@article {pmid41985441,
year = {2026},
author = {Fields, CA and Bhattacharya, D},
title = {Plasma cell ontogenies, functions, and lifespans.},
journal = {Immunity},
volume = {59},
number = {4},
pages = {833-846},
doi = {10.1016/j.immuni.2026.01.030},
pmid = {41985441},
issn = {1097-4180},
mesh = {*Plasma Cells/immunology/cytology ; Animals ; Humans ; *B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cell Differentiation/immunology ; Germinal Center/immunology ; Immunologic Memory ; },
abstract = {B cell development is one of the best-understood processes within the immune system. Coordination between transcriptional programs and antigen receptor assembly determines B cell fate, diversifies the antibody repertoire, and allocates specificities to the best-suited subsets. This enables B cells to respond to a wide variety of challenges, which, when encountered, can lead B cells to seemingly converge upon a common fate: the antibody-secreting plasma cell. Yet, as we discuss in this review, this convergence is not complete. Developmental origins, anatomical sites, the nature of the challenge, and other factors all leave their marks on plasma cells in ways that diversify their functions and longevity. Looking forward, these marks may provide targets to engineer vaccines that provide durable antibody-mediated immunity.},
}

*Plasma Cells/immunology/cytology
Animals
Humans
*B-Lymphocytes/immunology
Cell Differentiation/immunology
Germinal Center/immunology
Immunologic Memory

@article {pmid41985976,
year = {2026},
author = {Davies, SR and Davies, AL and Higgins, JPT and Caldwell, DM and Thornton, ZA and Aiton, E and Ali, I and Dawson, S and McGrath, C and Parkhouse, T and Yardley, L and Yates, J and Letley, L and Ismail, SA and Christensen, H and French, CE},
title = {Effectiveness of interventions to increase vaccine uptake: component network meta-analysis.},
journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
volume = {393},
number = {},
pages = {e087578},
pmid = {41985976},
issn = {1756-1833},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Vaccination/statistics & numerical data ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Adherence Interventions ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; *Immunization Programs ; Bayes Theorem ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To identify the effective components of interventions to increase vaccine uptake and to explore variations in effectiveness by population group and in relation to the covid-19 pandemic.

DESIGN: Component network meta-analysis.

SETTING: Systematic review of randomised controlled trials in high and upper middle income countries.

PARTICIPANTS: 237 studies with 570 intervention arms and 4 361 717 participants.

INTERVENTIONS: Any intervention targeting vaccine recipients or their caregivers aiming to increase demand for, or access to, vaccinations on the UK immunisation schedule. Key content and delivery features of interventions were identified using a bespoke coding framework co-developed with stakeholders.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcome of interest was vaccine uptake. Bayesian component level meta-regression estimated relative effects of intervention components as ratios of odds ratios with 95% credible intervals (CrIs).

RESULTS: Of the included studies, 110 were at low risk of bias, 96 had some concerns, and 31 were at high risk. 40% (n=1 744 686) of the participants were male. For children, there was evidence of beneficial effects for payments to cover costs (ratio of odds ratios 3.01, 95% CrI 1.49 to 6.06) and decision aids (2.73, 1.14 to 7.06), and some evidence for extended opportunities (1.37, 0.98 to 1.95) and social factors (1.27, 0.99 to 1.65). For adolescents and young adults, there were beneficial effects for personal delivery formats (2.13, 1.09 to 4.40), delivery by community members alongside healthcare professionals (6.42, 1.94 to 25.62), and social factors (2.62, 1.45 to 5.04), and negative effects for decision aids (0.43, 0.18 to 0.98) and human versus non-human interaction (0.47, 0.21 to 1.02). For adults, beneficial effects were shown for human interaction (1.86, 1.42 to 2.45), extended opportunities (1.63, 1.35 to 2.00), help with appointment scheduling (1.38, 1.06 to 1.78), payments to cover costs (1.47, 1.03 to 2.16), and motivational interviewing (1.79, 1.21 to 2.64), and there was some evidence for financial incentives (1.15, 0.99 to 1.35) and information on vaccine safety and/or efficacy (1.15, 0.99 to 1.32). For adults, evidence also showed a negative effect of non-human interaction versus no interaction (0.72, 0.57 to 0.92). Subgroup analyses showed variation for underserved populations and in relation to the covid-19 pandemic (before 2020 and 2020 onwards).

CONCLUSION: Overall, extended opportunities, appointment scheduling help, financial incentives, payments to cover costs, and motivational interviewing were effective content components of interventions to increase vaccine uptake. Effective delivery components overall were human interaction and delivery by community members alongside healthcare professionals. However, effective components varied by age group, for underserved populations, and in analyses investigating the impact of the covid-19 pandemic. These findings have important implications for designing, optimising, and implementing targeted interventions, highlighting which components are effective across different populations and contexts. Consideration of the economic data on interventions should further support resource informed decision making.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology
*COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
SARS-CoV-2
*Vaccination/statistics & numerical data
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Adherence Interventions
Pandemics/prevention & control
*Immunization Programs
Bayes Theorem

@article {pmid41986256,
year = {2026},
author = {Andrés, C and Prats-Méndez, I and Midgley, S and Berginc, N and González-Sánchez, A and Johannesen, CK and Antón, A and Nadal-Barón, P and Fischer, TK and Harvala, H and Benschop, KSM},
title = {Circulation Patterns, Genetic Diversity, and Public Health Implications of Enterovirus D68, Europe, 2014-2024.},
journal = {Emerging infectious diseases},
volume = {32},
number = {4},
pages = {491-499},
pmid = {41986256},
issn = {1080-6059},
mesh = {Humans ; Europe/epidemiology ; *Enterovirus Infections/epidemiology/virology ; *Genetic Variation ; *Enterovirus D, Human/genetics/classification ; Public Health ; Phylogeny ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) represents a continuing public health concern, given its association with severe respiratory illness and neurologic complications. In this study, we analyzed EV-D68 circulation and genetic evolution during 2014-2024 using data from 18 countries in Europe. Of 61,297 enterovirus-positive specimens, molecular detection and viral protein 1 sequencing identified 3,541 (6%) EV-D68 cases. A biennial circulation pattern was observed; detection rates ranged from 9% in 2014 to 0.9% in 2019. The pattern was disrupted in 2020 because of measures implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, but then notable increases occurred in 2021 (14%), 2022 (10.7%), and 2024 (20.6%). Subgenogroups B3 (59.8%) and A2/D (28.0%) were predominant; A2/D reemerged as dominant in 2024. Mutation analyses revealed changes in antigenic regions. Our findings underscore the persistent adaptation and resurgence of EV-D68 after COVID-19. Continued genomic surveillance is essential to monitor transmission patterns caused by antigenic changes.},
}

Humans
Europe/epidemiology
*Enterovirus Infections/epidemiology/virology
*Genetic Variation
*Enterovirus D, Human/genetics/classification
Public Health
Phylogeny
COVID-19/epidemiology

@article {pmid41987025,
year = {2026},
author = {Mora Castaño, I and Hasbun, R},
title = {Neurological manifestations of respiratory viral infections.},
journal = {Current opinion in infectious diseases},
volume = {39},
number = {3},
pages = {218-226},
doi = {10.1097/QCO.0000000000001189},
pmid = {41987025},
issn = {1473-6527},
mesh = {Humans ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/complications/virology/epidemiology ; *Nervous System Diseases/virology/etiology/diagnosis/epidemiology ; *Virus Diseases/complications ; *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes current evidence on the general epidemiology, routes of central nervous system (CNS) invasion, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and treatment considerations associated with neurological complications of respiratory viral infections. Greater awareness of the neurological impact of respiratory viral infections is crucial to improving patient outcomes and mitigating long-term burden of these diseases.

RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies have reinforced the association between respiratory viral infections and a broad spectrum of neurological complications. Evidence accumulated during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has expanded this awareness, and emerging data suggest that immune-mediated mechanisms such as glial cell activation, rather than direct viral neurotropism alone, play a central role in CNS injury. Although diagnostic limitations still exist, some advances have been made to increase specificity of resources available for clinicians, particularly PCR and immunologic profiling. Furthermore, vaccination against certain respiratory viruses may reduce the risk of subsequent neurodegenerative disease, highlighting the potential impact of preventive strategies on long-term neurological burden.

SUMMARY: Establishing causality between respiratory viral infections and subsequent neurological dysfunction remains challenging given the ubiquitous nature of many respiratory viruses and their capacity to cause lifelong latent or persistent infection. Even though some efforts have been made to optimize diagnosis and treatment, addressing these challenges will require further coordinated efforts across clinicians, researchers and healthcare policymakers.},
}

Humans
*Respiratory Tract Infections/complications/virology/epidemiology
*Nervous System Diseases/virology/etiology/diagnosis/epidemiology
*Virus Diseases/complications
*COVID-19/complications/epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid41987085,
year = {2026},
author = {Burton, K and Best, J and DeCoster, J and Ritchwood, TD},
title = {Pandemic ready or playing catch-up? A scoping review of public health training programs for pandemic preparedness and response efforts.},
journal = {BMC public health},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41987085},
issn = {1471-2458},
mesh = {Humans ; *Pandemic Preparedness ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; *Public Health/education ; Public Health Infrastructure ; *Pandemics ; *Education, Public Health Professional/organization & administration ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the urgent need for scalable, adaptable training programs to support public health preparedness and response. While many training initiatives emerged globally, their effectiveness, sustainability, and relevance to community needs remain uneven. This scoping review characterizes the landscape of pandemic-related training programs and identifies barriers, facilitators, and gaps in preparedness education for public health professionals, community-based organizations (CBOs), and frontline responders. METHODS: We conducted a scoping review of English-language peer-reviewed articles published between 2005 and 2023. Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to guide data extraction and thematic synthesis, we examined training programs focused on pandemic preparedness, including design, delivery, implementation processes, and evaluation strategies. RESULTS: Thirty-eight studies met inclusion criteria. Training programs varied in scope, format, and target populations, with most focused on COVID-19 and conducted in low- and middle-income countries. Programs commonly emphasized contact tracing, epidemiology, surveillance, and community engagement. While virtual formats increased accessibility, participants often preferred in-person, interactive learning. Facilitators were associated with perceived success included strong partnerships, culturally tailored materials, and improvement through feedback, while barriers were associated with program challenges included limited infrastructure, unclear learning objectives, lack of sustained funding, and inadequate evaluation. Most programs were reactive and short-term, with minimal input from community stakeholders. Trust, equity, and cultural responsiveness emerged as central themes. CONCLUSIONS: Preparedness training programs remain fragmented and overly reliant on crisis-driven implementation. Future programs would benefit from prioritizing sustained investment, co-design with community partners, and use of validated frameworks like CFIR to guide development and evaluation. Strengthening the capacity of CBOs and embedding preparedness within trusted community networks are essential to building equitable and resilient public health systems.},
}

Humans
*Pandemic Preparedness
*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control
*Public Health/education
Public Health Infrastructure
*Pandemics
*Education, Public Health Professional/organization & administration

@article {pmid41987119,
year = {2026},
author = {Oshinubi, K and Chen, Y and Doerry, E and Gel, ES and Hepp, C and Lant, T and Mehrotra, S and Sabo, S and Mihaljevic, J},
title = {A systematic review of spatial epidemiological modeling approaches applied during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {BMC public health},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41987119},
issn = {1471-2458},
support = {R01 AI168144/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R01AI168144//National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Epidemiological Models ; *Spatial Analysis ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: A wide range of epidemiological modeling approaches have been applied to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which presents an opportunity to assess common approaches applied to specific research questions. Spatial models interrogate how heterogeneities and host movement dynamics influence local and regional patterns of disease, issues that were of great interest for understanding and controlling SARS-CoV-2. OBJECTIVE: Here, we present a systematic review of spatial epidemiological modeling approaches of SARS-CoV-2. We describe common themes and highlight unique strategies, providing a foundation for researchers to devise spatial models most appropriate for future pathogens and epidemics. Our review also categorizes the research questions that were addressed with spatial models, highlights parameter estimation techniques, and describes the cyber infrastructure used for model development. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review using Web of Science and a standardized set of keywords, followed by thorough examination of abstracts and full texts to determine which studies met our inclusion criteria. To guide our description and comparisons of models, we developed a Geography, Population, Movement (GPM) framework that conceptualizes the interactions between three distinct subcomponents of any spatial model. The geographic model represents the physical arena in which the model is implemented, the intra-population model describes the transmission and disease processes that occur within distinct spatial units of the geography, and the movement model describes the algorithms that dictate how hosts move among spatial units within the geography. RESULTS: The search identified a total of 193 articles, of which 109 were included in our review. The most abundant intra-population modeling methods were agent-based (47.7%) and compartmental modeling (29.4%) approaches. Movement models ranged in complexity, with the most complex models implementing commuter movement among many points of interest in the geographic arena, which were sometimes parameterized by fine-scale mobility data. Geographic models ranged from describing microcosms, such as single classrooms, all the way up to multi-country models. Of the 63.3% of models studies that specified the programming language used, we detected ten different languages, with Matlab and Python being the most frequent, although only 30.6% of studies provided open-access code for their models. We also described eight specialized software systems that were used to construct agent-based or compartment models of COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: Our review identified and characterized a variety of spatial modeling strategies and software that were usefully employed to address many relevant epidemiological questions for COVID-19. Future research is needed to quantitatively assess which modeling approaches are most appropriate in specific situations, to answer specific questions, or to apply to certain disease systems. Moreover, future cyber-infrastructure could help to modularize and standardize modeling approaches, which would increase transparency and reproducibility, and which would facilitate a detailed examination of which model attributes relate to model performance in a variety of contexts.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Epidemiological Models
*Spatial Analysis
Pandemics
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid41987698,
year = {2026},
author = {Bucharová, M and Hořejší, B and Kantor, J and Perimal-Lewis, L and Klugar, M},
title = {Virtual music therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic: an updated scoping review.},
journal = {JBI evidence synthesis},
volume = {24},
number = {7},
pages = {1368-1430},
pmid = {41987698},
issn = {2689-8381},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 ; *Music Therapy/methods ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; Telemedicine ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The objective of this update to a previously published scoping review was to map how music therapists used virtual music therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic.

INTRODUCTION: Virtual music therapy underwent significant development during the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, the number of publications increased dramatically compared to early 2021, when only 10 records were available. An update to the previous scoping review was necessary to explore the current state of this emerging music therapy discipline and provide important information for health care practitioners, scholars, and researchers.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: This scoping review included studies examining how music therapists (population) delivered virtual, remote, or online music therapy (concept) across all client groups during the COVID-19 pandemic (context). All types of evidence were included except for literature reviews, newspaper articles, essays, editorials, letters to the editor, and bachelor's theses. The search strategy was conducted in English across relevant databases and journals.

METHODS: Following the JBI methodology for scoping reviews, we updated a scoping review published in 2021. Available evidence was searched for in databases, including searches for unpublished studies, gray literature, and relevant journal archives, along with manual searches of reference lists. The search was limited from October 2020 (the date of the previous search) until December 2024. Two independent reviewers screened all reports against the eligibility criteria and performed the data extraction.

RESULTS: The global music therapy community adapted to the restrictions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic through a significant expansion of virtual music therapy. A total of 145 new records, along with 5 records from the original review, were included in this scoping review. The papers were from North America (n=63), Europe (n=34), Asia (n=19), and Oceania (n=16), with the rest developed through international cooperation (n=18). Most texts described virtual music therapy in the form of synchronous video calls. We reported the characteristics of the records, the types of texts, the client groups to which virtual music therapy was delivered, and the platforms and equipment used. We identified research papers (n=103), other texts (n=44), study protocols, and an evidence implementation report. We also described the challenges, facilitators, and barriers, along with the music therapy methods. Most frequently, a combination of active and receptive methods was used, with an emphasis on listening, singing, and music-based relaxation or imagery methods. Virtual music therapy was delivered to a wide range of clients, including those with various medical diagnoses and mental health issues; caregivers; and health care workers. Virtual music therapy took place in clients' homes, hospitals, or educational settings.

CONCLUSIONS: The virtual music therapy field experienced significant growth during the COVID-19 pandemic and developed into a distinct area of music therapy. This scoping review reports on a substantial body of relevant evidence, providing detailed insights into the nuances of virtual music therapy practice, which may remain useful even beyond pandemic restrictions. Future research is needed to examine the impact of virtual music therapy in the post-COVID-19 era and its potential as a complementary approach to face-to-face therapy.

REVIEW REGISTRATION: OSF https://osf.io/tnw3c/.

SUPPLEMENTAL DIGITAL CONTENT: A Czech-language version of the abstract of this review is available: http://links.lww.com/SRX/A189.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19
*Music Therapy/methods
SARS-CoV-2
Pandemics
Telemedicine

@article {pmid41988578,
year = {2026},
author = {Vargas-Veliz, SR and Izquierdo-Cevallos, DR and Fajardo-Vargas, JE and Solórzano-Rezabala, DK and Peralta-Gamboa, DA},
title = {Psychosocial risks in Latin America: trends and research gaps.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1788232},
pmid = {41988578},
issn = {2296-2565},
mesh = {Latin America/epidemiology ; Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; *Mental Health ; Bibliometrics ; Evidence Gaps ; *Stress, Psychological/epidemiology ; Working Conditions ; Burnout, Professional/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {This study analyzes the scientific evolution of psychosocial risks in Latin America through a bibliometric analysis of 1,866 articles indexed in Scopus and Web of Science between 1963 and 2026. The results show sustained growth in academic production, particularly during the last decade, accompanied by an increase in impact measured by citations. The international collaboration network reveals a structure articulated in South-South and South-North patterns, with Brazil as a regional node and the United States as a transnational bridge. The keyword co-occurrence analysis identifies three main thematic clusters: (1) mental health and psychological distress-including anxiety, depression, and stress-; (2) labor and organizational factors, including burnout, working conditions, workplace violence, and job satisfaction; and (3) the disruptive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, which reorganized the recent scientific agenda. The findings demonstrate that psychosocial risks in Latin America constitute a field in consolidation, characterized by the convergence of clinical, labor, and structural dimensions, and by growing regional visibility in the international literature. However, limitations persist, associated with the predominance of cross-sectional studies, the underrepresentation of informal and precarious sectors, and geographical asymmetries in scientific infrastructure. It is suggested to advance toward comparative, longitudinal, and interdisciplinary approaches that integrate mental health, work organization, and regional socioeconomic contexts. This study provides an empirical basis for understanding the investigative configuration of the field and guiding future research agendas, public policies, and interventions aimed at psychosocial well-being in the region.},
}

Latin America/epidemiology
Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology
*Mental Health
Bibliometrics
Evidence Gaps
*Stress, Psychological/epidemiology
Working Conditions
Burnout, Professional/epidemiology

@article {pmid41989511,
year = {2026},
author = {Sun, S and Guo, X and Liu, S and Wu, S and Ma, L and Yang, H},
title = {Probiotics and Bacteriocins Against SARS-CoV-2: Therapeutic Frontiers and Mechanistic Insights.},
journal = {Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41989511},
issn = {1867-1314},
support = {No. C2023201049//Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province/ ; No. C20230309//Funding Program for Introducing Overseas Scholars of Hebei Province/ ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges to global public health. The continuous mutations of its pathogen, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have further complicated containment efforts. As functional foods, probiotics and their metabolites, particularly bacteriocins, are recognized for their safety and potential antiviral roles in infection prevention and health management. This review summarizes the current research status, mechanisms, and potential applications of probiotics and bacteriocins against SARS-CoV-2. Clinical and preclinical evidence indicates that specific probiotic strains, such as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GUANKE, Lactococcus lactis strain Plasma, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MPL16/CRL1506, can effectively alleviate clinical symptoms, shorten disease duration, and reduce the risk of severe illness by modulating the gut microbiota, strengthening the mucosal barrier, and enhancing innate immune responses. Representative bacteriocins, including nisin, pediocin PA-1, plantaricin W, glycocin F, and lactococcine G, can mitigate cytokine storms and gut dysbiosis by modulating host immunity, for example, by inhibiting inflammatory factor release as observed in cellular and animal models. Furthermore, molecular docking and dynamics simulations suggest that these bacteriocins may inhibit viral entry and replication by competitively binding to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein or the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and by interfering with key viral enzyme activities. However, translating these promising findings—supported by clinical observations, animal studies, and computational predictions—into practical applications requires overcoming major bottlenecks, from mechanistic elucidation and in vivo validation to formulation development. Therefore, future research should focus on more in-depth studies to bridge the gap between experimental evidence and clinical translation.},
}

@article {pmid41990021,
year = {2026},
author = {Wandrekar, J and Ranade, K and Chakrapani, V and Lakshmi, P},
title = {Mental Health of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Persons in India: A Scoping Review of Literature Since Legal Recognition of Self-Affirmed Gender Identity, 2014-2024.},
journal = {LGBT health},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
pages = {195-214},
pmid = {41990021},
issn = {2325-8306},
mesh = {Humans ; India/epidemiology ; *Transgender Persons/psychology ; Male ; Female ; *Mental Health ; Gender Identity ; Gender-Nonconforming Persons ; *Sexual and Gender Minorities/psychology ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: India's 2014 Supreme Court ruling in National Legal Services Authority v. Union of India affirmed transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) persons as equal citizens with a right to self-identified gender. This scoping review (2014-2024) sought to map TGD mental health research in India, characterize study details and themes, and identify gaps to guide future research and interventions.

METHODS: Following Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we conducted a systematic search of peer-reviewed literature (PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Google Scholar, specific journal search, hand search) and grey literature (Google Scholar, websites of LGBTQ organizations, and digital thesis repositories Shodh Ganga and Shodh Gangotri). All publications between April 2014 and December 2024 that focused on the mental health of the Indian transgender population were included.

RESULTS: From 246 initial sources, 124 were included in the review. The reviewed studies described prevalence rates of common mental disorders, transgender-specific psychosocial stressors, positive psychology variables, role of mental health professionals, mental health interventions and guidelines, forced gender "correction" practices, mental health impact of gender-affirming surgeries, links between sexual health and mental health, and experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic.

CONCLUSIONS: This review demonstrates substantial mental health needs among TGD communities in India but a narrow, uneven evidence base. Several articles revealed researcher misconceptions indicating ethical and epistemic harm. Priority next steps are adequately powered, intersectional longitudinal studies and rigorously evaluated, community-partnered interventions (including family support and mental health professional training) to advance gender-affirming, evidence-based care.},
}

Humans
India/epidemiology
*Transgender Persons/psychology
Male
Female
*Mental Health
Gender Identity
Gender-Nonconforming Persons
*Sexual and Gender Minorities/psychology

@article {pmid41991389,
year = {2026},
author = {de Oliveira, LMC and de Araújo, ANB and Soares, TSL and Ferreira, LP and Queiroga, BAM and de Lima, MLLT and de Arruda, RG and Lucena, JA},
title = {The Relationship Between Teachers' Vocal Production Conditions, Interpersonal Communication Competence, and Mental Health After the Pandemic in Brazil.},
journal = {Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jvoice.2026.03.003},
pmid = {41991389},
issn = {1873-4588},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine whether teachers' vocal production conditions and interpersonal communication competence are associated with mental health after the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study with an analytical approach.

METHOD: The sample comprised 361 middle and high school teachers from Pernambuco state schools. Data were collected using the following instruments: Teacher Vocal Production Condition (VPC-T) and Screening Index for Voice Disorder (SIVD), which characterized teachers' vocal profiles and working conditions; the Interpersonal Communication Competence Scale (ICCS), which assessed interpersonal communication competence; the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), which assessed trait and state anxiety; and the Self-Reported Questionnaire (SRQ-20), which suggests the level of suspicion (presence/absence) of a common mental disorder. Pearson's correlation test, multiple linear regression analysis, chi-square test, and the ANOVA test were performed for comparison analysis between variables.

RESULTS: Higher levels of anxiety and common mental distress were associated with the presence of self-reported voice disorders and less-developed interpersonal communication skills. Voice disorders were self-reported by 44.41% of teachers, while 40.44% presented high anxiety on the STAI-S and 38.78% on the STAI-T. There was an indication that 25% of teachers had common mental distress. The data also indicated that participants had good interpersonal communication skills, particularly in the domains of environmental control, self-disclosure, and immediacy.

CONCLUSION: Self-reported voice disorders and trait and state anxiety are notably present in teachers. Their vocal production conditions and interpersonal communication skills were associated with anxiety and common mental distress after the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}

@article {pmid41991875,
year = {2026},
author = {Hensel, O and Pfrommer, L and Furch, P and Strutz, N and Wohlgemuth, WA and Posa, A},
title = {[Post-COVID: An inventory focusing on the key complaints PEM and POTS].},
journal = {MMW Fortschritte der Medizin},
volume = {168},
number = {Suppl 3},
pages = {3-10},
doi = {10.1007/s15006-026-5691-7},
pmid = {41991875},
issn = {1613-3560},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/therapy ; *Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome/therapy/etiology/diagnosis ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: More than five years after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, its long-term effects are increasingly coming into focus. Post-COVID disease poses a significant challenge, - not only for the individuals affected, but also for healthcare providers and society as a whole. In order to improve care for post-COVID patients, the current state of research should be reviewed and the frequent and characteristic complaints post-exertional malaise and postural tachycardia syndrome should be presented.

METHOD: The literature search for this narrative review was conducted in the PubMed and Semantic Scholar databases.

RESULTS: Post-COVID symptoms are often nonspecific, diverse, and fluctuating. However, post-exertional malaise and postural tachycardia syndrome are characteristic of post-COVID when they occur newly after COVID-19 disease. Post-exertional malaise is an intensification of symptoms after exertion that occurs in about 86% of post-COVID patients. Pacing is a promising treatment approach here. Postural tachycardia syndrome manifests as autonomic, tachycardic, orthostatic dysregulation and affects up to 82% of post-COVID patients. Symptomatic therapy includes pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures.

CONCLUSIONS: Post-exertional malaise and postural tachycardia syndrome are typical and characteristic post-COVID symptoms. Current scientific findings underscore the SARS-CoV-2-related organic origin of post-COVID symptoms.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications/therapy
*Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome/therapy/etiology/diagnosis
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome

@article {pmid41992382,
year = {2026},
author = {Cuteri, V and Preziuso, S and Li, Y and Laus, F},
title = {Fecal virome at the human-animal interface: a one health perspective on an uncharted frontier.},
journal = {Animal microbiome},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41992382},
issn = {2524-4671},
abstract = {The exponential growth of the human population and associated intensifications in animal farming, pet ownership, and habitat anthropisation have dramatically increased human-animal interactions. Global livestock production now exceeds 24 billion animals annually, and pet ownership has risen to over 70% of households in many developed nations, creating unprecedented interfaces for viral exchange. This heightened contact has multiplied opportunities for zoonotic and reverse-zoonotic transmission, as tragically exemplified by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The fecal virome—defined as the totality of viral nucleic acids in the gastrointestinal tract—represents a crucial, yet largely unexplored, pathway for such exchanges. While the bacterial microbiome’s role is increasingly recognized, the virome’s composition, dynamics, and transmissibility between co-habiting humans and animals remain poorly characterized. This review compiles current evidence on the fecal virome of key domestic animals (equines, livestock, pets) and their human contacts under the “One Health” framework. We critically evaluate methodological approaches—from targeted PCR to viral metagenomics—and highlight the discovery of novel viruses and identification of zoonotic agents through metagenomic approaches. Critically, we identify significant knowledge gaps, including the absence of definitive evidence for contemporary cross-species transmission versus shared ancestry or convergent evolution. We propose a strategic research agenda focused on longitudinal studies of human-animal cohorts, standardized metagenomic methodologies, and functional analyses of the virome. Elucidating the fecal virome at this interface is paramount for developing proactive surveillance strategies to predict and prevent the next emerging viral disease.},
}

@article {pmid41992508,
year = {2026},
author = {Alsaqer, K and Alhmoud, SH and Khamis, S},
title = {Healthcare Providers' Attitudes and Willingness Toward Monkeypox Vaccination in Jordan: A National Cross-Sectional Survey.},
journal = {Public health nursing (Boston, Mass.)},
volume = {43},
number = {4},
pages = {957-964},
doi = {10.1111/phn.70126},
pmid = {41992508},
issn = {1525-1446},
mesh = {Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Jordan ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; *Attitude of Health Personnel ; *Vaccination/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; *Health Personnel/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; *Mpox, Monkeypox/prevention & control ; Middle Aged ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite their crucial role, research shows that healthcare professionals are not well-informed about or adequately equipped to handle newly emerging infectious diseases like monkeypox.

AIM: This study aims to assess attitudes and willingness toward monkeypox among Jordanian healthcare providers.

METHOD: This was an analytical cross-sectional survey conducted among healthcare providers in Jordan. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire (online and paper-based, as needed) over a defined 4-8-week period.

RESULTS: A total of 638 healthcare providers participated in the study. The mean age was 35.8 ± 8.4 years. Composite measures showed moderate willingness (mean = 3.56 ± 0.78) but high concern levels (mean = 3.98 ± 0.61). Willingness did not differ significantly across most demographic variables; however, concerns were higher among single participants and those with 5-10 years of experience. A moderate positive correlation was found between willingness and concerns (r = 0.42, p < 0.001). Logistic regression identified COVID-19 vaccination history (OR = 2.22, p = 0.019), trust in health agencies (OR = 1.21, p = 0.028), and greater willingness scores (OR = 1.41, p = 0.006) as significant predictors of acceptance. Concerns did not significantly reduce the likelihood of willingness.

CONCLUSION: Jordanian Healthcare providers demonstrated relatively low immediate willingness to vaccinate, driven by substantial concerns about safety, effectiveness, and vaccine defects. Confidence in public health agencies and prior vaccination history significantly improved acceptance.},
}

Humans
Cross-Sectional Studies
Jordan
Female
Male
Adult
Surveys and Questionnaires
*Attitude of Health Personnel
*Vaccination/psychology/statistics & numerical data
*Health Personnel/psychology/statistics & numerical data
*Mpox, Monkeypox/prevention & control
Middle Aged
COVID-19/prevention & control

@article {pmid41993129,
year = {2026},
author = {Ugwu, OP and Ogenyi, FC and Basajja, M and Ugwu, CN and Mustafa, MM and Okon, MB},
title = {Nanoparticle-mediated mRNA delivery for cancer, autoimmunity, and genetic diseases: a rapid review.},
journal = {Frontiers in drug delivery},
volume = {6},
number = {},
pages = {1793322},
pmid = {41993129},
issn = {2674-0850},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics have advanced from experimental platforms to clinical application, driven largely by the success of lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-based COVID-19 vaccines. Building on this progress, nanoparticle-mediated mRNA delivery is being extended to non-infectious indications, including oncology, autoimmune disorders, and inherited diseases. However, challenges such as extrahepatic targeting, endosomal escape, repeat-dose immunogenicity, thermostability, and scalable manufacturing remain significant barriers to translation.

METHODS: A rapid review of peer-reviewed studies and registered clinical trials published between January 2020 and October 2025 was conducted. Searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and ClinicalTrials.gov using combined terms related to RNA modality and nanoparticle delivery. Eligible studies focused on non-viral nanoparticle platforms for therapeutic, non-infectious mRNA delivery, including applications in protein replacement, genome editing, and immune modulation. Screening yielded 15 studies for inclusion.

RESULTS: LNPs remain the most clinically advanced platform for therapeutic mRNA delivery. At the same time, polymeric, peptide-based, exosome-inspired, and hybrid nanoparticle systems are expanding the delivery landscape. Emerging RNA formats, including self-amplifying RNA and circular RNA, show potential to prolong expression at lower doses. Clinically, individualized mRNA neoantigen therapy (mRNA-4157/V940) combined with pembrolizumab reduced recurrence risk by approximately 49% in high-risk melanoma in the KEYNOTE-942 phase 2b trial, supporting phase 3 development. In cystic fibrosis, inhaled CFTR mRNA (ARCT-032) advanced to phase 2 after early phase 1 data demonstrated safety and tolerability.

DISCUSSION: Evidence for non-viral nanoparticle-mediated mRNA therapeutics is strong in preclinical research and increasingly promising in clinical applications beyond vaccinology. While LNPs dominate current translation, alternative carriers and improved RNA formats may broaden tissue targeting and therapeutic durability. Advances in biodegradable ionisable lipids, organ-selective LNPs, and lyophilised or solid formulations are being developed to address persistent delivery and manufacturing constraints. As the field matures, regulatory and policy frameworks will need to align with therapeutic endpoints and support long-term safety monitoring.},
}

@article {pmid41993174,
year = {2026},
author = {Mohiuddin, N and Shah, Y and Subramaniam, S},
title = {Regulation of histones in thromboinflammation.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1791619},
pmid = {41993174},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *Histones/metabolism/immunology ; *Thromboinflammation/immunology/metabolism ; Animals ; Extracellular Traps/immunology/metabolism ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; COVID-19/immunology ; Alarmins/metabolism ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Nucleosomes/metabolism ; Inflammation/immunology ; },
abstract = {Extracellular histones, once regarded solely as nuclear structural proteins, are now recognized as potent mediators of thrombo-inflammation which is the pathological interface of coagulation and immunity. Released during necrosis, apoptosis, and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, histones act as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), engaging receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLR2, TLR4, TLR9) to trigger endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation, and cytokine release. Post-translational modifications (PTMs), including citrullination, acetylation, and methylation, further modulate histone immunogenicity, cytotoxicity, and procoagulant potential. These mechanisms amplify thrombin generation, impair anticoagulant pathways, and promote vascular permeability, positioning histones as central drivers of immunothrombosis in sepsis, stroke, ARDS, COVID-19, and autoimmune disorders. Circulating histones and nucleosomes are emerging as biomarkers for disease severity and prognosis. Therapeutic strategies targeting histones, such as neutralizing antibodies, heparin derivatives, PAD inhibitors, and activated protein C, show promise in mitigating histone-driven pathology. This review highlights mechanistic insights into histone biology and explores translational opportunities for targeted interventions at the intersection of inflammation and thrombosis.},
}

Humans
*Histones/metabolism/immunology
*Thromboinflammation/immunology/metabolism
Animals
Extracellular Traps/immunology/metabolism
Protein Processing, Post-Translational
COVID-19/immunology
Alarmins/metabolism
*SARS-CoV-2
Nucleosomes/metabolism
Inflammation/immunology

@article {pmid41993206,
year = {2026},
author = {Manu, GP and Bonney, JHK and Bawa, FK and Quashie, PK and Kusi, KA and Amoah, LE},
title = {Reduced COVID-19 severity in Africa: a systematic review of host genetic and immunological responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1782808},
pmid = {41993206},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/genetics/epidemiology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Africa/epidemiology ; Severity of Illness Index ; Cytokines ; African People ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had immense global consequences, leading to widespread illness, deaths, and devastated economies. Despite this, Africa has experienced a high prevalence of asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and mild cases. While reported cases and deaths have been lower, limited testing and undiagnosed infections make it difficult to determine the true burden of the disease. Understanding the unique immune response and the variations in genetics affect COVID-19 outcomes in African populations is important for shaping future public health responses. This review examines key immune factors and genetic variations in key host proteins that may help explain why COVID-19 was less severe in Africa.

METHODOLOGY: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines to identify studies published between 2019 and January 2026 that investigated immunological responses and genetic variations associated with COVID-19 in African populations. Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and African Journals Online (AJOL). Inclusion criteria focused on studies reporting responses from cytokines, T-cells, antibodies or host genetic factors. After screening 4,170 records and removing duplicates, 420 studies were assessed for abstracts, and 240 full texts were reviewed. A total of 40 studies were included, and data synthesized narratively due to heterogeneity in study designs and outcomes.

RESULTS: Of the 40 studies analyzed from 19 African populations, 26 focused on immunological responses and 9 on host genetic factors. Immune studies revealed widespread pre-existing immunity, including cross-reactive antibodies (especially to the N proteins) and polyfunctional T-cell responses, likely shaped by exposure to malaria, helminths, and other coronaviruses. Severe COVID-19 cases showed elevated IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, while asymptomatic individuals had broader, milder cytokine profiles. Antibody responses were robust across disease severities, with long-lasting IgG activity. Genetic studies identified HLA-B41, B42, C16, and C17 as risk alleles, while HLA-DQB106, DQB103, and B*15 conferred protection. ACE2 polymorphisms including rs2285666, rs73635825 were reportedly prevalent in Africans and were linked to varied ACE2 expression, viral load, and disease severity.

CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that immune and genetic adaptations in African populations may have modulated susceptibility and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes in Africans.

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view, identifier CRD420251121731.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/immunology/genetics/epidemiology
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Africa/epidemiology
Severity of Illness Index
Cytokines
African People
T-Lymphocytes/immunology

@article {pmid41993579,
year = {2026},
author = {Song, JH and Shim, SR and Shin, J and Choe, WH and Park, J and Lee, TH and Kang, S and Rhee, TG and Huh, KC},
title = {Clinical effects of ursodeoxycholic acid in COVID-19 infection: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.},
journal = {Frontiers in pharmacology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1719144},
pmid = {41993579},
issn = {1663-9812},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have shown that ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) reduces COVID-19 infection by inhibiting farnesoid X receptor activity, a direct regulator of ACE2. Even though UDCA, an easily accessible medication with few side effects, could be considered for administration to prevent infection and relieve symptoms for COVID-19 infection, there are limited supporting studies with a high-level of evidence and recommendations for the exact dosage of UDCA. We conducted a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical effect of UDCA in COVID-19 infection.

METHODS: Studies were identified through a literature search: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane from inception to March 2025. We included research related to COVID-19 infection and UDCA. Primary outcomes were COVID-19 infection rate, mortality rate, COVID-19 severe infection risk, ventilator use, hospitalization, ICU hospitalization, and recovery time between UDCA group and controls. The secondary outcome was UDCA dose-response association regarding infection risk. We analyzed for odds ratios (ORs), including infection rate, mortality rate, severe infection risk, ventilator use, hospitalization, and intensive care unit hospitalization, and for standardized mean difference (SMD), including recovery time between UDCA groups and controls. Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) was used to evaluate bias risk.

RESULTS: Of 188 articles, 15 cohort studies with 716,310 participants (control = 495,276; UDCA treatment = 221,034) were included. The level of risk of bias was seven studies at low, four at moderate, and four at serious. UDCA showed association with a lower risk of infection (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.55-0.86), lower severe infection risk (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.64-0.89), and ventilator use (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.62-0.90) compared to controls.

CONCLUSION: The findings support evidence for the clinical effects of UDCA for COVID-19 infection. There is a need for randomized trials to evaluate UDCA as a potential prophylactic agent against COVID-19.

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251019195, identifier #CRD420251019195.},
}

@article {pmid41995128,
year = {2026},
author = {Gonah, L and Ginindza, TG and Hlongwana, KW},
title = {Mapping global evidence on compassion fatigue among healthcare workers during COVID-19: insights and implications for future preparedness - a scoping review.},
journal = {Journal of global health},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {04130},
pmid = {41995128},
issn = {2047-2986},
mesh = {Humans ; *Compassion Fatigue/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; *Health Personnel/psychology ; Risk Factors ; Frontline Workers ; Prevalence ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Compassion fatigue (CF) is a critical occupational hazard for healthcare workers (HCWs), intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic, with implications for well-being, retention, and quality of care. We aimed to map the global evidence on CF prevalence, risk factors, effects, interventions, and research gaps among HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: A scoping review of 56 studies from 21 countries (2020-2025) was conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Seven databases were searched, and findings were synthesised narratively with attention to occupational, demographic, and systemic determinants of CF.

RESULTS: Compassion fatigue prevalence ranged from 20 to 87%. It was most pronounced among nurses, women, frontline staff, early-career professionals, and those in under-resourced or rural settings. Key risk factors included high workload, long shifts, repeated exposure to death, moral distress, and limited organisational support. Symptoms encompassed emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, diminished empathy, and co-occurring anxiety, depression, or secondary traumatic stress. Interventions (resilience and peer-support programmes, self-compassion training, motivational messaging, and mobile psychoeducation) showed small-to-moderate benefits but were limited by methodological heterogeneity and scarce robust evaluation. Temporally, CF peaked during early pandemic surges and persisted among frontline staff and in resource-constrained or long-COVID contexts.

CONCLUSIONS: Compassion fatigue is a multifactorial, context-dependent hazard disproportionately affecting vulnerable HCWs. Effective mitigation requires longitudinal research, inclusive global representation, and multi-level strategies linking individual resilience with organisational reform and policy action to safeguard HCW well-being in current and future crises.},
}

Humans
*Compassion Fatigue/epidemiology
*COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology
*Health Personnel/psychology
Risk Factors
Frontline Workers
Prevalence

@article {pmid41995349,
year = {2026},
author = {Schiffer, JT and Reeves, DB and Mayer, B and Rodriguez, LR and Duke, ER and Haddock, B and Avila-Ponce de Leon, U and Iwami, S and Owens, K and Esmaeili-Wellman, S},
title = {Clinical trial simulation of antiviral drugs.},
journal = {Journal of virology},
volume = {100},
number = {5},
pages = {e0181424},
pmid = {41995349},
issn = {1098-5514},
support = {R01AI77512//National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/ ; R01 AI186721/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AI150500/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {*Antiviral Agents/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Humans ; *Clinical Trials as Topic ; Computer Simulation ; Viral Load/drug effects ; Models, Theoretical ; *Virus Diseases/drug therapy/virology ; Models, Biological ; },
abstract = {Antiviral clinical trial simulation (CTS) is a type of mathematical modeling that couples viral- immune dynamics (VID) unique to each human viral pathogen, with mechanistic, pharmacokinetic (PK), and pharmacodynamic (PD) drug characteristics. Validation is achieved by matching model output to detailed viral load trajectories from trials. Antiviral CTS can be applied at all stages of drug development to viruses with distinct shedding patterns. Models can capture the activity of small molecules, neutralizing antibodies, and cellular therapies, as well as combination strategies to enhance potency and avoid drug resistance. Several principles are observed across antiviral CTS models. First, PK and PD models that recapitulate drug levels and concentration-dependent antiviral activity are often necessary, but never sufficient to predict trial results. VID equations are also required to guide optimal treatment timing because expanding immune responses synergistically eliminate infection but are deleterious if too sustained or intense. Therefore, equivalent antiviral doses may have different efficacy if given during different infection stages. Second, antiviral CTS models identify effective plasma drug concentrations in humans, which are often poorly predicted by in vitro assays. Finally, models that do not consider drug mechanisms lead to incorrect efficacy estimates. Data-validated CTS is increasingly used to inform drug dose and dosing interval, treatment timing and duration, virologic endpoint selection, and sample size, particularly when applied to detailed phase 1 and 2 trial data. Given the high expense of antiviral licensure trials, CTS models are vital to optimize trial efficacy and de-risk the drug development process.},
}

*Antiviral Agents/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology/therapeutic use
Humans
*Clinical Trials as Topic
Computer Simulation
Viral Load/drug effects
Models, Theoretical
*Virus Diseases/drug therapy/virology
Models, Biological

@article {pmid41995633,
year = {2026},
author = {Kruger, EC and Fataar, A and Kengne, AP and Erasmus, RT and Zemlin, AE},
title = {Mapping the evidence: a scoping review of the impact of COVID-19 on non-communicable disease care in Sub-Saharan Africa.},
journal = {Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-13},
doi = {10.1080/10408363.2026.2651301},
pmid = {41995633},
issn = {1549-781X},
abstract = {Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of mortality globally and account for a growing proportion of the disease burden in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where health systems face significant resource constraints. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted healthcare delivery globally, raising concerns that interruptions to routine NCD care could lead to higher morbidity and mortality among populations requiring ongoing care. Although evidence of the pandemic's impact on NCD care has been documented in high-income settings, the experience of SSA health systems, which entered the pandemic with preexisting infrastructure and workforce limitations, remains incompletely understood. This scoping review aimed to systematically map the evidence on COVID-19's impact on NCD care in SSA and to identify service adaptations implemented to maintain care continuity during the pandemic. Studies examining the COVID-19 pandemic and disruptions in NCD screening, diagnosis, or monitoring among adults in SSA were identified from four electronic databases: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and Web of Science. The search strategy combined Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and keywords related to geographic location (SSA), exposure (COVID-19 pandemic and related public health measures), and outcomes (screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of NCDs). Inclusion was limited to original research published between March 2020 and December 2023, written in English, French, or German, and reporting observational data on pandemic-related disruptions to NCD care. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts, with data extraction conducted using a standardized form capturing study characteristics, NCD types examined, nature of documented disruptions, and reported innovations. Twenty-eight studies were eligible for inclusion across seven countries in SSA, with the majority of evidence originating from South Africa and Ethiopia. Included studies were mainly retrospective and cross-sectional, with some using mixed-methods and time-series designs, and examined various NCDs, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cancers. Sample sizes ranged from fewer than 100 participants to datasets exceeding 9 million records. Due to the heterogeneity of study designs, populations, and outcomes, findings were synthesized narratively. Six major themes emerged: disrupted access to routine care, interruptions to diagnostics and monitoring, medicine supply chain challenges, adoption of remote care models, health equity impacts, and clinical outcome implications. The pandemic was associated with widespread barriers to healthcare access, diagnostic delays, and medication shortages, with the implementation of innovations such as telemedicine and community-based delivery often hindered by technological and resource limitations. COVID-19 significantly disrupted NCD care across SSA, though health systems demonstrated notable capacity for adaptation, emphasizing the need for resilient service delivery models and equity-focused monitoring to safeguard care during future health emergencies.},
}

@article {pmid41996417,
year = {2026},
author = {Byrd, W and Salehi, N and Henderson, C},
title = {Covid-19 testing, sick-pay and public health outbreak management of respiratory infections in care homes: three rapid reviews of the literature.},
journal = {Journal of public health (Oxford, England)},
volume = {48},
number = {2},
pages = {539-542},
pmid = {41996417},
issn = {1741-3850},
support = {NIHR154310//UK National Institute for Health Research Health and Social Care Delivery Research/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; COVID-19 ; *COVID-19 Testing ; *Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; *Nursing Homes ; Pandemics ; *Public Health ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology/diagnosis/therapy ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Credible and costed plans for managing future outbreaks of Covid-19 and other respiratory infections depend on the availability of good quality evidence. Methods: Three rapid reviews (RRs) examined evidence on: Bibliographic database searches for each RR and supplementary grey literature searches of Google for RR1 and RR3.

RESULTS: RR1 included 1 study, RR2 none, and RR3, 1 report. RR1: a study of testing undertaken during an outbreak of Covid-19 in one care home. RR3: a report briefly described recommended inputs of one local authority's public health service into managing outbreaks of respiratory infections in settings including care homes.

CONCLUSION: The reviews found little-to-no recent evidence on care home providers' policy and practice on asymptomatic Covid-19 testing, care home sick pay and/or shift backfill, and the incidence of Covid-19 and other respiratory infections, nor on costs of public health teams' outbreak management.},
}

Humans
*Clinical Laboratory Techniques
COVID-19
*COVID-19 Testing
*Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control
*Nursing Homes
Pandemics
*Public Health
*Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology/diagnosis/therapy

@article {pmid41996892,
year = {2026},
author = {Liu, C and Yuan, X},
title = {Respiratory viruses as key drivers of pulmonary fibrosis: integrated pathways from barrier injury to immune-fibrotic crosstalk.},
journal = {Virology},
volume = {620},
number = {},
pages = {110913},
doi = {10.1016/j.virol.2026.110913},
pmid = {41996892},
issn = {1096-0341},
mesh = {Humans ; *Pulmonary Fibrosis/virology/immunology/pathology ; Signal Transduction ; Animals ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism ; Macrophages, Alveolar/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; COVID-19/complications/virology/immunology ; Lung/virology/pathology/immunology ; },
abstract = {Pulmonary fibrosis (PF), a highly heterogeneous form of interstitial lung disease, presents substantial challenges for both basic research and clinical management due to its complex pathogenesis and poor clinical outcomes. In recent years, PF induced by respiratory viral infections has emerged as a forefront topic in respiratory medicine. However, the dynamic regulatory network linking virus-mediated alveolar epithelial injury, aberrant tissue repair, and fibroblast activation remains incompletely understood. This review focuses on representative respiratory viruses-including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), seasonal influenza viruses, and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses-and analyzes, from multiple mechanistic dimensions, how viral infection drives the development of PF. The article analyzes how viral infections contribute to tissue damage and functional loss in the lungs via direct host-cell injury, dysregulated immune responses, and disturbances in epigenetic regulation. In particular, the review highlights the aberrant activation of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway and virus-induced polarization of alveolar macrophages as key processes in the progression of fibrosis. Furthermore, this review systematically summarizes the shared molecular pathways triggered by viral infections in the development of PF and their potential biomarkers, providing a theoretical basis for targeted therapies. In conclusion, respiratory viruses are not only significant etiological factors in PF, but also accelerate the fibrotic process through immune-fibrotic interactions. This review provides a theoretical framework for a deeper understanding of virus-induced PF and outlines directions for the development of targeted therapies and clinical intervention strategies.},
}

Humans
*Pulmonary Fibrosis/virology/immunology/pathology
Signal Transduction
Animals
Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
Macrophages, Alveolar/immunology
SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity
COVID-19/complications/virology/immunology
Lung/virology/pathology/immunology

@article {pmid41998470,
year = {2026},
author = {Ho, JKY and Brewster, A and Kienzler, H and Brown, JSL},
title = {Perceived Discrimination and Mental Health Among First-Generation East Asian Immigrants: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41998470},
issn = {2196-8837},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Research has found that first-generation immigrants often experience poorer mental health outcomes than later-generation immigrants and native-born individuals. Perceived discrimination is a key factor, exacerbated by recent global events such as COVID-19. However, much of the literature aggregates immigrants of different Asian ethnicities and generational statuses, despite documented disparities in mental health outcomes. This review aims to address this gap in literature by systematically reviewing empirical studies that explore the relationship between perceived discrimination and mental health outcomes of first-generation immigrants from East Asia only. METHODS: This review was registered on the PROSPERO international registry for systematic review protocols (Registration Number: CRD42024505188). Five databases (Embase, PsycINFO, Medline, Web of Science and Scopus) were searched for quantitative, English-language studies that explored the relationship between perceived discrimination and validated measures of mental health outcomes among first-generation East Asian immigrants. Studies were appraised for methodological quality using The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies tool [1]. Findings were synthesised narratively due to heterogeneity in methodology across studies. RESULTS: Out of 1,061 screened articles, 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. All included studies explored perceived discrimination, through racial discrimination. Only studies of Korean or Chinese first-generation immigrants were found. Ten studies reported a significant association between perceived racial discrimination and poorer mental health outcomes, particularly depressive symptoms. A range of variables that influenced this relationship were also identified, with degree of social support emerging as a consistent factor. Methodological limitations included inconsistent control for relevant sociodemographic or immigrant-related variables and differences in in exclusion or inclusion criteria used in the different studies. CONCLUSION: Overall, the findings highlight that experiences of perceived racial discrimination have a detrimental impact on the mental health of first-generation Korean and Chinese immigrants. However, inconsistencies in the measurement and study design presented challenges for synthesising the results and drawing firm conclusions, particularly regarding the role of influencing variables. Future research should use more consistent measures of perceived discrimination and mental health to better quantify the outcomes and understand the mental health implications. Research should also continue to disaggregate data by both generational status and specific East Asian ethnic groups, particularly those underrepresented in the current review, such as Japanese, Taiwanese, and Mongolian immigrants.},
}

@article {pmid41998754,
year = {2026},
author = {Amanat, N and Hosseini, SH and Habibisaravi, R and Omrani, MG},
title = {COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy in pediatrics: a systematic review.},
journal = {Systematic reviews},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41998754},
issn = {2046-4053},
mesh = {Humans ; *Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage ; *Parents/psychology ; Child ; Pediatrics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Vaccination/psychology ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Infant ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Vaccine-preventable diseases remain among the top ten global health threats. These findings indicate an important link between health and vaccine literacy. Children are less affected by COVID-19 than adults are but can be particularly vulnerable in communities with inadequate and weak infrastructure. One in five parents was skeptical about the COVID-19 vaccine. The present study combined the findings of previous studies to identify the reasons for parental hesitancy related to children's COVID-19 vaccination.

METHODS: We conducted a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to investigate vaccine hesitancy among parents of children aged 0-18 years in the context of COVID-19. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using the keywords "vaccine hesitancy," "pediatrics," and "COVID-19" for studies published between January 2019 and August 2024. Eligible studies were published in English and focused on parental perspectives. Two independent reviewers screened 2950 records, extracted data, and assessed study quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklists. Thematic analysis identified key drivers of vaccine hesitancy.

RESULTS: Of the 48 full-text articles screened, 22 studies met the eligibility criteria. The included studies took place in 11 different countries. The thematic analysis resulted in two main headings: (1) vaccine-related concerns, which included safety/trust concerns (100% of studies) and accessibility barriers (13.6%), and (2) user-related concerns: risk perception (31.8%), lack of knowledge (50%), cultural manifestation (13.6%), and previous medical conditions (31.8%). Universal concerns about safety and trust were evident in all studies, while cultural and accessibility barriers were context-specific and fluctuated by region and population.

CONCLUSION: The study points to interventions for reversing parental hesitation towards pediatric COVID-19 vaccination, like tailored education programs, streamlining distribution procedures, creating public acceptance through local community opinion leaders, and appropriate risk communication by public health institutions. All of these can contribute to making sound policies and making future immunization planning easier.},
}

Humans
*Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology
*COVID-19/prevention & control
*COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
*Parents/psychology
Child
Pediatrics
SARS-CoV-2
*Vaccination/psychology
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
Infant

@article {pmid41999993,
year = {2026},
author = {Farsiu, N and Khodadadpour Mahani, F and Arefinia, N and Charostad, J and Pardeshenas, M and Mirzaei, H and Nakhaie, M and Hassandarvish, P and AbuBakar, S},
title = {From legacy to innovation: A comprehensive review of vaccine platforms against viral infections.},
journal = {Virus research},
volume = {368},
number = {},
pages = {199730},
pmid = {41999993},
issn = {1872-7492},
mesh = {Humans ; *Virus Diseases/prevention & control/immunology ; Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/immunology ; *Vaccine Development/methods ; *Viral Vaccines/immunology ; Animals ; Vaccines, DNA/immunology ; Vaccination/methods ; COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Vaccines, Subunit/immunology ; Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology ; Vaccine Efficacy ; },
abstract = {Viral infections continue to pose a substantial global health concern, resulting in extensive morbidity and mortality among various populations. Although conventional vaccinations have been pivotal in managing and eliminating certain viral infections, the introduction of new viruses and the resurgence of existing ones underscore the ongoing necessity for creative immunization techniques. This review offers an extensive examination of both conventional and novel vaccine platforms for preventing viral diseases. It analyzes traditional approaches such as inactivated and attenuated vaccines in conjunction with innovative technologies, including subunit, viral vector-based, DNA, mRNA, and virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines. Furthermore, novel strategies to enhance vaccination efficacy, including nanoparticle-based and plant-derived vaccines, are examined. Each platform is evaluated according to its mode of action, immunogenicity, safety, scalability, and adaptation to novel threats. Empirical instances, especially observations from the COVID-19 pandemic, are employed to underscore the achievements, obstacles, and pragmatic utilization of these tools. By reviewing the scientific foundations and developmental pathways of diverse vaccine strategies, this paper offers a more profound understanding of the evolving landscape of viral vaccine development. Finally, this review emphasizes the critical role of innovation in strengthening global readiness for current and future outbreaks.},
}

Humans
*Virus Diseases/prevention & control/immunology
Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/immunology
*Vaccine Development/methods
*Viral Vaccines/immunology
Animals
Vaccines, DNA/immunology
Vaccination/methods
COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology
COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
Vaccine Efficacy

@article {pmid42000530,
year = {2026},
author = {Yoshii, K and Kunisawa, J},
title = {Alcaligenes lipid A: a unique TLR4 agonist mucosal adjuvant inducing secretory IgA and Th17 responses.},
journal = {Current opinion in virology},
volume = {76},
number = {},
pages = {101533},
doi = {10.1016/j.coviro.2026.101533},
pmid = {42000530},
issn = {1879-6265},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of infectious disease control. In this context, intensive efforts are underway to develop novel vaccine modalities that will enable the production of effective and safe vaccines in preparation for future pandemics caused by emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. To maximize the performance of these new modalities, adjuvants tailored to the characteristics of each platform are indispensable. In particular, the ability to elicit appropriate immune responses with minimal amounts of antigen is a critical determinant of both vaccine efficacy and safety in the development of mucosal vaccines that confer protection against infection by inducing immune responses in mucosal tissues - the primary sites of pathogen entry. Consequently, the development of superior adjuvants is a key factor for the practical implementation of mucosal vaccines. In this article, we focus on adjuvant development aimed at the creation of mucosal vaccines and introduce our efforts to apply Alcaligenes-derived lipid A to mucosal vaccine platforms.},
}

@article {pmid42000586,
year = {2026},
author = {Gulati, RR and Yaqub, F and Goodman, AL},
title = {Enhancing uptake of respiratory vaccinations in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients: a systematic review.},
journal = {Vaccine},
volume = {81},
number = {},
pages = {128560},
doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128560},
pmid = {42000586},
issn = {1873-2518},
mesh = {Humans ; *Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/immunology ; *Asthma/immunology ; Pneumococcal Vaccines/administration & dosage ; *Vaccination/statistics & numerical data ; Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage ; COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control ; Patient Education as Topic ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Despite influenza, pneumococcal and COVID vaccines being widely recommended for patients with chronic respiratory disease, vaccination rates in this cohort remain low. The aim of this systematic review is to identify interventions which are effective in increasing respiratory vaccination rates in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma.

METHODS: The inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study can be found in the PROSPERO protocol (PROSPERO registration no: CRD42025588565). A search was run across four databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL and ClinicalTrials.gov) in February 2025, which returned 2537 studies. Eleven studies were deemed to meet the study inclusion/exclusion criteria and these were narratively synthesised: four randomised clinical trials (RCTs), six longitudinal studies and one observational cohort study. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane's Risk of Bias (RoB-V2) and ROBIN-I-V2 tools. Studies were categorised according to the COM-B model of behaviour change.

RESULTS: All 11 studies consisted of COPD populations, with four studies also including asthma patients. Interventions focused on patient education, with/without involvement of a healthcare professional (HCP). Nine of the eleven studies showed a statistically significant improvement in influenza and/or pneumococcal vaccination rate with an intervention. No studies assessing COVID vaccine uptake in this population were suitable for inclusion. Most studies targeted patients' capability to get vaccinated through improving patients' and HCPs' knowledge. Fewer studies focused on social opportunity (e.g. support from other patients/HCPs) or automatic motivation (e.g. reminders).

DISCUSSION: The published literature in this area is currently limited. Most studies are non-randomised and are at high-risk of bias, making meta-analysis not possible. Further research should assess the practicalities (physical opportunity) of vaccination, especially in low-income economies (where most respiratory patients reside) and standardising research methods to allow for future meta-analysis.

OTHER: There is no funding for this review.},
}

Humans
*Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/immunology
*Asthma/immunology
Pneumococcal Vaccines/administration & dosage
*Vaccination/statistics & numerical data
Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
COVID-19/prevention & control
Influenza, Human/prevention & control
Patient Education as Topic
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

@article {pmid42000938,
year = {2026},
author = {Ramirez Campos, MS and Barati, K and Samavi, R and Pires, P and Duncan, L and Sassi, RB and Noseworthy, MD and Gadsden, SA and Doyle, TE},
title = {Multimodal artificial intelligence and online learning in youth mental health: a scoping review.},
journal = {Npj mental health research},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42000938},
issn = {2731-4251},
abstract = {Youth mental health-related problems and disorders have garnered increased attention due to global prevalence estimates that have, in some cases, increased following the COVID-19 pandemic. Various methodologies have been proposed to leverage artificial intelligence (AI) for detecting mental health problems in the general population; however, research specifically focused on AI methods for youth remains limited. Shortcomings in modern AI include limited training data modalities (i.e., types of input data used for model training), reliance on offline training, and the use of static models. This scoping review provides an overview of evidence that uses AI methods applied to youth mental health (YMH) and provides an assessment of the current state of research that integrates multimodal AI (i.e., models that incorporate multiple data modalities) and/or online learning (i.e., incremental or continual model training from streaming data) for the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of YMH-related problems. The findings indicate that research in AI applied to YMH is limited in the areas of multimodal AI and online learning. The number of studies in this field is steadily growing. Studies incorporating online learning demonstrate that this approach enhances model performance and adaptability, which is crucial for developing translational models capable of addressing real-world challenges effectively. Despite these advances, key challenges remain, including the availability and long-term validity of multimodal data, the lack of participant-related information in certain databases and studies, the ethical and logistical difficulties of collecting data from minors, and the computational costs of training robust AI models.},
}

@article {pmid42001013,
year = {2026},
author = {Marks, Y and Cunningham, J and Jiang, A and Li, L and Lin, YS and McGrory, A and Ouyang, Y and Tran, NA and Wang, Y and Heath, A},
title = {A systematic review of sample size determination in Bayesian randomized clinical trials: full Bayesian methods are rarely used.},
journal = {BMC medical research methodology},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42001013},
issn = {1471-2288},
support = {463252//Canadian Institutes for Health Research Grant/ ; CIHR Grant #184898//CANSSI-CRT award; CIHR CANTRAIN program/ ; RGPIN-2021-03366//Canada Research Chair in Statistical Trial Design; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; },
mesh = {Bayes Theorem ; Humans ; Sample Size ; *Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/methods/statistics & numerical data ; *Research Design ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Utilizing Bayesian methods in clinical trials has become increasingly popular, as they can incorporate prior information into the design, and allow for smaller sample sizes while providing reliable and robust statistical results. Various Bayesian methods for sample size determination are available, and while these methods are well justified and understood, it is unclear how they are being used in practice. This study aims to understand how sample sizes for Bayesian efficacy randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are determined and inform future designs of Bayesian trials. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted in May 2023 and updated in July 2025. We included completed RCTs which (a) assessed the efficacy of interventions in humans; (b) utilized a Bayesian framework for the primary data analysis; (c) published in English; and (d) enrolled participants between December 2009 – July 2025. RESULTS: The literature search produced 74,833 records, of which 27,890 were duplicates, and 46,943 were screened using manual and automated screening. 283 full texts were screened and 164 studies moved to extraction. Our findings demonstrate a slow increase in RCTs using Bayesian methods to analyse primary efficacy data from 2012 onwards, with a sharp increase during the COVID-19 pandemic (42%). The most common method for sample size determination in Bayesian RCTs was a hybrid approach (58%) in which elements of Bayesian and frequentist theory are combined. Bayesian RCTs predominantly took place in North America (34%) and mainly focused on adult study populations (85%). Bayesian trials were used in a variety of disease areas; the most common being COVID-19 (31%). CONCLUSION: Fully Bayesian methods for sample size determination are rarely used in practice, despite significant theoretical development. Our review revealed a lack of standardized reporting across Bayesian RCTs, making it challenging to review the sample size determination. The CONSORT statement indicates that RCTs must report sample size calculations; adhered to by only 84% of included RCTs. Among RCTs that reported sample size determination, relevant information was frequently omitted from reports and discussed in poorly structured supplementary materials. Thus, there is a critical need for greater transparency, standardization and translation of relevant methodology in Bayesian RCTs.},
}

Bayes Theorem
Humans
Sample Size
*Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/methods/statistics & numerical data
*Research Design
COVID-19/epidemiology

@article {pmid42001977,
year = {2026},
author = {Nilius, H and Kuster, L and Boss, R and Boschetti, L and Mihalek, N and Soares Ferreira Junior, A and Naas, S and Jegerlehner, S and Largiader, CR and Nakas, C and Nagler, M},
title = {Dissemination in diagnostic accuracy studies is not associated with methodological quality: a systematic review and meta-epidemiological analysis.},
journal = {Journal of clinical epidemiology},
volume = {195},
number = {},
pages = {112270},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclinepi.2026.112270},
pmid = {42001977},
issn = {1878-5921},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/epidemiology ; Journal Impact Factor ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Information Dissemination ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To evaluate associations between methodological characteristics and dissemination measures in diagnostic accuracy studies. The COVID-19 pandemic generated a large body of studies addressing a single diagnostic question, allowing assessment of how study characteristics relate to dissemination.

STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Using a preregistered systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42023343656), we identified studies evaluating the diagnostic performance of SARS-CoV-2 serological tests through Medline, Embase, and the iSearch Portfolio. Risk of bias and applicability were assessed using QUADAS-2. Study characteristics were linked to dissemination measures, including journal impact factor, citation counts, network-based scientific influence (PageRank), and policy and guideline citations, using multivariable regression models.

RESULTS: Among 18,092 screened records, 782 studies met the inclusion criteria. QUADAS-2 assessments varied substantially, with 772 of 782 studies (98.7%) exhibiting high or unclear risk of bias in at least one domain. Dissemination measures were positively associated with journal impact factor, earlier publication year, reporting of extreme diagnostic accuracy estimates, and higher last author H-index. In contrast, the number of domains rated as low risk of bias or high applicability was not positively associated with citation counts, network-based scientific influence, or policy citations.

CONCLUSION: Dissemination was primarily associated with structural and authorship characteristics rather than QUADAS-2 ratings. These findings suggest that dissemination in diagnostic research is more closely linked to structural factors than assessed methodological quality and support strengthening diagnostic-specific approaches to evidence appraisal.

PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: We examined whether high-quality diagnostic studies receive more attention in science and clinical practice. Using a large set of studies on COVID-19 antibody tests, we found that attention was mainly linked to factors such as the journal, publication timing, and authorship, rather than to methodological quality. Studies reporting very high accuracy also received more attention. This suggests that widely cited or highly visible studies are not necessarily the most reliable. Our findings highlight the need for careful evaluation of diagnostic studies and stronger emphasis on study quality when interpreting and using research results.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/diagnosis/epidemiology
Journal Impact Factor
SARS-CoV-2
*Information Dissemination
Pandemics

@article {pmid42005246,
year = {2026},
author = {Lala, A and Vysochyn, M and Shyshkova, K},
title = {COVID-19-Associated Cardiovascular Complications: A Narrative Literature Review.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {18},
number = {3},
pages = {e105394},
pmid = {42005246},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused significant global morbidity and mortality. Although initially recognized as a respiratory illness, COVID-19 is now understood to be a systemic disease with substantial cardiovascular involvement. Both patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease and those without prior cardiac conditions may develop a wide range of cardiovascular complications during and after acute infection. Reported complications include myocardial injury, myocarditis, heart failure, arrhythmias, and thromboembolic events, all of which contribute to increased disease severity and mortality. This narrative review summarizes current evidence on cardiovascular complications associated with COVID-19 among adult patients in the United States, with particular attention to differences between individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular disease and those who develop new cardiovascular pathology following SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review discusses proposed mechanisms of cardiovascular injury, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and current management strategies. By summarizing current knowledge, this review aimed to increase awareness of COVID-19-related cardiovascular complications, support timely recognition in emergency and inpatient settings, and assist clinicians in improving patient outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid42005429,
year = {2026},
author = {Rukundo, G and Moore, M and Semukunzi, H and Chatterjee, S and Musabyimana, JP and Mambo Muvunyi, C and Green, CA},
title = {Vaccine cold chain and understanding what underpins vaccine security for vaccine preventable diseases.},
journal = {BMJ medicine},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {e001835},
pmid = {42005429},
issn = {2754-0413},
abstract = {Vaccines have saved an estimated 154 million lives in the past 50 years and support 15 of the 17 United Nations sustainable development goals. Vaccines are also an important tool in the control of new outbreaks of infectious diseases. The vaccine cold chain, however, is key in enabling and empowering implementation of vaccine policy and societal protection from all vaccine preventable diseases, and is especially relevant in low and middle income countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The vaccine cold chain is a complex, highly specialised, temperature controlled supply chain network that extends from the point of vaccine manufacture to dose administration, and has multiple points of vulnerability. Large quantities of vaccines are lost because of excess heat or accidental freezing, resulting in missed opportunities for vaccination. Disruption to the provision of routine vaccines during the covid-19 pandemic resulted in millions of children not being vaccinated. The vaccine cold chain needs strategic prioritisation for investment and innovation so that the next generation of vaccine cold chains for low and middle income countries can be designed towards providing reliable and sustainable vaccine security in an uncertain world of climate change, managing the advent of new vaccine technologies, and narrowing inequalities in global health for resource poor communities. This review focuses on the vaccine cold chain in African low and middle income countries, and how new and emerging advances in vaccine science and challenges will affect the readiness to control the burden of vaccine preventable disease on the continent.},
}

@article {pmid42005985,
year = {2026},
author = {Msobo, A and Maphari, PW and Koorsen, G and Singab, ANB and Mhlongo, MI},
title = {Modernising antiviral drug discovery: harnessing medicinal plants through machine learning and metabolomics to target the SARS-CoV-2 main protease.},
journal = {In silico pharmacology},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {120},
pmid = {42005985},
issn = {2193-9616},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted critical limitations in the speed, scalability and translational efficiency of conventional antiviral drug discovery. Although vaccines and repurposed antivirals have reduced disease severity, the continued emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and breakthrough infections underscores the need for sustained discovery of novel therapeutics. The main protease (Mpro), an essential and highly conserved enzyme required for viral replication remains a validated and attractive antiviral target. Medicinal plants represent a vast and underexplored source of structurally diverse bioactive compounds with antiviral potential; however, traditional plant-based drug discovery approaches are often constrained by reliance on ethnobotanical knowledge and fragmented screening workflows. This review critically examines emerging strategies that integrate machine learning, LC-MS-based metabolomics and network pharmacology to modernise medicinal plant-based antiviral discovery. We highlight how machine learning enables data-driven prioritisation of candidate compounds and plant species beyond well-studied taxa, while metabolomics provides experimental validation through comprehensive chemical profiling and dereplication. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics further refine candidate selection by evaluating binding modes and stability, whereas network pharmacology offers systems-level insight into multitarget and multipathway effects. Importantly, we discuss key limitations of these approaches, including data bias, model interpretability, and gaps between in silico prediction and experimental validation. By synthesising these methodologies into a unified computational-experimental pipeline, this review provides a critical framework for accelerating the discovery of plant-derived Mpro inhibitors and supports the development of resilient antiviral strategies for current and future pandemics.},
}

@article {pmid42007740,
year = {2026},
author = {Almaraz-De-Santiago, J and Solís-Torres, N and Escudero-Lourdes, C and Méndez-Frausto, G and Gonzalez-Curiel, I and Rivas-Santiago, B and Rivas-Santiago, C},
title = {Particulate Matter and Innate Airway Immunity: Mechanisms of Disruption and Impact on Respiratory Infections.},
journal = {Immunological investigations},
volume = {55},
number = {5},
pages = {1029-1053},
doi = {10.1080/08820139.2026.2655720},
pmid = {42007740},
issn = {1532-4311},
mesh = {Humans ; *Immunity, Innate ; *Particulate Matter/adverse effects/immunology ; Animals ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Respiratory System/immunology ; Disease Susceptibility ; Respiratory Mucosa/immunology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Air pollution is a major global public health challenge, with particulate matter (PM) as a leading environmental risk factor for increased morbidity and premature mortality worldwide. The respiratory tract is the primary interface for PM exposure, where airway epithelial cells and innate immune systems coordinate frontline host defense. Chronic PM-exposure disrupts this system, impairing airway immune homeostasis and increasing susceptibility to respiratory infections.

OBJECTIVE: This review aims to integrate current molecular and cellular evidence describing how PM affects airway innate immunity, focusing on its impact on host defense mechanisms and its role in increasing susceptibility to respiratory infections.

METHODS: A comprehensive literature review was conducted focusing on PM interactions with the respiratory tract and their effects on airway epithelial and innate immune functions, emphasizing mechanisms of immune dysregulation.

RESULTS: PM-exposure induces innate immune dysregulation characterized by oxidative imbalance, altered cytokine and chemokine signaling, reduced phagocytic capacity, and decreased production of host defense peptides, resulting in impaired epithelial barrier integrity, persistent inflammation, defective pathogen clearance, and increased susceptibility and severity of respiratory infections, including tuberculosis, bacterial pneumonia, and viral respiratory diseases such as COVID-19.

CONCLUSION: PM is a key driver of airway innate immune dysfunction and increased susceptibility to respiratory infections by disrupting epithelial and immune defense pathways, weakening host resistance, and exacerbating disease burden. Further studies are needed to elucidate PM-immune interactions and support the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies.},
}

Humans
*Immunity, Innate
*Particulate Matter/adverse effects/immunology
Animals
*Respiratory Tract Infections/immunology
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Respiratory System/immunology
Disease Susceptibility
Respiratory Mucosa/immunology

@article {pmid42009524,
year = {2026},
author = {Mao, M and He, Z and Wang, J and Li, M and Hao, X},
title = {[Research progress in mRNA vaccines for animal disease prevention and control].},
journal = {Sheng wu gong cheng xue bao = Chinese journal of biotechnology},
volume = {42},
number = {4},
pages = {1458-1469},
doi = {10.13345/j.cjb.250738},
pmid = {42009524},
issn = {1872-2075},
support = {2025BBF02009//the Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region/ ; 32360877 and 32370198//the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2023AAC02016//the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Natural Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *mRNA Vaccines/immunology ; *Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Vaccine Development ; RNA, Messenger/immunology/genetics ; },
abstract = {mRNA vaccines, as an emerging preventive measure, have gained widespread recognition due to their high efficacy, favorable safety profile, substantial research potential, and short development cycle. In recent years, the global pandemic of COVID-19 has greatly promoted the development of mRNA vaccines, and the research process in mRNA vaccines for animal disease prevention. This paper briefly reviews the structural and functional characteristics of mRNA vaccines, as well as the latest research progress in mRNA vaccines for animal diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites, with the aim of providing a reference for future research on mRNA vaccines for animal diseases.},
}

Animals
*mRNA Vaccines/immunology
*Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
COVID-19/prevention & control
Vaccine Development
RNA, Messenger/immunology/genetics

@article {pmid42009582,
year = {2026},
author = {Dutta, S},
title = {International collaborations in neonatal and fetal medicine - Low-and-middle income countries have the patients and high-income countries have the technology: Consensus, conundrums and controversies.},
journal = {Seminars in fetal & neonatal medicine},
volume = {31},
number = {3},
pages = {101737},
doi = {10.1016/j.siny.2026.101737},
pmid = {42009582},
issn = {1878-0946},
mesh = {Humans ; *Developing Countries ; *International Cooperation ; Developed Countries ; *Neonatology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {International collaborations between investigators in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs) in neonatal and fetal medicine have expanded over the past decade. This narrative review documents a rise in HIC-LMIC publications since 2014, with a plateau and transient dip during the COVID-19 pandemic. It analyses leadership, patient recruitment, and how HIC-based technologies and laboratory platforms shape research agendas. Many influential trials are conceived and sponsored by HIC institutions, with recruitment concentrated in LMICs because of higher disease burden, larger eligible populations and lower costs. Meanwhile, LMIC centers report growing readiness to support randomized controlled trials, and LMIC-conceived, led and completed multicentre studies are increasingly reported. Ongoing concerns include misalignment between donor priorities and national agendas, inequities in authorship and leadership, and ethical challenges related to standards of care, post-trial access, consent and compensation. The review compares regulatory, consent and insurance processes in India and the United States, and highlights enabling factors such as harmonised guidelines, global registries, political goodwill and professional networks. It anticipates a doubling of HIC-LMIC collaborative studies over the next decade, rapid growth of South-South partnerships, and gradual, though incomplete, correction of authorship and leadership imbalances in global neonatal and fetal medicine.},
}

Humans
*Developing Countries
*International Cooperation
Developed Countries
*Neonatology
COVID-19/epidemiology

@article {pmid42009999,
year = {2026},
author = {Ashique, S and Mondal, M and Hussain, MS and Islam, A and Tariq, M and Chellappan, DK and Yasmin, S and Malik, T and Attar, JR and Ansari, MY},
title = {Safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in pregnant and lactating women: a comprehensive review.},
journal = {Inflammopharmacology},
volume = {34},
number = {5},
pages = {2873-2888},
pmid = {42009999},
issn = {1568-5608},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects/administration & dosage/immunology ; *Lactation/immunology ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology ; Breast Feeding ; *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Vaccine Efficacy ; Vaccination ; },
abstract = {Breastfeeding plays a critical role in providing essential nutrients and antibodies that enhance the health of new-borns and infants, supporting their immune systems and overall growth and development. Healthcare professionals, universally recommend breastfeeding for the first six months of an infant's life, in conjunction with an appropriate complementary diet. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has understandably raised concerns among lactating mothers and pregnant women regarding the risks of infection and vaccine safety. Therefore, it is essential to carefully evaluate the potential dangers of COVID-19 transmission within this vulnerable population especially when considering vaccination for pregnant and breastfeeding women. Encouragingly, the United States Food and Drug Administration has granted approval for the use of two COVID-19 vaccines namely, Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 and Moderna COVID-19 to contain the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Both vaccines have been approved for administration in pregnant and breastfeeding women, providing much-needed reassurance to those with concerns about vaccine safety. It is important to recognize that the benefits of vaccination for both the mother and the infant far outweigh the risks associated with COVID-19 infection. Therefore, lactating mothers should view vaccination as a vital measure to protect themselves and their infants from the virus. In addition to elaborating on the successes of safety and effectiveness, this review is unique that it also includes current and newly updated evidence published between 2020 and 2025, comprehensively discussing on several newer vaccine platforms together with recent viral variants. Furthermore, it synthesizes information on the transfer of transplacental and a breast-milk antibody that outlines a clear evidence-gap that may direct further research within pregnant and lactating populations.},
}

Humans
Female
Pregnancy
*COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects/administration & dosage/immunology
*Lactation/immunology
*COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology
Breast Feeding
*Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Vaccine Efficacy
Vaccination

@article {pmid42010035,
year = {2026},
author = {Elalouf, A and Maoz, H},
title = {Immunomodulatory Strategies for Managing Viral Infections in Solid Organ Transplantation: Progress and Challenges.},
journal = {Current microbiology},
volume = {83},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {42010035},
issn = {1432-0991},
mesh = {Humans ; *Organ Transplantation/adverse effects ; *Virus Diseases/immunology/therapy/prevention & control ; *Immunomodulation ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Immunosuppression Therapy/adverse effects ; Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {Solid organ transplantation (SOT) is a critical treatment for end-stage organ failure. Still, lifelong immunosuppression leaves recipients vulnerable to opportunistic viral infections, which can lead to severe complications such as graft dysfunction and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. With emerging viral threats such as SARS-CoV-2 and arboviruses, alongside persistent challenges posed by CMV, EBV, and BKV, this review is timely in addressing the evolving landscape of post-transplant viral infections and their management. Recent studies highlight how immunosuppression impairs both innate and adaptive antiviral defenses, including diminished toll-like receptor signaling, dysfunction of NK cells, and disrupted T- and B-cell responses. Viruses exploit these deficits through immune evasion strategies, such as MHC-I downregulation and the production of immunosuppressive microRNA. Advances in management include antiviral prophylaxis, adoptive T-cell therapy, and immune monitoring, with emerging therapies like virus-specific T-cell infusions and complement inhibition showing promise. The findings underscore the need for personalized, organ-specific approaches to post-transplant care. Enhanced surveillance, vaccination strategies, and novel immunotherapies are critical in mitigating viral risks. Future research should focus on immune-risk stratification and the development of an adaptable therapeutic approach to enhance transplant outcomes in the face of evolving viral threats.},
}

Humans
*Organ Transplantation/adverse effects
*Virus Diseases/immunology/therapy/prevention & control
*Immunomodulation
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
Immunosuppression Therapy/adverse effects
Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use

@article {pmid42010704,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, RY and Zheng, Y and Ge, Y and Xu, YF and Ding, Y},
title = {Electrophysiological features and outcomes of post-infectious myoclonus-ataxia syndrome: a case report and literature review.},
journal = {Journal of medical case reports},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42010704},
issn = {1752-1947},
support = {LY24H090004//Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province/ ; 82201607//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; *Ataxia/physiopathology/drug therapy/virology/diagnosis/etiology ; *COVID-19/complications ; Electroencephalography ; Electromyography ; Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use/administration & dosage ; *Myoclonus/physiopathology/drug therapy/etiology/diagnosis/virology ; Pandemics ; *Post-Infectious Disorders/diagnosis/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Syndrome ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Myoclonus has become one of the neurological manifestations associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, the origin and pathophysiological mechanism remained uncertain.

CASE PRESENTATION: A rare case of myoclonus-ataxia syndrome associated with COVID-19 was presented. A 52-year-old Asian woman exhibited generalized myoclonus, ataxia, nystagmus, and dysarthria two weeks after a fever episode, which deteriorated rapidly within a few days. Electromyography (EMG) revealed synchronized bursts in both hands concurrent with myoclonic jerks. The absence of somatosensory evoked potential and lack of correlation between electromyography (EEG) and EMG suggested a subcortical origin of the myoclonus. A post-infectious immune-mediated process was considered the most likely mechanism, given the latency from fever to myoclonus onset, and the absence of other possible etiologies. Treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone led to notable improvement and a good outcome at the two-month follow-up.

CONCLUSION: Myoclonus arising from subcortical structures can be associated with COVID-19. Early aggressive immunotherapy is important for a favorable outcome. Review of similar cases along with our report suggests COVID-19-associated myoclonus-ataxia as a distinct syndrome warranting prompt diagnosis and treatment.},
}

Female
Humans
Middle Aged
*Ataxia/physiopathology/drug therapy/virology/diagnosis/etiology
*COVID-19/complications
Electroencephalography
Electromyography
Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use/administration & dosage
*Myoclonus/physiopathology/drug therapy/etiology/diagnosis/virology
Pandemics
*Post-Infectious Disorders/diagnosis/therapy
SARS-CoV-2
Syndrome
Treatment Outcome

@article {pmid42011141,
year = {2026},
author = {Lloyd-Jones, G and Santamarina, MG and Alcock, R and Oudkerk, M},
title = {Acute COVID-19 lung disease and long COVID vascular pathophysiology modelling: the relevance of medical imaging in building multidisciplinary understanding.},
journal = {The British journal of radiology},
volume = {99},
number = {1182},
pages = {1009-1023},
doi = {10.1093/bjr/tqag056},
pmid = {42011141},
issn = {1748-880X},
mesh = {*COVID-19/diagnostic imaging/epidemiology/physiopathology ; *Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome/diagnostic imaging/epidemiology/physiopathology ; *Diagnostic Imaging/methods ; *Lung/blood supply/diagnostic imaging ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Acute Disease ; Models, Theoretical ; Interdisciplinary Research/methods ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; },
abstract = {Radiologists have a central role in building understanding of many diseases. In multidisciplinary settings, medical imaging has a role in diagnosing, assessing severity, monitoring progress and delineating anatomical structures involved in diseases. Imaging also helps to elucidate models of disease pathogenesis. In this review, imaging features of COVID-19 lung disease are analysed in the context of pathophysiological processes in different phases of the disease. Radiological evidence is presented for the central role of vasculopathic phenomena in both the acute and post-acute phases of COVID-19. From the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic, a lack of formal collaborative interdisciplinary systems to build models of pathophysiology led to widespread misunderstanding of the lung disease. Specifically, the lack of a systematic multidisciplinary approach to share concepts relating to radiological evidence with collaborators from other medical and scientific fields led to the use of terminology which was, and remains, potentially inappropriate or misleading. In conclusion, imaging is essential to multidisciplinary understanding of COVID-19 vascular pathophysiology. Current evidence should lead to adapted diagnostic guidelines for long COVID. Formation of collaborative systems to build interdisciplinary understanding of disease pathogenesis across all medical and scientific specialties should be a priority at the outset of any future pandemic.},
}

*COVID-19/diagnostic imaging/epidemiology/physiopathology
*Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome/diagnostic imaging/epidemiology/physiopathology
*Diagnostic Imaging/methods
*Lung/blood supply/diagnostic imaging
SARS-CoV-2
Acute Disease
Models, Theoretical
Interdisciplinary Research/methods
Guidelines as Topic
Humans

@article {pmid42011734,
year = {2026},
author = {Santos, MLK and Schmidt, CR and Dalcól, CX and Malkiewiez, MM and Alvarez, AG and Fabrizzio, GC and de Melo Lanzoni, GM and Lorenzini, E},
title = {Care Transition Strategies, Opportunities, and Challenges for Patients Following COVID-19 Hospitalization: An Integrative Review.},
journal = {Clinical nursing research},
volume = {35},
number = {5},
pages = {235-247},
doi = {10.1177/10547738261429358},
pmid = {42011734},
issn = {1552-3799},
mesh = {Humans ; *Continuity of Patient Care/organization & administration ; *COVID-19/therapy ; *Hospitalization ; Pandemics ; Patient Discharge ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Telemedicine ; *Transitional Care/organization & administration ; },
abstract = {Care transition is a strategy that aims to overcome the fragmentation of healthcare services, ensuring continuity of care. The review question was: What scientific evidence is available on care transition strategies for patients after hospitalization for COVID-19 and what are the opportunities and challenges of their implementation? Integrative literature review was guided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines and carried out between March and June 2024 in the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Web of Science, Excerpta Medica Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Cochrane Library, Scientific Electronic Library Online and Scopus databases, using Medical Subject Headings, Health Sciences Descriptors, and Entry Terms. Fourteen articles published between 2020 and 2023 were included, with 57% originating from the Americas, 28.6% using a qualitative approach, 78.6% addressing the transition from hospital to home, and 78.6% involving patients. The results were organized into four thematic categories: virtual care transition; patients' and healthcare professionals' experiences in care environments; patients' needs after hospital discharge; and care transition assessment through Care Transition Measure (CTM-15). Care transition strategies, including teleconsultations, videoconferencing, telerehabilitation, and discharge guidance, can reduce complications and readmissions and improve patient satisfaction, but challenges such as early discharge, poor communication, lack of protocols, variability in care transition strategies, and discontinuity of care still persist. The results of this review highlight the importance of structured, patient-centered transition planning, integration of telehealth and remote monitoring, and the use of systematic assessment tools, such as the CTM-15, to optimize post-hospital care for COVID-19 survivors.},
}

Humans
*Continuity of Patient Care/organization & administration
*COVID-19/therapy
*Hospitalization
Pandemics
Patient Discharge
SARS-CoV-2
Telemedicine
*Transitional Care/organization & administration

@article {pmid42012187,
year = {2026},
author = {Salisch, F and Müller-Ruttloff, C},
title = {Behind the membranous curtain-lipid dynamics and functions in coronaviral replication.},
journal = {Journal of virology},
volume = {100},
number = {5},
pages = {e0175325},
pmid = {42012187},
issn = {1098-5514},
support = {06/2023//University Medical Center Giessen-Marburg/ ; project 71_0016//Von-Behring-Röntgen-Stiftung/ ; project 530813989//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; //Hessisches Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kunst/ ; //Research Campus of Central Hesse/ ; },
mesh = {*Virus Replication/physiology ; Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; *Lipid Metabolism ; COVID-19/virology/metabolism ; Animals ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; *Lipids/chemistry ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Lipids are naturally occurring hydrophobic biomolecules characterized by remarkable structural diversity. This includes various types of head groups, varying fatty acid chain lengths, degrees of unsaturation, and stereochemical configurations. Such variability enables lipids to serve multiple biological functions, such as forming membranes, storing energy, and facilitating signaling. Given their diverse roles, it is not surprising that approximately 5% of genes in eukaryotic cells are involved in lipid biosynthesis pathways. The multifunctional nature of lipids also makes them attractive targets for pathogens, including viruses, as cellular lipids are involved in and manipulated throughout every stage of viral replication. In the initial phase of replication, viruses exploit existing cellular lipids for entry and trafficking. After the replication is established and viral proteins are processed, extensive reprogramming of lipid synthesis and redistribution supports viral replication, assembly, and other processes. This review focuses on how coronaviruses, especially severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), utilize different lipid species and related cellular enzymes to interfere with lipid dynamics and functions and how this affects the different stages of coronaviral replication in vitro. Besides illuminating virus-host lipid interactions, this review identifies remaining open questions and promising new avenues for future mechanistic research.},
}

*Virus Replication/physiology
Humans
*SARS-CoV-2/physiology
*Lipid Metabolism
COVID-19/virology/metabolism
Animals
Host-Pathogen Interactions
*Lipids/chemistry
Cell Membrane/metabolism

@article {pmid42012503,
year = {2026},
author = {Gödecke, V},
title = {[Immune complex- and complement-mediated glomerulonephritides].},
journal = {Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany)},
volume = {67},
number = {5},
pages = {506-514},
pmid = {42012503},
issn = {2731-7099},
mesh = {Humans ; *Glomerulonephritis/immunology/pathology/diagnosis/therapy ; *Antigen-Antibody Complex/immunology ; Lupus Nephritis/immunology/pathology/diagnosis/therapy ; Kidney Glomerulus/pathology/immunology ; Complement C3/immunology ; *Immune Complex Diseases/immunology/pathology/diagnosis/therapy ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative/immunology/pathology ; Complement Pathway, Alternative/immunology ; *Complement System Proteins/immunology ; Biopsy ; Cryoglobulinemia/immunology/pathology ; },
abstract = {Glomerulonephritis represents a heterogeneous group of kidney diseases characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli and capable of leading to acute or chronic kidney failure. In addition to the primary glomerulonephritides described elsewhere in this issue, there is a group of diseases in which immune complex deposition or disturbances in complement regulation play a central pathogenic role. Among the most important and clinically relevant forms of these immune complex- and complement-mediated glomerulonephritides are postinfectious glomerulonephritis (PIGN), lupus nephritis (LN), cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis, and C3 glomerulopathy (C3G). While PIGN, LN, and cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis are characterized by glomerular immune complex deposits, C3 glomerulopathy is primarily based on a dysregulation of the alternative complement pathway. These diseases require specialized treatment in university outpatient clinics in collaboration with nephrology practices. Renal biopsy is a key diagnostic tool, and histologically, a membranoproliferative pattern is frequently observed. This article provides a systematic overview of immune complex- and complement-mediated glomerulonephritis and compares their pathogenesis, clinical presentation, immunoserological profiles, histology, and available therapies.},
}

Humans
*Glomerulonephritis/immunology/pathology/diagnosis/therapy
*Antigen-Antibody Complex/immunology
Lupus Nephritis/immunology/pathology/diagnosis/therapy
Kidney Glomerulus/pathology/immunology
Complement C3/immunology
*Immune Complex Diseases/immunology/pathology/diagnosis/therapy
Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative/immunology/pathology
Complement Pathway, Alternative/immunology
*Complement System Proteins/immunology
Biopsy
Cryoglobulinemia/immunology/pathology

@article {pmid42013593,
year = {2026},
author = {Sarnaik, AY and Khan, ZU and Rajeswaran, T and Majoe, A and Zeng, J and Ponrajah, L and Kastura, Z and Iftikhar, L and Islam, MA and Basharat, N and Hassan, M and Kaur, J and Torres, DL and Bhattacharyya, DS and AlShurman, BA and Namiha, N and Butt, ZA},
title = {The role of misinformation in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in low- & middle-income countries.},
journal = {Vaccine},
volume = {82},
number = {},
pages = {128595},
doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128595},
pmid = {42013593},
issn = {1873-2518},
mesh = {*Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology ; Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; Developing Countries ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage ; *Communication ; Social Media ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination/psychology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, timely vaccination was crucial in acquiring herd immunity. While high-income countries typically had better access to vaccines, interventions were implemented to improve accessibility for low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Vaccine uptake presented major barriers to achieving herd immunity globally and was more significant in LMICs. Vaccine hesitancy was amplified by misinformation, including but not limited to social media misinformation. This scoping review aims to: (1) explore the role of misinformation in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in LMICs and (2) identify primary sources, key themes, and dissemination channels of this misinformation, encompassing all relevant sources but with an emphasis on social media, given the infodemic context which proved to be particularly significant during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: This scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O'Malley framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Five databases (Scopus, Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO) were searched using predefined search terms. All identified articles underwent a rigorous screening process, and if eligible, proceeded to data extraction.

RESULTS: In total, 119 studies were included in this review. Primary dissemination platforms included Facebook, WhatsApp, X, YouTube, Instagram, TikTok, Telegram, Pinterest, LinkedIn, and Zalo. Key themes of misinformation identified included (1) malicious intent, (2) fear of side effects, (3) concerns about vaccine development and safety, (4) religious and cultural beliefs, and (5) natural immunity.

CONCLUSION: Overall, this scoping review addresses the literature gap in the role of misinformation pertaining to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and suggests investing in misinformation-mitigation interventions to reduce public harms and disruptions.},
}

*Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology
Humans
*COVID-19/prevention & control
Developing Countries
*COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
*Communication
Social Media
Pandemics/prevention & control
SARS-CoV-2
Vaccination/psychology

@article {pmid42013745,
year = {2026},
author = {Previti, S and Calcaterra, E and González, FV and Di Chio, C and Calabrò, ML and Ettari, R and Zappalà, M},
title = {Macrocycles and stapled-peptides in the fight against SARS-CoV-2: a review.},
journal = {European journal of medicinal chemistry},
volume = {312},
number = {},
pages = {118828},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejmech.2026.118828},
pmid = {42013745},
issn = {1768-3254},
mesh = {*Antiviral Agents/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; *Macrocyclic Compounds/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Peptides/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; COVID-19/virology ; Animals ; },
abstract = {The development of innovative therapeutic strategies for challenging biological targets has led to a resurgence of interest in macrocyclic and peptide-stapled compounds. The conformationally constrained architectures of these compounds enable high affinity, selectivity, and improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared with linear analogues. These properties position macrocycles and stapled-peptides as promising platforms for the development of next-generation therapeutics, including antiviral agents addressing emerging diseases such as COVID-19. In six years, the scientific community has provided several structure-activity relationship studies in which the anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects of macrocycles and stapled-peptides have been reported. The present review aims to discuss macrocycles and stapled-peptides with inhibitory properties against SARS-CoV-2 infection. A particular focus has been addressed to the design of cyclic entities, effect of ring size, presence of unnatural amino acids, stapling position, stereochemistry, role of linkers, pan-antiviral effects, metabolic stability assessment, and selectivity profile, among others. Comparisons with linear counterparts were discussed, wherever applicable, to elucidate the differences in terms of biological properties towards the target, antiviral effects in cell-based assays, molecular architecture, and proteolytic resistance. Overall, the development of macrocycles and stapled-peptides against SARS-CoV-2 was found to be a productive strategy for the identification of novel and effective antiviral agents. Furthermore, future challenges and perspectives have been discussed.},
}

*Antiviral Agents/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use
Humans
*SARS-CoV-2/drug effects
*Macrocyclic Compounds/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use
*Peptides/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use
Structure-Activity Relationship
*COVID-19 Drug Treatment
COVID-19/virology
Animals

@article {pmid42015364,
year = {2026},
author = {Page, R and Carter, G},
title = {Unsteady Foundations: The Effects of Environmental Instability on Nurses and Implications for Nursing Management-An Integrative Review.},
journal = {Journal of nursing management},
volume = {2026},
number = {1},
pages = {e9920089},
pmid = {42015364},
issn = {1365-2834},
mesh = {Humans ; Working Conditions ; *Workplace/psychology/standards ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Nurses/psychology ; Personnel Turnover ; Leadership ; Organizational Culture ; },
abstract = {AIM: To determine the state of the science of how instability in the nursing practice environment affects nurses.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic, workforce shortages, and an aging population have highlighted the critical need to build and maintain stable nursing practice environments. Factors such as staffing inconsistencies, fluctuating workloads, and workplace violence create instability. While research has explored nursing practice environments broadly, limited research has been conducted on how instability affects nurses.

METHODS: An integrative review was conducted using CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PubMed, with search terms related to instability and fluctuations in the nursing practice environment. Articles from 2014 to 2026 were included if they addressed instability in the nursing practice environment and its impact on nurses in hospital settings. Fifteen studies were included in this integrative review.

FINDINGS: Instability in the nursing practice environment has many sources. Organizational support plays a significant role in determining the magnitude and management of environmental instability. Adverse nurse outcomes from instability in the nursing practice environment include decreased well-being, increased turnover, and workplace violence.

Effective leadership and management are necessary to create and maintain positive nursing practice environments, manage environmental instability, and improve nurse well-being and retention. Targeted strategies such as collaborating with policymakers, strengthening the nursing workforce pipeline, and supporting nurses in their practice environments can mitigate environmental instability and its adverse effects on nurses.

CONCLUSIONS: Instability is a common feature of nursing practice environments. Excessive instability can cause adverse nurse outcomes. Nurse leaders are optimally situated to mitigate environmental instability and provide leadership support to improve nurse outcomes.},
}

Humans
Working Conditions
*Workplace/psychology/standards
COVID-19/epidemiology
*Nurses/psychology
Personnel Turnover
Leadership
Organizational Culture

@article {pmid42015917,
year = {2026},
author = {Okechukwu Paul-Chima, U and Michael Ben, O and Fabian C, O and Jovita Nnenna, U and Chinyere N, U},
title = {Self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA) vaccines: Progress, evidence gaps, and translational pathways for durable and scalable immunization.},
journal = {Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {2661120},
pmid = {42015917},
issn = {2164-554X},
mesh = {Humans ; *RNA, Circular/immunology/genetics ; Animals ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration & dosage/genetics ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology/genetics ; *RNA/immunology ; },
abstract = {Self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA) are emerging vaccine modalities that extend conventional, non-replicating mRNA platforms. Self-amplifying RNA encodes a replicase that amplifies intracellular RNA templates, enabling high antigen expression at substantially lower doses than non-replicating mRNA. Circular RNA has a covalently closed topology that confers resistance to exonucleases and supports sustained translation through cap-independent initiation. The evidence base remains asymmetric: saRNA has progressed through multiple human studies, including phase 3 evaluations of COVID-19 vaccines, and has received regulatory authorization in several jurisdictions, whereas circRNA vaccines remain largely preclinical, with limited publicly available human data. This review integrates clinical, animal, and mechanistic evidence, proposes a '3D' framework (durability, dose-sparing, and deployability) and identifies key barriers to robust cross-platform comparison, encompassing delivery systems, innate immune sensing, and chemistry, manufacturing and controls (CMC).},
}

Humans
*RNA, Circular/immunology/genetics
Animals
*COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration & dosage/genetics
*COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology
SARS-CoV-2/immunology/genetics
*RNA/immunology

@article {pmid42017651,
year = {2026},
author = {Bing, J and Li, S and Ji, L and Du, H and Shamoon, NM and Nobile, CJ and Huang, G},
title = {Global emergence and rapid spread of Candidozyma auris (syn. Candida auris): epidemiology, biology, and antifungal resistance.},
journal = {Clinical microbiology reviews},
volume = {39},
number = {2},
pages = {e0039425},
pmid = {42017651},
issn = {1098-6618},
support = {2025YFE0205500//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 32530005 and 82272359//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32570226//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 82172290//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 23JC1404200//Science and Technology Innovation Plan Of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission/ ; R35GM156045/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; //The Kamangar family/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Antifungal Agents/pharmacology ; *Drug Resistance, Fungal ; *Candida auris/drug effects/pathogenicity/genetics ; Global Health ; *Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology/microbiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Candidiasis/epidemiology/microbiology/transmission ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Fungal ; },
abstract = {SUMMARYThe emerging fungal pathogen Candidozyma auris (syn. Candida auris; C. auris) has attracted considerable attention from the scientific, clinical, and public health communities due to its multidrug resistance, environmental persistence, and high transmissibility. Since its first description in Japan in 2009, C. auris has spread rapidly worldwide, with a marked acceleration following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. As of December 2025, 84,941 colonization or infection cases have been reported across 82 countries spanning 6 continents. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the biology and global epidemiology of C. auris. We first examine its taxonomy, proposed origins, and key biological, genetic, and phenotypic characteristics, with particular emphasis on factors underlying environmental persistence, transmission dynamics, antifungal resistance, and virulence. Drawing on published literature and publicly available surveillance data from national public health authorities worldwide, we provide an updated overview of the global epidemiological landscape and evolving transmission patterns of C. auris. Finally, we discuss potential strategies to mitigate the continued and escalating global spread of this emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen.},
}

Humans
*Antifungal Agents/pharmacology
*Drug Resistance, Fungal
*Candida auris/drug effects/pathogenicity/genetics
Global Health
*Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology/microbiology
COVID-19/epidemiology
*Candidiasis/epidemiology/microbiology/transmission
Drug Resistance, Multiple, Fungal

@article {pmid42018659,
year = {2026},
author = {Wu, CJ and Caligaris-Cappio, F and Chiorazzi, N and Gribben, JG and Hallek, M and Wierda, WG and Kipps, TJ},
title = {Unfinished business in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: translational and clinical priorities for a cure.},
journal = {Blood},
volume = {148},
number = {2},
pages = {175-186},
pmid = {42018659},
issn = {1528-0020},
mesh = {Humans ; *Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy/immunology/genetics ; Translational Research, Biomedical ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Remarkable progress in the understanding of disease pathogenesis and treatment across hematologic malignancies has been achieved in the past 2 decades. Nevertheless, the reliable elimination of disease remains elusive for many cancers. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) exemplifies the needs that must be addressed to close the gap between discovery science and the remaining clinical challenges. In CLL, targeted therapies have substantially prolonged survival and enabled long-term disease control for many patients. However, curative outcomes remain exceptional, particularly in high-risk groups such as those with TP53 disruption, dual resistance to Bruton tyrosine kinase and B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitors, or transformation to aggressive lymphoma. Recent insights into the interconnection between cancer and immunity have positioned CLL as a model example of cancer-associated immunodeficiency, a realization brought into sharp focus by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic during which patients with CLL were at extremely high-risk for infection and poor outcomes. Therefore, complications related to infections, autoimmunity, and secondary cancers continue to contribute substantially to morbidity and mortality, underscoring the need for research on immune dysfunction in CLL. Furthermore, pronounced heterogeneity in disease progression and therapeutic resistance highlight the need for mechanistic studies to clarify these distinct biological patterns. Advances in these areas not only hold the promise of curative therapy for broader patient subgroups in CLL but will also inform innovation in research on other cancers, particularly in establishing a molecular definition of disease and defining those interactions with the underlying and resultant immune deficiencies.},
}

Humans
*Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy/immunology/genetics
Translational Research, Biomedical
COVID-19/epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid42018766,
year = {2026},
author = {Straus, W},
title = {From discovery through emergency use to the present: Safety evaluation of the COVID-19 mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccine.},
journal = {Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {2653369},
pmid = {42018766},
issn = {2164-554X},
mesh = {Humans ; 2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273/adverse effects ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; Emergency Use Authorization ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems ; Vaccine Development ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic created an urgent need to develop preventive vaccines to blunt the impact of the greatest global health crisis in a century. Two vaccines, both employing mRNA technology, were developed from bench to bedside in under one year - a milestone considered nearly impossible. This paper examines the evolving safety profile of mRNA-1273, from development under Operation Warp Speed through Emergency Use Authorization, and subsequent deployment at nearly unprecedented scale. Vaccine safety was characterized during clinical development and refined through well-established safety monitoring systems (e.g. Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System [VAERS]), as well as newly introduced systems such as V-Safe. Key safety findings, such as myocarditis, are reviewed as well as safety findings in special populations. The complementary contributions of public, private, and academic sectors highlight how collaboration and rigorous monitoring supported timely and comprehensive safety assessment of a new vaccine in the extraordinary setting of a global pandemic.},
}

Humans
2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273/adverse effects
*COVID-19/prevention & control
Emergency Use Authorization
*COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems
Vaccine Development

@article {pmid42018905,
year = {2026},
author = {Silva, JAD and Barbosa, MEJDP and Sena, MM and Sousa, VMF and Vieira, NFC},
title = {[Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health behaviors of adolescent and young parents: integrative review].},
journal = {Ciencia & saude coletiva},
volume = {31},
number = {3},
pages = {e12012024},
doi = {10.1590/1413-81232026313.12012024},
pmid = {42018905},
issn = {1678-4561},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; Adolescent ; *Health Behavior ; *Parents/psychology ; Mental Health ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Health Services Accessibility ; Risk-Taking ; },
abstract = {The study aims to identify the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health behaviors of adolescent and young parents, highlighting parenthood and their impacts on the health and well-being. This is an integrative literature review, carried out by searching for scientific publications indexed in the following databases: Virtual Health Library (BVS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MedLine/PubMed), Scopus and Web of Science (WOS). As a result, after reading 137 titles and abstracts and 69 full articles, 7 articles were selected for the final sample. The results of the included articles were grouped into two analytical categories: cross-cutting themes, which contemplate the implications resulting from COVID-19, such as impacts on mental and emotional health, socioeconomic aspects and access to health and education services. The second category was composed of specific themes addressed individually in each study, such as immunization, maternal and child health and food insecurity. From the analysis, a significant increase in risk behaviors and vulnerabilities suffered by young parents and adolescents was identified, with future implications for health and well-being, in addition to economic, emotional and social challenges.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology
Adolescent
*Health Behavior
*Parents/psychology
Mental Health
Socioeconomic Factors
Health Services Accessibility
Risk-Taking

@article {pmid42018907,
year = {2026},
author = {Mangas, GM and Rodriguez, JGV and Santos, JARBD and Souza, FNB and Silva, LFLD and Azevedo Junior, GL and Chivaca, A and Jessen, NPJ and Oliveira, Â and Mesquita, ET},
title = {Fundamentals of Acute Pericarditis: State of the Art.},
journal = {Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia},
volume = {123},
number = {2},
pages = {e20240572},
pmid = {42018907},
issn = {1678-4170},
mesh = {Humans ; *Pericarditis/etiology/diagnosis/therapy/physiopathology ; Acute Disease ; COVID-19/complications ; },
abstract = {Acute pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium, the lining that surrounds the heart. It is the most common inflammatory heart condition. The disease frequently affects young adults and can manifest with varying severity. Pericarditis can have diverse causes, including viral infections, autoimmune diseases, post-infarction conditions, and, more recently, SARS-CoV-2 infections or COVID-19 vaccines. In developing countries, especially in Africa, tuberculosis is the leading cause of pericarditis, often associated with HIV. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria, such as chest pain and electrocardiographic changes, and it can be supported by imaging studies such as echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography. Identification of etiology is crucial to personalized treatment, although the specific cause is often unidentified. New research has highlighted the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathophysiology of pericarditis, which may pave the way for new therapies. Furthermore, technological advancements and artificial intelligence are discussed as promising tools to improve the management of pericarditis.},
}

Humans
*Pericarditis/etiology/diagnosis/therapy/physiopathology
Acute Disease
COVID-19/complications

@article {pmid42019647,
year = {2026},
author = {Nieuwland, JM and Scaramuzza, A and Bugiani, M and van de Berg, WDJ and Middeldorp, J},
title = {Human brain matters: Navigating the neuropathology of COVID-19.},
journal = {Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e70101},
doi = {10.1111/bpa.70101},
pmid = {42019647},
issn = {1750-3639},
support = {//European research project NEUROCOV, funded by Horizon Europe (EU)/ ; },
abstract = {Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused millions of deaths worldwide. Although the incidence of severe acute cases has declined, the prevalence of long COVID, also known as post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), is rising. The pathological mechanisms underlying severe COVID-19, along with the relationship to neurological disorders and potential risk for neurodegeneration, remain poorly understood. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize neuropathological features described in postmortem human COVID-19 brains (n = 352). Furthermore, analysis of biofluids and neuroimaging from PASC patients underline long-term changes in the proteome and CNS response following the infection. Postmortem brain studies from severe COVID-19 patients highlight disruption of the fluid-brain barriers and vascular dysregulation defined by endothelial inflammation and disruption, hemorrhages, and hypoxic-ischemic damage. Neuroinflammation, including astrogliosis, microglia nodules and infiltration of adaptive immune cells, has been reported in the olfactory bulb, medulla oblongata, midbrain and cerebellum. Neuronal damage was demonstrated in the hippocampus, midbrain and cerebellum in severe COVID-19 and protein aggregation was observed in the midbrain and entorhinal cortex. Neuropathological burden and elevated blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-6) and neuro-axonal proteins (e.g. NfL) correlated with severity of anosmia, memory deficits, and cerebellar ataxia. Elderly patients and/or patients with underlying neurological diseases were more susceptible and had worsened symptoms. Potential disease mechanisms underlying neurological symptoms observed in severe COVID-19 are vascular and fluid-brain barrier abnormalities, chronic neuroinflammation, persistent axonal damage and protein aggregation. In PASC patients, an altered biofluid proteome with increased neuronal proteins and pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed. The pathological burden in affected brain regions may contribute to manifestations such as anosmia, memory deficits, and cerebellar ataxia.},
}

@article {pmid42021240,
year = {2026},
author = {Moufawad, M and DeLapp, S and Rhodes, ST and Rose, KL and Domoff, SE and Kells, M and Hunger, JM and Wallace, L and Brewer, S and Coleman, A and Rakowski, A and Aguilar, N and Hahn, SL},
title = {A systematic review of social media use among rural US adolescents and associated health outcomes.},
journal = {BMC public health},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42021240},
issn = {1471-2458},
mesh = {Humans ; *Social Media/statistics & numerical data ; Adolescent ; *Rural Population/statistics & numerical data ; United States/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Adolescent Behavior/psychology ; Media Exposure ; Digital Media ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Understanding social media use among rural adolescents is important because they are a geographically and socially isolated population which may impact how they use social media and affect the impacts of use. The goal of this study was to systematically review and evaluate the literature on rural US adolescent social media use. Specifically, what is known about their social media use, amount and type of use, and the associations between social media use and health outcomes. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted on seven databases: PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, PsycINFO (ProQuest), Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they sampled rural US populations, sampled adolescents (ages 10–19), and had at least one of the following as an outcome: how much adolescents use social media, how adolescents are using social media including content, and/or whether social media use was associated with a health outcome. RESULTS: A total of 34 articles matched the inclusion criteria and were included in analysis (N = 22,315). Results suggest that rural US adolescents use social media to the same extent as non-rural adolescents. Rural adolescents with marginalized identities rely on social media to form connections with those with shared identities outside of their geographic area. Social media also fostered an environment for harmful connections, as numerous studies reported cyberbullying. In respect to mental health, using social media was found to be an avenue for coping with anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, increased time spent on social media did not reduce existing feelings of nervousness, anxiety, depression, or stress in the pandemic. Interventional studies indicated that social media was successfully used as a tool to disseminate health information and provide support to marginalized groups amongst the already hard-to-reach population of rural adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review highlights the lack of research dedicated to social media use amongst rural US adolescents, despite high prevalence of use. More research on the specific popularity of platforms and content consumed is needed to understand the nuanced effects of social media and to further investigate social media usage as a potential intervention target for this geographically and socially isolated population.},
}

Humans
*Social Media/statistics & numerical data
Adolescent
*Rural Population/statistics & numerical data
United States/epidemiology
COVID-19/epidemiology
*Adolescent Behavior/psychology
Media Exposure
Digital Media

@article {pmid42021332,
year = {2026},
author = {Halder, P and Debnath, A and Achary, T and Mondal, A and Dhandapani, G and Mandal, I and Saha, S and Nongkynrih, B and Thakur, JS},
title = {Systematic review and meta-analysis on depression burden among Type 2 diabetes patients in India.},
journal = {Diabetology & metabolic syndrome},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42021332},
issn = {1758-5996},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Depression and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are closely linked health challenges in India, which currently has more than 101 million people living with diabetes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of depression among Indian T2DM patients, highlight regional differences, and identify associated risk factors. METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, a thorough search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published until February 3, 2025. Random-effects models were applied to calculate pooled prevalence, while subgroup analyses assessed variations by geographic region, diagnostic tool, and study setting. Heterogeneity was quantified using I[2] statistics. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger’s regression, with trim-and-fill analysis performed when bias was detected. Meta-regression examined the impact of covariates such as sample size, mean age, diabetes duration, hypertension, and urban residence. RESULTS: A total of 59 studies with 24,073 participants were included. The pooled prevalence of depression among T2DM patients was 38% (95% CI: 33–42%), derived using a random-effects model to account for the substantial heterogeneity observed across studies (I[2] = 98.28%). This estimate reflects a statistical synthesis across studies with widely varying diagnostic tools, cutoff thresholds, and clinical settings, and should be interpreted as an approximation of the burden rather than a precise national prevalence figure. Mild, moderate, and severe depression accounted for 24%, 14%, and 14% of cases respectively. Regional variation was observed, with Western India showing the highest prevalence (48%) and multicenter studies the lowest (27%). Prevalence differed by diagnostic tool: CIDI-SF (20%), PHQ-9 (34%), and BDI (72% with lenient cutoffs). Hospital-based studies reported higher prevalence (42%) compared to community-based ones (28%). Females had a greater burden (39%) than males (31%). No significant differences were found between pre- and post-COVID-19 studies. Sensitivity analyses confirmed robustness of estimates. Meta-regression identified diabetes duration as a significant predictor (p = 0.026). CONCLUSION: Nearly two in five Indian T2DM patients experience depression, emphasizing the urgent need for standardized screening and integration of mental health care into India’s National Program for Non-Communicable Diseases.},
}

@article {pmid42021395,
year = {2026},
author = {Chen, Y and Zheng, J and Wang, H and Wu, Z},
title = {Advance in the Kawasaki disease related coronary artery aneurysms: knowledge mapping, trends, and research frontiers.},
journal = {Journal of cardiothoracic surgery},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42021395},
issn = {1749-8090},
mesh = {*Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/complications ; Humans ; *Coronary Aneurysm/etiology ; Bibliometrics ; *Biomedical Research/trends ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Kawasaki disease (KD) is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children. In untreated cases, coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs) may develop in up to 25% of patients. As the most significant long-term sequelae of KD, Kawasaki disease-related coronary artery aneurysms (KD-CAAs) contribute substantially to long-term cardiac morbidity and mortality. To date, few bibliometric study has specifically focused on this area.

METHODS: We conducted a search in the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) for papers related to KD-CAAs published between 2005 and 2024, and performed visual analysis using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and the "biblioshiny" web interface from the "bibliometrix" package in R. A total of 1018 publications were retrieved, which collectively received 25,068 citations, averaging 24.62 citations per paper.

RESULTS: A steady increase was shown in the cumulative number of publications. The highest productivity was observed in the United States of America (USA), followed by Japan, China, and Canada. The University of California system was identified as the most productive institution, and Pediatric Cardiology was recognized as the journal with the most publications. Burns Jane C, Tremoulet Adriana H, and McCrindle Brian W were found to be the most prolific authors, while Newburger Jane W was identified as the most co-cited author. It was revealed by keyword cluster analysis that KD-CAAs research was organized into ten distinct clusters, and three major research hotspots were highlighted: molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance pathways, long-term vascular sequelae and management, and the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A shift in research focus from fundamental disease mechanisms toward long-term patient follow-up and multidisciplinary clinical collaboration was indicated by keyword burst detection, and this shift was reflected in terms such as "long-term management" and "health professionals".

CONCLUSIONS: Research on KD-CAAs requires further breakthroughs in molecular mechanisms and enhanced interdisciplinary integration. The resulting visualizations offer an efficient framework for identifying emerging trends and critical advances in KD-CAAs research.},
}

*Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/complications
Humans
*Coronary Aneurysm/etiology
Bibliometrics
*Biomedical Research/trends

@article {pmid42022217,
year = {2026},
author = {Carissa Aurelia, L and Selva, KJ and Chung, AW},
title = {Building better antibody responses: The interplay of infection, vaccination, and immune imprinting.},
journal = {PNAS nexus},
volume = {5},
number = {4},
pages = {pgag110},
pmid = {42022217},
issn = {2752-6542},
abstract = {Antibodies are critical for protection against a range of viral respiratory diseases, including SARS-CoV-2, but the induction of durable and potent antibody responses continues to be a challenge. Beyond neutralization, there is growing appreciation for the potential protective role of Fc-mediated functions, especially against immune-evasive variants. Induction of polyfunctional antibody responses is a complex multifactorial process that is shaped by interactions between various antibody features, viral properties, and host factors. Here, we review lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic regarding how prior infection and different vaccination strategies can modulate plasma and mucosal antibody profiles, including isotypes, immunoglobulin G subclasses, Fc glycosylation, and consequently, antibody functions. Additionally, we discuss the challenges of immune imprinting and its effects upon antibody responses to viral variants. This review provides insights into optimizing antibody-based strategies for COVID-19 prevention and treatment, emphasizing the need for further research to understand the mechanisms behind effective antibody responses and their impact upon clinical outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid42022434,
year = {2026},
author = {Julius, N and John, M and Emmanuel, N},
title = {Public Health Achievements in Rwanda: A 21st Century Transformation.},
journal = {Public health challenges},
volume = {5},
number = {2},
pages = {e70225},
pmid = {42022434},
issn = {2769-2450},
abstract = {This narrative review documents how Rwanda has transformed in public health extraordinarily post the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi, placing it as an exemplary model for health care systems resilience in low-income countries. The review is based on the World Health Organization building blocks to look at the strategic changes that have led to measurable gains in the health of Rwandan people. Good centralized leadership and control have been key to this accomplishment. This made it possible to decentralize service delivery, build excellent health information systems, and invest money in the health workforce. A key part of the transformation is universal health coverage (UHC), especially mutuelle de santé, which increased coverage from 27% in 2004 to more than 85%, hence cutting down out of pocket costs, which improved equity. Integration and use of community health workers (CHWs) have been instrumental in expansion of primary care to the population mostly in rural settings, improving maternal and child life, tuberculosis (TB) treatment through direct observed therapy (DOT), and disease surveillance. These coordinated actions have resulted in substantial reductions in mortality from infectious diseases (HIV/AIDS, TB, and malaria), maternal and child health indicators, and the gradual integration of services for noncommunicable diseases and mental health. Rwanda's health system was stress tested and proved its effectiveness in the COVID-19 and Marburg outbreaks, proving exceptional planning and rapid response capacities. Despite Rwanda's achievement, obstacles still persist, such as reliance on foreign funds, limited human resources lowering the quality-of-service delivery, and mental health challenges still in existence. Rwanda's experience illustrates that a proactive government, citizen participation, and research-based innovation may produce rapid and significant overall health gains, providing a valuable model for similar situations to other countries.},
}

@article {pmid42024317,
year = {2026},
author = {Brunner, M and Preckel, F and Götz, T and Lüdtke, O and Keller, L},
title = {High math anxiety is associated with lower math achievement across 90 countries: An individual participant data meta-analysis of representative student and adult samples.},
journal = {Psychological bulletin},
volume = {152},
number = {2},
pages = {207-253},
doi = {10.1037/bul0000514},
pmid = {42024317},
issn = {1939-1455},
support = {//German Research Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Mathematics ; *Anxiety/psychology/epidemiology ; Adult ; Female ; *Academic Success ; *Students/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; Male ; *COVID-19 ; },
abstract = {Math anxiety and math achievement are reciprocally related, which likely impacts individuals' agency; their educational and career trajectories in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields; and countries' economic growth in these areas. Previous meta-analyses on this relationship have faced limitations from studies by using small convenience samples and have encountered methodological issues, such as variance restriction, low statistical power, and ecological bias. To address these challenges, the present research synthesis is the first to use a comprehensive collection of representative individual participant data from international large-scale assessments. This analysis incorporated cumulative evidence from 1980 to 2022, including 452 probability samples from 90 countries, and covered student and adult populations. The meta-analytic average correlation between math anxiety and math achievement was r = -.26. Moderator analyses revealed novel evidence that this relationship is sensitive to both construct characteristics and individual and contextual factors. Specifically, the negative relationship was weaker for the worry facet of math anxiety compared to its affective and cognitive interference facets, and it was weaker following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Additionally, the negative relationship was stronger for individuals with average and high levels of math achievement and in countries with higher gross domestic product per capita. Gender differences in the relationship were largely negligible after 2010, although female individuals exhibited a stronger negative relationship in the 1980s and 1990s than male individuals. In summary, synthesizing individual participant data from international large-scale assessments provided novel, nuanced, and robust evidence for research, practice, and policy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).},
}

Humans
*Mathematics
*Anxiety/psychology/epidemiology
Adult
Female
*Academic Success
*Students/psychology/statistics & numerical data
Male
*COVID-19

@article {pmid42024896,
year = {2026},
author = {Raina, SK},
title = {Methodological considerations regarding comparison group verification in maternal COVID-19 research.},
journal = {The Indian journal of medical research},
volume = {163},
number = {3},
pages = {420},
pmid = {42024896},
issn = {0971-5916},
}

@article {pmid42025371,
year = {2026},
author = {Imai, Y},
title = {Viral infection and establishing new therapeutic platforms- On the occasion of receiving the 16th Setsuro Ebashi award.},
journal = {Journal of pharmacological sciences},
volume = {161},
number = {2},
pages = {25-27},
doi = {10.1016/j.jphs.2026.03.002},
pmid = {42025371},
issn = {1347-8648},
mesh = {Humans ; *Awards and Prizes ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; Animals ; Immunity, Innate ; Influenza, Human/immunology ; },
abstract = {During the past quarter century, a series of global pandemics-caused by coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A (H1N1, H5N1)-has underscored that viral infection is not merely a transient invasion but a systemic and temporal perturbation of the host life system. My research has sought to elucidate the principles by which the host organism senses, integrates, and regulates responses to viral stress, spanning molecular to organismal levels. Key discoveries include the identification of ACE2 as the functional receptor for SARS-CoV and a critical regulator of disease severity; elucidation of innate-immune overactivation ("cytokine storm") as a driver of fatal pathology; identification of lipid-mediated RNA regulation that restrains excessive inflammation; and discovery of neuro-immune and epigenetic mechanisms linking acute infection to long-term dysfunction. These findings reveal infection as a multi-layered biological reprogramming process involving immunity, metabolism, the nervous system, and chromatin architecture. Building on this mechanistic foundation, we established data-driven infrastructures-AI-assisted predictive models and Medical MLOps systems-that integrate clinical and molecular data for personalized infection medicine. This perspective summarizes the evolution of this integrative research and discusses future directions toward precision therapeutics for acute and post-infectious syndromes.},
}

Humans
*Awards and Prizes
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
Pandemics
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
Animals
Immunity, Innate
Influenza, Human/immunology

@article {pmid42025580,
year = {2026},
author = {Shukla, SK and Singh, A and Yadav, R and Kumar, A},
title = {Advances in molecular diagnostic strategies during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.},
journal = {Expert review of molecular diagnostics},
volume = {26},
number = {4},
pages = {293-308},
doi = {10.1080/14737159.2026.2665263},
pmid = {42025580},
issn = {1744-8352},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/epidemiology/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics/isolation & purification ; *Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods ; Pandemics ; COVID-19 Testing/methods ; COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing/methods ; Rapid Diagnostic Tests ; Pandemic Preparedness ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic provided critical insights into pandemic preparedness. The community spread can be slowed down or contained through effective, rapid, and robust diagnosis of infected individuals.

AREA COVERED: During the pandemic, substantial advances were made in developing rapid and cost-effective diagnostic approaches. Self-collected gargle samples offer clear advantages over conventional NSP/OPS methods by reducing reliance on trained personnel and personal protective equipment. Colorimetric assays further improve accessibility, enabling rapid, instrument-free, and visually interpretable detection at low cost. CRISPR-based diagnostics present a promising alternative to RT-PCR, facilitating scalable mass screening with reduced technical dependence. Concurrently, optimization of RT-PCR workflows-particularly through minimization of pre-PCR steps-can enhance speed and affordability. The integration of digital technologies and artificial intelligence further leverages diagnostic capabilities. Despite this, improved regulatory frameworks and resilient supply chains are critical for ensuring scalable, equitable access, and effective pandemic preparedness.

EXPERT OPINION: Global efforts were made to develop sensitive, rapid, cost-effective, and noninvasive technologies to identify the pandemic virus; however, variations in sensitivity/specificity and limited sample size validation hampered their utility in routine diagnostics. The COVID-19 pandemic has ended, but global efforts are still needed to combat the early infection of subsequent waves or similar disease waves.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/diagnosis/epidemiology/virology
*SARS-CoV-2/genetics/isolation & purification
*Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods
Pandemics
COVID-19 Testing/methods
COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing/methods
Rapid Diagnostic Tests
Pandemic Preparedness
CRISPR-Cas Systems

@article {pmid42027925,
year = {2026},
author = {Mullen, L and Kobokovich Mui, A and Watson, C and Heymann, D and McCloskey, B and Hughes, G and Bonell, C},
title = {Effectiveness of public health measures and strategies to reduce risk of spread of respiratory pathogens at sporting mass gatherings: systematic literature review.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1789413},
pmid = {42027925},
issn = {2296-2565},
mesh = {Humans ; *Sports ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control ; *Public Health ; *Mass Gatherings ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To determine the type and effectiveness of public health interventions implemented at sporting mass gatherings to mitigate respiratory infectious disease spread and understand how feasible and acceptable the interventions were to implement.

DESIGN: Systematic review.

DATA SOURCES: Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Global Health, Epistemonikos, Global Index Medicus, WHO Library, WHO IRIS, IOC and FIFA were search in June 2023 and July 2025.

Studies that assessed public health strategies for sporting mass gatherings aiming to reduced respiratory infections were included. Publications prior to 2000, predictive modeling studies, commentaries, editorials, literature reviews, pre-prints and studies that did not retrospectively discuss official sporting events were excluded.

RESULTS: Thirty-four articles assessing 37 sporting MGs were included. The most common MGs assessed were the Olympic Games (n = 10). Almost all articles described multi-layered intervention packages including bubble approaches, routine testing, country entry screening, masking, physical distancing and/or isolation and quarantine. Based on an effectiveness framework developed for this study, 23 articles described effective intervention packages, three described non-effective packages and six were indeterminate. Feasibility concerns appeared a challenge for MGs with many spectators and linked to scalability issues. Acceptability factors were likely influenced by perceptions of increased work burden, compliance levels and stakeholder engagement.

CONCLUSION: This systematic review provides the first opportunity to comprehensively map pre-pandemic and pandemic-era planning for sporting MGs and underscores the importance of multilayered, context-specific intervention packages which may meaningfully reduce the risk of respiratory disease spread.

CRD42023433619.},
}

Humans
*Sports
*Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control
*Public Health
*Mass Gatherings
*COVID-19/prevention & control

@article {pmid42027972,
year = {2025},
author = {Amiri-Dashatan, N and Koushki, M and Parsamanesh, N and Ahmadi, N and Chiti, H and Rezaei, M and Razzaghi, Z and Robati, RM},
title = {COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Metabolomics Data and Predicting Potential Biomarkers Based on Pathway Analysis.},
journal = {Tanaffos},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {9-29},
pmid = {42027972},
issn = {1735-0344},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic is a worldwide disaster in medicine, public health, and the economy. Many details of COVID-19 are currently unknown. This study aims to offer dysregulated metabolic profiles as potential biomarkers for SARS-CoV-2 infection by analyzing identified COVID-19 metabolites. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Scopus for metabolomics studies on COVID-19 patients. Studies investigating COVID-19 metabolite changes and utilizing mass spectrometry-based techniques are included. Two reviewers separately retrieved pertinent data for each selected publication. Differences of opinion among the reviewers were settled via conversation, and a final judgment was obtained. The online MetaboAnalyst 3.0 was used to conduct the pathway analysis of COVID-19. This study comprised 31 investigations with QUADOMICS quality evaluation. We isolated modified metabolites that have been found in at least three other investigations. The metabolomics data in response to SARS-CoV-2 alter at the metabolite expression level, leading to dysregulation of major metabolic pathways, including carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids associated with COVID-19. The pathway analysis of metabolic reprogramming across different biological samples demonstrated a significant role in amino acid metabolism, including phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan production, in the severity of COVID-19. This review showed dysregulated metabolic profiling for identifying individuals with high severity of COVID-19. These results provide an understanding of metabolic pathways and how dysregulated metabolic profiling reflects the severity of COVID-19 in the general population. The high frequency of changed metabolites might be used as COVID-19 biomarkers for early detection, and significant metabolic routes could reveal new information about pathogenesis and lead to potential treatment targets.},
}

@article {pmid42028925,
year = {2026},
author = {Silva, LI and Gonzalez-Zambrano, CM and Ferreira, VCMP and Corrêa, FC and Dias-Melicio, LA},
title = {MicroRNAs in Acute COVID-19 and Long COVID: Dysregulation, Pathogenic Roles, and Clinical Implications.},
journal = {Journal of immunology research},
volume = {2026},
number = {1},
pages = {e5862241},
pmid = {42028925},
issn = {2314-7156},
support = {001//Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/genetics/immunology ; *MicroRNAs/genetics/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Biomarkers ; Extracellular Vesicles ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Inflammation/genetics ; Pandemics ; *Betacoronavirus ; },
abstract = {MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression with central roles in immune responses, inflammation, and viral pathogenesis. Increasing evidence indicates that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection induces marked dysregulation of host and viral miRNAs (v-miRNAs), contributing to disease severity during acute COVID-19 and to the persistent manifestations observed in long COVID (LC). This narrative review critically synthesizes current evidence on miRNA dysregulation across the acute and post-acute phases of COVID-19, highlighting their pathogenic roles, clinical relevance, and existing knowledge gaps. During acute infection, altered miRNA profiles-including those associated with immune activation, endothelial dysfunction, and immunothrombosis-reflect both host responses and viral strategies of immune modulation, including miRNAs carried by extracellular vesicles (EVs) and SARS-CoV-2-derived v-miRNAs. In LC, emerging data suggest that persistent miRNA alterations are associated with unresolved inflammation, pulmonary dysfunction, neurological symptoms, and vascular injury, although available studies remain limited and heterogeneous. Overall, miRNAs represent promising biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in COVID-19; however, robust longitudinal and mechanistic studies are urgently needed to clarify their causal roles and translational utility in post-acute disease.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/genetics/immunology
*MicroRNAs/genetics/immunology
*SARS-CoV-2
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
Biomarkers
Extracellular Vesicles
Gene Expression Regulation
Inflammation/genetics
Pandemics
*Betacoronavirus

@article {pmid42033452,
year = {2026},
author = {Mok, TC and Mok, CC},
title = {Vaccination in systemic lupus erythematosus.},
journal = {Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {2663637},
pmid = {42033452},
issn = {2164-554X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology/complications/drug therapy ; *Vaccination/methods ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration & dosage ; Pneumococcal Vaccines/immunology/administration & dosage ; Influenza Vaccines/immunology/administration & dosage ; Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {Despite advancement in anti-microbial therapies, infection remains the leading cause of mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Vaccination is a major strategy in reducing infection risk. Recent studies suggest most SLE patients are able to mount an adequate immune response to the SARS-CoV2 vaccines but lower immunogenicity is observed with influenza and pneumococcal vaccination. Current evidence does not indicate an increased risk of SLE flares after administration of common vaccines. Live vaccines are less preferred to inactivated or recombinant vaccines in SLE patients receiving immunosuppression. However, the decision to vaccinate should be individualized according to risk and benefit evaluation. Vaccination in patients with SLE should best be performed during periods of low disease activity or remission. In patients receiving intense immunosuppression or biologic/targeted therapies, particularly B-cell depletion, vaccine responses are expected to be attenuated. Adjunctive measures such as booster dose of vaccines, passive immunization and microbial prophylaxis may be considered.},
}

Humans
*Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology/complications/drug therapy
*Vaccination/methods
COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration & dosage
Pneumococcal Vaccines/immunology/administration & dosage
Influenza Vaccines/immunology/administration & dosage
Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use

@article {pmid42033494,
year = {2026},
author = {Chakraborty, B and Singh, T},
title = {mRNA vaccines for viral diseases: mechanism, advances, and future perspective.},
journal = {Molecular biology reports},
volume = {53},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42033494},
issn = {1573-4978},
mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; mRNA Vaccines/immunology ; *Virus Diseases/prevention & control/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology ; *Viral Vaccines/immunology ; Animals ; Vaccine Development ; *RNA, Messenger/immunology/genetics ; Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology ; },
abstract = {The rapid development and global distribution of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) indicated an important shift in vaccine science and public health response. Unlike traditional vaccines that rely on live-attenuated or inactivated pathogens, mRNA vaccines use synthetic mRNA encoding the antigen, allowing host cells to produce the antigen and elicit strong immune responses. The success of mRNA vaccines against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has gradually increased global curiosity in applying this technology to treat other diseases. This review discusses the scientific basis of mRNA vaccines, including their mechanism of action, advantages in antigen design, expandable manufacturing, and modern delivery systems such as organic, inorganic, and hybrid. Beyond COVID-19, mRNA vaccines are being studied for other viral diseases, including influenza, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Zika, and dengue. The intrinsic flexibility and speed of mRNA technology make it a valuable platform for next-generation pandemic preparedness and new therapeutic development. Despite these advantages, many challenges exist, including mRNA instability, cold-chain storage requirements, regulatory issues, and concerns regarding global vaccine availability and acceptance. Overcoming these will be critical for the full long-term potential of mRNA vaccines as a sustainable and transformative platform for global health. This review highlights recent advances, current challenges, and future perspectives of mRNA vaccine technology for viral diseases.},
}

Humans
COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
mRNA Vaccines/immunology
*Virus Diseases/prevention & control/immunology
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology
*Viral Vaccines/immunology
Animals
Vaccine Development
*RNA, Messenger/immunology/genetics
Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology

@article {pmid42034588,
year = {2026},
author = {Shang, J and Cui, H and Shu, C and Zheng, L and Liu, F and Peng, Y and Wei, Z and Ni, X and Liu, J},
title = {Comprehensive overview of triclosan neurotoxicity and construction of adverse outcome pathways using a systems toxicology approach: Triclosan-induced attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder as an example.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology and environmental safety},
volume = {316},
number = {},
pages = {120169},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.120169},
pmid = {42034588},
issn = {1090-2414},
mesh = {*Triclosan/toxicity ; *Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/chemically induced ; Humans ; Animals ; *Adverse Outcome Pathways ; *Neurotoxicity Syndromes/etiology ; *Anti-Infective Agents, Local/toxicity ; Risk Assessment ; *Environmental Pollutants/toxicity ; },
abstract = {Triclosan (TCS) is widely applied to daily necessities as a chemical bacteriostatic agent. Environmental TCS levels have increased significantly following the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, posing a potential threat to humans and ecosystems. Epidemiological investigations and toxicological studies have shown that long-term TCS exposure can damage human tissues and organs and induce neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. However, studies on the mechanisms underlying its neurotoxicity and toxicity risk assessments are limited. This review summarizes the status of environmental and human TCS exposure and systematically outlines its neurotoxic effects. To further elucidate the mechanisms underlying TCS neurotoxicity, using TCS-induced attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as an example, we constructed an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework based on a systematic toxicology approach. We found that TCS increased the expression of cannabinoid receptor 1, which activates the "neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction" pathway, leading to ADHD-like behaviors, including cognitive, learning, and memory deficits, by modulating chemical synaptic transmission and neurotransmitter levels. The AOP framework was further used to assess the associated neurodevelopmental toxicity risks of TCS, contributing to a better understanding of its characteristics and safety. Thus, future research on the mechanisms underlying TCS toxicity and issues related to its detection and regulation should be emphasized.},
}

*Triclosan/toxicity
*Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/chemically induced
Humans
Animals
*Adverse Outcome Pathways
*Neurotoxicity Syndromes/etiology
*Anti-Infective Agents, Local/toxicity
Risk Assessment
*Environmental Pollutants/toxicity

@article {pmid42034797,
year = {2026},
author = {Balak, N and Broekman, M and Samprón, N and Tsianaka, E and Sandvik, U and Bolger, C and Soleman, J and Visocchi, M and Agboola, KM and Syrmos, N and Vulekovic, P and Mathiesen, T and Ganau, M and , },
title = {Ethical aspects of waiting lists in neurosurgery.},
journal = {Acta neurochirurgica},
volume = {168},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42034797},
issn = {0942-0940},
mesh = {Humans ; *Waiting Lists ; *Elective Surgical Procedures/ethics ; *Neurosurgical Procedures/ethics ; COVID-19 ; *Health Services Accessibility/ethics ; Ethical Dilemmas ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Long waiting times for elective surgery have been a persistent problem in many countries since well before the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to describe the extent of waiting lists&times for elective neurosurgery and discuss the potential ethical dilemmas they pose.

METHODS: A narrative review was conducted on waiting lists & times in neurosurgery using PubMed and the Web of Science Core Collection.

RESULTS: The majority of the available data on elective surgery waiting times and lists are based on analyses of non-neurosurgical interventions. These are generally high-volume surgical procedures, such as cataract surgery, hip replacement, and knee replacement. Elective surgery waiting times challenge the clinical application of the bioethical principles of beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice. Extensive waiting may prolong time to benefit or even lead to harm. Moreover, failure to receive timely care runs counter to patients' autonomous wishes to be treated without delay. Finally, different principles of distributive justice are likely to contradict each other under the conditions of restrained access to care that exist when patients must wait for care. It is essential to ensure that patients on waiting lists receive fair access to health care services.

CONCLUSION: This analysis indicates that long waiting lists potentially violate three of the four basic biomedical principles proposed by Beauchamp and Childress. The fourth principle, justice, is also challenged and remains to be analyzed in reference to underlying ethical principles. From an ethical perspective, waiting lists create accountability at the governmental, institutional, and physician levels, although not to an equal degree.},
}

Humans
*Waiting Lists
*Elective Surgical Procedures/ethics
*Neurosurgical Procedures/ethics
COVID-19
*Health Services Accessibility/ethics
Ethical Dilemmas
Pandemics
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid42035205,
year = {2026},
author = {Yuan, MQ and Pan, YF and Zhang, ZY and Wu, YX and Zhu, KD and Wang, ZR and Zhang, ZY and Xiong, JQ and Xu, Z and Huang, L and Wang, FS and Shi, L},
title = {Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells in COVID-19: a meta-analysis of clinical trials conducted since the pandemic onset.},
journal = {Stem cell research & therapy},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42035205},
issn = {1757-6512},
support = {No. 2022YFA1105604//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/therapy/mortality/epidemiology ; *Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation/methods ; *Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Pandemics ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can induce immune dysregulation and multi-organ injury; mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy has shown promise in clinical trials for COVID-19 and may have broader applicability to pneumonia induced by respiratory viruses (e.g., the influenza virus). This meta-analysis synthesized the available comparative clinical evidence on the safety and efficacy of MSCs in patients with moderate to critical COVID-19 and examined the reported outcomes relevant to Long-COVID.

METHODS: We searched the PubMed, Embase, and CNKI databases for original, comparative studies in moderate, severe, or critical COVID-19 published up to September 2, 2024. Twenty-four eligible studies (13 RCTs and 11 non-randomized controlled trials; n = 1080) were included in the mortality meta-analysis. Patients were assigned to either the intervention group (MSC therapy plus standard care) or the control group (standard care with or without placebo). The primary efficacy outcome was all-cause mortality, while the primary safety outcomes were adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs). Secondary outcomes included clinical recovery, hospitalization metrics, chest imaging, and inflammatory biomarkers. We performed a pooled meta-analysis on mortality with subgroup analyses (by disease severity, administration route, dosing frequency, and study design), assessment of publication bias (using funnel plots and Egger's test), and evaluation of the quality of evidence via the GRADE approach. AEs/SAEs were analyzed using meta-analysis and descriptive statistics, while other secondary outcomes were summarized descriptively.

RESULTS: MSC therapy significantly reduced all-cause mortality (MSC: 26.4% vs control: 31.9%; fixed-effect OR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.55-0.99), with low heterogeneity (I[2] = 2.8%, P =0.422[Q-test]) and no publication bias. The quality of evidence was moderate (according to the GRADE assessment). The subgroup analysis revealed a significant survival benefit in severe/critical patients (OR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.54-0.98) but not in studies that included moderate cases (OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.23-3.65). No significant heterogeneity was found across study designs, administration routes, or dosing frequencies, which confirmed the robustness of the primary findings while indicating insufficient evidence to determine the optimal regimen. The secondary outcomes suggested improvements in clinical recovery, pulmonary function, and pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine balance in patients that received MSC therapy. Limited studies with long-term follow-up indicated potential benefits for Long-COVID outcomes (e.g., fatigue, quality of life, residual CT abnormalities, and exercise tolerance). No significant differences were observed in AEs or SAEs post-MSC infusion, which suggested that MSC therapy was well tolerated.

CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis indicated that MSC therapy may reduce mortality in patients with severe or critical COVID-19, demonstrating a favorable safety profile and potential benefits for Long-COVID and other viral pneumonias. Further large-scale, rigorous RCTs and mechanistic studies are warranted to strengthen the evidence base and standardize MSC administration regimens (source, dosing, frequency, and intervals) for managing COVID-19, Long-COVID, and other viral pneumonias.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/therapy/mortality/epidemiology
*Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation/methods
*Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology
*SARS-CoV-2
Clinical Trials as Topic
Pandemics
Treatment Outcome

@article {pmid42035616,
year = {2026},
author = {Kimura, R and Hayashi, Y and Fujimoto-Sato, Y and Ishii, H and Suzuki, Y and Katayama, K and Mizukoshi, F and Ryo, A and Kimura, H},
title = {Decoding viral evolution through integrative bioinformatics: From genomes to global health.},
journal = {Virology},
volume = {620},
number = {},
pages = {110920},
doi = {10.1016/j.virol.2026.110920},
pmid = {42035616},
issn = {1096-0341},
mesh = {*Computational Biology/methods ; Humans ; *Evolution, Molecular ; *Genome, Viral ; Phylogeny ; Global Health ; *Viruses/genetics/classification ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Bioinformatics has transformed modern virology by linking genomic variation to epidemiology, protein structure, and public health action. This review integrates core analytical frameworks-sequence alignment and genome annotation; maximum-likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic/phylodynamic inference; codon-based selection and recombination analyses; and AI-assisted structural prediction combined with deep mutational scanning (DMS)-to convert viral sequences into mechanistic and predictive insight. We emphasize how global surveillance ecosystems (GISRS, GISAID, and Nextstrain) and sustained regional programs reveal genotype turnover, antigenic drift, and seasonality in RSV, HPIV, norovirus, and SARS-CoV-2, enabling near real-time lineage tracking and vaccine-strain deliberation. Mapping positively selected residues and recombination breakpoints onto three-dimensional protein structures clarifies immune escape in key surface glycoproteins (e.g., RSV F/G, HPIV HN/F, norovirus VP1) and strengthens genotype-phenotype interpretation. Comparative reinfection patterns-lifelong immunity in measles versus recurrent RSV/HPIV infections-illustrate how evolutionary rate and antigenic constraint shape population immunity and control strategies. Despite major advances, progress remains constrained by geographic sampling bias, incomplete metadata, uneven computational capacity, and uncertainties in molecular clocks, recombination inference, and machine-learning predictions. The field is now moving toward predictive virology, integrating AI-enabled structural modeling, mutational fitness landscapes, and clinical-immunological metadata within real-time analytical platforms to anticipate immune-escape trajectories. Prioritizing pediatric respiratory pathogens alongside influenza and coronaviruses, and reinforcing equitable data-sharing and governance, will be essential for globally inclusive, forward-looking viral surveillance and intervention.},
}

*Computational Biology/methods
Humans
*Evolution, Molecular
*Genome, Viral
Phylogeny
Global Health
*Viruses/genetics/classification
SARS-CoV-2/genetics
Animals

@article {pmid42038565,
year = {2026},
author = {Baldo, KAT and King, RAN and San Juan, FGF and Dungog, CC and Solidum, JGN and Ceriales, JA and Dela Cruz, MCP and Ho, FDV and Picart, N and Plantado, ANR and Perez, J and Garcia, JP and Lapeña, JFF and Paz-Pacheco, E and Tantengco, OAG},
title = {Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Thyroid Cancer in the Philippines.},
journal = {Indian journal of surgical oncology},
volume = {17},
number = {3},
pages = {484-498},
pmid = {42038565},
issn = {0975-7651},
abstract = {Thyroid cancer incidence is rising in the Philippines, warranting attention due to unique risk factors and growing economic implications. This review examines the epidemiological trends, diagnosis, treatment, impact of COVID-19, and economic burden associated with thyroid cancer in the Philippines. We conducted a literature search in Scopus and HERDIN to synthesize the existing data on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of thyroid cancer in the Philippines. Filipinos exhibit a higher prevalence of BRAFV600E mutations, and thyroid cancer is more common among females and older individuals. Diagnostic procedures include risk assessment, family history evaluation, neck examination, hormone tests, neck ultrasonograms, thyroid scans, and biopsies guided by the Bethesda System. Treatment primarily involves surgery, which is determined by risk classification and disease extent. Total or near-total thyroidectomy is recommended for most cases, followed by postoperative management tailored to individual patient factors. Anaplastic thyroid cancer may require multimodal approaches. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted healthcare access, leading to delays in thyroid cancer treatment and challenges in monitoring, prompting the adoption of telemedicine. However, the pandemic's psychological impact on thyroid cancer survivors is concerning. The economic burden remains substantial despite health insurance programs. In conclusion, thyroid cancer in the Philippines necessitates enhanced prevention, early detection, determination of risk factors, risk stratification, and treatment strategies. The COVID-19 pandemic emphasized the need for adaptable healthcare systems. This study summarized the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of thyroid cancer in the Philippines. Implementation of existing policies and further research on the Filipino population is vital to address this growing health concern and ensure improved outcomes for thyroid cancer patients.},
}

@article {pmid42038922,
year = {2025},
author = {Kiran, MA and Saeed, S and Bin Nafisah, A and Alqarni, A and Alotaibi, AH and Alqahtan, AS and Aljadaan, H and Osayl, HB and Alsane, M and Alsuhail, N and Alrawaf, N and Albalawi, RS and Alanazi, SA and Aloufi, R},
title = {Impact of The COVID-19 Pandemic on Salivary Gland-related Healthcare Interventions; A Systematic Review And Meta-analysis :.},
journal = {Galen medical journal},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {e3970},
pmid = {42038922},
issn = {2322-2379},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has raised concerns regarding their potential impact on perioperative outcomes. Its effect on patients undergoing surgery for salivary gland diseases remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on salivary gland-related healthcare interventions, including cancer treatments, sialendoscopy procedures, and parotid surgery outcomes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science (2019-2025) for studies reporting pre- and during-COVID data. Two reviewers independently screened records, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to pool odds ratios (ORs) for intervention outcomes.

RESULTS: Four studies (n=7,740 participants) were included. The pooled OR for salivary gland interventions during versus pre-COVID was 1.08 (95% CI: 0.88-1.33, P=0.45), indicating no significant change, with moderate heterogeneity (I²=46%). Subgroup analyses revealed increased odds of wound dehiscence post-parotid surgery (OR=4.40, 95% CI: 1.18-16.40) but no significant differences in delayed cancer diagnosis or urgent sialendoscopy.

CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic did not significantly alter overall salivary gland intervention rates or adverse events, though some procedural complications increased non-significantly. Limited evidence underscores the need for larger, standardized studies. While this shows that surgeons maintained quality of practice in this era during the COVID-19.},
}

@article {pmid42039182,
year = {2026},
author = {Lap, CR and van Houten, M and Bogaert, D and Biesbroek, G},
title = {A perfect storm: the immunological and pathophysiological landscape of pediatric post-COVID-19 condition.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1794596},
pmid = {42039182},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/complications ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Child ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Immunity, Innate ; Dysbiosis/immunology ; Adolescent ; },
abstract = {Pediatric Post-COVID Condition (PPCC) represents a significant and complex long-term sequela of SARS-CoV-2 infection, affecting a subset of children and adolescents even after mild acute disease. While acute COVID-19 is generally milder in children due to a more robust innate immune response, the mechanisms driving the persistence of symptoms in PPCC remain incompletely understood and likely multifactorial. This narrative review synthesizes current epidemiological data and explores the "perfect storm" of immunological and pathophysiological alterations underpinning the condition. We examine critical hypotheses including a dysregulated immune response characterized by altered T-cell subsets, monocyte activation, and autoantibody production. We discuss the potential role of persistent SARS-CoV-2 viral reservoirs in "sanctuary sites" like the gastrointestinal tract and the reactivation of latent viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Furthermore, the review details downstream pathogenic pathways, including vascular endothelial inflammation (thrombo-inflammation), neuroinflammation, and metabolic dysfunctions affecting the mitochondria and tryptophan-kynurenine pathway. Finally, we address the role of microbiome dysbiosis in perpetuating systemic inflammation and the gut-lung axis dysfunction. Given the heterogeneity of clinical presentations, we conclude that PPCC is likely a syndrome of overlapping biological phenotypes. Future research must prioritize identifying these specific biological endotypes to develop targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for the pediatric population.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/immunology/complications
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Child
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
Immunity, Innate
Dysbiosis/immunology
Adolescent

@article {pmid42041273,
year = {2026},
author = {Silveira, JM and Nakaishi, APM and da Silva, MG and Dos Santos, DO and Gastaldi, AC},
title = {Effects of Exercise-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients with Long COVID: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Advances in respiratory medicine},
volume = {94},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {42041273},
issn = {2543-6031},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/rehabilitation/complications/physiopathology ; *Exercise Therapy/methods ; Quality of Life ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Exercise Tolerance ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; },
abstract = {Background/Objective: A substantial proportion of infected individuals develop persistent symptoms after the acute phase of COVID-19, regardless of initial disease severity. Long COVID (LC) remains a public health challenge characterized by impaired functional exercise capacity (FEC) and quality of life (QoL). We systematically synthesized evidence on the effects of in-person outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation (OPR) with individualized and supervised exercise in adults with LC. Methods: Following PROSPERO (CRD42023389365), this study reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational cohort studies (OCSs) published between November 2019 and January 2026 in MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, PEDro, and EMBASE. Results: Fifteen studies (n = 803) were included. OPR improved FEC (6MWT; MD: 53.72 m, 95% CI 43.69-63.75) and 30″SST (MD: 4.68, 95% CI 3.59-5.77) and reduced exertional dyspnea. RCTs showed benefits in physical (MD: 8.04, 95% CI 3.02-13.05) and mental QoL (MD: 6.60, 95% CI 2.01-11.18) and dyspnea impact, with inconsistent PF findings. Fatigue showed a trend toward improvement but was measured using heterogeneous patient-reported tools in RCTs and OCSs. Conclusions: Supervised PR improves FEC, QoL, and dyspnea in individuals with LC. In patients with fatigue/PEM, systematic assessment and continuous symptom monitoring are essential. High-quality controlled studies are needed to strengthen evidence and clinical guide.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/rehabilitation/complications/physiopathology
*Exercise Therapy/methods
Quality of Life
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
Exercise Tolerance
SARS-CoV-2
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

@article {pmid42041392,
year = {2026},
author = {Markwitz, M and Welc, N and Kępińska, K and Bowszyc-Dmochowska, M and Dmochowski, M},
title = {Non-COVID-19 Vaccinations and the Induction of Autoantibodies in Pemphigus Diseases: A Review of the Speculative Issue and Our Clinical-Laboratory Experience.},
journal = {Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {42041392},
issn = {2073-4468},
abstract = {Background: Pemphigus diseases are rare autoimmune blistering disorders mediated by pathogenic autoantibodies directed mainly against desmoglein 1 and desmoglein 3. Although most cases are considered idiopathic, external triggers that can disrupt immune tolerance have been described. Vaccination has been discussed as a potential precipitating factor in autoimmune skin diseases. However, the relationship between vaccination and the induction of pemphigus-related autoantibodies has not been comprehensively summarized. Methods: We conducted a narrative review of all available studies published in the last 25 years identified through medical databases, excluding studies on COVID-19 vaccinations. Reports describing either new-onset pemphigus or exacerbation of preexisting pemphigus with a temporal association to vaccination were included. Clinical characteristics, vaccine type, latency period, direct immunofluorescence findings, and ELISA results for desmoglein autoantibodies were analyzed. In addition, we present our own clinical-laboratory experience illustrating this issue. Results: The current evidence consists predominantly of case reports and small case series. Published cases describe pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus occurring after vaccinations against influenza, hepatitis B, tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, rabies, and other routinely administered immunizations. The latency period most often ranged from several days to a few weeks. Immunopathological findings were consistent with classical pemphigus diseases, including intercellular IgG deposits in the epidermis and circulating autoantibodies against desmoglein 1 and/or desmoglein 3. Our patient was a 78-year-old woman who developed cutaneous form of pemphigus vulgaris, diagnosed with direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and multiplex ELISA, 10 days after diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccination. The patient had a positive family history of autoimmune blistering disease, namely mucous membrane pemphigoid. Conclusions: Based on the currently available evidence, a direct causal relationship between vaccination and pemphigus diseases cannot be established. Nevertheless, accumulated clinical and serological observations suggest that vaccination may act as a triggering factor in genetically or immunologically predisposed individuals, possibly by amplifying pre-existing subclinical autoreactive immune responses. Further population-based and mechanistic studies are required to clarify this association, while the overall benefits of vaccination remain substantial.},
}

@article {pmid42041609,
year = {2026},
author = {Breaux, AM and Miller, GR and Cooper, HD and Bembenick, KN and Reddy, A and Ahmadzadeh, S and Shekoohi, S and Kaye, AD},
title = {Critical Care Sedation: Emerging Clinical Considerations and Risks of Volatile Anesthetics for Sedation: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {42041609},
issn = {2079-9721},
abstract = {Volatile anesthetics have steadily become more popular in intensive care units for sedation for reasons related to their beneficial pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Common anesthetics such as isoflurane and sevoflurane rapidly reach sedative levels in the body, but they are also rapidly eliminated, allowing for quick recovery. These agents have minimal impact on the liver and kidneys, which makes them attractive options when compared to other agents including opioids, benzodiazepines, ketamine, and propofol. Use of delivery systems like AnaConDa[®] (Anaesthetic Conserving Device; Sedana Medical AB, Danderyd, Sweden) has enabled providers to easily use these agents in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). In this regard, they have recently provided additional beneficial consideration during intravenous drug shortages seen during the COVID-19 pandemic and at other times. These agents have shown organ-protective effects in the kidneys and lungs, which may even reduce the total time spent in the ICU. Pharmacodynamically, these anesthetics mediate their effects through central nervous system ion channels to exert analgesic and anxiolytic actions, thereby minimizing effects in the kidneys and lungs. These agents are primarily eliminated via exhalation, which makes them potential options for those with liver or kidney failure. This narrative review examines current efficacy and risks of using volatile anesthetics for sedation in the ICU setting and clinical roles for the future.},
}

@article {pmid42041712,
year = {2026},
author = {Vo, AH and Libmann, M and Carson, D and Wang, K and Puri, S and Butowski, N and Winters-Stone, K},
title = {A Scoping Review of Exercise Oncology in the Primary Brain Tumor Patient-Caregiver Dyad.},
journal = {Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.)},
volume = {33},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {42041712},
issn = {1718-7729},
mesh = {Humans ; *Brain Neoplasms/therapy/psychology ; *Caregivers/psychology ; *Exercise Therapy/methods ; Quality of Life ; Exercise ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Primary malignant brain tumors (PBT) impose substantial burdens on patients and caregivers. Caregivers are essential in the delivery of outpatient care for patients with PBT but experience high levels of fatigue, distress, and health decline. Although exercise is known to improve outcomes in cancer patients, interventions tailored specifically to the PBT patient-caregiver dyad remain limited. Dyadic intervention, as well as exercise oncology, are emerging areas of active research in neuro-oncology. This scoping review incorporates both principles to evaluate the existing literature on exercise interventions on primary brain tumor patient-caregiver dyads.

METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search of MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, CINAHL (EBSCO), Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine (EBSCO), and Cochrane Central (Ovid) in December 2025 for studies involving exercise interventions that included adult PBT patients and caregivers.

RESULTS: Of the 1126 records screened, eight studies were included: four yoga-based interventions (three feasibility trials and one ongoing multicenter RCT), one pilot ski-based intervention, and three aerobic and resistance training-based interventions (two qualitative and one ongoing trial). The interventions were safe and feasible, with high adherence and retention. The preliminary reported benefits included improvements in fatigue, sleep, quality of life, and caregiver distress for the dyads. Videoconference delivery was effective, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The eight included studies comprised 5-67 dyads, with four being single-arm feasibility studies.

CONCLUSIONS: Current literature on dyadic exercise intervention in neuro-oncology consists primarily of small-scale feasibility and pilot studies. Initial findings have demonstrated that such interventions are safe. However, preliminary efficacy remains limited due to the risk of bias and lack of statistical power. Larger randomized clinical trials with objective endpoints are needed to define efficacy and guide evidence-based protocols.},
}

Humans
*Brain Neoplasms/therapy/psychology
*Caregivers/psychology
*Exercise Therapy/methods
Quality of Life
Exercise

@article {pmid42041941,
year = {2026},
author = {Ramos-Nino, ME},
title = {Triple Latency as a Driver of Chronic Inflammation: An Integrative View of HSV, EBV, and CMV Persistence in Immunocompetent Hosts.},
journal = {Clinics and practice},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {42041941},
issn = {2039-7275},
abstract = {Background: Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) establish lifelong latency in sensory neurons, lymphoid tissue, and myeloid-endothelial cells, respectively. A substantial proportion of adults worldwide are infected with all three viruses and may experience concurrent herpesvirus latency, yet they have largely been studied independently. This review examined whether latent and intermittently reactivating herpesviruses share overlapping inflammatory signatures and whether their combined presence contributes to chronic inflammatory burden. Methods: A narrative integrative review was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, and Google Scholar (inception-October 2025). Evidence from thirty-one cohort studies and mechanistic investigations spanning virology, immunology, neurology, and clinical medicine was synthesized. Results: Herpesvirus reactivation rates ranged from 23% in general Intensive Care Unit (ICU) populations to 85% in severe COVID-19. Concurrent reactivation of multiple viruses occurred in 34-63% of critically ill patients and was associated with worse clinical outcomes. Notably, simultaneous CMV and EBV reactivation independently predicted mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.17; 95% CI, 1.41-7.13). Across infections, overlapping inflammatory biomarkers, including IL-6, TNF-α, CRP, and PGE2, were consistently elevated, reflecting convergent activation of IFN and NF-κB signaling pathways. Mechanistic studies suggest cross-compartment immune priming, where CMV-driven T-cell exhaustion facilitates EBV reactivation, and viral cytokine signaling enhances HSV-associated neuroinflammation. Conclusions: HSV, EBV, and CMV triple latency may represent an underrecognized contributor to chronic inflammation in immunocompetent hosts. Understanding this multi-virus inflammatory network may inform mechanistic research, biomarker-guided risk stratification, and therapeutic strategies targeting convergent inflammatory pathways. Prospective interventional studies incorporating concurrent multi-virus monitoring are needed to clarify causal relationships.},
}

@article {pmid42041954,
year = {2026},
author = {Liu, Y and Khatchadourian, C and Sanders, L and Eweroke, Q and Warner-McCutcheon, C and Lewis, J and Santos, J and Venketaraman, V},
title = {Systematic Review: The Impact of COVID-19 Vaccination on Myocarditis Risk and Recovery.},
journal = {Clinics and practice},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {42041954},
issn = {2039-7275},
support = {R15 HL143545/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Background: Myocarditis is an uncommon but recognized adverse event following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination, with risk varying by age, sex, dose number, and vaccine product. Clarifying the magnitude of risk, clinical course, and recovery-relative to myocarditis following SARS-CoV-2 infection-is essential for risk-benefit assessment and public health guidance. Methods: We performed a systematic PubMed and Embase search (January 2020-December 2024) and synthesized cohort, registry, and surveillance data on myocarditis incidence and outcomes following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. Outcomes included incidence, observed-to-expected (OE) or incidence rate (IRRs) ratios, hospitalization, and short-term recovery. Study selection followed PRISMA 2020 systematic review guidelines. Results: Myocarditis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination was identified as a rare adverse event, most commonly occurring after the second dose and in younger male individuals. Across multiple cohort and registry-based studies, cases were generally mild and self-limited, with most patients recovering without complication. In contrast, myocarditis following SARS-CoV-2 infection was consistently associated with more severe outcomes, including higher rates of hospitalization and mortality. Conclusions: Vaccine-associated myocarditis is rare, typically mild, and self-limited, with excellent short-term recovery; vaccinated individuals also exhibit lower odds of in-hospital death and intubation. In contrast, infection-associated myocarditis is more frequent and severe. Overall, the benefit-risk profile of mRNA vaccination remains strongly favorable.},
}

@article {pmid42042039,
year = {2026},
author = {Chang, H and Wu, CS and Yeh, TY and Ko, WC},
title = {Tea Polyphenols in the COVID-19 Era: Mechanistic Insights and Translational Challenges.},
journal = {Current issues in molecular biology},
volume = {48},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {42042039},
issn = {1467-3045},
support = {Not applicable//Renal Care Research and Health Promotion Association, New Taipei City/ ; },
abstract = {The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has driven the global COVID-19 pandemic, imposing a tremendous burden on public health. As the virus continually evolves through rapid mutations, the pandemic has transitioned into a prolonged endemic phase. Despite the development of novel drugs and vaccines, clinical outcomes remain suboptimal for vulnerable populations, including the elderly and those with comorbidities or compromised immunity. Tea polyphenols, a class of structurally diverse and bioactive nutraceuticals, may modulate viral entry, replication, and host inflammatory pathways implicated in disease progression through pleiotropic effects on viral attachment, membrane fusion, intracellular replication, and proteolytic processing. Here, we provide an updated chemo-biological perspective on the antiviral and immunomodulatory mechanisms of tea polyphenols against SARS-CoV-2. Current evidence highlights their potential to serve as promising candidates for further mechanistic and translational investigation as adjunctive strategies and nutraceuticals for COVID-19 management. Importantly, no large-scale randomized controlled trials have yet demonstrated clinical benefit of tea polyphenols in COVID-19.},
}

@article {pmid42042775,
year = {2026},
author = {Damnjanović, K and Djurov, K and Galic, M and Lisul, B and Mocanu, IV and Shukla, S and Enstone, A and Dai, L and Vrdelja, M and Batselova, H and Drăgănescu, A and Tešović, G},
title = {Vaccine Confidence and Vaccine Hesitancy in Several Countries in Southeastern Europe in Past 10 Years: A Structured Review of Published Literature.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {42042775},
issn = {2076-393X},
support = {N/A//Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC/ ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Despite vaccination being the most effective way of preventing infections and vaccination rates recovering worldwide after the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccine hesitancy persists. Some factors, such as psychological and social barriers, can negatively impact views on vaccines and can contribute to vaccine hesitancy. The primary objective of this structured literature review is to investigate the available evidence relating to factors affecting vaccine hesitancy within several countries in Southeastern Europe.

METHODS: An electronic database search was conducted to identify studies assessing the public and healthcare professionals' (HCPs) attitudes towards vaccination in Southeastern Europe. These searches were supplemented with grey literature searches. Included studies were conducted in Bulgaria, Croatia, Romania, Serbia, and Slovenia between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2022.

RESULTS: Of the 35 studies identified from the database searches, the most prominent theme observed across Romania, Croatia, and Bulgaria was low confidence in COVID-19 vaccines. Across all age groups, COVID-19 vaccine confidence in these regions was highly dependent on whether individuals thought vaccines were safe and effective, as well as their general trust in vaccines. Confidence in COVID-19 vaccines was seen as relatively high, with attitudes towards routine and elective vaccines being generally positive amongst the general public and HCPs, in Romania, Croatia, Serbia and Slovenia. However, uncertainty around the effectiveness of the vaccine still exists. In Bulgaria, trust in routine and elective vaccines remained low in the general public. Complacency and financial constraints were also identified as underlying causes of vaccine hesitancy.

CONCLUSIONS: The main cause behind vaccine hesitancy in several countries in Southeastern Europe is distrust in vaccine effectiveness and safety. These key findings can be utilised to support evidence-based decisions regarding where to focus resources to improve public and HCP perception of vaccines in Southeastern Europe.},
}

@article {pmid42042784,
year = {2026},
author = {Runzer-Colmenares, FM and Cahuapaza-Gutierrez, NL and Calderon-Hernandez, CC and Umeres-Bravo, MM},
title = {Effects of Respiratory Vaccines in Older Adults with Cardiovascular Diseases: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {42042784},
issn = {2076-393X},
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Vaccination against respiratory viruses-such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), pneumococcal disease, influenza, and COVID-19-may reduce the risk of adverse outcomes in older adults with cardiovascular disease. This study conducted a scoping review of the effects of respiratory vaccines in older adults with cardiovascular disease. Methods: We included studies evaluating adults aged ≥ 60 years with cardiovascular disease who received different types of respiratory vaccines. Eligible designs comprised clinical trials, observational cohort studies, and other relevant studies. Editorials, commentaries, and non-original publications were excluded. A comprehensive and targeted literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science from database inception through January 2026. Results: A total of 25 studies were included, encompassing 1,782,787 adults aged ≥ 60 years with cardiovascular disease who received various respiratory vaccines. RSV vaccines were associated with a lower incidence of cardiorespiratory hospitalization and stroke among vaccinated individuals. Pneumococcal vaccines showed that sequential dual vaccination strategies were associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events. Influenza vaccination was associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes, lower mortality, and reduced adverse events. COVID-19 vaccines were associated with reductions in mortality and hospitalizations. These benefits are particularly relevant in an older population with a high burden of comorbidities; therefore, complete vaccination schedules, including booster doses, should be considered a central strategy for prevention and comprehensive management in this high-risk group. Conclusions: Vaccination against respiratory viruses in older adults with cardiovascular disease demonstrates an overall favorable/acceptable profile of efficacy and safety, with reductions in mortality, hospitalizations, and cardiovascular events, without a significant increase in serious adverse events.},
}

@article {pmid42042800,
year = {2026},
author = {Lopes de Abreu, AJ and Mpande, CAM and Song, Y and Nicholson, MW and Nannei, C and Friede, M},
title = {Unpacking the mRNA Supply Chain: Challenges and Opportunities for Global Health.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {42042800},
issn = {2076-393X},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted both the transformative potential of mRNA vaccines and the structural challenges associated with their supply chains. Unlike traditional vaccine platforms, mRNA vaccines depend on highly specialized raw materials, including plasmid DNA (pDNA), nucleotides, enzymes, and lipid nanoparticles (LNP), that are produced by a limited number of global suppliers. These dependencies, combined with platform-specific manufacturing processes and stringent cold chain requirements, introduce vulnerabilities across production, distribution, and regulatory oversight. This narrative review examines the distinctive features of mRNA vaccine supply chains and identifies key challenges and opportunities across three interconnected domains: manufacturing systems, logistics and distribution, and regulatory governance. Drawing on literature published between January 2021 and March 2026, the review synthesizes evidence on supply chain bottlenecks revealed during the COVID-19 pandemic, including upstream raw-material dependencies, limitations in manufacturing scale-up, cold chain constraints, and regulatory fragmentation. Particular attention is given to the implications of these challenges for low- and middle-income countries, where infrastructure, technical capacity, and regulatory resources may limit participation in mRNA vaccine production and deployment. The review also highlights emerging strategies to strengthen supply chain resilience, including diversification of input suppliers, development of regional manufacturing hubs, improvements in vaccine thermostability, regulatory harmonization initiatives, and the use of digital technologies for supply chain management. By integrating insights from manufacturing, logistics, and regulatory perspectives, this study contributes to a better understanding of the structural characteristics shaping mRNA vaccine supply chains and identifies priority areas for strengthening global preparedness for future health emergencies.},
}

@article {pmid42042827,
year = {2026},
author = {Aljohani, M},
title = {Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Uptake, Acceptance and Willingness to Vaccinate in Post-COVID-19 Vaccine Era Among Adult High-Risk Groups in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries (GCC): A Narrative Review of the Literature.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {42042827},
issn = {2076-393X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Reports on seasonal influenza vaccine (SIV) coverage in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries showed lower than targeted coverage among high-risk populations both before and after the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent COVID-19 vaccine release. This narrative review aims to synthesise SIV coverage following the introduction of COVID-19 vaccines among at-risk groups in the GCC region.

METHODS: Database searches included PubMed and Google Scholar for articles assessing SIV uptake, acceptance, hesitancy, and intention to vaccinate among adults in high-risk groups in GCC countries, with data collected after the introduction of COVID-19 vaccines.

RESULTS: SIV uptake ranged from 1.8% among pregnant women to 64.1% among dialysis patients in Saudi Arabia. Healthcare workers (HCWs) demonstrated the highest overall coverage, reaching 64.5% for annual uptake in Bahrain, with 79% of HCWs in Saudi Arabia intending to vaccinate. Prevalent barriers included low risk perception and consideration of influenza as a mild disease not necessitating SIV uptake, as well as vaccine effectiveness and safety concerns. Previous vaccination, physician advice, and policy or mandates for HCWs were identified as frequent facilitators of uptake.

CONCLUSION: Suboptimal uptake was reported among most high-risk groups in GCC countries. Health Belief Model components and physician involvement appear to have a significant impact on vaccine uptake among the intended population. More emphasis should be directed toward effective risk communication and action cues methods to enhance uptake among high-risk groups. Future research is needed to cover understudied areas like the elderly aged ≥ 65 years, cancer and other high-risk groups, in addition to further studies for GCC countries other than Saudi Arabia in the post-COVID-19 vaccine period.},
}

@article {pmid42042830,
year = {2026},
author = {Bellavite, P and Di Fede, G and Mantovani, M and Zanolin, E},
title = {Autoimmune Features of Post-COVID-19 Vaccination Syndrome and Their Impacts on the Renin-Angiotensin System.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {42042830},
issn = {2076-393X},
abstract = {One of the most critical aspects of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) and post-acute COVID-19 vaccination syndrome (PACVS) is the presence of autoantibodies. These autoantibodies are directed against various receptors in the autonomic and cardiovascular systems, including those targeting proteins of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The RAS plays a central role in regulating vascular homeostasis, inflammation, and endothelial function. During SARS-CoV-2 infection, the interaction of the spike (S) protein with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) can alter the balance of the RAS, favoring an imbalance towards the ACE/Angiotensin II/AT1R axis, known for its pro-inflammatory, pro-thrombotic, and vasoconstrictive properties. Similar pathological mechanisms also come into play in response to vaccinations that use the S protein as an antigen. Studies conducted by other groups and us on patients with PACS and PACVS have revealed the presence of autoantibodies directed against these RAS components and the mechanisms by which these antibodies can worsen the clinical situation. In particular, anti-ACE2, presumably formed by the anti-idiotype network or molecular mimicry, is correlated with PACVS symptoms in many patients. Furthermore, the presence of anti-MAS1 antibodies can reduce the efficiency of the ACE2/Angiotensin-(1-7)/MAS1 axis, which normally acts as a counter-regulator. Considering this evidence, an analysis of RAS molecules and the autoantibodies implicated in reactions to them may be useful for evaluating a state of persistent dysregulation associated with post-vaccination symptoms such as asthenia, headache, skin edema and bruising, cardiovascular alterations, and neurovegetative manifestations. Finally, we offer insights into diagnosing these multifaceted syndromes and working hypotheses to guide research into possible therapeutic approaches.},
}

@article {pmid42043214,
year = {2026},
author = {Natarajan, M and Jayashankar, B and Nataraj, R},
title = {Placental Vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2: Viral Entry Pathways and Immune Activation.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {18},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {42043214},
issn = {1999-4915},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; *Virus Internalization ; *Placenta/virology/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology ; *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/immunology/virology ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Pregnancy represents a distinct immunological and physiological state that modifies maternal susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and influences the clinical and biological course of COVID-19. Accumulating evidence indicates that the interaction between viral entry determinants, gestation-specific immune modulation, placental endocrine-angiogenic pathways, and systemic inflammatory responses underlies the characteristic manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. This review consolidates current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 viral structure, receptor biology, and the gestational regulation of key entry cofactors, including ACE2, TMPRSS2, NRP1, CTSL and FURIN, within reproductive and placental tissues. The review further integrates documented mechanisms of cytokine-mediated immune dysregulation, endothelial injury, thrombo-inflammation, and steroidogenic alteration observed in affected pregnancies, and examines their contribution to placental malperfusion, preeclampsia-like presentations, fetal growth abnormalities and preterm birth. Published molecular and computational studies characterising trophoblast antiviral defenses, receptor expression patterns, and structural determinants of Spike-ACE2 affinity are synthesised to contextualise the biological basis of placental susceptibility and the rarity of confirmed transplacental transmission. Current evidence on maternal clinical outcomes, fetal and neonatal consequences, vaccination efficacy, therapeutic considerations and contemporary management guidelines is also critically reviewed. By integrating molecular, immunological, pathological and clinical insights, this article provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 infection and pregnancy-specific physiology, with implications for risk assessment, preventive strategies and maternal-fetal care.},
}

Humans
Female
Pregnancy
*Virus Internalization
*Placenta/virology/immunology
*SARS-CoV-2/physiology
*COVID-19/immunology/virology
*Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/immunology/virology
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism

@article {pmid42043241,
year = {2026},
author = {Tasker, S and Spiri, AM and Hartmann, K and Addie, DD and Belák, S and Bergmann, M and Egberink, H and Frymus, T and Hofmann-Lehmann, R and Marsilio, F and Pennisi, MG and Thiry, E and Truyen, U and Boucraut-Baralon, C and Möstl, K and Hosie, MJ},
title = {Update on Treatment of Feline Infectious Peritonitis: European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases (ABCD) Guidelines.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {18},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {42043241},
issn = {1999-4915},
mesh = {Animals ; Cats ; *Feline Infectious Peritonitis/drug therapy/diagnosis/virology ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/administration & dosage ; Adenosine Monophosphate/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use ; Alanine/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use ; Europe ; Coronavirus, Feline/drug effects ; Adenosine/analogs & derivatives ; Cytidine/analogs & derivatives ; Hydroxylamines ; },
abstract = {Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a disease arising as a result of feline coronavirus infection. It used to be regarded a fatal disease, with euthanasia commonly recommended following diagnosis due to its very poor prognosis. The availability of effective antiviral therapies, particularly nucleoside analogues such as oral GS-441524, has fundamentally changed the outlook for cats with FIP. FIP is now a treatable and frequently curable disease. In these revised guidelines, the European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases (ABCD) presents an update on the treatment of FIP, incorporating the findings of new studies including the range of available treatments (such as GS-441524, remdesivir and molnupiravir (EIDD-2801) and its active metabolite EIDD-1931), which varies globally, as well as suggestions for monitoring and prognostic indicators. Tables are used to present easy-to-find information on antiviral and supportive treatments for cats with FIP. GS-441524 is the most extensively studied antiviral for FIP with treatment success rates often exceeding 90%. Remdesivir is primarily reserved as an injectable antiviral for severely affected cats unable to tolerate oral medication; it is usually replaced by oral medication as soon as, and when, possible. Although 84-day treatment courses have historically been used, emerging evidence suggests that shorter regimens of 42 days can be equally effective.},
}

Animals
Cats
*Feline Infectious Peritonitis/drug therapy/diagnosis/virology
*Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/administration & dosage
Adenosine Monophosphate/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use
Alanine/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use
Europe
Coronavirus, Feline/drug effects
Adenosine/analogs & derivatives
Cytidine/analogs & derivatives
Hydroxylamines

@article {pmid42043247,
year = {2026},
author = {Mahajan, S and Mahajan, S and Kaushik, N},
title = {Integrative Insights into the Immunopathogenesis and Organ-Specific Immunological Mechanisms of Long COVID: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {18},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {42043247},
issn = {1999-4915},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/pathology ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Immunity, Innate ; Adaptive Immunity ; },
abstract = {Long COVID (LC), also referred to as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, is characterized by persistent symptoms originating 3 months following acute COVID-19, lasting for at least two months and frequently affecting individuals who initially experienced mild to moderate disease. The clinical spectrum is heterogeneous, involving respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, renal, gastrointestinal, and endocrine systems, thereby posing substantial diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Despite extensive investigation, the precise immunopathogenic mechanisms underlying LC remain incompletely defined. Accumulating evidence suggests that LC is driven by a multifactorial interplay of persistent viral antigen reservoirs, chronic immune activation, dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses, autoimmunity, endothelial dysfunction, microvascular injury, and aberrant tissue repair. These systemic immune perturbations manifest variably across different organs, contributing to the diverse clinical phenotypes observed. However, mechanistic clarity is hindered by heterogeneity in study designs, limited longitudinal data, and the absence of standardized immunological profiling. This narrative review provides integrative insights into the immunopathogenesis of LC, synthesizing current evidence on systemic immune dysregulation and organ-specific immunological mechanisms. A conceptual framework is proposed to facilitate a structured understanding of this complex syndrome and to guide future research toward targeted immunomodulatory strategies.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/immunology/pathology
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Immunity, Innate
Adaptive Immunity

@article {pmid42043661,
year = {2026},
author = {Pashapour, H and Nikfarjam, A and Ghaffari, M and Kavousi, A and Aslani, N and Karami, M},
title = {Good Practices for Managing Acute Respiratory Viral Infections at Aerial Entry Points: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Journal of epidemiology and global health},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42043661},
issn = {2210-6014},
support = {43013183//Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Quarantine/methods ; *Contact Tracing/methods ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; *Virus Diseases/prevention & control ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Aerial entry points are critical in the international spread of infectious diseases, underscoring the need for effective management of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVIs). Recent global outbreaks, including COVID‑19, have highlighted the importance of strengthened public health measures at air borders. However, evidence on ARVI management strategies at these points remains fragmented. This scoping review mapped and synthesized existing approaches to quarantine protocols, contact‑tracing methods, and advanced or innovative technologies used at aerial entry points. METHODS: We conducted a scoping review following the Arksey and O’Malley framework, refined by Levac et al., and reported in accordance with PRISMA ScR guidelines. Scientific databases were systematically searched for English language studies published between 2003 and 2024 that described the management of ARVIs at air borders. Data from eligible studies were charted and analyzed using thematic analysis to identify and categorize quarantine approaches, contact tracing strategies, and advanced or innovative technologies applied in these settings. RESULTS: A total of 80 studies were included in the review, addressing diseases such as COVID 19, influenza, SARS, and Ebola. Most studies were conducted in high income countries and in regions of Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific. Various quarantine approaches were identified, including mandatory quarantine, risk based quarantine, and home based isolation strategies. Contact tracing methods ranged from traditional manual approaches using passenger information to technology supported systems that improved the speed of identifying exposed individuals. Several studies reported the use of advanced digital technologies such as digital health passports, geofencing monitoring systems, and electronic reporting platforms to support monitoring, compliance, and data management during public health responses at air borders. CONCLUSION: The findings highlight the diverse range of quarantine protocols, contact tracing approaches, and emerging technological tools used to manage ARVIs at air borders. Despite these developments, evidence regarding the effectiveness and long term implementation of these strategies remains limited. Further research is needed to strengthen the evidence base and support evidence informed policies for managing respiratory infectious diseases at international points of entry.},
}

Humans
*Quarantine/methods
*Contact Tracing/methods
*COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology
*Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control
Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control
*Virus Diseases/prevention & control

@article {pmid42044369,
year = {2026},
author = {Banerjee, P and Holly, L},
title = {Everyday Digital Technology Use and Youth Health: Scoping Review of Longitudinal Studies.},
journal = {JMIR public health and surveillance},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {e85094},
pmid = {42044369},
issn = {2369-2960},
mesh = {Humans ; Adolescent ; Longitudinal Studies ; *Digital Technology/statistics & numerical data ; Digital Media ; *Adolescent Health/statistics & numerical data ; Social Media/statistics & numerical data ; Child ; Young Adult ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Digital Health ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Everyday digital technologies such as social media, gaming, and internet use are deeply integrated into the lives of children, adolescents, and young adults. While these platforms can foster connection, learning, and entertainment, concerns have grown about their potential to influence mental, physical, and social well-being. Research on this topic has expanded rapidly over the past decade, yet much of it remains cross-sectional, limiting insights into long-term outcomes. Longitudinal studies are essential to capture evolving patterns of digital engagement, identify causal relationships, and guide effective policies and interventions that support youth in navigating digital environments. In particular, evidence is needed to distinguish between beneficial and harmful forms of digital engagement, such as social connection versus problematic use, and to understand how these impacts differ across diverse populations and contexts. The COVID-19 pandemic further accelerated young people's technology use, underscoring the urgency of examining both risks and opportunities. This review, therefore, synthesizes longitudinal research to map trends, identify knowledge gaps, and inform future directions.

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to systematically identify and map longitudinal studies examining associations between everyday digital technology use (eg, social media, gaming, and internet use) and the health and well-being of youth (25 years or younger) and to chart the types of evidence available by technology category, outcomes, and geographical setting in order to highlight key gaps for future research.

METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and PsycArticles (2014-2024) was conducted and reported in accordance with PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews). Data extraction covered demographics, digital technology categories, and health outcomes. Studies were grouped into 6 key themes: social media use and mental health, digital addiction and behavioral outcomes, physical activity and digital technology, digital health technologies and cognitive development, parental influence and digital technology, and digital well-being and risk behaviors.

RESULTS: Of the 456 studies identified, 267 were longitudinal studies relevant to our research aims. Internet use (n=201 studies), social media (n=140 studies), and gaming (n=83 studies) dominated the themes. Mental health was the most frequently assessed outcome, with a focus on anxiety and depression. Geographically, 15% (40/267) of studies originated from low- and middle-income countries, with the majority from high-income settings such as the United States (n=76 studies) and Australia (n=15 studies). Nearly half (131/267, 49%) were published post 2020, reflecting heightened interest during the COVID-19 pandemic.

CONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal evidence on everyday digital technology use and youth health is growing but remains concentrated in mental health outcomes and high-income settings, with notable gaps in physical health, educational outcomes, and equity-focused research. These findings highlight the need for more diverse, methodologically robust longitudinal studies to inform context-sensitive policies and interventions that balance the risks and benefits of digital engagement for young people.},
}

Humans
Adolescent
Longitudinal Studies
*Digital Technology/statistics & numerical data
Digital Media
*Adolescent Health/statistics & numerical data
Social Media/statistics & numerical data
Child
Young Adult
COVID-19/epidemiology
Digital Health

@article {pmid42044651,
year = {2026},
author = {Agyemang, C and Tetteh, J and Mbaye, MN and Lamptey, R and Seidu, S and Khunti, K and Kengne, AP},
title = {Burden and determinants of diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa.},
journal = {The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology},
volume = {14},
number = {6},
pages = {498-511},
doi = {10.1016/S2213-8587(26)00065-3},
pmid = {42044651},
issn = {2213-8595},
mesh = {Humans ; Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology ; *Cost of Illness ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology/etiology ; Prevalence ; },
abstract = {The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is rising rapidly across sub-Saharan Africa; however, its epidemiology, clinical phenotypes, and underlying mechanisms remain insufficiently characterised. This first paper in a Series on diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa synthesises current evidence on the burden, distribution, and determinants of diabetes, including emerging phenotypes and the roles of early life adversity, psychosocial stress, and interactions with infectious disease. We also identify major gaps in surveillance systems, research capacity, prevention, and clinical management across the region. Sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing one of the fastest global increases in diabetes, with the highest proportion of undiagnosed cases and a projected steep rise in intermediate hyperglycaemia and diabetes by 2050. Urbanisation, ageing, obesity, and lifestyle transitions are major contributors; however, a substantial proportion of type 2 diabetes occurs in lean individuals (BMI <25 kg/m[2]), particularly in rural settings, suggesting distinct metabolic and developmental pathways not captured by models derived from high-income countries. Bidirectional interactions between diabetes and malaria, tuberculosis, HIV, or COVID-19 make disease trajectories complex. Persistent gaps in surveillance, a reliance on modelled estimates, low genomic representation, and constrained access to modern diabetes medications hinder progress. Strengthening health system capacity, improving data infrastructure, and investing in regionally driven research are essential to develop effective, context-specific interventions and advance precision medicine tailored to sub-Saharan African populations.},
}

Humans
Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology
*Cost of Illness
COVID-19/epidemiology
*Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology/etiology
Prevalence

@article {pmid42045685,
year = {2026},
author = {Mehdizadeh, M and Zhang, FW and Yu, LC and Li, JH and Posso, AN and Mustoe, AK and Escobar-Domingo, MJ and Foppiani, J and Karinja, S and Lee, BT},
title = {Telemedicine in Plastic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Utilization and Outcomes Pre- and Post-pandemic.},
journal = {Aesthetic plastic surgery},
volume = {50},
number = {13},
pages = {5712-5720},
pmid = {42045685},
issn = {1432-5241},
mesh = {Humans ; *Telemedicine/statistics & numerical data ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Patient Satisfaction/statistics & numerical data ; *Surgery, Plastic/methods ; *Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods ; Health Services Accessibility ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Telemedicine revolutionized healthcare post-COVID-19 by expanding virtual care across consultations, post-operative care, and inter-physician collaboration. However, its impact on adoption and effectiveness in plastic surgery remains underexplored. This study systematically compares pre- and post-pandemic telemedicine in plastic surgery, focusing on outcomes, accessibility, and patient satisfaction to inform best practices.

METHODS: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science, following PRISMA guidelines, for articles published through November 2024. Extracted data included author, year, country, subspecialty, pandemic classification, sample size, demographics, utilization, barriers, travel time/distance, satisfaction, complications, and appointment duration. Meta-analyses calculated pooled estimates with 95% confidence intervals. Meta-regression and Welch's t-test assessed pre- versus post-pandemic differences. Analyses were performed in R 4.4.1.

RESULTS: Of 450 identified publications, 72 met inclusion criteria, encompassing 9435 subjects (mean age: 47.99). 89.3% (95% CI 59.3-96.2%) of patients reported willingness to reuse telemedicine, and the pooled satisfaction rate was 83.9% (95% CI 79.4-88.5; p < 0.05). Meta-analysis showed significant reductions in travel time (120 min; p < 0.05) and distance (187.1 km; p < 0.05). Five studies reported a mean appointment duration of 16.07 min. Complications were rare (7.7%; 95% CI 2.9-18.6%; p < 0.05). Post-pandemic satisfaction score was lower (81.1 vs. 91.2; p = 0.0315), likely reflecting increased utilization and technological barriers. Other outcomes, including complication rates and willingness to reuse telemedicine, showed no significant difference (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Telemedicine plays an evolving role in plastic surgery, reducing travel burden and maintaining safety. However, lower post-pandemic satisfaction highlights the need to improve accessibility and technology to optimize outcomes.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .},
}

Humans
*Telemedicine/statistics & numerical data
*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control
Patient Satisfaction/statistics & numerical data
*Surgery, Plastic/methods
*Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods
Health Services Accessibility
Pandemics
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid42046671,
year = {2026},
author = {Hudu, SA and Jimoh, AO},
title = {Operational zoonotic containment of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in Saudi Arabia: An implementation-oriented One Health genomic framework.},
journal = {Veterinary world},
volume = {19},
number = {3},
pages = {1322-1341},
pmid = {42046671},
issn = {0972-8988},
abstract = {Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) remains a persistent zoonotic threat more than a decade after its first detection, with Saudi Arabia continuing to be the global epicenter of human infections and the main reservoir interface through dromedary camels. Despite ongoing surveillance, advances in molecular diagnostics, and research on vaccines and therapeutics, sporadic zoonotic spillovers and healthcare-associated outbreaks still occur, showing that current prevention strategies are still not enough. This review compiles current evidence from epidemiological studies, camel reservoir research, genomic monitoring, and public health reports published between 2012 and April 2025 to identify the key gaps preventing effective containment. Special focus is given to recent genomic discoveries, including post-2022 clade B sublineages, recombination events, and spike protein changes that might affect transmission and the effectiveness of countermeasures. Available data suggest that MERS-CoV epidemiology is driven by repeated camel-to-human transmission, followed by occasional amplification in healthcare settings rather than sustained community spread. High seroprevalence and frequent detection of viral RNA in juvenile camels, seasonal gathering in markets, and extensive animal movement networks contribute to ongoing viral circulation at the animal-human interface. Genomic studies consistently show close phylogenetic relationships between camel and human isolates, confirming recurrent zoonotic transmissions. However, fragmented surveillance systems, delayed genomic data integration, inconsistent biosecurity practices, and limited field evidence for camel vaccination pose major barriers to control. Additionally, hospital outbreaks continue to occur due to delayed diagnosis, overcrowding, and incomplete adherence to infection-prevention protocols, underscoring the need for improved clinical preparedness. Based on the integrated synthesis of epidemiological, veterinary, and genomic evidence, this review proposes an implementation-focused One Health genomic framework tailored to the Saudi context. The proposed roadmap highlights real-time connection of human and camel surveillance, expands genomic sequencing capacity, targets vaccination strategies in camels and high-risk human populations, standardizes biosecurity measures in markets and abattoirs, and strengthens infection control systems in healthcare facilities. Alignment with national governance structures and Saudi Vision 2030 offers a practical pathway for coordinated multi-sectoral action. This review concludes that MERS-CoV is unlikely to be eradicated soon, but it can be effectively managed through a genomics-enabled, operational One Health approach that combines surveillance, vaccination, clinical preparedness, and policy coordination. The model outlined here provides a scalable way to reduce zoonotic spillover risk and strengthen readiness against future coronavirus and emerging zoonotic threats.},
}

@article {pmid42046765,
year = {2026},
author = {Matenga-Ikihele, A and Asafo, F and Tuesday, R and Netzler, N and Puliuvea, C and Percival, T},
title = {Pacific-Led Responses to COVID-19: Lessons for Future Pandemic Preparedness.},
journal = {Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand},
volume = {56},
number = {2},
pages = {e70049},
pmid = {42046765},
issn = {1175-8899},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic exposed deep inequities in health systems globally and in Aotearoa New Zealand, with Pacific communities experiencing a disproportionate burden of illness, economic hardship, and social disruption. Despite these challenges, Pacific communities demonstrated resilience, culturally grounded leadership, and the ability to meet community needs through collective action. This qualitative review of peer-reviewed literature, government reports, and community-led research identified five interconnected themes: (1) community partnerships; (2) Pacific-centred approaches; (3) clear and trusted communication; (4) digital inclusion and literacy skills; and (5) economic support and sustainability. From these themes, key enablers were identified, which included community leadership, trusted communication strategies, and agile local systems, alongside barriers such as underinvestment, digital exclusion, reliance on unpaid labour, and limited inclusion of Pacific leadership in early planning. The findings highlight that Pacific-led systems are not supplementary but an essential public health infrastructure. Embedding these approaches within national emergency planning, through sustainable funding, formal governance roles, and strengthened digital inclusion, offers a pathway to a more equitable, trusted, and resilient pandemic response.},
}

@article {pmid42047168,
year = {2026},
author = {Uzer, F and Erendor, F and Sanlioglu, S},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Immune Evasion: Mapping the Future of Vaccine Design.},
journal = {Reviews in medical virology},
volume = {36},
number = {3},
pages = {e70157},
pmid = {42047168},
issn = {1099-1654},
mesh = {Humans ; *Immune Evasion ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology/genetics ; *Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology/genetics/chemistry ; *COVID-19/immunology/prevention & control/virology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Vaccine Development ; Evolution, Molecular ; Mutation ; Animals ; },
abstract = {The evolutionary trajectory of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has progressed through several distinct phases since its zoonotic emergence, transitioning from initial human adaptation to an era of rapid antigenic drift and complex immune evasion. As of early 2026, the global landscape is dominated by highly evolved sublineages of the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant, including the JN.1-descendent subvariants NB.1.8.1 and XFG. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms driving viral fitness, with a primary focus on the structural transformations within the spike (S) protein's receptor-binding domain (RBD), N-terminal domain (NTD), and S2 subunit. We examine the biophysical impacts of pivotal mutations, such as E484 K, K417 N, and F486P, alongside the phenomenon of convergent evolution and epistatic compensation. Furthermore, we provide an integrated analysis of current knowledge regarding the evolving dynamics of humoral and cellular immunity, exploring the challenges posed by immune imprinting and the decline of neutralizing antibody titers against antigenically distant strains. A comparative discussion of SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal influenza highlights divergent evolutionary paces but converging regulatory frameworks for annual vaccine updates. Finally, the current status of next-generation vaccine platforms is evaluated, specifically mosaic nanoparticles and mucosal delivery systems, which aim to provide pan-sarbecovirus protection and interrupt transmission. These insights are integrated into a policy framework focused on annual strain selection and enhanced genomic surveillance for sustainable long-term pandemic management.},
}

Humans
*Immune Evasion
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology/genetics
*Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology/genetics/chemistry
*COVID-19/immunology/prevention & control/virology
*COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
Vaccine Development
Evolution, Molecular
Mutation
Animals

@article {pmid42047233,
year = {2026},
author = {Bashir, HM and Ciftci, D},
title = {Impact of COVID-19 on female reproductive health and communication post-pandemic: A scoping review.},
journal = {African journal of reproductive health},
volume = {30},
number = {8},
pages = {102-118},
doi = {10.29063/ajrh2026/v30i8.10},
pmid = {42047233},
issn = {1118-4841},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; Female ; *Reproductive Health ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Health Communication ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected Female Reproductive Health (FRH), intensifying physiological and psychological conditions such as amenorrhea and postpartum related issues. While clinical studies have well-documented these impacts on FRH, no studies empirically tested health communication interventions, revealing a significant research gap. This scoping review bridges this gap, mapping evidence on the impact of COVID-19 on FRH and probing the untapped potential of communication strategies to mitigate these impacts. Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we systematically searched PubMed, PsycINFO, BMJ Global Health, and Frontiers (2021-2024) for peer-reviewed studies. The 13 included studies documented menstrual irregularities in 50-67% of women post-infection/vaccination, fertility rate declines of 18 per 100,000 women, and postpartum depression prevalence of 25.27%. Eligibility criteria included Women of reproductive age (15-49 years) affected by COVID-19's impact and implemented strategies addressing these impacts post-pandemic. We proposed integrating robust trauma-informed communication road map such as digital health literacy programs and community-led strategic initiatives.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology
Female
*Reproductive Health
SARS-CoV-2
*Health Communication
Pandemics

@article {pmid42047332,
year = {2026},
author = {Paik, S and Um, S and Kim, IS and Park, EJ and Kim, KT and Basu, J and Oh, DC and Jo, EK},
title = {Exploiting autophagy-targeting natural compounds for potential antimicrobial actions.},
journal = {Autophagy},
volume = {22},
number = {8},
pages = {1762-1787},
doi = {10.1080/15548627.2026.2662426},
pmid = {42047332},
issn = {1554-8635},
mesh = {*Autophagy/drug effects ; Humans ; Animals ; *Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; *Biological Products/pharmacology ; Host-Directed Therapy ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; },
abstract = {Natural products are biologically active compounds used for therapeutic interventions for various diseases, particularly infections. Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic pathway involving lysosomal degradation and is closely associated with immunological pathways, effectively combating bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections. Accumulating evidence suggests that autophagy activation or inhibition by natural products promotes antimicrobial responses against various pathogens. Numerous natural products can modulate autophagy through diverse signaling pathways, suggesting their potential as a host-directed therapeutic strategy that may complement conventional drug regimens or help mitigate drug resistance in various infectious diseases. However, it remains largely unclear whether these effects are mediated by direct modulation of autophagy or indirectly through associated mechanisms, including enhanced immune defense, attenuation of pathological inflammation, or crosstalk with other organelle functions. Additionally, multiple pathogens can evade host responses; thus, autophagy activation may inadvertently create favorable conditions for certain pathogens. This review discusses the current knowledge of natural products in terms of their antimicrobial actions through autophagy regulation, particularly the roles of distinct natural product classes, such as polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, quinones, peptides, and macrolides in modulating autophagy for potentially contributing to control various infectious diseases. Exploring the intricate molecular interplay between natural products and autophagy in limiting infections may provide valuable insights that could inform the development of innovative host-directed antimicrobial treatments based on autophagy regulation.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; AM: alveolar macrophages; AMP: antimicrobial peptides; AMPK: 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome; ART: artemisinin; ASFV: African swine fever virus; ATG: autophagy related; AZM: azithromycin; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; BECN1: beclin 1; BMDM: bone marrow-derived macrophage; BNIP3: BCL2 interacting protein 3; BNIP3L: BCL2 interacting protein 3 like; CALCOCO2/NDP52: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; CAMKK2: calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2; CBD: cannabidiol; CF: cystic fibrosis; CGA: chlorogenic acid; CGAS: cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; CHUK/IKKα: component of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase complex; CLP: cecal ligation and puncture; CLR: clarithromycin; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; CoV: coronavirus; DHT: dihydrotanshinone I; EGCG: epigallocatechin-3-gallate; EIF2A: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A; EIF2AK2: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 2; ESKAPE: Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.; ESRRA: estrogen related receptor alpha; FOXO1: forkhead box O1; FUNDC1: FUN14 domain containing 1; HBV: hepatitis B virus; HCV: hepatitis C virus; HDT: host-directed therapy; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; HMGB1: high mobility group box 1; HSV: herpes simplex virus; IAV: influenza A virus; ICT: isocryptotanshinone; IFN: interferon; IKBKB/IKKβ: inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta; IL: interleukin; INH: isoniazid; IRF3: IFN regulatory factor 3; KEAP1: kelch like ECH associated protein 1; LAMP: lysosomal associated membrane protein; LAP: LC3-associated phagocytosis; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MDM: monocyte-derived macrophage; MDR: multidrug-resistant; MON: monotropein; Mtb: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; mtROS: mitochondrial ROS; NET: neutrophil extracellular trap; NFE2L2/Nrf2: NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2; NFKB/NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B; NLRP3: NLR family pyrin domain containing 3; NLRX1: NLR family member X1; NOTCH1: notch receptor 1; NTM: nontuberculous mycobacteria; OMS: ohmyungsamycin; PAK1: p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 1; PINK1: PTEN induced kinase 1; PKM/PKM2: pyruvate kinase M1/2; PLD: phospholipase D; PM: peritoneal macrophage; PPM1A: protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1A; PRKN/parkin: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; PtdIns3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog; RB1CC1/FIP200: RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1; RELA/p65: RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit; RIF: rifampicin; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RSV: resveratrol; RUBCN/rubicon: rubicon autophagy regulator; SAR: selective autophagy receptor; SIRT: sirtuin; STING1: stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1; STX17: syntaxin 17; Tat: trans-activator of transcription; TB: tuberculosis; TBK1: TANK binding kinase 1; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TLR: toll like receptor; TNA: tanshinone IIA; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; UA: ursolic acid; ULK1/Atg1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; UPR: unfolded protein response; UVRAG: UV radiation resistance associated; VAMP8: vesicle associated membrane protein 8; VDR: vitamin D receptor; WIPI2: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2; ZFYVE1/DFCP1: zinc finger FYVE-type containing 1; ZIKV: Zika virus.},
}

*Autophagy/drug effects
Humans
Animals
*Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology
*Biological Products/pharmacology
Host-Directed Therapy
Signal Transduction/drug effects

@article {pmid42048372,
year = {2026},
author = {Braga, A and Fialho, SCAV and Martins, CAO and Duvivier, KM and Callado, GY and Araujo Júnior, E and de Rezende-Filho, J},
title = {Maternal vaccination in the immunization era: implementation, uptake, and emerging vaccines.},
journal = {Journal of perinatal medicine},
volume = {54},
number = {6},
pages = {962-973},
pmid = {42048372},
issn = {1619-3997},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; *Vaccination/methods ; *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control ; *Immunization Programs ; *Vaccines ; },
abstract = {Maternal immunization has ascended as a cornerstone of contemporary strategies aimed at safeguarding pregnant women, fetuses, and children in early childhood against vaccine-preventable diseases. The profound physiological and immunological adaptations inherent to gestation heighten maternal susceptibility to infectious morbidity, while several pathogens, including influenza, pertussis, COVID-19, rubella, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), pose significant risks of adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. Although an extensive body of evidence attests to the safety and effectiveness of maternal vaccines, global uptake among pregnant people remains markedly uneven and, in many settings, critically suboptimal. A nuanced understanding of national and international immunization programs, along with their structural and sociocultural challenges, is imperative to strengthen perinatal health protection. This narrative review synthesizes evidence drawn from peer-reviewed scientific literature, global health agency publications, and official national immunization guidelines. Extracted data were complemented by analyses of the immunological landscape of pregnancy, current vaccine recommendations, established safety profiles, and maternal immunization schedules across high-, middle-, and low-income countries. Particular emphasis was placed on the vaccines most consistently recommended during pregnancy, namely influenza, Tdap, COVID-19, and RSV, as well as on contextual determinants influencing vaccine hesitancy, access barriers, and global disparities in coverage.},
}

Humans
Female
Pregnancy
*Vaccination/methods
*Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control
*Immunization Programs
*Vaccines