang, Y and Zhou, JY and Qi, TY and Li, YF and Bu, WJ and Xue, HJ},
title = {Large-Scale Sampling Reveals the Strain-Level Diversity of Burkholderia Symbionts in Riptortus pedestris and R. linearis (Hemiptera: Alydidae).},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39338558},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {32130014//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Burkholderia (sensu lato) is a diverse group of β-Proteobacteria that exists worldwide in various environments. The SBE clade of this group was thought to be mutualistic with stinkbugs. Riptortus-Burkholderia was suggested as an ideal model system for studying insect-microbe symbiosis. To explore the strain-level diversity of Burkholderia at the individual and population levels of Riptortus stinkbugs (Hemiptera: Alydidae), and to uncover the factors affecting the Burkholderia community, large-scale sampling of two Riptortus species and deep sequencing data (16S amplicon) were used in the present study. Our results showed that: (1) the proportions of facultative symbiotic bacteria Burkholderia were very high, with an average proportion of 87.1% in the samples; (2) only six out of 1373 Burkholderia amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) did not belong to the SBE clade, accounting for only 0.03% of Burkholderia; (3) a relatively small number of Burkholderia ASVs had a large number of sequences, with 22, 54, and 107 ASVs accounting for more than 1.0%, 0.1%, and 0.01% of the total Burkholderia sequences, respectively; (4) multiple Burkholderia ASVs were present in most Riptortus individuals, but there was one dominant or two codominant ASVs, and codominance was more likely to occur when the genetic distance between the two codominant ASVs was small; and (5) the beta diversity of Burkholderia was significantly different between the two host species (PerMANOVA: both Jaccard and Bray-Curtis, p < 0.001) and among localities (PerMANOVA: both Jaccard and Bray-Curtis, p < 0.001). Two-way PerMANOVA also indicated that both the host (Bray-Curtis, p = 0.020; Jaccard, p = 0.001) and geographical location (Bray-Curtis, p = 0.041; Jaccard, p = 0.045) influence Burkholderia communities; furthermore, Mantel tests showed that the Burkholderia communities were significantly correlated with the geographical distance of sample locations (R = 0.056, p = 0.001). Together, our findings demonstrate the fine-scale diversity of Burkholderia symbionts and suggest a region- and host-dependent pattern of Burkholderia in Riptortus stinkbugs.},
}
@article {pmid39338523,
year = {2024},
author = {Pärnänen, P and Niikko, S and Lähteenmäki, H and Räisänen, IT and Tervahartiala, T and Sorsa, T and Ranki, A},
title = {Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) Fruit Phenolic Bioactivities-A Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Human Studies.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39338523},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {TYH2022225//Helsinki Research Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {This review is focused on the effects of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) fruit phenolic compounds in human in vitro cells and in vivo clinical studies. Studies with lingonberries, lingonberry juice/lingonberry nectar/fermented lingonberry juice, and phenolic fractions with active molecules are reviewed. Lingonberry's bioactive substances have a diverse range of antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiproteolytic, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. Fermentation of lingonberries and modulation of the dysbiotic microbiome to a more symbiotic composition by favoring the growth of lactobacilli and inhibiting the growth of human opportunistic pathogens are discussed. Research results suggest that more studies on humans are needed.},
}
@article {pmid39338493,
year = {2024},
author = {Satoh, K and Takeda, K and Nagafune, I and Chik, WDW and Ohkama-Otsu, N and Okazaki, S and Yokoyama, T and Hase, Y},
title = {Isolation and Characterization of High-Temperature-Tolerant Mutants of Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA110 by Carbon-Ion Beam Irradiation.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39338493},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {NA//Nuclear Researchers Exchange Program FY 2023 of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan/ ; },
abstract = {Biofertilizers are promising technologies for achieving sustainable agriculture. However, high-temperature tolerance is a constraint that limits the function of microbial inoculants. To characterize the genetic changes responsible for the high-temperature tolerance of rhizobia, mutant screening was performed using Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA110. The wild-type cells were mutagenized with carbon-ion irradiation, and two mutant strains, designated M10 and M14, were obtained after a three-day heat-shock treatment at 43 °C. In particular, M14 showed superior growth at 36 °C, at which temperature growth of the wild type was extremely slow, whereas M14 grew more slowly than the wild type at 32 °C. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that M10 had seven point mutations, whereas M14 had eight point mutations together with a 1.27 Mb inversion. RNA sequencing showed that the number of differentially expressed genes greatly exceeded the actual number of induced mutations. In M14, a gene cluster associated with pyruvate metabolism was markedly downregulated, probably because of disjunction with the promoter region after inversion, and was considered to be the cause of the slow growth rate of M14 at 32 °C. Notably, transmembrane proteins, including porins, were enriched among the genes upregulated in both M10 and M14. M14 was confirmed to retain symbiotic functions with soybeans. These results indicate that high-temperature tolerance was conferred by random mutagenesis while the symbiotic functions of rhizobia was maintained.},
}
@article {pmid39336695,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, J and Tian, X and Hsiang, T and Yang, Y and Shi, C and Wang, H and Li, W},
title = {Microbial Community Structure and Metabolic Function in the Venom Glands of the Predatory Stink Bug, Picromerus lewisi (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae).},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {15},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39336695},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {(ZK [2023] 023)//Key Project of Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Foundation/ ; (ZK-2021-Key036, Qiankehe Talent Platform - CXTD [2023]021)//Guizhou Science Technology Foundation/ ; (GCC[2022]028-1)//Hundred' Level Innovative Talent Foundation of Guizhou Province/ ; },
abstract = {The predatory stink bug, Picromerus lewisi (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is an important and valuable natural enemy of insect pests in their ecosystems. While insects are known to harbor symbiotic microorganisms, and these microbial symbionts play a crucial role in various aspects of the host's biology, there is a paucity of knowledge regarding the microbiota present in the venom glands of P. lewisi. This study investigated the venom glands of adult bugs using both traditional in vitro isolation and cultural methods, as well as Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. Additionally, the carbon metabolism of the venom gland's microorganisms was analyzed using Biolog ECO metabolic phenotyping technology. The results showed 10 different culturable bacteria where the dominant ones were Enterococcus spp. and Lactococcus lactis. With high-throughput sequencing, the main bacterial phyla in the microbial community of the venom glands of P. lewisi were Proteobacteria (78.1%) and Firmicutes (20.3%), with the dominant bacterial genera being Wolbachia, Enterococcus, Serratia, and Lactococcus. At the fungal community level, Ascomycota accounted for the largest proportion (64.1%), followed by Basidiomycota (27.6%), with Vishniacozyma, Cladosporium, Papiliotrema, Penicillium, Fusarium, and Aspergillus as the most highly represented fungal genera. The bacterial and fungal community structure of the venom glands of P. lewisi exhibited high species richness and diversity, along with a strong metabolism of 22 carbon sources. Functional prediction indicated that the primary dominant function of P. lewisi venom-gland bacteria was metabolism. The dominant eco-functional groups of the fungal community included undefined saprotroph, fungal parasite-undefined saprotroph, unassigned, endophyte-plant pathogen, plant pathogen-soil saprotroph-wood saprotroph, animal pathogen-endophyte-plant pathogen-wood saprotroph, plant pathogen, and animal pathogen-endophyte-epiphyte-plant pathogen-undefined saprotroph. These results provide a comprehensive characterization of the venom-gland microbiota of P. lewisi and demonstrate the stability (over one week) of the microbial community within the venom glands. This study represents the first report on the characterization of microbial composition from the venom glands of captive-reared P. lewisi individuals. The insights gained from this study are invaluable for future investigations into P. lewisi's development and the possible interactions between P. lewisi's microbiota and some Lepidopteran pests.},
}
@article {pmid39336674,
year = {2024},
author = {Rodríguez-Becerra, SH and Vázquez-Rivera, R and Ventura-Hernández, KI and Pawar, TJ and Olivares-Romero, JL},
title = {The Biology, Impact, and Management of Xyleborus Beetles: A Comprehensive Review.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {15},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39336674},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {NA//COVEICYDET (M&#xe9;xico)/ ; },
abstract = {Xyleborus beetles, a diverse group of ambrosia beetles, present challenges to forestry and agriculture due to their damaging burrowing behavior and symbiotic relationships with fungi. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the biology, ecology, and management of Xyleborus. We explore the beetles' life cycle, reproductive strategies, habitat preferences, and feeding habits, emphasizing their ecological and economic impacts. Control and management strategies, including preventive measures, chemical and biological control, and integrated pest management (IPM), are critically evaluated. Recent advances in molecular genetics and behavioral studies offer insights into genetic diversity, population structure, and host selection mechanisms. Despite progress, managing Xyleborus effectively remains challenging. This review identifies future research needs and highlights innovative control methods, such as biopesticides and pheromone-based trapping systems.},
}
@article {pmid39336092,
year = {2024},
author = {Kim, H and Choe, J and Ko, M},
title = {Reproductive Strategies and Embryonic Development of Autumn-Spawning Bitterling (Acheilognathus rhombeus) within the Mussel Host.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {13},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biology13090664},
pmid = {39336092},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {R2024050//National Institute of Fisheries Science, Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries/ ; },
abstract = {We investigated the reproductive strategies and embryonic development of Acheilognathus rhombeus (a bitterling species that spawns in autumn) within its freshwater mussel host in the Bongseo Stream, South Korea. By focusing on survival mechanisms during critical stages of embryonic development, the selective use of mussel gill demibranchs by the bitterlings and associated adaptive traits were observed over 1 year. A significant diapause phase occurs at developmental stage D, which lasts for approximately 7 months, allowing embryos to survive winter. Development resumes when the temperature exceeds 10 °C. Minute tubercles on the embryos (crucial for anchoring within the host gill demibranchs and preventing premature ejection) exhibit the largest height during diapause, and the height decreases when developmental stage E is reached, when growth resumes. Acheilognathus rhombeus embryos were observed in 30.5% of the mussels, mostly within the inner gills, thereby maximizing spatial use and oxygen access to enhance survival. These results highlight the intricate relationship between A. rhombeus and its mussel hosts, demonstrating the evolutionary adaptations that enhance reproductive success and survival. This study provides valuable insights into the ecological dynamics and conservation requirements of such symbiotic relationships.},
}
@article {pmid39248595,
year = {2024},
author = {Cordeiro, MWS and Cappellozza, BI and de Melo, NN and Bernardes, TF},
title = {Effects of a Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial on performance, blood parameters, fecal characteristics, rumen morphometrics, and intestinal gene expression in finishing beef bulls.},
journal = {Journal of animal science},
volume = {102},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jas/skae259},
pmid = {39248595},
issn = {1525-3163},
mesh = {Animals ; Cattle ; Male ; *Rumen/microbiology ; *Animal Feed/analysis ; *Probiotics/pharmacology/administration &amp; dosage ; *Diet/veterinary ; *Feces/microbiology/chemistry ; Bacillus licheniformis ; Bacillus subtilis ; Intestines/anatomy &amp; histology/drug effects ; Gene Expression ; Random Allocation ; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; },
abstract = {We evaluated the effects of supplementing direct-fed microbials (DFM), containing Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis, on performance, rumen morphometrics, intestinal gene expression, and blood and fecal parameters in finishing bulls. Nellore × Angus bulls (n = 144; initial BW = 401 ± 45.5 kg) were distributed at random in 36 pens (4 bulls/pen and 18 pens/treatment), following a completely randomized design. A ground corn-based finishing diet was offered for ad libitum intake twice a day for 84 d, containing the following treatments: 1) control (without DFM); 2) DFM (B. licheniformis and B. subtilis) at 6.4 × 109 CFU (2 g) per animal. The data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS, with a pen representing an experimental unit, the fixed effect of the treatment, and the random effect of pen nested within the treatment. For fecal parameters (two collections made), the collection effect and its interaction with the treatment were included in the model. Bulls that received the DFM had a decreased dry matter intake (P ≤ 0.01), did not differ in average daily gain (2.05 kg; P = 0.39), and had a 6% improvement in gain:feed (P = 0.05). The other performance variables, final BW, hot carcass weight, and hot carcass yield, did not differ (P > 0.10). Plasma urea-N concentration decreased by 6.2% (P = 0.02) in the bulls that received DFM. Glucose, haptoglobin, and lipopolysaccharides were not different between treatments (P > 0.10). Ruminal morphometrics were not affected by the treatment (P > 0.10). The use of DFM tended to reduce fecal starch (P = 0.10). At slaughter, bulls fed DFM had an increased duodenal gene expression of tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (P = 0.02) and of superoxide dismutase-1 (P = 0.03). Overall, supplementation with DFM based on B. licheniformis and B. subtilis to Nellore × Angus bulls in the finishing phase decreased dry matter intake, did not influence ADG, improved gain:feed, and increased the expression of genes important for duodenal function.},
}
@article {pmid39335279,
year = {2024},
author = {Cheng, Z and Huang, H and Qiao, G and Wang, Y and Wang, X and Yue, Y and Gao, Q and Peng, S},
title = {Metagenomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal the Role of Gut Microbiome-Associated Metabolites in the Muscle Elasticity of the Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea).},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {14},
number = {18},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ani14182690},
pmid = {39335279},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {2021Z01//the Central Nonprofit Basic Scientific Research Project for the Scientific Research Institutes of China/ ; 2022YFD2401004//This work was supported by a grant from the National&#xa0;Key&#xa0;Research and&#xa0;Development&#xa0;Program&#xa0;of China/ ; },
abstract = {The large yellow croaker (LYC, Larimichthys crocea) is highly regarded for its delicious taste and unique flavor. The gut microbiota has the ability to affect the host muscle performance and elasticity by regulating nutrient metabolism. The purpose of this study is to establish the relationship between muscle quality and intestinal flora in order to provide reference for the improvement of the muscle elasticity of LYC. In this study, the intestinal contents of high muscle elasticity males (IEHM), females (IEHF), and low muscle elasticity males (IELM) and females (IELF) were collected and subjected to metagenomic and metabolomic analyses. Metagenomic sequencing results showed that the intestinal flora structures of LYCs with different muscle elasticities were significantly different. The abundance of Streptophyta in the IELM (24.63%) and IELF (29.68%) groups was significantly higher than that in the IEHM and IEHF groups. The abundance of Vibrio scophthalmi (66.66%) in the IEHF group was the highest. Based on metabolomic analysis by liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry, 107 differentially abundant metabolites were identified between the IEHM and IELM groups, and 100 differentially abundant metabolites were identified between the IEHF and IELF groups. Based on these metabolites, a large number of enriched metabolic pathways related to muscle elasticity were identified. Significant differences in the intestinal metabolism between groups with different muscle elasticities were identified. Moreover, the model of the relationship between the intestinal flora and metabolites was constructed, and the molecular mechanism of intestinal flora regulation of the nutrient metabolism was further revealed. The results help to understand the molecular mechanism of different muscle elasticities of LYC and provide an important reference for the study of the mechanism of the effects of LYC intestinal symbiotic bacteria on muscle development, and the development and application of probiotics in LYC.},
}
@article {pmid39334342,
year = {2024},
author = {You, J and Zhang, Q and Qian, L and Shi, Z and Wang, X and Jia, L and Xia, Y},
title = {Antibacterial periodontal ligament stem cells enhance periodontal regeneration and regulate the oral microbiome.},
journal = {Stem cell research &amp; therapy},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {334},
pmid = {39334342},
issn = {1757-6512},
support = {82370930//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; BK20211249//Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China/ ; YJXYYJSDW4//Science and Technology Support Program of Jiangsu Province/ ; CXZX202227//Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center/ ; },
mesh = {*Periodontal Ligament/cytology ; Humans ; *Stem Cells/metabolism/cytology ; Animals ; *Microbiota ; Rats ; *Regeneration ; Male ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stem Cell Transplantation/methods ; Mouth/microbiology ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/pharmacology/metabolism ; Cathelicidins ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The transplantation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) has been shown to enhance periodontal regeneration in animal models and clinical trials. However, it is not known whether PDLSCs are antibacterial and whether this affects oral microbiota and periodontal regeneration.<br><br>METHODS: We isolated human PDLSCs from periodontal ligament of extracted teeth. Rats' periodontal fenestration defects were prepared, and treated with PDLSC injections (Cell group), using saline injections (Saline group) as the control. The oral microbiota was explored by 16&#xa0;S rDNA sequencing and compared with that before surgery (PRE group). The antibacterial property of PDLSCs and its underlying mechanism were tested in vitro.<br><br>RESULTS: Microbiome analyses reveal a decreased biodiversity, a changed community structure, and downregulated community functions of the oral microbiome in the Saline group. PDLSCs injections enhance periodontal regeneration, reverse the decrease in diversity, and increase the abundance of non-pathogenic bacterial Bifidobacterium sp. and Lactobacillus sp., making the oral microbiome similar to that of the PRE group. In vitro, PDLSCs inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. The main mechanism of action is postulated to involve production of the cationic antimicrobial peptide LL-37.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our findings reveal that PDLSC injections enhance periodontal regeneration and regulate the oral microbiome to foster an oral cavity microenvironment conducive to symbiotic microbiota associated with health.},
}
@article {pmid39333238,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, Y and Mao, K and Chen, K and Zhao, Z and Ju, F},
title = {Symbiont community assembly shaped by insecticide exposure and feedback on insecticide resistance of Spodoptera frugiperda.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {1194},
pmid = {39333238},
issn = {2399-3642},
mesh = {Animals ; *Spodoptera/microbiology/drug effects/genetics ; *Insecticide Resistance/genetics ; *Insecticides/pharmacology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; *Symbiosis ; },
abstract = {Exploring the mechanism of microbiota assembly and its ecological consequences is crucial for connecting microbiome variation to ecosystem function. However, the influencing factors underlying microbiota assembly in the host-microbe system and their impact on the host phenotype remain unclear. Through investigating the prevalent and worsening ecological phenomenon of insecticide resistance in global agriculture, we found that insecticide exposure significantly changed the gut microbiota assembly patterns of a major agricultural invasive insect pest, Spodoptera frugiperda. The relative importance of various microbiota assembly processes significantly varied with habitat heterogeneity and heterogeneous selection serving as a potential predictor of the host's insecticide resistance in field populations. Moreover, disturbance of the gut microbiota assembly through antibiotics was revealed to significantly affect the rate and heritability of insecticide resistance evolution, leading to a delay in insecticide resistance evolution in this insect pest. These findings indicate that the gut microbiota assembly process of the insect host is influenced by persistent exposure to habitat conditions, particularly insecticides. This variation in insecticide exposure-related community assembly process subsequently influences the insect host's insecticide resistance phenotype. This study provides insights into gut microbiota assembly processes from a symbiotic perspective and underscores the significant impact of symbiotic community changes on host phenotypic variation.},
}
@article {pmid39333204,
year = {2024},
author = {Martin Říhová, J and Gupta, S and Nováková, E and Hypša, V},
title = {Fur microbiome as a putative source of symbiotic bacteria in sucking lice.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {22326},
pmid = {39333204},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {GA20-07674S//Grantov&#xe1; Agentura &#x10c;esk&#xe9; Republiky/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Symbiosis ; *Microbiota ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Phthiraptera/microbiology ; Bacteria/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification ; },
abstract = {Symbiosis between insects and bacteria has been established countless times. While it is well known that the symbionts originated from a variety of different bacterial taxa, it is usually difficult to determine their environmental source and a route of their acquisition by the host. In this study, we address this question using a model of Neisseriaceae symbionts in rodent lice. These bacteria established their symbiosis independently with different louse taxa (Polyplax, Hoplopleura, Neohaematopinus), most likely from the same environmental source. We first applied amplicon analysis to screen for candidate source bacterium in the louse environment. Since lice are permanent ectoparasites, often specific to the particular host, we screened various microbiomes associated with three rodent species (Microtus arvalis, Clethrionomys glareolus, and Apodemus flavicollis). The analyzed samples included fur, skin, spleen, and other ectoparasites sampled from these rodents. The fur microbiome data revealed a Neisseriaceae bacterium, closely related to the known louse symbionts. The draft genomes of the environmental Neisseriaceae, assembled from all three rodent hosts, converged to a remarkably small size of approximately 1.4 Mbp, being even smaller than the genomes of the related symbionts. Our results suggest that the rodent fur microbiome can serve as a source for independent establishment of bacterial symbiosis in associated louse species. We further propose a hypothetical scenario of the genome evolution during the transition of a free-living bacterium to the member of the rodent fur-associated microbiome and subsequently to the facultative and obligate louse symbionts.},
}
@article {pmid39332621,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, H and Zhu, Y and Wang, Y and Jiang, L and Shi, X and Cheng, G},
title = {Microbial interactions shaping host attractiveness: insights into dynamic behavioral relationships.},
journal = {Current opinion in insect science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {101275},
doi = {10.1016/j.cois.2024.101275},
pmid = {39332621},
issn = {2214-5753},
abstract = {Insects discern the presence of hosts (host plants) by integrating chemosensory, gustatory, and visual cues, with olfaction playing a pivotal role in this process. Among these factors, volatile signals produced by host-associated microbial communities significantly affect insect attraction. Microorganisms are widely and abundantly found on the surfaces of humans, plants, and insects. Notably, these microorganisms can metabolize compounds from the host surface and regulate the production of characteristic volatiles, which may guide the use of host microorganisms to modulate insect behavior. Essentially, the attraction of hosts to insects is intricately linked to the presence of their symbiotic microorganisms. This review underscores the critical role of microorganisms in shaping the dynamics of attractiveness between insects and their hosts.},
}
@article {pmid39331838,
year = {2024},
author = {Phillips, LE and Sotelo, KL and Moran, NA},
title = {Characterization of gut symbionts from wild-caught Drosophila and other Diptera: description of Utexia brackfieldae gen. nov., sp. nov., Orbus sturtevantii sp. nov., Orbus wheelerorum sp. nov, and Orbus mooreae sp. nov.},
journal = {International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology},
volume = {74},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39331838},
issn = {1466-5034},
mesh = {Animals ; *Phylogeny ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; *Fatty Acids/analysis ; *Bacterial Typing Techniques ; *Symbiosis ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; *Diptera/microbiology ; *Drosophila/microbiology ; Base Composition ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; },
abstract = {Non-culture based surveys show that the bacterial family Orbaceae is widespread in guts of insects, including wild Drosophila. Relatively few isolates have been described, and none has been described from Drosophila. We present the isolation and characterization of five strains of Orbaceae from wild-caught flies of the genera Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and Neogriphoneura (Diptera: Lauxaniidae). Cells are generally rod-shaped, mesophilic, and measure 0.8-2.0 µm long by 0.3-0.5 µm wide. Optimal growth was observed under ambient atmosphere. Reconstruction of phylogenies from the 16S rRNA gene and from single-copy orthologs verify placement of these strains within Orbaceae. Cells exhibited similar fatty acid profiles to those of other Orbaceae. Strain lpD01[T] shared 74% average nucleotide identity (ANI) with its closest relatives Ca. Schmidhempelia bombi Bimp and Zophobihabitans entericus IPMB12[T]. Results from multiple genome-wide similarity comparisons indicate lpD01[T] should be classified as a novel species within a novel genus. The major respiratory quinone for lpD01[T] is ubiquinone Q-8. lpD02[T], lpD03, lpD04[T], and BiB[T] are more closely related to Orbus hercynius CN3[T] (76, 77, 76, and 77% ANI, respectively) than to other described Orbaceae. Genomic and phylogenetic analyses suggest that lpD03 and lpD04[T] belong to the same species and that lpD02[T], lpD03/lpD04[T], and BiB[T] are each novel species of the genus Orbus. The proposed names of these strains are Utexia brackfieldae gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain lpD01[T] =NCIMB 15517[T] =ATCC TSD-399[T]), Orbus sturtevantii sp. nov (type strain lpD02[T] =NCIMB 15518[T] =ATCC TSD-400[T]), Orbus wheelerorum sp. nov. (type strain lpD04[T] =NCIMB 15520[T] =ATCC TSD-401[T]), and Orbus mooreae sp. nov (type strain BiB[T]=NCIMB 15516[T] =ATCC TSD-402[T]). The isolation and characterization of these strains expands the repertoire of culturable bacteria naturally associated with insects, including the model organism D. melanogaster.},
}
@article {pmid39331430,
year = {2024},
author = {Saini, M and Jain, A and Vanathi, M and Kalia, A and Saini, K and Gupta, P and Gaur, N},
title = {Current perspectives and concerns in corneal neurotization.},
journal = {Indian journal of ophthalmology},
volume = {72},
number = {10},
pages = {1404-1411},
doi = {10.4103/IJO.IJO_195_24},
pmid = {39331430},
issn = {1998-3689},
mesh = {Humans ; *Cornea/innervation/surgery ; *Corneal Diseases/surgery/diagnosis ; *Nerve Transfer/methods ; Nerve Regeneration/physiology ; },
abstract = {This study aimed to comprehensively explore the intricacies of corneal neurotization (CN) and the nuanced factors that set it apart from routine clinical practice, exerting a substantial influence on its success. A symbiotic relationship is evident between corneal innervation and ocular surface health. The loss of corneal innervation results in a potentially challenging corneal condition known as neurotrophic keratopathy (NK). The majority of treatments are primarily focused on preventing epithelial breakdown rather than addressing the underlying pathogenesis. Consequently, to address the impaired corneal sensation (underlying etiology), a novel surgical approach has emerged, namely CN, which involves transferring healthy sensory nerve axons to the affected cornea. This review offers valuable insights into the existing body of supporting evidence for CN, meticulously examining clinical studies, case reports, and experimental findings. The aim is to enhance our understanding of the effectiveness and potential outcomes associated with this innovative surgical technique. The exploration of innovative therapeutic avenues holds promise for revolutionizing the management of NK, offering a potentially permanent solution to a condition once deemed incurable and severely debilitating.},
}
@article {pmid39330381,
year = {2024},
author = {Rosabal, D and Pino-Bodas, R},
title = {A Review of Laboratory Requirements to Culture Lichen Mycobiont Species.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39330381},
issn = {2309-608X},
abstract = {Lichens are symbiotic associations between fungi (the mycobiont) and algae or cyanobacteria (the photobionts). They synthesize a large number of secondary metabolites, many of which are potential sources of novel molecules with pharmacological and industrial applications. The advancement of in vitro culture methods of lichen-forming fungi would allow the comprehensive application of these compounds at large scales, enable improvements in the synthesis, facilitate understanding of the role of the partners in the synthesis of these compounds and increase our knowledge about the genes associated with secondary metabolites production. The aim of this work is to summarize the nutritional and physicochemical requirements that have been used to date to culture different lichen-forming fungi species. In total, the requirements for the cultivation of 110 species are presented. This review can provide a starting point for future experiments and help advance the methods of culturing lichenized fungi. The type of diaspore selected to isolate the mycobiont, the composition of the isolation and culture media and the corresponding physicochemical parameters are essential in designing an efficient lichen culture system, allowing the achievement of a suitable growth of lichen-forming fungi and the subsequent production of secondary metabolites.},
}
@article {pmid39330366,
year = {2024},
author = {Manathunga, KK and Gunasekara, NW and Meegahakumbura, MK and Ratnaweera, PB and Faraj, TK and Wanasinghe, DN},
title = {Exploring Endophytic Fungi as Natural Antagonists against Fungal Pathogens of Food Crops.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39330366},
issn = {2309-608X},
abstract = {The yield and quality of cultivated food crops are frequently compromised by the prevalent threat from fungal pathogens that can cause widespread damage in both the pre-harvest and post-harvest stages. This paper investigates the challenges posed by fungal pathogens to the sustainability and yield of essential food crops, leading to significant economic and food security repercussions. The paper critiques the long-standing reliance on synthetic fungicides, emphasizing the environmental and health concerns arising from their widespread and occasionally inappropriate use. In response, the paper explores the potential of biological control agents, specifically endophytic fungi in advancing sustainable agricultural practices. Through their diverse symbiotic relationships with host plants, these fungi exhibit strong antagonistic capabilities against phytopathogenic fungi by producing various bioactive compounds and promoting plant growth. The review elaborates on the direct and indirect mechanisms of endophytic antagonism, such as antibiosis, mycoparasitism, induction of host resistance, and competition for resources, which collectively contribute to inhibiting pathogenic fungal growth. This paper consolidates the crucial role of endophytic fungi, i.e., Acremonium, Alternaria, Arthrinium, Aspergillus, Botryosphaeria, Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Cevidencealdinia, Epicoccum, Fusarium, Gliocladium, Muscodor, Nigrospora, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Phomopsis, Pichia, Pochonia, Pythium, Ramichloridium, Rosellinia, Talaromyces, Trichoderma, Verticillium, Wickerhamomyces, and Xylaria, in biological control, supported by the evidence drawn from more than 200 research publications. The paper pays particular attention to Muscodor, Penicillium, and Trichoderma as prominent antagonists. It also emphasizes the need for future genetic-level research to enhance the application of endophytes in biocontrol strategies aiming to highlight the importance of endophytic fungi in facilitating the transition towards more sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural systems.},
}
@article {pmid39330361,
year = {2024},
author = {Huo, W and Cui, L and Yan, P and He, X and Zhang, L and Liu, Y and Dai, L and Qi, P and Hu, S and Qiao, T and Li, J},
title = {Diversity and Composition of Fungicolous Fungi Residing in Macrofungi from the Qinling Mountains.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39330361},
issn = {2309-608X},
support = {2021YFD1600400//National Key R&amp;D program of China/ ; 2023-ZDLNY-14//Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province/ ; 2020TD-050//Foundation of Science and Technology in Shaanxi Province/ ; },
abstract = {Sporocarps of macrofungi support other diverse fungal species that are termed fungicolous fungi. However, the external environmental factors that affect the diversity and composition of fungicolous fungal communities remains largely unknown. In this study, the diversities, composition, and trophic modes of fungicolous fungal communities residing in host macrofungi from diverse habitats in the Qinling Mountains were analyzed. Additionally, the number of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) encoded by saprophytic, pathogenic, and symbiotic fungi was also quantified and compared. The results revealed that the diversity and composition of fungicolous fungal communities varied with months of collection and the habitats of host fungi, and saprophytic fungi were more abundant on wood than on the ground. Meanwhile, it was also found that saprophytic fungi possessed higher abundances of cell-wall-degrading enzymes than pathogenic or symbiotic fungi. Based on the above findings, it was hypothesized that the greater abundance of saprophytic fungi on wood compared to the ground may be due to their possession of a more diverse array of enzymes capable of degrading wood cell walls, thereby allowing for more efficient nutrient acquisition from decaying wood.},
}
@article {pmid39329350,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, Z and Liu, Z and Yuan, Y and Zhang, W and Zhang, S},
title = {Manipulation of juvenile hormone signaling by the fire blight pathogen Erwinia amylovora mediates fecundity enhancement of pear psylla.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.8443},
pmid = {39329350},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {32202291//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2018AB038//Bingtuan science and techology program/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In nature, plant pathogens often rely on insect vectors for transmission. Through long-term evolution, plant pathogens and insect vectors have established a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship. Fire blight, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Erwinia amylovora (Eam), poses a significant global threat to apple and pear production due to its rapid dissemination among host plants of the Rosaceae family. Despite evidence of E. amylovora transmission by various insects, the association between this pathogen and the pear psylla Cacopsylla chinensis, a common vector insect in pear orchards, remains unclear.<br><br>RESULTS: Sampling investigations and qRT-PCR results revealed that C. chinensis, from 11 pear orchards severely affected by fire blight disease in Xinjiang of China, harbored varying levels of this pathogen. Eam-positive females exhibited significantly higher fecundity compared to Eam-negative individuals, displaying accelerated ovarian development and a notable increase in egg production. Further RNAi results revealed that juvenile hormone (JH) receptor methoprene-tolerant (CcMet) and a crucial downstream gene Kr&#xfc;ppel-homologue 1 (CcKr-h1) mediated the fecundity improvement of C. chinensis induced by Eam. Additionally, miR-2b, which targets CcKr-h1, was identified as being involved in Eam-induced fecundity enhancement in C. chinensis.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study unveils, for the first time, that Eam colonize and amplify the fecundity of C. chinensis females. Host miR-2b targets CcKr-h1 of the JH signaling pathway to regulate the heightened fecundity of C. chinensis induced by Eam. These findings not only broaden our understanding of the interaction between plant pathogens and insect vectors, but also provide novel strategies for managing fire blight and pear psylla. &#xa9; 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}
@article {pmid39329134,
year = {2024},
author = {Andriienko, V and Buczek, M and Meier, R and Srivathsan, A and Łukasik, P and Kolasa, MR},
title = {Implementing high-throughput insect barcoding in microbiome studies: impact of non-destructive DNA extraction on microbiome reconstruction.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {e18025},
pmid = {39329134},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Animals ; *DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic/methods ; *Microbiota/genetics ; *Insecta/microbiology/genetics ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Bacteria/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/classification ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Biodiversity ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Symbiotic relationships with diverse microorganisms are crucial for many aspects of insect biology. However, while our understanding of insect taxonomic diversity and the distribution of insect species in natural communities is limited, we know much less about their microbiota. In the era of rapid biodiversity declines, as researchers increasingly turn towards DNA-based monitoring, developing and broadly implementing approaches for high-throughput and cost-effective characterization of both insect and insect-associated microbial diversity is essential. We need to verify whether approaches such as high-throughput barcoding, a powerful tool for identifying wild insects, would permit subsequent microbiota reconstruction in these specimens.<br><br>METHODS: High-throughput barcoding ("megabarcoding") methods often rely on non-destructive approaches for obtaining template DNA for PCR amplification by leaching DNA out of insect specimens using alkaline buffers such as HotSHOT. This study investigated the impact of HotSHOT on microbial abundance estimates and the reconstructed bacterial community profiles. We addressed this question by comparing quantitative 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data for HotSHOT-treated or untreated specimens of 16 insect species representing six orders and selected based on the expectation of limited variation among individuals.<br><br>RESULTS: We find that in 13 species, the treatment significantly reduced microbial abundance estimates, corresponding to an estimated 15-fold decrease in amplifiable 16S rRNA template on average. On the other hand, HotSHOT pre-treatment had a limited effect on microbial community composition. The reconstructed presence of abundant bacteria with known significant effects was not affected. On the other hand, we observed changes in the presence of low-abundance microbes, those close to the reliable detection threshold. Alpha and beta diversity analyses showed compositional differences in only a few species.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that HotSHOT pre-treated specimens remain suitable for microbial community composition reconstruction, even if abundance may be hard to estimate. These results indicate that we can cost-effectively combine barcoding with the study of microbiota across wild insect communities. Thus, the voucher specimens obtained using megabarcoding studies targeted at characterizing insect communities can be used for microbiome characterizations. This can substantially aid in speeding up the accumulation of knowledge on the microbiomes of abundant and hyperdiverse insect species.},
}
@article {pmid39327805,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, J and Wang, Z and Lin, X and Gao, X and Wang, Q and Huang, R and Ruan, Y and Xu, H and Tian, L and Ling, C and Shi, R and Xu, S and Chen, K and Wu, Y},
title = {Mn-Ce Symbiosis: Nanozymes with Multiple Active Sites Facilitate Scavenging of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Based on Electron Transfer and Confinement Anchoring.},
journal = {Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e202416686},
doi = {10.1002/anie.202416686},
pmid = {39327805},
issn = {1521-3773},
abstract = {Regulating appropriate valence states of metal active centers, such as Ce3+/Ce4+ and Mn3+/Mn2+, as well as surface vacancy defects, is crucial for enhancing the catalytic activity of cerium-based and manganese-based nanozymes. Drawing inspiration from the efficient substance exchange in rhizobia-colonized root cells of legumes, we developed a symbiosis nanozyme system with rhizobia-like nano CeOx clusters robustly anchored onto root-like Mn3O4 nanosupports (CeOx/Mn3O4). The process of "substance exchange" between Ce and Mn atoms-reminiscent of electron transfer-not only fine-tunes the metal active sites to achieve optimal Ce3+/Ce4+ and Mn3+/Mn2+ ratios but also enhances the vacancy ratio through interface defect engineering. Additionally, the confinement anchoring of CeOx on Mn3O4 ensures efficient electron transfer in catalytic reactions. The final CeOx/Mn3O4 nanozyme demonstrates potent catalase-like (CAT- like) and superoxide dismutase-like (SOD-like) activities, excelling in both chemical settings and cellular environments with high reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. This research not only unveils a novel material adept at effectively eliminating ROS but also presents an innovative approach for amplifying nanozyme efficacy.},
}
@article {pmid39327210,
year = {2024},
author = {García-Lozano, M and Salem, H},
title = {Microbial bases of herbivory in beetles.},
journal = {Trends in microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tim.2024.08.004},
pmid = {39327210},
issn = {1878-4380},
abstract = {The ecological radiation of herbivorous beetles is among the most successful in the animal kingdom. It coincided with the rise and diversification of flowering plants, requiring beetles to adapt to a nutritionally imbalanced diet enriched in complex polysaccharides and toxic secondary metabolites. In this review, we explore how beetles overcame these challenges by coopting microbial genes, enzymes, and metabolites, through both horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and symbiosis. Recent efforts revealed the functional convergence governing both processes and the unique ways in which microbes continue to shape beetle digestion, development, and defense. The development of genetic and experimental tools across a diverse set of study systems has provided valuable mechanistic insights into how microbes spurred metabolic innovation and facilitated an herbivorous transition in beetles.},
}
@article {pmid39326826,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, S and Kong, Z and Guo, H and Zhang, Y and Han, X and Gao, Y and Daigger, GT and Zhang, G and Li, R and Liu, Y and Zhang, P and Song, G},
title = {Performance, mechanism regulation and resource recycling of bacteria-algae symbiosis system for wastewater treatment: A review.},
journal = {Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)},
volume = {362},
number = {},
pages = {125019},
doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125019},
pmid = {39326826},
issn = {1873-6424},
abstract = {The bacteria-algae synergistic wastewater treatment process not only efficiently eliminates nutrients and absorbs heavy metals, but also utilizes photosynthesis to convert light energy into chemical energy, generating valuable bioresource. The study systematically explores the formation, algal species, and regulatory strategies of the bacterial-algal symbiosis system. It provides a detailed analysis of various interaction mechanisms, with a particular focus on nutrient exchange, signal transduction, and gene transfer. Additionally, the efficacy of the system in removing nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metals, as well as its role in CO2 reduction and bioresource recycling, is thoroughly elaborated. Potential future research of bacteria-algae cell factory producing bioenergy production, feed or fertilizers are summarized. This paper clearly presents effective strategies for efficiently removing pollutants, reducing carbon emissions, and promoting resource recycling in the field of wastewater treatment. It also provides recommendations for further research on utilizing microbial-algal symbiotic systems to remove novel pollutants from wastewater and extract value-added products from the resulting biomass.},
}
@article {pmid39326580,
year = {2024},
author = {Xing, Z and Guo, L and Li, S and Huang, W and Su, J and Chen, X and Li, Y and Zhang, J},
title = {Skeletal muscle-derived exosomes prevent osteoporosis by promoting osteogenesis.},
journal = {Life sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {123079},
doi = {10.1016/j.lfs.2024.123079},
pmid = {39326580},
issn = {1879-0631},
abstract = {Skeletal muscle and bone are the major organs for physical activity, in which there is a parallel correlation between muscle mass and bone density throughout a lifetime. Osteoporosis is a systemic bone metabolic disorder caused by reduced bone formation and increased bone resorption. Based on the metabolic symbiosis relationship between skeletal muscle and bone, we hypothesis that skeletal muscle secretory factors could play constructive roles in osteoporosis. Exosomes have been verified to transfer bioactive factors among cells. However, the role of skeletal muscle derived-exosomes (SM-Exos) in osteoporosis is still unclear. In this study, we isolated the exosomes derived from denervated skeletal muscles intervened by neuromuscular electrical stimulation (DN + ES-Exo), and then injected these DN + ES-Exo into sarco-osteoporotic rats through tail vein. In vitro studies, we cocultured SM-Exos from different states with differentiated MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. In brief, our research results demonstrate that SM-Exos could partially promote osteogenesis both in vivo and in vitro. Further, our findings indicate that skeletal muscle contraction induced by neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) can reverse the incidence of sarco-osteoporosis to a certain degree, and DN + ES-Exo contributes to the improvement in osteoporosis by facilitating osteoblast differentiation. Then, we revealed that NMES might regulate several miRNAs in skeletal muscle, the miRNAs that are encapsulated by SM-Exos might be involved in osteogenic differentiation in a network manner. All in all, this study confirmed the effect of NMES on sarco-osteoporosis and explored the role of SM-Exos in the improvement osteoporosis, which provide an effective theoretical support for the physical therapy of clinical sarco-osteoporosis.},
}
@article {pmid39325991,
year = {2024},
author = {Nel, WJ and Randolph, C and Paap, T and Hurley, BP and Slippers, B and Barnes, I and Wingfield, MJ},
title = {Fusarium species associated with Euwallacea xanthopus in South Africa, including two novel species.},
journal = {Mycologia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-20},
doi = {10.1080/00275514.2024.2394758},
pmid = {39325991},
issn = {1557-2536},
abstract = {Ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are small wood-boring insects that live in an obligate symbiosis with fungi, which serve as their primary food source. Beetles residing in the genus Euwallacea have evolved a unique association with a clade of Fusarium that falls within the aptly named Ambrosia Fusarium Clade (AFC). The discovery of the invasive polyphagous shot hole borer, E. fornicatus, in South Africa, has heightened awareness of ambrosia beetles and their symbionts in the country. In this study, we investigated the Fusarium symbionts of three species of Euwallacea in South Africa, with a specific focus on those associated with E. xanthopus. Isolations of Fusarium strains from both living and dissected beetles yielded nearly 100 isolates. Using multigene phylogenetic analyses, these isolates were identified as six different Fusarium species. Fusarium hypothenemi and F. euwallaceae have previously been reported from South Africa. Fusarium pseudensiforme and Fusarium AF-6 are new records for the country. The remaining two species are new to science and are described here as F. rufum sp. nov. and F. floriferum sp. nov. Targeted fungal isolation from specific beetle body parts revealed that the AFC species collected were typically associated with the dissected beetle heads and helped us identify the likely nutritional symbiont of E. xanthopus. This study highlights the understudied diversity of fungal associates of ambrosia beetles present in South Africa.},
}
@article {pmid39325838,
year = {2024},
author = {Liang, Y and Liu, J and Wu, Y and Wu, Y and Xi, Z},
title = {Stable introduction of Wolbachia wPip into invasive Anopheles stephensi for potential malaria control.},
journal = {PLoS neglected tropical diseases},
volume = {18},
number = {9},
pages = {e0012523},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0012523},
pmid = {39325838},
issn = {1935-2735},
abstract = {The spread and invasion of the urban malaria vector Anopheles stephensi has emerged as a significant threat to ongoing malaria control and elimination efforts, particularly in Africa. The successful use of the maternally inherited endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia for arbovirus control has inspired the exploration of similar strategies for managing malaria vectors, necessitating the establishment of a stable Wolbachia-Anopheles symbiosis. In this study, we successfully transferred Wolbachia wPip into An. stephensi, resulting in the establishment of a stable transinfected HP1 line with 100% maternal transmission efficiency. We demonstrate that wPip in the HP1 line induces nearly complete unidirectional cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) and maintains high densities in both somatic and germline tissues. Despite a modest reduction in lifespan and female reproductive capacity, our results suggest the Wolbachia infection in the HP1 line has little impact on life history traits, body size, and male mating competitiveness, as well as the ability of its larvae to tolerate rearing temperatures up to 38°C, although wPip densities moderately decrease when larvae are exposed to a constant 33°C and diurnal cyclic temperatures of 27-36°C and 27-38°C. These findings highlight the potential of the HP1 line as a robust candidate for further development in malaria control.},
}
@article {pmid39325648,
year = {2024},
author = {Kawano, K and Awano, T and Yoshinaga, A and Sugiyama, J and Sawayama, S and Nakagawa, S},
title = {Paralimibaculum aggregatum gen. nov. sp. nov. and Biformimicrobium ophioploci gen. nov. sp. nov., two novel heterotrophs from brittle star Ophioplocus japonicus.},
journal = {International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology},
volume = {74},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39325648},
issn = {1466-5034},
mesh = {*Phylogeny ; *RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; *Base Composition ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; *Bacterial Typing Techniques ; *Fatty Acids ; *Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Japan ; Animals ; Starfish/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Two novel Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, halophilic and non-motile bacterial strains, designated NKW23[T] and NKW57[T], were isolated from a brittle star Ophioplocus japonicus collected from a tidal pool in Wakayama, Japan. The results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that NKW23[T] represented a member of the family Paracoccaceae, with Limibaculum halophilum CAU 1123[T] as its closest relative (94.4% sequence identity). NKW57[T] was identified as representing a member of the family Microbulbiferaceae, with up to 94.9% sequence identity with its closest relatives. Both strains displayed average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridisation (dDDH) values below the species delimitation threshold against their closest relatives. Additionally, amino acid identity (AAI) values of both strains fell below the genus-defining threshold. Phylogenetic trees based on genome sequences indicated that NKW23[T] formed a novel lineage, branching deeply prior to the divergence of the genera Limibaculum and Thermohalobaculum, with an evolutionary distance (ED) of 0.31-0.32, indicative of genus-level differentiation. NKW57[T] similarly formed a distinct lineage separate from the species of the genus Microbulbifer. The major respiratory quinones of NKW23[T] and NKW57[T] were ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) and Q-8, respectively. The genomic DNA G+C contents of NKW23[T] and NKW57[T] were 71.4 and 58.8%, respectively. On the basis of the physiological and phylogenetic characteristics, it was proposed that these strains should be classified as novel species representing two novel genera: Paralimibaculum aggregatum gen. nov., sp. nov., with strain NKW23[T] (=JCM 36220[T]=KCTC 8062[T]) as the type strain, and Biformimicrobium ophioploci gen. nov., sp. nov., with strain NKW57[T] (=JCM 36221[T]=KCTC 8063[T]) as the type strain.},
}
@article {pmid39325424,
year = {2024},
author = {Dai, H and Wu, B and Zhuang, Y and Ren, H and Chen, Y and Zhang, F and Chu, C and Lv, X and Xu, J and Ma, B},
title = {Dynamic in situ detection in iRhizo-Chip reveals diurnal fluctuations of Bacillus subtilis in the rhizosphere.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {121},
number = {40},
pages = {e2408711121},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2408711121},
pmid = {39325424},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {42277283//MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)/ ; 41991334//MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)/ ; 2023C020015//Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province (Key R&amp;D plan of Zhejiang Province)/ ; 2023C02004//Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province (Key R&amp;D plan of Zhejiang Province)/ ; },
mesh = {*Bacillus subtilis/metabolism/physiology ; *Rhizosphere ; *Soil Microbiology ; Plant Roots/microbiology/metabolism ; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ; Circadian Rhythm/physiology ; Oxygen/metabolism/analysis ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Effective colonization by microbe in the rhizosphere is critical for establishing a beneficial symbiotic relationship with the host plant. Bacillus subtilis, a soil-dwelling bacterium that is commonly found in association with plants and their rhizosphere, has garnered interest for its potential to enhance plant growth, suppress pathogens, and contribute to sustainable agricultural practices. However, research on the dynamic distribution of B. subtilis within the rhizosphere and its interaction mechanisms with plant roots remains insufficient due to limitations in existing in situ detection methodologies. To achieve dynamic in situ detection of the rhizosphere environment, we established iRhizo-Chip, a microfluidics-based platform. Using this device to investigate microbial behavior within the rhizosphere, we found obvious diurnal fluctuations in the growth of B. subtilis in the rhizosphere. Temporal dynamic analysis of rhizosphere dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, dissolved organic carbon, and reactive oxygen species showed that diurnal fluctuations in the growth of B. subtilis are potentially related to a variety of environmental factors. Spatial dynamic analysis also showed that the spatial distribution changes of B. subtilis and DO and pH were similar. Subsequently, through in vitro control experiments, we proved that rhizosphere DO and pH are the main driving forces for diurnal fluctuations in the growth of B. subtilis. Our results show that the growth of B. subtilis is driven by rhizosphere DO and pH, resulting in diurnal fluctuations, and iRhizo-Chip is a valuable tool for studying plant rhizosphere dynamics.},
}
@article {pmid39325129,
year = {2024},
author = {Abou Diwan, M and Djekkoun, N and Boucau, MC and Corona, A and Dehouck, L and Biendo, M and Gosselet, F and Bach, V and Candela, P and Khorsi-Cauet, H},
title = {Maternal exposure to pesticides induces perturbations in the gut microbiota and blood-brain barrier of dams and the progeny, prevented by a prebiotic.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39325129},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {Exposure to pesticide residues during the first 1000 days of life can disrupt body homeostasis and contribute to chronic metabolic diseases. Perinatal chlorpyrifos (CPF) exposure alters gut microbiota (GM) balance, potentially affecting offspring's health. Given the GM influence on brain function, the primary aim is to determine if pesticide-induced dysbiosis (microbial imbalance) affects indirectly other organs, such as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The secondary objective is to evaluate the prebiotics protective effects, particularly inulin in promoting microbial balance (symbiosis), in both mothers and offspring. A total of 15 or more female rats were divided in 4 groups: control, oral CPF-exposed (1 mg/kg/day), exposed to inulin (10 g/L), and co-exposed to CPF and inulin from pre-gestation until weaning of pups. Samples from intestines, spleen, liver, and brain microvessels underwent microbiological and biomolecular analyses. Bacterial culture assessed GM composition of living bacteria and their translocation to non-intestinal organs. RT qPCR and Western blotting detected gene expression and protein levels of tight junction markers in brain microvessels. CPF exposure caused gut dysbiosis in offspring, with decreased Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and increased Escherichia coli (p < 0.01) leading to bacterial translocation to the spleen and liver. CPF also decreased tight junction's gene expression levels (50 to 60% decrease of CLDN3, p < 0.05). In contrast, inulin partially mitigated these adverse effects and restored gene expression to control levels. Our findings demonstrate a causal link between GM alterations and BBB integrity disruptions. The protective effects of inulin suggest potential therapeutic strategies to counteract pesticide-induced dysbiosis.},
}
@article {pmid39324788,
year = {2024},
author = {Mes, W and Lücker, S and Jetten, MS and Siepel, H and Gorissen, M and van Kessel, MA},
title = {Gill-associated ammonia oxidizers are widespread in teleost fish.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0029524},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.00295-24},
pmid = {39324788},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {Recent advances in sequencing methods have greatly expanded the knowledge of teleost-associated microorganisms. While fish-gut microbiomes are comparatively well studied, less attention has gone toward other, external organ-microbiome associations. Gills are particularly interesting to investigate due to their functions in gas exchange, osmoregulation, and nitrogen excretion. We recently discovered a branchial symbiosis between nitrogen-cycling bacteria and teleosts (zebrafish and carp), in which ammonia-oxidizing Nitrosomonas and denitrifying bacteria together convert toxic ammonia excreted by the fish into harmless dinitrogen (N2) gas. This symbiosis can function as a "natural biofilter" in fish gills and can potentially occur in all ammonotelic fish species, but it remains unknown how widespread this symbiosis is. In this study, we analyzed all publicly available gill microbiome data sets and checked for the presence of Nitrosomonas. We discovered that more than half of the described fish gill microbiomes contain 16S rRNA gene sequences of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). The presence of gill-specific AOB was shown in both wild and aquacultured fish, as well as in marine and freshwater fish species. Based on these findings, we propose that ammonia oxidizers are widespread in teleost fish gills. These gill-associated AOB can significantly affect fish nitrogen excretion, and the widespread nature of this association suggests that the gill-associated AOB can have similar impacts on more fish species. Future research should address the contribution of these microorganisms to fish nitrogen metabolism and the fundamental characteristics of this novel symbiosis.IMPORTANCERecent advances in sequencing have increased our knowledge of teleost-associated microbiota, but the gill microbiome has received comparatively little attention. We recently discovered a consortium of nitrogen-cycling bacteria in the gills of common carp and zebrafish, which are able to convert (toxic) ammonia into harmless dinitrogen gas. These microorganisms thus function as a natural nitrogen biofilter. We analyzed all available gill microbiome data sets to determine how widespread gill-associated ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) are. More than half of the data sets contained AOB, representing both aquacultured and wild fish from freshwater and marine habitats. In total, 182 amplicon sequencing variants were obtained, of which 115 were found specifically in the gills and not the environmental microbiomes. As gill-associated AOB are apparently widespread in teleost fish, it is important to study their impact on host nitrogen excretion and the potential to reduce ammonia accumulation in (recirculating) aquaculture of relevant fish species.},
}
@article {pmid39324179,
year = {2024},
author = {Wu, X and Qi, T and Zhang, M and Bi, J},
title = {A rare case report of Prevotella lung abscess diagnosed using third-generation metagenomic sequencing.},
journal = {The Journal of international medical research},
volume = {52},
number = {9},
pages = {3000605241271757},
doi = {10.1177/03000605241271757},
pmid = {39324179},
issn = {1473-2300},
mesh = {Humans ; *Prevotella/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; *Lung Abscess/microbiology/diagnosis ; *Metagenomics/methods ; Bacteroidaceae Infections/diagnosis/microbiology ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods ; Female ; Male ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; },
abstract = {The Prevotella genus consists of obligate anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria that are symbiotic with the oral, intestinal, and vaginal mucosa. While several species of Prevotella have been implicated in pulmonary infections, identification of Prevotella as the causative agent of lung abscess is uncommon because of the requirement for stringent anaerobic culture conditions. In this report, we highlight a case of lung abscess caused by Prevotella salivae and Prevotella veroralis, underscoring the importance of third-generation metagenomic sequencing using devices from Oxford Nanopore Technologies for the precise diagnosis of specific pathogens.},
}
@article {pmid39323884,
year = {2024},
author = {Gao, P and Shen, W and Bo, T},
title = {The interaction between gut microbiota and hibernation in mammals.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1433675},
pmid = {39323884},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Hibernation, an evolved survival trait among animals, enables them to endure frigid temperatures and food scarcity during the winter months, and it is a widespread phenomenon observed in mammals. The gut microbiota, a crucial component of animal nutrition and health, exhibits particularly dynamic interactions in hibernating mammals. This manuscript comprehensively evaluates the impacts of fasting, hypothermia, and hypometabolism on the gut microbiota of hibernating mammals. It suggests that alterations in the gut microbiota may contribute significantly to the maintenance of energy metabolism and intestinal immune function during hibernation, mediated by their metabolites. By delving into these intricacies, we can gain a deeper understanding of how hibernating mammals adapt to their environments and the consequences of dietary modifications on the symbiotic relationship between the gut microbiota and the host. Additionally, this knowledge can inform our comprehension of the protective mechanisms underlying long-term fasting in non-hibernating species, including humans, providing valuable insights into nutritional strategies and health maintenance.},
}
@article {pmid39323574,
year = {2024},
author = {Mandolini, E and Bacher, M and Peintner, U},
title = {Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities of Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra) depend on climate and tree age in natural forests of the Alps.},
journal = {Plant and soil},
volume = {502},
number = {1-2},
pages = {167-180},
pmid = {39323574},
issn = {0032-079X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Pinus cembra represent a typical and important tree species growing in European subalpine and alpine habitats. The ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communities associated to this tree under natural conditions are largely unknown.<br><br>METHODS: In this study, we investigated the ECM fungal abundance and composition at four high-altitude sites (two northern-exposed and two southern-exposed habitats) in South Tyrol (Italy), and included also two different age classes of P. cembra. The ECM partners were characterized morphologically, and identified by rDNA ITS sequence analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: The degree of mycorrhization in adult P. cembra was typically 100% in these natural habitats, with a total species diversity of 20 ECM species. The four high-altitude sites were similar concerning their species richness and mycobiont diversity, but they differed significantly in ECM species composition. Young P. cembra had a mycorrhization degree of 100% and a total of 10 species were observed. All mycorrhizal partners of naturally regenerated young P. cembra were only detected in one specific location, with the exception of Cenococcum sp. and Amphinema sp. which were detected at two sites. Young trees harbour a distinct ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity, which is clearly lower than the diversity detected in adult P. cembra trees. The P. cembra bolete (Suillus plorans) is the most important symbiotic partner of P. cembra at Southern Tyrolean high-altitude sites and is known for its strict, species-specific host association.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The ectomycorrhizal fungal community composition strongly depends on geographic region and on the slope exposure (north or south) of the site.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11104-022-05497-z.},
}
@article {pmid39323103,
year = {2024},
author = {Abdisa, E and Esmaeily, M and Kwon, J and Jin, G and Kim, Y},
title = {A Nematode Isolate, Oscheius Tipulae, Exhibiting a Wide Entomopathogenic Spectrum and its Application to Control Dipteran Insect Pests.},
journal = {Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology},
volume = {117},
number = {1},
pages = {e22152},
doi = {10.1002/arch.22152},
pmid = {39323103},
issn = {1520-6327},
support = {//This work was supported by a grant (No. 2022R1A2B5B03001792) from the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Minifistry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, Republic of Korea. This study was also funded by a research grant from Andong National University./ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Diptera/microbiology ; Pest Control, Biological ; Rhabditida/pathogenicity/physiology ; Virulence ; Symbiosis ; Nematoda ; Xenorhabdus/genetics/pathogenicity/physiology ; },
abstract = {An entomopathogenic nematode, Oscheius tipulae, was isolated from a soil sample. The identification of this species was supported by morphological and molecular markers. The nematode isolate exhibited pathogenicity against different target insects including lepidopteran, coleopteran, and dipteran insects. The virulence of this nematode was similar to that of a well-known entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae, against the same insect targets. A comparative metagenomics analysis of these two nematode species predicted the existence of a combined total of 272 bacterial species in their intestines, of which 51 bacterial species were shared between the two nematode species. In particular, the common gut bacteria included several entomopathogenic bacteria including Xenorhabdus nematophila, which is known as a symbiotic bacterium to S. carpocapsae. The nematode virulence of O. tipulae to insects was enhanced by an addition of dexamethasone but suppressed by an addition of arachidonic acid, suggesting that the immune defenses of the target insects against the nematode infection is mediated by eicosanoids, which would be manipulated by the symbiotic bacteria of the nematode. Unlike S. carpocapsae, O. tipulae showed high virulence against dipteran insects including fruit flies, onion flies, and mosquitoes. O. tipulae showed particularly high control efficacies against the onion maggot, Delia platura, infesting the Welsh onion in the rhizosphere in both pot and field assays.},
}
@article {pmid39321594,
year = {2024},
author = {Wei, H and He, W and Mao, X and Liao, S and Wang, Q and Wang, Z and Tang, M and Xu, T and Chen, H},
title = {Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and exogenous Ca[2+] application synergistically enhance salt and alkali resistance in perennial ryegrass through diverse adaptive strategies.},
journal = {Microbiological research},
volume = {289},
number = {},
pages = {127906},
doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2024.127906},
pmid = {39321594},
issn = {1618-0623},
abstract = {The challenge of soil salinization and alkalization, with its significant impact on crop productivity, has raised growing concerns with global population growth and enhanced environmental degradation. Although arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and calcium ions (Ca[2+]) are known to enhance plant resistance to stress, their combined effects on perennial ryegrass' tolerance to salt and alkali stress and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the roles of Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Rhizophagus irregularis and exogenous Ca[2+] application in molecular and physiological responses to salt-alkali stress. AM symbiosis and exogenous Ca[2+] application enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity and non-enzymatic components, promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and reducing lipid peroxidation while alleviating oxidative damage induced by salt-alkali stress. Furthermore, they enhanced osmotic balance by increasing soluble sugar content (Proportion of contribution of the osmotic adjustment were 34∼38 % in shoots and 30∼37 % in roots) under salt stress and organic acid content (Proportion of contribution of the osmotic adjustment were 32∼36 % in shoots and 37∼42 % in roots) under alkali stress. Changes in organic solute and inorganic cation-anion contents contributed to ion balance, while hormonal regulation played a role in these protective mechanisms. Moreover, the protective mechanisms involved activation of Ca[2+]-mediated signaling pathways, regulation of salt-alkali stress-related genes (including LpNHX1 and LpSOS1), increased ATPase activity, elevated ATP levels, enhanced Na[+] extrusion, improved K[+] absorption capacity, and a reduced Na[+]/K[+] ratio, all contributing to the protection of photosynthetic pigments and the enhancement of photosynthetic efficiency. Ultimately, the combined application of exogenous Ca[2+] and AMF synergistically alleviated the inhibitory effects of salt-alkali stress on perennial ryegrass growth. This finding suggested that exogenous Ca[2+] may participate in the colonization of perennial ryegrass plants by R. irregularis, while AM symbiosis may activate Ca[2+] pathways. Consequently, the combined treatment of AM and Ca[2+] is beneficial for enhancing plant regulatory mechanisms and increasing crop yield under salt-alkali stress.},
}
@article {pmid39320926,
year = {2024},
author = {Tiwari, R and Singh, J},
title = {Decoding the Fancy Coat Worn by Rhizobia in Symbiosis.},
journal = {Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI},
volume = {37},
number = {9},
pages = {651-652},
doi = {10.1094/MPMI-09-24-0109-CM},
pmid = {39320926},
issn = {0894-0282},
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; *Rhizobium/physiology ; },
}
@article {pmid39315799,
year = {2024},
author = {Bender, HA and Huynh, R and Puerner, C and Pelaez, J and Sadowski, C and Kissman, EN and Barbano, J and Schallies, KB and Gibson, KE},
title = {The Sinorhizobium meliloti nitrogen-fixing symbiosis requires CbrA-dependent regulation of a DivL and CckA phosphorelay.},
journal = {Journal of bacteriology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0039923},
doi = {10.1128/jb.00399-23},
pmid = {39315799},
issn = {1098-5530},
abstract = {The cell cycle is a fundamental process involved in bacterial reproduction and cellular differentiation. For Sinorhizobium meliloti, cell cycle outcomes depend on its growth environment. This bacterium shows a tight coupling of DNA replication initiation with cell division during free-living growth. In contrast, it undergoes a novel program of endoreduplication and terminal differentiation during symbiosis within its host. While several DivK regulators at the top of its CtrA pathway have been shown to play an important role in this differentiation process, there is a lack of resolution regarding the downstream molecular activities required and whether they could be unique to the symbiosis cell cycle. The DivK kinase CbrA is a negative regulator of CtrA activity and is required for successful symbiosis. In this work, spontaneous symbiosis suppressors of ΔcbrA were identified as alleles of divL and cckA. In addition to rescuing symbiotic development, they restore wild-type cell cycle progression to free-living ΔcbrA cells. Biochemical characterization of the S. meliloti hybrid histidine kinase CckA in vitro demonstrates that it has both kinase and phosphatase activities. Specifically, CckA on its own has autophosphorylation activity, and phosphatase activity is induced by the second messenger c-di-GMP. Importantly, the CckA[A373S] suppressor protein of ΔcbrA has a significant loss in kinase activity, and this is predicted to cause decreased CtrA activity in vivo. These findings deepen our understanding of the CbrA regulatory pathway and open new avenues for further molecular characterization of a network pivotal to the free-living cell cycle and symbiotic differentiation of S. meliloti.IMPORTANCESinorhizobium meliloti is a soil bacterium able to form a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with certain legumes, including the agriculturally important Medicago sativa. It provides ammonia to plants growing in nitrogen-poor soils and is therefore of agricultural and environmental significance as this symbiosis negates the need for industrial fertilizers. Understanding mechanisms governing symbiotic development is essential to either engineer a more effective symbiosis or extend its potential to non-leguminous crops. Here, we identify mutations within cell cycle regulators and find that they control cell cycle outcomes during both symbiosis and free-living growth. As regulators within the CtrA two-component signal transduction pathway, this study deepens our understanding of a regulatory network shaping host colonization, cell cycle differentiation, and symbiosis in an important model organism.},
}
@article {pmid39313798,
year = {2024},
author = {AbdElgawad, H and Crecchio, C and Nhs, M and Abdel-Maksoud, MA and Malik, A and Sheteiwy, MS and Hamoud, YA and Sulieman, S and Shaghaleh, H and Alyafei, M and Khanghahi, MY},
title = {Mitigating gadolinium toxicity in guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) through the symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: physiological and biochemical insights.},
journal = {BMC plant biology},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {877},
pmid = {39313798},
issn = {1471-2229},
support = {RSP2024R176//King Saud University/ ; RSP2024R176//King Saud University/ ; },
mesh = {*Mycorrhizae/physiology ; *Symbiosis ; *Cyamopsis/metabolism ; *Gadolinium ; Soil Pollutants/toxicity/metabolism ; Seeds/microbiology/drug effects ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Gadolinium (Gd) is an increasingly found lanthanide element in soil; thus, understanding its impact on plant physiology, biochemistry, and molecular responses is crucial. Here, we aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of Gd (150 mg kg[- 1]) impacts on guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) plant yield and metabolism and whether the symbiotic relationship with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can mitigate Gd toxicity of soil contamination.<br><br>RESULTS: AMF treatment improved mineral nutrient uptake and seed yield by 38-41% under Gd stress compared to non-inoculated stressed plants. Metabolic analysis unveiled the defense mechanisms adopted by AMF-treated plants, revealing carbon and nitrogen metabolism adaptations to withstand Gd contamination. This included an increase in the synthesis of primary metabolites, such as total sugar (+&#x2009;39% compared to control), soluble sugars (+&#x2009;29%), starch (+&#x2009;30%), and some main amino acids like proline (+&#x2009;57%) and phenylalanine (+&#x2009;87%) in the seeds of AMF-treated plants grown under Gd contamination. Furthermore, fatty acid and organic acid profile changes were accompanied by the production of secondary metabolites, including tocopherols, polyamines, phenolic acids, flavones, and anthocyanins.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the coordinated synthesis of these compounds underscores the intricate regulatory mechanisms underlying plant-AMF interactions and highlights the potential of AMF to modulate plant secondary metabolism for enhanced Gd stress tolerance.},
}
@article {pmid39313094,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, Y and Wu, SY},
title = {Entomopathogenic nematodes in insect pest biocontrol: Diversity and function of excretory/secretory proteins.},
journal = {Journal of invertebrate pathology},
volume = {207},
number = {},
pages = {108205},
doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2024.108205},
pmid = {39313094},
issn = {1096-0805},
abstract = {Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are obligate parasitic "biopesticides" that play a vital role in pest management. A thorough understanding of their pathogenic mechanisms is essential for promoting their widespread use in agricultural pest control. The pathogenicity of EPNs arises from two key factors: the pathogenicity of their symbiotic bacteria and the nematodes' intrinsic pathogenic mechanisms. This review concentrates on the latter, offering an exploration of the excretory/secretory products of EPNs, along with their pathogenic mechanisms and key components. Particular attention is given to specific excretory/secretory proteins (ESPs) identified in various EPN species. The aim is to provide a foundational reference for comprehending the role of these ESPs in pest control. Furthermore, the review discusses the potential of these findings to advance the development of eco-friendly biopesticides, thereby supporting sustainable agricultural practices.},
}
@article {pmid39312862,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhao, Y and Li, W and Xu, J and Bao, L and Wu, K and Shan, R and Hu, X and Fu, Y and Zhao, C},
title = {Endogenous retroviruses modulate the susceptibility of mice to Staphylococcus aureus-induced mastitis by activating cGAS-STING signaling.},
journal = {International immunopharmacology},
volume = {142},
number = {Pt B},
pages = {113171},
doi = {10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113171},
pmid = {39312862},
issn = {1878-1705},
abstract = {Recently studies showed that cow mastitis seriously affected the economic benefit of dairy industry and pathogen infection including S. aureus is the main cause of mastitis. However, there is still a lack of safe and effective treatment for S. aureus-induced mastitis due to its complex pathogenesis. Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) have long been symbiotic with mammals, and most ERVs still have the ability to produces complementary DNA (cDNA) by reverse transcription, whose induction by commensal or pathogens can regulate host immunity and inflammatory responses through the cGAS-STING pathway. However, whether and how ERVs participate in the pathogenesis of S. aureus-induced mastitis still unclear. In this study, we found that S. aureus treatment increased the levels of ERVs and IFN-β. Inhibition the transcription of ERVs by emtricitabine alleviated S. aureus-induced mammary injury, reduced mammary bacterial burden, and inhibited the production of mammary proinflammatory factors including TNF-α, IL-1β and MPO activity. Moreover, inhibition of ERVs restored the function of blood-milk barrier caused by S. aureus. Next, we showed that S. aureus infection activated mammary cGAS-STING signaling pathway, which was mediated by ERVs, as evidenced by emtricitabine inhibited S. aureus-induced activation of the cGAS-STING pathway. Interestingly, inhibition of cGAS-STING by Ru.521 and H151 respectively, significantly alleviated S. aureus-induced mammary injury and inflammatory responses, which was associated with the inhibition of NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathways. In conclusion, our study revealed that ERVs regulate the development of S. aureus-induced mastitis in mice through NF-κB- and NLRP3-mediated inflammatory responses via the activation of cGAS-STING pathway, suggesting that targeting ERVs-cGAS-STING axis may be a potential approach for the treatment of S. aureus-induced mastitis.},
}
@article {pmid39312453,
year = {2024},
author = {Lutsiv, T and Hussan, H and Thompson, HJ},
title = {Ecosystemic Approach to Understanding Gut Microbiome-Mediated Prevention of Colorectal Cancer.},
journal = {Cancer journal (Sudbury, Mass.)},
volume = {30},
number = {5},
pages = {329-344},
pmid = {39312453},
issn = {1540-336X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Colorectal Neoplasms/microbiology/etiology/prevention &amp; control ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Animals ; Dietary Fiber ; Diet ; },
abstract = {Humans and their associated microorganisms coexist in complex symbiotic relationships. Continuously advancing research is demonstrating the crucial role of host-associated microbiota in the pathophysiology and etiology of disease and in mediating the prevention thereof. As an exemplar, the gut microbiota, especially colonic bacteria, have been extensively studied in colorectal cancer (CRC), and the growing body of evidence establishes new oncomicrobes and their oncometabolites associated with the initiation and promotion of carcinogenesis. Herein, we discuss the importance of approaching the gut microbiome as an ecosystem rather than an assortment of individual factors, especially in the context of cancer prevention. Furthermore, we argue that a dietary pattern effectively drives multiple nodes of the gut microbial ecosystem toward disease- or health-promoting qualities. In the modern circumstances of excessive consumption of ultraprocessed and animal-based foods and concomitant escalation of chronic disease burden worldwide, we focus on whole food-derived dietary fiber as a key to establishing a health-promoting eubiosis in the gut.},
}
@article {pmid39311584,
year = {2024},
author = {Calawa, J and Foxall, R and Pankey, S and Sebra, R and Whistler, CA},
title = {Complete genome sequence of Vibrio fischeri strain H905, a planktonic isolate among squid symbiotic congeners.},
journal = {Microbiology resource announcements},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0041824},
doi = {10.1128/mra.00418-24},
pmid = {39311584},
issn = {2576-098X},
abstract = {Here we describe the genome sequence of Vibrio (Aliivibrio) fischeri H905, a non-symbiotic isolate from Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii. Despite its close phylogenetic relationship to squid symbiont strains, H905 is not adept at colonization. Its genome serves as a valuable comparator, illustrating the complex evolutionary dynamics within V. fischeri clades.},
}
@article {pmid39311575,
year = {2024},
author = {Han, C-J and Huang, J-P and Chiang, M-R and Jean, OSM and Nand, N and Etebari, K and Shelomi, M},
title = {The hindgut microbiota of coconut rhinoceros beetles (Oryctes rhinoceros) in relation to their geographical populations.},
journal = {Applied and environmental microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0098724},
doi = {10.1128/aem.00987-24},
pmid = {39311575},
issn = {1098-5336},
abstract = {The coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB, Oryctes rhinoceros) is a palm tree pest capable of rapidly expanding its population in new territories. Previous studies identified a digestive symbiosis between CRB and its gut microbes. However, no research compared the genetic variation of CRBs with their hindgut microbiota on a global scale. This study aims to investigate the genetic divergence of CRB and the compositional variation of CRB's microbiota across different geographical locations, and explore the association between them and their predicted functional profiles and environmental data. The research reveals a distinct and consistent microbial community within local populations, but it varies across different geographical populations. The microbial functional profiles linked to the production of digestive enzymes, including cellulases and ligninases, are nonetheless globally conserved. This suggests that CRBs employ specific mechanisms to select and maintain microbes with functional benefits, contributing to host adaptability, stress tolerance, and fitness. The CRB microbial communities did not appear to recapitulate the genetic variation of their hosts. Rather than depend on obligate symbionts, CRBs seem to establish similar digestive associations with whatever environmentally acquired microbes are available wherever they are, aiding them in successfully establishing after invading a new location.IMPORTANCECoconut rhinoceros beetles (CRBs) are notorious pests on Arecaceae plants, posing destructive threats to countries highly reliant on coconut, oil palm, and date palm as economic crops. In the last century, CRBs have rapidly expanded their presence to territories that were once free of these beetles. The United States, for instance, has officially designated CRBs as invasive and alien pests. Given their remarkable ability to swiftly adapt to new environments, their gut microbes may play a crucial role in this process. While the microbiota of CRBs vary depending on geographical location, these beetles consistently exhibit a functionally identical digestive association with locally acquired microbes. This underscores the significance of CRB-microbe association in shaping the adaptive strategies of this agricultural pest.},
}
@article {pmid39310729,
year = {2024},
author = {Fahim, H and Naaykens, T and D'Aloia, CC},
title = {Habitat quality effects on the abundance of a coral-dwelling fish across spatial scales.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {14},
number = {9},
pages = {e70322},
pmid = {39310729},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Microhabitat associated fishes are expected to be negatively affected by coral reef degradation, given that many species are coral dwellers. However, the factors underlying this negative impact and the spatial scale(s) at which it occurs are poorly understood. We explored how habitat quality metrics and host preferences influence fish abundance across multiple spatial scales, using the functionally important cleaner fish Elacatinus evelynae as a study species. We surveyed fish at 10 sites in Curaçao that varied in coral cover and health. At the microhabitat scale, we found that E. evelynae group size increases on large, healthy corals and on some coral host species, namely Montastraea cavernosa. We also found that, although E. evelynae can occupy at least 10 coral host species, it selectively inhabits just three corals: M. cavernosa, Colpophyllia natans, and Diploria labrynthiformis. Scaling up to explore goby abundance along 30-m transects, we did not find a clear relationship between live coral cover and goby abundance. However, goby abundance was substantially higher at one location with elevated coral cover and a high relative abundance of E. evelynae host species. Collectively, these results confirm that E. evelynae abundance is impacted by reef health. They also indicate that the species' long-term persistence may depend on both the maintenance of healthy coral hosts and the gobies' plasticity in host preferences on changing reefscapes. Cryptobenthic fishes such as E. evelynae play a vital role in the ecosystem and understanding drivers of their abundance is important as reefs face increased degradation.},
}
@article {pmid39308636,
year = {2024},
author = {Pröts, P and Novotny-Diermayr, V and Ott, JA},
title = {A novel three-part pharynx and its parallel evolution within symbiotic marine nematodes (Desmodoroidea, Stilbonematinae).},
journal = {Organisms, diversity &amp; evolution},
volume = {24},
number = {3},
pages = {353-373},
pmid = {39308636},
issn = {1439-6092},
abstract = {Stilbonematinae are nematodes commonly found in shallow marine sands. They are overgrown by a genus- and species-specific coat of chemoautotrophic sulphur-oxidizing ectosymbiotic bacteria which profit from the vertical migration of their hosts through the chemocline by alternately gaining access to oxidizing and reducing chemical species, while in return, the host feeds on its symbionts. The subfamily exhibits a large morphological variability; e.g. the anterior pharynx is cylindrical in genera possessing a voluminous coat, but species with a bacterial monolayer possess a distinctly swollen corpus and therefore a tripartite pharynx. Since 18S-based phylogenetic analyses do not show close relationships between corpus-bearing species, we investigated the pharynx morphology using phalloidin staining in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy in order to assess an independent evolution. The class-wide stable position of the subventral pharynx ampullae was used as a morphological marker. Ampullae are positioned at the anterior-most end of the isthmus in Cyathorobbea, further posterior in Catanema and Robbea and inside the corpus in Laxus oneistus. We therefore conclude an independent evolution of corpus enlargements within Stilbonematinae. This further suggests that pharynx morphology is driven by the volume of the symbiotic bacterial coat rather than phylogeny. Based on an existing mathematical model, an enlarged corpus should enable its bearer to ingest food in smaller quantities, in gourmet style, whereas a cylindrical pharynx would restrict its bearer to ancestral gourmand feeding. A review of pharynx types of Nematoda showed that the Stilbonematinae pharynx is substantially different compared to other tripartite pharynges. The lack of pharyngeal tubes and valves, the undivided corpus and evenly distributed nuclei in the isthmus warrant the definition of the "stilbonematoid" three-part pharynx.},
}
@article {pmid39307902,
year = {2024},
author = {Ma, Z and Zuo, T and Frey, N and Rangrez, AY},
title = {A systematic framework for understanding the microbiome in human health and disease: from basic principles to clinical translation.},
journal = {Signal transduction and targeted therapy},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {237},
pmid = {39307902},
issn = {2059-3635},
support = {RA 2717/4-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; 1289/17-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; },