@article {pmid41012117,
year = {2025},
author = {Ng, CS},
title = {Immunotherapy of Oncovirus-Induced Cancers: A Review on the Development and Efficacy of Targeted Vaccines.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {13},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41012117},
issn = {2076-393X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: A number of viruses are oncogenic. These include the human papilloma virus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi sarcoma human herpes virus 2/human herpes virus 8 (KSHHV/HHV8), hepatitis B virus, (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Merkel cell polyoma virus (McPyV), and the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). These viruses cause malignancies ranging from carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas, to leukemias. This review aims to study the effects and efficacy of vaccines against these viruses and the cancers they cause in their prevention and treatment.

METHODS: The literature in the past 30 years was searched employing Scopus and Google Scholar using the keywords "oncogenic viruses, HPV, EBV, KSHHV, HHV8, Polyoma virus, HTLV-1, COVID-19, carcinoma, sarcoma, lymphoma, leukemia, anti-virus vaccines".

RESULTS: Prophylactic vaccines against the HPV and HBV are highly effective in preventing and reducing the incidence of uterine cervical and hepatocellular carcinomas. Prophylactic vaccines against other oncogenic viruses have been less successful, though efficacious in some experimental animals. Therapeutic vaccines are still mostly under evaluation and development.

CONCLUSIONS: Identification of oncogenic viruses has rendered anti-viral vaccines conspicuous tools for preventing and treating cancers they cause. Many endeavors for the development of such vaccines have been met with limited success, apart from the very effective anti-HPV and anti-HBV vaccines in universal vaccination programs. With the development of new vaccine technologies, it is hoped that effective vaccines against other oncogenic viruses will be developed in the future.},
}

@article {pmid41012096,
year = {2025},
author = {Parvez, S and Pathrathota, A and Uppar, AL and Yadagiri, G and Mudavath, SL},
title = {Influenza Virus: Global Health Impact, Strategies, Challenges, Role of Nanotechnolgy in Influenza Vaccine Development.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {13},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41012096},
issn = {2076-393X},
support = {IIRP-2023- 3052//Indian Council of Medical Research/ ; },
abstract = {Influenza is a serious and global health issue, and it is a major cause of morbidity, fatality, and economic loss every year. Seasonal vaccines exist but are not very effective due to strain mismatches, delays in production, and antigenic drift. This comprehensive overview discusses the current situation of influenza vaccination, including the numerous types of vaccines-inactivated, live attenuated, and recombinant vaccines-and their effectiveness, efficacy, and associated challenges. It highlights the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the trends of influenza vaccination and the level to which innovation should be practiced. In the future universal influenza vaccines will be developed that target conserved viral antigens to provide long-term protection to people. In the meantime, novel vaccine delivery platforms, such as mRNA technology, virus-like particle (VLP), and nanoparticle-based systems, and less cumbersome and invasive administration routes, as well as immune responses are also under development to increase access and production capacity. Collectively, these innovations have the potential to not only reduce the global influenza epidemic but also to change the way influenza is prevented and prepare the world for a pandemic.},
}

@article {pmid41012094,
year = {2025},
author = {Gasana, P and Gahamanyi, N and Nzitakera, A and Farnir, F and Desmecht, D and Mutesa, L},
title = {A Review of Insights on Vaccination Against Respiratory Viral Infections in Africa: Challenges, Efforts, Impacts, and Opportunities for the Future.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {13},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41012094},
issn = {2076-393X},
support = {ARES-COOP-CONV-22-099//University of Rwanda-Academie de Recherche et d'Enseignement Superieur UR-ARES/ ; },
abstract = {Background: Respiratory viral infections such as influenza, COVID-19, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are considered as major public health threats in Africa. Despite global advancements in vaccine development, persistent inequities in access, delivery infrastructure, and public trust limit the continent's capacity to control these diseases effectively. This review aimed at providing insights on challenges, efforts, impacts, and opportunities for the future related to vaccination against respiratory viral infections in Africa. Methods: This narrative review synthesizes the peer-reviewed literature and global health reports to examine vaccination efforts against respiratory viruses in Africa. The analysis focuses on disease burden, vaccine coverage, barriers to uptake, enabling factors, progress in local vaccine production, and strategies for integrating vaccines into national immunization programs (NIPs). Results: Respiratory vaccines have significantly reduced hospitalizations and mortality among high-risk groups in African countries. Nonetheless, key challenges, including limited cold chain capacity, vaccine hesitancy, donor-reliant supply chains, and under-resourced health systems, continue to undermine vaccine delivery. Successful interventions include community mobilization, use of mobile health technologies, and leveraging existing immunization platforms. Emerging initiatives in local vaccine manufacturing, including Rwanda's modular mRNA facility and Senegal's Institut Pasteur, signal a shift toward regional self-reliance. Conclusions: Maximizing the impact of respiratory vaccines in Africa requires a multifaceted strategy: integrating vaccines into NIPs, strengthening domestic production, expanding cold chain and digital infrastructure, and addressing sociocultural barriers through community-driven communication. These efforts are essential to achieving vaccine equity, health resilience, and pandemic preparedness across the continent.},
}

@article {pmid41011838,
year = {2025},
author = {Alotaibi, M and Al-Khalaifah, H and Bouhoudan, A},
title = {Global Research Trends on Major Pathogenic Enteric Viruses (1990-2024): A Bibliometric Analysis of Epidemiology, Transmission, and Public Health Impact.},
journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41011838},
issn = {2076-0817},
mesh = {Humans ; Bibliometrics ; Public Health ; Global Health ; *Gastroenteritis/virology/epidemiology ; *Enterovirus Infections/epidemiology/transmission/virology ; Enterovirus/pathogenicity ; },
abstract = {Pathogenic enteric viruses are a leading cause of gastroenteritis-related mortality worldwide. However, the architecture of this research field remains poorly quantified. This bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive overview of 35 years of global scientific output on major enteric viruses, such as rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus, sapovirus, and non-polio enteroviruses, to map trends, methodological developments, and geographic disparities. We conducted a systematic search of PubMed and Scopus (1990-2024), identifying 10,017 records. After deduplication and eligibility screening, a final corpus of 8320 publications was analyzed using Bibliometrix (Biblioshiny 5.0) in R (version 4.3.0) and VOSviewer (Version 1.6.20). We found that scientific production grew steadily (CAGR = 5.84%), reaching its peak in 2021. The field is characterized by profound thematic and geographic disparity: rotavirus dominated the literature (56.3% of publications), followed by norovirus (30.8%), while other viruses were severely underrepresented (<9% each). Geographically, output was highly concentrated, with the top five countries (the USA, China, Japan, India, and Brazil) producing 92.4% of the publications. In contrast, high-burden regions, such as sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America, contributed only 7.6%. Genomic sequencing gained prominence, being cited in over 26.2% of publications from 2020 to 2024, reflecting a methodological shift accelerated by the application of wastewater-based epidemiology during the COVID-19 pandemic. In conclusion, while genomic tools and environmental monitoring are transforming enteric virus research, its progress is hampered by deep and persistent inequalities. These include a narrow focus on rotavirus and a significant disparity between regions with high disease burdens and those with high research outputs. Closing this gap requires targeted investments in equitable collaboration, local genomic capacity, and integrated public health interventions combining vaccination, WASH, and One Health strategies.},
}

Humans
Bibliometrics
Public Health
Global Health
*Gastroenteritis/virology/epidemiology
*Enterovirus Infections/epidemiology/transmission/virology
Enterovirus/pathogenicity

@article {pmid41011777,
year = {2025},
author = {Corbin, J and Cerles, A and Tebon, P and Haverkate, M and Campbell, S and Hurst, J and Woodul, R and Hunzeker, J and Schwartz-Watjen, K and Owens, A and Wu, A},
title = {A Flurry of Infectious Disease Modeling Tools During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Considerations for Future Selection.},
journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41011777},
issn = {2076-0817},
support = {prime contract HDTRA1-19-D-0007//Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA)/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Epidemiological Models ; *Communicable Diseases/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {Infectious disease modeling surged during the COVID-19 pandemic, with numerous epidemiological models developed to shape both research and public policy. The abundance of available models-developed with diverse characteristics and modeling objectives-gave users plenty of model selection options; however, little guidance was available for selecting an appropriate epidemiological model. In recognition of this need for guidance, this work describes the development of a decision framework for appropriate model selection. To serve as both an example and a starting point for model users, we walk through the creation and use of a decision framework to evaluate key considerations for selecting a forward-looking epidemiological model intended to inform policy. Our assessment includes 43 models and modeling platforms that have been or could be used to model infectious disease. The framework developed for this assessment focused on assessing each model's strengths and weaknesses in terms of flexibility and customization, the ability to implement pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical mitigations, and visualization capabilities. By providing a decision framework and demonstrating its use, we aim to support better decision-making and stronger trust between public health institutions and the constituents they serve.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Pandemics
SARS-CoV-2
*Epidemiological Models
*Communicable Diseases/epidemiology

@article {pmid41011521,
year = {2025},
author = {Georgakopoulou, VE and Dodos, K and Pitiriga, VC},
title = {Role of Lipidomics in Respiratory Tract Infections: A Systematic Review of Emerging Evidence.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {13},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41011521},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) remain a major cause of global morbidity and mortality, yet accurate pathogen identification and risk stratification continue to pose clinical challenges. Lipidomics-the comprehensive analysis of lipid species within biological systems-has emerged as a promising tool to unravel host-pathogen interactions and reveal novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. This systematic review synthesizes evidence from nine original studies applying mass spectrometry-based lipidomic profiling in human LRTIs, including community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Across diverse study designs, sample types, and analytical platforms, consistent alterations in lipid metabolism were observed. Perturbations in phospholipid classes, particularly phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs), were frequently associated with disease severity and immune activation. The ratios of PC to LPC and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) emerged as markers of inflammatory remodeling. Sphingolipids-including sphingomyelins (SMs) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-were identified as key modulators of monocyte and neutrophil activation. Fatty acid-derived lipid mediators such as oxylipins (e.g., 12,13-epoxyoctadecenoic acid and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid) and acylcarnitines reflected pathogen-specific immune responses and mitochondrial dysfunction. Several lipid-based classifiers demonstrated superior diagnostic and prognostic performance compared to conventional clinical scores, including the CURB-65 and pneumonia severity index. However, significant heterogeneity in experimental design, lipid identification workflows, and reporting standards limits inter-study comparability. While preliminary findings support the integration of lipidomics into infectious disease research, larger multi-omic and longitudinal studies are required. This review provides the first comprehensive synthesis of lipidomic alterations in human LRTIs and highlights their emerging translational relevance.},
}

@article {pmid41011507,
year = {2025},
author = {Maddaloni, L and Bugani, G and Fracella, M and Bitossi, C and D'Auria, A and Aloisi, F and Azri, A and Santinelli, L and Ben M'Hadheb, M and Pierangeli, A and Frasca, F and Scagnolari, C},
title = {Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) Expression and Activation in COVID-19 and Long COVID: From SARS-CoV-2 Escape Mechanisms to Emerging PRR-Targeted Immunotherapies.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {13},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41011507},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {RM124190A260C1F0//Sapienza University of Rome/ ; },
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which play a vital role in triggering innate immune responses such as the production of type I and III interferons (IFNs). While modest PRR activation helps to defend against SARS-CoV-2, excessive or sustained activation can cause harmful inflammation and contribute to severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Altered expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are among the most important members of the PRR family members, particularly TLRs 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 and 9, has been strongly linked to COVID-19 severity. Furthermore, retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), collectively known as RLRs (RIG-I-like receptors), act as sensors that detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The expression of these receptors, as well as that of different DNA sensors, varies in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Changes in PRR expression, particularly that of TLRs, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), and the stimulator of interferon genes (STING), have also been shown to play a role in the development and persistence of long COVID (LC). However, SARS-CoV-2 has evolved strategies to evade PRR recognition and subsequent signaling pathway activation, contributing to the IFN response dysregulation observed in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Nevertheless, PRR agonists and antagonists remain promising therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review aims to describe the PRRs involved in recognizing SARS-CoV-2, explore their expression during SARS-CoV-2 infection, and examine their role in determining the severity of both COVID-19 and long-term manifestations of the disease. It also describes the strategies developed by SARS-CoV-2 to evade PRR recognition and activation. Moreover, given the considerable interest in modulating PRR activity as a novel immunotherapy approach, this review will provide a description of PRR agonists and antagonists that have been investigated as antiviral strategies against SARS-CoV-2. This review aims to explore the complex interplay between PRRs and SARS-CoV-2 in depth, considering its implications for prognostic biomarkers, targeted therapeutic strategies and the mechanistic understanding of long LC. Additionally, it outlines future perspectives that could help to address knowledge gaps in PRR-mediated responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection.},
}

@article {pmid41011460,
year = {2025},
author = {Liakou, AI and Routsi, E and Plisioti, K and Tziona, E and Koumaki, D and Kalamata, M and Bompou, EK and Sokou, R and Ioannou, P and Bonovas, S and Samonis, G and Tsantes, AG and Stratigos, A},
title = {Autoimmune Skin Diseases in the Era of COVID-19: Pathophysiological Insights and Clinical Implications.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {13},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41011460},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted intricate associations between SARS-CoV-2 infection and autoimmune skin diseases (ASDs). This review examines the bidirectional relationship between COVID-19 and ASDs including hidradenitis suppurativa, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, autoimmune bullous diseases, cutaneous and systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, and lichen planus. Current evidence indicates that SARS-CoV-2 may precipitate or worsen ASDs via mechanisms such as molecular mimicry, dysregulated cytokine signaling, and enhanced Th1/Th17 immune responses, leading to loss of self-tolerance and autoantibody production. Epidemiological studies have identified increased incidence and flares of psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa, and other ASDs following both COVID-19 infection and vaccination, with mRNA vaccines associated with a higher risk of flare in hidradenitis suppurativa compared with non-mRNA vaccines. Notably, severe COVID-19 is associated with a greater risk of new-onset autoimmune disease, and patients with pre-existing inflammatory skin conditions may have increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection but experience less severe COVID-19 courses. These findings underscore the need for ongoing surveillance and mechanistic studies to clarify the immunopathogenic links between SARS-CoV-2 and ASDs and inform management strategies for affected patients in the context of both infection and vaccination.},
}

@article {pmid41011440,
year = {2025},
author = {Lin, R and Porto, BN},
title = {Pyroptosis in Respiratory Virus Infections: A Narrative Review of Mechanisms, Pathophysiology, and Potential Therapeutic Interventions.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {13},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41011440},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {324636//University of Manitoba/ ; },
abstract = {Pyroptosis is a mode of inflammatory cell death, characterized by cell membrane rupture and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Pyroptosis is a critical part of the innate immune response and acts as a defense mechanism against different types of pathogens, including viruses. Several respiratory viruses, including influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus, and SARS-CoV-2, have been shown to trigger pyroptosis through distinct mechanisms. While pyroptosis is beneficial to the host by controlling virus replication and eliminating infected cells, the exaggerated induction of pyroptosis can be harmful and cause significant tissue damage, such as that to the lung tissue during infection with respiratory viruses. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms and the role pyroptosis plays during respiratory virus infections could lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches to reduce the morbidity caused by these infections. In this review, we discuss the recent knowledge obtained on the pathophysiological role of pyroptosis during different respiratory viral infections as well as some experimental approaches to regulating its detrimental effects to the host.},
}

@article {pmid41011341,
year = {2025},
author = {Wu, L and Tao, Y and Wu, X and Li, S and Yang, R and Li, C and Yao, Y and Xu, S and Shu, J and He, Y and Feng, H},
title = {Current Advances and Applications of Animal Models in SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis and Vaccine Development.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {13},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41011341},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {LQ22C180003; 32302904; 32172893//by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. LQ22C180003, and by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 32302904 (For L.W.) and 32172893 (For H.F.),/ ; },
abstract = {COVID-19 is the most widespread emerging infectious disease in humans, recently caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Understanding the pathogenesis and development of efficient vaccines is crucial for the prevention and control of this emerging disease. SARS-CoV-2 viruses have widespread hosts, including humans, domesticated/companion animals (cats, dogs), specific farmed animals (minks), specific wildlife (white-tailed deer), and laboratory animal models. Bats are considered the original reservoir, and pangolins may be important intermediate hosts. Suitable animal models play an important role in studying the pathogenicity and evaluation of vaccines and antiviral drugs during the preclinical stage. In this review, we summarized the animal models and potential animal models for the research of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, vaccine and antiviral drugs development, including transgenic mice, cats, hamsters, nonhuman primates, ferrets, and so on. Our summary provides the important information to select the animals used for a specific purpose and facilitates the development of novel vaccines and antivirals to prevent and control COVID-19.},
}

@article {pmid41011200,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, X and Fu, Y and Yu, T and Song, R and Nie, H and Ding, Y},
title = {Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Antiviral Properties of Luteolin Against SARS-CoV-2: Based on Network Pharmacology.},
journal = {Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {18},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41011200},
issn = {1424-8247},
support = {82170093//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2023JH2/20200072//Liaoning Province Science and Technology Plan Project/ ; },
abstract = {Luteolin is a natural flavonoid compound with multifaceted pharmacological properties, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anti-tumor activities. Network pharmacology analysis has been utilized to decipher the underlying mechanisms and multitargets of luteolin against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This review aims to provide a systematic and comprehensive summary of luteolin, as a potential novel remedy with anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) activity, as well as its anti-oxidant mechanisms. We systematically delineate the epidemiological profile, genomic architecture, and replicative dynamics of SARS-CoV-2, thereby constructing a multiscale framework to decode its pathogenic mechanisms. Employing a multi-level network pharmacology analytical strategy, we identify 46 core targets through protein interaction network construction, followed by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis. Molecular investigations reveal luteolin's dual antiviral mechanisms, including direct targeting of SARS-CoV-2 proteins and host-directed intervention through suppression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor engagement/transmembrane protease serine 2-mediated viral priming. The polypharmacological profile of luteolin demonstrates synergistic effects in blocking viral entry, replication, and host inflammatory cascades. This phytochemical repurposing study of luteolin provides a novel mechanistic paradigm for developing multitarget antiviral agents, highlighting the translational value of natural compounds in combating emerging viral variants.},
}

@article {pmid41011141,
year = {2025},
author = {Niazi, SK},
title = {Artificial Intelligence in Small-Molecule Drug Discovery: A Critical Review of Methods, Applications, and Real-World Outcomes.},
journal = {Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {18},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41011141},
issn = {1424-8247},
abstract = {Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a valuable complementary tool in small-molecule drug discovery, augmenting traditional methodologies rather than replacing them. This review examines the evolution of AI from early rule-based systems to advanced deep learning, generative models, diffusion models, and autonomous agentic AI systems, highlighting their applications in target identification, hit discovery, lead optimization, and safety prediction. We present both successes and failures to provide a balanced perspective. Notable achievements include baricitinib (BenevolentAI/Eli Lilly, an existing drug repurposed through AI-assisted analysis for COVID-19 and rheumatoid arthritis), halicin (MIT, preclinical antibiotic), DSP-1181 (Exscientia, discontinued after Phase I), and ISM001-055/rentosertib (Insilico Medicine, positive Phase IIa results). However, several AI-assisted compounds have also faced challenges in clinical development. DSP-1181 was discontinued after Phase I, despite a favorable safety profile, highlighting that the acceleration of discovery timelines by AI does not guarantee clinical success. Despite progress, challenges such as data quality, model interpretability, regulatory hurdles, and ethical concerns persist. We provide practical insights for integrating AI into drug discovery workflows, emphasizing hybrid human-AI approaches and the emergence of agentic AI systems that can autonomously navigate discovery pipelines. A critical evaluation of current limitations and future opportunities reveals that while AI offers significant potential as a complementary technology, realistic expectations and careful implementation are crucial for delivering innovative therapeutics.},
}

@article {pmid41010904,
year = {2025},
author = {Szamosfalvi, M and Pino, CJ and Humes, HD},
title = {Selective Cytopheretic Device Therapy in the Context of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.},
journal = {Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)},
volume = {61},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41010904},
issn = {1648-9144},
mesh = {Humans ; *Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/instrumentation/methods/adverse effects ; *COVID-19/therapy ; *Inflammation/therapy/etiology/prevention & control ; Acute Kidney Injury/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {This review examines the clinical data and basic science research to evaluate the potential of the Selective Cytopheretic Device (SCD) in mitigating Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)-associated inflammation. In brief, SCD is an immunomodulatory device used within extracorporeal blood circuits along with the use of citrate anticoagulation. SCD has been shown to be a novel, first-in-its-class device (being marketed as QUELimmune by SeaStar Medical), which is capable of the autologous processing of hyper-inflamed leukocytes to reduce systemic inflammation. Strong preclinical data gathered for SCD in the context of both Cardio-Pulmonary Bypass (CPB) as well as ECMO set the stage for SCD to be used in these life support circuits. ECMO played a crucial role during the COVID-19 pandemic, during a time period when SCD therapy was being evaluated in clinical trials, generating initial clinical data in this setting. SCD has also been utilized in the setting of pediatric acute kidney injury (AKI) and multiorgan dysfunction (MOD), where ECMO can be common.},
}

Humans
*Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/instrumentation/methods/adverse effects
*COVID-19/therapy
*Inflammation/therapy/etiology/prevention & control
Acute Kidney Injury/therapy
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid41010858,
year = {2025},
author = {Voinea, C and Mocanu, E and Opariuc-Dan, C and Dantes, E and Gache, AC and Rugina, S},
title = {Global Lessons from COVID-19: Regional Variations in the Management of Hospital-Acquired Infections During and Post-Pandemic.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {18},
pages = {},
pmid = {41010858},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Background/Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted healthcare systems worldwide, exposing longstanding weaknesses, particularly in the prevention and control of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Regional disparities in infection prevention and control (IPC) strategies offered valuable lessons for improving public health preparedness. This systematic review aims to identify and compare regional IPC approaches adopted during and after the pandemic, highlighting best practices to strengthen healthcare resilience. Methods: The review was conducted in line with PRISMA guidelines and registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD420251032525). Articles published between 1 January 2020 and 31 March 2025, were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Only full-text studies in English were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. Results: Of the 63 articles initially identified, 8 met the inclusion criteria. The selected studies demonstrated substantial variability in the implementation of IPC. The availability of infrastructure, funding, coordination capacity, and training of medical staff had a significant impact on outcomes. In regions with well-defined protocols and a solid infrastructure, there was a significant decrease in HAIs, while in resource-poor areas, there was a significant increase. Effective measures included continuous monitoring, regular staff training, provision of adequate equipment, expansion of testing capacity, reorganisation of hospitals, and introduction of technological innovations in healthcare. Conclusions: COVID-19 emphasised the importance of adaptable IPC frameworks. Strengthening health systems requires context-specific standards, sustained investment in infrastructure, continuous training, and increased international cooperation to better prepare for future health emergencies.},
}

@article {pmid41010778,
year = {2025},
author = {Asseri, AA and Aldukain, M and Aldukain, A and Alzuhairi, A},
title = {Olfactory Training for Post-COVID-19 Olfactory Dysfunction: A Meta-Analysis of Efficacy and Combination Therapies.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {18},
pages = {},
pmid = {41010778},
issn = {2077-0383},
support = {RGP2/488/46//Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University/ ; },
abstract = {Background/Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of olfactory training (OT) using standardized protocols in patients with post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction. The objective was to assess whether OT, compared to no treatment, placebo, or alternative therapies, improved olfactory function as measured using validated smell tests, including UPSIT, Sniffin' Sticks (TDI score), CCCRC, and B-SIT. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Ovid Medline was conducted through February 2025 in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) met the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted on study characteristics (author, year, country, design, sample size), population details (age, sex, post-COVID-19 cause), intervention type (training method, frequency, duration), comparators, outcome measures (baseline and post-intervention olfactory scores), follow-up duration, and reported adverse effects. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan and Open Meta-Analyst. Results: Olfactory training significantly improved the olfactory scores compared to those of the controls. The greatest improvement was observed when OT was combined with PEA-luteolin (MD = 4.62, 95% CI: 2.17-7.06, p = 0.0002), followed by EDTA (MD = 2.33, 95% CI: 0.58-4.08, p = 0.009). Corticosteroids showed a borderline benefit (MD = 1.34, 95% CI: 0.01-2.67, p = 0.05), while alpha-lipoic acid had no significant effect. Combination therapies were associated with higher recovery rates (RR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.13-2.42, p = 0.01). Conclusions: Olfactory training is an effective treatment for post-COVID-19 smell dysfunction. When paired with specific adjunct therapies, particularly PEA-luteolin, it may yield superior recovery outcomes. Further large-scale, standardized RCTs are needed to define optimal treatment protocols.},
}

@article {pmid41010747,
year = {2025},
author = {Turcato, G and Zaboli, A and Cipriano, A and Montagnani, A and Vannucchi, V and Pieralli, F and Belfiore, A and Valbusa, F and Marchetti, M and Ferretto, P and Filippi, L and Voza, A and Ghiadoni, L and Ageno, W and Wiedermann, CJ},
title = {Intermediate Care Units in Europe and Italy: A Review of Structure, Outcomes, and Policy Implications for Internal Medicine.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {18},
pages = {},
pmid = {41010747},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Intermediate Care Units (IMCUs) provide a level of care between general wards and Intensive Care Units (ICUs). While widely implemented across Europe, their use in the Italian internal medicine remains limited. To review the clinical effectiveness, organizational benefits, and policy relevance of IMCUs in Europe and assess opportunities and barriers to their implementation in the Italian hospital system. Methods: A narrative review of international and Italian literature from the origin of intermediate care models in 2025, with emphasis on patient outcomes, ICU utilization, cost-effectiveness, and governance models for IMCUs. Results: European studies consistently show that IMCUs improve patient flow, reduce ICU burden, and may reduce mortality among selected high-acuity patients. In Italy, respiratory and cardiac IMCUs have demonstrated similar benefits. However, general internal medicine IMCUs remain underdeveloped. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed structural gaps in the capacity for intermediate care. Recent legislative efforts (e.g., Decree-Law 34/2020) have aimed to expand sub-intensive care, but implementation is still heterogeneous. Conclusions: IMCUs are a cost-effective and clinically valuable strategy for managing non-ICU high-acuity patients. Structured integration of IMCUs into internal medicine in Italy could improve care quality and system efficiency. Clear triage protocols, adequate staffing, and strong organizational leadership are essential for success.},
}

@article {pmid41009895,
year = {2025},
author = {Sakagianni, A and Koufopoulou, C and Koufopoulos, P and Feretzakis, G and Koumaki, V},
title = {The Impact of COVID-19 on the Epidemiology of Carbapenem Resistance.},
journal = {Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41009895},
issn = {2079-6382},
abstract = {Background: The global COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted healthcare systems, inadvertently influencing the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Among the most critical AMR threats are carbapenem-resistant organisms (CROs), which include carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This review explores the pandemic's impact on carbapenem resistance patterns worldwide. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on carbapenem resistance trends, identify key drivers, and discuss implications for clinical practice and public health policy. Methods: A comprehensive review of peer-reviewed literature, national surveillance reports, and WHO/ECDC data from 2019 to 2025 was conducted, with emphasis on hospital-acquired infections, antimicrobial use, and infection control practices during the pandemic. Results: The pandemic has led to increased use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, including carbapenems, often in the absence of confirmed bacterial co-infections. Overwhelmed healthcare systems and disruptions in infection prevention and control (IPC) measures have facilitated the spread of carbapenem-resistant organisms, particularly in intensive care settings. Surveillance data from multiple countries show a measurable increase in CRO prevalence during the pandemic period, with regional variations depending on healthcare capacity and stewardship infrastructure. Conclusions: COVID-19 has accelerated the emergence and dissemination of carbapenem resistance, underscoring the need for resilient antimicrobial stewardship and IPC programs even during public health emergencies. Integrating pandemic preparedness with AMR mitigation strategies is critical for preventing further escalation of resistance.},
}

@article {pmid41009829,
year = {2025},
author = {Filev, R and Bogov, B and Lyubomirova, M and Rostaing, L},
title = {From Pandemic to Resistance: Addressing Multidrug-Resistant Urinary Tract Infections in the Balkans.},
journal = {Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41009829},
issn = {2079-6382},
abstract = {Background/Objectives: The rise in urinary tract infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria presents a serious public health challenge across the Balkans, a region already burdened by aging populations, healthcare resource limitations, and fragmented antimicrobial surveillance systems. Methods: This review explores the epidemiology, risk factors, and consequences of MDR UTIs, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which significantly accelerated antimicrobial resistance (AMR) due to widespread, inappropriate antibiotic use. Results: The paper discusses region-specific data on resistance trends, highlights the gaps in diagnostic infrastructure, and evaluates emerging clinical strategies including antimicrobial stewardship (AMS), rapid diagnostic technologies, novel antibiotics, and non-antibiotic alternatives such as bacteriophage therapy and vaccines. Conclusions: Policy recommendations are provided to strengthen surveillance, promote evidence-based treatment, and ensure equitable access to diagnostic and therapeutic tools. A multidimensional and regionally coordinated response is essential to curb the MDR UTI burden and safeguard public health across the Balkans.},
}

@article {pmid41009608,
year = {2025},
author = {Mantle, D and Domingo, JC and Golomb, BA and Castro-Marrero, J},
title = {Gulf War Illness, Fibromyalgia, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Long COVID Overlap in Common Symptoms and Underlying Biological Mechanisms: Implications for Future Therapeutic Strategies.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {18},
pages = {},
pmid = {41009608},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Humans ; *Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/therapy/metabolism/pathology/drug therapy ; *Persian Gulf Syndrome/therapy/pathology/metabolism ; Ubiquinone/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use ; *Fibromyalgia/therapy/metabolism/pathology/drug therapy ; *COVID-19/complications/metabolism/therapy ; Oxidative Stress ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Although Gulf War Illness (GWI), fibromyalgia (FM), myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and long COVID have distinct origins, in this article we have reviewed evidence that these disorders comprise a group of so-called low-energy associated disorders with overlapping common symptoms underlying pathology. In particular, evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, immune dysregulation, neuroendocrine dysfunction, disrupted brain-gut-microbiome axis, apoptosis/ferroptosis and telomere shortening as common features in the pathogenesis of these disorders has been identified. Given the role of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in promoting normal mitochondrial function, as an antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antiapoptotic and antiferroptotic agent, there is a rationale for supplementary CoQ10 in the management of these disorders. The reported benefits of supplementary CoQ10 administration in GWI, FM, ME/CFS and long COVID have been reviewed; the potential benefit of supplementary CoQ10 in reducing telomere shortening and improving the efficiency of stem cell transfer relevant has also been identified as promising therapeutic strategies in these disorders. This review advances beyond previous systematic reviews and consensus statements on overlapping similar symptoms and underlying biological pathomechanisms in these complex disorders.},
}

Humans
*Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/therapy/metabolism/pathology/drug therapy
*Persian Gulf Syndrome/therapy/pathology/metabolism
Ubiquinone/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use
*Fibromyalgia/therapy/metabolism/pathology/drug therapy
*COVID-19/complications/metabolism/therapy
Oxidative Stress
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid41009326,
year = {2025},
author = {Muñoz-Carrillo, JL and Gutiérrez-Coronado, O and Villalobos-Gutiérrez, PT and Villacis-Valencia, MS and Chávez-Ruvalcaba, F and Vázquez-Alcaraz, SJ and Rivera-Lozada, O and Barboza, JJ},
title = {Current Landscape of the Interrelationship Between Periodontitis, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and COVID-19.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {18},
pages = {},
pmid = {41009326},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Humans ; *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/metabolism ; *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology/metabolism ; *Periodontitis/complications/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Inflammation ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The inflammatory response plays a central role in the pathophysiology of various chronic diseases such as periodontitis, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), whose coexistence is associated with an increase in clinical complications and a more severe and serious course of these diseases. Current evidence on the interrelationship between periodontitis, T2DM, and COVID-19 remains insufficient, highlighting the need for further research to elucidate these associations. The main aim of this narrative review is to provide the current landscape of the most relevant aspects of the interrelationship between periodontitis, T2DM, and COVID-19. This narrative review was carried out through a specialized, exhaustive, and structured search of published studies indexed in the electronic databases PubMed and LILACS, for the inclusion of studies in English and Spanish, respectively, without date restriction. A search strategy was performed using the Boolean operators AND, OR, and NOT, with the following DeCS/MeSH terms: "periodontal disease", "periodontitis", "type 2 diabetes mellitus", "SARS-CoV-2", and "COVID-19". A variety of articles were included, focusing on the most relevant aspects of the interrelationship between periodontitis, T2DM, and COVID-19. Findings suggest that inflammation is a unifying mechanism, which leads to the severity of these conditions through four shared axes: (1) a clinicopathological axis involving systemic manifestations; (2) an axis associated with metabolic alterations linked to glycemic dysregulation; (3) an axis related to enzyme overexpression linked to altered angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-2 expression and glucose metabolism; and (4) an inflammatory axis. These synergistic interactions can cause these three diseases to mutually enhance each other, creating a vicious cycle, worsening the patient's health.},
}

Humans
*Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/metabolism
*COVID-19/complications/epidemiology/metabolism
*Periodontitis/complications/metabolism
SARS-CoV-2
Inflammation
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism

@article {pmid41009245,
year = {2025},
author = {Agyapong-Opoku, F and Agyapong-Opoku, N and Agyapong, B and Greenshaw, A},
title = {Suicidal Behaviors Among Medical Students: A Scoping Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.},
journal = {Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41009245},
issn = {2076-328X},
support = {N/A//Alberta Innovates/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Suicidal ideation and attempts are major public health concerns among young adults, particularly those in demanding academic settings. Medical students exhibit disproportionately high rates compared to peers in the general population and other fields of study, highlighting the urgent need to understand and address mental health challenges in medical education.

OBJECTIVE: This scoping review summarizes evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the prevalence and risk factors of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among medical students worldwide.

METHODS: Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, six databases were searched for peer-reviewed reviews published in the last ten years. Studies focused exclusively on medical students and reporting prevalence or risk factors of suicidal ideation or attempts were included. Data were charted on prevalence, risk factors, study characteristics, and recommendations.

RESULTS: Twelve reviews comprising 378,081 medical students were included. Lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation ranged from 2.9% to 53.6% among the systematic reviews, with pooled estimates from meta-analyses ranging from 11% and 25%. Attempted suicide pooled prevalences ranged from 1.64% to 8%. Depression was frequently reported as the most significant risk factor for both suicidal ideation and attempts. Other significant risk factors for suicidal ideation included anxiety, burnout, female gender, financial strain, and academic stress. Suicidal ideation was higher during the COVID-19 pandemic and among clinical-phase students. Gender differences in suicide attempts were inconsistent. Medical students' rates of suicidal behavior exceeded those of other university students.

CONCLUSION: Suicidal behavior remains a critical mental health issue for medical students globally. Despite known risk factors, targeted interventions are limited. Future research should emphasize longitudinal studies, post-pandemic effects, regional gaps, and intervention development. Implications are discussed.},
}

@article {pmid41009217,
year = {2025},
author = {Glozah, FN and Tia, RS},
title = {Preparing for the Next Pandemic: Lessons from COVID-19's Impact on Child and Adolescent Health Inequities in Ghana.},
journal = {Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41009217},
issn = {2076-328X},
abstract = {The pandemic spared most children and adolescents in Ghana from severe clinical disease, but it exposed long-standing gaps in services and protection methods. Methods: We conducted a desk-based narrative review of peer-reviewed studies, national and international reports, and grey literature from January 2020 to May 2025. The evidence was organised across eight domains of child and adolescent well-being. Across mental health, gambling and other risky behaviours, access to health services, economic hardship and child labour, nutrition, education, early childhood development, and WASH, the pandemic disrupted essential services and social safety nets. Examples include declines in routine care and immunisation, wider digital exclusion during remote learning, a rise in child labour linked to income loss, and persistent hygiene constraints. Preparedness in Ghana should focus on mental health, digital inclusion, early childhood services, and strong social protection. Ghana's specific empirical data are uneven, so we triangulate peer-reviewed evidence with official reports, appraised the grey literature, and calibrated claims to the strength of sources.},
}

@article {pmid41008646,
year = {2025},
author = {Lee, E and Ozigbo, AA and Varon, J and Halma, M and Laezzo, M and Ang, SP and Iglesias, J},
title = {Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species: A Unifying Mechanism in Long COVID and Spike Protein-Associated Injury: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Biomolecules},
volume = {15},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41008646},
issn = {2218-273X},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/metabolism/complications/pathology ; *Mitochondria/metabolism/pathology ; *Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2/metabolism ; *Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Oxidative Stress ; },
abstract = {Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (long COVID) present with persistent fatigue, cognitive impairment, and autonomic and multisystem dysfunctions that often go unnoticed by standard diagnostic tests. Increasing evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are central drivers of these post-viral sequelae. Viral infections, particularly SARS-CoV-2, disrupt mitochondrial bioenergetics by altering membrane integrity, increasing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), and impairing mitophagy, leading to sustained immune activation and metabolic imbalance. This review synthesizes an understanding of how mitochondrial redox signaling and impaired clearance of damaged mitochondria contribute to chronic inflammation and multisystem organ symptoms in both long COVID and post-vaccine injury. We discuss translational biomarkers and non-invasive techniques, exploring therapeutic strategies that include pharmacological, non-pharmacological, and nutritional approaches, as well as imaging modalities aimed at assessing and restoring mitochondrial health. Recognizing long COVID as a mitochondrial disorder that stems from redox imbalance will open new options for personalized treatment and management guided by biomarkers. Future clinical trials are essential to validate these approaches and translate mitochondrial resuscitation into effective care for patients suffering from long COVID and related post-viral syndromes.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/metabolism/complications/pathology
*Mitochondria/metabolism/pathology
*Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
SARS-CoV-2/metabolism
*Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
Oxidative Stress

@article {pmid41007801,
year = {2025},
author = {Sáez-Leyva, J and Lennol, MP and Avilés-Granados, C and García-Ayllón, MS and Sáez-Valero, J},
title = {Risk for COVID-19 Vulnerability in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Assessing Alterations in ACE2 and TMPRSS2.},
journal = {Biomedicines},
volume = {13},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41007801},
issn = {2227-9059},
support = {PI22/01329//Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias/ ; AICO/2021/308//Direcció General de Ciència i Investigació, Generalitat Valenciana/ ; CEX2021-001165-S//Severo Ochoa" Program for Centers of Excellence in R&D/ ; },
abstract = {Chronic inflammatory conditions often involve the dysregulation of key enzymes, including serine proteases such as transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which are key proteins implicated in the cellular entry mechanism of SARS-CoV-2. It remains uncertain whether the gastrointestinal symptoms observed in COVID-19 patients result from direct viral infection of the gastrointestinal tract, a process that may be exacerbated by altered expression of ACE2 or TMPRSS2. In this review, we explore the interplay among ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the context of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including their roles in disease pathology and response to therapy. We also examine methodological approaches for assessing whether protease alterations contribute to increased susceptibility to infection, considering that TMPRSS2 exists in inactive (zymogen) and active forms. Furthermore, while membrane-bound ACE2 facilitates viral entry, soluble ACE2 fragments may act as decoys, preventing virus-receptor interaction. Therefore, the interpretation of changes in full-length versus cleaved forms of ACE2 and related enzymes is critical for understanding vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection.},
}

@article {pmid41007602,
year = {2025},
author = {Zayed, DK and Al-Smadi, RA and Almaayteh, M and Al-Hjouj, T and Hamdan, O and Ghalyoun, AA and Alsaleh, O and Abu Touk, T and Almaseidin, SN and Madi, T and Hassan, SK and Horabi, M and Belbiesi, A and Mukattash, TL and Al-Tammemi, AB},
title = {Strengthening Jordan's Laboratory Capacity for Communicable Diseases: A Comprehensive Multi-Method Mapping Toward Harmonized National Laboratories and Evidence-Informed Public Health Planning.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {22},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41007602},
issn = {1660-4601},
mesh = {Jordan ; *Laboratories/standards/organization & administration ; Humans ; *Communicable Diseases/diagnosis/epidemiology ; *Public Health ; Capacity Building ; *Health Planning ; },
abstract = {Infectious diseases remain a global threat, with low- and middle-income countries disproportionately affected due to socio-economic and demographic vulnerabilities. Robust laboratory systems are critical for early detection, outbreak containment, and guiding effective interventions. This study aimed to map and evaluate Jordan's laboratory diagnostic network for communicable diseases, identify gaps, and recommend strategies to strengthen capacity, harmonization, and alignment with international standards. A multi-method approach was employed in 2023 through collaboration between the Jordan Center for Disease Control and the Health Care Accreditation Council. Data were collected via (i) a desktop review of 226 national and international documents; (ii) 20 key informant interviews with stakeholders from the public, private, military, veterinary, and academic sectors; and (iii) 23 field visits across 27 laboratories in four Jordanian governorates. Data were analyzed thematically and synthesized using the LABNET framework, which outlined ten core laboratory capacities. Findings were validated through a multi-sectoral national workshop with 90 participants. The mapping revealed the absence of a unified national laboratory strategic plan, with governance dispersed across multiple authorities and limited inter-sectoral coordination. Standard operating protocols (SOPs) existed for high-priority diseases such as T.B, HIV, influenza, and COVID-19 but were lacking or outdated for other notifiable diseases, particularly zoonoses. Quality management was inconsistent, with limited participation in external quality assurance programs and minimal accreditation uptake. Biosafety and biosecurity frameworks were fragmented and insufficiently enforced, while workforce shortages, high turnover, and limited specialized training constrained laboratory performance. Despite these challenges, Jordan demonstrated strengths including skilled laboratory staff, established reference centers, and international collaborations, which provide a platform for improvement. Jordan's laboratory network has foundational strengths but faces systemic challenges in policy coherence, standardization, quality assurance, and workforce capacity. Addressing these gaps requires the development of a national laboratory strategic plan, strengthened legal and regulatory frameworks, enhanced quality management and accreditation, and integrated One Health coordination across human, animal, and environmental health sectors. These measures will improve diagnostic reliability, preparedness, and alignment with the global health security agenda.},
}

Jordan
*Laboratories/standards/organization & administration
Humans
*Communicable Diseases/diagnosis/epidemiology
*Public Health
Capacity Building
*Health Planning

@article {pmid41007561,
year = {2025},
author = {Muñoz-Nieves, C and Greaves, L and Huber, E and Brabete, AC and Wolfson, L and Poole, N},
title = {Sex and Gender Influences on the Impacts of Disasters: A Rapid Review of Evidence.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {22},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41007561},
issn = {1660-4601},
support = {520671/CAPMC/CIHR/Canada ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Disasters ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Female ; Sex Factors ; Male ; SARS-CoV-2 ; New Zealand ; Australia ; },
abstract = {Both sex-related factors and gender-related factors affect the immediate and long term mental and physical health impacts of disasters, including those resulting from public health emergencies, climate-related events, and naturally occurring phenomena. These include sex-specific biological, physiological and genetic processes, mechanisms underlying reproduction, disease outcomes, and stress, immune, and trauma responses. Gendered factors such as roles, relations, identity, and institutional policies that have an impact on caregiving, occupation, gender-based violence, and access to healthcare, also influence the impacts of disasters and emergencies. Sex/gender factors interact with a range of social determinants to affect the equitability of impacts. A rapid review was conducted to examine evidence from Australia, Canada, countries from the European Union, New Zealand, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States of America (USA) on the influence of sex- and gender-related factors in the context of disasters, such as COVID-19, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, and wildfires. This article describes and categorizes this evidence with attention to real-world impacts of the interactions between sex, gender, and other equity related factors. Broad considerations for improving research and practices to support more sex and gender research in this area and ultimately, to improve emergency and disaster management, are discussed.},
}

Humans
*Disasters
COVID-19/epidemiology
Female
Sex Factors
Male
SARS-CoV-2
New Zealand
Australia

@article {pmid41007506,
year = {2025},
author = {Kachroo, P and Boivin, G and Cowling, BJ and Shannon, W and Mallefet, P and Kalita, P and Georgescu, AM},
title = {Long COVID Symptom Management Through Self-Care and Nonprescription Treatment Options: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {22},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41007506},
issn = {1660-4601},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/therapy/complications ; *Self Care ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Many patients experience unique or persistent symptoms several months following the onset of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the causative agent of COVID-19. While this condition is commonly referred to as long COVID, no universally accepted definition exists; therefore, many patients go underrecognized and underreported. Long COVID can involve almost any major organ system and is characterized by widely heterogeneous persistent or recurrent symptoms including fatigue, headache, cough, dyspnea, chest pain, cognitive dysfunction, anxiety, and depression. In line with the wide array of symptoms, numerous potential underlying pathophysiologic pathways, including viral persistence, prolonged inflammation, autoimmune reactions, endothelial dysfunction, and dysbiosis of the microbiome of the gut, may contribute to the symptomology of long COVID. Therapy is directed at symptomatic control; however, no pharmacologic treatments are specifically approved for the management of symptoms associated with long COVID. Several common symptoms of long COVID may be managed with nonprescription treatments (pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic). The goal of this review is to provide clinicians with a better understanding of long COVID and review the latest recommendations for managing common mild-to-moderate symptoms with nonprescription treatment options.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/therapy/complications
*Self Care
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid41007425,
year = {2025},
author = {Carista, A and Gratie, MI and Cappello, F and Burgio, S},
title = {HSP60 and SARS-CoV-2: Les Liaisons Dangereuses.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {14},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41007425},
issn = {2079-7737},
abstract = {Heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) plays a crucial role in cellular homeostasis and stress responses. Recent evidence highlights its involvement in COVID-19 pathophysiology, particularly in immune modulation, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Extracellular Hsp60 can interact with Toll-like receptors, amplifying inflammatory responses and contributing to cytokine storm and tissue damage. Additionally, since the presence of several common epitopes with SARS-CoV-2 proteins, its role in molecular mimicry suggests a potential link also to post-infectious autoimmune disorders. Hsp60 has also been implicated in endothelial damage and thromboembolic complications observed in severe COVID-19 cases. Beyond its pathogenic roles, Hsp60 could emerge as a potential biomarker for disease severity as well as a target for therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating immune responses. Finally, the structural similarity with SARS-CoV-2 proteins raises important considerations regarding both vaccine safety and the unexpected potential for anti-tumor immunity. This review critically examines the multifaceted roles of Hsp60 in COVID-19, specifically from a morpho-functional point of view, highlighting its implications in disease progression, post-viral complications, and therapeutic opportunities.},
}

@article {pmid41006970,
year = {2025},
author = {Matsubara, D and Kotani, K and Osaka, H},
title = {School Refusal Behavior in Japan: The Impact of COVID-19 on Children.},
journal = {Children (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {12},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41006970},
issn = {2227-9067},
abstract = {School refusal behavior, defined as a child's prolonged voluntary absence from school for reasons unrelated to illness and/or economic hardship, is a growing concern in Japan. The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened this issue by disrupting children's lives. This review summarizes the prevalence, contributing factors, and health implications of school refusal, particularly in the context of COVID-19. A literature review of government reports and PubMed-indexed studies indicates that school refusal in Japan has been rising for eleven years, reaching a record 340,000 cases in 2023. Middle school students (6.7%) were the most affected, followed by elementary school students (2.1%). The pandemic intensified school-related, family-related, and child-related risk factors. School closures disrupted routines, reduced peer interactions, and increased social isolation, contributing to higher rates of anxiety and depression. Reports of suicides and mental health disorders among children have also surged. Family stressors, including economic hardship and parental mental health struggles, further exacerbate school refusal. Additionally, remote learning has widened socioeconomic disparities in access to education, leaving vulnerable children at greater risk. Addressing school refusal requires a multifaceted approach involving schools, families, healthcare providers, and policymakers. School-based interventions, mental health approach, and flexible educational programs would be essential. The Japanese government's "COCOLO Plan" represents progress toward a more inclusive education system, and a comprehensive, interdisciplinary strategy is needed. Ensuring all children receive the necessary support to reengage with education is critical to overcoming the long-term challenges posed by school refusal.},
}

@article {pmid41005811,
year = {2025},
author = {Rahman-Shepherd, A and Cutter, J and Hinjoy, S and Ho, ZJM and Huimin, JC and Miranda, I and Moideen, MA and Pang, T and Razavi, A and Rollet, V and Hsu, LY},
title = {ASEAN and the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review on the role and response of a regional organisation in a global health emergency.},
journal = {BMJ global health},
volume = {10},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bmjgh-2024-018342},
pmid = {41005811},
issn = {2059-7908},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; *Global Health ; Asia, Southeastern/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Pandemics ; Emergencies ; },
abstract = {The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is a state-based membership organisation that facilitates cooperation in Southeast Asia. Over the past two decades, ASEAN has strengthened its cooperation efforts in health, particularly in managing infectious diseases. This scoping review explores the role and response of ASEAN in the COVID-19 pandemic, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. We searched five databases using terminology related to 'ASEAN', 'COVID-19' and 'health emergencies', and extracted data on the role of ASEAN, its response efforts, critiques of either its role or response efforts, and any recommendations. We conducted a thematic synthesis of the evidence. From 17 studies, we characterised a normative, functional and diplomatic role that ASEAN played in managing the pandemic, and identified a total of 46 discrete mechanisms that ASEAN leveraged during. We synthesised both positive and negative critique of ASEAN's role and response efforts, and identified six themes of recommendations for ASEAN moving forward. Our review reveals the need for further research to understand where Member States' interests in managing health emergencies converge; and to define and measure the effectiveness of regional organisations to better establish their role and responsibilities.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control
*Global Health
Asia, Southeastern/epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2
*Pandemics
Emergencies

@article {pmid41005678,
year = {2025},
author = {Corrêa, EM and da Silva Mendonça, S and Rocha, RSB and da Costa Cunha, K and Falcão, LFM and Normando, VMF},
title = {The effects of inspiratory muscle training on exercise tolerance in patients with post-covid-19 syndrome: a systematic review.},
journal = {Respiratory medicine},
volume = {248},
number = {},
pages = {108375},
doi = {10.1016/j.rmed.2025.108375},
pmid = {41005678},
issn = {1532-3064},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT), either performed in isolation or combined with aerobic and resistance exercises, on exercise tolerance and respiratory function in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome.

METHODS: The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines and registered in PROSPERO. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in peer-reviewed journals investigating IMT in adults with post-COVID-19 syndrome were included. A comprehensive search was carried out in international electronic databases. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment (RoB 2.0) were performed independently by two reviewers.

RESULTS: Six randomized controlled trials encompassing a total of 451 participants were included. The overall quality of evidence was considered moderate, mainly due to small sample sizes and heterogeneous protocols. Compared with control groups, IMT demonstrated significant improvements in inspiratory muscle strength, diaphragmatic thickness, and distance covered in the 6-min walk test (6MWT). However, no consistent differences were observed in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) or autonomic modulation.

CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that IMT may enhance exercise tolerance and respiratory parameters in post-COVID-19 patients. Nevertheless, the available evidence remains limited and heterogeneous, underscoring the need for multicenter RCTs with standardized protocols and long-term follow-up to establish definitive clinical recommendations.},
}

@article {pmid41004951,
year = {2025},
author = {Asai, K},
title = {Impact of physical activity on respiratory disease: Current status and therapeutic implications.},
journal = {Respiratory investigation},
volume = {63},
number = {6},
pages = {1187-1193},
doi = {10.1016/j.resinv.2025.09.020},
pmid = {41004951},
issn = {2212-5353},
abstract = {Regular physical activity (PA) modulates key pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the onset, progression, and symptoms of major respiratory diseases. Notably, low daily PA and high sedentary time independently predict faster lung function decline, poorer quality of life, and premature mortality in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung disease (ILDs), and post-coronavirus disease lung sequelae. Conversely, structured exercise training-and the increasingly popular, lifestyle-integrated "move-more-sit-less" programs-improve dyspnea, exercise capacity, airway and systemic inflammation, and healthcare utilization. Large cohort analyses corroborate a clear dose-response relationship: attaining ≥7500 steps/day or ≥150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous activity yields the greatest clinical benefit, even in individuals with impaired pulmonary function. Mechanistic studies also revealed that exercise dampens type-2 airway inflammation in asthma, enhances the skeletal muscle oxidative phenotype in COPD, and counteracts ILD-related deconditioning. Recent randomized trials have shown that pulmonary rehabilitation can improve 5-year survival in fibrotic ILD, while telerehabilitation and gamified smartphone coaching can close access gaps without compromising efficacy. Additionally, major international guidelines such as the Global Initiative for Asthma 2024 and Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2025 now explicitly recognize PA as a "treatable trait." Nevertheless, PA uptake in routine care remains limited by behavioral, environmental, and policy barriers. Future work must refine personalized PA prescriptions, integrate wearable-derived metrics into decision-support algorithms, and test the synergistic effects with emerging biologics and anti-fibrotic agents. This review synthesizes contemporary evidence, highlights unanswered questions, and offers pragmatic recommendations for clinicians aiming to embed PA promotion in comprehensive respiratory care pathways.},
}

@article {pmid41004948,
year = {2025},
author = {Breznik, JA and Miller, MS and Bowdish, DME},
title = {Rationalizing recommendations for influenza and COVID-19 vaccines.},
journal = {Vaccine},
volume = {65},
number = {},
pages = {127775},
doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127775},
pmid = {41004948},
issn = {1873-2518},
abstract = {Influenza vaccination saves lives, reduces short-term and long-term health consequences, decreases healthcare utilization, and improves pregnancy outcomes and infant health. Consequently, many, although not all, high-income countries have influenza vaccination policies that recognize both the direct (prevention of infection) and indirect (e.g., reduction in transmission and absenteeism, exacerbations of other health conditions) benefits of vaccination. Vaccination policies for COVID-19 are less consistent, even though COVID-19 continues to cause more infections than influenza. Indeed, some countries recommend COVID-19 vaccination only for older adults and individuals who are severely immunocompromised. Herein we compare influenza and COVID-19 vaccination effectiveness against both acute infection and indirect effects of infection. We find that COVID-19 vaccines are equivalent to, or outperform, influenza vaccines when comparing protection from symptomatic infection, reduction in severe disease, safety profiles, and real-world effectiveness. We propose that expansion of COVID-19 vaccination policies would reduce disruptions to school, work, and healthcare systems, in addition to preventing hospitalizations and severe disease.},
}

@article {pmid41004357,
year = {2025},
author = {Chau, CHH and Stefler, D and Szeto, MMS},
title = {Effectiveness of probiotics on COVID-19 prevention and treatment against mild COVID-19 in outpatient care: A systematic review.},
journal = {Nutrition and health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {2601060251378200},
doi = {10.1177/02601060251378200},
pmid = {41004357},
issn = {0260-1060},
abstract = {BackgroundIn previous research, probiotics have shown to be beneficial in preventing and limiting the progress of upper respiratory infections. Their effectiveness in relation to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been investigated mainly in hospitalized patients, and less so among outpatients who constitute majority of COVID-19 cases.AimThis systematic review evaluates the available evidence regarding the effectiveness of probiotic use on prevention and treatment of COVID-19 among patients with mild symptoms in outpatient settings.MethodsPubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched for studies from their inception to May 2024, restricting to randomized controlled trials and before-and-after studies. The primary outcomes were infection incidence and complete remission rate. Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB 2.0) and risk of bias in non-randomized studies of interventions tool (ROBINS-I) were used to assess the risk of bias. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations approach was performed to assess the certainty of the evidence.ResultsEight randomized controlled trials and one pre-post study on 1235 participants were included. Four studies had low risk of bias. Probiotics were effective in reducing the incidence of COVID-19 upon exposure and accelerating the symptomatic remission of mild COVID-19 with less systemic symptoms. Overall, the certainty of evidence on both primary outcomes was moderate. Comorbidities and old ages were found to be significant confounders. Probiotics demonstrated significant immunomodulatory and humoral effects in the nasopharyngeal cavity.ConclusionThese results suggest that probiotics are effective at preventing COVID-19 and support faster recovery from mild COVID-19 among individuals seeking for outpatient care. People with comorbidities, that is, metabolic disorder and elderly benefit the most from probiotics supplements.},
}

@article {pmid41003823,
year = {2025},
author = {Mansuri, R and Raj, A and Monika, and Diwan, A and Shorog, E and Yasmin, S and Ashique, S and Ansari, MY},
title = {Revolutionizing vaccination: the marvel of nanovaccination technology.},
journal = {Molecular biology reports},
volume = {52},
number = {1},
pages = {949},
pmid = {41003823},
issn = {1573-4978},
support = {RGP1/233/46//Deanship of Scientific Research, King Khalid University/ ; RGP1/233/46//Deanship of Scientific Research, King Khalid University/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Vaccination/methods ; *Nanotechnology/methods ; *Vaccines/immunology/administration & dosage ; COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology ; Vaccine Development/methods ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Animals ; Drug Carriers/chemistry ; Adjuvants, Immunologic ; },
abstract = {Seasonal outbreaks of infectious diseases emphasise the critical need for the development of effective vaccines to address global healthcare challenges. Vaccines traditionally evolved using live attenuated organisms, killed organisms, and inactivated toxins. Despite the progression of traditional vaccines, improvement is needed due to toxicity and partial immunogenicity chances after multiple doses. Nanotechnology-based vaccines are now overcoming the gaps in traditional vaccines by enhancing their immunogenicity and reducing levels of toxicity. Nanocarrier-based vaccines reduce dosing frequency by enabling sustained antigen release, thereby minimising the need for booster doses required in conventional vaccines to achieve long-term immunity. The surface of nanocarriers can also be modified by phagocytic cells to increase their uptake for better antigen presentation and recognition and boost antibody production. As a result of better antigen recognition, the antibody production rate of nanocarrier-based vaccines is faster than that of traditional vaccines. Nanocarriers have a distinguished variety of sizes, shapes and compositions. They can also be used for the co-delivery of antigens and adjuvants. These advantageous nanocarriers are classified into various types based on their nature, like polymeric-based, lipid, and inorganic. In the case of solid nanocarriers, they protect against the degradation of the vaccine and improve its facilitation through gut related lymphoid tissues also mucosa linked lymphoid tissue. This review discussed the evolved platform of nanotechnology in vaccine development and its advantages over traditional vaccines. This paper also includes the classification of various nanocarriers, primarily focusing on nanovaccines developed for diseases such as hepatitis, malaria, COVID-19, influenza, human immunodeficiency virus, and cancer.},
}

Humans
*Vaccination/methods
*Nanotechnology/methods
*Vaccines/immunology/administration & dosage
COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology
Vaccine Development/methods
Nanoparticles/chemistry
Animals
Drug Carriers/chemistry
Adjuvants, Immunologic

@article {pmid41003635,
year = {2025},
author = {Presta, V and Guarnieri, A and Laurenti, F and Mazzei, S and di Martino, O and Vitale, M and Condello, G},
title = {Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS) and Exercise Interventions: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.},
journal = {Sports (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41003635},
issn = {2075-4663},
support = {MUR_DM737_2022_FIL_PROGETTI_B_CONDELLO_COFIN//Bando di Ateneo per la Ricerca 2022 - Azione B/ ; },
abstract = {The aim of this systematic review (PROSPERO registration number CRD42024517069) was to investigate the effectiveness of exercise interventions in Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS). We searched on several databases and followed the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). We included randomized controlled trials that evaluate exercise interventions in adults (40-60 years old) diagnosed with PACS. The outcomes of interest were health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and functional fitness. Twenty studies were included after screening. Thirteen and fourteen studies were rated as "low" risk for HRQoL and functional fitness outcomes, respectively. Based on the evidence, an 8-week exercise protocol of aerobic training in combination with strength-based and breathing exercises was found to be safe and feasible while improving quality of life and functional fitness in people with PACS. Telerehabilitation can also be an option to avoid contagion and physical contact with the same beneficial effects. Future research should expand the knowledge about other types of exercise (i.e., water-based exercises) with high-quality trials and consider whether findings could be potentially transferable to recovery from a wider spectrum of viral infections.},
}

@article {pmid41003163,
year = {2025},
author = {Bocci, MG and Cascarano, L and Capecchi, G and Lesci, A and Sabatini, V and Rubino, D and Stazi, GV and Garotto, G and Carrara, S and Vulcano, A and Gori, C and Del Nonno, F and Colombo, D and Falasca, L and Caraffa, E and Cicalini, S and Fontana, C},
title = {Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Immunocompromised Critically Ill Patients: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Clinical Features and Diagnosis-A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {11},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41003163},
issn = {2309-608X},
abstract = {Aspergillosis in immunocompromised individuals is a serious and potentially life-threatening infection, as the weakened immune system cannot effectively fight the Aspergillus fungus. This review provides an in-depth examination of aspergillosis in patients with various conditions that compromise immunity, including hematological disorders, HIV, SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, influenza, and those who have undergone solid organ transplants. The clinical manifestations of aspergillosis are influenced by factors such as the host's underlying comorbidities, immune response, and immune suppression due to medications or treatments. The review delves into the epidemiology of aspergillosis, exploring various risk factors that predispose individuals to infection. It also discusses the wide range of clinical symptoms, highlighting the challenges in diagnosis and the importance of early detection. The review contrasts traditional diagnostic approaches with emerging molecular techniques, emphasizing the role of advanced diagnostics in improving outcomes. A proposed clinical decision-making flowchart is provided to assist healthcare professionals in managing suspected cases of aspergillosis. In addition to diagnostic challenges, the review addresses antifungal prophylaxis, pre-emptive therapy, and the growing concern of pharmacological resistance to antifungal agents. It concludes with a discussion of future research directions, underscoring the need for improved therapeutic strategies and preventative measures in immunocompromised patients to reduce the burden of this severe fungal infection.},
}

@article {pmid41002881,
year = {2025},
author = {Duru, EE and Kissi-Twum, K and Ben-Umeh, KC and Mattingly, TJ},
title = {Advancing Federal Coordination to Address Drug Shortages.},
journal = {Cancer journal (Sudbury, Mass.)},
volume = {31},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {41002881},
issn = {1540-336X},
mesh = {Humans ; United States/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Antineoplastic Agents/supply & distribution ; *Drugs, Essential/supply & distribution ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Drugs, Generic/supply & distribution ; *Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Cisplatin/supply & distribution ; Methotrexate/supply & distribution ; Vincristine/supply & distribution ; },
abstract = {Persistent shortages of essential medicines in the United States, especially generic oncology drugs, continue to compromise timely cancer care and patient safety. The presence of multiple high-level reports from federal agencies and industry experts has outlined similar recommendations, including the creation of a unified essential medicines list, transparent supply chain monitoring, domestic manufacturing incentives, and centralized federal coordination, among others, giving an optimistic direction. This manuscript synthesizes key findings from these reports and highlights misalignment across agency roles and priorities as a barrier to sustained progress. Case studies of cisplatin, vincristine, and methotrexate shortages underscore the high stakes of inaction. Drawing on recent coordination successes during the COVID-19 response, we propose a practical path forward: establishing a central federal coordinating body, legislating an essential medicines list developed using an established criticality-reach-vulnerability framework, reforming procurement incentives, and expanding the Strategic National Stockpile.},
}

Humans
United States/epidemiology
COVID-19/epidemiology
*Antineoplastic Agents/supply & distribution
*Drugs, Essential/supply & distribution
SARS-CoV-2
Drugs, Generic/supply & distribution
*Neoplasms/drug therapy
Cisplatin/supply & distribution
Methotrexate/supply & distribution
Vincristine/supply & distribution

@article {pmid41002604,
year = {2025},
author = {Kounis, NG and Stefanidis, A and Hung, MY and Özkan, U and de Gregorio, C and Ceasovschih, A and Mplani, V and Gogos, C and Assimakopoulos, SF and Chatzigrigoriadis, C and Plotas, P and Dousdampanis, P and Kouni, SN and Tsigkas, G and Patsouras, N and Calogiuri, G and Pourmasumi, S and Koniari, I},
title = {From Acute Carditis, Rheumatic Carditis, and Morphologic Cardiac Reactions to Allergic Angina, Allergic Myocardial Infarction, and Kounis Syndrome: A Multidisciplinary and Multisystem Disease.},
journal = {Journal of cardiovascular development and disease},
volume = {12},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41002604},
issn = {2308-3425},
abstract = {This narrative review explains the history of anaphylactic or hypersensitivity reactions, their connection to the cardiovascular system, and Kounis syndrome, which is linked to hypersensitivity. Additional subjects discussed include immunoglobulin E and serum tryptase, common pathways of allergic and nonallergic cardiovascular events, current perspectives on Kounis syndrome, allergic myocardial infarction, allergic angina, and the impact of COVID-19 and its vaccination on Kounis syndrome. Kounis syndrome is a distinct kind of acute vascular disease that affects the coronary, cerebral, mesenteric, peripheral, and venous systems. Kounis syndrome is currently used to describe coronary symptoms linked to disorders involving mast cell activation and inflammatory cell interactions, such as those involving T-lymphocytes and macrophages, which further induce allergic, hypersensitive, anaphylactic, or anaphylactic insults. Platelet activating factor, histamine, neutral proteases like tryptase and chymase, arachidonic acid products, and a range of cytokines and chemokines released during the activation process are among the inflammatory mediators that cause it. Proinflammatory cytokines are primarily produced by mast cells in COVID-19 infections. Mast cell-derived proteases and eosinophil-associated mediators are also more prevalent in the lung tissues and sera of COVID-19 patients. As a modern global threat to civilization, COVID-19 is linked to chemical patterns that can activate mast cells; therefore, allergic stimuli are usually the reason. Virus-associated molecular patterns can activate mast cells, but allergic triggers are typically the cause. By activating SARS-CoV-2 and other toll-like receptors, a variety of proinflammatory mediators, including IL-6 and IL-1β, are released, potentially contributing to the pathology of COVID-19.},
}

@article {pmid41001327,
year = {2025},
author = {Le, KDR},
title = {Promoting Health System Resilience Through Health Policy Reform for the Ageing Population of Japan: A Rapid Literature Review.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {8},
pages = {e90931},
pmid = {41001327},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Health system resilience encapsulates the ability of a health system to maintain appropriate standards of healthcare service delivery despite stressors to the system. Insults to the system can come through various forms, including natural disasters and, more recently, the influence of the coronavirus pandemic. Additionally, Japan faces a more insidious health system challenge through its rapidly developing ageing population, coupled with a lower funding base in light of this. Healthcare costs in Japan continue to rise disproportionately and are anticipated to do so due to care and costs related to ageing-related diseases. This rapid review explores the opportunity for health policy reform with respect to the financial and service delivery vulnerabilities of the Japanese health system to improve the capacity of the system to maintain health system resilience. This review does this through synthesising evidence on the current Japanese health finance system and payment models, and evaluates these in the context of current epidemiological and healthcare financing data. In doing so, the review identifies potential reform opportunities, particularly related to restructuring access to healthcare, promoting the use of generic pharmaceuticals, consolidating insurance, and adopting value-based payment models to improve health system resilience.},
}

@article {pmid41000376,
year = {2025},
author = {Rotolo, A and Mason, NJ and Exley, MA},
title = {Innate iNKT cells: from biological insight to clinical impact.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1653183},
pmid = {41000376},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *Natural Killer T-Cells/immunology/metabolism ; Animals ; *Immunity, Innate ; Antigens, CD1d/immunology/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; },
abstract = {Over the past 30 years, work of immunologists worldwide has phenotypically and functionally defined "Natural Killer T cells" (NKT) and their subsets, including "invariant Natural Killer T cells" (iNKT). NKT cells make up a substantial fraction of T cells that express NK cell markers and have TCRs restricted to either conventional MHC molecules or the monomorphic CD1d molecule. Among these, iNKT cells are CD1d-restricted and more common within NKT cells than T cells without NK markers. While the definition of NKT cells, whether based on phenotype, function, or both, remains a topic of debate, iNKT cells represent a distinct T cell population characterized by a recurrent, conserved TCR rearrangement (TRAV10-TRAJ18 in humans) paired with a limited Vβ repertoire (mostly encoded by TRBV25-1 in humans). iNKT cells are restricted by CD1d, which, unlike CD1a-c molecules, is expressed not only on professional antigen-presenting cells and thymocytes but also on certain non-hematopoietic somatic tissues, both normal and neoplastic. Like all CD1 family members, CD1d presents various lipid antigens by accommodating their long hydrophobic tails in deep binding pockets, in contrast to the shallow peptide grooves of conventional MHC molecules. However, the ligand repertoire of CD1d is distinct from that of CD1a-c. This review focuses on CD1d-restricted iNKT cells. Activation of iNKT cells via their semi-invariant TCR, often in synergy with NK receptors and other co-stimulatory molecules, triggers a rapid, polyfunctional response. Unlike conventional MHC-restricted T cells, individual iNKT cells can simultaneously produce both Th1- and Th2-type cytokines and exert cytotoxic activity in an immune synapse-directed fashion. Through this combination of direct cytotoxicity and cytokine-mediated immunomodulation, iNKTs can eliminate target cells while activating myeloid and other lymphoid populations to amplify immune responses. Their versatility has fueled growing interest in harnessing iNKT cells across inflammatory, infectious, and oncological diseases, where early-phase studies have demonstrated their safety and preliminary efficacy. Moreover, because they are restricted by the non-polymorphic CD1d molecule and possess immune-regulatory properties, iNKT cells lack graft-versus-host potential, making them ideal candidates for allogeneic, off-the-shelf therapies. This review summarizes how iNKT cells are being reimagined as innovative tools for immune intervention across a range of clinical settings.},
}

Humans
*Natural Killer T-Cells/immunology/metabolism
Animals
*Immunity, Innate
Antigens, CD1d/immunology/metabolism
Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology

@article {pmid41000340,
year = {2025},
author = {Larsson, M and Ho, DM and Kirschner, M and Seifritz, E and Manoliu, A},
title = {Digital resilience interventions for healthcare workers: a systematic review.},
journal = {Frontiers in psychiatry},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1519670},
pmid = {41000340},
issn = {1664-0640},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Burnout among healthcare professionals is rising, exacerbated by increased workloads and the Covid-19 pandemic. Affected individuals face stress, depression, and anxiety, adversely impacting both personal well-being and patient care. Resilience has emerged as a key focus for targeted interventions, with online delivery gaining relevance due to the digital transformation and the need for flexibility in busy healthcare schedules.

METHODS: A systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for eligible studies from April 2014 to April 2024, using search terms related to resilience, online/blended interventions, and healthcare professionals. A total of 7,619 records were identified and screened by two independent reviewers (ML, AM). Final inclusion was based on predefined criteria for online or blended interventions aimed at enhancing resilience in healthcare professionals. The Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) assessed risk of bias. PRISMA guidelines were followed.

RESULTS: Fifty-five studies were selected, employing various interventions such as psychoeducation, meditation, mindfulness, and elements of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). Interventions were delivered online through websites, apps, audio files, etc. or in blended formats complementing in-person sessions. Most studies reported significant improvements in resilience, alongside reductions in stress, burnout, depression, and anxiety. However, only three studies in the online group involving mindfulness or CBT interventions received a strong global rating in the risk of bias assessment by fulfilling the methodological quality criteria. Among these, mindfulness, compared to a waitlist control or a psychoeducational brochure, significantly improved resilience and reduced burnout, while the CBT intervention, compared to bibliotherapy, led to a significant reduction in stress. Compared to the other studies, these three stood out due to minimal selection bias, low attrition rates, a robust study design, and at least partial blinding.

DISCUSSION: This review indicates that digital interventions may enhance resilience and associated factors in healthcare personnel. However, caution is advised due to the heterogeneity of interventions and varied measurement methods. Only three studies met methodological quality criteria, limiting the reliability of other findings. Future research should standardize resilience concepts and adhere to methodological criteria to ensure valid conclusions.

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024542758 PROSPERO, identifier CRD42024542758.},
}

@article {pmid41000059,
year = {2025},
author = {Diedericks, C and Crossley, KJ and Davies, IM and Blank, DA and Cramer, SJE and Wallace, MJ and Te Pas, AB and Kitchen, MJ and Hooper, SB},
title = {Role of the Chest Wall in Newborn Respiratory Function at Birth.},
journal = {FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology},
volume = {39},
number = {19},
pages = {e71064},
pmid = {41000059},
issn = {1530-6860},
support = {2012443//Federal Government | DHAC | National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)/ ; 2021055//Federal Government | DHAC | National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)/ ; APP20262322//Federal Government | DHAC | National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)/ ; //Australian Government Research Training Program/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Thoracic Wall/physiology ; Infant, Newborn ; Respiratory Mechanics/physiology ; *Respiration ; Lung/physiology ; Respiratory Muscles/physiology ; COVID-19 ; },
abstract = {The chest wall significantly impacts respiratory function after birth, but its role in the newborn remains poorly understood as it is structurally and functionally different from adults. In neonates, the chest wall is highly compliant, which allows it to expand to accommodate the incoming air and the lung liquid cleared into the pulmonary interstitium during lung aeration. However, the high neonatal chest wall compliance predisposes it to distortion, which reduces breathing efficiency and necessitates respiratory muscle activation to stabilize it. This increases the work of breathing and, when combined with fewer fatigue-resistant Type I muscle fibers (slow twitch, high oxidative capacity) in the diaphragm muscle, the risk of respiratory fatigue is increased. Nevertheless, as the chest wall is highly compliant in the newborn, recent studies have demonstrated that extra-thoracic pressures can influence chest wall mechanics. Positive extra-thoracic pressures (such as those applied with tight swaddling) limit chest wall expansion, whereas a small constant negative extra-thoracic pressure stabilizes the chest wall and improves oxygenation in neonates. In this review, we aim to summarize the current evidence on chest wall function in fetuses and neonates, particularly during lung liquid clearance, lung aeration, and breathing after birth. Furthermore, we will explore how knowledge from newborn respiratory physiology may inform our understanding of the respiratory consequences of pulmonary oedema in adults, such as occurred during the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}

Humans
*Thoracic Wall/physiology
Infant, Newborn
Respiratory Mechanics/physiology
*Respiration
Lung/physiology
Respiratory Muscles/physiology
COVID-19

@article {pmid40999389,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, Y and Lu, Y and Tang, H and Spector, EA and Wen, X and Germinal, K and Milfort, A and Guo, Y and Bost, S and Shenkman, E and Bian, J and Hu, H and Guo, J},
title = {Neonatal outcomes among pregnant women with COVID-19: a systematic scoping review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {BMC pregnancy and childbirth},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {948},
pmid = {40999389},
issn = {1471-2393},
support = {CDRN-1501-26692/PCORI/Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute/United States ; R21 ES032762/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States ; R21ES032762/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States ; UL1 TR001427/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; UL1TR001427/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Pregnancy ; Female ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/transmission ; *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology/virology ; Infant, Newborn ; *Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/statistics & numerical data ; *Pregnancy Outcome/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Current findings on the neonatal outcomes among pregnant women infected with COVID-19 remain inconclusive. The purpose of this systematic scoping review and meta-analysis was to summarize the literature regarding this topic and provide an overview of the methodologies and results present in current research.

METHODS: PubMed was searched up to December 2022 to identify observational studies that reported neonatal outcomes among children delivered by mothers diagnosed with COVID-19 during pregnancy. Outcomes of interest included vertical transmission to neonates, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, and neonatal death. Qualitative analysis and meta-analysis were applied to summarize and synthesize the results.

RESULTS: Out of an initial selection of 13,387 studies, 187 were included in this systematic scoping review. There was high heterogeneity in the epidemiologic study design, sample size, and outcomes of interest. Most studies focused on neonatal outcomes from birth to day 14 rather than the full neonatal period. Conflicting conclusions were drawn regarding outcomes among neonates delivered by COVID-19-positive mothers. Results of meta-analysis revealed that maternal COVID-19 infection was moderately associated with the risk of vertical transmission to neonates (Incidence Rate [IR], 2.66%; 95%CI, 2.11-3.35%), neonatal intensive care unit admission (IR, 16.43%; 95%CI, 14.59-18.45%), and neonatal death (IR, 1.29%; 95%CI, 0.95-1.74%), and these risks seemed to be increased with the severity of maternal COVID-19.

CONCLUSIONS: This review identified heterogeneity in the epidemiologic studies. Maternal COVID-19 infection was associated with the risk of adverse neonatal outcomes and these risks seemed to be increased with the severity of maternal COVID-19.},
}

Humans
Pregnancy
Female
*COVID-19/epidemiology/transmission
*Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology/virology
Infant, Newborn
*Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/statistics & numerical data
*Pregnancy Outcome/epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2
Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data

@article {pmid40998072,
year = {2025},
author = {Sheervalilou, M and Ghanei, M and Arabfard, M},
title = {Single-cell RNA sequencing in high-burden viral respiratory infections: Decoding immune cell subsets and immune-related differential gene expression.},
journal = {Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases},
volume = {135},
number = {},
pages = {105834},
doi = {10.1016/j.meegid.2025.105834},
pmid = {40998072},
issn = {1567-7257},
abstract = {Respiratory infections remain a major global health burden, ranking among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged as a transformative technology for dissecting the cellular and molecular complexity of these infections. This review focuses on recent scRNA-seq studies investigating the immune landscape of high-burden viral respiratory infections, particularly COVID-19 and influenza, which are characterized by high transmissibility and clinical impact. We provide an overview of publicly available scRNA-seq datasets derived from human peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), as well as lung tissues and explants from murine models, emphasizing their value in profiling immune heterogeneity. scRNA-seq has revealed significant remodeling of immune cell populations during infection, including the identification of novel subsets such as CD4[+] c13-MKI67[+] CCL5[low] T cells, CD8[+] CXCR3[high] GZMA[+] T cells, and CD56[high] CD16[-] GZMB[+] NK cells. These subsets are frequently associated with differential expression of cytokines, chemokines, and interferon-stimulated genes that reflect disease severity and progression. In addition, scRNA-seq has highlighted key pathogen-induced pathways, including type I interferon, NF-κB, and JAK/STAT signaling, and has identified emerging immune-related biomarkers-such as PTX3, MCEMP1, CXCR4, IFIT1, ISG15, and STAT1-with potential diagnostic and prognostic utility. While scRNA-seq applications in respiratory infections of other microbial origins are limited, its role in mapping immune responses and guiding biomarker discovery in viral infections is rapidly expanding. This review synthesizes these findings to inform future translational research and immunodiagnostic strategies.},
}

@article {pmid40997838,
year = {2025},
author = {Frisoni, GB and Hansson, O and Nichols, E and Garibotto, V and Schindler, SE and van der Flier, WM and Jessen, F and Villain, N and Arenaza-Urquijo, EM and Crivelli, L and Fortea, J and Grinberg, LT and Ismail, Z and Minoshima, S and Ossenkoppele, R and Zetterberg, H and Petersen, RC and Dubois, B},
title = {New landscape of the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.},
journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
volume = {406},
number = {10510},
pages = {1389-1407},
doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01294-2},
pmid = {40997838},
issn = {1474-547X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis/cerebrospinal fluid ; Biomarkers/cerebrospinal fluid/blood ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism/cerebrospinal fluid ; tau Proteins/cerebrospinal fluid/metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; },
abstract = {Alzheimer's disease involves a drastic departure from the cognitive, functional, and behavioural trajectory of normal ageing, and is both a dreaded and highly prevalent cause of disability to individuals, and a leading source of health and social care expenditure for society. Before the advent of biomarkers, post-mortem examination was the only method available to establish a definitive diagnosis. In this first paper of the Series, we review state-of-the-art diagnostic practices and the typical patient journey in specialist settings, where clinicians engage in a differential diagnosis to establish whether Alzheimer's pathology (cerebral deposition of β-amyloid and hyperphosphorylated tau) is a contributor to cognitive impairment. Biomarkers indicating dysregulation of β-amyloid and tau homeostasis, measured with PET and cerebrospinal fluid analysis, allow a molecular-level diagnosis-a mandatory step in defining eligibility for the recently approved anti-amyloid treatments. We anticipate that easily accessible blood biomarkers, already available in some countries, will lead to a new diagnostic revolution and bring about major changes in health-care systems worldwide.},
}

Humans
*Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis/cerebrospinal fluid
Biomarkers/cerebrospinal fluid/blood
Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism/cerebrospinal fluid
tau Proteins/cerebrospinal fluid/metabolism
Diagnosis, Differential
Positron-Emission Tomography

@article {pmid40997476,
year = {2025},
author = {Porcel, JM and Porcel, L and Campo-Linares, R},
title = {Point-of-care ultrasound in pulmonary and pleural infections.},
journal = {Medicina clinica},
volume = {165},
number = {5},
pages = {107191},
doi = {10.1016/j.medcli.2025.107191},
pmid = {40997476},
issn = {1578-8989},
abstract = {Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a rapid bedside imaging modality available to clinicians for the diagnosis of pleuropulmonary infections. Compared with chest radiography, POCUS is more sensitive in identifying pneumonia and its complications (parapneumonic pleural effusions, necrosis, and abscesses). The most common sonographic features of pneumonia are consolidation (with irregular margins and dynamic air bronchograms), B-lines, and pleural effusion. POCUS also has prognostic applications, for example, to determine the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia or to predict residual pleural thickening in a tuberculous effusion. Finally, the presence of a complex septated ultrasound pattern in the context of pleural infection is indicative of the need for drainage, which is performed using a thoracostomy tube and instillation of intrapleural enzyme therapy.},
}

@article {pmid40997395,
year = {2025},
author = {Moisi, M and Bowers, C and Shah, S and Zoghi, S and Venero, C and Arora, S and Mirza, S and Haridas, A and Vahdat, N and Foroughi, M and Mahdavi, SB and Sourani, A},
title = {A systematic review on COVID-19 and spinal strokes, the end of an era.},
journal = {Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia},
volume = {142},
number = {},
pages = {111639},
doi = {10.1016/j.jocn.2025.111639},
pmid = {40997395},
issn = {1532-2653},
abstract = {AIM: To investigate the association of the COVID-19 virus with hemorrhagic and ischemic spinal strokes.

, BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has extensive extrapulmonary manifestations. Myelitis, demyelinating syndromes, hemorrhagic and ischemic presentations have been reported. To date, there is no comprehensive study to delineate an evidence-based correlation between COVID-19 and spinal strokes comprehensively.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A PRISMA-based systematic review.

RESULTS: In the final review, 8 data sets for ischemia and 11 for hemorrhagic lesions were included. The mean age for ischemia and hemorrhagic lesions was 52 and 47 years old, respectively. Patients with cord ischemia had more severe COVID-19 pneumonia as compared to hemorrhagic (62 % vs 27 %). Lab results showed 75 % coagulation abnormalities in cord ischemia patients while there was no coagulopathy in the hemorrhage group. Somatosensory deficits were the most prevalent neurological presentations in both groups. MRI showed that the anterior spinal artery and central ischemia were the most common patterns of COVID-19 spinal ischemia. MRI images also revealed epidural and intramedullary hematomas were the most common type of hemorrhagic lesions with cervical and thoracic preferences. The most common on-admission neurological status was American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale A-B(ischemia) and ASIA B-D(hemorrhage). All of the ischemic patients received conservative management. In hemorrhagic patients, there were 4 laminectomies, 6 conservative management, and 1 combined approach. Post-intervention clinical outcomes in ischemia were unfavorable but in the hemorrhagic spinal strokes, it had more promising results.

CONCLUSION: COVID-19 can cause both ischemia and hemorrhagic spinal strokes. Coagulopathy may be a precipitating factor in cord ischemia development while other neuropathogenesis mechanisms may precipitate spinal hemorrhage. Early surgical or conservative management is the key factor in determining long-term outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid40995868,
year = {2025},
author = {Lindfors, O and Josefsson, A and Sjöström, C},
title = {[Time to modernise healthcare regarding functional disorders].},
journal = {Lakartidningen},
volume = {122},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40995868},
issn = {1652-7518},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/psychology/therapy ; Sweden ; Denmark ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; },
abstract = {The Swedish guideline on post covid-19 and related syndromes classify six overlapping conditions. A functional perspective, as used in Denmark, distinguishes physiological reactions from diseases, aiding understanding and treatment. Functional symptoms arise from dysregulated adaptation systems reacting excessively. This dysregulation can persist, leading to various symptoms. Effective treatment focuses on stabilizing these systems through knowledge, behavioral changes and gradual exposure to discomfort. A biopsychosocial model addressing biological, psychological, and social factors is key. Denmark's structured approach has improved care, and similar competence-building efforts in Sweden could enhance treatment for post-infectious and long term functional conditions.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications/psychology/therapy
Sweden
Denmark
Practice Guidelines as Topic
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome

@article {pmid40994755,
year = {2025},
author = {Ducas, J and Daneau, C and Bouqartacha, S and Lecours, A and Abboud, J and Marchand, AA and Descarreaux, M},
title = {The impact of telework on absenteeism, presenteeism, and return to work among workers with health conditions: a scoping review.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {1655200},
pmid = {40994755},
issn = {2296-2565},
mesh = {Humans ; *Absenteeism ; *Presenteeism/statistics & numerical data ; *Return to Work/statistics & numerical data ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Teleworking/statistics & numerical data ; Adult ; Workplace ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Health Status ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Telework has become increasingly prominent as a flexible work arrangement, particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic. For workers managing health conditions, it may support continued employment by influencing key work-related phenomena such as absenteeism, presenteeism and return to work (RTW) process. However, current evidence on the impact of telework on the work-related outcome to manage health condition in the workplace remains limited and fragmented.

OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aimed to map the existing literature on the impact of telework on absenteeism, presenteeism, and RTW outcomes among adult workers with health conditions.

METHODS: Included studies were either qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods, published in English or French, including adults with any physical or psychological health conditions. At least one outcome domain (absenteeism, presenteeism, or RTW) was required. Eight databases were searched from inception to May 2025: Medline, CINAHL, APA PsycINFO, Academic Search Complete, Business Source Complete, Scopus, Sociological Abstracts, and ABI/INFORM Global. Data extraction focused on study design, objectives, variables/definitions, sample size, health status, demographic characteristics, individual characteristics, organizational factors and results. Data were synthesized by the outcome domain (absenteeism, presenteeism, RTW) and stratified by study type (quantitative vs. qualitative).

RESULTS: From 4,093 records, 21 studies were included. The majority of studies suggest that telework contributes to reduced absenteeism by increasing work flexibility. Telework is also consistently associated with facilitating RTW, particularly following surgery or in the context of chronic illness, by supporting work reintegration and shortening the duration of sick leave. In contrast, findings on presenteeism are conflicting: some studies report that telework increases the likelihood of working while sick, others suggest a decrease, and some report no significant impact or conflicting results. These outcomes appear to be influenced by contextual factors, including health status, demographic variables, individual characteristics, and organizational context.

CONCLUSION: Telework appears to offer flexibility that can reduce absenteeism and facilitate RTW. However, its impact on presenteeism is less consistent and may even encourage working while sick if not properly supervised. Future studies should examine which policies most effectively maximize the benefits of telework while minimizing potential drawbacks.},
}

Humans
*Absenteeism
*Presenteeism/statistics & numerical data
*Return to Work/statistics & numerical data
COVID-19/epidemiology
*Teleworking/statistics & numerical data
Adult
Workplace
SARS-CoV-2
Health Status

@article {pmid40994423,
year = {2025},
author = {Greenleaf, MN and Damhorst, GL and Vogel, EM and Martin, GS and Lam, WA},
title = {From startup to shutdown: the dramatic rise and fall of the first at-home combo test for flu and COVID-19.},
journal = {Lab on a chip},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40994423},
issn = {1473-0189},
support = {U54 EB027690/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/United States ; UL1 TR002378/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {This article explores the development and commercialization of Lucira Health's innovative at-home molecular diagnostic test, which detects influenza A or B and SARS-CoV-2. Launched amidst the urgent demand for accessible testing solutions, Lucira's product represented a significant breakthrough, becoming the first over-the-counter combination test authorized by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The narrative tracks Lucira's journey from its origins in microfluidics at the University of California-Berkeley, through development challenges, business success and failure. It also contrasts the distinct motivations and technical challenges of pre-pandemic versus pandemic era diagnostics, emphasizing test-to-treat strategies versus rapid results for containment. Despite early successes, Lucira faced insurmountable regulatory and financial hurdles, culminating in bankruptcy just days before FDA authorization. The case offers critical insights into diagnostics product development, regulatory navigation, product diversification, and strategic risk management in push towards home and point of care diagnostics.},
}

@article {pmid40991037,
year = {2025},
author = {Fichtner, F and Kluge, S and Laudi, S and Moerer, O and Weber-Carstens, S and Sander, M},
title = {[Ten key messages of the German S3 guideline on invasive ventilation and use of extracorporeal techniques in patients with acute respiratory failure].},
journal = {Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40991037},
issn = {2193-6226},
}

@article {pmid40989868,
year = {2025},
author = {Patel, JJ and Fine, KS and O'Shea, AW and Wirth, PJ and Shaffrey, EC and Attaluri, PK and Rao, VK},
title = {Gloving the Surgeon: A Practical Review of Surgical Glove Material Properties, Safety, and Waste.},
journal = {Annals of surgery open : perspectives of surgical history, education, and clinical approaches},
volume = {6},
number = {3},
pages = {e600},
pmid = {40989868},
issn = {2691-3593},
abstract = {Surgical gloves are a staple in every surgeon's daily routine, yet their full lifecycle is not always well understood. This paper outlines the journey of a surgical glove from manufacturing to disposal, with particular emphasis on clinically relevant properties such as durability, perforation rates, and allergy risk. It begins with a review of the historical context of sterile surgical gloves, followed by a detailed overview of the manufacturing process and the materials used, including latex and various synthetic alternatives. These various materials may differ in barrier protection, fit, tactile sensitivity, and allergenic potential. Data presented here suggests that synthetic alternatives to latex, while hypoallergenic, may be more prone to microperforations or decreased dexterity. The logistics of glove sourcing and inventory management are also examined, providing insights to help surgical teams and hospital administrators prepare for supply chain disruptions, such as those experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, best practices for glove disposal and the environmental impact of surgical gloves are explored. By examining the clinical and logistical aspects of glove use, this article offers insights to optimize surgical safety, resource management, and sustainability.},
}

@article {pmid40989546,
year = {2025},
author = {Cruz Neto, J and Fiuza Olivindo, CV and Guimarães Dos Santos, JA and Araujo da Silva, MA and de Oliveira Sales Junior, R},
title = {Cardiometabolic factors related to post-COVID-19 conditions: a scoping review.},
journal = {Revista Cuidarte},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {e4290},
pmid = {40989546},
issn = {2346-3414},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Post-COVID syndrome is a pathology that involves multiple sequelae. It is important to identify cardiometabolic risk factors as a way of preventing complications.

OBJECTIVE: To map the scientific evidence related to cardiometabolic factors in long post-COVID-19 conditions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Scoping review with the guiding question: What scientific evidence relates cardiometabolic factors to patients with long post-Covid-19 syndrome? The sources of information used were six databases via the CAPES journal portal. For the gray literature, we used the CAPES catalog of theses and dissertations, the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, the Who Library Database and the medRxiv and OpenGrey repositories. The following descriptors were used: Adult, heart disease risk factors, Syndrome, SARS-CoV-2 and Covid 19 crossed using the Boolean operators AND and OR.

RESULTS: 14 studies were included. The cardiometabolic factors found were: abnormal levels of triglycerides, glycated hemoglobin, ferritin, inflammatory processes, decreased platelets, phospholipids and endothelial cells, oxidative stress, higher concentrations of monosaccharides and reduced polysaccharides, increased LDL, ALT, AST and bilirubin, with reduced GFR.

DISCUSSION: Patients with long-term COVID report persistent and debilitating symptoms that affect recovery, quality of life, economic and social activities. In addition to increased resting heart rate, tachycardia, palpitations, hypotension, syncope, orthostatic tachycardia, angina and heart attack.

CONCLUSION: Cardiometabolic factors expose the vulnerability of individuals affected by long Covid-19, so strategies are needed to reduce the systemic inflammatory impact of the disease and its clinical consequences.},
}

@article {pmid40988745,
year = {2025},
author = {Montrucchio, G and Traversi, R and Arrigo, G and Bonetto, C and Sales, G and Busca, A and Fanelli, V and Filippini, C and Brazzi, L},
title = {Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in the adult critically ill: a narrative review of case reports and case series.},
journal = {Frontiers in medicine},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1622770},
pmid = {40988745},
issn = {2296-858X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare life-threatening syndrome characterized by hyperinflammation caused by abnormally activated macrophages and cytotoxic T cells overlapping with sepsis and multi-organ disfunction (MOD). Its frequency is probably underestimated.

METHODS: Patients' data were extracted from a literature search performed on PubMed (MEDLINE) and EMBASE using the following search terms: "Hemophagocyitic Lymphohistiocytosis" OR "HLH" OR "MACROPHAGE ACTIVATING SYNDROME" OR "MAS" AND "Intensive Care Unit" OR "Critical Care" OR "ICU." Search was limited to articles published after 2014, when HScore was proposed.

RESULTS: We found 126 case reports and case series for a total of 148 patients with an overall mortality of 47.5%. Main triggers were infections (111 patients; 88.1%) followed by dysimmune disorders (29 patients; 19.7%) and hematological malignancies (20 patients; 13.6%). The following factors were associated with increased ICU mortality: viral infection (76 patients; 52.8%) p = 0.0071 and p = 0.0086 at multivariate analysis for SARS-CoV-2, hematological malignancies (p = 0.0035 at univariate analysis; p = 0.0083 at multivariate analysis), invasive mechanical ventilation (116 patients; 83.3%) p = 0.0060 at univariate analysis not confirmed in multivariate analysis (p = 0.0599). Corticosteroids were associated with reduced ICU mortality at univariate analysis (86 patients; 59.7% p = 0.0250) not confirmed at multivariate analysis (p = 0.7196).

CONCLUSION: Evidence from our analysis confirms the severity and rapid evolution of HLH, suggesting the importance of prompt clinical suspicion. Since HLH can be found in different hospital settings, including ICU, we believe that this syndrome should be considered in differential diagnosis for all patients presenting with MOD with unclear etiology. Development of specific diagnostic and therapeutic schemes should be considered a priority.},
}

@article {pmid40988320,
year = {2025},
author = {Yin, X and Hou, X and Feng, J},
title = {Role of Ferroptosis on Lung Epithelial Cells in Disease Progression and Treatment: A Review.},
journal = {Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research},
volume = {31},
number = {},
pages = {e948226},
pmid = {40988320},
issn = {1643-3750},
mesh = {*Ferroptosis/physiology/drug effects ; Humans ; *Epithelial Cells/pathology/metabolism ; Disease Progression ; *Lung/pathology/metabolism ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Oxidative Stress ; *Lung Diseases/pathology ; COVID-19/pathology ; Animals ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/pathology ; Lipid Peroxidation ; },
abstract = {Lung epithelial cells, including bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells, serve as the frontline barrier of the respiratory tract and play essential roles in maintaining pulmonary homeostasis and immune defense. Dysfunction of these epithelial cells contributes significantly to the development and progression of various lung diseases. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation and glutathione depletion, has emerged as a key mechanism in pulmonary pathology. It plays distinct roles in benign and malignant lung conditions. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, ferroptosis promotes bronchial epithelial damage, oxidative stress, and persistent inflammation. Pathogens, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and SARS-CoV-2, induce ferroptosis to exacerbate epithelial injury. In pulmonary fibrosis, ferroptosis of alveolar epithelial cells contributes to tissue remodeling through oxidative stress and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In lung cancer, ferroptosis affects carcinogenesis, therapy resistance, and response to radiotherapy. Emerging therapeutic strategies target ferroptosis using inhibitors, such as ferrostatin-1 and deferoxamine, or inducers, such as erastin and sulfasalazine, to modulate cell fate in a disease-specific manner. Natural compounds, such as curcumin, resveratrol, and nanomaterials, further enhance ferroptosis-based treatment potential. Ferroptosis thus offers a novel perspective on lung disease mechanisms and treatment. This article aims to review the role of epithelial cell ferroptosis in benign and malignant lung diseases.},
}

*Ferroptosis/physiology/drug effects
Humans
*Epithelial Cells/pathology/metabolism
Disease Progression
*Lung/pathology/metabolism
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
Oxidative Stress
*Lung Diseases/pathology
COVID-19/pathology
Animals
Lung Neoplasms/pathology
SARS-CoV-2
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/pathology
Lipid Peroxidation

@article {pmid40988261,
year = {2025},
author = {Gao, Y and Wang, X and Su, X and Liu, W and Zhang, Q},
title = {Acupuncture for hiccups: Case reports and literature review.},
journal = {Medicine},
volume = {104},
number = {38},
pages = {e44036},
pmid = {40988261},
issn = {1536-5964},
support = {ZKYB2410//the Hospital-level Project of Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center/ ; (2022)NO:239//The National Program For Talents In Traditional Chinese Medicine/ ; },
mesh = {Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Humans ; Male ; *Acupuncture Therapy/methods ; *Hiccup/therapy ; },
abstract = {RATIONALE: Persistent hiccups following a stroke are a common complication that can adversely affect the patient's condition and rehabilitation. Certain refractory cases fail to respond adequately to pharmacological treatment. We report 2 cases of successful treatment of persistent hiccups with acupuncture and a medical electromagnetic device (trade name, TDP, an abbreviation of the Chinese phrase "Te-ding Dian-ci-bo Pu").

PATIENT CONCERNS: The first patient was a 94-year-old male who had experienced continuous hiccups for 7 days. His comorbidities included Alzheimer disease, cardiac arrhythmia following pacemaker implantation, chronic kidney disease, glaucoma, and recent COVID-19 infection complicated by pneumonia. The second patient was a 70-year-old male who had experienced hiccups for 10 days. He had a history of cerebellar and brainstem infarction, hypertension, and hypopharyngeal carcinoma.

DIAGNOSES: Both patients were diagnosed with persistent hiccups.

INTERVENTIONS: Both patients received combined treatment with acupuncture and TDP.

OUTCOMES: Following treatment, hiccups were alleviated to different degrees, and no recurrence was observed at follow-up.

LESSONS: Neuroexcitatory imbalance and thoracoabdominal pressure asymmetry are considered underlying causes of persistent hiccups. Acupuncture combined with TDP may modulate periumbilical arteriovenous networks and abdominal pressure, thereby relieving hiccups. This case series suggests a novel, easily implemented, well-tolerated therapeutic option for the management of persistent hiccups.},
}

Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Humans
Male
*Acupuncture Therapy/methods
*Hiccup/therapy

@article {pmid40987329,
year = {2025},
author = {Shaw, KE and Peterson, JK and Jalali, N and Ratnavale, S and Alkuzweny, M and Barbera, C and Costello, A and Emerick, L and Espana, G and Meyer, A and Mowry, S and Poterek, M and de Souza Moreira, C and Morgan, EL and Moore, S and Perkins, A},
title = {Co-circulating pathogens of humans: a systematic review of mechanistic transmission models.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {292},
number = {2055},
pages = {20251453},
pmid = {40987329},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/transmission/virology/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; HIV Infections/transmission ; *Coinfection/virology ; *Communicable Diseases/transmission/virology/epidemiology ; *Models, Biological ; Models, Theoretical ; },
abstract = {Historically, most mathematical models of infectious disease dynamics have focused on a single pathogen, despite the ubiquity of co-circulating pathogens in the real world. We conducted a systematic review of 326 published papers that included a mechanistic, population-level model of co-circulating human pathogens. We identified the types of pathogens represented in this literature, techniques used and motivations for conducting these studies. We also created an interaction index to quantify the degree to which co-circulating pathogen models include across scale and/or pathogen-pathogen interactions. We found that the emergence of new pathogens, such as HIV and SARS-CoV-2, precipitated modelling activity of the emerging pathogen with established pathogens. Pathogen characteristics also tended to drive modelling activity; for example, HIV suppresses the immune response, eliciting interesting dynamics when it is modelled with other pathogens. The motivations driving these studies were varied but could be divided into two major categories: exploration of dynamics and evaluation of interventions. Future potential avenues of research we identified include investigating the effects of misdiagnosis of clinically similar co-circulating pathogens and characterizing the impacts of one pathogen on public health resources available to curtail the spread of other pathogens.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/transmission/virology/epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2/physiology
HIV Infections/transmission
*Coinfection/virology
*Communicable Diseases/transmission/virology/epidemiology
*Models, Biological
Models, Theoretical

@article {pmid40987100,
year = {2025},
author = {Verdoni, L and Mazza, A and Martelli, L and Gervasoni, A and Amoroso, A and Marcora, SA and Brambilla, P and Bonanomi, E and Carioli, G and D'Antiga, L},
title = {The outcome of severe MIS-C managed at the Italian epicenter of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic: a follow-up study of 50 consecutive patients.},
journal = {Current opinion in immunology},
volume = {97},
number = {},
pages = {102659},
doi = {10.1016/j.coi.2025.102659},
pmid = {40987100},
issn = {1879-0372},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, we described a peak of a Kawasaki-like disease in children, later renamed multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). We report the long-term outcomes of MIS-C patients who presented to our center.

METHODS: We recorded clinical features and outcomes in patients with MIS-C admitted to our institution (February 2020-February 2022), focusing on the long-term outcome of those with a severe course.

RESULTS: A total of 50 MIS-C patients (mean age 8.8 ± 4.3 years, 16 females) were admitted. In univariate analysis, the predictors of high-risk disease were older age; high CRP, neutrophils, ferritin, D-dimer, and transaminases; and low white blood cells, lymphocytes, platelets, albumin, and sodium. In multivariate analysis, a more severe course of the disease was associated with sodium ≤133 or ferritin >684. In two months, the symptoms disappeared. No relapses occurred during four years of surveillance.

CONCLUSION: The prognosis of MIS-C is favorable, even in severe cases. MIS-C resolves completely as early as eight weeks from onset and is not associated with other events over four years of observation. In our experience, careful and correct stratification in the initial phases has proven essential in setting up the correct treatment, with full recovery in all cases.},
}

@article {pmid40987023,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, J and Zhong, W and Li, Q and Zhang, W and Lin, W and Fan, X and He, Y and Ma, N},
title = {Sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling in respiratory diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.},
journal = {International immunopharmacology},
volume = {166},
number = {},
pages = {115578},
doi = {10.1016/j.intimp.2025.115578},
pmid = {40987023},
issn = {1878-1705},
abstract = {Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a pivotal bioactive sphingolipid functioning as both a structural membrane component and a signaling mediator. It orchestrates diverse physiological and pathological processes including cellular proliferation, migration, differentiation, and immune regulation. The biological efficacy of S1P is controlled by metabolic networks that coordinate its biosynthesis, transport, and degradation to maintain intra/extracellular homeostasis and to activate cell surface S1P receptors (S1PRs) to initiate downstream signaling. Contemporary research increasingly has increasingly revealed the multifaceted roles of S1P signaling in respiratory pathologies, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary malignancies, and especially infectious lung diseases such as COVID-19 and influenza. Particularly, S1P levels are significantly correlated with the severity and prognosis of the disease. These findings indicate that pharmacological modulation of the S1P signaling axis, through sphingosine kinase (SPHK1/2) inhibition, S1P lyase (SPL) inhibition, or the S1PR modulation represents a promising therapeutic approach. However, incomplete understanding of the S1P signaling mechanisms presents significant challenges for clinical applications. This review systematically consolidates recent advances in S1P signaling research in respiratory medicine, with particular emphasis on delineating cellular and molecular mechanisms and evaluating the translational potential of targeted therapeutics.},
}

@article {pmid40986167,
year = {2025},
author = {Vester, P and Boudouroglou-Walter, S and Schreyögg, J and Wieting, C and Blome, C},
title = {Burden of Disease in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Applied health economics and health policy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40986167},
issn = {1179-1896},
support = {GRK 2805/1//German Academic Research Foundation (DFG),/ ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a serious chronic and complex multi-system disease characterised by symptoms such as post-exertional malaise, fatigue, cognitive impairment and pain. Diagnosis is based on international consensus criteria, and no curative treatment is available. In the USA, its prevalence is estimated at 0.42% among adults, with women affected three times as often as men. Prevalence is expected to increase due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to its severe symptoms, ME/CFS has a substantial economic impact. This scoping review aimed to systematically examine the global health, social and economic burden of ME/CFS.

METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature search following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines in six databases and supplemented it with a citation search. We assessed study quality using a modified version of the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

RESULTS: We included 20 studies that assessed costs (n = 16), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) (n = 3), employment rates (n = 1), and school attendance (n = 1) as indicators of disease burden. Reported costs per patient ranged from USD 2,916 to USD 119,611, with indirect costs accounting for the largest proportion. DALYs reported for the USA ranged from 0.714 million in 2016 to 5.77 million in 2022.

CONCLUSION: ME/CFS imposes a substantial health, social and economic burden of disease. Discrepancies in estimates are probably due to differences in study samples, methodologies, cost components, and healthcare systems. Because ME/CFS is assumed to be underdiagnosed, its true burden may be even higher.},
}

@article {pmid40985351,
year = {2025},
author = {Peters, LER and Charnley, GEC and Roberts, S and Kelman, I},
title = {Public health disinformation, conflict, and disease outbreaks: a global narrative integrative review to guide new directions for health diplomacy.},
journal = {Global health action},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {2562380},
pmid = {40985351},
issn = {1654-9880},
mesh = {Humans ; *Global Health ; *Disease Outbreaks ; *Public Health ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Diplomacy ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; International Cooperation ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic laid bare the unpreparedness of global and public health systems to respond to large-scale health crises, while simultaneously revealing the entangled nature of disinformation and poor global and public health outcomes. This research challenges the common treatment of public health disinformation - deliberately false information - as an emergent and technical threat, and instead situates it as a more systemic and nuanced challenge for global health governance to address. This article presents an integrative narrative literature review on the interlinkages between public health disinformation, conflict, and disease outbreaks, demonstrating mutually influencing connections between them. In doing so, the analysis raises critical questions around how reactive responses, such as doubling down on information authority, can paradoxically fuel the uptake of both disinformation especially amidst global trends towards increasing conflict and decreasing cooperation. In this evolving sociopolitical landscape for global health, the discussion explores the potential to harness health diplomacy to strengthen critical public engagement and deliberation. This reimagined approach to health diplomacy offers pathways to mitigate the harmful effects of disinformation rather than seeking to eliminate false information. This article contributes to deepening an understanding of this rapidly expanding topic for global and public health in two pathways. First, by investigating the root causes and impacts of public health disinformation that intersect with conflict. Second, by exploring how health diplomacy can foster cooperative global health governance through transparency and inclusion. This research offers a new direction to strengthen preparedness for future global and public health crises amidst disinformation.},
}

Humans
*Global Health
*Disease Outbreaks
*Public Health
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Diplomacy
Pandemics
SARS-CoV-2
International Cooperation

@article {pmid40984753,
year = {2025},
author = {Denman, DS and Dalhaimer, P},
title = {The curious case of anti-PEG antibodies.},
journal = {Nanoscale},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1039/d5nr02301g},
pmid = {40984753},
issn = {2040-3372},
abstract = {The components of nanoparticles can trigger the production of antibodies in patients and in model mammals such as mice. We focus on antibodies made against poly-ethylene-glycol (PEG), the most common polymer component of nanoparticles. Humans are frequently exposed to free PEG in processed foods, cosmetics, and over-the-counter drugs. These PEG-containing products trigger varying amounts of anti-PEG antibody production in consumers. In addition to consumer product usage, human exposure to PEG was greatly increased when millions were vaccinated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine nanoparticles, which contained a PEGylated lipid. Thus, the chances of humans having anti-PEG antibodies is high and the ramifications of the presence of such antibodies must be addressed. The resulting antibodies could bind and negatively affect PEG-containing nanoparticles that are subsequently administered to patients. For example, a patient administered the PEGylated liposome DOXIL could have "pre-existing" anti-PEG antibodies from cosmetic products. The anti-PEG antibodies could bind the PEG component of DOXIL and take it to professional phagocytes. This would greatly reduce its ability to localize to cancer cells. In this review, we discuss the possible mechanisms by which PEG could generate immunoglobulin M (IgM) and how PEG could trigger a stronger and more mechanistically complex immunoglobulin G (IgG) response. We assess PEG-antibody binding. We discuss the various mechanisms by which PEG-containing nanoparticles may bind immune cells. We address gaps in our knowledge of the mechanisms of anti-PEG antibody formation. We discuss strategies for determining whether PEG triggers antibody production and how strong the antibody will interact with the PEG.},
}

@article {pmid40984136,
year = {2025},
author = {Francis, Y and Lantry, FJ and Echeverry, M and Siddiq, M},
title = {Effective Countermeasures to Health Misinformation and Disinformation for Global Health Engagement Practitioners: A Rapid Review.},
journal = {Military medicine},
volume = {190},
number = {Supplement_2},
pages = {478-482},
doi = {10.1093/milmed/usaf237},
pmid = {40984136},
issn = {1930-613X},
support = {HU00012420029//Assistant Secretary of Defense, Health Affairs/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Global Health/education ; COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology/prevention & control ; *Communication ; *Disinformation ; United States ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Awareness and education about the risks posed by health misinformation and disinformation (mis/dis) to the U.S. Department of Defense's (DoD) health-related activities are currently insufficient, highlighting the need for effective counterstrategies. This issue became particularly evident during the COVID-19 pandemic, affecting U.S. DoD Global Health Engagement (GHE) activities. It is also increasingly significant as Combatant Commands expand their DoD GHE and Global Health Security activities to align with strategic priorities.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: To address this gap, the Center for Global Health Engagement at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences conducted a rapid systematic review of literature on countering health mis/dis. The review examined English-language papers indexed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase from 2013 to 2023.

RESULTS: The rapid review revealed that while much of the literature on health mis/dis focuses on major institutional actors, there is a growing body of research on countermeasures designed for individuals. The most frequently studied strategy was debunking, which involves directly correcting false or misleading information. Other effective, though context-specific, strategies highlighted included prebunking, fact-checking, and health literacy training. Additionally, the review found that most existing studies focused on COVID-19, followed by childhood vaccines and vaccine hesitancy.

CONCLUSION: Debunking, prebunking, and health literacy strategies were identified as effective tools for addressing health-related mis/dis in the context of DoD GHE. Global Health Engagement practitioners and planners should be aware of these techniques and integrate them into their engagements and activities. However, there is no one-size-fits-all solution; the effectiveness of countering mis/dis depends heavily on the context in which the information is propagated. Further research is needed to develop educational materials on mis/dis countermeasures and to improve communication about the threats posed by health mis/dis within the GHE landscape.},
}

Humans
*Global Health/education
COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology/prevention & control
*Communication
*Disinformation
United States

@article {pmid40983473,
year = {2025},
author = {Kass-Gergi, S and Holcomb, NP and Maiden, MM and Eisenlohr, LC and Vaughan, AE},
title = {Scar Wars: The Viral Menace.},
journal = {American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1152/ajplung.00189.2025},
pmid = {40983473},
issn = {1522-1504},
abstract = {Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a severe consequence of respiratory infections, characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition and irreversible lung architectural damage. Once considered a rare condition, PF is now increasingly recognized in the wake of viral infections, particularly among survivors of viral-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted in bold relief the observation that many survivors of severe viral pneumonia do not recover fully but develop chronic fibrotic changes that impair lung function. This review examines the clinical evidence and underlying mechanisms linking viral infections-COVID-19, influenza, and other respiratory viruses-to the onset of pulmonary fibrosis. By probing the mechanisms of cellular injury, immune dysregulation, and aberrant repair mechanisms, we aim to illuminate the pathways that transform an acute viral insult into a chronic, fibrotic disease.},
}

@article {pmid40983056,
year = {2025},
author = {Yin, H and Zhang, PS and Chen, Y and Kong, BB and Zhang, CG and Wu, S},
title = {Death caused by transdermal ivermectin poisoning: A case report and literature review.},
journal = {The Journal of international medical research},
volume = {53},
number = {9},
pages = {3000605251377690},
pmid = {40983056},
issn = {1473-2300},
mesh = {Humans ; Administration, Cutaneous ; *Antiparasitic Agents/poisoning/administration & dosage ; COVID-19 ; *Drug Overdose ; Fatal Outcome ; *Ivermectin/poisoning/administration & dosage ; },
abstract = {Ivermectin is a classic antiparasitic drug that is widely used around the world. After the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019, many studies have reported the potential effectiveness of ivermectin against coronavirus disease 2019; however, it is not recommended by the World Health Organization because of insufficient evidence and significant adverse effects. Owing to the abovementioned findings, the number of reports of poisoning and other serious reactions caused by ivermectin abuse have increased in recent years. Notably, no previous cases of transdermal ivermectin poisoning with documented blood concentrations has been reported to date. We report a rare fatal case of ivermectin misuse with a review of recent literature. The patient suffered from ivermectin poisoning due to transdermal overdose. The patient's plasma concentration was 27 ng/mL. The main clinical manifestations were gastrointestinal symptoms in the early stage and diffuse cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension in the later stage. Despite active treatment, including hemoperfusion and cardiorespiratory support, the patient died. Many recent in vitro studies have shown that ivermectin has the potential to become a new anticancer drug. If clinical research proves its effectiveness against cancer, it may also lead to ivermectin overuse. This study aimed to raise awareness regarding ivermectin poisoning among clinicians and the public, thereby preventing drug abuse.},
}

Humans
Administration, Cutaneous
*Antiparasitic Agents/poisoning/administration & dosage
COVID-19
*Drug Overdose
Fatal Outcome
*Ivermectin/poisoning/administration & dosage

@article {pmid40982878,
year = {2025},
author = {Khairetdinov, O and Rubakova, L and Pavlova, M and Asatryan, E and Tavormina, G and Vlasov, A},
title = {APPLICATION OF TELEMEDICINE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS IN CHILDREN: A NARRATIVE REVIEW.},
journal = {Psychiatria Danubina},
volume = {37},
number = {Suppl 1},
pages = {85-90},
pmid = {40982878},
issn = {0353-5053},
mesh = {Humans ; *Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis ; *Telemedicine ; Child ; *COVID-19 ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The application of telemedicine technologies in providing psychiatric care to children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) became widespread during the COVID-19 pandemic. This review aims to describe the types, structure, and features of tools used for the remote diagnosis of ASDs in children, based on contemporary scientific literature and our own experience.

METHODS: We conducted a descriptive review of scientific studies published from January 2013 to December 2024. Works presented in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and eLibrary were analyzed. Descriptive analysis was used to summarize the obtained data.

RESULTS: The analysis convincingly demonstrates a sufficient representation of remote tools for screening, assessment scales, and structured diagnostic procedures for ASD across various countries, exhibiting high levels of specificity and sensitivity.

CONCLUSIONS: The use of telemedicine diagnostic methods in clinical practice contributes to the early detection of ASDs, potentially enhancing the timeliness and effectiveness of medical and correctional interventions.},
}

Humans
*Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis
*Telemedicine
Child
*COVID-19

@article {pmid40982817,
year = {2025},
author = {Litta, A and Vacca, A and Mino, MV and Franza, F and Pastore, F},
title = {PROMOTING ADOLESCENT MENTAL HEALTH THROUGH SCHOOL-BASED LITERACY INITIATIVES: BEYOND THE STIGMA.},
journal = {Psychiatria Danubina},
volume = {37},
number = {Suppl 1},
pages = {165-168},
pmid = {40982817},
issn = {0353-5053},
mesh = {Humans ; Adolescent ; *Health Literacy ; Male ; Female ; *Social Stigma ; Italy ; *Mental Health ; *COVID-19/psychology ; *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Pilot Projects ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; *School Health Services ; *Health Promotion/methods ; *Students/psychology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Adolescent mental health has become an increasingly urgent concern, particularly in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental Health Literacy (MHL) is emerging as a critical construct to promote psychological well-being, reduce stigma, and encourage the early recognition of psychological distress.

METHODS: This study presents baseline data from a school-based pilot initiative conducted in a secondary school in Southern Italy. The aim was to assess students' knowledge beliefs, and attitudes toward mental health prior to implementing targeted educational interventions. A total of 85 fifth-year students (mean age = 17.7 years) completed the Italian version of the Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire - short form (MHLq-short), administered anonymously via an online platform. Statistical analyses included descriptive measures and non-parametric tests to explore the association between MHL scores and familiarity with mental health problems.

RESULTS: Students who reported knowing someone with mental health issues exhibited a trend toward higher mental health literacy scores. In contrast, those who reported no such exposure or expressed uncertainty demonstrated lower average ranks, possibly reflecting limited awareness or emotional disengagement.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the potential role of personal experience in shaping mental health literacy and reinforce the need for structured, school-based interventions. To our knowledge, this study represents the first application of the MHLq-short in Italy and supports its feasibility in identifying literacy gaps among adolescents. Future initiatives could aim to replicate and scale this model across diverse educational settings and inform national strategies to integrate MHL into school curricula.},
}

Humans
Adolescent
*Health Literacy
Male
Female
*Social Stigma
Italy
*Mental Health
*COVID-19/psychology
*Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
Pilot Projects
Surveys and Questionnaires
*School Health Services
*Health Promotion/methods
*Students/psychology

@article {pmid40981424,
year = {2025},
author = {Westhoven, S and Bertzbach, LD and Kloehn, M and Mahncke, C and Heinen, N and Brown, RJP and Pfaender, S},
title = {From zoonotic spillover to endemicity: the broad determinants of human coronavirus tropism.},
journal = {mBio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0243725},
doi = {10.1128/mbio.02437-25},
pmid = {40981424},
issn = {2150-7511},
abstract = {Given the recurring threat of coronavirus outbreaks, understanding the specificity of coronaviruses in terms of their host, tissue, and cell tropism is crucial. This review consolidates and critically assesses the current literature on the tropism of endemic, epidemic, and pandemic coronaviruses. We explore different levels of tropism, including species tropism (virus preference for specific host species), host cell tropism (virus specificity for particular cell types), and tissue tropism (specificity for certain tissues or organs). This review compiles extensive basic research, particularly from recent years, to provide critical insights into the viral mechanisms that are key to improving future pandemic preparedness.},
}

@article {pmid40980513,
year = {2025},
author = {Pettemeridou, E and Loizidou, M and Trajkovic, J and Constantinou, M and De Smet, S and Baeken, C and Sack, AT and Williams, SCR and Constantinidou, F},
title = {Cognitive and Psychological Symptoms in Post-COVID-19 Condition: A Systematic Review of Structural and Functional Neuroimaging, Neurophysiology, and Intervention Studies.},
journal = {Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {100461},
pmid = {40980513},
issn = {2590-1095},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate the structural, functional, and neurophysiological brain changes associated with post-COVID-19 condition (PCC)-related cognitive and psychological issues and evaluate the efficacy of noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) and cognitive rehabilitation interventions.

DATA SOURCES: Electronic databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase, were systematically searched for articles published before February 1, 2025, using terms such as "post-COVID-19 condition," "cognitive dysfunction," "brain changes," "noninvasive brain stimulation," and "cognitive rehabilitation." Language was restricted to English, and only studies involving human participants were included.

STUDY SELECTION: Studies with human participants aged ≥18 years diagnosed with PCC, employing magnetic resonance imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and electroencephalography, and interventions such as NIBS and cognitive rehabilitation were included. Articles were selected through independent review by multiple authors, with consensus resolving discrepancies. Of the 123 studies initially identified, 78 met the inclusion criteria.

DATA EXTRACTION: Data on participant demographics, methodologies, neurophysiological changes, and intervention outcomes were extracted by 2 independent reviewers using predefined guidelines. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Critical Appraisal Skills Program tools.

DATA SYNTHESIS: Seventy-eight studies with over 5900 participants met the inclusion criteria. Significant cognitive impairments were observed in attention, executive function, and memory (N=78). Key findings included mixed evidence of gray matter (N=16) and white matter volume changes (N=20), cortical thickness alterations (N=9), variations in functional connectivity (N=14), electrophysiology (N=9), and blood flow (N=8). NIBS, including transcranial magnetic stimulation (N=8) and transcranial direct current stimulation (N=2), showed potential benefits for managing depression and cognitive impairments. Although cognitive rehabilitation (N=3) showed promise, it requires further investigation.

CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights the complex neurologic underpinnings of PCC and the potential of NIBS and cognitive rehabilitation as interventions. Further research is essential to refine these interventions and establish evidence-based strategies for addressing long-term cognitive and psychological effects of PCC.},
}

@article {pmid40980413,
year = {2025},
author = {Ifeanyi, C and Okechukwu, E and Tosin, O and Hyacinth, I and Ataguba, JE and Muriithi, GN and Achala, DM and Adote, ENA and Mbachu, CO and Beshah, SA and Nwosu, CO and Tlhakanelo, JT and Akazili, J and Masuka, N},
title = {Assessing the determinants of uptake and hesitancy in accessing COVID 19 vaccines in Nigeria: a scoping review.},
journal = {Frontiers in health services},
volume = {5},
number = {},
pages = {1609418},
pmid = {40980413},
issn = {2813-0146},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is one of the largest public health threats in recent times, with significant health, economic, and social consequences globally. The WHO reported that over 651 million cases and 6.6 million deaths were attributed to COVID-19 globally. The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) in 2022 revealed that 266,057 cases with 3,155 deaths were reported. All the thirty-six states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Nigeria were affected, but Lagos and the FCT reported the highest number of cases. However, it is possible that these numbers do not accurately reflect the severity of COVID-19 disease in Nigeria because the country had only tested 5,160,280 people as at 2022, despite a population of around 200 million. Nigeria did not meet its 2021 vaccination target, prompting the need to identify the contextual factors affecting vaccine access and uptake as well as vaccine hesitancy in Nigeria and document the approaches that can be deployed to reduce opposition to vaccination as well as improve advocacy for vaccine equity. This scoping review, conducted using Arksey and O'Malley's framework, aimed to explore the factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and uptake in Nigeria. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across electronic databases, including Google Scholar and PubMed, with studies from Nigeria published in English. The review included 25 studies on vaccine hesitancy, uptake, and willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccination, identifying barriers at the national, community, and individual levels. The results indicated that 90% of the studies showed low vaccine acceptance and uptake, with barriers related to vaccine availability, misinformation, cultural and religious influences, socioeconomic factors, and lack of trust in the health system. Socio-demographic factors such as gender, age, education, and income were identified as key influences. The findings highlight the need for targeted, evidence-based strategies to address vaccine hesitancy, improve vaccine distribution, and engage diverse population groups to enhance vaccination uptake across Nigeria.},
}

@article {pmid40980411,
year = {2025},
author = {Beshah, SA and Adem, JB and Degefa, MB and Ayalew, M and Lakew, Y and Garoma, S and Adote, ENA and Achala, DM and Muriithi, GN and Mbachu, CO and Akazili, J and Ifeanyi, C and Zegeye, EA and Nwosu, CO and Ataguba, JE},
title = {COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Ethiopia: a scoping review for equitable vaccine access.},
journal = {Frontiers in health services},
volume = {5},
number = {},
pages = {1609752},
pmid = {40980411},
issn = {2813-0146},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 vaccines are crucial for preventing severe illness from the virus. Despite their effectiveness; vaccine hesitancy, unequal access, and economic disparities hinder vaccination programs across Africa, posing significant challenges in Ethiopia.

METHOD: This scoping review followed the methodological guidelines outlined in the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's and employed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses - Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist and explanation to ensure transparency. To analyze the data, we developed tailored search strategies for key databases [HINARI, PubMed, Cochrane, African Journals Online (AJOL), and Science Direct] and gray literature sources. These strategies combined controlled vocabulary and relevant keywords. A descriptive thematic analysis was then employed to identify and categorize the various findings within the included studies. The results are presented in a narrative format, summarizing the key themes and providing a clear and comprehensive overview of the current evidence base.

RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: A review of 34 Ethiopian studies revealed significant COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, with rates exceeding 50% in over 40% of the studies. The lowest hesitancy was found in adults from Addis Ababa (19.1%), while the highest rates were seen among healthcare workers in Oromia (69.7%) and pregnant women in Southwest Ethiopia (68.8%). Factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy in Ethiopia include being female, having only primary education, residing in rural areas, younger age, limited knowledge about the vaccine, reduced trust in authorities, and misperceptions about the risk of the virus. To address this challenge effectively, policymakers should prioritize interventions that build public trust, enhance awareness of the vaccine's benefits, and counter misinformation.},
}

@article {pmid40978734,
year = {2025},
author = {Bravo, FJ and Mena, J and Mejía Reyes, Á and Schäfer, C and Núñez-Rojas, N and Blamey-Fredes, C and Acuña-Castillo, C and Barrera-Avalos, C},
title = {The impact of Panx1 on inflammation, immunity, and cancer: a comprehensive review.},
journal = {Frontiers in medicine},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1572418},
pmid = {40978734},
issn = {2296-858X},
abstract = {Pannexin 1 (Panx1) is a widely expressed membrane channel that regulates ATP release and purinergic signaling, playing essential roles in inflammation, immunity, and tumor progression. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of its structure, activation mechanisms, and its functional relevance in both innate and adaptive immunity. Panx1 has been implicated in inflammasome activation, neutrophil and dendritic cell regulation, and modulation of immune responses against infections, including SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, Panx1 plays a dual role in tumor progression, acting either as a promoter or a suppressor depending on the cellular and microenvironmental context. Pharmacological inhibition of Panx1 has shown therapeutic benefits in preclinical models of inflammatory, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases, establishing it as a promising and versatile therapeutic target. This review underscores the need for further research into Panx1's molecular mechanisms and the development of targeted interventions to effectively address inflammatory and autoimmune diseases with precision and efficacy.},
}

@article {pmid40977695,
year = {2025},
author = {Lee, SM and Kim, EH},
title = {The role of cell death pathways in respiratory viral infection and vaccination: two sides of the same coin.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1650960},
pmid = {40977695},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *Cell Death/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology/prevention & control ; Immunity, Innate ; Vaccination ; Animals ; *Influenza, Human/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Alarmins/immunology ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/immunology ; Signal Transduction ; Virus Diseases/immunology ; },
abstract = {Cell death pathways play contrasting roles in physiological processes such as responses to viral infections and vaccinations, potentially exerting either detrimental or beneficial effects. On one hand, uncontrolled cell death accompanied by the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) can lead to excessive inflammation and tissue damage. On the other hand, when properly regulated, these processes help establish an immunocompetent environment by activating innate immunity, which in turn stimulate antiviral immune responses. These mechanisms have emerged as promising targets for the development of effective antiviral therapeutics, immunotherapies, and vaccines. Recent advances have elucidated key aspects of cell death and DAMP pathways, highlighting their association with upstream viral sensors, their capacity to regulate immune responses, and their potential as therapeutic targets in the context of respiratory viral infections such as influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of cell death and DAMP pathways, focusing on their roles in antiviral immunity and pathogenesis of respiratory viral infections, and vaccine immunogenicity.},
}

Humans
*Cell Death/immunology
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*COVID-19/immunology/prevention & control
Immunity, Innate
Vaccination
Animals
*Influenza, Human/immunology
*COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
Alarmins/immunology
*Respiratory Tract Infections/immunology
Signal Transduction
Virus Diseases/immunology

@article {pmid40976713,
year = {2025},
author = {Leon-Icaza, SA and Vergé, R and Mazars, R and Berry, L and Cougoule, C},
title = {Lung organoids as a human system for Mycobacteria infection modeling and drug testing.},
journal = {The FEBS journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/febs.70265},
pmid = {40976713},
issn = {1742-4658},
support = {RF20210502852/1/1/48//Association Grégory Lemarchal/ ; RF20230503250//Association Grégory Lemarchal/ ; 101080462//HORIZON EUROPE Health/ ; 21402; AO 2021-2 CSS 11//Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les Hépatites Virales/ ; RF20210502852/1/1/48//Association Vaincre la Mucoviscidose/ ; RF20230503250//Association Vaincre la Mucoviscidose/ ; },
abstract = {Mycobacterial infections remain a global public health challenge. Each year, high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide are a consequence of chronic respiratory infections due to Mycobacteria. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2023, 10.8 million individuals fell ill with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), resulting in an estimated 1.25 million deaths. This positions tuberculosis (TB) as the leading cause of death from a single pathogen worldwide after the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. On the other hand, the cases of people affected by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have risen globally, but the precise incidence and prevalence of both pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease remain unknown. In Europe, nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary diseases affect between 0.2 and 2.9 per 100 000 individuals, mainly patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF bronchiectasis. The diagnosis and treatment of mycobacterial infections are challenging and complex, frequently requiring long-duration treatments with several antibiotics, which in most cases leads to poor patient outcomes. As the role of immune cells has been extensively assessed, in this Review, we summarize the current knowledge about the contribution of epithelial cells in the early steps of Mycobacteria infections. Additionally, we describe how human lung organoid technology provides new tools to better understand host-Mycobacteria interactions in the airways and test new therapeutic targets.},
}

@article {pmid40976415,
year = {2025},
author = {Kang, J and Lee, KR and Choi, IY and Lee, D and Chang, H and Kim, M},
title = {A Systematic Review of Knowledge Assessment Instruments for Isolation Precautions Among Healthcare Personnel.},
journal = {American journal of infection control},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ajic.2025.09.010},
pmid = {40976415},
issn = {1527-3296},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Healthcare personnel (HCP) knowledge of isolation precautions (IPs) is essential for preventing healthcare-associated infections. HCP adherence to IP guidelines remains suboptimal worldwide, often due to knowledge gaps. Post-COVID-19 challenges highlight the need for standardized tools. This study systematically reviews IP knowledge instruments.

METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, five databases were searched for studies published between 2007 and 2024. Eligible studies used instruments with more than 10 items covering CDC-recommended domains. Instruments were evaluated for content coverage, psychometric properties, and methodological quality.

RESULTS: Twenty-seven studies met inclusion criteria. All instruments assessed standard precautions, while transmission-based precautions and fundamental elements were underrepresented. A total of 608 items were identified, most focusing on personal protective equipment and hand hygiene. Response formats and scoring systems varied widely, with inconsistent benchmarks. Knowledge of transmission-based precautions was consistently lower than standard precautions. Only 14 studies (51.9%) reported both validity and reliability, indicating limited psychometric rigor. Few studies were high quality, though those published after 2020 showed modest improvement.

CONCLUSIONS: Current HCP IP knowledge instruments show significant variation, incomplete scope, and limited validation. Standardized tools with balanced coverage and stronger psychometric evaluation are needed to support education, enable comparability, and guide interventions in diverse healthcare settings.},
}

@article {pmid40975587,
year = {2025},
author = {Sinha, SS and Bari, S and Tripathi, P and Kant, S and Tripathi, SM},
title = {Neuropsychiatric manifestations of long COVID.},
journal = {The Indian journal of tuberculosis},
volume = {72},
number = {4},
pages = {532-536},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijtb.2025.02.020},
pmid = {40975587},
issn = {0019-5707},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; *Mental Disorders/etiology ; *Nervous System Diseases/etiology ; },
abstract = {In 2019 after the COVID-19 outbreak, a subset of patients was observed to be experiencing unusual symptoms and prolonged illness following SARS-CoV-2 infection and were labeled as "Long-haulers". Various terms like Long COVID, and Post-COVID-19 Conditions (PCC) were used to describe symptoms extending four weeks or more. Long COVID encompasses a range of persistent symptoms with a multisystemic nature, exhibiting a relapsing-remitting pattern. Various theories explaining Long COVID such as direct neuro-invasion, systemic effects of the virus, and neuroimmune dysregulation have been suggested. Clinical manifestations of Long COVID include diverse symptoms with fatigue, dyspnea, and cognitive impairment being common symptoms reported. Neurological manifestations are more prevalent in severe COVID-19 cases. Non-specific neurological manifestations include loss of taste and smell while specific neurological manifestations include hemiplegia and large artery ischemic stroke. COVID-19 medications may also cause neurological symptoms. Psychiatric manifestations include depression, anxiety, panic disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), psychosis, and cognitive symptoms such as attention and executive function deficits. Psychological symptoms vary among different social groups like frontline health workers, young individuals, and the elderly. Social isolation exerts a substantial impact on the psychological presentations of Long COVID through mechanisms such as Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis (HPA) hyperactivation, epigenetic modifications, increased steroid concentrations, immune system suppression, and reactivation of latent infections. Conclusively, neuroimmune dysregulation, social isolation and associated factors serve as the link between SARS-CoV-2 virus, long COVID and its neuropsychiatric manifestations.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/psychology/complications
SARS-CoV-2
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
*Mental Disorders/etiology
*Nervous System Diseases/etiology

@article {pmid40974857,
year = {2025},
author = {Gajecki, D and Kiczak, L and Majda, J and Banasiak, W and Doroszko, A},
title = {Unravelling Thymidine phosphorylase: Mechanisms and multifunctional impact on cardiovascular system - from bench to bedside.},
journal = {Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie},
volume = {192},
number = {},
pages = {118577},
doi = {10.1016/j.biopha.2025.118577},
pmid = {40974857},
issn = {1950-6007},
abstract = {Thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP) is a multifunctional enzyme responsible for pyrimidine metabolism. Interestingly, its impact extends beyond that function. This review aims at summarising the role of TYMP in different biological processes, with particular attention paid to the cardiovascular system. TYMP regulates platelet activation and, within the vascular wall, promotes cell migration by modulating focal adhesion. Moreover, it affects cellular defence mechanisms activated under oxidative stress, thereby preventing vascular injury. Additionally, by modulating several pivotal signalling cascades, TYMP promotes tumour growth, and exerts anti-apoptotic action. Furthermore, the TYMP activation status correlates with outcomes of pharmacological treatment during chemotherapy with microtubule-interfering agents. TYMP is also expressed in the central nervous system, where it regulates transmembrane proteins essential in maintaining the blood-brain barrier. The thoroughly described pathophysiological basis of TYMP activity corresponds with the pathological mechanisms of numerous disorders. Modulating its actions may serve as an attractive novel therapeutic target in: the COVID-19-associated thrombotic complications, resistance to myocardial infarction-associated cardiomyocyte damage, aneurysm development, atherosclerosis progression, and neurological diseases, including stroke.},
}

@article {pmid40973410,
year = {2025},
author = {Mehra, R and Thakur, S},
title = {The structure-based approaches to computing viral fitness.},
journal = {Advances in protein chemistry and structural biology},
volume = {147},
number = {},
pages = {461-498},
doi = {10.1016/bs.apcsb.2024.11.004},
pmid = {40973410},
issn = {1876-1631},
mesh = {Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics/chemistry ; *Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Mutation ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/chemistry/metabolism/genetics ; },
abstract = {Viral fitness presents a complex challenge that requires a deep understanding of evolution and selection pressures. The swift emergence of mutations in viruses makes them ideal models for studying evolutionary dynamics. Recent advancements in biophysical methods and structural biology have facilitated insights into how these mutations influence evolutionary trajectories at the structural level. Computationally guided structural techniques are particularly valuable for analyzing the mutational landscape across all possible mutations in viral proteins under selection pressure. The virus often interacts via the receptor binding domain (RBD) of its surface protein with the receptor protein of the host cell. This binding is a key step for the viral entry in host cell and infection. In response, the host immune response or vaccines generate antibodies to neutralize the virus particles. This creates a competitive scenario where the viral surface protein competes for binding between host cell receptor and antibodies. The viral mutations supposedly evolve to effectively bind to host receptors while evading the antibody recognition. The differential binding affinity of the viral surface protein, preferably via RBD, between host receptor and antibodies may aid in defining the molecular level viral fitness function. The present chapter explores these dynamics through the lens of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein, binding to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and circulating antibodies. Interestingly, this strategy utilized the wealth of protein structural data from cryo-electron microscopy and biochemical data on mutations.},
}

Humans
*SARS-CoV-2/genetics/chemistry
*Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
Mutation
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/chemistry/metabolism/genetics

@article {pmid40972736,
year = {2025},
author = {Kumar, R and Maji, S and Tiwari, S and Misra, J and Gupta, J and Kumar, N and Gupta, R and Jha, NK},
title = {Precision vaccine design targeting the prefusion state of viral glycoproteins: advances in structural vaccinology.},
journal = {Biochemical pharmacology},
volume = {242},
number = {Pt 2},
pages = {117349},
doi = {10.1016/j.bcp.2025.117349},
pmid = {40972736},
issn = {1873-2968},
abstract = {The prefusion conformation of viral glycoproteins is a key target for vaccine development because it can induce strong neutralizing antibody responses. Nevertheless, these structures are frequently metastable and susceptible to conformational alterations that diminish immunogenic efficacy. Progress in structural vaccinology has facilitated the meticulous design of viral proteins to maintain their prefusion conformation, thus improving vaccination effectiveness. This study emphasizes essential methodologies in precision vaccine design focused on preserving the structural integrity, solubility, and immunogenicity of viral glycoproteins. Methods include cavity-filling mutations, proline insertions, and disulfide bond engineering have demonstrated efficacy in enhancing structural stiffness and inhibiting unwanted post-fusion rearrangements. Hydrophobic surface residues are frequently substituted with polar or charged residues to boost solubility and minimize aggregation, while the development of salt bridges and helix-stabilizing substitutions further augment heat stability. The removal of proteolytic cleavage sites and the enhancement of hydrophobic core packing facilitate sustained conformational integrity. Alterations to the fusion peptide, an essential conserved area for viral entry, can inhibit early conformational changes, whereas charge-balancing alterations mitigate electrostatic stress. Glycan shielding conceals non-neutralizing or immunodominant epitopes, steering immune reactions towards conserved, protective areas. Collectively, these structure-guided interventions constitute a thorough molecular toolset, facilitating the creation of prefusion-stabilized immunogens for advanced vaccines. Successfully implemented in vaccine candidates for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), these methodologies establish a solid basis for the swift and logical generation of vaccines against emerging viral threats.},
}

@article {pmid40971749,
year = {2025},
author = {Juan Ribelles, A and Felix, A and Benavent, N and Escrivá-Fernández, J and Brahmi, M and Gaspar, N and Gatz, SA and Grünewald, T and Linder-Stragliotto, C and Palmerini, E and Pantziarka, P and Strauss, S and Surdez, D and Berlanga, P and McCabe, MG},
title = {Recurrent and Refractory Ewing Sarcoma Phase I/II Trials: Current Perspective From the Euro-Ewing Consortium.},
journal = {JCO precision oncology},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {e2500377},
doi = {10.1200/PO-25-00377},
pmid = {40971749},
issn = {2473-4284},
mesh = {Humans ; *Sarcoma, Ewing/therapy ; Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic ; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic ; *Bone Neoplasms/therapy ; *Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy ; Europe ; Immunotherapy ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Updated analysis of phase I/II trials in recurrent/refractory (R/R) Ewing sarcoma (EwS) over the past 11 years.

METHODS: A systematic review was performed to identify phase I/II trials for R/R EwS in three databases (WHO, US National Library of Medicine, and European Clinical Trials Database) and/or published in PubMed/ASCO/European Society for Medical Oncology websites from 2014 to 2024. The search criteria included EwS OR bone sarcoma OR sarcoma AND Phase-I OR Phase-II. Eligibility and data extraction were performed independently by three reviewers, with priority given to trials with EwS specified data. Trials were categorized by therapeutic intervention, including targeted therapies, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and combined therapies.

RESULTS: One hundred eight trials met inclusion criteria, predominantly academic (70%) and multicenter (81.5%), with significant US and European collaboration. Trial designs were mainly single-arm, with an increase in multiarm trials in the recent years and increased focus on the pediatric population. Trial modalities emphasized targeted therapies with tyrosine kinase, poly-ADP ribose polymerase, EWSR1::FLI1, and cell cycle inhibitors. Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies and CAR-T cells as primary agents is also under investigation. The COVID-19 pandemic coincided with a marked reduction in trial initiation in 2020. Among evaluable data, disease control rates averaged 44% and response rates 8%.

CONCLUSION: This review highlights evolving therapeutic directions in R/R EwS, with increased emphasis on targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Despite pandemic-related delays, trials have progressed in exploring novel targets, including EWSR1::FLI1 oncogenic fusion and DNA repair pathways. These findings underscore ongoing global efforts to address critical unmet needs in EwS treatment, offering a foundation for future trial designs, especially international, randomized phase-II trials across all age ranges.},
}

Humans
*Sarcoma, Ewing/therapy
Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic
Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic
*Bone Neoplasms/therapy
*Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy
Europe
Immunotherapy

@article {pmid40971252,
year = {2025},
author = {Shahiwala, A},
title = {Integrating the Design Thinking Approach into Pharmaceutical Product Development: Emphasizing Nanomedicine Innovation.},
journal = {Drug development and industrial pharmacy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-16},
doi = {10.1080/03639045.2025.2563633},
pmid = {40971252},
issn = {1520-5762},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To perform a narrative review that critically examines the application of design thinking (DT) in pharmaceutical product development, with emphasis on its role in advancing nanomedicine innovation and patient-centric drug design.

SIGNIFICANCE OF REVIEW: DT offers a human-centered, iterative alternative to the traditional linear R&D model. Its integration into pharmaceutical development addresses challenges such as high attrition rates, limited patient input, regulatory complexity, and scalability, thereby improving translational success. This review adopts a conceptual and narrative approach, analyzing the five stages of DT, Empathize, Define, Ideate, Prototype, and Test, within the context of pharmaceutical development.

KEY FINDINGS: The application of design thinking fosters tangible benefits in pharmaceutical innovation, including empathy-driven product design, targeted problem framing, and iterative prototyping aligned with user and regulatory needs. Case studies such as Doxil®, ABRAXANE®, and mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines illustrate established successes, while emerging examples, including CRISPR-based therapeutics and extracellular vesicle nanocarriers, underscore the forward-looking potential of this methodology. Together, these examples highlight how design thinking accelerates development timelines, mitigates risk, and enhances patient and regulatory alignment.

CONCLUSIONS: Integrating design thinking into pharmaceutical product development enhances innovation by fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, reducing costs, and increasing the likelihood of successful translation to market. Its strategic application in nanomedicine provides a transformative pathway for next-generation therapies that are safer, more effective, and aligned with patient expectations and evolving regulatory frameworks.},
}

@article {pmid40970676,
year = {2025},
author = {Reilly, JJ and Glendenning, L and Govan, L},
title = {Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on motor competence in children and adolescents: A systematic review.},
journal = {Journal of sports sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-12},
doi = {10.1080/02640414.2025.2555122},
pmid = {40970676},
issn = {1466-447X},
abstract = {This systematic review aimed to investigate COVID-19 impacts on motor competence (MC) in children and adolescents. SportDiscus, APAPsycInfo, CINAHL, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Medline were searched in November 2024. Studies were included if they were in English; from 2015; measured actual MC pre and post COVID-19; in apparently healthy 3- to 19-year olds. Risk of bias assessment used the Effective Public Health Practice Project instrument. Eligible studies were synthesised narratively due to heterogeneity, and with Vote Counting to assess pre-post COVID-19 trend. Of the 568 studies, 278,536 participants, mean ages 5-11 years, took part in 11 eligible studies (4 longitudinal, 7 cross sectional): from Europe (7), Asia (2) and South America (2). Ten studies found a reduction in MC following the pandemic (Sign Test p = 0.01) with declines in: stability (one study, effect size, ES -0.30), locomotor domain (6 studies, ES -0.10 to -0.53), object control (3 studies, ES -0.07 to -0.25), composite MC (one study ES -0.65 in boys to -0.88 in girls). Seven studies were rated weak for selection bias, 8 for attrition and 6 for data collection methods. MC declined post-pandemic but there is a need for more global evidence. Funding: Scottish Funding Council. PROSPERO CRD42023467766.},
}

@article {pmid40970030,
year = {2025},
author = {Hughes, B and Mirza, S and Ponamala, M and Sagaser, J and Paredes, R and Hematillake, N and Tailor, C and Khan, R and Pemminati, S},
title = {Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Ketamine and Psilocybin in Comparison to Current Treatment Regimens for Treatment-Resistant Depression, Mood Disorders, and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in the Pediatric Population: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {8},
pages = {e90425},
pmid = {40970030},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {The stresses of the Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighted the burden of psychiatric disorders within the pediatric population, revealing a pre-existing need for rapid-onset therapies that have since driven efforts to expand effective therapeutic interventions. In this narrative review, we utilized the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines to direct our report and study selection. We explored the current-state efficacy and therapeutic potential of ketamine and psilocybin in comparison to current treatment regimens for pediatric non-psychotic disorders, including Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD), mood disorders like anxiety and bipolar disorder, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). We chose these pediatric disorders to eliminate concerns regarding reality orientation and the use of dissociative and/or psychedelic medicines in patients who are experiencing symptoms of psychosis. Also, we briefly discuss ketamine's more widely accepted utilization by medical providers as a pediatric anesthetic, and how this gives credence to further evaluation of ketamine's multifaceted indications in pediatric psychiatry. Recent studies have shed light on the involvement of glutamate pathways in the pathophysiology of TRD, mood disorders, and PTSD, and both ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, and psilocybin, a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (5-HT2A) agonist, have emerged as promising options due to their ability to augment glutamate release. Ketamine's use for pediatric TRD demonstrated rapid-onset relief for signs and symptoms of depression in children and adolescents, and psilocybin also decreased symptoms in patients with longstanding or refractory depression. Ketamine has been well tolerated and exhibited symptom improvements for youth with mood disorders such as anxiety and bipolar depression, while psilocybin showed promise in fostering emotional processing. In youth suffering from PTSD, ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) brought about decreases in PTSD symptom severity, though outcomes varied across populations. Psilocybin enhanced neural plasticity, allowing patients to revisit and reframe memories under therapeutic guidance, especially for those with complex or treatment-resistant PTSD. Ethical considerations are involved in the use of dissociative and hallucinogenic therapies like ketamine and psilocybin in the pediatric population, and we explore some ethical issues regarding their use. Further research exploring specific brain locations and mechanisms of action underlying glutamate modulation by ketamine and psilocybin, and the subsequent rapid-acting relief of psychiatric symptoms offered by these substances, could pave the way for innovative treatments targeting pediatric mental health disorders.},
}

@article {pmid40969915,
year = {2025},
author = {Yuri, E and Chung, HY and Chen, FS},
title = {Reframing SpO2 tolerance as a physiological switch: implications for hypoxic adaptation and exercise regulation.},
journal = {Frontiers in physiology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1667238},
pmid = {40969915},
issn = {1664-042X},
abstract = {Blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) is a widely used oxygenation index in clinical and physiological settings. However, recent phenomena, such as asymptomatic hypoxia in COVID-19 and the superior performance of athletes in high-altitude conditions under hypoxia, have highlighted the significant variability in individual tolerance to blood oxygen saturation. Age, health status, disease, and hypoxic adaptation influence it. This brief review introduces the concept of the SpO2 switch as a dynamic. We also proposed a physiological compensatory response of SpO2 switch to SpO2 criticality that triggers compensatory responses, including ventilatory, autonomic, cardiovascular, and metabolic adaptations. Furthermore, individuals can exhibit markedly different responses to hypoxia at the same SpO2 value. It reflects a "threshold switch mechanism" driven by an individual's internal physiological settings. This suggests that the SpO2 value demonstrates the onset of hypoxia symptoms and reacts to the body's difference in compensatory capacity. This reconceptualisation shifts the focus from static thresholds to dynamic response analysis, offering new perspectives for precision health, mountain medicine, and personalised risk assessment of hypoxia.},
}

@article {pmid40969755,
year = {2025},
author = {Gupta, S and Hemeg, HA and Afrin, F},
title = {Immuno-epigenetic paradigms in coronavirus infection.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1596135},
pmid = {40969755},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *Epigenesis, Genetic/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology/physiology/genetics ; *COVID-19/immunology/genetics/virology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology/genetics ; Animals ; Virus Replication ; },
abstract = {Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel member of the Coronaviridae family. The viral genome encodes both structural proteins, such as spike, membrane, hemagglutinin, and envelope, as well as non-structural proteins that include auxiliary proteins and replicase essential for viral replication. While immunization campaigns have mitigated the spread of the virus, therapeutic interventions remain critical for managing outbreaks and preventing long-term health consequences. Despite extensive global research into the genome, structure, entry process, and replication mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2, key aspects such as the roles of membrane lipids in viral entry, packaging, and release, as well as the metabolic alterations in infected cells, remain poorly understood. Epigenetics, the study of heritable phenotypic changes driven by genetic and non-genetic factors, plays a pivotal role in shaping host responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Epigenetic modifications, such as histone methylation and acetylation, DNA and RNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNA regulation, significantly influence gene expression in infected host cells. These reversible changes orchestrate the host's antiviral responses and potentially alter susceptibility to COVID-19. This review delves into the immuno-epigenetic modifications occurring in hosts infected with SARS-CoV-2, providing insights into how these changes trigger viral replication and infection processes. By examining the current state of research on the immune-epigenetic landscape of SARS-CoV-2 infections, we highlight the mechanisms by which these modifications affect the host-viral interplay. Furthermore, we propose potential therapeutic targets within the immune-epigenetic pathways that could enhance ongoing efforts to combat COVID-19. Understanding these mechanisms will not only provide a deeper perspective on the virus's pathogenic strategies but also offer innovative approaches to improve therapeutic interventions. By addressing the gaps in knowledge surrounding immune-epigenetic factors, this review aims to contribute to the development of novel strategies for preventing and managing coronavirus infections and its variants.},
}

Humans
*Epigenesis, Genetic/immunology
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology/physiology/genetics
*COVID-19/immunology/genetics/virology
Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology/genetics
Animals
Virus Replication

@article {pmid40969583,
year = {2025},
author = {Astete-Cornejo, J and Burgos-Flores, MA and Cruz-Ausejo, L and Cainamarks-Alejandro, JA and Ambrosio-Melgarejo, JI and Rosales-Rimache, J},
title = {Implementation of occupational safety and health services and telehealth in Peru: a narrative review.},
journal = {Revista brasileira de medicina do trabalho : publicacao oficial da Associacao Nacional de Medicina do Trabalho-ANAMT},
volume = {23},
number = {2},
pages = {e20251405},
pmid = {40969583},
issn = {1679-4435},
abstract = {Although occupational health aims to protect the well-being of workers, challenges persist in workplaces, such as the provision of occupational safety and health services and the availability of occupational telehealth. This study's objective was to examine the implementation of occupational safety and health services and telehealth in Peru. A review was conducted of technical documents and regulations related to occupational safety and health services and occupational telehealth applicable to the Peruvian context. Forty percent of Peruvian workplaces lack occupational safety and health services, reflecting a similar issue across Latin America and Europe. Barriers such as corporate commitment and financing were identified. Occupational telehealth was utilized during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting its potential to strengthen occupational safety and health services. The lack of occupational safety and health services and occupational telehealth can be overcome through regulatory support, enforcement, and incentives for employers.},
}

@article {pmid40968958,
year = {2025},
author = {Muddaloor, P and Baraskar, B and Shah, H and Gopalakrishnan, K and Sood, D and Pasupuleti, PC and Singh, A and Mitra, D and Hoskote, SS and Iyer, VN and Helgeson, SA and Arunachalam, SP},
title = {The Human Voice as a Digital Health Solution Leveraging Artificial Intelligence.},
journal = {Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {25},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {40968958},
issn = {1424-8220},
mesh = {Humans ; *Artificial Intelligence ; *Voice/physiology ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; Machine Learning ; Neural Networks, Computer ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Digital Health ; },
abstract = {The human voice is an important medium of communication and expression of feelings or thoughts. Disruption in the regulatory systems of the human voice can be analyzed and used as a diagnostic tool, labeling voice as a potential "biomarker". Conversational artificial intelligence is at the core of voice-powered technologies, enabling intelligent interactions between machines. Due to its richness and availability, voice can be leveraged for predictive analytics and enhanced healthcare insights. Utilizing this idea, we reviewed artificial intelligence (AI) models that have executed vocal analysis and their outcomes. Recordings undergo extraction of useful vocal features to be analyzed by neural networks and machine learning models. Studies reveal machine learning models to be superior to spectral analysis in dynamically combining the huge amount of data of vocal features. Clinical applications of a vocal biomarker exist in neurological diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, psychological disorders, DM, CHF, CAD, aspiration, GERD, and pulmonary diseases, including COVID-19. The primary ethical challenge when incorporating voice as a diagnostic tool is that of privacy and security. To eliminate this, encryption methods exist to convert patient-identifiable vocal data into a more secure, private nature. Advancements in AI have expanded the capabilities and future potential of voice as a digital health solution.},
}

Humans
*Artificial Intelligence
*Voice/physiology
COVID-19/diagnosis
Machine Learning
Neural Networks, Computer
SARS-CoV-2
Digital Health

@article {pmid40968401,
year = {2025},
author = {Reinhardt, J and Linde, K and Kersting, A},
title = {Prevalence of posttraumatic stress symptoms among physicians - A meta-analysis.},
journal = {European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists},
volume = {68},
number = {1},
pages = {e132},
doi = {10.1192/j.eurpsy.2025.10084},
pmid = {40968401},
issn = {1778-3585},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; *Occupational Stress/epidemiology ; *Physicians/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; Prevalence ; *Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The medical profession is associated with high demands and occupational stressors - including confrontation with illness and death, extended work hours, and high workload - which may increase the risk of traumatization and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence on prevalence of PTSD among physicians and examine potential moderators, including the COVID-19 pandemic, specialties, and geographic regions.

METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, PsychINFO, and PubPsych up to April 2025. Included studies were English-language, peer-reviewed, observational studies, reporting PTSD prevalence in physicians, using validated instruments. Studies focusing on preselected PTSD cases or mixed healthcare samples were excluded. Data extraction included study methodology, measurement tools, geographic region, specialty, and survey timing (pre-/"post"-COVID). Risk of bias was assessed using the JBI critical appraisal checklist for prevalence studies. Quantitative synthesis and moderator analyses were performed. The review was registered with PROSPERO (ID CRD42023401984).

RESULTS: Based on 81 studies (N = 41,051), the pooled PTSD prevalence using a random-effects model was 14.9% (95% CI [0.132-0.168]). Prevalence estimates were lower in high-income (13.6%) compared to middle-income countries (21.1%) (p < 0.036). Studies employing brief screening tools (≤10 items) yielded significantly lower prevalence estimates (10.2%) than those using longer instruments (16.4%) (p < 0.027). No other significant moderators were identified.

CONCLUSION: PTSD prevalence among physicians is elevated relative to the general population, with notable variation across regions and measurement approaches. Future research should address gaps in representativeness and geographic coverage to improve prevalence estimates and guide prevention strategies.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology
*Occupational Stress/epidemiology
*Physicians/psychology/statistics & numerical data
Prevalence
*Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology

@article {pmid40966832,
year = {2025},
author = {Gochicoa-Rangel, L and Torre-Bouscoulet, L and Salles Rojas, A and Guzmán-Valderrábano, C and Esperanza Benítez-Pérez, R and Salas Escamilla, I and Monráz-Pérez, S and Manuel Grosso-Espinosa, J and , },
title = {Functional respiratory evaluation in the coronavirus disease-19 era: The role of pulmonary function test laboratories.},
journal = {Revista de investigacion clinica; organo del Hospital de Enfermedades de la Nutricion},
volume = {77},
number = {4},
pages = {100011},
doi = {10.24875/RIC.20000250},
pmid = {40966832},
issn = {0034-8376},
abstract = {The pandemic character of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) requires strategy changes designed to guarantee the safety of patients and health-care professionals. We are greatly concerned by the limitations in the operation of pulmonary function test (PFT) laboratories, since there is a high risk of disease progression in patients with chronic pulmonary diseases, and we are now faced by the influx of a new group of individuals in the recovery phase of post-COVID-19-syndrome that requires evaluation and follow-up of their respiratory function. To reestablish the operation of PFT laboratories limiting the risk of cross-contamination, we herein present the consensus reached by a group of experts in respiratory physiology, most of whom work in PFT laboratories in several Latin-American countries, on the applicable recommendations for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pneumonia survivors when undergoing PFT. We present the safety and hygiene measures that must be adopted in laboratories or centers where PFT is conducted in adults and/or children. These recommendations answer the following questions: which PFT is most recommended in subjects that have recovered from COVID-19; what quality control and safety measures should PFT laboratories implement during this pandemic? And how should we approach non-COVID-19 patients requiring PFT?},
}

@article {pmid40966450,
year = {2025},
author = {Bell, M and Krasnodembskaya, AD},
title = {Distal lung organoids derived from adult stem cells as novel tools in deciphering mechanisms of lung regeneration, infection, and cancer.},
journal = {Stem cells translational medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {40966450},
issn = {2157-6580},
mesh = {*Organoids/cytology/physiology/pathology ; Humans ; *Regeneration ; *Lung/physiology/pathology/cytology ; COVID-19/pathology ; *Adult Stem Cells/cytology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Lung Neoplasms/pathology ; Animals ; },
abstract = {While lung research has made great strides in understanding lung physiology, lung pathology still presents a major burden to patients and healthcare systems globally. To develop new effective therapeutics to improve lung regeneration, prevent spread of infections, or treat lung cancers, obscured fundamental processes of the lung must be dissected. Current understanding of lung cell cross talk has been limited due to a lack of accessible and representative models. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, many new foundational methodologies for distal organoid formation have been published, which eliminate difficulty in distal organoid longevity and donor cell extraction efficiency. This review describes how recent advances within distal lung organoid technology have been used to investigate lung regeneration, fibrosis, infection trafficking, personalized medicine, and mechanism of chronic lung pathology using donor cells. Additionally, the applicability of distal lung organoids to investigation of the roles of endothelium and previously unknown distal epithelial and mesenchymal cell populations is discussed. Finally, new techniques and methods for tackling current challenges within the field, such as integration of immune cells and vascularization of organoids are highlighted. This overview will therefore illustrate the potential of distal lung organoids to be tissue representative models, which will be crucial for evolving scientific knowledge of lung physiology.},
}

*Organoids/cytology/physiology/pathology
Humans
*Regeneration
*Lung/physiology/pathology/cytology
COVID-19/pathology
*Adult Stem Cells/cytology
SARS-CoV-2
*Lung Neoplasms/pathology
Animals

@article {pmid40966381,
year = {2025},
author = {Espitia Angel, JM and Agudelo-Pérez, S and Olarte Bermúdez, LM and Chaparro Rojas, DDP and Bonilla Herrera, SD and Gómez Merchán, M},
title = {Characterization of Omics Components in Human Milk: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Journal of mother and child},
volume = {29},
number = {1},
pages = {126-142},
pmid = {40966381},
issn = {2719-535X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Milk, Human/chemistry/metabolism ; Female ; Infant, Newborn ; Metabolomics ; Lactation/metabolism ; Proteomics ; Glycomics ; Metabolome ; COVID-19 ; Lipidomics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND/AIMS: The proteome, lipidome, glycome, and metabolome of human milk are critical for newborn nutrition and health, and offer personalised, non-pharmacological interventions. This systematic review aims to characterise the omics components of human milk according to maternal health and lactation phases, summarising current knowledge based on high-resolution analytical techniques.

METHODS: We conducted a systematic review according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The search was performed between August and September 2022 using Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, LILACS, and Web of Science. Observational studies that analysed human milk at any lactation stage using mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance to characterise nutrients, biomolecules, or bioactive compounds were included. In total, 55 full-text articles were included in this study.

RESULTS: Glycomics is the most frequently studied omics, followed by proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics. Analyses revealed that maternal comorbidities and lactation phases influence the composition of human milk. Fucosylated HMOs showed a protective role against infectious diseases, while elevated levels of protease inhibitors were found in milk from allergic mothers and elevated immunoglobulins were present in milk from mothers with COVID-19. Endocannabinoid profile is associated with improved neonatal sucking ability, while fatty acid-derived metabolites are correlated with infant growth. Distinct omics patterns have also been identified in mothers with diabetes, hypothyroidism, and obesity.

CONCLUSION: Understanding the omics profile of human milk can guide precise nutrition and improve human milk substitutes. Further research integrating omics data with maternal and infant outcomes will be essential to advance knowledge and support infant health.},
}

Humans
*Milk, Human/chemistry/metabolism
Female
Infant, Newborn
Metabolomics
Lactation/metabolism
Proteomics
Glycomics
Metabolome
COVID-19
Lipidomics

@article {pmid40965740,
year = {2025},
author = {Alhasan, MS and Alhasan, AS},
title = {Technical requirements and optimization strategies for home-based teleradiology workstations: a review article.},
journal = {Insights into imaging},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {198},
pmid = {40965740},
issn = {1869-4101},
abstract = {Teleradiology has advanced from an occasional modality to a cornerstone of modern radiology practice, with the COVID-19 pandemic catalyzing widespread adoption of home-based reading environments. This review synthesizes current literature and expert recommendations on hardware and software optimization for effective home-based teleradiology implementation. Available data indicate 65% of institutions established home workstations during the pandemic, with 74% transitioning routine daytime shifts to internal teleradiology. We reviewed key components of successful remote reading environments, including diagnostic display specifications, environmental controls, ergonomic considerations, computational infrastructure, and network architecture. Evidence suggests that properly configured remote workstations maintain diagnostic performance equivalent to hospital reading rooms while enhancing radiologist satisfaction and productivity. We found that 65% of radiologists reported reduced stress levels when working from home, and 96% observed similar or improved report turnaround times. Essential technical specifications include display luminance standards, ambient lighting levels between 25 and 75 lux, acoustic conditions below 40 decibels, and temperature control within 20-24 °C. Computational requirements include a minimum sustained bandwidth of 50-100 Mbps. We review multi-layered security architectures and workflow integration strategies supporting distributed reading environments. Our review concludes that properly implemented home-based teleradiology is a viable practice model extending specialized expertise across geographic boundaries while promoting radiologist well-being. However, knowledge gaps remain in technical standardization, regulatory harmonization, and long-term clinical outcomes, underscoring the need for further research to support confident, data-driven teleradiology implementation. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: This review critically evaluates the technical, ergonomic, and operational requirements for home-based teleradiology, offering evidence-based recommendations that address current practice gaps and support the development of sustainable, high-performance remote reading environments in modern clinical radiology. KEY POINTS: Home teleradiology maintains diagnostic quality while improving radiologist well-being; 65% report reduced stress and 96% show similar or improved report turnaround times. Optimal implementation requires medical-grade displays, a controlled environment (25-75 lux lighting), 50-100 Mbps bandwidth, and robust security measures. Standardization varies across jurisdictions; some countries have protocols, but gaps persist in cross-border teleradiology and long-term outcomes assessment.},
}

@article {pmid40964609,
year = {2025},
author = {Ibarz Pavon, AB and Clemens, J and Craviotto, A and Crump, JA and Garrett, DO and Gordon, MA and John, J and Keddy, KH and Laurens, MB and Liu, X and Marks, F and Pollard, AJ and Saha, S and Wilder-Smith, A},
title = {WHO preferred product characteristics for bivalent Salmonella Typhi/Paratyphi A vaccine for comprehensive protection against enteric fever- key considerations and research gaps.},
journal = {Gates open research},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {71},
pmid = {40964609},
issn = {2572-4754},
mesh = {Humans ; *Typhoid Fever/prevention & control/epidemiology ; *Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines/immunology ; *Paratyphoid Fever/prevention & control/epidemiology ; *Salmonella paratyphi A/immunology ; *Salmonella typhi/immunology ; World Health Organization ; Child, Preschool ; Evidence Gaps ; },
abstract = {In 2021, Salmonella Paratyphi A caused >2 million illnesses, resulting in >14,000 deaths, most of which occurred among children under 5 years of age in socioeconomically deprived populations. Both typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever occur in such areas, but paratyphoid fever is currently concentrated in South Asia. Typhoid conjugate vaccines are recommended for the control of enteric fever in typhoid-endemic settings; however, there are increasing demands for the development of vaccines that can address enteric fever more broadly by including protection against paratyphoid fever. The WHO preferred product characteristics (PPC) and a research and development (R&D) technology roadmap are normative documents developed with the guidance and contribution of a multidisciplinary expert group following a standard methodological framework. In this paper, we summarize the PPC and R&D roadmap presenting the key attributes for a bivalent Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Paratyphi A vaccine, and discuss the identified key research and data gaps needed to optimize vaccine value and to inform public health and policy decisions, with a particular focus in paratyphoid and enteric fever endemic countries.},
}

Humans
*Typhoid Fever/prevention & control/epidemiology
*Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines/immunology
*Paratyphoid Fever/prevention & control/epidemiology
*Salmonella paratyphi A/immunology
*Salmonella typhi/immunology
World Health Organization
Child, Preschool
Evidence Gaps

@article {pmid40964194,
year = {2025},
author = {Fetriani, U and Zakiawati, D},
title = {Viral Triggers Exposed: A Systematic Review of Virus-Induced Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.},
journal = {Journal of inflammation research},
volume = {18},
number = {},
pages = {12575-12588},
pmid = {40964194},
issn = {1178-7031},
abstract = {AIM: Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are severe skin conditions characterized by widespread epidermal necrolysis and mucous membrane involvement. SJS affects less than 10% of the body surface area, while TEN involves over 30%, with cases between 10% and 30% classified as SJS/TEN overlap. Drug hypersensitivity reactions, especially to antibiotics, anticonvulsants, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications, are the most common and well-established causes of SJS/TEN. In addition, infections, including viral ones like herpes simplex virus (HSV), influenza virus, varicella-zoster virus, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), have also been implicated as potential inducers, complicating management and requiring careful clinical vigilance.

PURPOSE: This review aims to investigate and compile information on reported cases of SJS/TEN potentially linked to virus infections.

METHODS: Literature from PubMed, NCBI, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library databases was searched. The inclusion criteria were studies reporting details of patients diagnosed with SJS, TEN, or SJS/TEN overlap, potentially induced by viral infections. Cases were included if the viral infection occurred within one week before the rash onset, emphasizing the association between these infections and severe skin reactions.

RESULTS: Ten studies were included in this systematic review, most of which demonstrated fair to good methodological quality. The review encompassed cases of virus-induced SJS/TEN, including herpes virus infection, influenza virus infection, varicella-zoster virus, HIV infection, COVID-19, and coxsackie infection, each with distinct manifestations.

CONCLUSION: The evidence strongly suggests that viral infections contribute to the development of SJS/TEN, yet the precise mechanisms remain unclear and warrant further research. Awareness of this risk is crucial, particularly in regions experiencing outbreaks of these viruses.},
}

@article {pmid40963624,
year = {2025},
author = {Lattarulo, S and Centrone, F and Chironna, M},
title = {Anti-MDA5+ dermatomyositis following SARS-COV-2 infections: a systematic review.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1565803},
pmid = {40963624},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology/complications ; *Dermatomyositis/immunology/etiology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Autoantibodies/blood/immunology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Anti-MDA5+ dermatomyositis (DM), also called anti-MDA5+ syndrome, or clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM), is characterized by extra-muscular DM manifestations such as skin rash, arthralgia, and rapid progressive-interstitial lung disease. Between 2020 and 2024, an increase in serum titer of anti-MDA5 autoantibodies (AABs) and MDA5+ DM cases was registered among the general population. Given the role of MDA5 as a viral-RNA sensor, it is considered a key molecule in rheumatological disorders, as studies show its activity is triggered by viral infection. Here, we conducted a systematic review of studies reporting an unambiguous temporal link between SARS-CoV-2 infections and development of MDA5+ DM. The aim was to clarify our understanding of this idiopathic rheumatic nature.

METHODS: This review meets Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA). The Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and ScienceDirect were searched using appropriate keywords to identify relevant studies published from 2020-2025. Twenty-nine studies concerning the development of MDA5+ DM in COVID-19 patients, as well as molecular pathogenetic mechanisms and pharmaceutical treatments were included.

RESULTS: Anti-MDA5 antibodies have been detected in patients with COVID-19, as well as in sera from post-COVID patients, and their presence correlates positively with disease severity. The onset of MDA5+ DM, in different phenotypic variants, increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, paralleled by an increase in the incidence of juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (JIIM). The literature here reported shows that MDA5+ DM arises after primary SARS-CoV-2 infection, which could stimulate an antiviral pathway overactivation, leading to innate and adaptive immune cells recruiting, cytokine storm, and synthesis of autoantibodies.

CONCLUSION: This review provides evidence for a link between primary SARS-CoV-2 infections, anti-MDA5 AABs synthesis and emergence of MDA5+ DM in phenotypically different variants such as MIP-C, driven by the virus's inclination to trigger type-I interferonopathy in genetically predisposed individuals.

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier 1129317.},
}

Humans
*Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1/immunology
*COVID-19/immunology/complications
*Dermatomyositis/immunology/etiology
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Autoantibodies/blood/immunology

@article {pmid40962401,
year = {2025},
author = {Juarez-Martinez, EL and Araia, A and Prasad, D and Dhar, S and Nandoliya, K and Sherrington, IG and Zhao, C and Wescott, A and Pickens, CI and Wunderink, RG and Kimchi, EY},
title = {Five-decade prevalence of delirium in pneumonia, risk factors and associated mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society},
volume = {34},
number = {177},
pages = {},
pmid = {40962401},
issn = {1600-0617},
support = {P01 HL154998/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; T32 TR005124/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; U19 AI135964/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; U19 AI181102/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/mortality ; *Delirium/epidemiology/mortality/diagnosis ; *Pneumonia/mortality/diagnosis/epidemiology/complications ; Prevalence ; Prognosis ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Delirium can occur in patients with pneumonia, but its prevalence is inconsistent across studies. Unreliable estimates and uncertainty regarding the significance of patient-specific versus microbiological risk factors hinder delirium management and prognosis. Here, we provide robust estimates of delirium prevalence in patients with pneumonia, associated risk factors and association with mortality.

METHODS: We searched five databases (Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycINFO and Scopus), from inception to 6 August 2024. We included studies in adults hospitalised with pneumonia reporting delirium, encephalopathy or altered mental status. Two investigators extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Summary rates were calculated using random-effects models. We performed prespecified analyses for diagnostic methods, microbiologic factors, clinical factors and mortality, with sensitivity analysis among studies at low risk of bias. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO: CRD42023385571.

RESULTS: Delirium prevalence across 126 studies was 22% (95% CI 18-26%) and higher in studies at low risk of bias (40%, 95% CI 24%-58%; n=11). Standardised assessments yielded higher rates than symptom- or International Classification of Diseases code-based assessments (p<0.05). Surprisingly, delirium rates did not differ by microbiological aetiology (p=0.63), including COVID-19, nor by pneumonia origin (p=0.14). Predisposing factors included older age and neurologic and systemic comorbidities. Delirium was associated with increased mortality (odds ratio 4.3, 95% CI 3.24-5.76; p<0.001), without change over five decades (p=0.32).

INTERPRETATION: Delirium is highly prevalent and enduring in pneumonia, with nearly double the estimated prevalence when standardised diagnostic methods for both pneumonia and delirium are used. Our results emphasise patient- and care-related factors over microbiological causes, including COVID-19. Delirium's entrenched association with mortality, even considering covariates, reinforces the need to manage delirium as a convergent syndrome in pneumonia.},
}

Humans
COVID-19/mortality
*Delirium/epidemiology/mortality/diagnosis
*Pneumonia/mortality/diagnosis/epidemiology/complications
Prevalence
Prognosis
Risk Assessment
Risk Factors

@article {pmid40962199,
year = {2025},
author = {Butt, NU and Baytas, SN},
title = {Indole therapeutics: Latest FDA updates, ongoing trials, and future directions.},
journal = {Drug discovery today},
volume = {30},
number = {10},
pages = {104471},
doi = {10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104471},
pmid = {40962199},
issn = {1878-5832},
abstract = {Indole-based compounds serve as versatile pharmacophores across anticancer, antiviral, neurological, antimicrobial, and metabolic therapies. This review systematically analyses FDA-approved, withdrawn, and investigational indole-containing drugs over the past decade, focusing on evolving clinical outcomes, regulatory decisions, and therapeutic repositioning. It explores the shift from cytotoxic to targeted anticancer agents, the rise of indole-based antivirals in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the expanding interest in neuroactive indoles, particularly psychedelic compounds. Additionally, it highlights the underrepresentation of indole-based antibiotics and outlines progress in epigenetic and metabolic modulators. Through a detailed evaluation of pharmacological classes, clinical trial data, and structural characteristics, this review presents a comprehensive framework to guide future optimization and multi-target development of indole scaffolds.},
}

@article {pmid40961897,
year = {2025},
author = {Tran, LB and Michita, RT and Kumar, D and Mysorekar, IU},
title = {Intercellular highways of viral spread: tunneling nanotubes and extracellular vesicles at the maternal-fetal interface.},
journal = {Current opinion in virology},
volume = {73},
number = {},
pages = {101490},
doi = {10.1016/j.coviro.2025.101490},
pmid = {40961897},
issn = {1879-6265},
abstract = {The placenta serves as both a conduit and a barrier, facilitating nutrient exchange while shielding the fetus from pathogens. Despite these defenses, several viruses, including ZIKV, CMV, HSV, HIV, LCMV, and HBV, can breach the placental barrier, while others like SARS-CoV-2 and RSV infect placental cells without consistent vertical transmission. Emerging evidence highlights two underexplored intercellular communication mechanisms, tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs), as critical pathways exploited by viruses to disseminate, modulate immunity, and disrupt placental homeostasis. This review discusses how virally hijacked TNTs and EVs facilitate transmission and immune evasion at the maternal-fetal interface, emphasizing the need to further understand these mechanisms in the context of pregnancy and fetal health.},
}

@article {pmid40961807,
year = {2025},
author = {Coombs, LA and Kim, M},
title = {Effectiveness of web-based interventions on depression and anxiety in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.},
journal = {Archives of gerontology and geriatrics},
volume = {139},
number = {},
pages = {106025},
doi = {10.1016/j.archger.2025.106025},
pmid = {40961807},
issn = {1872-6976},
mesh = {Humans ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Aged ; *Depression/therapy ; *Anxiety/therapy ; *Internet-Based Intervention ; Middle Aged ; COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effects of web-based interventions on depression and anxiety in older adults.

METHODS: We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science from their inception to March 05, 2025. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of web-based interventions on depression and anxiety in individuals aged 60 and older. The quality of included studies was evaluated using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for RCTs. A random-effects model was applied for the meta-analysis, with pooled standardized mean differences (SMD) used to estimate intervention effects. Heterogeneity was quantified using the I² statistic, and subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to investigate potential moderators.

RESULTS: A total of 19 studies were included in the final analysis. The meta-analysis showed that web-based interventions significantly reduced depression (SMD = -0.48, 95 % CI = -0.72 to -0.24) and anxiety (SMD = -0.70, 95 % CI = -0.97 to -0.43) in older adults. Subgroup analyses indicated that participant characteristics and publication year significantly moderated heterogeneity, while meta-regression analysis revealed that mean age significantly moderated the intervention effect.

CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis confirmed that web-based interventions effectively reduce depression and anxiety in older adults. The effects were particularly pronounced among older adults with existing or diagnosed symptoms of depression or anxiety. Furthermore, the observed reduction in intervention effectiveness after COVID-19 highlights the need to investigate the underlying causes of this decline.},
}

Humans
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Aged
*Depression/therapy
*Anxiety/therapy
*Internet-Based Intervention
Middle Aged
COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology