@article {pmid38551676,
year = {2024},
author = {Hirota, K},
title = {Are there beneficial effects to hybrid anesthesia*?.},
journal = {Journal of anesthesia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38551676},
issn = {1438-8359},
abstract = {As the COVID-19 pandemic increased the use of propofol in the intensive care unit for the management of respiratory sequelae and supply had become a major issue. Indeed, most hospitals in Japan were forced to use propofol only for induction of anesthesia with inhalational maintenance. Large amounts of propofol remain in the syringe which exacerbates the problems by increased waste. I propose that use of low dose propofol in combination with a low concentration inhaled anesthetic as an alternative and call this hybrid anesthesia. Several advantages of hybrid anesthesia are evident in the literature. Volatile anesthesia has several disadvantages such as cancer progression, emergence agitation, marked reduction in motor evoked potentials (MEP), laryngospasm with desflurane and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Volatile anesthesia exerts some beneficial actions such as myocardial protection and fast emergence with desflurane. In contrast, total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) provides better survival in patients undergoing radical cancer surgery, reduction in emergence agitation, laryngospasm, PONV and better MEP trace Intraoperative awareness occurs more often during TIVA. When intravenous and volatile anesthesia are combined (hybrid anesthesia), the disadvantages of both methods may be offset by clear advantages. Thus, hybrid anesthesia may, therefore, be a viable anesthetic choice.},
}

@article {pmid38551361,
year = {2024},
author = {Prieto, S and Bangen, KJ and Riegler, K and Kim, SH and Mahmood, Z and Kaseda, ET and Ellison, RL and Sullivan-Baca, E},
title = {Representation of women in neuropsychology research prior to the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-14},
doi = {10.1080/13803395.2024.2335109},
pmid = {38551361},
issn = {1744-411X},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Prior work has demonstrated that women have been historically underrepresented across various research fields, including neuropsychology. Given these disparities, the goal of this study was to systematically evaluate the inclusion of women as participants in neuropsychology research. The current study builds upon previous research by examining articles from eight peer-reviewed neuropsychology journals published in 2019.

METHOD: Empirical articles examining human samples were included in the current review if they were available in English. Eligible articles were examined to glean whether the main topic of the article was related to a gender issue, how gender was categorized, the gender distribution of the sample, whether gender was considered in analyses, whether gender was addressed in the discussion, and what age categories the study examined.

RESULTS: There was a relatively even distribution of men (51.76%) and women (48.24%) in neuropsychological research studies reviewed. There were twice as many studies that included only men compared to only women (16 vs. 8 studies), and nearly twice as many studies consisted of ≥ 75% men (16.6%) compared to ≥75% of women (8.5%). Gender-focused research was limited (3%). Furthermore, gender was frequently disregarded in analyses (58%) and often not addressed in the discussion (75%).

CONCLUSIONS: The current study highlights the limitations within neuropsychology related to the representation of women in research. Although it is encouraging that neuropsychological research is generally inclusive of women participants, future research should aim to more comprehensively investigate how gender may influence cognitive risk and resilience factors across different clinical presentations. Recommendations to begin addressing this challenge and to move toward more gender-equitable research are provided.},
}

@article {pmid38550926,
year = {2023},
author = {Feng, Q and Lacey, B and Bešević, J and Omiyale, W and Conroy, M and Starkey, F and Calvin, C and Callen, H and Bramley, L and Welsh, S and Young, A and Effingham, M and Young, A and Collins, R and Holliday, J and Allen, N},
title = {UK biobank: Enhanced assessment of the epidemiology and long-term impact of coronavirus disease-2019.},
journal = {Cambridge prisms. Precision medicine},
volume = {1},
number = {},
pages = {e30},
pmid = {38550926},
issn = {2752-6143},
abstract = {UK Biobank is an intensively characterised prospective cohort of 500,000 adults aged 40-69 years when recruited between 2006 and 2010. The study was established to enable researchers worldwide to undertake health-related research in the public interest. The existence of such a large, detailed prospective cohort with a high degree of participant engagement enabled its rapid repurposing for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) research. In response to the pandemic, the frequency of updates on hospitalisations and deaths among participants was immediately increased, and new data linkages were established to national severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing and primary care health records to facilitate research into the determinants of severe COVID-19. UK Biobank also instigated several sub-studies on COVID-19. In 2020, monthly blood samples were collected from approximately 20,000 individuals to investigate the distribution and determinants of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and to assess the persistence of antibodies following infection with another blood sample collected after 12 months. UK Biobank also performed repeat imaging of approximately 2,000 participants (half of whom had evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and half did not) to investigate the impact of the virus on changes in measures of internal organ structure and function. In addition, approximately 200,000 UK Biobank participants took part in a self-test SARS-CoV-2 antibody sub-study (between February and November 2021) to collect objective data on previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. These studies are enabling unique research into the genetic, lifestyle and environmental determinants of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19, as well as their long-term health effects. UK Biobank's contribution to the national and international response to the pandemic represents a case study for its broader value, now and in the future, to precision medicine research.},
}

@article {pmid38550825,
year = {2024},
author = {Aiholli, S and Adya, KA and Inamadar, AC},
title = {Role of Hematological Indices as Predictors of Systemic Inflammation in Dermatology.},
journal = {Indian dermatology online journal},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {188-195},
pmid = {38550825},
issn = {2229-5178},
abstract = {Hematological indices have long been used in a variety of conditions as indicators of systemic inflammation. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are inexpensive tools in predicting severity and disease activity in acute coronary syndrome, malignancy, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness, and other autoimmune conditions. Evidence suggests that such hematological indices can be used in various dermatoses as predictors of systemic inflammation, to assess the severity of the disease, prognosis, and treatment response.},
}

@article {pmid38550582,
year = {2024},
author = {Di Florio, DN and Beetler, DJ and McCabe, EJ and Sin, J and Ikezu, T and Fairweather, D},
title = {Mitochondrial extracellular vesicles, autoimmunity and myocarditis.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1374796},
pmid = {38550582},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *Myocarditis ; Autoimmunity ; *Coxsackievirus Infections ; Enterovirus B, Human ; *Autoimmune Diseases ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; *Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism ; },
abstract = {For many decades viral infections have been suspected as 'triggers' of autoimmune disease, but mechanisms for how this could occur have been difficult to establish. Recent studies have shown that viral infections that are commonly associated with viral myocarditis and other autoimmune diseases such as coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) and SARS-CoV-2 target mitochondria and are released from cells in mitochondrial vesicles that are able to activate the innate immune response. Studies have shown that Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 and the inflammasome pathway are activated by mitochondrial components. Autoreactivity against cardiac myosin and heart-specific immune responses that occur after infection with viruses where the heart is not the primary site of infection (e.g., CVB3, SARS-CoV-2) may occur because the heart has the highest density of mitochondria in the body. Evidence exists for autoantibodies against mitochondrial antigens in patients with myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. Defects in tolerance mechanisms like autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE) may further increase the likelihood of autoreactivity against mitochondrial antigens leading to autoimmune disease. The focus of this review is to summarize current literature regarding the role of viral infection in the production of extracellular vesicles containing mitochondria and virus and the development of myocarditis.},
}

Humans
*Myocarditis
Autoimmunity
*Coxsackievirus Infections
Enterovirus B, Human
*Autoimmune Diseases
Mitochondria/metabolism
*Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism

@article {pmid38550464,
year = {2024},
author = {Tawde, P and Igburuke, L and Olanipekun, D and Marwaha, V and Lambo, J},
title = {Prognostic Factors for Mortality in Adults Hospitalized With COVID-19 Infection in the Americas.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {e55044},
pmid = {38550464},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Many reports on COVID-19 have highlighted an association between patient characteristics upon admission for COVID-19 and how they affect variable progressions of the disease severity and, ultimately mortality. In this cohort, we analyzed data from patients in the Americas who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, and were hospitalized. We retrieved data from identified studies selected from full-text screening to identify relevant patient demographics: age, gender, race, duration of hospital stay, and comorbidities. Data were assessed for consistency, missing values, presence of outliers, and implausible values were documented. Our analysis was performed by calculating the case fatality rates for data reported by the original authors within the studies. The primary outcome was mortality. Participants in the review were COVID-19 inpatients diagnosed through reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction tests (RT-PCR) and above the age of 45 years in the North and South American continents. The study included 12,895 patients who were hospitalized with the COVID-19 infection, and an overall 14.4% in-hospital case-fatality rate was demonstrated. The prognostic factor with the most significant association for increased risk of in-hospital mortality in the elderly was having a high viral load of the COVID-19 virus with a case-fatality rate of 41.4%. In addition, being of Caucasian ethnicity and having the comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were also associated with higher rates of mortality among elderly hospitalized patients with case-fatality rates of 40.8% and 35.7% respectively. Prognostic factors for COVID-19 mortality were determined by having a high viral load of the infection, being of Caucasian ethnicity, and having underlying pulmonary comorbidities such as COPD. In the future research should be undertaken to determine the underlying mechanisms behind these effects.},
}

@article {pmid38550317,
year = {2024},
author = {Aikebaier, S},
title = {COVID-19, new challenges to human safety: a global review.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1371238},
pmid = {38550317},
issn = {2296-2565},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {In the context of sustainable human development, human safety has gradually shifted from traditional state and political conflict to social conflict and horizontal inequality, and the pandemic has exacerbated this variation risk. This narrative review includes literature from 40 countries on five continents since 2020, explored and tidy up the impacts of pandemics on human safety based on three perspectives: personal safety, family safety and social safety, refined the macroscopic concept of human safety. The comprehensibility of the global review conclusions is enhanced by combining it with Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Finally, some novel and comparative results are included to broaden the understanding of the impact of the pandemic, and help policymaker better understand human safety changes from a new perspective.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology

@article {pmid38550265,
year = {2024},
author = {Haimi, M and Goren, U and Grossman, Z},
title = {Barriers and challenges to telemedicine usage among the elderly population in Israel in light of the COVID-19 era: A qualitative study.},
journal = {Digital health},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {20552076241240235},
pmid = {38550265},
issn = {2055-2076},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Although there may still be many challenges to its adoption, telemedicine is becoming more and more popular for helping elderly people preserve their independence and continue to live in their own homes. We intended to investigate the challenges and barriers (if any) experienced by the elderly population when using telemedicine services in Israel.

METHODS: Fourteen elderly people were recruited for the study and interviewed in person using a semistructured interview protocol, using a qualitative technique. Participants' replies were evaluated and analyzed thematically. The participants were questioned regarding their usage of telehealth services, the benefits they perceive in them, any potential difficulties or hurdles to use, and suggestions they had for making these services more readily available and simpler to use for the elderly.

RESULTS: Most participants recognized the advantages of telehealth services, particularly for the elderly population during pandemics and normal times. However, most of them also expressed various challenges that face the elderly population in using these services. Many participants were concerned that the quality of telemedicine sessions may not be good enough compared to in-person sessions, and expressed a lack of confidence in telemedicine services, and frustration from the absence of in-person interaction and communication. Many participants highlighted the technological challenges in the use of computers and applications in general and in the context of healthcare, in particular, in addition to physiological and literacy difficulties. Finally, the participants suggested several ways to increase the accessibility and usage of telemedicine solutions by elderly people.

CONCLUSIONS: A proactive approach to identifying and resolving telehealth barriers can maximize virtual interactions for the older population and alleviate care inequities. In addition to identifying barriers that impede older patients from using telemedicine, there is a need to increase awareness of the availability, benefits, and uses of each telehealth service in comparison to in-person consultations.},
}

@article {pmid38549864,
year = {2024},
author = {Bocquet-Garçon, A},
title = {Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein on the Innate Immune System: A Review.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {e57008},
pmid = {38549864},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {The Spike protein enables the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection by binding to multiple receptors, including the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Scientific studies also indicate that Spike is involved in severe forms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), "long-haul COVID diseases" - also known as "long COVID syndromes" or "post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection" (PACS) - or, recently, in adverse reactions to lipid nanoparticle-messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines or other anti-COVID19 products. Numerous mutations, notably within the subunit 1 of Spike (S1), prevent neutralization by antibodies, but more generally, the virus has developed numerous strategies to avoid immune system surveillance, especially type-I interferons (IFN-I). Meanwhile, a "hyperinflammatory" state, named "cytokine storm," sets in. However, what role does the Spike protein play in the immune escape mechanisms? Can its inflammatory activities affect IFN-I? Does Spike block IFN-I or hijack them for the virus benefits? What are the other potential consequences? This article was written to provide an up-to-date and more general overview of the impact of the Spike protein on the innate immune system and its effectors at the molecular level.},
}

@article {pmid38549622,
year = {2024},
author = {Ceglie, N and Petito, A and Cibelli, G},
title = {Return to play of young and adult professional athletes after COVID-19: A scoping review.},
journal = {Journal of exercise science and fitness},
volume = {22},
number = {3},
pages = {208-220},
pmid = {38549622},
issn = {1728-869X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Given the persistence of COVID-19 under various facets and mutations, there is an urgent need to understand the debate on a safe return to play for professional athletes (young and adults) recovering from the infection. This work offers a scoping and comprehensive review on the topic during the first two years of the pandemic event by providing an identification of main clusters of research, relevant gaps and significant insights for future investigation.

METHODS: The literature is selected using the search engines of: PubMed®, SCIENCEDIRECT, and SCOPUS. Further criteria for selection are: Time range of 2020-2022; Scope: Return to play of professional athletes recovering from COVID-19 infection; 3) Types of publications: Research papers, reviews, practice guidelines, case reports; 4) Language: English. Two independent researchers performed a quality check on a random sample (n = 30%) of publications.

RESULTS: Main results reveal four research clusters deepening the analysis on: myocarditis, cardiac diseases and return to play, training and rehabilitation, mass screening and risk assessment, and sport and bio-psycho-social sphere for a safe return to play. Major collaborations occur between UK-South Africa, UK-USA, USA-Canada, and USA-Australia.

CONCLUSIONS: Important gaps refer to a lack of investigation on a safe return to play for female athletes in mostly all sports disciplines; on the other hand, sport and the bio-psycho-social sphere of the athlete is a fast-growing topic. Both deserve further attention in the immediate future to improve ad-hoc sport and exercise practices.},
}

@article {pmid38548344,
year = {2024},
author = {Mohamed-Ahmed, O and Aboutaleb, H and Latif, S and Watson, HL and Handley, R and Humphreys, E and Gedik, FG and De Sa, J and Zhang, Y and Bhatia, T and Dar, O and Saikat, S and Squires, N and Mataria, A},
title = {Reviewing essential public health functions in the Eastern Mediterranean Region post COVID-19 pandemic: a foundation for system resilience.},
journal = {BMJ global health},
volume = {9},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {38548344},
issn = {2059-7908},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; Public Health ; *Resilience, Psychological ; Mediterranean Region ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic exposed vulnerabilities in many health systems worldwide with profound implications for health and society. The public health challenges experienced during the pandemic have highlighted the importance of resilient health systems, that can adapt and transform to meet the population's evolving health needs. Essential public health functions (EPHFs) offer a holistic, integrated and sustainable approach to public health by contributing to achieving several health priorities and goals. In recent years, there has been a focused effort to conceptualise and define the EPHFs. In this paper, we describe the collaborative approach undertaken by the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) and UK Health Security Agency and present the findings and results of the revised EPHFs, in view of lessons learnt from the COVID-19 pandemic and the current priorities for countries across the EMR. This included conducting a desktop review, a gap and bottleneck analysis and stakeholder consultation to arrive at the revised EPHF model including four enablers and nine core functions, including a new function: public health services. The EPHFs will offer countries a complementary and synergistic approach to strengthen health systems and public health capacities and contribute to the region's ability to effectively respond to future health challenges and emergencies. By focusing on the EPHFs, countries can work towards ensuring health security as an integral goal for the health system besides universal health coverage, thus strengthening and building more resilient and equitable health systems.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19
Pandemics
Public Health
*Resilience, Psychological
Mediterranean Region

@article {pmid38391275,
year = {2024},
author = {Ngo-Hamilton, A and Agakishiev, D and Maharaj, V},
title = {Cardiac rehabilitation for heart failure: progress and gaps in evidence and policy.},
journal = {Current opinion in cardiology},
volume = {39},
number = {3},
pages = {196-201},
doi = {10.1097/HCO.0000000000001129},
pmid = {38391275},
issn = {1531-7080},
mesh = {Adult ; Humans ; Female ; *Heart Failure ; *Cardiac Rehabilitation/methods ; Quality of Life ; Stroke Volume ; Policy ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review synthesizes recent research on the efficacy, optimal design, and delivery methods of cardiac rehabilitation tailored to heart failure patients. Despite established benefits, cardiac rehabilitation referral and access disparities persist, necessitating elucidation of limitations and solutions.

RECENT FINDINGS: Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation improves long-term mortality and hospitalization rates but not short-term mortality. cardiac rehabilitation further enhances quality of life and medical therapy adherence. However, cardiac rehabilitation relies on in-person delivery, presenting access barriers exacerbated during COVID-19. Significant geographic disparities exist, with analyses indicating current capacity only serves 45% of eligible US adults even if fully utilized. Referral rates also lag, disproportionately affecting women and minority groups. Research increasingly focuses on home-based and digital therapeutics modalities to expand reach, with evidence demonstrating comparable improvements across settings. Protocols and research center on heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), despite growing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) prevalence.

SUMMARY: Increasing referrals through standardized procedures and addressing multifactorial geographic, economic, and capacity limitations are imperative to ensure equitable cardiac rehabilitation access. Broadening HFpEF rehabilitation research and care standards also constitutes a critical practice gap requiring alignment with projected epidemiologic shifts. Advancing patient-centered, evidence-based solutions can promote rehabilitation as essential secondary prevention for wider cardiac populations.

VIDEO ABSTRACT: http://links.lww.com/HCO/A97.},
}

Adult
Humans
Female
*Heart Failure
*Cardiac Rehabilitation/methods
Quality of Life
Stroke Volume
Policy

@article {pmid38353234,
year = {2024},
author = {Shroff, H},
title = {COVID-19 vaccine-induced liver injury.},
journal = {Current opinion in gastroenterology},
volume = {40},
number = {3},
pages = {119-125},
doi = {10.1097/MOG.0000000000001012},
pmid = {38353234},
issn = {1531-7056},
mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; *Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic/complications ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/complications ; *Hepatitis, Autoimmune/etiology ; Vaccination/adverse effects ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The rapid rollout and uptake of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines has been accompanied by a small yet noticeable accumulation of reports of liver injury occurring after vaccination. This review describes the present evidence surrounding COVID-19 vaccine-induced liver injury (VILI).

RECENT FINDINGS: Liver injury occurring after the COVID-19 vaccine often presents clinically similar to autoimmune hepatitis, with positive autoantibodies and a portal and lobular inflammatory infiltrate and varying degrees of necrosis on biopsy. The overwhelming majority of patients recover, often spontaneously or with a limited course of immunosuppression. The overall incidence of this phenomenon appears to be exceedingly low.

SUMMARY: Providers should remain vigilant for ongoing reports of VILI after COVID-19 and yet feel reassured by the low incidence and high likelihood of recovery. Ongoing genetic and histological study, as well as longer-term follow-up of presently identified cases, will shed further light on the clinical entity of VILI.},
}

Humans
COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects
*Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic/complications
*COVID-19/prevention & control/complications
*Hepatitis, Autoimmune/etiology
Vaccination/adverse effects

@article {pmid38039096,
year = {2024},
author = {Heaney, CD and Hempel, H and DeRosa, KL and Pinto, LA and Mantis, NJ},
title = {Clinical Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Oral Fluids Following Infection and Vaccination.},
journal = {Clinical chemistry},
volume = {70},
number = {4},
pages = {589-596},
pmid = {38039096},
issn = {1530-8561},
support = {75N91019D00024/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; U01 CA260508/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; U01CA260508/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; 75N91019D00024/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; Antibodies, Viral ; Vaccination ; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin A ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to circulate globally, even within highly vaccinated populations. The first-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccines elicit neutralizing immunoglobin G (IgG) antibodies that prevent severe COVID-19 but induce only weak antibody responses in mucosal tissues. There is increasing recognition that secretory immunoglobin A (SIgA) antibodies in the upper respiratory tract and oral cavity are critical in interrupting virus shedding, transmission, and progression of disease. To fully understand the immune-related factors that influence SARS-CoV-2 dynamics at the population level, it will be necessary to monitor virus-specific IgG and SIgA in systemic and mucosal compartments.

CONTENT: Oral fluids and saliva, with appropriate standardized collection methods, constitute a readily accessible biospecimen type from which both systemic and mucosal antibodies can be measured. Serum-derived IgG and immunoglobin A (IgA) are found in gingival crevicular fluids and saliva as the result of transudation, while SIgA, which is produced in response to mucosal infection and vaccination, is actively transported across salivary gland epithelia and present in saliva and passive drool. In this mini-review, we summarize the need for the implementation of standards, highly qualified reagents, and best practices to ensure that clinical science is both rigorous and comparable across laboratories and institutions. We discuss the need for a better understanding of sample stability, collection methods, and other factors that affect measurement outcomes and interlaboratory variability.

SUMMARY: The establishment of best practices and clinical laboratory standards for the assessment of SARS-CoV-2 serum and mucosal antibodies in oral fluids is integral to understanding immune-related factors that influence COVID-19 transmission and persistence within populations.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19 Vaccines
SARS-CoV-2
*COVID-19/prevention & control
Antibodies, Viral
Vaccination
Immunoglobulin A, Secretory
Immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulin A
Antibodies, Neutralizing

@article {pmid37470218,
year = {2024},
author = {Gallorini, M and Carradori, S and Panieri, E and Sova, M and Saso, L},
title = {Modulation of NRF2: Biological Dualism in Cancer, Targets and Possible Therapeutic Applications.},
journal = {Antioxidants & redox signaling},
volume = {40},
number = {10-12},
pages = {636-662},
doi = {10.1089/ars.2022.0213},
pmid = {37470218},
issn = {1557-7716},
abstract = {Significance: The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) system is a master regulator of redox homeostasis and cell adaptation to a variety of exogenous and endogenous stressors. Accumulating evidence from the last decade indicates that the impairment of the redox balance leads to oxidative stress (OS), a common alteration occurring in many human acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, neurodegeneration, and metabolic disorders, and aging. Recent Advances: Being located at the intersection of crucial signaling pathways, NRF2 can influence several cellular functions, which extend beyond the maintenance of the redox balance and include cellular metabolism, proteostasis, mitochondrial function and inflammation. For this reason, there is a growing interest in the pharmacologic manipulation of NRF2 for therapeutic purposes, which requires the accurate knowledge of the cell context and the specific time frame both of NRF2 activation and inhibition. This appears to be an important prerequisite and reflects the extreme complexity of the NRF2 signaling, characterized by an intrinsic dualism that mediates beneficial or detrimental effects even in the same biological process. Critical Issues: Of crucial importance will be to understand whether the NRF2 activity modulation might be exploited to exert beneficial outcomes in patients suffering from pathological conditions, in which the OS and the deregulation of inflammatory processes play a crucial role. Future Directions: In this review, we discuss the dual involvement of NRF2 in aging, neurodegeneration, metabolic diseases, long-COVID-19, and carcinogenesis and we present an overview of the most recent therapeutic modulators of NRF2, particularly emphasizing on those selected for clinical trials. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 40, 636-662.},
}

@article {pmid38550941,
year = {2023},
author = {Ellinghaus, D},
title = {COVID-19 host genetics and ABO blood group susceptibility.},
journal = {Cambridge prisms. Precision medicine},
volume = {1},
number = {},
pages = {e10},
pmid = {38550941},
issn = {2752-6143},
abstract = {Twenty-five susceptibility loci for SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or COVID-19 disease severity have been identified in the human genome by genome-wide association studies, and the most frequently replicated genetic findings for susceptibility are genetic variants at the ABO gene locus on chromosome 9q34.2, which is supported by the association between ABO blood group distribution and COVID-19. The ABO blood group effect appears to influence a variety of disease conditions and pathophysiological mechanisms associated with COVID-19. Transmission models for SARS-CoV-2 combined with observational public health and genome-wide data from patients and controls, as well as receptor binding experiments in cell lines and human samples, indicate that there may be a reduction or slowing of infection events by up to 60% in certain ABO blood group constellations of index and contact person in the early phase of a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. The strength of the ABO blood group effect on reducing infection rates further depends on the distribution of the ABO blood groups in the respective population and the proportion of blood group O in that population. To understand in detail the effect of ABO blood groups on COVID-19, further studies are needed in relation to different demographic characteristics, but also in relation to recent data on reinfection with new viral variants and in the context of the human microbiome.},
}

@article {pmid35298352,
year = {2024},
author = {Hollowell, A and Swartz, J and Myers, E and Erkanli, A and Hu, C and Shin, A and Bentley-Edwards, K},
title = {Telemedicine services in higher education: a review of college and university websites.},
journal = {Journal of American college health : J of ACH},
volume = {72},
number = {2},
pages = {548-553},
pmid = {35298352},
issn = {1940-3208},
support = {K12 HD103083/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; United States ; Universities ; *Students ; Pandemics ; Longitudinal Studies ; *Student Health Services ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To identify rates of telemedicine provision during the COVID-19 pandemic and predictive institutional factors among 4-year and graduate colleges and universities.

PARTICIPANTS: The study (n = 364) included the websites (.edu) of accredited public nonprofit, private nonprofit, and private for-profit institutions of higher education in the United States that award bachelors, masters, or doctoral degrees.

METHODS: Using digital content analysis, human coders analyzed institution websites for informational text indicating student telemedicine services.

RESULTS: Findings indicate that a minority of 4-year and above institutions offer telemedicine access. Institution type, institution size, and the presence of campus student health services were predictive. Endowment size and Minority Serving Institution status were not predictive.

CONCLUSION: This study illustrates the ongoing need for increased access to remote health services across higher education, especially among smaller private and public nonprofit colleges and universities and all private for-profit institutions.},
}

Humans
United States
Universities
*Students
Pandemics
Longitudinal Studies
*Student Health Services

@article {pmid38548022,
year = {2024},
author = {De Meyer, A and Meuleman, P},
title = {Preclinical animal models to evaluate therapeutic antiviral antibodies.},
journal = {Antiviral research},
volume = {225},
number = {},
pages = {105843},
doi = {10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105843},
pmid = {38548022},
issn = {1872-9096},
abstract = {Despite the availability of effective preventative vaccines and potent small-molecule antiviral drugs, effective non-toxic prophylactic and therapeutic measures are still lacking for many viruses. The use of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies in an antiviral context could fill this gap and provide effective virus-specific medical interventions. In order to develop these therapeutic antibodies, preclinical animal models are of utmost importance. Due to the variability in viral pathogenesis, immunity and overall characteristics, the most representative animal model for human viral infection differs between virus species. Therefore, throughout the years researchers sought to find the ideal preclinical animal model for each virus. The most used animal models in preclinical research include rodents (mice, ferrets, …) and non-human primates (macaques, chimpanzee, ….). Currently, antibodies are tested for antiviral efficacy against a variety of viruses including different hepatitis viruses, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and rabies virus. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge about the preclinical animal models that are used for the evaluation of therapeutic antibodies for the abovementioned viruses.},
}

@article {pmid38547841,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, X and Sun, Y and Song, H and Zhang, W and Liu, T and Chu, Z and Gu, X and Ma, Z and Jin, W},
title = {Nanomaterials-based electrochemical biosensors for diagnosis of COVID-19.},
journal = {Talanta},
volume = {274},
number = {},
pages = {125994},
doi = {10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125994},
pmid = {38547841},
issn = {1873-3573},
abstract = {Since the outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), this pandemic has caused severe death and infection worldwide. Owing to its strong infectivity, long incubation period, and nonspecific symptoms, the early diagnosis is essential to reduce risk of the severe illness. The electrochemical biosensor, as a fast and sensitive technique for quantitative analysis of body fluids, has been widely studied to diagnose different biomarkers caused at different infective stages of COVID-19 virus (SARS-CoV-2). Recently, many reports have proved that nanomaterials with special architectures and size effects can effectively promote the biosensing performance on the COVID-19 diagnosis, there are few comprehensive summary reports yet. Therefore, in this review, we will pay efforts on recent progress of advanced nanomaterials-facilitated electrochemical biosensors for the COVID-19 detections. The process of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans will be briefly described, as well as summarizing the types of sensors that should be designed for different infection processes. Emphasis will be supplied to various functional nanomaterials which dominate the biosensing performance for comparison, expecting to provide a rational guidance on the material selection of biosensor construction for people. Finally, we will conclude the perspective on the design of superior nanomaterials-based biosensors facing the unknown virus in future.},
}

@article {pmid38547670,
year = {2024},
author = {Khounsarian, F and Abu-Omar, A and Emara, A and Marinescu, D and Yong-Hing, CJ and Ali, IT and Khosa, F},
title = {A trend, analysis, and solution on women's representation in diagnostic radiology in North America: a narrative review.},
journal = {Clinical imaging},
volume = {109},
number = {},
pages = {110135},
doi = {10.1016/j.clinimag.2024.110135},
pmid = {38547670},
issn = {1873-4499},
abstract = {Despite the demonstrated benefits of gender diversity in medicine, women in Radiology in North America are still underrepresented. We reviewed the literature to highlight the current status of women in Radiology in North America, identify the underlying causes of the gender gap, and provide potential strategies to close this gap. We conducted a narrative literature review using the terms ("Gender Disparity" OR "Gender Inequality") AND ("Radiology Department" OR "Radiology Residency"), searching data from April 2000 to April 2022 in Ovid Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus. Our results indicate that Radiology in North America lacks gender diversity in its subspecialties, academic leadership, and research productivity, which the COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated. Challenges stemming from a dearth of women role models, limited preclinical contact, and a high rate of burnout contribute to the current gender inequality. Several complementary and supplementary steps can enhance gender diversity in Radiology. These include increasing education and exposure to Radiology at earlier stages and optimizing mentorship opportunities to attract a more diverse pool of talent to the discipline. In addition, supporting resident parents and enhancing the residency program's culture can decrease the rate of burnout and encourage women to pursue careers and leadership positions in Radiology.},
}

@article {pmid38546953,
year = {2024},
author = {Hong, QN and Li, J and Kersalé, M and Dieterlen, E and Mares, A and Ahmadian Sangkar, Z and Paquet, V and Lederer, V and Laberge, M and Coutu, MF},
title = {Work Disability and Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Teleworkers: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Journal of occupational rehabilitation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38546953},
issn = {1573-3688},
abstract = {PURPOSE: This project aimed to examine the existing evidence on work disability or musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among teleworkers.

METHOD: A scoping review was conducted in eight bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, ABI/Inform Global, EBM Reviews, Web of Science, Dissertations & Theses Global) from inception to June 2022.

RESULTS: Out of 9192 records identified, a total of 79 selected articles representing 77 studies were retained. Most studies were published after 2019, aligning with the COVID-19 pandemic's telework surge. Among the included papers, 51 addressed MSDs among teleworkers, 17 were on work disability, and 11 addressed both concepts. The studies were predominantly cross-sectional. Some trends are emerging, although study results are contradictory. Several papers reported increased musculoskeletal discomfort among teleworkers. Factors associated with MSDs among teleworkers include poor workstation setup, extended workdays, sedentary lifestyle, excessive devices use, and psychological factors. Regarding work disability, studies found that telework is associated with reduced absenteeism but increased presenteeism, with employees more likely to work while unwell from home than when on-site. Mixed results were found regarding teleworkers' work ability and functioning.

CONCLUSION: This paper provides an overview of the literature on work disability and MSDs among teleworkers. It identifies literature gaps, underlining the need for ergonomic improvements, long-term impact studies, a better conceptualization of presenteeism in the context of telework, and tailored interventions to enhance the telework experience.},
}

@article {pmid38546893,
year = {2024},
author = {Haghtalab, A and Hejazi, M and Goharnia, N and Yekanlou, A and Hazhir, K and Barghi, A and Bazzaz, Z and Allahverdizadeh, I and GhalibafSabbaghi, A},
title = {Investigating the correlation between prominent viruses and hematological malignancies: a literature review.},
journal = {Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England)},
volume = {41},
number = {5},
pages = {102},
pmid = {38546893},
issn = {1559-131X},
mesh = {Humans ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; *Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; *Neoplasms ; *Viruses ; *Hematologic Neoplasms ; },
abstract = {Extensive research has been conducted on the correlation between viral infections and hematological cancers ever since the identification of the Rous Sarcoma Virus as a cancer-causing agent. Numerous viruses, such as the Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, human T-lymphotropic virus 1, and severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2, have been identified as potential contributors to the development and progression of cancer by disrupting normal cellular processes. Different viruses are associated with distinct forms of blood cancers, each exhibiting unique infection mechanisms, pathogenesis, and clinical symptoms. Understanding these connections is crucial for the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies. Healthcare professionals who possess a solid understanding of these associations can offer precise treatments and closely monitor potential complications in individuals with blood cancers and viral infections. By leveraging this information, healthcare providers can optimize patient care and improve outcomes for those affected by both viral infections and hematological cancers.},
}

Humans
Herpesvirus 4, Human
*Epstein-Barr Virus Infections
*Neoplasms
*Viruses
*Hematologic Neoplasms

@article {pmid38545743,
year = {2024},
author = {Yuan, L and Mehmood, A and Meng, L},
title = {A meta-analysis of risk factors for acute kidney injury in pneumonia: Effectiveness of nursing interventions.},
journal = {Therapeutic apheresis and dialysis : official peer-reviewed journal of the International Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1744-9987.14124},
pmid = {38545743},
issn = {1744-9987},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide since November 2019 is of interest to understand its impact on various organs. COVID-19 patients experience a higher incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) compared with non-COVID-19 patients.

METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted that covered the period from November 1, 2019 to February 28, 2021.

RESULTS: The analysis incorporated a comprehensive review of 19 studies of 21 362 patients. The older age (mean difference [MDs] = 5.11), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (odds ratio [OR] = 1.94), male sex (OR = 1.55), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR = 3.82), hypertension (OR = 2.15), diabetes (OR = 1.71), cancer (OR = 1.16), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR = 1.40), mechanical ventilation (OR = 8.66), and vasopressor (OR = 6.30), were significantly associated with risk factor for AKI (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: The analysis revealed independent risk factors for AKI.},
}

@article {pmid38217475,
year = {2024},
author = {Rosenberg, R and Thorpy, MJ and Doghramji, K and Morse, AM},
title = {Brain fog in central disorders of hypersomnolence: a review.},
journal = {Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine},
volume = {20},
number = {4},
pages = {643-651},
pmid = {38217475},
issn = {1550-9397},
mesh = {Humans ; *Idiopathic Hypersomnia/diagnosis ; *Depressive Disorder, Major ; *Disorders of Excessive Somnolence/etiology ; *Narcolepsy/diagnosis ; Mental Fatigue ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Brain fog is an undefined term describing a cluster of symptoms related to fatigue and impaired memory, attention, and concentration. Brain fog or brain fog-like symptoms have been reported in central disorders of hypersomnolence and in a range of seemingly unrelated disorders, including coronavirus disease 2019, major depressive disorder, multiple sclerosis, lupus, and celiac disease. This narrative review summarizes current evidence and proposes a consensus definition for brain fog. Brain fog is prevalent in narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia, with more than three-quarters of patients with either disorder reporting this symptom in a registry study; it has also been reported as particularly difficult to treat in idiopathic hypersomnia. Studies directly evaluating brain fog are rare; tools for evaluating this symptom cluster typically are patient reports, with few objective measures validated in any disorder. Evaluating brain fog is further complicated by confounding symptoms, such as excessive daytime sleepiness, which is a hallmark of hypersomnolence disorders. No treatments specifically address brain fog. The paucity of literature, assessment tools, and medications for brain fog highlights the need for research leading to better disambiguation and treatment. Until a clear consensus definition is established, we propose brain fog in hypersomnia disorders be defined as a cognitive dysfunction that may or may not be linked with excessive sleepiness, related to an underlying neuronal dysfunction, which reduces concentration and impairs information processing, leading to a complaint of lack of clarity of mental thinking and awareness.

CITATION: Rosenberg R, Thorpy MJ, Doghramji K, Morse AM. Brain fog in central disorders of hypersomnolence: a review. J Clin Sleep Med. 2024;20(4):643-651.},
}

Humans
*Idiopathic Hypersomnia/diagnosis
*Depressive Disorder, Major
*Disorders of Excessive Somnolence/etiology
*Narcolepsy/diagnosis
Mental Fatigue

@article {pmid38097820,
year = {2024},
author = {Plut, D and Winant, AJ and Mahomed, N and Sodhi, KS and Kasznia-Brown, J and Williams-Weekes, T and Daltro, P and Das, KM and Lee, EY},
title = {Unusual pediatric lung infections: imaging findings.},
journal = {Pediatric radiology},
volume = {54},
number = {4},
pages = {516-529},
pmid = {38097820},
issn = {1432-1998},
mesh = {Child ; Humans ; Lung/diagnostic imaging ; *Pneumonia ; *COVID-19 ; *Lung Diseases/diagnostic imaging ; Thorax ; },
abstract = {Pediatric lung infections continue to be a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. Although both pediatric and general radiologists are familiar with typical lung infections and their imaging findings in children, relatively rare lung infections continue to present a diagnostic challenge. In addition, the advances in radiological imaging and emergence of several new lung infections in recent years facilitated the need for up-to-date knowledge on this topic. In this review article, we discuss the imaging findings of pediatric lung infections caused by unusual/uncommon and new pathogens. We review the epidemiological, clinical, and radiological imaging findings of viral (coronavirus disease 2019, Middle East respiratory syndrome, bird flu), bacterial (Streptococcus anginosus, Francisella tularensis, Chlamydia psittaci), and parasitic lung infections (echinococcosis, paragonimiasis, amoebiasis). Additional disorders whose clinical course and imaging findings may mimic lung infections in children (hypersensitivity pneumonitis, pulmonary hemorrhage, eosinophilic pneumonia) are also presented, to aid in differential diagnosis. As the clinical presentation of children with new and unusual lung infections is often non-specific, imaging evaluation plays an important role in initial detection, follow-up for disease progression, and assessment of potential complications.},
}

Child
Humans
Lung/diagnostic imaging
*Pneumonia
*COVID-19
*Lung Diseases/diagnostic imaging
Thorax

@article {pmid36310425,
year = {2024},
author = {Yu, H and Liu, S and Qin, H and Zhou, Z and Zhao, H and Zhang, S and Mao, J},
title = {Artificial intelligence-based approaches for traditional fermented alcoholic beverages' development: review and prospect.},
journal = {Critical reviews in food science and nutrition},
volume = {64},
number = {10},
pages = {2879-2889},
doi = {10.1080/10408398.2022.2128034},
pmid = {36310425},
issn = {1549-7852},
mesh = {*Artificial Intelligence ; *Big Data ; Beverages ; Diet ; Alcoholic Beverages ; },
abstract = {Traditional fermented alcoholic beverages (TFABs) have gained widespread acceptance and enjoyed great popularity for centuries. COVID-19 pandemics lead to the surge in health demand for diet, thus TFABs once again attract increased focus for the health benefits. Though the production technology is quite mature, food companies and research institutions are looking for transformative innovation in TFABs to make healthy, nutritious offerings that give a competitive advantage in current beverage market. The implementation of intelligent platforms enables companies and researchers to gather, store and analyze data in a more convenient way. The development of data collection methods contributed to the big data environment of TFABs, providing a fresh perspective that helps brewers to observe and improve the production steps. Among data analytical tools, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is considered to be one of the most promising methodological approaches for big data analytics and decision-making of automated production, and machine learning (ML) is an important method to fulfill the goal. This review describes the development trends and challenges of TFABs in big data era and summarize the application of AI-based methods in TFABs. Finally, we provide perspectives on the potential research directions of new frontiers in application of AI approaches in the supply chain of TFABs.},
}

*Artificial Intelligence
*Big Data
Beverages
Diet
Alcoholic Beverages

@article {pmid36066915,
year = {2023},
author = {Sever, MS and Vanholder, R and Oniscu, G and Abramowicz, D and Van Biesen, W and Maggiore, U and Watschinger, B and Mariat, C and Buturovic-Ponikvar, J and Crespo, M and Mjoen, G and Heering, P and Peruzzi, L and Gandolfini, I and Hellemans, R and Hilbrands, L},
title = {Kidney transplantation during mass disasters - from COVID-19 to other catastrophes A Consensus Statement by the DESCARTES Working Group and Ethics Committee of the ERA.},
journal = {Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association},
volume = {38},
number = {2},
pages = {300–308},
pmid = {36066915},
issn = {1460-2385},
mesh = {Humans ; *Kidney Transplantation ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; *Disasters ; Ethics Committees ; },
abstract = {Mass disasters are characterized by a disparity between health care demand and supply, which hampers complex therapies like kidney transplantation. Considering scarcity of publications on previous disasters, we reviewed transplantation practice during the recent COVID-19 pandemic, and dwelled upon this experience for guiding transplantation strategies in the future pandemic and non-pandemic catastrophes. We strongly suggest continuing transplantation programs during mass disasters, if medical and logistic operational circumstances are appropriate. Postponing transplantations from living donors and referral of urgent cases to safe regions or hospitals are justified. Specific preventative measures in anticipated disasters (such as vaccination programs during pandemics or evacuation in case of hurricanes or wars) may be useful to minimize risks. Immunosuppressive therapies should consider stratifying risk status and avoiding heavy immune suppression in patients with a low probability of therapeutic success. Discharging patients at the earliest convenience is justified during pandemics, whereas delaying discharge is reasonable in other disasters, if infrastructural damage results in unhygienic living environments for the patients. In the outpatient setting, telemedicine is a useful approach to reduce the patient load to hospitals, to minimize the risk of nosocomial transmission in pandemics and the need for transport in destructive disasters. If it comes down to save as many lives as possible, some ethical principles may vary in function of disaster circumstances, but elementary ethical rules are non-negotiable. Patient education is essential to minimize disaster-related complications and to allow for an efficient use of health care resources.},
}

Humans
*Kidney Transplantation
Pandemics/prevention & control
*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control
*Disasters
Ethics Committees

@article {pmid35815479,
year = {2024},
author = {Kumar, H and Gupta, R},
title = {Neuroinvasion of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2): future risk of epilepsy.},
journal = {The International journal of neuroscience},
volume = {134},
number = {4},
pages = {323-332},
doi = {10.1080/00207454.2022.2100784},
pmid = {35815479},
issn = {1563-5279},
mesh = {Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *COVID-19/complications ; Pandemics ; RNA, Viral ; *Nervous System Diseases/etiology ; *Epilepsy/etiology/complications ; Seizures/complications ; },
abstract = {Central nervous system (CNS) infection is one of the important risk factors for epilepsy. COVID-19 pandemic, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has primarily been considered to involve respiratory system only, but it can also affect the CNS. A wide range of neurological manifestations have been reported in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients including seizures, status epilepticus, stroke, which are considered as important risk factors for the development of epilepsy. In post-mortem, brain tissue samples of COVID-19 patients have shown neuropathological changes and presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and viral proteins. In this review, mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion like neuronal retrograde trans-synaptic route and vascular route are described along with important neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients such as seizures and cerebrovascular diseases, which have been found to be associated with the development of epilepsy. Hence, an increased risk of future burden of epilepsy in susceptible COVID-19 survivors has been proposed and preventive measures are suggested. The present review highlights about the possible association between neurological manifestations and future risk of epilepsy in COVID-19 patients.},
}

Humans
SARS-CoV-2
*COVID-19/complications
Pandemics
RNA, Viral
*Nervous System Diseases/etiology
*Epilepsy/etiology/complications
Seizures/complications

@article {pmid38545435,
year = {2024},
author = {Naveed, N and Ahmad, K and Majeed, H and Qureshi, K and Ahmad, I and Awan, MF and Iftikhar, T and Ahmad, S and Noreen, F and Amin, MA and Batool, H},
title = {The Global Impact of COVID-19: A Comprehensive Analysis of Its Effects on Various Aspects of Life.},
journal = {Toxicology research},
volume = {13},
number = {2},
pages = {tfae045},
pmid = {38545435},
issn = {2045-452X},
abstract = {In this study COVID-19 effects on different aspects of life that how this virus created a mess in every discipline of life starting from a small tuck shop of a street to a huge business with a chain between different countries; and some preventive measures are also suggested. Not only mental healthiness as well as physical health of people was also disturbed to a large extent. People being quarantined did not do any practice and had nothing to do, their boredom made them mentally and physically inactive. For minimization the effect of this pandemic on mental healthiness, interventions were practiced and psychological support systems were developed to help mentally effected people; on the other hand, to improve physical health the hospital workers worked day and night in return they got affected too either mentally or physically. Many of the youngsters started alcohol consumption during quarantine. Because of the closure of educational institutes, the students were sent back to their homes where there was no proper guidance for them and they lost their interests in studies; and in a sense educational impact of COVID-19 was also unbearable. Agricultural system was affected badly and the whole world passed through a huge economic loss. The flights and traffic were blocked throughout the world, and it is the only positive impact that COVID-19 led to the environment by improving water and air quality as there was a remarkable reduction in the emission of greenhouse gases.},
}

@article {pmid38545088,
year = {2024},
author = {Irizar, P and Pan, D and Taylor, H and Martin, CA and Katikireddi, SV and Kannangarage, NW and Gomez, S and La Parra Casado, D and Srinivas, PN and Diderichsen, F and Baggaley, RF and Nellums, LB and Koller, TS and Pareek, M},
title = {Disproportionate infection, hospitalisation and death from COVID-19 in ethnic minority groups and Indigenous Peoples: an application of the Priority Public Health Conditions analytical framework.},
journal = {EClinicalMedicine},
volume = {68},
number = {},
pages = {102360},
pmid = {38545088},
issn = {2589-5370},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in disproportionate consequences for ethnic minority groups and Indigenous Peoples. We present an application of the Priority Public Health Conditions (PPHC) framework from the World Health Organisation (WHO), to explicitly address COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses of pandemic potential. This application is supported by evidence that ethnic minority groups were more likely to be infected, implying differential exposure (PPHC level two), be more vulnerable to severe disease once infected (PPHC level three) and have poorer health outcomes following infection (PPHC level four). These inequities are driven by various interconnected dimensions of racism, that compounds with socioeconomic context and position (PPHC level one). We show that, for respiratory viruses, it is important to stratify levels of the PPHC framework by infection status and by societal, community, and individual factors to develop optimal interventions to reduce inequity from COVID-19 and future infectious diseases outbreaks.},
}

@article {pmid38544813,
year = {2024},
author = {Rahim, K and Shan, M and Ul Haq, I and Nawaz, MN and Maryam, S and Alturki, MS and Al Khzem, AH and Metwally, K and Cavalu, S and Alqifari, SF and Yahya, G},
title = {Revolutionizing Treatment Strategies for Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders: The Impact of Dipeptidyl-Peptidase 4 Inhibitors.},
journal = {Journal of inflammation research},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1897-1917},
pmid = {38544813},
issn = {1178-7031},
abstract = {DPP4 (Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4) a versatile protease, emerges as a prominent player in soluble and membrane-bound forms. Its heightened expression has been intimately linked to the initiation and severity of diverse autoimmune diseases, spanning rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis (SSc), inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune diabetes, and even SARS-CoV-2 infection. Operating as a co-stimulator of T cell activity, DPP4 propels T cell proliferation by binding adenosine deaminase (ADA), thereby augmenting the breakdown of adenosine-an influential inhibitor of T cell proliferation. However, the discovery of a wide range of DPP4 inhibitors has shown promise in alleviating these diseases' signs, symptoms, and severity. The available DPP4 inhibitors have demonstrated significant effectiveness in blocking DPP4 activity. Based on the characterization of their binding mechanisms, three distinct groups of DPP4 inhibitors have been identified: saxagliptin, alogliptin, and sitagliptin, each representing a different class. Elevated levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression are associated with producing various coronavirus peptidases. With its anti-inflammatory properties, Sitagliptin may assist COVID-19 patients in preventing and managing cytokine storms. This comprehensive review delves into the burgeoning realm of DPP4 inhibitors as therapeutic interventions for diverse autoimmune diseases. With a discerning focus on their efficacy, the investigation sheds light on their remarkable capacity to alleviate the burdensome signs and symptoms intricately linked to these conditions.},
}

@article {pmid38544735,
year = {2024},
author = {Smith, N and Donaldson, M and Mitton, C and Lee, E},
title = {Communication in disasters to support families with children with medical complexity and special healthcare needs: a rapid scoping review.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1229738},
pmid = {38544735},
issn = {2296-2565},
mesh = {Child ; Humans ; Pandemics ; *Disasters ; Delivery of Health Care ; Communication ; *Disaster Planning ; },
abstract = {Disasters can disrupt normal healthcare processes, with serious effects on children who depend upon regular access to the health care system. Children with medical complexity (CMC) are especially at risk. These children have chronic medical conditions, and may depend on medical technology, like feeding tubes. Without clear, evidence-based processes to connect with healthcare teams, families may struggle to access the services and supports they need during disasters. There is limited research about this topic, which has been pushed forward in importance as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors therefore conducted a rapid scoping review on this topic, with the intention to inform policy processes. Both the peer-reviewed and gray literatures on disaster, CMC, and communication were searched in summer 2020 and spring 2021. Twenty six relevant articles were identified, from which four main themes were extracted: 1. Cooperative and collaborative planning. 2. Proactive outreach, engagement, and response. 3. Use of existing social networks to connect with families. 4. Return to usual routines. Based on this review, good practices appear to involve including families, professionals, other stakeholders, and children themselves in pre-disaster planning; service providers using proactive outreach at the outset of a crisis event; working with existing peer and neighborhood networks for support; employing multiple and two-way communication channels, including social media, to connect with families; re-establishing care processes as soon as possible, which may include virtual connections; addressing mental health issues as well as physical functioning; and prioritizing the resumption of daily routines. Above all, a well-established and ongoing relationship among children, their caregivers, and healthcare teams could reduce disruptions when disaster strikes.},
}

Child
Humans
Pandemics
*Disasters
Delivery of Health Care
Communication
*Disaster Planning

@article {pmid38543964,
year = {2024},
author = {Si, F and Yu, R and Dong, S and Chen, B and Li, C and Song, S},
title = {Towards a Safer Future: Enhancing Vaccine Development to Combat Animal Coronaviruses.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {12},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {38543964},
issn = {2076-393X},
support = {32072838//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2022012//SAAS Program for Excellent Research Team/ ; },
abstract = {Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large class of positively stranded RNA viruses that pose a significant threat to public health, livestock farming, and wild animals. These viruses have the ability to cross species barriers and cause devastating epidemics. Animals are considered to be intermediate hosts for many coronaviruses, and many animal coronaviruses also have the potential for cross-species transmission to humans. Therefore, controlling the epidemic transmission of animal coronaviruses is of great importance to human health. Vaccination programs have proven to be effective in controlling coronaviruses infections, offering a cost-effective approach to reducing morbidity and mortality, so the re-emergence of lethal coronaviruses emphasizes the urgent need for the development of effective vaccines. In this regard, we explore the progress in animal coronavirus vaccine development, covering the latest taxonomy of the main animal coronaviruses, spillover events, diverse vaccine development platforms, potential main targets for animal coronavirus vaccine development, and primary challenges facing animal coronavirus vaccines. We emphasize the urgent need to create a "dual-effect" vaccine capable of eliciting both cellular and humoral immune responses. The goal is to highlight the contributions of veterinary scientists in this field and emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration between the veterinary and medical communities. By promoting communication and cooperation, we can enhance the development of novel and super vaccines to combat human and animal coronavirus infections in the future.},
}

@article {pmid38038177,
year = {2024},
author = {Arbuthnot, EJ and Parker, J and Cecil, T and Mohamed, F and Williams, R and Page, M and Moran, B},
title = {Peritoneal malignancy in the global COVID-19 pandemic: experience of recovery and restoration in a high-volume centre through NHS and independent sector collaboration.},
journal = {Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England},
volume = {106},
number = {4},
pages = {385-388},
pmid = {38038177},
issn = {1478-7083},
mesh = {Humans ; Pandemics ; *Peritoneal Neoplasms/epidemiology/therapy ; State Medicine ; Retrospective Studies ; *Hyperthermia, Induced ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; Survival Rate ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Treatment of peritoneal malignancy with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) requires substantial critical care, theatre and nursing resources. The COVID-19 pandemic caused challenges in providing a high volume, tertiary referral service.

METHODS: We reviewed data on referrals and operations performed in a tertiary referral centre in both NHS and independent sector settings. The impact of COVID-19 on activity was assessed using 2019 as a benchmark.

RESULTS: New patient referrals were similar, with 891 in 2019 compared with 833 in 2020. Delivery of CRS and HIPEC operations were initially impacted by COVID-19. NHS and independent sector collaboration facilitated recovery, with 284 patients treated in 2020 compared with 280 in 2019.

CONCLUSIONS: Close collaboration and structural organisation between the clinical and management teams in the NHS and independent sectors facilitated recovery and restoration of a complex tertiary referral service for peritoneal malignancy during the COVID pandemic.},
}

Humans
Pandemics
*Peritoneal Neoplasms/epidemiology/therapy
State Medicine
Retrospective Studies
*Hyperthermia, Induced
*COVID-19/epidemiology/therapy
Combined Modality Therapy
Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
Survival Rate

@article {pmid38543952,
year = {2024},
author = {Silva-Pilipich, N and Beloki, U and Salaberry, L and Smerdou, C},
title = {Self-Amplifying RNA: A Second Revolution of mRNA Vaccines against COVID-19.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {12},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {38543952},
issn = {2076-393X},
support = {PI23/00565//Instituto de Salud Carlos III/ ; GN2022/21//Gobierno de Navarra/ ; 01//Fundación Intheos/ ; },
abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causative agent of COVID-19, has produced the largest pandemic in the 21st century, becoming a very serious health problem worldwide. To prevent COVID-19 disease and infection, a large number of vaccines have been developed and approved in record time, including new vaccines based on mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles. While mRNA-based vaccines have proven to be safe and effective, they are more expensive to produce compared to conventional vaccines. A special type of mRNA vaccine is based on self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) derived from the genome of RNA viruses, mainly alphaviruses. These saRNAs encode a viral replicase in addition to the antigen, usually the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The replicase can amplify the saRNA in transfected cells, potentially reducing the amount of RNA needed for vaccination and promoting interferon I responses that can enhance adaptive immunity. Preclinical studies with saRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines in diverse animal models have demonstrated the induction of robust protective immune responses, similar to conventional mRNA but at lower doses. Initial clinical trials have confirmed the safety and immunogenicity of saRNA-based vaccines in individuals that had previously received authorized COVID-19 vaccines. These findings have led to the recent approval of two of these vaccines by the national drug agencies of India and Japan, underscoring the promising potential of this technology.},
}

@article {pmid38543940,
year = {2024},
author = {Rosca, EC and Al-Qiami, A and Cornea, A and Simu, M},
title = {Parsonage-Turner Syndrome following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {12},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {38543940},
issn = {2076-393X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Parsonage-Turner syndrome (PTS) is an inflammatory condition of the brachial plexus, with more than half of patients presenting a trigger, such as infection or vaccination. Our objective was to synthesize the clinical and paraclinical features, therapeutic responses, and outcomes of PTS post-COVID-19 vaccination.

METHODS: We systematically reviewed two databases (LitCOVID and the WHO database on COVID-19) up to January 2024 following a published protocol (OSF registries).

RESULTS: We included 59 cases. PTS occurred more frequently in males (61.1% mRNA group, 83.3% viral vector group). Patients in the mRNA group were younger (41.7% between 41 and 50 years vs. 38.9% between 61 and 70 years). Most cases had sudden pain within two weeks. Unilateral PTS was present in 94.4% of mRNA and all viral vector-vaccinated cases. Symptoms included pain (97.1% and 92.3%, respectively), usually followed within two weeks by motor deficits (97.2% and 94.1%, respectively), amyotrophy (30% and 81.8%, respectively), paresthesia (50% and 27.3%, respectively), and sensory loss (33.3% and 38.5%, respectively). Viral vector vaccine recipients had nerve involvement outside the brachial plexus. Ancillary investigations revealed CSF albuminocytological dissociation (33.3% and 100%, respectively) and ipsilateral axillary lymphadenopathy. Two PTS cases worsened after the second mRNA dose, and another recurred after influenza vaccination. One patient well tolerated the second dose of the viral vector vaccine, but symptoms reemerged in another.

CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence suggests PTS may occur after all COVID-19 vaccine types, with some subgroup differences. Also, PTS might recur with subsequent similar or unrelated vaccines.},
}

@article {pmid38543912,
year = {2024},
author = {Opoka-Winiarska, V and Morawska-Michalska, I and Mertowska, P and Gosik, K and Kądziołka, O and Grywalska, E},
title = {Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and PIMS-TS-Friends or Foe? Case Reports and Literature Review.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {12},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {38543912},
issn = {2076-393X},
support = {DS640//Medical University of Lublin/ ; },
abstract = {Pediatric inflammatory, multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection (PIMS-TS), also known as a multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), is diagnosed in children who develop an inadequate inflammatory response after exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The pathogenesis of the abnormal response of the immune system to a previous SARS-COV-2 infection has not been explained. Similarly, the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccinations in this group of patients have become the subject of clinical discussion. Presenting experiences from many centers aims to answer this question. We present 4 cases of patients who suffered from PIMS-TS. Three of them were safely vaccinated against COVID-19 after illness. One patient developed PIMS-TS temporarily associated with COVID-19 vaccination. We also collected and discussed data from other centers.},
}

@article {pmid38543911,
year = {2024},
author = {Savoia, E and Masterson, E and Olander, DR and Anderson, E and Mohamed Farah, A and Pirrotta, L},
title = {Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy among African American and Black Individuals in the United States of America: A Systematic Literature Review.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {12},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {38543911},
issn = {2076-393X},
support = {75554307//Pfizer (United Kingdom)/ ; },
abstract = {Despite the crucial role the COVID-19 vaccine played in curbing the pandemic, a significant portion of Black and African American individuals expressed hesitancy toward being vaccinated. This review aimed to identify the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Black and African American individuals in the U.S. The literature search was conducted in December 2022 according to the PRISMA criteria focusing on empirical studies. Data extraction methods, critical appraisal, and secondary thematic analysis were conducted on both quantitative and qualitative studies. Sixteen quantitative studies identified the key factors associated with vaccine hesitancy, such as confidence in vaccine effectiveness, safety, and trust in the healthcare system. Fourteen qualitative studies revealed major themes of mistrust, fear, and information needs, including historical mistrust, concerns about the vaccine development process, and contemporary institutional mistrust. The synthesis of quantitative and qualitative findings derived from this review provides a nuanced understanding of the determinants of vaccine hesitancy in Black and African American communities in the U.S., offering a foundation for the development of evidence-based interventions. Mistrust in the healthcare system, fear, and informational gaps on vaccine safety and effectiveness were identified as significant barriers to vaccination, demanding targeted interventions.},
}

@article {pmid38543908,
year = {2024},
author = {Yap, RXL and Lai, YW and Wei, C and Ng, JJW and Xu, D and Feng, S and Mu, R and Thong, BY and Xu, C},
title = {Impact of Immunomodulatory Therapy on COVID-19 Vaccine Response in Patients with Autoimmune Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {12},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {38543908},
issn = {2076-393X},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is essential for patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRD) to reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality associated with serious COVID-19 infection. With endemicity, waning of vaccine- and infection-acquired immunity, and development of SARS-CoV-2 variants, the need for additional doses of vaccines against serious illness in high-risk immunocompromised persons remains imperative. This review examines how immunomodulatory therapies affect vaccine-induced immune response in patients with AIIRD. Glucocorticoids, methotrexate, azathioprine, calcineurin inhibitors, mycophenolate mofetil, tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, and abatacept have been shown to variably attenuate both humoral and cellular immune responses to vaccination. Janus kinase inhibitors reduce humoral immune response. In contrast, sulfasalazine, leflunomide, belimumab, interleukin (IL)-17, IL-12/23, IL-6, and IL-1 inhibitors appear favorable, with mild or no impact on vaccine response. Although rituximab is known to profoundly diminish humoral immune response, cellular immunity is relatively preserved. Administering a third and subsequent vaccine dose or temporally coordinating the dosing of immunomodulatory drugs may improve vaccine effectiveness. Further research is needed to personalise vaccination strategies for AIIRD patients, considering their specific immunomodulatory treatments.},
}

@article {pmid38543903,
year = {2024},
author = {Etowa, J and Beauchamp, S and Fseifes, M and Osandatuwa, G and Brenneman, P and Salam-Alada, K and Sulaiman, R and Okolie, E and Dinneh, I and Julmisse, S and Cole, V},
title = {Understanding Low Vaccine Uptake in the Context of Public Health in High-Income Countries: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {12},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {38543903},
issn = {2076-393X},
support = {2122-HQ-000318//Public Health Agency of Canada/ ; },
abstract = {Although the COVID-19 pandemic has caused the need for the largest mass vaccination campaign ever undertaken to date, African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) populations have shown both a disproportionately high degree of negative impacts from the pandemic and the lowest willingness to become vaccinated. This scoping review aims to investigate low vaccine uptake in ACB populations relative to public health in high-income countries. A search was conducted in MEDLINE(R) ALL (OvidSP), Embase (OvidSP), CINAHL (EBSCOHost), APA PsycInfo (OvidSP), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (OvidSP), the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (OvidSP), the Allied and Complimentary Medicine Database (Ovid SP), and the Web of Science following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) framework for scoping reviews, supplemented by PRISMA-ScR. Theoretical underpinnings of the intersectionality approach were also used to help interpret the complexities of health inequities in the ACB population. The eligibility criteria were based on the population, concept, context (PCC) framework, and publications from 2020-19 July 2022 which discussed vaccine uptake amongst ACB people in high-income countries were included. Analysis was carried out through thematic mapping and produced four main themes: (1) racism and inequities, (2) sentiments and behaviors, (3) knowledge and communication, and (4) engagement and influence. This study has contributed to the identification and definition of the issue of low vaccine uptake in ACB populations and has illustrated the complexity of the problems, as vaccine access is hampered by knowledge, psychological, socioeconomic, and organizational barriers at the individual, organizational, and systemic levels, leading to structural inequities that have manifested as low vaccine uptake.},
}

@article {pmid38543856,
year = {2024},
author = {Bedran, D and Bedran, G and Kote, S},
title = {A Comprehensive Review of Neurodegenerative Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {12},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {38543856},
issn = {2076-393X},
support = {MAB/3/2017//Foundation for Polish Science/ ; },
abstract = {The World Health Organization reports that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has impacted a staggering 770 million individuals to date. Despite the widespread nature of this viral infection, its precise effects remain largely elusive. This scientific inquiry aims to shed light on the intricate interplay between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of neurodegenerative disorders-an affliction that weighs heavily on millions worldwide and stands as the fourth most prevalent cause of mortality. By comprehensively understanding the repercussions of SARS-CoV-2 on neurodegenerative disorders, we strive to unravel critical insights that can potentially shape our approach to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of these debilitating conditions. To achieve this goal, we conducted a comprehensive literature review of the scientific data available to date showing that SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with increased risk and severity of neurodegenerative disorders, as well as altered expression of key genes and pathways involved in their pathogenesis.},
}

@article {pmid38543832,
year = {2024},
author = {Khan, D and Fox, PL},
title = {Host-like RNA Elements Regulate Virus Translation.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {38543832},
issn = {1999-4915},
support = {R01 DK130377/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R01 NS124547/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DK130377/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R01 NS124547/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; Ribosomes/metabolism ; Viral Proteins/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; *Viruses/genetics ; RNA, Transfer/metabolism ; RNA, Viral/metabolism ; 5' Untranslated Regions ; },
abstract = {Viruses are obligate, intracellular parasites that co-opt host cell machineries for propagation. Critical among these machineries are those that translate RNA into protein and their mechanisms of control. Most regulatory mechanisms effectuate their activity by targeting sequence or structural features at the RNA termini, i.e., at the 5' or 3' ends, including the untranslated regions (UTRs). Translation of most eukaryotic mRNAs is initiated by 5' cap-dependent scanning. In contrast, many viruses initiate translation at internal RNA regions at internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs). Eukaryotic mRNAs often contain upstream open reading frames (uORFs) that permit condition-dependent control of downstream major ORFs. To offset genome compression and increase coding capacity, some viruses take advantage of out-of-frame overlapping uORFs (oORFs). Lacking the essential machinery of protein synthesis, for example, ribosomes and other translation factors, all viruses utilize the host apparatus to generate virus protein. In addition, some viruses exhibit RNA elements that bind host regulatory factors that are not essential components of the translation machinery. SARS-CoV-2 is a paradigm example of a virus taking advantage of multiple features of eukaryotic host translation control: the virus mimics the established human GAIT regulatory element and co-opts four host aminoacyl tRNA synthetases to form a stimulatory binding complex. Utilizing discontinuous transcription, the elements are present and identical in all SARS-CoV-2 subgenomic RNAs (and the genomic RNA). Thus, the virus exhibits a post-transcriptional regulon that improves upon analogous eukaryotic regulons, in which a family of functionally related mRNA targets contain elements that are structurally similar but lacking sequence identity. This "thrifty" virus strategy can be exploited against the virus since targeting the element can suppress the expression of all subgenomic RNAs as well as the genomic RNA. Other 3' end viral elements include 3'-cap-independent translation elements (3'-CITEs) and 3'-tRNA-like structures. Elucidation of virus translation control elements, their binding proteins, and their mechanisms can lead to novel therapeutic approaches to reduce virus replication and pathogenicity.},
}

Humans
*Protein Biosynthesis
Ribosomes/metabolism
Viral Proteins/genetics
RNA, Messenger/metabolism
*Viruses/genetics
RNA, Transfer/metabolism
RNA, Viral/metabolism
5' Untranslated Regions

@article {pmid38543820,
year = {2024},
author = {Thomaidou, E and Karlafti, E and Didagelos, M and Megari, K and Argiriadou, E and Akinosoglou, K and Paramythiotis, D and Savopoulos, C},
title = {Acalculous Cholecystitis in COVID-19 Patients: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {38543820},
issn = {1999-4915},
mesh = {Adult ; Humans ; *COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2/metabolism ; *Acalculous Cholecystitis/diagnosis ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism ; *Cholecystitis, Acute ; *Cholecystitis ; },
abstract = {Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) represents cholecystitis without gallstones, occurring in approximately 5-10% of all cases of acute cholecystitis in adults. Several risk factors have been recognized, while infectious diseases can be a cause of cholecystitis in otherwise healthy people. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has spread worldwide, leading to an unprecedented pandemic. The virus enters cells through the binding of the spike protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors expressed in many human tissues, including the epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and this explains the symptoms emanating from the digestive system. Acute cholecystitis has been reported in patients with COVID-19. The purpose of this review is to provide a detailed analysis of the current literature on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, management, and outcomes of AAC in patients with COVID-19.},
}

Adult
Humans
*COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2/metabolism
*Acalculous Cholecystitis/diagnosis
Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism
*Cholecystitis, Acute
*Cholecystitis

@article {pmid38543794,
year = {2024},
author = {Leija-Martínez, JJ and Esparza-Miranda, LA and Rivera-Alfaro, G and Noyola, DE},
title = {Impact of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions during the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Prevalence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Hospitalized Children with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {38543794},
issn = {1999-4915},
mesh = {Child ; Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Pandemics ; Child, Hospitalized ; Prevalence ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Communicable Disease Control ; *Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human ; *Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/epidemiology/prevention & control ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology/prevention & control ; },
abstract = {During the COVID-19 pandemic, nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were implemented in order to control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, potentially affecting the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). This review evaluated the impact of NPIs on RSV-related hospitalizations in children during the lockdown (2020-2021) compared to the pre-pandemic (2015-2020) and post-lockdown (2021-2022) periods. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched through PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published in English between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2022. Additionally, we conducted hand searches of other records published between 1 January 2023 and 22 January 2024. Our target population was hospitalized children aged 0-18 years with RSV-related lower respiratory tract infections confirmed through immunofluorescence, antigen testing, or molecular assays. We focused on peer-reviewed observational studies, analyzing the primary outcome of pooled RSV prevalence. A generalized linear mixed model with a random-effects model was utilized to pool each RSV prevalence. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q and I[2] statistics, while publication bias was evaluated through funnel plots and Egger's tests. We identified and analyzed 5815 publications and included 112 studies with 308,985 participants. Notably, RSV prevalence was significantly lower during the lockdown period (5.03% [95% CI: 2.67; 9.28]) than during the pre-pandemic period (25.60% [95% CI: 22.57; 28.88], p < 0.0001). However, RSV prevalence increased notably in the post-lockdown period after the relaxation of COVID-19 prevention measures (42.02% [95% CI: 31.49; 53.33] vs. 5.03% [95% CI: 2.67; 9.28], p < 0.0001). Most pooled effect estimates exhibited significant heterogeneity (I[2]: 91.2% to 99.3%). Our findings emphasize the effectiveness of NPIs in reducing RSV transmission. NPIs should be considered significant public health measures to address RSV outbreaks.},
}

Child
Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control
Pandemics
Child, Hospitalized
Prevalence
SARS-CoV-2
Communicable Disease Control
*Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human
*Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/epidemiology/prevention & control
*Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology/prevention & control

@article {pmid38543740,
year = {2024},
author = {Zuo, K and Gao, W and Wu, Z and Zhang, L and Wang, J and Yuan, X and Li, C and Xiang, Q and Lu, L and Liu, H},
title = {Evolution of Virology: Science History through Milestones and Technological Advancements.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {38543740},
issn = {1999-4915},
support = {2018YFA0902400//Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China/ ; 2019WQZX012//Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; 2023XXSKC03//University of Science and Technology of China/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; *Viruses/genetics ; Molecular Biology ; *Neoplasms ; Microscopy, Electron ; Virology/history ; },
abstract = {The history of virology, which is marked by transformative breakthroughs, spans microbiology, biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology. From the development of Jenner's smallpox vaccine in 1796 to 20th-century innovations such as ultrafiltration and electron microscopy, the field of virology has undergone significant development. In 1898, Beijerinck laid the conceptual foundation for virology, marking a pivotal moment in the evolution of the discipline. Advancements in influenza A virus research in 1933 by Richard Shope furthered our understanding of respiratory pathogens. Additionally, in 1935, Stanley's determination of viruses as solid particles provided substantial progress in the field of virology. Key milestones include elucidation of reverse transcriptase by Baltimore and Temin in 1970, late 20th-century revelations linking viruses and cancer, and the discovery of HIV by Sinoussi, Montagnier, and Gallo in 1983, which has since shaped AIDS research. In the 21st century, breakthroughs such as gene technology, mRNA vaccines, and phage display tools were achieved in virology, demonstrating its potential for integration with molecular biology. The achievements of COVID-19 vaccines highlight the adaptability of virology to global health.},
}

Humans
COVID-19 Vaccines
*Viruses/genetics
Molecular Biology
*Neoplasms
Microscopy, Electron
Virology/history

@article {pmid38543736,
year = {2024},
author = {Giovanetti, M and Pannella, G and Altomare, A and Rocchi, G and Guarino, M and Ciccozzi, M and Riva, E and Gherardi, G},
title = {Exploring the Interplay between COVID-19 and Gut Health: The Potential Role of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Immune Support.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {38543736},
issn = {1999-4915},
mesh = {Humans ; Prebiotics ; *COVID-19/therapy ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Probiotics/therapeutic use ; Inflammation ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted global health, leading to extensive research focused on developing strategies to enhance outbreak response and mitigate the disease's severity. In the aftermath of the pandemic, attention has shifted towards understanding and addressing long-term health implications, particularly in individuals experiencing persistent symptoms, known as long COVID. Research into potential interventions to alleviate long COVID symptoms has intensified, with a focus on strategies to support immune function and mitigate inflammation. One area of interest is the gut microbiota, which plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses and maintaining overall health. Prebiotics and probiotics, known for their ability to modulate the gut microbiota, have emerged as potential therapeutic agents in bolstering immune function and reducing inflammation. This review delves into the intricate relationship between long COVID, the gut microbiota, and immune function, with a specific focus on the role of prebiotics and probiotics. We examine the immune response to long COVID, emphasizing the importance of inflammation and immune regulation in the persistence of symptoms. The potential of probiotics in modulating immune responses, including their mechanisms in combating viral infections such as COVID-19, is discussed in detail. Clinical evidence supporting the use of probiotics in managing long COVID symptoms is summarized, highlighting their role as adjunctive therapy in addressing various aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its aftermath.},
}

Humans
Prebiotics
*COVID-19/therapy
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
Pandemics
SARS-CoV-2
*Probiotics/therapeutic use
Inflammation

@article {pmid38543732,
year = {2024},
author = {Borges, PHO and Ferreira, SB and Silva, FP},
title = {Recent Advances on Targeting Proteases for Antiviral Development.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {38543732},
issn = {1999-4915},
support = {309155/2021-5//National Council for Scientific and Technological Development/ ; E-26/200.930/2021//Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Endopeptidases ; SARS-CoV-2/metabolism ; Viral Proteases ; },
abstract = {Viral proteases are an important target for drug development, since they can modulate vital pathways in viral replication, maturation, assembly and cell entry. With the (re)appearance of several new viruses responsible for causing diseases in humans, like the West Nile virus (WNV) and the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), understanding the mechanisms behind blocking viral protease's function is pivotal for the development of new antiviral drugs and therapeutical strategies. Apart from directly inhibiting the target protease, usually by targeting its active site, several new pathways have been explored to impair its activity, such as inducing protein aggregation, targeting allosteric sites or by inducing protein degradation by cellular proteasomes, which can be extremely valuable when considering the emerging drug-resistant strains. In this review, we aim to discuss the recent advances on a broad range of viral proteases inhibitors, therapies and molecular approaches for protein inactivation or degradation, giving an insight on different possible strategies against this important class of antiviral target.},
}

Humans
*Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism
*Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
Endopeptidases
SARS-CoV-2/metabolism
Viral Proteases

@article {pmid38543686,
year = {2024},
author = {Al-Jamal, H and Idriss, S and Roufayel, R and Abi Khattar, Z and Fajloun, Z and Sabatier, JM},
title = {Treating COVID-19 with Medicinal Plants: Is It Even Conceivable? A Comprehensive Review.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {38543686},
issn = {1999-4915},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Plants, Medicinal ; *Virus Diseases ; Disease Outbreaks ; },
abstract = {In 2020, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) challenged the world with a global outbreak that led to millions of deaths worldwide. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the symptomatic manifestation of this virus, which can range from flu-like symptoms to utter clinical complications and even death. Since there was no clear medicine that could tackle this infection or lower its complications with minimal adverse effects on the patients' health, the world health organization (WHO) developed awareness programs to lower the infection rate and limit the fast spread of this virus. Although vaccines have been developed as preventative tools, people still prefer going back to traditional herbal medicine, which provides remarkable health benefits that can either prevent the viral infection or limit the progression of severe symptoms through different mechanistic pathways with relatively insignificant side effects. This comprehensive review provides scientific evidence elucidating the effect of 10 different plants against SARS-CoV-2, paving the way for further studies to reconsider plant-based extracts, rich in bioactive compounds, into more advanced clinical assessments in order to identify their impact on patients suffering from COVID-19.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
*Plants, Medicinal
*Virus Diseases
Disease Outbreaks

@article {pmid38199296,
year = {2024},
author = {Grol, MW},
title = {The evolving landscape of gene therapy strategies for the treatment of osteoarthritis.},
journal = {Osteoarthritis and cartilage},
volume = {32},
number = {4},
pages = {372-384},
doi = {10.1016/j.joca.2023.12.009},
pmid = {38199296},
issn = {1522-9653},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Significant advances have been made in our understanding of osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis; however, no disease-modifying therapies have been identified. This review will summarize the gene therapy landscape, its initial successes for OA, and possible challenges using recent studies and examples of gene therapies in clinical trials.

DESIGN: This narrative review has three major sections: 1) vector systems for OA gene therapy, 2) current and emerging targets for OA gene therapy, and 3) considerations and future directions.

RESULTS: Gene therapy is the strategy by which nucleic acids are delivered to treat and reverse disease progression. Specificity and prolonged expression of these nucleic acids are achieved by manipulating promoters, genes, and vector systems. Certain vector systems also allow for the development of combinatorial nucleic acid strategies that can be delivered in a single intraarticular injection - an approach likely required to treat the complexity of OA pathogenesis. Several viral and non-viral vector-based gene therapies are in clinical trials for OA, and many more are being evaluated in the preclinical arena.

CONCLUSIONS: In a post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era, the future of gene therapy for OA is certainly promising; however, the majority of preclinical validation continues to focus heavily on post-traumatic models and changes in only cartilage and subchondral bone. To ensure successful translation, new candidates in the preclinical arena should be examined against all joint tissues as well as pain using diverse models of injury-, obesity-, and age-induced disease. Lastly, consideration must be given to strategies for repeat administration and the cost of treatment owing to the chronic nature of OA.},
}

@article {pmid38543668,
year = {2024},
author = {Bartels, M and Sala Solé, E and Sauerschnig, LM and Rijkers, GT},
title = {Back to the Future: Immune Protection or Enhancement of Future Coronaviruses.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {38543668},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {Before the emergence of SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and most recently, SARS-CoV-2, four other coronaviruses (the alpha coronaviruses NL63 and 229E and the beta coronaviruses OC43 and HKU1) had already been circulating in the human population. These circulating coronaviruses all cause mild respiratory illness during the winter seasons, and most people are already infected in early life. Could antibodies and/or T cells, especially against the beta coronaviruses, have offered some form of protection against (severe) COVID-19 caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2? Related is the question of whether survivors of SARS-CoV-1 or MERS-CoV would be relatively protected against SARS-CoV-2. More importantly, would humoral and cellular immunological memory generated during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, either by infection or vaccination, offer protection against future coronaviruses? Or rather than protection, could antibody-dependent enhancement have taken place, a mechanism by which circulating corona antibodies enhance the severity of COVID-19? Another related phenomenon, the original antigenic sin, would also predict that the effectiveness of the immune response to future coronaviruses would be impaired because of the reactivation of memory against irrelevant epitopes. The currently available evidence indicates that latter scenarios are highly unlikely and that especially cytotoxic memory T cells directed against conserved epitopes of human coronaviruses could at least offer partial protection against future coronaviruses.},
}

@article {pmid38543651,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, J and Zhu, Q and Xing, X and Sun, D},
title = {A Mini-Review on the Common Antiviral Drug Targets of Coronavirus.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {38543651},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {U23A20236//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; ZD2023C006//Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation/ ; LH2023C084//Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Coronaviruses in general are a zoonotic pathogen with significant cross-species transmission. They are widely distributed in nature and have recently become a major threat to global public health. Vaccines are the preferred strategy for the prevention of coronaviruses. However, the rapid rate of virus mutation, large number of prevalent strains, and lag in vaccine development contribute to the continuing frequent occurrence of coronavirus diseases. There is an urgent need for new antiviral strategies to address coronavirus infections effectively. Antiviral drugs are important in the prevention and control of viral diseases. Members of the genus coronavirus are highly similar in life-cycle processes such as viral invasion and replication. These, together with the high degree of similarity in the protein sequences and structures of viruses in the same genus, provide common targets for antiviral drug screening of coronaviruses and have led to important advances in recent years. In this review, we summarize the pathogenic mechanisms of coronavirus, common drugs targeting coronavirus entry into host cells, and common drug targets against coronaviruses based on biosynthesis and on viral assembly and release. We also describe the common targets of antiviral drugs against coronaviruses and the progress of antiviral drug research. Our aim is to provide a theoretical basis for the development of antiviral drugs and to accelerate the development and utilization of commonly used antiviral drugs in China.},
}

@article {pmid38543635,
year = {2024},
author = {Prato, M and Tiberti, N and Mazzi, C and Gobbi, F and Piubelli, C and Longoni, SS},
title = {The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) in COVID-19 Disease: Where We Are 3 Years after the Beginning of the Pandemic.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {38543635},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {Fondi Ricerca Corrente - L1P6//Ministero della Salute/ ; Project no. PE00000007, INF-ACT//EU funding within the MUR PNRR Extended Partnership initiative on Emerging Infectious Diseases/ ; },
abstract = {The RAS is a hormonal system playing a pivotal role in the control of blood pressure and electrolyte homeostasis, the alteration of which is associated with different pathologies, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). As such, it is not surprising that a number of studies have attempted to elucidate the role and balance of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in COVID-19. In this review article, we will describe the evidence collected regarding the two main enzymes of the RAS (i.e., ACE and ACE2) and their principal molecular products (i.e., AngII and Ang1-7) in SARS-CoV-2 infection, with the overarching goal of drawing conclusions on their possible role as clinical markers in association with disease severity, progression, and outcome. Moreover, we will bring into the picture new experimental data regarding the systemic activity of ACE and ACE2 as well as the concentration of AngII and Ang1-7 in a cohort of 47 COVID-19 patients hospitalized at the IRCCS Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Hospital (Negrar, Italy) between March and April 2020. Finally, we will discuss the possibility of considering this systemic pathway as a clinical marker for COVID-19.},
}

@article {pmid38543629,
year = {2024},
author = {Srivastava, V and Kumar, R and Ahmad, A},
title = {Yeast-Based Screening of Anti-Viral Molecules.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {38543629},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {Viruses are minuscule infectious agents that reproduce exclusively within the living cells of an organism and are present in almost every ecosystem. Their continuous interaction with humans poses a significant threat to the survival and well-being of everyone. Apart from the common cold or seasonal influenza, viruses are also responsible for several important diseases such as polio, rabies, smallpox, and most recently COVID-19. Besides the loss of life and long-term health-related issues, clinical viral infections have significant economic and social impacts. Viral enzymes, especially proteases which are essential for viral multiplication, represent attractive drug targets. As a result, screening of viral protease inhibitors has gained a lot of interest in the development of anti-viral drugs. Despite the availability of anti-viral therapeutics, there is a clear need to develop novel curative agents that can be used against a given virus or group of related viruses. This review highlights the importance of yeasts as an in vivo model for screening viral enzyme inhibitors. We also discuss the advantages of yeast-based screening platforms over traditional assays. Therefore, in the present article, we discuss why yeast is emerging as a model of choice for in vivo screening of anti-viral molecules and why yeast-based screening will become more relevant in the future for screening anti-viral and other molecules of clinical importance.},
}

@article {pmid38543624,
year = {2024},
author = {Beetch, JE and Janitz, A and Beebe, LA and Gowin, M and Xu, C and Clifton, S and Kuhn, KG},
title = {Indirect Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Routine Childhood Vaccination in Low-Income Countries: A Systematic Review to Set the Scope for Future Pandemics.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {38543624},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic halted progress in global vaccine coverage and disrupted routine childhood vaccination practices worldwide. While there is ample evidence of the vaccination decline experienced during the pandemic, it is less clear how low-income countries were affected. We executed a systematic review to synthesize the current literature on the impacts of routine childhood vaccinations in low-income countries from 1 January 2020 to 8 February 2023. We collected data using an extraction form on Covidence and assessed the quality of studies included in the review using the Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. Effect estimates for changes in vaccination during the pandemic were reported and summarized. Factors that influenced changes were grouped into descriptive themes. Thirteen studies, encompassing 18 low-income countries and evaluating 15 vaccines at varying doses, were included in the final review. We found that routine childhood vaccinations during the COVID-19 pandemic varied considerably by vaccine type, location, and phase of the pandemic. Nine different themes were identified as factors that influenced changes in vaccination. Documenting past experiences and lessons learned is crucial for informing preparedness efforts in anticipation of future public health emergencies. Failure to effectively address these things in the next public health emergency could result in a recurrence of declining routine childhood vaccinations.},
}

@article {pmid38543591,
year = {2024},
author = {Wade, SF and Diouara, AAM and Ngom, B and Thiam, F and Dia, N},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Viruses in Human Olfactory Pathophysiology.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {38543591},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {Acute respiratory viruses (ARVs) are the leading cause of diseases in humans worldwide. High-risk individuals, including children and the elderly, could potentially develop severe illnesses that could result in hospitalization or death in the worst case. The most common ARVs are the Human respiratory syncytial virus, Human Metapneumovirus, Human Parainfluenza Virus, rhinovirus, coronaviruses (including SARS and MERS CoV), adenoviruses, Human Bocavirus, enterovirus (-D68 and 71), and influenza viruses. The olfactory deficits due to ARV infection are a common symptom among patients. This review provides an overview of the role of SARS-CoV-2 and other common ARVs in the development of human olfactory pathophysiology. We highlight the critical need to understand the signaling underlying the olfactory dysfunction and the development of therapeutics for this wide-ranging category of AVRs to restore the altered or loss of smell in affected patients.},
}

@article {pmid38543377,
year = {2024},
author = {Alkarri, S and Bin Saad, H and Soliman, M},
title = {On Antimicrobial Polymers: Development, Mechanism of Action, International Testing Procedures, and Applications.},
journal = {Polymers},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {38543377},
issn = {2073-4360},
abstract = {The development of antimicrobial polymeric materials has evolved into one of the more promising methods for preventing the growth of microbes and mitigating the spread of infectious diseases in several applications including the health and food packaging sectors. The outbreak of global pandemics, and particularly the recent COVID-19 pandemic, further strengthen the importance of developing such solutions. This review paper presents a fundamental understanding of how antimicrobial polymers are developed, describes the possible surface modification approaches to render polymers with antimicrobial properties, highlights the potential mechanism of action against a range of microorganisms (bacterial, viral, and fungal), and details some of the international standard protocols and procedures to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of modified materials (such as plastics and textiles). In addition, this review paper discusses the toxicity of antimicrobial additives when used in healthcare and food packaging applications.},
}

@article {pmid38543114,
year = {2024},
author = {Okechukwu, QN and Adepoju, FO and Kanwugu, ON and Adadi, P and Serrano-Aroca, Á and Uversky, VN and Okpala, COR},
title = {Marine-Derived Bioactive Metabolites as a Potential Therapeutic Intervention in Managing Viral Diseases: Insights from the SARS-CoV-2 In Silico and Pre-Clinical Studies.},
journal = {Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {17},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {38543114},
issn = {1424-8247},
abstract = {Worldwide urbanization and subsequent migration have accelerated the emergence and spread of diverse novel human diseases. Among them, diseases caused by viruses could result in epidemics, typified by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which hit the globe towards the end of December 2019. The global battle against SARS-CoV-2 has reignited interest in finding alternative treatments for viral infections. The marine world offers a large repository of diverse and unique bioactive compounds. Over the years, many antiviral compounds from marine organisms have been isolated and tested in vitro and in vivo. However, given the increasing need for alternative treatment, in silico analysis appears to provide a time- and cost-effective approach to identifying the potential antiviral compounds from the vast pool of natural metabolites isolated from marine organisms. In this perspective review, we discuss marine-derived bioactive metabolites as potential therapeutics for all known disease-causing viruses including the SARS-CoV-2. We demonstrate the efficacy of marine-derived bioactive metabolites in the context of various antiviral activities and their in silico, in vitro, and in vivo capacities.},
}

@article {pmid38542895,
year = {2024},
author = {Honkisz-Orzechowska, E and Łażewska, D and Baran, G and Kieć-Kononowicz, K},
title = {Uncovering the Power of GPR18 Signalling: How RvD2 and Other Ligands Could Have the Potential to Modulate and Resolve Inflammation in Various Health Disorders.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {29},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {38542895},
issn = {1420-3049},
support = {DEC-2021/43/D/NZ3/01440//National Science Center/ ; DEC-2021/43/B/NZ7/01938//National Science Center/ ; },
mesh = {Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; *Docosahexaenoic Acids/pharmacology ; *Inflammation/drug therapy ; Signal Transduction ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Inflammation Mediators ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; },
abstract = {The resolution of inflammation is the primary domain of specialised pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), which include resolvins, protectins, and their forms synthesised under the influence of aspirin and the maresins. The role of these SPMs has been discussed by many authors in the literature, with particular reference to neuroinflammation and significant neurological disorders. This review discusses the role of G protein-coupled receptor 18 (GPR18), resolvin D2 (RvD2) activity, and the GPR18-RvD2 signalling axis, as well as the role of small molecule ligands of GPR18 in inflammation in various health disorders (brain injuries, neuropathic pain, neurodegenerative/cardiometabolic/cardiovascular/gastrointestinal diseases, peritonitis, periodontitis, asthma and lung inflammation, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammation, and placenta disorders. The idea of biological intervention through modulating GPR18 signalling is attracting growing attention because of its great therapeutic potential. With this paper, we aimed to present a comprehensive review of the most recent literature, perform a constructive view of data, and point out research gaps.},
}

Pregnancy
Female
Humans
*Docosahexaenoic Acids/pharmacology
*Inflammation/drug therapy
Signal Transduction
SARS-CoV-2
Inflammation Mediators
Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled

@article {pmid38542424,
year = {2024},
author = {DiGuilio, KM and Del Rio, EA and Harty, RN and Mullin, JM},
title = {Micronutrients at Supplemental Levels, Tight Junctions and Epithelial Barrier Function: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms25063452},
pmid = {38542424},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Humans ; *Micronutrients/metabolism ; Tight Junctions/metabolism ; Vitamins/metabolism ; Vitamin D/metabolism ; *COVID-19/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Disease modifiers, whether from cancer, sepsis, systemic inflammation, or microbial pathogens, all appear to induce epithelial barrier leak, with induced changes of the Tight Junctional (TJ) complex being pivotal to the process. This leak-and the ensuant breakdown of compartmentation-plays a central role in disease morbidity on many levels. Accumulation of lung water in the luminal compartment of airways was a major driver of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 and is an excellent example of the phenomenon. Increasing awareness of the ability of micronutrients to improve basal barrier function and reduce barrier compromise in pathophysiology may prove to be a low-cost, safe, and easily administered prophylactic and/or therapeutic option amenable to large populations. The growing appreciation of the clinical utility of supplemental doses of Vitamin D in COVID-19 is but one example. This narrative review is intended to propose a general theory on how and why micronutrients-at levels above normal dietary intake-successfully remodel TJs and improve barrier function. It discusses the key difference between dietary/Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) levels of micronutrients versus supplemental levels, and why the latter are needed in disease situations. It advances a hypothesis for why signal transduction regulation of barrier function may require these higher supplemental doses to achieve the TJ remodeling and other barrier element changes that are clinically beneficial.},
}

Humans
*Micronutrients/metabolism
Tight Junctions/metabolism
Vitamins/metabolism
Vitamin D/metabolism
*COVID-19/metabolism

@article {pmid38542251,
year = {2024},
author = {Huminiecki, Ł},
title = {Bulk and Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Elucidate the Etiology of Severe COVID-19.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms25063280},
pmid = {38542251},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Lung ; Inflammation ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; },
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a type of pneumonia caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. It can cause acute pulmonary and systemic inflammation, which can lead to death in severely ill patients. This study explores the potential reasons behind severe COVID-19 and its similarities to systemic autoimmune diseases. This study reviewed unbiased high-throughput gene expression datasets, including next-generation and single-cell RNA sequencing. A total of 27 studies and eight meta-analyses were reviewed. The studies indicated that severe COVID-19 is associated with the upregulation of genes involved in pro-inflammatory, interferon, and cytokine/chemokine pathways. Additionally, changes were observed in the proportions of immune cell types in the blood and tissues, along with degenerative alterations in lung epithelial cells. Genomic evidence also supports the association of severe COVID-19 with various inflammatory syndromes, such as neuronal COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome, vascular inflammation, and multisystem inflammatory syndrome. In conclusion, this study suggests that gene expression profiling plays a significant role in elucidating the etiology of severe COVID-19.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/genetics
SARS-CoV-2
Lung
Inflammation
Sequence Analysis, RNA

@article {pmid38542177,
year = {2024},
author = {Ricardi, C and Barachini, S and Consoli, G and Marazziti, D and Polini, B and Chiellini, G},
title = {Beta-Caryophyllene, a Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 Selective Agonist, in Emotional and Cognitive Disorders.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms25063203},
pmid = {38542177},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Humans ; Adolescent ; *Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Pandemics ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; *Cognitive Dysfunction ; Receptors, Cannabinoid ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 ; *Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes ; },
abstract = {Mental disorders account for one of the most prevalent categories of the burden of disease worldwide, with depression expected to be the largest contributor by 2030, closely followed by anxiety. The COVID-19 pandemic possibly exacerbated these challenges, especially amongst adolescents, who experienced isolation, disrupted routines, and limited healthcare access. Notably, the pandemic has been associated with long-term neurological effects known as "long-COVID", characterized by both cognitive and psychopathological symptoms. In general, psychiatric disorders, including those related to long-COVID, are supposed to be due to widespread inflammation leading to neuroinflammation. Recently, the endocannabinoid system (ECS) emerged as a potential target for addressing depression and anxiety pathophysiology. Specifically, natural or synthetic cannabinoids, able to selectively interact with cannabinoid type-2 receptor (CB2R), recently revealed new therapeutic potential in neuropsychiatric disorders with limited or absent psychotropic activity. Among the most promising natural CB2R ligands, the bicyclic sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene (BCP) has emerged as an excellent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapeutic agent. This review underscores BCP's immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, highlighting its therapeutic potential for the management of depression and anxiety.},
}

Humans
Adolescent
*Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists/pharmacology/therapeutic use
Pandemics
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
*Cognitive Dysfunction
Receptors, Cannabinoid
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use
Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2
*Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes

@article {pmid38542056,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, D and Chan, BC and Zhang, B and Wong, KC and Kan, LL and Wong, CK},
title = {Dark under the Lamp: Neglected Biological Pollutants in the Environment Are Closely Linked to Lung Cancer.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms25063081},
pmid = {38542056},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {00000//Innovation and Technology Commission/ ; 00000//Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; *Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology/etiology ; *Environmental Pollutants ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Pandemics ; Allergens ; Pyroglyphidae ; },
abstract = {Environmental pollutants are closely linked to lung cancer. The different types of environmental pollutants can be classified as chemical, physical, and biological. The roles of common chemical and physical pollutants such as PM2.5, smoking, radon, asbestos, and formaldehyde in lung cancer have been extensively studied. Notably, the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic raised awareness of the strong link between biological pollution and human health. Allergens such as house dust mites and pollen, as well as bacteria and viruses, are common biological pollutants. A few biological pollutants have been reported to promote lung cancer via inducing inflammatory cytokines secretion, such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TGF-β, as well as suppressing immunosurveillance by upregulating regulatory T (Treg) cells while dampening the function of CD8[+] T cells and dendritic cells. However, the correlation between common biological hazards, such as SARS-CoV-2, human immunodeficiency viruses, Helicobacter pylori, and house dust mites, and lung cancer is not fully elucidated, and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Moreover, the majority of studies that have been performed in lung cancer and biological carcinogens were not based on the perspective of biological pollutants, which has challenged the systematicity and coherence in the field of biological pollutants in lung cancer. Here, in addition to reviewing the recent progress made in investigating the roles of allergens, viruses, and bacteria in lung cancer, we summarized the potential mechanisms underlying biological pollutants in lung cancer. Our narrative review can shed light on understanding the significance of biological pollutants in lung cancer, as well as inspire and broaden research ideas on lung cancer etiology.},
}

Animals
Humans
*Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology/etiology
*Environmental Pollutants
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes
Pandemics
Allergens
Pyroglyphidae

@article {pmid38541942,
year = {2024},
author = {Al-Hakim, A and Kacar, M and Savic, S},
title = {The Scope and Impact of Viral Infections in Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) and CVID-like Disorders: A Literature Review.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {13},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm13061717},
pmid = {38541942},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) is a heterogeneous primary immunodeficiency disorder characterised by impaired antibody production, leading to recurrent infections and an increased susceptibility to viral pathogens. This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of CVID's relationship with viral infections, encompassing disease pathogenesis, key presenting features, specific monogenic susceptibilities, the impact of COVID-19, and existing treatment options. The pathogenesis of CVID involves complex immunological dysregulation, including defects in B cell development, antibody class switching, and plasma cell differentiation. These abnormalities contribute to an impaired humoral immune response against viral agents, predisposing individuals with CVID to a broad range of viral infections. Genetic factors play a prominent role in CVID, and monogenic drivers of CVID-like disease are increasingly identified through advanced genomic studies. Some monogenic causes of the CVID-like phenotype appear to cause specific viral susceptibilities, and these are explored in the review. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted CVID patients' heightened predisposition to severe outcomes with viral infections. This review explores the clinical manifestations, outcomes, and potential therapeutic approaches for COVID-19 in CVID patients. It assesses the efficacy of prophylactic measures for COVID-19, including vaccination and immunoglobulin replacement therapy, as well as trialled therapies.},
}

@article {pmid38541861,
year = {2024},
author = {Romenskaya, T and Longhitano, Y and Mahajan, A and Savioli, G and Voza, A and Tesauro, M and Zanza, C},
title = {Extra-Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Pregnancy.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {13},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm13061634},
pmid = {38541861},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a cardiac or pulmonary function support system that is used in cases of refractory organ failure in addition to conventional treatment. Currently, Level I evidence is not yet available, which reflects improved outcomes with ECMO in pregnant women, the use in pregnancy should be indicated in selected cases and only in specialized centers. We searched articles in the most important scientific databases from 2009 until 31 December 2023 consulting also the site ClinicalTrials.com to find out about studies that have been recently conducted or are currently ongoing. We matched the combination of the following keywords: "ECMO and pregnancy", "H1N1 and pregnancy", "COVID-19 and pregnancy", "ARDS and pregnancy", "ECMO and pregnancy AND (cardiac arrest)". We selected the following number of articles for each keyword combination: "ECMO and pregnancy" (665 articles); "ECMO and influenza H1N1" (384 articles); "pregnancy and influenza H1N1" (1006 articles); "pregnancy and ARDS" (2930 articles); "ECMO and pregnancy and ARDS and influenza H1N1" (24 articles); and "[ECMO and pregnancy AND (cardiac arrest)]" (74 articles). After careful inspection, only 43 papers fitted our scope. There are two types of ECMO: venous-venous (VV-ECMO) and venous-arterial (VA-ECMO). The first-one is necessary to cope with severe hypoxia: oxygen-depleted blood is taken from the venous circulation, oxygenated, and carbon dioxide removed from the extracorporeal circuit and returned to the same venous system. The VA-ECMO is a type of mechanical assistance to the circulatory system that allows to put the failing organ at rest by ensuring adequate oxygenation and systemic de-oxygenation, avoiding multi-organ failure. The main indications for ECMO support in pregnant women are cardiogenic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pulmonary embolism, and eclampsia. There are also fetal indications for ECMO, and they are fetal distress, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), and twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). Until now, based on the outcomes of the numerous clinical studies conducted, ECMO has been shown to be a successful therapeutic strategy in cases where medical treatment has been unsuccessful. In well-selected pregnant patients, it appears to be safe and associated with a low risk of maternal and fetal complications. The aim of this review is to report the main properties of ECMO (VV and VA) and the indications for its use in pregnant women.},
}

@article {pmid38541641,
year = {2024},
author = {Tsigkas, G and Bozika, M and Nastouli, KM and Apostolos, A and Routoula, M and Georga, AM and Latta, A and Papageorgiou, A and Papafaklis, MI and Leventopoulos, G and Karamasis, GV and Davlouros, P},
title = {Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection and COVID-19: A Review of the Literature.},
journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/life14030315},
pmid = {38541641},
issn = {2075-1729},
abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While the cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 have been thoroughly described, there are limited published studies in the literature establishing a connection between spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) and COVID-19. Cardiovascular manifestations include, among others, myocarditis, acute myocardial infraction, and thrombosis. In general, SCAD is an uncommon and underdiagnosed cause of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), particularly in younger women and in patients with underlying fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). Many patients with SCAD often report significant emotional stress, especially in relation with job loss, during the week preceding their cardiac event. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to societal stress and increased unemployment, factors that have been associated with cardiovascular morbidity. SCAD emerges as a rare manifestation of coronary artery disease, which a few recent case reports link to COVID-19. The aim of this article is to summarize the relevant data on the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and SCAD along with a review of the reported cases on acute coronary syndrome (ACS) following SARS-CoV2 infection and, thus, to provide insights about the relationship between COVID-19 and SCAD.},
}

@article {pmid38541374,
year = {2024},
author = {Armaou, M and Pears, M and Konstantinidis, ST and Blake, H},
title = {Evolution of Primary Research Studies in Digital Interventions for Mental Well-Being Promotion from 2004 to 2023: A Bibliometric Analysis of Studies on the Web of Science.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {21},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph21030375},
pmid = {38541374},
issn = {1660-4601},
mesh = {Humans ; Mental Health ; *Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ; Anxiety ; Bibliometrics ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {Research into digital interventions for mental well-being promotion has grown in recent years, fuelled by the need to improve mental health prevention strategies and respond to challenges arising from the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. This bibliometric analysis provides a structured overview of publication trends and themes in primary research studies reporting an array of digital interventions indexed at WoS from 2004 to 2023. Bibliometric data were collected on a sample of 1117 documents and analysed using the Biblioshiny package. Supplemental network visualisation analysis was conducted using VosViewer. The study, based on Web of Science and Scopus databases, indicates a marked increase in publications post-2020. There were seven groups of research themes clustered around "Mindfulness", "Anxiety", "COVID-19", "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy", "Depression", "Web-based", and "Positive Psychology". Further, results demonstrated the growth of specific themes (e.g., mindfulness, mhealth), the defining impact of COVID-19 studies, and the importance of both randomised controlled trials and formative research. Overall, research in the field is still early in its development and is expected to continue to grow. Findings highlight the field's dynamic response to societal and technological changes, suggesting a future trajectory that leans increasingly on digital platforms for mental health promotion and intervention. Finally, study limitations and implications for future studies are discussed.},
}

Humans
Mental Health
*Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
Anxiety
Bibliometrics
*COVID-19/epidemiology

@article {pmid38541324,
year = {2024},
author = {Sweis, JJG and Alnaimat, F and Esparza, V and Prasad, S and Azam, A and Modi, Z and Al-Awqati, M and Jetanalin, P and Sweis, NJ and Ascoli, C and Novak, RM and Rubinstein, I and Papanikolaou, IC and Sweiss, N},
title = {From Acute Infection to Prolonged Health Consequences: Understanding Health Disparities and Economic Implications in Long COVID Worldwide.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {21},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph21030325},
pmid = {38541324},
issn = {1660-4601},
mesh = {Humans ; *Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Health Inequities ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a growing number of patients experiencing persistent symptoms and physiological changes after recovering from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, known as Long COVID. Long COVID is characterized by recurring symptoms and inflammation across multiple organ systems. Diagnosis can be challenging, influenced by factors like demographics, comorbidities, and immune responses. Long COVID impacts various organ systems and can have neuropsychological effects. Health disparities, particularly related to race, contribute to a higher burden of infection and ongoing symptoms in minority populations. Managing Long COVID entails addressing a spectrum of symptoms that encompass physical, cognitive, and psychological aspects. The recovery period for patients with Long COVID can vary significantly, influenced by factors like the severity of the disease, hospitalization, comorbidities, and age. Currently, there are no universally effective treatments, although certain interventions show promise, necessitating further research. Self-management and rehabilitation programs can provide relief, but more research is needed to establish their effectiveness. Preventive measures such as vaccination and the use of antiviral medications and metformin. It is imperative to conduct further research to develop evidence-based guidelines and gain a better understanding of the long-term implications of COVID-19. Long COVID could have substantial economic impact on the labor market, productivity, healthcare expenditures, and overall economic growth. To address the challenges patients with long-term complications face, there is a focus on strategies like promoting telework and flexible work arrangements to accommodate diverse symptoms, particularly chronic fatigue and other Long COVID effects. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the multifaceted complexity of Long COVID and the ongoing need to address its potential long-term health and economic impacts.},
}

Humans
*Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Pandemics
SARS-CoV-2
Health Inequities

@article {pmid38541286,
year = {2024},
author = {Emami, SG and Lorenzoni, V and Turchetti, G},
title = {Towards Resilient Healthcare Systems: A Framework for Crisis Management.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {21},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph21030286},
pmid = {38541286},
issn = {1660-4601},
mesh = {Humans ; *Resilience, Psychological ; Delivery of Health Care ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {This study addresses the crucial need for resilient healthcare systems, highlighted by recent global health emergencies such as the Ebola and COVID-19 crises. It identifies a significant gap in the current literature: a lack of practical, actionable frameworks for healthcare resilience. To bridge this gap, the research introduces an innovative framework that blends theoretical resilience concepts with heuristic approaches. This framework, rooted in the principles of monitoring, anticipation, recognition, and learning, is designed to enhance the crisis management capabilities of healthcare systems. The methodology involves a comprehensive literature review, combined with heuristic methods, culminating in a framework that is both academically sound and practically applicable. This framework guides healthcare systems through various stages of crisis management, including data collection, situation analysis, risk anticipation, and response evaluation. It provides a holistic approach to enhancing resilience in healthcare settings. Overall, this paper makes a significant contribution to the field of healthcare system resilience, offering a strategic blueprint for improved crisis response and recovery. It marks an important advancement in aligning theoretical resilience concepts with practical implementation strategies, essential for tackling current and future healthcare challenges.},
}

Humans
*Resilience, Psychological
Delivery of Health Care
*COVID-19/epidemiology

@article {pmid38541245,
year = {2024},
author = {Figueiredo, E and Margaça, C and Hernández-Sánchez, B and Sánchez-García, JC},
title = {Teleworking Effects on Mental Health-A Systematic Review and a Research Agenda.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {21},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph21030243},
pmid = {38541245},
issn = {1660-4601},
mesh = {Humans ; *Mental Health ; *Teleworking ; Knowledge ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {Teleworking has become an increasingly adopted modality in organizations. However, changes in working conditions have led to several challenges regarding its impacts on professionals' health. The aim of this study is to provide a systematic review of the literature about the impact of teleworking on workers' mental health. The PRISMA protocol and VOSviewer were used to identify the main trends from the set of 64 articles. The co-occurrence analyzes showed combined relationships between this new type of work and its effects on workers' health, which resulted in four different clusters and a robust knowledge structure. Furthermore, the findings indicate that working from home has a dualistic nature. This study offers a prominent and promising framework regarding the teleworking impact on workers' health research agenda.},
}

Humans
*Mental Health
*Teleworking
Knowledge
Pandemics

@article {pmid38537242,
year = {2024},
author = {Abdo-Francis, JM and Moreno-Alcantar, R and Pérez-Hernández, JL and Remes-Troche, JM and Velasco, AV and Cerda-Reyes, E and Tijera, FH and Castro-Narro, G},
title = {Impact of COVID-19 on pre-existing liver disease.},
journal = {Cirugia y cirujanos},
volume = {92},
number = {1},
pages = {131-136},
doi = {10.24875/CIRU.23000409},
pmid = {38537242},
issn = {2444-054X},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Liver Cirrhosis/complications ; *Liver Diseases/complications ; },
abstract = {Patients with chronic liver disease of any etiology who become infected with SARS-CoV-2 have been found to have a higher risk of mortality compared to those patients who do not have chronic liver disease. A literature review was conducted in the relationship between COVID 19 and preexistence of liver disease. The proportion of COVID-19 patients with abnormal liver function on admission ranged from 40 % to 75 % and the proportion with liver injury was close to 30%. Current studies show an important association between preexisting liver disease and COVID-19. The presence of cirrhosis is now an independent predictor of severity for COVID-19 and prolonged hospitalization in this group of patients. Patients with cirrhosis have a higher mortality rate, and this rate rises with increasing severity.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications
SARS-CoV-2
Liver Cirrhosis/complications
*Liver Diseases/complications

@article {pmid38471667,
year = {2024},
author = {Ghelfenstein-Ferreira, T and Serris, A and Salmona, M and Lanternier, F and Alanio, A},
title = {Revealing the hidden interplay: The unexplored relationship between fungi and viruses beyond HIV, SARS-CoV-2, and influenza.},
journal = {Medical mycology},
volume = {62},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/mmy/myae021},
pmid = {38471667},
issn = {1460-2709},
mesh = {Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Influenza, Human/complications ; *COVID-19/complications/veterinary ; Ecosystem ; *Viruses ; Fungi ; *Pulmonary Aspergillosis/veterinary ; *HIV Infections/complications/veterinary ; },
abstract = {The complex interaction between viruses and fungi has profound implications, especially given the significant impact of these microorganisms on human health. While well-known examples such as HIV, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2 are recognized as risk factors for invasive fungal diseases, the relationship between viruses and fungi remains largely underexplored outside of these cases. Fungi and viruses can engage in symbiotic or synergistic interactions. Remarkably, some viruses, known as mycoviruses, can directly infect fungi, may influencing their phenotype and potentially their virulence. In addition, viruses and fungi can coexist within the human microbiome, a complex ecosystem of microorganisms. Under certain conditions, viral infection might predispose the host to an invasive fungal infection, as observed with influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis or COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis. We aim in this review to highlight potential connections between fungi and viruses (CMV and other herpesviruses, HTLV-1 and respiratory viruses), excluding SARS-CoV-2 and influenza.},
}

Humans
SARS-CoV-2
*Influenza, Human/complications
*COVID-19/complications/veterinary
Ecosystem
*Viruses
Fungi
*Pulmonary Aspergillosis/veterinary
*HIV Infections/complications/veterinary

@article {pmid38090858,
year = {2024},
author = {Agarwal, S and Srivastava, R and Kumar, S and Prajapati, YK},
title = {COVID-19 Detection Using Contemporary Biosensors and Machine Learning Approach: A Review.},
journal = {IEEE transactions on nanobioscience},
volume = {23},
number = {2},
pages = {291-299},
doi = {10.1109/TNB.2023.3342126},
pmid = {38090858},
issn = {1558-2639},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnosis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Algorithms ; Machine Learning ; Pandemics ; *Biosensing Techniques ; },
abstract = {The current global pandemic not only claims countless human lives but also rocks the economies of every country on the planet. This fact needs the development of novel, productive, and efficient techniques to detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This review article discusses the current state of SARS-CoV-2 virus detection methods such as electrochemical, fluorescent, and electronic, etc., as well as the potential of optical sensors with a wide range of novel approaches and models. This review provides a comprehensive comparison of various detection methods by comparing the various techniques in depth. In addition, there is a brief discussion of the futuristic approach combining optical sensors with machine learning algorithms. It is believed that this study would prove to be critical for the scientific community to explore solutions for detecting viruses with improved functionality.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/diagnosis
SARS-CoV-2
Algorithms
Machine Learning
Pandemics
*Biosensing Techniques

@article {pmid36877674,
year = {2024},
author = {Clarke, KM and Barari, A and Hogue, A and Dubrowski, A},
title = {Using a Delphi Method Approach to Select Theoretical Underpinnings of Crowdsourcing and Rank Their Application to a Crowdsourcing App.},
journal = {Simulation in healthcare : journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare},
volume = {19},
number = {2},
pages = {65-74},
doi = {10.1097/SIH.0000000000000719},
pmid = {36877674},
issn = {1559-713X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Crowdsourcing/methods ; *Mobile Applications ; Delphi Technique ; Pandemics ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Since the catapult of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, most simulation laboratories are now completed virtually, leaving a gap in skills training and potential for technical skills decay. Acquiring standard, commercially available simulators is prohibitively expensive, but three-dimensional (3D) printing may provide an alternative. This project aimed to develop the theoretical foundations of a crowdsourcing Web-based application (Web app) to fill the gap in health professions simulation training equipment via community-based 3D printing. We aimed to discover how to effectively leverage crowdsourcing with local 3D printers and use these resources to produce simulators via this Web app accessed through computers or smart devices.

METHODS: First, a scoping literature review was conducted to discover the theoretical underpinnings of crowdsourcing. Second, these review results were ranked by consumer (health field) and producer (3D printing field) groups via modified Delphi method surveys to determine suitable community engagement strategies for the Web app. Third, the results informed different app iteration ideas and were then generalized beyond the app to address scenarios entailing environmental changes and demands.

RESULTS: A scoping review revealed 8 crowdsourcing-related theories. Three were deemed most suitable for our context by both participant groups: Motivation Crowding Theory, Social Exchange Theory, and Transaction Cost Theory. Each theory proposed a different crowdsourcing solution that can streamline additive manufacturing within simulation while applicable to multiple contexts.

CONCLUSIONS: Results will be aggregated to develop this flexible Web app that adapts to stakeholder needs and ultimately solves this gap by delivering home-based simulation via community mobilization.},
}

Humans
*Crowdsourcing/methods
*Mobile Applications
Delphi Technique
Pandemics
Surveys and Questionnaires

@article {pmid38541111,
year = {2024},
author = {Pitak-Arnnop, P and Ngamskulrungroj, P and Mahanonda, N and Auychai, P and Frech, B and Shavlokhova, V and Stoll, C},
title = {Current German Recommendations and International Research on the Use of COVID-19 Boosters among Health Care Providers in 2024: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)},
volume = {60},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/medicina60030385},
pmid = {38541111},
issn = {1648-9144},
abstract = {While the World Health Organization (WHO) has de-escalated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from a global health emergency, ongoing discussions persist as new viral variants. This article aimed to consolidate German recommendations and international research to offer health care providers (HCPs) a comprehensive guide on COVID-19 boosters in 2024. The review outlines key recommendations from the German Robert Koch Institute. HCPs should receive COVID-19 boosters at least 12 months after their last vaccination or COVID-19 infection, contingent on the prevalent viral variant(s) in the region. However, excessive doses and/or frequent boosters, especially with mRNA vaccines, may lead to immune imprinting, T-cell exhaustion, and immunoglobulin (Ig) switching. Notably, this review highlights the significance of Ig, particularly IgA and IgG subclasses, in influencing infection risk and disease progression. Furthermore, it explores the implications of mRNA vaccine technology and potential adverse effects related to excessive dosing. In conclusion, this article provides a comprehensive analysis of COVID-19 vaccine boosters for HCPs, synthesising current recommendations, scientific debates, and considerations for optimising protection against SARS-CoV-2 in the evolving landscape of the post-pandemic era.},
}

@article {pmid38541038,
year = {2024},
author = {Ahn, C and Park, Y},
title = {Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Mortality and Hospitalization during the COVID-19 Pandemic Compared with before the Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Journal of personalized medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jpm14030296},
pmid = {38541038},
issn = {2075-4426},
support = {VHSMC 23011//VHS Medical Center Research Grant/ ; },
abstract = {This study aimed to assess the impact of the pandemic on hospitalization and mortality rates among patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). We conducted a systematic search across three medical databases for studies comparing the AECOPD mortality and hospitalization rates during the COVID-19 pandemic with those before the pandemic, up until December 2023. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines, we performed a meta-analysis with a random-effects model to pool odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and heterogeneity (I[2]). From 4689 records, 21 studies met our inclusion criteria. Our analysis revealed a significant increase in in-hospital mortality during the pandemic (pooled OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.17-1.39, I[2] = 50%). Subgroup analysis highlighted a more pronounced mortality risk in single-center studies and smaller populations. Conversely, hospitalization rates for AECOPD significantly declined during the pandemic (pooled OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.18-0.85, I[2] = 99%). The study demonstrates that during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a substantial decrease in hospital admissions for AECOPD and an increase in in-hospital deaths. This shows that better healthcare plans and pandemic preparedness are needed to help people with chronic conditions.},
}

@article {pmid38541023,
year = {2024},
author = {Akbar, FN and Choirida, SR and Muttaqin, AZ and Ekayanti, F and Nisa, H and Hendarto, H},
title = {Telemedicine as an Option for Monitoring Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) Patients Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Journal of personalized medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jpm14030281},
pmid = {38541023},
issn = {2075-4426},
abstract = {Healthcare visits were reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic, causing disturbances in sustainable MAFLD monitoring. Telemedicine acts to maintain connectivity between patients and healthcare professionals. This review aimed to assess the role of telemedicine in monitoring MAFLD during the pandemic. Databases searched included l PubMed Central and ScienceDirect from 2020 to 2023. Assessment with The Cochrane Risk of Bias for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for non-RCTs systematic reviews. Meta-analyses employing a random-effect model were performed to determine the pooled mean difference (MD) and p-value. The results showed three RCT and two non-RCT (n = 239) with 56.9% males and a mean age of 51.3 years. The median intervention duration was 5.5 months. The parameters assessed included body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, liver function (AST/ALT), lipid profile, HbA1c, and others. Meta-analysis revealed that telemedicine had a significant effect on improving outcomes for BW (MD -2.81: 95% CI, -4.11, -1.51, p < 0.0001) and BMI (MD -1.01: 95% CI, -1.47, -0.55, p < 0.0001) compared to standard care, while the AST/ALT levels were not significantly reduced. Some biochemical markers decreased based on the systematic reviews. In conclusion, telemedicine using mobile-based applications could be an option for monitoring lifestyle modification in MAFLD patients facing the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}

@article {pmid38540923,
year = {2024},
author = {Żurek, J and Rudy, M},
title = {Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Changes in Consumer Purchasing Behavior in the Food Market with a Focus on Meat and Meat Products-A Comprehensive Literature Review.},
journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/foods13060933},
pmid = {38540923},
issn = {2304-8158},
abstract = {The coronavirus has wreaked havoc on the global economy before the eyes of the entire world. Due to evolving consumer needs and expectations during the pandemic, the supply and demand for various goods and services varied from the pre-COVID-19 period. This article aims to understand the changes in purchasing and food choices, focusing particularly on meat and meat products, made by consumers and households in response to the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The study also indicates the impact directions of these changes and assesses the magnitude of the contribution of various determinants that influenced them. The literature review from 2020 to 2023 was conducted using Scopus and the Web of Science scientific databases. The study identified sociodemographic and individual factors as the main determinants influencing consumers' purchasing or eating behavior. Positive shifts (e.g., implementing strategies to better manage food at home through activities like creating shopping lists, the average increase in consumer spending during store visits, and decrease in visit frequencies) or negative changes (e.g., shortages of food products in stores due to consumer panic buying, unusually high demand resulting from stockpiling, purchasing fewer fresh products, increased consumption of unhealthy foods and snacking, among other factors) during isolation were influenced by various individual factors (e.g., motivation, mental state) or sociodemographic factors (e.g., gender, age, income level, education). While individual factors had a greater impact on changes in consumer behavior in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, socio-demographic factors became more important as the pandemic progressed.},
}

@article {pmid38540703,
year = {2024},
author = {Pasala, C and Sharma, S and Roychowdhury, T and Moroni, E and Colombo, G and Chiosis, G},
title = {N-Glycosylation as a Modulator of Protein Conformation and Assembly in Disease.},
journal = {Biomolecules},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biom14030282},
pmid = {38540703},
issn = {2218-273X},
support = {P01 CA186866/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; RF1 AG071805/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Glycosylation, a prevalent post-translational modification, plays a pivotal role in regulating intricate cellular processes by covalently attaching glycans to macromolecules. Dysregulated glycosylation is linked to a spectrum of diseases, encompassing cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, congenital disorders, infections, and inflammation. This review delves into the intricate interplay between glycosylation and protein conformation, with a specific focus on the profound impact of N-glycans on the selection of distinct protein conformations characterized by distinct interactomes-namely, protein assemblies-under normal and pathological conditions across various diseases. We begin by examining the spike protein of the SARS virus, illustrating how N-glycans regulate the infectivity of pathogenic agents. Subsequently, we utilize the prion protein and the chaperone glucose-regulated protein 94 as examples, exploring instances where N-glycosylation transforms physiological protein structures into disease-associated forms. Unraveling these connections provides valuable insights into potential therapeutic avenues and a deeper comprehension of the molecular intricacies that underlie disease conditions. This exploration of glycosylation's influence on protein conformation effectively bridges the gap between the glycome and disease, offering a comprehensive perspective on the therapeutic implications of targeting conformational mutants and their pathologic assemblies in various diseases. The goal is to unravel the nuances of these post-translational modifications, shedding light on how they contribute to the intricate interplay between protein conformation, assembly, and disease.},
}

@article {pmid38540654,
year = {2024},
author = {Fordjour, GA and Chan, CL},
title = {Research Trends of Studies on Psychosocial and Health-Related Behaviours of Foreign Domestic Workers in Asia Pacific: A Bibliometric Analysis.},
journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {12},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/healthcare12060690},
pmid = {38540654},
issn = {2227-9032},
abstract = {Foreign domestic workers (FDWs) face challenges that impact their psychosocial well-being and health behaviours. This study utilized bibliometric analyses to examine research trends on the psychosocial and health-related behaviours of FDWs in the Asia Pacific region. The bibliometric analysis comprised citation analysis and co-occurrence analysis. A systematic literature search in academic databases, including Scopus, identified 73 relevant articles published from 1996 to 2023. The growth trend revealed a steady increase in the number of publications on FDWs' psychosocial and health-related behaviours in Asia over the years, with significant growth from 2018 to 2023, indicating an increasing interest in this research area. The citation analysis identified influential studies, active authors, and sources with high publication numbers in this research area. The analysis also examined the geographical distribution of studies, identifying the countries and organizations in Asia that contributed significantly to FDW research. The co-occurrence analysis of keywords identified key themes and concepts in the literature. The most active keywords identified include "COVID-19", "Depression", "Foreign Domestic Workers", "Mental Health", and "Quality of Life". In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the current trends and state of knowledge on the psychosocial and health-related behaviours of FDWs in the Asia Pacific region.},
}

@article {pmid38540631,
year = {2024},
author = {Mayers, T and Sakamoto, A and Inokuchi, R and Hanari, K and Ring, HZ and Tamiya, N},
title = {Situation, Education, Innovation, and Recommendation: A Large-Scale Systematic Review of Advance Care Planning in the Age of COVID-19.},
journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {12},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/healthcare12060667},
pmid = {38540631},
issn = {2227-9032},
support = {22CA2028//Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan/ ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for advance care planning (ACP) as a way to help mitigate the various care concerns that accompanied the healthcare crisis. However, unique obstacles to typical ACP practice necessitated the need for guidance and innovation to help facilitate these vital conversations. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the various ACP barriers and facilitators that arose during the pandemic and determine how ACP practice was affected across different contexts and among different populations. This systematic review (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022359092), which adheres to the PRISMA guidelines for reporting systematic reviews, examined studies on ACP in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The review involved searches of five databases, including MEDLINE and Embase. Of the 843 identified studies, 115 met the inclusion criteria. The extracted ACP barriers and facilitators were codified and quantified. The most frequently occurring ACP barrier codes were: Social distancing measures and visitation restrictions, Uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 prognosis, and Technological/Telehealth barriers. The most frequently occurring ACP facilitator codes were the following: Telehealth/virtual ACP platforms, Training for clinicians, and Care team collaboration. Identifying the ACP barriers and facilitators is essential for developing effective, resilient ACP promotion strategies and improving its delivery, accessibility, and acceptability.},
}

@article {pmid38540583,
year = {2024},
author = {Stampa, S and Thienel, C and Tokgöz, P and Razum, O and Dockweiler, C},
title = {Factors Facilitating and Inhibiting the Implementation of Telerehabilitation-A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {12},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/healthcare12060619},
pmid = {38540583},
issn = {2227-9032},
support = {//Deutsche Rentenversicherung (Germany)/ ; },
abstract = {Due to the coronavirus pandemic, telerehabilitation has become increasingly important worldwide. While the effectiveness of telerehabilitation is considered proven for many indications, there is comparatively little knowledge about the implementation conditions. Therefore, this scoping review summarises the current state of facilitating and inhibiting factors that may influence the uptake of telerehabilitation. The review follows the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. The article search was carried out in five databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane and Psyndex) in May 2022, with an update in October 2023. Two independent researchers identified relevant studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research served as the theoretical basis for the categorisation of the facilitating and inhibiting criteria in the organisational context. A total of 28 studies (timespan 2012 to 2023) have been included. The most relevant barriers identified are technical issues and a lack of technical skills. The factors considered most favourable for implementation are patients' motivation and the involvement of high-level leaders. The results provide clear indications of factors that inhibit and facilitate implementation, but also show that further research is needed.},
}

@article {pmid38540571,
year = {2024},
author = {Mohamed Nour, M and Kisa, A},
title = {Political Leaders' Communication Strategies during COVID-19 in Highly Infected Countries: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {12},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/healthcare12060607},
pmid = {38540571},
issn = {2227-9032},
abstract = {This scoping review maps communication strategies employed by political leaders in countries that experienced high infection rates during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the Arksey and O'Malley scoping review framework, this study systematically explored the literature from 2019 to October 2023. The process involved identifying and selecting relevant studies, charting them, and summarizing the data from the 40 articles that met the inclusion criteria. This review identified a diverse array of communication strategies, which highlight the complex nature of crisis communication. These strategies featured the use of social media, science-based policy communication, strategic narrative control, empathy, ideological influences, and storytelling. These six approaches underscore the importance of adaptability and context-specific strategies in political leadership during a health crisis. The findings demonstrate that political communication during the pandemic varied significantly and was influenced by factors such as media platform, political ideology, gender, and non-verbal cues. This review enriches our understanding of crisis communication in political contexts. It emphasizes the necessity of combining traditional and digital media and considering various sociopolitical factors. The insights gained are crucial for enhancing crisis management and public trust, and they set the stage for further research and practical application in crisis communication.},
}

@article {pmid38540252,
year = {2024},
author = {Lazar, M and Sandulescu, M and Barbu, EC and Chitu-Tisu, CE and Andreescu, DI and Anton, AN and Erculescu, TM and Petre, AM and Duca, GT and Simion, V and Padiu, IF and Pacurar, CG and Rosca, R and Simian, TM and Oprea, CA and Ion, DA},
title = {The Role of Cytokines and Molecular Pathways in Lung Fibrosis Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Physiopathologic (Re)view.},
journal = {Biomedicines},
volume = {12},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biomedicines12030639},
pmid = {38540252},
issn = {2227-9059},
abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 infection is a significant health concern that needs to be addressed not only during the initial phase of infection but also after hospitalization. This is the consequence of the various pathologies associated with long COVID-19, which are still being studied and researched. Lung fibrosis is an important complication after COVID-19, found in up to 71% of patients after discharge. Our research is based on scientific articles indexed in PubMed; in the selection process, we used the following keywords: "lung fibrosis", "fibrosis mediators", "fibrosis predictors", "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2 infection", and "long COVID-19". In this narrative review, we aimed to discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms of initiation and progression of post-COVID-19 lung fibrosis (PC-19-LF) and the risk factors for its occurrence. The pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis involves various mediators such as TGF-β, legumain, osteopontin, IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, IL-17, TNF-α, Gal-1, Gal-3, PDGF, and FGFR-1. The key cellular effectors involved in COVID-19 lung fibrosis are macrophages, epithelial alveolar cells, neutrophils, and fibroblasts. The main fibrosis pathways in SARS-CoV-2 infection include hypoxemia-induced fibrosis, macrophage-induced fibrosis, and viral-fibroblast interaction-induced fibrosis.},
}

@article {pmid38540178,
year = {2024},
author = {Eggenhuizen, PJ and Ooi, JD},
title = {The Influence of Cross-Reactive T Cells in COVID-19.},
journal = {Biomedicines},
volume = {12},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biomedicines12030564},
pmid = {38540178},
issn = {2227-9059},
support = {NA//Monash Health/ ; Research Training Program//Australian Government/ ; },
abstract = {Memory T cells form from the adaptive immune response to historic infections or vaccinations. Some memory T cells have the potential to recognise unrelated pathogens like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and generate cross-reactive immune responses. Notably, such T cell cross-reactivity has been observed between SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses. T cell cross-reactivity has also been observed between SARS-CoV-2 variants from unrelated microbes and unrelated vaccinations against influenza A, tuberculosis and measles, mumps and rubella. Extensive research and debate is underway to understand the mechanism and role of T cell cross-reactivity and how it relates to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. Here, we review the evidence for the ability of pre-existing memory T cells to cross-react with SARS-CoV-2. We discuss the latest findings on the impact of T cell cross-reactivity and the extent to which it can cross-protect from COVID-19.},
}

@article {pmid38539358,
year = {2024},
author = {Shenoy, P and Etcheverry, A and Ia, J and Witmans, M and Tablizo, MA},
title = {Melatonin Use in Pediatrics: A Clinical Review on Indications, Multisystem Effects, and Toxicity.},
journal = {Children (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {11},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/children11030323},
pmid = {38539358},
issn = {2227-9067},
abstract = {Exogenous melatonin is typically used for sleep regulation in the context of insomnia either in healthy children or those with neurodevelopmental disabilities. It is also used for the management of circadian rhythm sleep disorders in pediatric and adolescent patients. There are also many other possible indications that we will discuss in this paper beyond the role of melatonin for sleep regulation, including its potential use for various areas of medicine such as inflammatory conditions. Since melatonin is unregulated in the United States, distributed over the counter and perceived to be natural and safe, it has become available in many forms in the last two decades. With increasing sleep disturbances and mental health problems after the COVID-19 pandemic, melatonin has become even more popular and studies have shown a dramatic increase in use as well as resulting side effects, including melatonin overdose. As melatonin is generally viewed by physicians as a benign medication, we hope to increase awareness of melatonin's properties as well as negative side effects to optimize its use in the pediatric population.},
}

@article {pmid38539202,
year = {2024},
author = {Hussein, HAM and Thabet, AA and Wardany, AA and El-Adly, AM and Ali, M and Hassan, MEA and Abdeldayem, MAB and Mohamed, AMA and Sobhy, A and El-Mokhtar, MA and Afifi, MM and Fathy, SM and Sultan, S},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: role of viral proteins and genomic diversity in virus infection and COVID-19 progression.},
journal = {Virology journal},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {75},
pmid = {38539202},
issn = {1743-422X},
abstract = {The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); a severe respiratory distress that has emerged from the city of Wuhan, Hubei province, China during December 2019. COVID-19 is currently the major global health problem and the disease has now spread to most countries in the world. COVID-19 has profoundly impacted human health and activities worldwide. Genetic mutation is one of the essential characteristics of viruses. They do so to adapt to their host or to move to another one. Viral genetic mutations have a high potentiality to impact human health as these mutations grant viruses unique unpredicted characteristics. The difficulty in predicting viral genetic mutations is a significant obstacle in the field. Evidence indicates that SARS-CoV-2 has a variety of genetic mutations and genomic diversity with obvious clinical consequences and implications. In this review, we comprehensively summarized and discussed the currently available knowledge regarding SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks with a fundamental focus on the role of the viral proteins and their mutations in viral infection and COVID-19 progression. We also summarized the clinical implications of SARS-CoV-2 variants and how they affect the disease severity and hinder vaccine development. Finally, we provided a massive phylogenetic analysis of the spike gene of 214 SARS-CoV-2 isolates from different geographical regions all over the world and their associated clinical implications.},
}

@article {pmid38538434,
year = {2024},
author = {Cathébras, P and Kohout, É and Savall, A and Goutte, J},
title = {[Health anxiety: Another epidemic to prepare for].},
journal = {La Revue de medecine interne},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.revmed.2024.03.002},
pmid = {38538434},
issn = {1768-3122},
abstract = {Health anxiety (HA) is a frequent problem (up to 20% of consultants in the context of secondary care) responsible for decreased well-being, disability, somatic and psychiatric complications, which contributes to high healthcare expenditures at the population level. It is likely, if not definitely established, that the prevalence of ACS is increasing, and this can partly be explained by the growing medicalization of society in general, the appetite of Media for health issues, and the uncontrolled use of the Internet (which can lead certain vulnerable subjects to cyberchondria). The pandemic of COVID-19 could have contributed to it, at least by the significant increase in the overall level of psychological distress in the population it has caused, although this has not formally been demonstrated to date. The diagnosis of ACS is easy, as soon as its assessment is considered as a mandatory part of any medical consultation. Certain intuitive attitudes of doctors, such as reassurance, prove to be iatrogenic for the patient with HA. The management of HA can be facilitated by an acculturation of physicians to cognitive conceptions of anxiety in general and HA in particular. HA is effectively treatable by certain psychotherapy and in the first place cognitive and behavioral therapies (CBT), but the availability of trained therapists and accessible at a lower cost is sorely lacking, particularly in France.},
}

@article {pmid38538017,
year = {2024},
author = {Coccola, DE and Remy, KE and Cheifetz, IM},
title = {Obesity and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.},
journal = {Respiratory care},
volume = {69},
number = {4},
pages = {474-481},
doi = {10.4187/respcare.11565},
pmid = {38538017},
issn = {1943-3654},
abstract = {Obesity is increasing in prevalence worldwide and carries a theoretical increased risk of morbidity and mortality in critical illness, including hypercoagulability, thrombosis, and renal dysfunction. Obesity has historically been considered a relative contraindication to candidacy for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); however, recent research has suggested that obesity may be associated with improved outcomes in ECMO. This review was conducted to assess and synthesize the existing literature on ECMO outcomes in the obese population. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and CENTRAL databases for obesity and ECMO outcomes, and articles were screened independently by 2 authors. The selection process yielded 29 articles, with one ambispective and 28 retrospective cohort studies. Analyses of these studies show no evidence of globally increased mortality or complications in obesity. Prospective evaluation is needed to further investigate this relationship, but there is currently no evidence to support using body mass index as exclusionary criteria for ECMO.},
}

@article {pmid38537538,
year = {2024},
author = {Bhattacharya, M and Chatterjee, S and Saxena, S and Nandi, SS and Lee, SS and Chakraborty, C},
title = {Current landscape of long COVID clinical trials.},
journal = {International immunopharmacology},
volume = {132},
number = {},
pages = {111930},
doi = {10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111930},
pmid = {38537538},
issn = {1878-1705},
abstract = {Long COVID was reported as a multi-systemic condition after the infection of SARS-CoV-2, and more than 65 million people are suffering from this disease. It has been noted that around 10% of severe SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals are suffering from the enduring effects of long COVID. The symptoms of long COVID have also been noted in several mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. While limited reports on clinical trials investigating new therapeutics for long COVID exist, there is an abundance of scattered information available regarding these trials. This review explores the extensive literature search, and complete clinical trial database search to map the current status of long COVID clinical trials worldwide. The study listed about 110 long COVID clinical trials. In addition to conducting extensive long COVID clinical trials, we have comprehensively presented an overview of the condition, its symptoms, notable manifestations, associated clinical trials, the unique challenges it poses, and our recommendations for addressing long COVID.},
}

@article {pmid38537476,
year = {2024},
author = {Kisielinski, K and Hockertz, S and Hirsch, O and Korupp, S and Klosterhalfen, B and Schnepf, A and Dyker, G},
title = {Wearing face masks as a potential source for inhalation and oral uptake of inanimate toxins - A scoping review.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology and environmental safety},
volume = {275},
number = {},
pages = {115858},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115858},
pmid = {38537476},
issn = {1090-2414},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: From 2020 to 2023 many people around the world were forced to wear masks for large proportions of the day based on mandates and laws. We aimed to study the potential of face masks for the content and release of inanimate toxins.

METHODS: A scoping review of 1003 studies was performed (database search in PubMed/MEDLINE, qualitative and quantitative evaluation).

RESULTS: 24 studies were included (experimental time 17 min to 15 days) evaluating content and/or release in 631 masks (273 surgical, 228 textile and 130 N95 masks). Most studies (63%) showed alarming results with high micro- and nanoplastics (MPs and NPs) release and exceedances could also be evidenced for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), xylene, acrolein, per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), phthalates (including di(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate, DEHP) and for Pb, Cd, Co, Cu, Sb and TiO2.

DISCUSSION: Of course, masks filter larger dirt and plastic particles and fibers from the air we breathe and have specific indications, but according to our data they also carry risks. Depending on the application, a risk-benefit analysis is necessary.

CONCLUSION: Undoubtedly, mask mandates during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have been generating an additional source of potentially harmful exposition to toxins with health threatening and carcinogenic properties at population level with almost zero distance to the airways.},
}

@article {pmid38536458,
year = {2024},
author = {Chiriac, AE and Diaconeasa, A and Miulescu, R and Wollina, U},
title = {Scabies in infants and children - a narrative review.},
journal = {European journal of pediatrics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38536458},
issn = {1432-1076},
abstract = {Scabies is a human ectoparasitosis caused by Sarcoptes scabei var. hominis. World-wide around 300 million patients are affected. Infants and children have the highest incidence rates. Poverty and overcrowding are social factors contributing to a higher risk of transmission and treatment failure. The leading symptom of the infestation is itch. Complications are bacterial infections that are responsible for mortality. Diagnosis is clinical. Non-invasive imaging technologies like dermoscopy can be used. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is less sensitive and specific than microscopy of skin scrapings. Treatment of choice is topical permethrin 5%. Ivermectin is the only oral drug FDA-approved for scabies. It should be used in cases non-responsive to topical therapy and in case of high number of infested patients in addition to topical therapy. Pseudo-resistance to treatment is not uncommon. New drugs are on the horizon. What is Known: • Pruritus is the leading symptom causing sleep disturbances and scratching with the risk of secondary bacterial infections. • Treatment failure is related to inappropriate application of topical drugs and asymptomatic family members. What is New: • COVID-19 pandemic and migration are contributing to an increased incidence of scabies. • New compounds to treat scabies are on the horizon.},
}

@article {pmid38536084,
year = {2024},
author = {Valerio, TL and Anastácio, R and da Silva, SS and de Oliveira, CC and Vidotti, M},
title = {An overview of electrochemical biosensors used for COVID-19 detection.},
journal = {Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1039/d3ay02042h},
pmid = {38536084},
issn = {1759-9679},
abstract = {This short review presents the latest advances in the field of electrochemical biosensors, focusing particularly on impedimetric biosensors for the direct measurement of analytes. As a source of study we have chosen to describe these advances in the latest global health crisis originated from the COVID-19 pandemic, initiated by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this period, the necessity for swift and precise detection methods has grown rapidly due to an imminent need for the development of an analytical method to identify and isolate infected patients as an attempt to control the spreading of the disease. Traditional approaches such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were extensively used during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, but their drawbacks, including slow response time, became evident. In this context, the potential of electrochemical biosensors as an alternative for COVID-19 detection was emphasized. These biosensors merge electrochemical technology with bioreceptors, offering benefits such as rapidity, accuracy, portability, and real-time result provision. Additionally, we present instances of electrochemical biosensors modified with conductive polymers, eliminating the necessity for an electrochemical probe. The adaptability of the developed materials and devices facilitated the prompt production of electrochemical biosensors during the pandemic, creating opportunities for broader applications in infectious disease diagnosis.},
}

@article {pmid38535712,
year = {2024},
author = {Boukoura, ME and Dagla, M and Gourounti, K and Nieri, AS and Taskou, C and Tsoukala, E and Sarantaki, A},
title = {Breastfeeding Practices for COVID-19-Infected Mothers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy)},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {516-531},
doi = {10.3390/nursrep14010040},
pmid = {38535712},
issn = {2039-4403},
abstract = {(1) Background: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increasing number of women giving birth while also grappling with SARS-CoV-2. The objective of this review is to examine the possibility of transmission of the virus from mother to infant through breastfeeding, skin-to-skin contact, and rooming-in and to explore methods for managing COVID-19-positive mother-infant dyads. (2) Methods: A comprehensive search strategy was employed that covered pertinent studies from the Cochrane Library, PubMed Central, and Scopus databases. The Matrix Method and PRISMA guidelines were utilized by the researchers, with the search being updated until 20 December 2021, one year after the initial vaccine delivery. The inclusion criteria for the study involved articles published in English, those employing broad search terms, and those comprising full-text reviews. Additionally, the researchers required that the articles be published from December 2019 onwards. To further analyze the data, a meta-analysis was performed to estimate the rate of infant infection from mothers who engaged in breastfeeding, skin-to-skin contact, and rooming-in practices. (3) Results: Eighteen studies were analyzed in this review, with an infected infant rate of 2.8%. The maternal practices used in these studies ranged from direct separation of the infant to direct skin-to-skin contact, rooming-in, and exclusive breastfeeding. One study investigated the factors associated with positive test results in newborns and found that only the maternal social vulnerability index >90 was a significant predictor. The type of delivery, rooming-in, and the mother's symptom status were not associated with positive neonatal outcomes. (4) Conclusions: According to current data, the incidence of perinatal infection with SARS-CoV-2 is relatively low. It is advised that mothers adhere to several supportive care measures, including engaging in breastfeeding, skin-to-skin contact, and rooming-in. These measures ought to be complemented by diligent hand hygiene, the wearing of masks, and the cleansing of breasts solely when necessary.},
}

@article {pmid38535608,
year = {2024},
author = {Agouridis, AP and Mastori-Kourmpani, C and Antoniou, P and Konstantinou, P and Rizos, EC and Tsioutis, C},
title = {Beau's Lines and COVID-19; A Systematic Review on Their Association.},
journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/pathogens13030265},
pmid = {38535608},
issn = {2076-0817},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Beau's lines are transverse grooves in the nail plate that result from transient interruption of the growth of the proximal nail matrix after severe disease. The aim of this study is to systematically report all evidence on the association of Beau's lines with COVID-19 infection or vaccination against COVID-19.

METHODS: PubMed and Scopus databases were searched up to January 2024 for articles reporting Beau's lines associated with COVID-19 infection or vaccination for COVID-19.

PROSPERO ID: CRD42024496830.

RESULTS: PubMed search identified 299 records while Scopus search identified 18 records. After screening the bibliography, nine studies including 35 cases were included in our systematic review. The studies were reported from different areas around the world. Included studies documented Beau's lines following COVID-19 vaccination (two studies) or after COVID-19 infection (seven studies). High variability was recorded in onset and resolution times among included cases, averaging 3 months and 6 months after COVID-19 infection, respectively. In the two studies reporting Beau's lines after vaccination, onset was at 7 days and 6 weeks and resolution occurred after 8 and 17 weeks, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review reporting the association of Beau's lines with COVID-19 infection and vaccination. Severe immune response can result in the formation of these nail disorders. Of importance, Beau's lines represent a potential indicator of prior severe COVID-19 infection or vaccination for COVID-19, as well as a sign of long COVID-19 syndrome.},
}

@article {pmid38535592,
year = {2024},
author = {De Conto, F},
title = {Avian Influenza A Viruses Modulate the Cellular Cytoskeleton during Infection of Mammalian Hosts.},
journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/pathogens13030249},
pmid = {38535592},
issn = {2076-0817},
abstract = {Influenza is one of the most prevalent causes of death worldwide. Influenza A viruses (IAVs) naturally infect various avian and mammalian hosts, causing seasonal epidemics and periodic pandemics with high morbidity and mortality. The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic showed how an animal virus strain could unpredictably acquire the ability to infect humans with high infection transmissibility. Importantly, highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses (AIVs) may cause human infections with exceptionally high mortality. Because these latter infections pose a pandemic potential, analyzing the ecology and evolution features of host expansion helps to identify new broad-range therapeutic strategies. Although IAVs are the prototypic example of molecular strategies that capitalize on their coding potential, the outcome of infection depends strictly on the complex interactions between viral and host cell factors. Most of the studies have focused on the influenza virus, while the contribution of host factors remains largely unknown. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of mammals' host response to AIV infection is crucial. This review sheds light on the involvement of the cellular cytoskeleton during the highly pathogenic AIV infection of mammalian hosts, allowing a better understanding of its modulatory role, which may be relevant to therapeutic interventions for fatal disease prevention and pandemic management.},
}

@article {pmid38535583,
year = {2024},
author = {Rippee-Brooks, MD and Wu, W and Dong, J and Pappolla, M and Fang, X and Bao, X},
title = {Viral Infections, Are They a Trigger and Risk Factor of Alzheimer's Disease?.},
journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/pathogens13030240},
pmid = {38535583},
issn = {2076-0817},
abstract = {Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a progressive and debilitating condition, is reported to be the most common type of dementia, with at least 55 million people believed to be currently affected. Many causation hypotheses of AD exist, yet the intriguing link between viral infection and its possible contribution to the known etiology of AD has become an attractive focal point of research for the field and a challenging study task. In this review, we will explore the historical perspective and milestones that led the field to investigate the viral connection to AD. Specifically, several viruses such as Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1), Zika virus (ZIKV), and severe cute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), along with several others mentioned, include the various viruses presently considered within the field. We delve into the strong evidence implicating these viruses in the development of AD such as the lytic replication and axonal transport of HSV-1, the various mechanisms of ZIKV neurotropism through the human protein Musashi-1 (MSI1), and the spread of SARS-CoV-2 through the transfer of the virus through the BBB endothelial cells to glial cells and then to neurons via transsynaptic transfer. We will also explore beyond these mere associations by carefully analyzing the potential mechanisms by which these viruses may contribute to AD pathology. This includes but is not limited to direct neuronal infections, the dysregulation of immune responses, and the impact on protein processing (Aβ42 and hyperphosphorylated tau). Controversies and challenges of the virus-AD relationship emerge as we tease out these potential mechanisms. Looking forward, we emphasize future directions, such as distinct questions and proposed experimentations to explore, that the field should take to tackle the remaining unanswered questions and the glaring research gaps that persist. Overall, this review aims to provide a comprehensive survey of the past, present, and future of the potential link between viral infections and their association with AD development while encouraging further discussion.},
}

@article {pmid38535507,
year = {2024},
author = {Rusi, E and Pennacchia, F and Ruqa, WA and Talarico, G and Bruno, G and Minni, A and Barbato, C},
title = {Proteoform Analysis of the Human Olfactory System: A Window into Neurodegenerative Diseases.},
journal = {Proteomes},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/proteomes12010009},
pmid = {38535507},
issn = {2227-7382},
abstract = {Background: Very little is known about the proteome of the human olfactory system and how diseases associated with olfactory dysfunctions can affect it. With this review, we try to summarize the existing literature on the use of this technique for a better understanding of the neurodegenerative disease process. Methods: We used the PubMed database and found different articles which were then selected independently by three authors. Results: We found 157 articles, of which, after careful selection, only 30 were analyzed in this review. We presented all the associations identified between the protein/pathway alterations neurodegenerative diseases and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusions: We think that the proteome of the olfactory system through blood, saliva, and mucus analysis could be a new way to better understand, diagnose, and finally treat neurodegenerative diseases.},
}

@article {pmid38535481,
year = {2023},
author = {Inagaki, M},
title = {Cell Reprogramming and Differentiation Utilizing Messenger RNA for Regenerative Medicine.},
journal = {Journal of developmental biology},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {38535481},
issn = {2221-3759},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic generated interest in the medicinal applications of messenger RNA (mRNA). It is expected that mRNA will be applied, not only to vaccines, but also to regenerative medicine. The purity of mRNA is important for its medicinal applications. However, the current mRNA synthesis techniques exhibit problems, including the contamination of undesired 5'-uncapped mRNA and double-stranded RNA. Recently, our group developed a completely capped mRNA synthesis technology that contributes to the progress of mRNA research. The introduction of chemically modified nucleosides, such as N1-methylpseudouridine and 5-methylcytidine, has been reported by Karikó and Weissman, opening a path for the practical application of mRNA for vaccines and regenerative medicine. Yamanaka reported the production of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by introducing four types of genes using a retrovirus vector. iPSCs are widely used for research on regenerative medicine and the preparation of disease models to screen new drug candidates. Among the Yamanaka factors, Klf4 and c-Myc are oncogenes, and there is a risk of tumor development if these are integrated into genomic DNA. Therefore, regenerative medicine using mRNA, which poses no risk of genome insertion, has attracted attention. In this review, the author summarizes techniques for synthesizing mRNA and its application in regenerative medicine.},
}

@article {pmid38535051,
year = {2024},
author = {Drevinek, P and Flisiak, R and Nemes, R and Nogales Crespo, KA and Tomasiewicz, K},
title = {The Role and Value of Professional Rapid Testing of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) in Europe: A Special Focus on the Czech Republic, Poland, and Romania.},
journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {38535051},
issn = {2075-4418},
support = {No grant number available.//Abbott Laboratories/ ; },
abstract = {This review aims to explore the role of professional diagnostic rapid testing of acute respiratory infections (ARIs), especially COVID-19 and influenza, ensuring proper disease management and treatment in Europe, and particularly in Czech Republic, Poland, and Romania. The paper was constructed based on a review of scientific evidence and national and international policies and recommendations, as well as a process of validation by four experts. The development of new testing technologies, treatment options, and increased awareness of the negative multidimensional impact of ARI profiles transformed differential diagnosis into a tangible and desirable reality. This review covers the following topics: (1) the multidimensional impact of ARIs, (2) ARI rapid diagnostic testing platforms and their value, (3) the policy landscape, (4) challenges and barriers to implementation, and (5) a set of recommendations illustrating a path forward. The findings indicate that rapid diagnostic testing, including at the point of care (POC), can have a positive impact on case management, antimicrobial and antibiotic stewardship, epidemiological surveillance, and decision making. Integrating this strategy will require the commitment of governments and the international and academic communities, especially as we identified room for improvement in the access and expansion of POC rapid testing in the focus countries and the inclusion of rapid testing in relevant policies.},
}

@article {pmid38535041,
year = {2024},
author = {Babar, M and Jamil, H and Mehta, N and Moutwakil, A and Duong, TQ},
title = {Short- and Long-Term Chest-CT Findings after Recovery from COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {38535041},
issn = {2075-4418},
abstract = {While ground-glass opacity, consolidation, and fibrosis in the lungs are some of the hallmarks of acute SAR-CoV-2 infection, it remains unclear whether these pulmonary radiological findings would resolve after acute symptoms have subsided. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate chest computed tomography (CT) abnormalities stratified by COVID-19 disease severity and multiple timepoints post-infection. PubMed/MEDLINE was searched for relevant articles until 23 May 2023. Studies with COVID-19-recovered patients and follow-up chest CT at least 12 months post-infection were included. CT findings were evaluated at short-term (1-6 months) and long-term (12-24 months) follow-ups and by disease severity (severe and non-severe). A generalized linear mixed-effects model with random effects was used to estimate event rates for CT findings. A total of 2517 studies were identified, of which 43 met the inclusion (N = 8858 patients). Fibrotic-like changes had the highest event rate at short-term (0.44 [0.3-0.59]) and long-term (0.38 [0.23-0.56]) follow-ups. A meta-regression showed that over time the event rates decreased for any abnormality (β = -0.137, p = 0.002), ground-glass opacities (β = -0.169, p < 0.001), increased for honeycombing (β = 0.075, p = 0.03), and did not change for fibrotic-like changes, bronchiectasis, reticulation, and interlobular septal thickening (p > 0.05 for all). The severe subgroup had significantly higher rates of any abnormalities (p < 0.001), bronchiectasis (p = 0.02), fibrotic-like changes (p = 0.03), and reticulation (p < 0.001) at long-term follow-ups when compared to the non-severe subgroup. In conclusion, significant CT abnormalities remained up to 2 years post-COVID-19, especially in patients with severe disease. Long-lasting pulmonary abnormalities post-SARS-CoV-2 infection signal a future public health concern, necessitating extended monitoring, rehabilitation, survivor support, vaccination, and ongoing research for targeted therapies.},
}